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Jean-Louis G, Jin P, Moise R, Blanc J, Rogers A, Bubu OM, Chung D, Zizi F, Seixas AA. Effectiveness of peer-delivered sleep health education and social support in increasing OSA evaluation among at-risk blacks. J Sleep Res 2024:e14213. [PMID: 38773705 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
To assess the effectiveness of culturally and linguistically tailored, peer-delivered obstructive sleep apnea education and of social support to increase adherence to physician-recommended obstructive sleep apnea evaluation among blacks. In a two-arm randomised controlled trial, we ascertained the effectiveness of peer-delivered obstructive sleep apnea education in increasing obstructive sleep apnea evaluation among 319 blacks at risk of obstructive sleep apnea (intervention = 159 and control = 160); their average age was 47 ± 12.9 years, and 41% were male. Obstructive sleep apnea risk was assessed with the Apnea Risk Evaluation System questionnaire, administered in community venues. Participants in the intervention arm received tailored obstructive sleep apnea education during a 6 month period; those in the control arm received standard sleep and healthy lifestyle information. Analysis focussed on the effectiveness of peer-delivered obstructive sleep apnea education on adherence to obstructive sleep apnea evaluation, but also considered the role of psychosocial factors. The results showed no significant differences in baseline demographic and clinical measures when contrasting participants in the study arms. The adherence rates for home-based obstructive sleep apnea evaluation in the intervention and control arms were 45.9% and 45.6%, respectively. Overall, participants in both study arms (adherers) who underwent obstructive sleep apnea evaluations were likely to experience a greater level of social support (8.2 ± 2.4 vs. 7.3 ± 2.4; p = 0.06). Moreover, adherers showed greater psychosocial scores (i.e., Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep scale, Apnea Beliefs Scale (ABS) (and Apnea Knowledge) compared with non-adherers (6.0 ± 1.8 vs. 4.9 ± 2.2; p = 0.02; 77.0 ± 7.1 vs. 73.2 ± 7.4; p = 0.04, and 6.4 ± 3.1 vs. 7.6 ± 2.4; p = 0.06, respectively). The results of the present randomised controlled trial favoured a potential role of peer-based social support and psychosocial factors, associated with obstructive sleep apnea adherence behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girardin Jean-Louis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - P Jin
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - R Moise
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - J Blanc
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - A Rogers
- Department of Health and Human Services, St John's University, Jamaica, New York, USA
| | - O M Bubu
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - D Chung
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - F Zizi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - A A Seixas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Informatics and Health Data Science, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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A. L. Kalbani F, Shalash R, Qadah R, Shousha T. Comparing two protocols of shock wave therapy for patients with plantar fasciitis: A pilot study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302553. [PMID: 38709797 PMCID: PMC11073689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This pilot study primarily aimed to detect the adherence as well as the effect size required to estimate the actual sample size needed for a larger scale study to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of two extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) protocols along, with a physical therapy program in reducing pain and improving function among patients suffering from plantar fasciitis. The study also aimed to report the effects of the ESWT protocols used on pain and function. METHODS A total of 26 participants took part in the study, including 17 females and 9 males. The average age of the participants was 34 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 23 kg/m2. Participants were divided into three equal groups; Group A received ESWT at a frequency of 15 Hz and intensity of 3, Group B received ESWT at a frequency of 10 Hz and intensity of 4, while Group C underwent the selected physical therapy program along with sham shock wave therapy as a control. Pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) while functional improvements were evaluated using the Foot Function Index (FFI). Data was collected prior to treatment, after three sessions and at the end of six weeks (after six sessions). RESULTS The three groups were well matched, and the results revealed high adherence rates (90%, 90% and 80% respectively). Results also indicated reductions in pain levels and improvements in function for both intervention groups when compared to the control group. Group A demonstrated better outcomes compared to Group B while Group C showed relatively less improvement. CONCLUSION The study concluded a high adherence rate for the three groups as well as a small effect size detected of 0.282 that would suggest a total of 123 participants to be required to replicate the study on a larger scale. With regards to the findings of this pilot, the combination of ESWT and a targeted physical therapy program revealed a possible effective therapeutic approach for plantar fasciitis, with a higher frequency potentially yielding more favourable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima A. L. Kalbani
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Reime Shalash
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Raneen Qadah
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Tamer Shousha
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disordered and its Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- University of Sharjah Center of Excellence for Healthy Aging, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Healthy Aging, longevity, and Sustainability Research Group, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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Dhote A, Puygrenier P, Tranchart H, Penna C, Fuks D, Gaillard M. Publication Fate of Research Works Achieved During Master's Degree in Surgical Science in a French Survey. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2024; 34:363-370. [PMID: 38686154 PMCID: PMC11055823 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the publication fate of research projects performed during the research year by students enrolled in a Master's degree (MSc) of surgical science and to identify factors associated with subsequent publication. An anonymous online survey of 35 questions was sent to students enrolled in MSc of surgical science between 2013 and 2020. The questionnaire included student's characteristics, topic, and supervision of the research projects developed during the research year and dissemination of the research work. Data regarding publication was collected using PubMed database. Factors associated with publication were identified by univariate analysis. Among 361 students, 26% completed the survey. Among respondents, the publication rate of research projects was 53.7%. The median time interval between the end of the research year and the date of publication was 2 (1-3) years. The student was listed as a first author in 70.6% of publications. Factors associated with publication of the research work completed during the research year were student's previous publications (P = 0.041) and presentation of the research work in academic conferences (P = 0.005). The most mentioned cause for non-publication was the absence of completion of the research work. Among respondents, the publication rate of research works performed during the MSc was high, which emphasizes the quality of the work carried out by the students and their involvement. Significant efforts must be undertaken to encourage the enrollment of residents in scientific research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-023-01973-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Dhote
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary and Endocrine Surgery, Hôpital Cochin, APHP.Centre, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Puygrenier
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary and Endocrine Surgery, Hôpital Cochin, APHP.Centre, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Hadrien Tranchart
- Department of Minimally Invasive Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, APHP, Université Paris Saclay, 92140 Clamart, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Penna
- Université Paris Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Department of Oncologic and Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Bicêtre, APHP, Université Paris Saclay, 94725 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - David Fuks
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary and Endocrine Surgery, Hôpital Cochin, APHP.Centre, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Martin Gaillard
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary and Endocrine Surgery, Hôpital Cochin, APHP.Centre, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
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Cata JP, Sessler DI. Lost in Translation: Failure of Preclinical Studies to Accurately Predict the Effect of Regional Analgesia on Cancer Recurrence. Anesthesiology 2024; 140:361-374. [PMID: 38170786 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The major goal of translational research is to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of treatments and interventions that have emerged from exhaustive preclinical evidence. In 2007, a major clinical trial was started to investigate the impact of paravertebral analgesia on breast cancer recurrence. The trial was based on preclinical evidence demonstrating that spinal anesthesia suppressed metastatic dissemination by inhibiting surgical stress, boosting the immunological response, avoiding volatile anesthetics, and reducing opioid use. However, that trial and three more recent randomized trials with a total of 4,770 patients demonstrate that regional analgesia does not improve survival outcomes after breast, lung, and abdominal cancers. An obvious question is why there was an almost complete disconnect between the copious preclinical investigations suggesting benefit and robust clinical trials showing no benefit? The answer is complex but may result from preclinical research being mechanistically driven and based on reductionist models. Both basic scientists and clinical investigators underestimated the limitations of various preclinical models, leading to the apparently incorrect hypothesis that regional anesthesia reduces cancer recurrence. This article reviews factors that contributed to the discordance between the laboratory science, suggesting that regional analgesia might reduce cancer recurrence and clinical trials showing that it does not-and what can be learned from the disconnect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Cata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel I Sessler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Snyder DC, Gaudaur H, Marchant M, Viera L, McCubbin A, Verble W, Mendell A, Gilliam C. Enhancing the clinical research workforce: a collaborative approach with human resources. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1295155. [PMID: 38384291 PMCID: PMC10879940 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1295155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Jobs for clinical research professionals (CRPs) have grown increasingly complex over the past 20+ years. This is due largely to additional administrative burden for investigators, study teams, sponsors, Clinical Research Organizations (CROs), and sites, particularly Academic Medical Centers (AMCs). Furthermore, National Institutes of Health (NIH) has reduced capacity to effectively fund research recognizing this is dependent on the overall congressional budget, which creates greater pressure for clinician scientists to secure external support. It is widely known clinical research will continue to become increasingly more complex for clinician scientists. This manuscript explores adoption of a clinical research competency-based job classification framework from the Joint Task Force for Clinical Trial Competency (JTFCTC) across several AMCs and the role of Human Resources (HR) in facilitating this process. This collaboration focuses on fostering successful projects tied to the business case in order to address equity and improve support for the clinical research enterprise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C. Snyder
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Heather Gaudaur
- Rewards and Recognition, Office of Human Resources, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mark Marchant
- Clinical Trials Administrative Offic, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Laura Viera
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Andrea McCubbin
- Office of Research, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky (UK), Lexington, KY, United States
| | - William Verble
- Human Resources, University of Kentucky (UK), Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Angela Mendell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Training (CCTST), College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati (UC), Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christine Gilliam
- College of Medicine Human Resources, University of Cincinnati (UC), Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Chappell E, Arbour L, Laksman Z. The Inclusion of Underrepresented Populations in Cardiovascular Genetics and Epidemiology. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:56. [PMID: 38392270 PMCID: PMC10888590 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel genetic risk markers have helped us to advance the field of cardiovascular epidemiology and refine our current understanding and risk stratification paradigms. The discovery and analysis of variants can help us to tailor prognostication and management. However, populations underrepresented in cardiovascular epidemiology and cardiogenetics research may experience inequities in care if prediction tools are not applicable to them clinically. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to outline the barriers that underrepresented populations can face in participating in genetics research, to describe the current efforts to diversify cardiogenetics research, and to outline strategies that researchers in cardiovascular epidemiology can implement to include underrepresented populations. Mistrust, a lack of diverse research teams, the improper use of sensitive biodata, and the constraints of genetic analyses are all barriers for including diverse populations in genetics studies. The current work is beginning to address the paucity of ethnically diverse genetics research and has already begun to shed light on the potential benefits of including underrepresented and diverse populations. Reducing barriers for individuals, utilizing community-driven research processes, adopting novel recruitment strategies, and pushing for organizational support for diverse genetics research are key steps that clinicians and researchers can take to develop equitable risk stratification tools and improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Chappell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Laura Arbour
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Zachary Laksman
- Department of Medicine and the School of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Pillai GS, Sheeba CS, Barman M, Sen A, Sundaram N, Dickson M, Joyal S, Choudhury M, Joy MM, Deepthi KG, Jangid P, Dani S. Knowledge and awareness of clinical trials among trial participants in India: A multicentric questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:275-280. [PMID: 38099356 PMCID: PMC10941919 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3041_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The knowledge and attitude of participants toward clinical trials (CTs) are a key determinant in successful recruitment and retention. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and awareness-attitude among the recruited CT participants about CTs. METHODS This was a cross-sectional face-to-face survey comprising CT participants involved in the past or currently a part of a CT during this study within the Indian Ophthalmology Clinical Trial Network (IOCTN). A previously validated questionnaire was used, and data regarding demographics, knowledge, and awareness-attitude about CTs were collected. The total awareness-attitude score was used to determine the knowledge and awareness of the participants. RESULTS A total of 121 subjects had participated in the study who were part of ongoing trials, of which only five participants had prior experience of CTs. The majority (90%) had knowledge about CTs, whereas only 7% had confirmed signing consent forms. The total awareness-attitude score significantly varied across locations (27% for the southern zone, 53% for the central zone, and 52% for the western zone), and this was negatively associated with education. The most negative attitude (38.6%) was observed regarding adequate information sharing among participants, whereas non-disruption of their routine family life (60.7%) and financial stability (67.6%) were the top most positive attitudes revealed during their participation. The participants' pre- and post-participation attitude toward CTs revealed a positive attitude. CONCLUSION The factors influencing a participant's knowledge and attitudes toward CTs were revealed in the study. Furthermore, the need for awareness regarding benefits of CTs to the public, participant's rights, and their voluntary power were the major highlights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal S Pillai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Chief of Vitreo‐ Retinal Services, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
| | - C S Sheeba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Manabjyoti Barman
- Department of Vitreo‐Retina, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Alok Sen
- Head of Department of Vitreo-Retina and Uvea, Sri Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya (SNC), Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Natarajan Sundaram
- Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital Pvt. Ltd. (AJEH), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Merin Dickson
- IOCTN-BIRAC Project, AIMS Kochi, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Shamilin Joyal
- IOCTN-BIRAC Project, AIMS Kochi, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Manjisa Choudhury
- IOCTN - BIRAC Project, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Merlin M Joy
- IOCTN-BIRAC Project, AIMS Kochi, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - K G Deepthi
- IOCTN - BIRAC Project, RIO Thiruvanthapuram, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Poonam Jangid
- IOCTN - BIRAC Project, SNC Chitrakoot, Shri Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Samrudhi Dani
- IOCTN-BIRAC Project, AJEH, Mumbai, Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Horner RD. Creative Health Services Research. Med Care 2024; 62:67-68. [PMID: 38036457 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie D Horner
- Department of Health Services Research and Administration, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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Abdalla M, Abdalla S, Abdalla M, Jones DB. Modeling the Adoption of 5760 Clinical Studies Into Practice Across 5 Surgical Specialties. J Surg Res 2024; 294:269-278. [PMID: 37453837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No studies exist that explore the factors that influence the process of synthesizing new knowledge into perioperative standards of care and the operating room. We sought to model the adoption of clinical research into surgical practice and identify modifiable factors influencing the latency of this translation. METHODS We created a data set comprised of all UpToDate articles between 2011 and 2020, sampled at 3-mo intervals, to explore how research is incorporated at the point-of-care (POC)-studying 5760 new references from 204 journals across five surgical specialties, compared to all uncited articles published during the same interval. UpToDate authors serve as specialty curators of the vast surgical literature, with an audience of more than a million clinicians in over 180 countries across 3200 institutions. Unlike society guidelines, UpToDate also provides the necessary granularity to quantify the time in bringing research to the bedside. Our main outcomes are citation rates and time-to-citation, split by specialty, journal, article type, and topics. We also model the influence of impact factor, geography, and funding and, finally, propose new impact indices to help with prioritizing surgical literature. RESULTS We highlight variation in adoption of clinical research by specialty. We show, despite representing a lower quality of evidence, surgical case reports are one of the most cited article types. Furthermore, most clinical trials (94%-100%) in surgical journals are never incorporated into POC reference lists. While few, pragmatic trials were the most likely to be cited of any article type in any surgical specialty (40%). Journal impact factor did not correlate with time-to-citation or proportion of articles cited in three of five surgical specialties, suggesting differences in how specialties synthesize/value research from specialty journals. Our two metrics, the Clinical Relevancy and Immediacy Indices, were defined to capture this impact/relevance to surgical practice. Of the five surgical subspecialties, gynecology references were >5-fold more likely to get cited, had a larger fraction of higher quality evidence incorporated, and demonstrated more success with POC adoption of practice guidelines. We also quantified the cost of translating research to surgical practice per specialty and generated maps that highlight institutions successful in translating research to the POC. The higher expenditure of National Institutes of Health funding in gynecology may reflect the cost of higher quality research per citation. CONCLUSIONS Understanding translational latency is the first step to exposing blocks that slow the adoption of research into everyday surgical practice and to understanding why increasing research funding has not yielded comparative gains in surgical outcomes. Our approach reveals new methods to monitoring the efficiency of research investments and evaluating the efficacy of policies influencing the translation of research to surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Abdalla
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Computational Statistics and Machine Learning Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Salwa Abdalla
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamed Abdalla
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel B Jones
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery & Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Grant RW, Schmittdiel JA, Liu VX, Estacio KR, Chen YI, Lieu TA. Training the next generation of delivery science researchers: 10-year experience of a post-doctoral research fellowship program within an integrated care system. Learn Health Syst 2024; 8:e10361. [PMID: 38249850 PMCID: PMC10797580 DOI: 10.1002/lrh2.10361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Learning health systems require a workforce of researchers trained in the methods of identifying and overcoming barriers to effective, evidence-based care. Most existing postdoctoral training programs, such as NIH-funded postdoctoral T32 awards, support basic and epidemiological science with very limited focus on rigorous delivery science methods for improving care. In this report, we present the 10-year experience of developing and implementing a Delivery Science postdoctoral fellowship embedded within an integrated health care delivery system. Methods In 2012, the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research designed and implemented a 2-year postdoctoral Delivery Science Fellowship research training program to foster research expertise in identifying and addressing barriers to evidence-based care within health care delivery systems. Results Since 2014, 20 fellows have completed the program. Ten fellows had PhD-level scientific training, and 10 fellows had clinical doctorates (eg, MD, RN/PhD, PharmD). Fellowship alumni have graduated to faculty research positions at academic institutions (9), and research or clinical organizations (4). Seven alumni now hold positions in Kaiser Permanente's clinical operations or medical group (7). Conclusions This delivery science fellowship program has succeeded in training graduates to address delivery science problems from both research and operational perspectives. In the next 10 years, additional goals of the program will be to expand its reach (eg, by developing joint research training models in collaboration with clinical fellowships) and strengthen mechanisms to support transition from fellowship to the workforce, especially for researchers from underrepresented groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Grant
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCaliforniaUSA
- The Permanente Medical GroupOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Julie A Schmittdiel
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vincent X Liu
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCaliforniaUSA
- The Permanente Medical GroupOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Karen R Estacio
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Tracy A Lieu
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCaliforniaUSA
- The Permanente Medical GroupOaklandCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Health Systems ScienceKaiser Permanente School of MedicinePasadenaCaliforniaUSA
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Sawant S, Madathil KC, Molloseau M, Obeid J. Overcoming recruitment hurdles in clinical trials: An investigation of remote consenting modalities and their impact on workload, workflow, and usability. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 114:104135. [PMID: 37713927 PMCID: PMC10843021 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Travel constraints can hinder the recruitment of eligible research participants in clinical trials, causing research timeline extensions, added costs, underpowered results, and early termination. Remote consenting can help solve these issues by allowing researchers and potential participants to connect remotely. This controlled experimental study investigates the effect of remote consenting on workload, workflow, usability, and barriers and facilitators to its implementation. Using a mixed experimental design, simulated consenting sessions were conducted with three different modalities (remote paper consent, eConsent, and teleconsent) with 23 researchers and 93 research participants. Each session involved a single researcher who experienced all three modalities, while three different research participants were assigned to each modality individually. Research participants and researchers completed surveys measuring workload and usability. Remote consenting allows researchers and participants to connect at their preferred location and time, and teleconsenting was found to be the preferred modality by the researchers, primarily due to its ability to exchange visual cues. However, challenges such as training requirements and technology dependence need to be addressed for widespread implementation. Future research should aim to eliminate these barriers and improve remote consenting modalities to facilitate clinical research participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Sawant
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, USA
| | | | - Maria Molloseau
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, USA
| | - Jihad Obeid
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA.
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Cranfill JR, Deeter CE, Hannah D, Snyder DC, Freel SA. Development and implementation of an on-demand competency-based onboarding program for clinical research professionals in academic medicine. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1249527. [PMID: 38188346 PMCID: PMC10771843 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1249527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 7 years, Duke has implemented competency-based job classifications for clinical research professionals (CRPs) with a defined pathway for career advancement. The workforce is defined specifically as the collection of staff employed across the clinical research enterprise to operationalize clinical research and human participatory protocols through the hands-on conduct of protocol activities including participant enrollment, regulatory coordination, study documentation, data collection and management, and sponsor engagement. The competency framework for this critical workforce laid the foundation for a centrally developed on-demand onboarding program at Duke. The self-paced program is designed to engage learners through competency-based learning modules, guided mentor/manager discussions, and applied learning activities. Consisting of an initial E-Learning orientation to clinical research at Duke, called Express Start, followed by a 90-day role-based Onboarding Learning Plan, our onboarding program includes training in foundational pre-defined core competency areas and customizable learning paths. Associated Engagement Activity Packets for many clinical research competencies encourage mentor and/or manager involvement and hands-on learning for the employee through suggested enrichment activities. The program has been widely adopted for CRPs within the Duke University Schools of Medicine and Nursing, and newly hired CRPs and their managers have expressed satisfaction with these centrally offered tools. In this paper, we describe the methods used to develop and implement our competency-based onboarding program. We will share an evaluation of the program and planned next steps for expanding the suite of onboarding resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Cranfill
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christine E. Deeter
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Deborah Hannah
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Denise C. Snyder
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Freel
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Schoenthaler A, Colella D, De La Calle F, Bueno G, Nay J, Garcia M, Shahin G, Gago C, Dapkins I. Key Principles Underlying a Research-Practice Alignment in a Federally Qualified Health Center. Ethn Dis 2023; DECIPHeR:6-11. [PMID: 38846732 PMCID: PMC11099517 DOI: 10.18865/ed.decipher.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Minoritized populations such as racial and ethnic minorities and individuals of less privileged socioeconomic status experience a disproportionate burden of poor hypertension (HTN) control in the United States. Multilevel systems interventions have been shown to improve patient-level outcomes in minoritized populations; however, there remains a large translational gap in implementing these approaches into federally qualified health centers (FQHC), which serve those at highest risk of HTN-related morbidity and mortality. The paucity of purposeful collaborations between academic researchers and practice staff throughout the research process remains a significant roadblock to the timely translation of evidence to practice. Design This commentary describes the key principles and best practices that underlie the development and sustainment of an equitable research-practice alignment, which is supporting the implementation of multilevel systems intervention for improved HTN care in a large FQHC in Brooklyn, New York. The key principles, which are derived from the central tenants of relationship development and maintenance in community-engaged participatory research, patient-centered outcomes research, and organizational alignment theory include (1) cocreation of a shared mental model, (2) bridging multilevel communication, (3) ensuring mutual accountability, and (4) creating a culture of continuous improvement. Conclusions Together, the principles guide how the research and practice teams work together to achieve a shared goal of improving the health and well-being of minoritized patients through the provision of high quality, community-oriented HTN care. Best practices to sustain our alignment require an ongoing and deliberate investment in honest and transparent communication by all members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franze De La Calle
- NYU Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | | | - Jacalyn Nay
- Family Health Centers at NYU Langone, Brooklyn, NY
| | | | | | | | - Isaac Dapkins
- Family Health Centers at NYU Langone, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Heyrman B, Meers S, Van De Velde A, Anguille S. Combined Results of Two Cross-Sectional Surveys on the Participation in Clinical Trials and the e-Consent Procedure in the Landscape of Haematology. Clin Pract 2023; 13:1520-1531. [PMID: 38131682 PMCID: PMC10742482 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13060133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the motivation of oncology patients to take part in clinical trials, only a minority of them are enrolled in clinical trials. Implementation of new practical procedures can become a barrier that withholds patients from participating in clinical trials. Treating physicians are crucial in augmenting trial accrual. The drivers that promote physicians to allocate patients for clinical trials need further assessment. We conducted two separate cross-sectional surveys, addressing patients with a haematological disease in one survey and haematologists in another survey. The patient survey was filled out by 420 patients. Significant relationships between the willingness to participate in a trial and trial knowledge (p < 0.001) and between doctor-patient relationship and participation willingness (p = 0.007) were noted. Patients above 60 years were less willing to use an electronic consent procedure vs. patients younger than 60 (p < 0.001). The physician questionnaire was completed by 42 participants of whom most (83%) were active in and (94%) motivated for clinical trials. Apart from the patient benefit and scientific interest, prestige was an equal motivator closely followed by financial remunerations. First goal was not to harm the patient. Our study confirms the high willingness of patients for trial participation and the need to rethink the structure of trial organisation. The e-consent procedure is not the method preferred by most patients above 60 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Heyrman
- Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, Department of Haematology, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stef Meers
- Algemeen Ziekenhuis KLINA, Department of Haematology, 2930 Brasschaat, Belgium
| | - Ann Van De Velde
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Anguille
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
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Jaton F. Groundwork for AI: Enforcing a benchmark for neoantigen prediction in personalized cancer immunotherapy. SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE 2023; 53:787-810. [PMID: 37650579 PMCID: PMC10543129 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231192857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This article expands on recent studies of machine learning or artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms that crucially depend on benchmark datasets, often called 'ground truths.' These ground-truth datasets gather input-data and output-targets, thereby establishing what can be retrieved computationally and evaluated statistically. I explore the case of the Tumor nEoantigen SeLection Alliance (TESLA), a consortium-based ground-truthing project in personalized cancer immunotherapy, where the 'truth' of the targets-immunogenic neoantigens-to be retrieved by the would-be AI algorithms depended on a broad technoscientific network whose setting up implied important organizational and material infrastructures. The study shows that instead of grounding an undisputable 'truth', the TESLA endeavor ended up establishing a contestable reference, the biology of neoantigens and how to measure their immunogenicity having slightly evolved alongside this four-year project. However, even if this controversy played down the scope of the TESLA ground truth, it did not discredit the whole undertaking. The magnitude of the technoscientific efforts that the TESLA project set into motion and the needs it ultimately succeeded in filling for the scientific and industrial community counterbalanced its metrological uncertainties, effectively instituting its contestable representation of 'true' neoantigens within the field of personalized cancer immunotherapy (at least temporarily). More generally, this case study indicates that the enforcement of ground truths, and what it leaves out, is a necessary condition to enable AI technologies in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Jaton
- Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kathiresan N, Cho SMJ, Bhattacharya R, Truong B, Hornsby W, Natarajan P. Representation of Race and Ethnicity in the Contemporary US Health Cohort All of Us Research Program. JAMA Cardiol 2023; 8:859-864. [PMID: 37585212 PMCID: PMC10433138 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Importance To address systemic disparities in biomedical research, the All of Us (AoU) Research Program was created to identify the root causes and consequences of health outcomes in the US. However, the extent of AoU's racial and ethnic diversity is unknown. Objective To quantify representation of key racial and ethnic groups in the accruing AoU nationwide health cohort and compare with their actual representation in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study compared the AoU program from May 2017 to June 2022 for individuals 18 years and older with the Decennial Survey 2020 (DEC) collected by the US Census Bureau. Exposures Representation of non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, non-Hispanic White, and uncategorized or multiple races in AoU. Main Outcomes and Measures The extent of underrepresentation or overrepresentation of each racial group in the AoU program at both nationwide and state-level relative to DEC. Results Of the 358 705 US adults in the AoU to date, individuals identified with the following race and ethnicity categories: 12 710 non-Hispanic Asian (3.5%), 73 348 non-Hispanic Black or African American (20.5%), 58 488 Hispanic or Latino (16.3%), 205 457 non-Hispanic White (57.3%), and 8702 uncategorized or reporting multiple categories (2.4%). Of 355 413 participants with available sex at birth and age data, 218 981 (61.6%) were female and had a mean (SD) age of 53.1 (17.0) years, 136 037 (38.28%) were male and had a mean (SD) age of 56.7 (17.0) years, and 395 reported nonbinary sex (0.1%), with a mean (SD) age of 55.4 (15.8) years. Compared with the referent US, non-Hispanic Black or African American individuals were overrepresented in the AoU by 8.73% (AoU, 20.5% [73 348 of 358 705] vs DEC, 11.7% [30 266 080 of 258 343 281]) and by relative scale, 1.94-fold. Non-Hispanic White individuals accounted for the greatest participation in the AoU with generally consistent dominance across all regions yet numerically underrepresented by absolute difference of -3.54% (95% CI, -3.70 to -3.38). Uncategorized or multiracial group in the AoU (2.4% [8702 of 358 705]) was 0.43-fold likely to be represented relative to the DEC (4.6% [11 922 096 of 258 343 281]) with an absolute difference of -2.19% (95% CI, -2.24 to -2.14). Moreover, non-Hispanic Asian individuals were underrepresented by -2.54% (95% CI, -2.60 to -2.48) prominently in most states. Individuals identifying as Hispanic or Latino were nominally underrepresented by -0.46% (95% CI, -0.58 to -0.34) (AoU, 16.3% [58 488 of 358 705] vs DEC, 16.8% [43 322 792 of 258 343 281]). Conclusions and Relevance Recruitment trends for the ongoing AoU show relatively improved representation of some major race groups with geographic trends. These findings underscore the need to further tailor and augment recruitment and participation initiatives for diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - So Mi Jemma Cho
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Romit Bhattacharya
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Buu Truong
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Whitney Hornsby
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Serrano E, Voldal EC, Machado-Aranda D, DeUgarte DA, Kao L, Drake T, Winchell R, Cuschieri J, Krishnadasan A, Talan DA, Siparsky N, Ayoung-Chee P, Self WH, McGonagill P, Mandell KA, Liang MK, Dodwad SJ, Thompson CM, Padilla RM, Fleischman R, Price TP, Jones A, Bernardi K, Garcia L, Evans HL, Sanchez SE, Odom S, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, Lawrence SO, Monsell SE, Fannon EE, Kessler LG, Flum DR, Davidson GH. Trial Participation and Outcomes Among English-Speaking and Spanish-Speaking Patients With Appendicitis Randomized to Antibiotics: A Secondary Analysis of the CODA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg 2023; 158:901-908. [PMID: 37379001 PMCID: PMC10308294 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Importance Spanish-speaking participants are underrepresented in clinical trials, limiting study generalizability and contributing to ongoing health inequity. The Comparison of Outcomes of Antibiotic Drugs and Appendectomy (CODA) trial intentionally included Spanish-speaking participants. Objective To describe trial participation and compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes among Spanish-speaking and English-speaking participants with acute appendicitis randomized to antibiotics. Design, Setting, and Participants This study is a secondary analysis of the CODA trial, a pragmatic randomized trial comparing antibiotic therapy with appendectomy in adult patients with imaging-confirmed appendicitis enrolled at 25 centers across the US from May 1, 2016, to February 28, 2020. The trial was conducted in English and Spanish. All 776 participants randomized to antibiotics are included in this analysis. The data were analyzed from November 15, 2021, through August 24, 2022. Intervention Randomization to a 10-day course of antibiotics or appendectomy. Main Outcomes and Measures Trial participation, European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire scores (higher scores indicating a better health status), rate of appendectomy, treatment satisfaction, decisional regret, and days of work missed. Outcomes are also reported for a subset of participants that were recruited from the 5 sites with a large proportion of Spanish-speaking participants. Results Among eligible patients 476 of 1050 Spanish speakers (45%) and 1076 of 3982 of English speakers (27%) consented, comprising the 1552 participants who underwent 1:1 randomization (mean age, 38.0 years; 976 male [63%]). Of the 776 participants randomized to antibiotics, 238 were Spanish speaking (31%). Among Spanish speakers randomized to antibiotics, the rate of appendectomy was 22% (95% CI, 17%-28%) at 30 days and 45% (95% CI, 38%-52%) at 1 year, while in English speakers, these rates were 20% (95% CI, 16%-23%) at 30 days and 42% (95% CI 38%-47%) at 1 year. Mean EQ-5D scores were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.92-0.95) among Spanish speakers and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.91-0.93) among English speakers. Symptom resolution at 30 days was reported by 68% (95% CI, 61%-74%) of Spanish speakers and 69% (95% CI, 64%-73%) of English speakers. Spanish speakers missed 6.69 (95% CI, 5.51-7.87) days of work on average, while English speakers missed 3.76 (95% CI, 3.20-4.32) days. Presentation to the emergency department or urgent care, hospitalization, treatment dissatisfaction, and decisional regret were low for both groups. Conclusions and Relevance A high proportion of Spanish speakers participated in the CODA trial. Clinical and most patient-reported outcomes were similar for English- and Spanish-speaking participants treated with antibiotics. Spanish speakers reported more days of missed work. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02800785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Serrano
- University of Washington, Seattle
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Emily C. Voldal
- University of Washington, Seattle
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Lillian Kao
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | | | | | - Joseph Cuschieri
- Harborview Medical Center, UW Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | | | - David A. Talan
- Olive View–UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Patricia Ayoung-Chee
- Bellevue Hospital Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Tisch Hospital, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Wesley H. Self
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Mike K. Liang
- Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital, University of Texas, Houston
- University of Houston, HCA Healthcare, Kingwood, Kingwood, Texas
| | - Shan-Jahan Dodwad
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | - Callie M. Thompson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | | | | | | | - Alan Jones
- The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Karla Bernardi
- Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital, University of Texas, Houston
| | - Luis Garcia
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City
| | - Heather L. Evans
- Harborview Medical Center, UW Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | | | - Stephen Odom
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Harvey G, Rycroft-Malone J, Seers K, Wilson P, Cassidy C, Embrett M, Hu J, Pearson M, Semenic S, Zhao J, Graham ID. Connecting the science and practice of implementation - applying the lens of context to inform study design in implementation research. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2023; 3:1162762. [PMID: 37484830 PMCID: PMC10361069 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2023.1162762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The saying "horses for courses" refers to the idea that different people and things possess different skills or qualities that are appropriate in different situations. In this paper, we apply the analogy of "horses for courses" to stimulate a debate about how and why we need to get better at selecting appropriate implementation research methods that take account of the context in which implementation occurs. To ensure that implementation research achieves its intended purpose of enhancing the uptake of research-informed evidence in policy and practice, we start from a position that implementation research should be explicitly connected to implementation practice. Building on our collective experience as implementation researchers, implementation practitioners (users of implementation research), implementation facilitators and implementation educators and subsequent deliberations with an international, inter-disciplinary group involved in practising and studying implementation, we present a discussion paper with practical suggestions that aim to inform more practice-relevant implementation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Harvey
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jo Rycroft-Malone
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Seers
- Warwick Medical School, Faculty of Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wilson
- Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Cassidy
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mark Embrett
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jiale Hu
- College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Mark Pearson
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Semenic
- Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Junqiang Zhao
- Centre for Research on Health and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ian D. Graham
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Mullen CG, Houlihan JY, Stroo M, Deeter CE, Freel SA, Padget AM, Snyder DC. Leveraging retooled clinical research infrastructure for Clinical Research Management System implementation at a large Academic Medical Center. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e127. [PMID: 37313387 PMCID: PMC10260330 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Quality clinical research is essential for health care progress and is the mission of academic health centers. Yet ensuring quality depends on an institution's ability to measure, control, and respond to metrics of trial performance. Uninformed clinical research provides little benefit to health care, drains institutional resources, and may waste participants' time and commitment. Opportunities for ensuring high-quality research are multifactorial, including training, evaluation, and retention of research workforces; operational efficiencies; and standardizing policies and procedures. Duke University School of Medicine has committed to improving the quality and informativeness of our clinical research enterprise through investments in infrastructure with significant focus on optimizing research management system integration as a foundational element for quality management. To address prior technology limitations, Duke has optimized Advarra's OnCore for this purpose by seamlessly integrating with the IRB system, electronic health record, and general ledger. Our goal was to create a standardized clinical research experience to manage research from inception to closeout. Key drivers of implementation include transparency of research process data and generating metrics aligned with institutional goals. Since implementation, Duke has leveraged OnCore data to measure, track, and report metrics resulting in improvements in clinical research conduct and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G. Mullen
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Y. Houlihan
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marissa Stroo
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine E. Deeter
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Freel
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Angela M. Padget
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Denise C. Snyder
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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20
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Meystre SM, Heider PM, Cates A, Bastian G, Pittman T, Gentilin S, Kelechi TJ. Piloting an automated clinical trial eligibility surveillance and provider alert system based on artificial intelligence and standard data models. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:88. [PMID: 37041475 PMCID: PMC10088225 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-01916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To advance new therapies into clinical care, clinical trials must recruit enough participants. Yet, many trials fail to do so, leading to delays, early trial termination, and wasted resources. Under-enrolling trials make it impossible to draw conclusions about the efficacy of new therapies. An oft-cited reason for insufficient enrollment is lack of study team and provider awareness about patient eligibility. Automating clinical trial eligibility surveillance and study team and provider notification could offer a solution. METHODS To address this need for an automated solution, we conducted an observational pilot study of our TAES (TriAl Eligibility Surveillance) system. We tested the hypothesis that an automated system based on natural language processing and machine learning algorithms could detect patients eligible for specific clinical trials by linking the information extracted from trial descriptions to the corresponding clinical information in the electronic health record (EHR). To evaluate the TAES information extraction and matching prototype (i.e., TAES prototype), we selected five open cardiovascular and cancer trials at the Medical University of South Carolina and created a new reference standard of 21,974 clinical text notes from a random selection of 400 patients (including at least 100 enrolled in the selected trials), with a small subset of 20 notes annotated in detail. We also developed a simple web interface for a new database that stores all trial eligibility criteria, corresponding clinical information, and trial-patient match characteristics using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model. Finally, we investigated options for integrating an automated clinical trial eligibility system into the EHR and for notifying health care providers promptly of potential patient eligibility without interrupting their clinical workflow. RESULTS Although the rapidly implemented TAES prototype achieved only moderate accuracy (recall up to 0.778; precision up to 1.000), it enabled us to assess options for integrating an automated system successfully into the clinical workflow at a healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS Once optimized, the TAES system could exponentially enhance identification of patients potentially eligible for clinical trials, while simultaneously decreasing the burden on research teams of manual EHR review. Through timely notifications, it could also raise physician awareness of patient eligibility for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane M Meystre
- OnePlanet Research Center and imec, Toernooiveld 300, Nijmegen, 6525 EC, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul M Heider
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew Cates
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Grace Bastian
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Tara Pittman
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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21
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Development of strategies for community engaged research dissemination by basic scientists: a case study. Transl Res 2023; 252:91-98. [PMID: 36108910 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As depicted in the translational research continuum, dissemination of research findings to past research participants and the community-at-large is integral to improving health outcomes. Blocks in translation exist in which poor dissemination is a major contributor. Limited progress has been made on how to engage basic scientists at T1 and T2 phases to meaningfully disseminate study findings to community. Our objective is to report on 4 cases of community engaged research dissemination activities among 3 basic scientists (ie, a cancer biologist, a biochemist, and a molecular biologist.): a townhall, a radio listening session, a community newsletter, and a Facebook Live segment. The Meharry Community Engagement Core dissemination team designed these activities using community informed processes. To plan and conduct these activities, a basic scientist is partnered with a community engaged researcher and a community-based organization to create a dissemination product which can be understood and potentially used by past research participants and the community-at-large. We share reflections from basic scientists, community organizations, and event participants. Finally, we provide competencies, informed by basic scientists, needed to engage in effective, community-engaged research dissemination. The activities, reflections, and competencies can be used by basic scientists and academic institutions as models to guide their community engaged research dissemination activities. This work supports the goal to bridge the translational research gap.
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Levitt EB, Paul KD, Vatsia SK, Scannell B, Patt JC, Templeton K, McGwin G, Ponce BA. Benefits of an Orthopedic Education Research Collaborative: An Innovative Approach. Cureus 2023; 15:e34903. [PMID: 36938282 PMCID: PMC10016735 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Graduate Medical Education (GME) research in orthopedic surgery is an important but underrepresented subject in the medical literature. It was unknown if orthopedic residency leaders were interested in a surgical education research collaborative (orthopedic collaborative). The objectives of this study were to assess the potential benefit of an orthopedic collaborative from orthopedic residency leaders and investigate the factors associated with the support of a research collaborative within a surgical subspecialty. Methodology An anonymous 19-question survey-based study was distributed through REDCap (Nashville, TN, USA) to orthopedic residency leaders in the United States, from July to October 2020. The main outcome was perceived benefit. Additional aspects included program characteristics, challenges in performing resident education research, and organizational issues such as authorship, frequency of study requests, and governance. Results Almost all orthopedic faculty leadership (99%, 73/74) stated that resident education and faculty development research projects would benefit from an orthopedic education research collaborative. In comparison to unsupportive respondents, younger age (P = 0.006), 15 or fewer years in practice (P = 0.04), and having 0 to 100 peer-reviewed publications (P = 0.047) were associated with support for an orthopedic collaborative. Conclusions Challenges related to survey-based study quality and generalizability at single institutions can benefit from multi-institutional collaboration to develop high-quality studies that capture a representative sample to support orthopedic surgery program development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli B Levitt
- Orthopedic Surgery, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Internal Medicine, Palmetto General Hospital, Hialeah, USA
| | - Kyle D Paul
- Orthopedic Surgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Orthopedic Surgery, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kim Templeton
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Gerald McGwin
- Epidemiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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23
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Tawfik SM, Elhosseiny AA, Galal AA, William MB, Qansuwa E, Elbaz RM, Salama M. Health inequity in genomic personalized medicine in underrepresented populations: a look at the current evidence. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:54. [PMID: 36719510 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in sequencing technology coupled with dramatic declines in the cost of genome sequencing have led to a proportional growth in the size and number of genetic datasets since the release of the human genetic sequence by The Human Genome Project (HGP) international consortium. The HGP was undeniably a significant scientific success, a turning point in human genetics and the beginning of human genomics. This burst of genetic information has led to a greater understanding of disease pathology and the potential of employing this data to deliver more precise patient care. Hence, the recognition of high-penetrance disease-causing mutations which encode drivers of disease has made the management of most diseases more specific. Nonetheless, while genetic scores are becoming more extensively used, their application in the real world is expected to be limited due to the lack of diversity in the data used to construct them. Underrepresented populations, such as racial and ethnic minorities, low-income individuals, and those living in rural areas, often experience greater health disparities and worse health outcomes compared to the general population. These disparities are often the result of systemic barriers, such as poverty, discrimination, and limited access to healthcare. Addressing health inequity in underrepresented populations requires addressing the underlying social determinants of health and implementing policies and programs which promoted health equity and reduce disparities. This can include expanding access to affordable healthcare, addressing poverty and unemployment, and promoting policies that combat discrimination and racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherouk M Tawfik
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Aliaa A Elhosseiny
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Aya A Galal
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.,Systems Genomics Laboratory, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Martina B William
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Esraa Qansuwa
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Rana M Elbaz
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt. .,Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. .,Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Zang D, Liu C. Exploring the clinical translation intensity of papers published by the world's top scientists in basic medicine. Scientometrics 2023; 128:2371-2416. [PMID: 36743779 PMCID: PMC9885061 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-023-04634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which basic medical research is translated into clinical practice is a topic of interest to all stakeholders. In this study, we assessed the clinical translation intensity of papers published by scientists who have made outstanding contributions to the field of basic medicine (Lasker Prize winners for Basic Medical Research). Approximate Potential for Translation (APT), Translational science scores (TS), and Citations by clinical research (Cited by Clin.) were analyzed as dependent variables. A traditional citation indicator was used as a reference (relative citation ratio, RCR). In order to examine the correlation between these different indicators and the characteristics of the paper, the author, and the institution. we used nonparametric tests, Spearman correlations, ordinal least squares regressions (OLS), quantile regressions, and zero-inflated negative binomial regression methods. We found that among the basic medical research papers published by Lasker Basic Medicine Award winners, (1) 20% are cited by clinical research; 11.6% of the papers were more valuable for clinical research than basic research; 12.8% have a probability of more than 50% to be cited in future clinical studies; (2) Spearman correlations were conducted among APT, TS, Cited by Clin., RCR, and all of the other continuous variables. There is a significant, positive, low to moderate correlation between APT, TS, and Cited by Clin (APT and TS: r = 0.549, p < 0.01; APT and Cited by Clin: r = 0.530, p < 0.01; TS and Cited by Clin: r = 0.383, p < 0.01). However, the relationship between RCR and the three indicators of clinical translation intensity was not consistent. APT was positively correlated with RCR (r = 0.553, p < 0.01). Cited by Clin. is weakly positively correlated with RCR (r = 0.381, p < 0.01). There is almost no correlation between TS and RCR (r = 0.184, p < 0.01). (3) Publication age, primary research paper, multidisciplinary science, number of disciplines, authors, institutions, funded projects, references, length of the title, length of paper, physical age, gender, nationality, institutional type, Nobel Prize have a significant relationship with 1 to 3 types of clinical translation intensity measures. In a sample of basic medical research papers published by the world's top scientists in basic medicine, we came to the following conclusions: the three indicators, APT, TS and Cited by Clin., measured the clinical translation intensity of the papers from different perspectives. They are both related to each other and have their own characteristics. In a sample of basic medical research papers published by the world's top scientists in basic medicine, characteristics at the paper, winner, and institution level significantly correlated with the measures of clinical translation intensity. Gender effect on the clinical translation intensity of papers was confirmed. Traditional citation-based indicators and translational-focused indicators measure academic impact and clinical impact respectively. There is a certain degree of disconnect between them. Two types of indicators should be used in combination in future assessments of basic medical research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11192-023-04634-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884School of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884School of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Library, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Cowan S, Lim S, Alycia C, Pirotta S, Thomson R, Gibson-Helm M, Blackmore R, Naderpoor N, Bennett C, Ee C, Rao V, Mousa A, Alesi S, Moran L. Lifestyle management in polycystic ovary syndrome - beyond diet and physical activity. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:14. [PMID: 36647089 PMCID: PMC9841505 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition affecting reproductive-aged women with reproductive, metabolic and psychological consequences. Weight and lifestyle (diet, physical activity and behavioural) management are first-line therapy in international evidence-based guidelines for PCOS. While these recommend following population-level diet and physical activity guidelines, there is ongoing interest and research in the potential benefit of including psychological and sleep interventions, as well as a range of traditional, complimentary and integrative medicine (TCIM) approaches, for optimal management of PCOS. There is limited evidence to recommend a specific diet composition for PCOS with approaches including modifying protein, carbohydrate or fat quality or quantity generally having similar effects on the presentations of PCOS. With regards to physical activity, promising evidence supports the provision of vigorous aerobic exercise, which has been shown to improve body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin resistance. Psychological and sleep interventions are also important considerations, with women displaying poor emotional wellbeing and higher rates of clinical and subclinical sleep disturbance, potentially limiting their ability to make positive lifestyle change. While optimising sleep and emotional wellbeing may aid symptom management in PCOS, research exploring the efficacy of clinical interventions is lacking. Uptake of TCIM approaches, in particular supplement and herbal medicine use, by women with PCOS is growing. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to support integration into routine clinical practice. Research investigating inositol supplementation have produced the most promising findings, showing improved metabolic profiles and reduced hyperandrogenism. Findings for other supplements, herbal medicines, acupuncture and yoga is so far inconsistent, and to reduce heterogeneity more research in specific PCOS populations, (e.g. defined age and BMI ranges) and consistent approaches to intervention delivery, duration and comparators are needed. While there are a range of lifestyle components in addition to population-recommendations for diet and physical activity of potential benefit in PCOS, robust clinical trials are warranted to expand the relatively limited evidence-base regarding holistic lifestyle management. With consumer interest in holistic healthcare rising, healthcare providers will be required to broaden their knowledge pertaining to how these therapies can be safely and appropriately utilised as adjuncts to conventional medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cowan
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Siew Lim
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chelsea Alycia
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Pirotta
- Health and Social Care Unit, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Thomson
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie Gibson-Helm
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Te Tātai Hauora o Hine - National Centre for Women's Health Research Aotearoa, Te Herenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Blackmore
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Negar Naderpoor
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christie Bennett
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolyn Ee
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vibhuti Rao
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Alesi
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Yasuda M, Saito A, Goto T, Yamamoto R, Liu K, Kuriyama A, Kondo Y, Kasugai D. Challenges hindering emergency physicians; involvement in multicenter collaborative studies in Japan: A nationwide survey analysis. Acute Med Surg 2023; 10:e906. [PMID: 38020489 PMCID: PMC10665775 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Multicenter collaborative research accelerates patient recruitment and strengthens evidence. Nevertheless, the factors influencing emergency and critical care physicians' involvement in such research in Japan remain unclear. Methods A nationwide web-based survey conducted in early 2023 targeted emergency physicians working a minimum of 3 days per week in Japan. The survey descriptively assessed their backgrounds, work and research environments, experiences, and perceived impediments and motivators for multicenter research. Results Of the 387 respondents, 348 were included in the study, yielding a 5.1% response rate. Women comprised 11% of the participants; 33% worked in university hospitals, 65% served in both emergency departments and intensive care units, and 54% did shift work. Only 12% had designated research time during working hours, with a median of 1 hour per week (interquartile range 0-5 h), including time outside of work. While 73% had participated in multicenter research, 58% noted barriers to participation. The key obstacles were excessive data entry (72%), meeting time constraints (59%), ethical review at each facility (50%), and unique sample collection, such as bronchoalveolar lavage specimens or pathological tissues (51%). The major incentives were networking (70%), data sets reuse (65%), feedback on research results (63%), and recognition from academic societies (63%). Financial rewards were not highly prioritized (38%). Conclusions While valuing clinical research, emergency physicians face barriers, especially data entry burden and limited research time. Networking and sharing research findings motivate them. These insights can guide strategies to enhance collaborative research in emergency and critical care in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaho Yasuda
- Faculty of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
- TXP Medical Co. Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Ayaka Saito
- TXP Medical Co. Ltd.TokyoJapan
- Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care CenterSakuJapan
| | | | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CIRC2LE)Fukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Keibun Liu
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles HospitalChermsideQueenslandAustralia
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandChermsideQueenslandAustralia
- Non‐Profit Organization, ICU Collaboration NetworkTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Kuriyama
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency MedicineKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineJuntendo University Urayasu HospitalUrayasuJapan
| | - Daisuke Kasugai
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
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Peng Z, Ma Y, Wang J, Xu X, Wang C, Chen Y. Awareness of Clinical Research Coordinators Toward Ethics and Protection of Clinical Trial Patients. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2022; 57:561-569. [PMID: 36572831 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-022-00488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical research coordinators (CRCs) play an important role in the protection of clinical trial participants and maintenance of ethical standards. However, limited data are available on the ethical cognition of CRCs. Understanding the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of CRCs toward ethics is essential to protect study participants and improve their compliance. METHODS We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study at 20 hospitals in Anhui province of China. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 435 CRCs conducting clinical trials. RESULTS The good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice rates were 55.2%, 59.3%, and 79.5% respectively. Most CRCs (99.1%) were aware of the participants' rights. Only 127 (29.2%) and 140 (32.2%) CRCs were aware of measures to protect participants' rights and ethical guidelines regarding trials, respectively. In total, 59.6% of CRCs stated that ethical review might delay the start of a clinical trial. Marital status (odds ratio [OR] 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27-0.83), CRC work experience (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02-0.75), and educational background (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13-0.76) affected the knowledge of CRCs regarding ethics. CONCLUSIONS Some deficiencies were observed in the ethical knowledge and behavior of CRCs. Interventions to improve the ethical training of CRCs regarding study participant protection, international guidelines, and the role of ethical committees are essential when conducting clinical trials. Validated instruments should be constructed to assess the effectiveness of ethical training and measure the KAP of CRCs toward ethics.
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Abstract
Online interventions for older adults should be tailored to their unique needs to increase the efficacy of and adherence to the intervention. The agile development cycle is a dynamic model to solicit and incorporate feedback from older adults during the design process. We combined this approach with the framework of Harvard University's clinical and translational phases that provide a clear structure for evaluating new health programs before they are offered in the community. We based our online memory program on the empirically validated in-person Memory and Aging Program. The aim of the present study was to combine the agile development cycle with the clinical and translational phases framework to develop and pilot an online memory program tailored to the unique needs of older adults. Study 1 involved piloting individual program modules on site and integrating participant feedback into the program's design to optimize usability. Study 2 involved two sequential pilots of the program accessed remotely to evaluate preliminary clinical outcomes and obtain feedback for iterative modifications. Plans for further validation and limitations are discussed. The successful application of the agile development cycle implemented in this series of studies can be adapted by others seeking to offer online content for targeted end users.
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Mendonca EA, Richesson RL, Hochheiser H, Cooper DM, Bruck MN, Berner ES. Informatics education for translational research teams: An unrealized opportunity to strengthen the national research infrastructure. J Clin Transl Sci 2022; 6:e130. [PMID: 36590353 PMCID: PMC9794970 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify the informatics educational needs of clinical and translational research professionals whose primary focus is not informatics. Introduction Informatics and data science skills are essential for the full spectrum of translational research, and an increased understanding of informatics issues on the part of translational researchers can alleviate the demand for informaticians and enable more productive collaborations when informaticians are involved. Identifying the level of interest in different topics among various types of of translational researchers will help set priorities for development and dissemination of informatics education. Methods We surveyed clinical and translational science researchers in Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) programs about their educational needs and preferences. Results Researchers from 23 out of the 62 CTSA hubs responded to the survey. 67% of respondents across roles and topics expressed interest in learning about informatics topics. There was high interest in all 30 topics included in the survey, with some variation in interest depending on the role of the respondents. Discussion Our data support the need to advance training in clinical and biomedical informatics. As the complexity and use of information technology and data science in research studies grows, informaticians will continue to be a limited resource for research collaboration, education, and training. An increased understanding of informatics issues across translational research teams can alleviate this burden and allow for more productive collaborations. To inform a roadmap for informatics education for research professionals, we suggest strategies to use the results of this needs assessment to develop future informatics education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneida A. Mendonca
- Indiana University/Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Meg N. Bruck
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eta S. Berner
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Boettger MK. What 'translating science' can learn from 'translating languages'. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103313. [PMID: 35787479 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important steps in drug discovery is the translation of preclinical data to humans. However, the term 'translation' has numerous connotations and, often, different stakeholders literally speak different languages. Learning from many years of experience and new concepts in language translation could increase the success rate in translating biomedical research. Beyond being bilingual, this includes applying the concept of functional equivalence, the main characteristic of a good translation. Given that function is defined by the source language text, starting with the patient has advantages over the classical bench-to-bedside approach. Good translators need transfer competence, including knowledge of the limitations of translation. As with languages, computer-assisted translation(-al research) could support increasing functional equivalence and, thus, translation success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Boettger
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development Precision Medicine (RED preMED), Translational Clinical Sciences, Experimental Medicine, Aprather Weg 18a, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; Faculty of Health, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
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Park SM, Vonortas NS. Translational research: from basic research to regional biomedical entrepreneurship. SMALL BUSINESS ECONOMICS 2022; 60:1761-1783. [PMID: 38625332 PMCID: PMC9425788 DOI: 10.1007/s11187-022-00676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This paper examines the effect of translational research on knowledge production and biomedical entrepreneurship across U.S. regions. Researchers have earlier investigated the outputs of translational research by focusing on academic publications. Little attention has been paid to linking translational research to biomedical entrepreneurship. We construct an analytical model based on the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach to examine the relationship between translational research, biomedical patents, clinical trials, and biomedical entrepreneurship. We test the model across 381 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas using 10 years of panel data related to the NIH Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program. CTSA appears to increase the number of biomedical patents and biomedical entrepreneurship as proxied by the NIH Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grants. However, the magnitudes of the effects are relatively small. Path analysis shows that the effect of translational research on regional biomedical entrepreneurship is not strongly conveyed through biomedical patents or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Park
- Science, Technology and Innovation Support Team, Ministry of Science and ICT, Sejong Finance Center II, 194, Gareum-ro, Sejong-si, 30121 South Korea
| | - Nicholas S. Vonortas
- Institute for International Science and Technology Policy & Department of Economics, George Washington University, 1957 E Street NW Suite 403, Washington DC, 20052 USA
- São Paulo Excellence Chair, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Huang T, Peng L, Han Y, Wang D, He X, Wang J, Ou C. Lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines in cancers: Current advances and future prospects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922301. [PMID: 36090974 PMCID: PMC9458914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines constitute an emerging therapeutic method with the advantages of high safety and efficiency as well as easy synthesis; thus, they have been widely used in various human diseases, especially in malignant cancers. However, the mRNA vaccine technology has some limitations, such as instability and low transitive efficiency in vivo, which greatly restrict its application. The development of nanotechnology in the biomedical field offers new strategies and prospects for the early diagnosis and treatment of human cancers. Recent studies have demonstrated that Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based mRNA vaccines can address the poor preservation and targeted inaccuracy of mRNA vaccines. As an emerging cancer therapy, mRNA vaccines potentially have broad future applications. Unlike other treatments, cancer mRNA vaccines provide specific, safe, and tolerable treatments. Preclinical studies have used personalized vaccines to demonstrate the anti-tumor effect of mRNA vaccines in the treatment of various solid tumors, including colorectal and lung cancer, using these in a new era of therapeutic cancer vaccines. In this review, we have summarized the latest applications and progress of LNP-based mRNA vaccines in cancers, and discussed the prospects and limitations of these fields, thereby providing novel strategies for the targeted therapy of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lushan Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyun He, ; Junpu Wang, ; Chunlin Ou,
| | - Junpu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyun He, ; Junpu Wang, ; Chunlin Ou,
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyun He, ; Junpu Wang, ; Chunlin Ou,
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Garza MY, Williams T, Myneni S, Fenton SH, Ounpraseuth S, Hu Z, Lee J, Snowden J, Zozus MN, Walden AC, Simon AE, McClaskey B, Sanders SG, Beauman SS, Ford SR, Malloch L, Wilson A, Devlin LA, Young LW. Measuring and controlling medical record abstraction (MRA) error rates in an observational study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:227. [PMID: 35971057 PMCID: PMC9380367 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that data collection by medical record abstraction (MRA) is a significant source of error in clinical research studies relying on secondary use data. Yet, the quality of data collected using MRA is seldom assessed. We employed a novel, theory-based framework for data quality assurance and quality control of MRA. The objective of this work is to determine the potential impact of formalized MRA training and continuous quality control (QC) processes on data quality over time. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of QC data collected during a cross-sectional medical record review of mother-infant dyads with Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome. A confidence interval approach was used to calculate crude (Wald's method) and adjusted (generalized estimating equation) error rates over time. We calculated error rates using the number of errors divided by total fields ("all-field" error rate) and populated fields ("populated-field" error rate) as the denominators, to provide both an optimistic and a conservative measurement, respectively. RESULTS On average, the ACT NOW CE Study maintained an error rate between 1% (optimistic) and 3% (conservative). Additionally, we observed a decrease of 0.51 percentage points with each additional QC Event conducted. CONCLUSIONS Formalized MRA training and continuous QC resulted in lower error rates than have been found in previous literature and a decrease in error rates over time. This study newly demonstrates the importance of continuous process controls for MRA within the context of a multi-site clinical research study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Y Garza
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., #782, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA. .,School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Tremaine Williams
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., #782, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Sahiti Myneni
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan H Fenton
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Songthip Ounpraseuth
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Zhuopei Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeannette Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jessica Snowden
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Meredith N Zozus
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anita C Walden
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alan E Simon
- Environmental Influences On Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Sarah G Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sandra S Beauman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sara R Ford
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lacy Malloch
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Amy Wilson
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Lori A Devlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Leslie W Young
- Department of Pediatrics, The Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Aguilar-González A, Lou-Meda R, Chocó-Cedillos A, Moist L. Community engagement in kidney research: Guatemalan experience. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:282. [PMID: 35962338 PMCID: PMC9373416 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community engagement is essential for effective research when addressing issues important to both the community and researchers. Despite its effectiveness, there is limited published evidence concerning the evaluation of community engagement in research projects, especially in the area of nephrology. Methods We developed a community engagement program in Guatemala to address the role of hydration in chronic kidney disease of unknown origin, using five key engagement principles: 1. Local relevance and determinants of health. 2. Acknowledgment of the community. 3. Dissemination of findings and knowledge gained to all partners. 4. Usage of community partners’ input. 5. Involvement of a cyclical and iterative process in the pursuit of goals. The effectiveness of community engagement was measured by a structured questionnaire on a 5-point likert scale. This measure determined how well and how often the research team adhered to the five engagement principles. We assessed internal consistency for each set of the engagement items through Omega coefficient. Results Sixty-two community leaders completed the questionnaire. Seventy-five percent were female, with a mean age of 37 years. All 5 engagement principles scored highly on the 5-point likert scale. Every item set corresponding to an engagement principles evaluation had a Omega coefficient > 0.80, indicating a firm internal consistency for all question groups on both qualitative and quantitative scales. Conclusion Engagement of the community in the kidney research provides sustainability of the efforts and facilitates the achievements of the goals. Community leaders and researchers became a team and develop a relationship in which commitment and empowerment facilitated the participation in all aspects of the research process. This initiative could be a useful tool for researchers, especially in low-middle income countries, to start research in a community, achieve objectives in a viable form, and open opportunities to further studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02891-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Aguilar-González
- Foundation for Children With Kidney Disease -FUNDANIER-, 6 avenida 9-18 zona 10, torre 1, Oficina 804, Edificio Sixtino 2, Guatemala, 01010, Guatemala.
| | - Randall Lou-Meda
- Foundation for Children With Kidney Disease -FUNDANIER-, 6 avenida 9-18 zona 10, torre 1, Oficina 804, Edificio Sixtino 2, Guatemala, 01010, Guatemala
| | - André Chocó-Cedillos
- Foundation for Children With Kidney Disease -FUNDANIER-, 6 avenida 9-18 zona 10, torre 1, Oficina 804, Edificio Sixtino 2, Guatemala, 01010, Guatemala
| | - Louise Moist
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.,Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada
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Cola PA, Wang Y. Discovering Factors that Influence Physician Scientist Success in Academic Medical Centers. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1433-1446. [PMID: 35737579 DOI: 10.1177/10497323221108639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated factors influencing success of physician scientists in Academic Medical Centers. These organizations and individuals drive healthcare in the United States. Translation of scientific discovery to medical practice moves at an astoundingly slow and ineffective rate. We must understand what contributes to physician scientist success to speed up translation. Through a lens of dialectic process theory, a grounded theory approach identified emergent factors from lived experiences of 31 individuals, at various experience levels, with MD and PhD degrees. Role balance, autonomy, organizational support, teamwork, life-cycle mentorship, and relational capacity were relevant factors impacting success. Role balance was important for success. Teamwork, organizational support, and life-cycle mentorship helped individuals grow, achieve balance, and respect, but relational capacity emerged as a critical driver for realizing both individual and organizational success. One person cannot execute these complex roles on their own, but development of deep and meaningful relationships through teamwork, collaboration, and life-cycle mentorship are essential for life satisfaction and success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Cola
- Departments of Design and Innovation and Organizational Behavior, Weatherhead School of Management, and Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, 33851Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yunmei Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Weatherhead School of Management, 12304Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Proctor E, Ramsey AT, Saldana L, Maddox TM, Chambers DA, Brownson RC. FAST: A Framework to Assess Speed of Translation of Health Innovations to Practice and Policy. GLOBAL IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 2:107-119. [PMID: 35669171 PMCID: PMC9161655 DOI: 10.1007/s43477-022-00045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The 17-year time span between discovery and application of evidence in practice has become a unifying challenge for implementation science and translational science more broadly. Further, global pandemics and social crises demand timely implementation of rapidly accruing evidence to reduce morbidity and mortality. Yet speed remains an understudied metric in implementation science. Prevailing evaluations of implementation lack a temporal aspect, and current approaches have not yielded rapid implementation. In this paper, we address speed as an important conceptual and methodological gap in implementation science. We aim to untangle the complexities of studying implementation speed, offer a framework to assess speed of translation (FAST), and provide guidance to measure speed in evaluating implementation. To facilitate specification and reporting on metrics of speed, we encourage consideration of stakeholder perspectives (e.g., comparison of varying priorities), referents (e.g., speed in attaining outcomes, transitioning between implementation phases), and observation windows (e.g., time from intervention development to first patient treated) in its measurement. The FAST framework identifies factors that may influence speed of implementation and potential effects of implementation speed. We propose a research agenda to advance understanding of the pace of implementation, including identifying accelerators and inhibitors to speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enola Proctor
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Alex T. Ramsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Lisa Saldana
- Oregon Social Learning Center, Eugene, OR 97401 USA
| | - Thomas M. Maddox
- Healthcare Innovation Lab, BJC HealthCare/Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - David A. Chambers
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ross C. Brownson
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Sampson R, Shapiro S, He W, Denmark S, Kirchoff K, Hutson K, Paranal R, Forney L, McGhee K, Harvey J. An integrated approach to improve clinical trial efficiency: Linking a clinical trial management system into the Research Integrated Network of Systems. J Clin Transl Sci 2022; 6:e63. [PMID: 35720964 PMCID: PMC9161043 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-accruing clinical trials delay translation of research breakthroughs into the clinic, expose participants to risk without providing meaningful clinical insight, increase the cost of therapies, and waste limited resources. By tracking patient accrual, Clinical and Translational Science Awards hubs can identify at-risk studies and provide them the support needed to reach recruitment goals and maintain financial solvency. However, tracking accrual has proved challenging because relevant patient- and protocol-level data often reside in siloed systems. To address this fragmentation, in September 2020 the South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute, with an academic home at the Medical University of South Carolina, implemented a clinical trial management system (CTMS), with its access to patient-level data, and incorporated it into its Research Integrated Network of Systems (RINS), which links study-level data across disparate systems relevant to clinical research. Within the first year of CTMS implementation, 324 protocols were funneled through CTMS/RINS, with more than 2600 participants enrolled. Integrated data from CTMS/RINS have enabled near-real-time assessment of patient accrual and accelerated reimbursement from industry sponsors. For institutions with bioinformatics or programming capacity, the CTMS/RINS integration provides a powerful model for tracking and improving clinical trial efficiency, compliance, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royce Sampson
- South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Office of Clinical Research, Office of the Vice President for Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Steve Shapiro
- Office of Clinical Research, Office of the Vice President for Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Wenjun He
- South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Signe Denmark
- South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Office of Clinical Research, Office of the Vice President for Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Katie Kirchoff
- South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kyle Hutson
- South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Office of Clinical Research, Office of the Vice President for Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rechelle Paranal
- South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Leila Forney
- South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Office of Clinical Research, Office of the Vice President for Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kimberly McGhee
- South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Academic Affairs Faculty, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jillian Harvey
- South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Ravyn D, Goodwin B, Lowney R, Chapman A. Translating Clinical Research to Clinical Care in Nephrology: A Qualitative Study of Nephrology Clinicians. Kidney Med 2022; 4:100459. [PMID: 35518834 PMCID: PMC9065881 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Study Design Setting & Participants Analytical Approach Results Limitations Conclusions
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Meeker D, Fu P, Garcia G, Dyer IE, Yadav K, Fleishman R, Yee HF. Establishing a research informatics program in a public healthcare system: a case report with model documents. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 29:694-700. [PMID: 35289368 PMCID: PMC8922175 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocab226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
While much is known about governance models for research informatics programs in academic medical centers and similarly situated cancer centers, community and public health systems have been less well-characterized. As part of implementing an enterprise research governance framework, leaders in the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services established a research informatics program, including research data warehousing. The strategy is focused on high-priority, patient-centered research that leverages the investment in health IT and an efficient, sustained contribution from 2 affiliated Clinical Translational Sciences Institutes. This case study describes the foundational governance framework and policies that were developed. We share the results of several years of planning, implementation, and operations of an academically funded research informatics service core embedded in a large, multicenter county health system. We include herein a Supplementary Appendix of governance documents that may serve as pragmatic models for similar initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Meeker
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Gary Garcia
- Department of Health Services, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Irene E Dyer
- Department of Health Services, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kabir Yadav
- Department of Health Services, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ross Fleishman
- Department of Health Services, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hal F Yee
- Department of Health Services, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Correia G, Pereira M, Gomes A, Bragança MDR, Weber S, Ferreira MA, Ribeiro L. Predictors of Medical Students’ Views toward Research: Insights from a Cross-Cultural Study among Portuguese-Speaking Countries. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020336. [PMID: 35206950 PMCID: PMC8871854 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing the skills and interest in scientific research of medical students is crucial to ensuring effective healthcare systems. As such, in this study, we aimed to assess Portuguese-speaking medical students’ attitudes and perceptions toward scientific research and clinical practice, and how they are influenced by individual characteristics and regional indicators. A total of 455 first-year students from three medical schools in three countries (Portugal, Brazil, and Angola) participated in this study by completing a questionnaire. Portuguese students attributed the most importance to scientific skills and were the most confident in their ability to perform these skills. Angolan students were the most motivated to perform research and integrate it into the curriculum, despite having the most negative attitudes and perceiving themselves as having less ability to perform scientific skills. Brazilian students had the least positive attitudes toward science. In Portugal, attitudes depended on gross domestic product (GDP), while in Angola, they were influenced by the type of secondary school attendance. Portuguese students’ perceptions of scientific skills were related to sex, GDP, type of secondary school, and participation in research. In Brazilian and Angolan students, perceptions were associated with age and research participation, respectively. The findings support the need to promote skills and positive attitudes toward scientific research in future physicians, fostering physician-scientists and improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Correia
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (G.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Margarida Pereira
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (G.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (M.A.F.)
- Centre for Research on Pandemics & Society, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreia Gomes
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (G.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Maria do Rosário Bragança
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Katyavala Bwila (FMUKB), Benguela 1725, Angola;
- Faculty of Medicine, University Agostinho Neto, Luanda 64346, Angola
| | - Silke Weber
- Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo University, Botucatu 05508-220, Brazil;
| | - Maria Amélia Ferreira
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (G.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (G.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (M.A.F.)
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426994
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Alsiri NF, Alansari FH, Sadeq AH. The barriers of scientific research in physiotherapy. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 17:537-547. [PMID: 35983442 PMCID: PMC9356374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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Bernstam EV, Shireman PK, Meric‐Bernstam F, N. Zozus M, Jiang X, Brimhall BB, Windham AK, Schmidt S, Visweswaran S, Ye Y, Goodrum H, Ling Y, Barapatre S, Becich MJ. Artificial intelligence in clinical and translational science: Successes, challenges and opportunities. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:309-321. [PMID: 34706145 PMCID: PMC8841416 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming many domains, including finance, agriculture, defense, and biomedicine. In this paper, we focus on the role of AI in clinical and translational research (CTR), including preclinical research (T1), clinical research (T2), clinical implementation (T3), and public (or population) health (T4). Given the rapid evolution of AI in CTR, we present three complementary perspectives: (1) scoping literature review, (2) survey, and (3) analysis of federally funded projects. For each CTR phase, we addressed challenges, successes, failures, and opportunities for AI. We surveyed Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs regarding AI projects at their institutions. Nineteen of 63 CTSA hubs (30%) responded to the survey. The most common funding source (48.5%) was the federal government. The most common translational phase was T2 (clinical research, 40.2%). Clinicians were the intended users in 44.6% of projects and researchers in 32.3% of projects. The most common computational approaches were supervised machine learning (38.6%) and deep learning (34.2%). The number of projects steadily increased from 2012 to 2020. Finally, we analyzed 2604 AI projects at CTSA hubs using the National Institutes of Health Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools (RePORTER) database for 2011-2019. We mapped available abstracts to medical subject headings and found that nervous system (16.3%) and mental disorders (16.2) were the most common topics addressed. From a computational perspective, big data (32.3%) and deep learning (30.0%) were most common. This work represents a snapshot in time of the role of AI in the CTSA program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmer V. Bernstam
- School of Biomedical InformaticsThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Division of General Internal MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineMcGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Paula K. Shireman
- Departments of Surgery and MicrobiologyImmunology & Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- University HealthSan AntonioTexasUSA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Funda Meric‐Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer TherapeuticsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Meredith N. Zozus
- Division of Clinical Research InformaticsDepartment of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- School of Biomedical InformaticsThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Bradley B. Brimhall
- University HealthSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Ashley K. Windham
- University HealthSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Shyam Visweswaran
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ye Ye
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Heath Goodrum
- School of Biomedical InformaticsThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yaobin Ling
- School of Biomedical InformaticsThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Seemran Barapatre
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Michael J. Becich
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Eilayyan O, Thomas A, Hallé MC, Tibbles AC, Jacobs C, Ahmed S, Schneider MJ, Al Zoubi F, Lee J, Myrtos D, Long CR, Bussieres A. Promoting the use of a self-management strategy among novice chiropractors treating individuals with spine pain: A mixed methods pilot clustered-clinical trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262825. [PMID: 35061845 PMCID: PMC8782363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The uptake of Self-Management Support (SMS) among clinicians is suboptimal. To date, few studies have tested knowledge translation (KT) interventions to increase the application of SMS in chiropractic teaching clinics. Study objective Evaluate the feasibility of implementing a KT intervention to promote the use of a SMS strategy among chiropractic interns, their supervisors, and individuals with spine pain compared to controls. Methods Mixed methods pilot clustered-clinical trial. Clusters of 16 Patient Management Teams were allocated to a complex KT intervention (online and workshop training). Primary feasibility outcomes for clinicians, interns and patients were rates of recruitment, retention, and adherence to protocol. A nominal group technique and interviews were used to seek end-users’ views on the implementation process, and generate possible solutions. Results In total, 16 (84%) clinicians, 65 (26%) interns and 42 patients agreed to participate. All clinicians in the intervention group completed all KT intervention components, 23 interns (85%) completed the online training and 14 interns (51.8%) attended the workshop training. All clinicians in the intervention and seven (78%) in the control group completed all outcome measures at baseline and 6-month follow-up, while 15 (55.6%) and 23 (60.5%) interns in the intervention and control groups completed the questionnaires at baseline and 6-month follow-up, respectively. Among patients, 10 (52.6%) and 12 (52.2%) in the intervention and control groups respectively completed the questionnaires at the end of the study. Based on interview findings, solutions to improve the feasibility of conducting a full trial include: making SMS a part of the internship, changing the time of introducing the study to the interns, and having more training on SMS. Conclusion Recruitment and retention of chiropractic interns and patients for a larger implementation trial in a single outpatient teaching clinic may be challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owis Eilayyan
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Aliki Thomas
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Hallé
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Craig Jacobs
- Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Ahmed
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael J. Schneider
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fadi Al Zoubi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Joyce Lee
- Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danny Myrtos
- Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia R. Long
- Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Andre Bussieres
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Quebec, Canada
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44
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Cohen JB, Yang W, Li L, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Orlandi P, Bansal N, Deo R, Lash JP, Rahman M, He J, Shafi T, Chen J, Cohen DL, Matsushita K, Shlipak MG, Wolf M, Go AS, Feldman HI. Time-Updated Changes in Estimated GFR and Proteinuria and Major Adverse Cardiac Events: Findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2022; 79:36-44.e1. [PMID: 34052355 PMCID: PMC8627522 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Evaluating repeated measures of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR) over time may enhance our ability to understand the association between changes in kidney parameters and cardiovascular disease risk. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Annual visit data from 2,438 participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC). EXPOSURES Average and slope of eGFR and UPCR in time-updated, 1-year exposure windows. OUTCOMES Incident heart failure, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events, death, and a composite of incident heart failure, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events, and death. ANALYTICAL APPROACH A landmark analysis, a dynamic approach to survival modeling that leverages longitudinal, iterative profiles of laboratory and clinical information to assess the time-updated 3-year risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. RESULTS Adjusting for baseline and time-updated covariates, every standard deviation lower mean eGFR (19mL/min/1.73m2) and declining slope of eGFR (8mL/min/1.73m2 per year) were independently associated with higher risks of heart failure (hazard ratios [HRs] of 1.82 [95% CI, 1.39-2.44] and 1.28 [95% CI, 1.12-1.45], respectively) and the composite outcome (HRs of 1.32 [95% CI, 1.11-1.54] and 1.11 [95% CI, 1.03-1.20], respectively). Every standard deviation higher mean UPCR (136mg/g) and increasing UPCR (240mg/g per year) were also independently associated with higher risks of heart failure (HRs of 1.58 [95% CI, 1.28-1.97] and 1.20 [95% CI, 1.10-1.29], respectively) and the composite outcome (HRs of 1.33 [95% CI, 1.17-1.50] and 1.12 [95% CI, 1.06-1.18], respectively). LIMITATIONS Limited generalizability of annual eGFR and UPCR assessments; several biomarkers for cardiovascular disease risk were not available annually. CONCLUSIONS Using the landmark approach to account for time-updated patterns of kidney function, average and slope of eGFR and proteinuria were independently associated with 3-year cardiovascular risk. Short-term changes in kidney function provide information about cardiovascular risk incremental to level of kidney function, representing possible opportunities for more effective management of patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana B. Cohen
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zihe Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paula Orlandi
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nisha Bansal
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington
| | - Rajat Deo
- Division of Cardiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James P. Lash
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mahboob Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Case Western University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA,Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tariq Shafi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA,Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Debbie L. Cohen
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Myles Wolf
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Alan S. Go
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Harold I. Feldman
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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45
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Liberman AL, Lendaris AR, Cheng NT, Kaban NL, Rostanski SK, Esenwa C, Kummer BR, Labovitz DL, Prabhakaran S, Friedman BW. Treating High-Risk TIA and Minor Stroke Patients With Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A National Survey of Emergency Medicine Physicians. Neurohospitalist 2022; 12:13-18. [PMID: 34950381 PMCID: PMC8689540 DOI: 10.1177/19418744211022190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with aspirin plus clopidogrel, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), within 24 hours of high-risk transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke symptoms to eligible patients is recommended by national guidelines. Whether or not this treatment has been adopted by emergency medicine (EM) physicians is uncertain. METHODS We conducted an online survey of EM physicians in the United States. The survey consisted of 13 multiple choice questions regarding physician characteristics, practice settings, and usual approach to TIA and minor stroke treatment. We report participant characteristics and use chi-squared tests to compare between groups. RESULTS We included 162 participants in the final study analysis. 103 participants (64%) were in practice for >5 years and 96 (59%) were at nonacademic centers; all were EM board-certified or board-eligible. Only 9 (6%) participants reported that they would start DAPT for minor stroke and 8 (5%) reported that they would start DAPT after high-risk TIA. Aspirin alone was the selected treatment by 81 (50%) participants for minor stroke patients who presented within 24 hours of symptom onset and were not candidates for thrombolysis. For minor stroke, 69 (43%) participants indicated that they would defer medical management to consultants or another team. Similarly, 75 (46%) of participants chose aspirin alone to treat high-risk TIA; 74 (46%) reported they would defer medical management after TIA to consultants or another team. CONCLUSION In a survey of EM physicians, we found that the reported rate of DAPT treatment for eligible patients with high-risk TIA and minor stroke was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava L. Liberman
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA,Ava L. Liberman, Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3316 Rochambeau Avenue, 4th Floor, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
| | - Andrea R. Lendaris
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Natalie T. Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicole L. Kaban
- Department of Medicine, Section of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sara K. Rostanski
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Charles Esenwa
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Kummer
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Daniel L. Labovitz
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Benjamin W. Friedman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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46
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Sigston EAW. How 3D Printing Is Reshaping Translational Research. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:640611. [PMID: 34957060 PMCID: PMC8703123 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.640611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
"Translational Research" has traditionally been defined as taking basic scientific findings and developing new diagnostic tools, drugs, devices and treatment options for patients, that are translated into practice, reach the people and populations for whom they are intended and are implemented correctly. The implication is of a unidirectional flow from "the bench to bedside". The rapidly emergent field of additive manufacturing (3D printing) is contributing to a major shift in translational medical research. This includes the concept of bidirectional or reverse translation, early collaboration between clinicians, bio-engineers and basic scientists, and an increasingly entrepreneurial mindset. This coincides with, and is strongly complemented by, the rise of systems biology. The rapid pace at which this type of translational research can occur brings a variety of potential pitfalls and ethical concerns. Regulation surrounding implantable medical devices is struggling to keep up. 3D printing has opened the way for personalization which can make clinical outcomes hard to assess and risks putting the individual before the community. In some instances, novelty and hype has led to loss of transparency of outcomes with dire consequence. Collaboration with commercial partners has potential for conflict of interest. Nevertheless, 3D printing has dramatically changed the landscape of translational research. With early recognition and management of the potential risks, the benefits of reshaping the approach to translational research are enormous. This impact will extend into many other areas of biomedical research, re-establishing that science is more than a body of research. It is a way of thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A W Sigston
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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47
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Kiparoglou V, Brown LA, McShane H, Channon KM, Shah SGS. A large National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre facilitates impactful cross-disciplinary and collaborative translational research publications and research collaboration networks: a bibliometric evaluation study. J Transl Med 2021; 19:483. [PMID: 34838033 PMCID: PMC8626935 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The evaluation of translational health research is important for various reasons such as the research impact assessment, research funding allocation, accountability, and strategic research policy formulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the research productivity, strength and diversity of research collaboration networks and impact of research supported by a large biomedical research centre in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods Bibliometric analysis of research publications by translational researchers affiliated with the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) from April 2012 to March 2017. Results Analysis included 2377 translational research publications that were published during the second 5-year funding period of the NIHR Oxford BRC. Author details were available for 99.75% of the publications with DOIs (2359 of 2365 with DOIs), and the number of authors per publication was median 9 (mean = 18.03, SD = 3.63, maximum = 2467 authors). Author lists also contained many consortia, groups, committees, and teams (n = 165 in total), with 1238 additional contributors, where membership was reported. The BRC co-authorship i.e., research collaboration network for these publications involved 20,229 nodes (authors, of which 1606 nodes had Oxford affiliations), and approximately 4.3 million edges (authorship linkages). Articles with a valid DOIs (2365 of 2377, 99.5%) were collectively cited more than 155,000 times and the average Field Citation Ratio was median 6.75 (geometric mean = 7.12) while the average Relative Citation Ratio was median 1.50 (geometric mean = 1.83) for the analysed publications. Conclusions The NIHR Oxford BRC generated substantial translational research publications and facilitated a huge collaborative network of translational researchers working in complex structures and consortia, which shows success across the whole of this BRC funding period. Further research involving continued uptake of unique persistent identifiers and the tracking of other research outputs such as clinical innovations and patents would allow a more detailed understanding of large research enterprises such as NIHR BRCs in the UK. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03149-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Kiparoglou
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Laurence A Brown
- Research Support Team, IT Services, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Helen McShane
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Syed Ghulam Sarwar Shah
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK. .,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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48
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Williams M. Improving Translational Paradigms in Drug Discovery and Development. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e273. [PMID: 34780124 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite improved knowledge regarding disease causality, new drug targets, and enabling technologies, the attrition rate for compounds entering clinical trials has remained consistently high for several decades, with an average 90% failure rate. These failures are manifested in an inability to reproduce efficacy findings from animal models in humans and/or the occurrence of unexpected safety issues, and reflect failures in T1 translation. Similarly, an inability to sequentially demonstrate compound efficacy and safety in Phase IIa, IIb, and III clinical trials represents failures in T2 translation. Accordingly, T1 and T2 translation are colloquially termed 'valleys of death'. Since T2 translation dealt almost exclusively with clinical trials, T3 and T4 translational steps were added, with the former focused on facilitating interactions between laboratory- and population-based research and the latter on 'real world' health outcomes. Factors that potentially lead to T1/T2 compound attrition include: the absence of biomarkers to allow compound effects to be consistently tracked through development; a lack of integration/'de-siloing' of the diverse discipline-based and technical skill sets involved in drug discovery; the industrialization of drug discovery, which via volume-based goals often results in quantity being prioritized over quality; inadequate project governance and strategic oversight; and flawed decision making based on unreliable/irreproducible or incomplete data. A variety of initiatives have addressed this problem, including the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), which has focused on bringing an unbiased academic perspective to translation, to potentially revitalize the process. This commentary provides an overview of the basic concepts involved in translation, along with suggested changes in the conduct of biomedical research to avoid valleys of death, including the use of Translational Scoring as a tool to avoid translational attrition and the impact of the FDA Accelerated Approval Pathway in lowering the hurdle for drug approval. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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49
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McAteer MA, O'Connor JPB, Koh DM, Leung HY, Doran SJ, Jauregui-Osoro M, Muirhead N, Brew-Graves C, Plummer ER, Sala E, Ng T, Aboagye EO, Higgins GS, Punwani S. Introduction to the National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator (NCITA): a UK-wide infrastructure for multicentre clinical translation of cancer imaging biomarkers. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1462-1465. [PMID: 34316019 PMCID: PMC8313668 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator (NCITA) is creating a UK national coordinated infrastructure for accelerated translation of imaging biomarkers for clinical use. Through the development of standardised protocols, data integration tools and ongoing training programmes, NCITA provides a unique scalable infrastructure for imaging biomarker qualification using multicentre clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McAteer
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - J P B O'Connor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - D M Koh
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Y Leung
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S J Doran
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Jauregui-Osoro
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N Muirhead
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Brew-Graves
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - E R Plummer
- Northern Institute for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - E Sala
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and CRUK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Ng
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - G S Higgins
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Punwani
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
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50
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Is it feasible to learn research skills in addition to audit skills through clinical audit? A mixed methods study in general practice. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:2163-2175. [PMID: 34664225 PMCID: PMC8523344 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Involving medical students in research in their undergraduate careers may increase the likelihood that they will be research active after graduation. To date, there has been a paucity of published research of students doing research in general practice. Aim The study aims to evaluate the impact of general practice clinical audits on early-stage graduate entry students’ audit and research self-efficacy and explore feasibility issues from the student and GP perspective. Methods Two student questionnaires (pre- and post-intervention), a qualitative GP survey of the 25 participating GPs and semi-structured interviews of a purposeful sample of GPs were conducted. Results Participating students who completed the follow-up survey found that it had a positive educational impact (55%), increased their understanding of the audit cycle (72%) and real-world prescribing (77%). Research confidence wise, there was a statistically significant difference in the student group who completed the audit project compared to those students who did not in knowledge of the audit cycle and the difference between research and audit (p = 0.001) but not in other research skills. Ninety-six percent of responding GPs would be happy for students to do future audits in their practice but some feasibility issues similar to other research initiatives in general practice were identified. Conclusion We found this audit initiative feasible and useful in helping students learn about audit skills, patient safety and real-world prescribing. GPs and students would benefit more if it were linked to a substantial clinical placement, focussed on a topic of interest and given protected time. Separate research projects may be needed to develop research skills confidence.
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