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Hossin MZ, Kazamia K, Faxén J, Rudolph A, Johansson K, Sandström A, Razaz N. Pre-existing maternal cardiovascular disease and the risk of offspring cardiovascular disease from infancy to early adulthood. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:4111-4123. [PMID: 39228375 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A variety of maternal heart conditions are associated with abnormal placentation and reduced foetal growth. However, their impact on offspring's long-term cardiovascular health is poorly studied. This study aims to investigate the association between intrauterine exposure to pre-existing maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) and offspring CVD occurring from infancy to early adulthood, using paternal CVD as a negative control. METHODS This nationwide cohort study used register data of live singletons without major malformations or congenital heart disease born between 1992 and 2019 in Sweden. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for essential maternal characteristics. Paternal CVD served as a negative control for assessment of unmeasured genetic and environmental confounding. RESULTS Of the 2 597 786 offspring analysed (49.1% female), 26 471 (1.0%) were born to mothers with pre-existing CVD. During a median follow-up of 14 years (range 1-29 years), 17 382 offspring were diagnosed with CVD. Offspring of mothers with CVD had 2.09 times higher adjusted HR of CVD (95% CI 1.83, 2.39) compared with offspring of mothers without CVD. Compared with maternal CVD, paternal CVD showed an association of smaller magnitude (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.32, 1.68). Increased hazards of offspring CVD were also found when stratifying maternal CVD into maternal arrhythmia (HR 2.94, 95% CI 2.41, 3.58), vascular (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.21, 2.10), and structural heart diseases (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.08, 2.02). CONCLUSIONS Maternal CVD was associated with an increased risk of CVD in offspring during childhood and young adulthood. Paternal comparison suggests that genetic or shared familial factors may not fully explain this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zakir Hossin
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, D1: 04, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kalliopi Kazamia
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Stockholm-Uppsala, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Faxén
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Rudolph
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Stockholm-Uppsala, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kari Johansson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, D1: 04, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics, Department of Women's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sandström
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, D1: 04, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics, Department of Women's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neda Razaz
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, D1: 04, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
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Zeljkovic A, Vekic J, Stefanovic A. Obesity and dyslipidemia in early life: Impact on cardiometabolic risk. Metabolism 2024; 156:155919. [PMID: 38653373 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity with its growing prevalence worldwide presents one of the most important health challenges nowadays. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of this condition, as well as in its associations with various cardiometabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings suggest that childhood obesity and associated dyslipidemia at least partly originate from epigenetic modifications that take place in the earliest periods of life, namely prenatal and perinatal periods. Hence, alterations of maternal metabolism could be fundamentally responsible for fetal and neonatal metabolic programming and consequently, for metabolic health of offspring in later life. In this paper, we will review recent findings on the associations among intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to undesirable modulators of metabolism, development of childhood obesity and later cardiometabolic complications. Special attention will be given to maternal dyslipidemia as a driven force for undesirable epigenetic modulations in offspring. In addition, newly proposed lipid biomarkers of increased cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents will be analyzed, with respect to their predictive potential and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mulder JW, Kusters DM, Roeters van Lennep JE, Hutten BA. Lipid metabolism during pregnancy: consequences for mother and child. Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:133-140. [PMID: 38408036 PMCID: PMC11064913 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Accommodating fetal growth and development, women undergo multiple physiological changes during pregnancy. In recent years, several studies contributed to the accumulating evidence about the impact of gestational hyperlipidemia on cardiovascular risk for mother and child. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research on lipid profile alterations during pregnancy and its associated (cardiovascular) outcomes for mother and child from a clinical perspective. RECENT FINDINGS In a normal pregnancy, total and LDL-cholesterol levels increase by approximately 30-50%, HDL-cholesterol by 20-40%, and triglycerides by 50-100%. In some women, for example, with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a more atherogenic lipid profile is observed. Dyslipidemia during pregnancy is found to be associated with adverse (cardiovascular) outcomes for the mother (e.g. preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome, unfavorable lipid profile) and for the child (e.g. preterm birth, large for gestational age, preatherosclerotic lesions, unfavorable lipid profile). SUMMARY The lipid profile of women during pregnancy provides a unique window of opportunity into the potential future cardiovascular risk for mother and child. Better knowledge about adverse outcomes and specific risk groups could lead to better risk assessment and earlier cardiovascular prevention. Future research should investigate implementation of gestational screening possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke W.C.M. Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam
| | | | - Jeanine E. Roeters van Lennep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam
| | - Barbara A. Hutten
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Research Institute, Diabetes & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Habib M, Croyal M, Kaeffer B, Grit I, Castellano B, Gourdel M, Le May C, Thorin C, Nazih H, Ouguerram K. Gestational cholestyramine treatment protects adult offspring of ApoE-deficient mice against maternal-hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14133. [PMID: 38546340 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM Perinatal hypercholesterolemia exacerbates the development of atherosclerotic plaques in adult offspring. Here, we aimed to study the effect of maternal treatment with cholestyramine, a lipid-lowering drug, on atherosclerosis development in adult offspring of hypercholesterolemic ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were treated with 3% cholestyramine (CTY) during gestation (G). After weaning, offspring (CTY-G) were fed control diet until sacrificed at 25weeks of age. Atherosclerosis development in the aortic root of offspring was assessed after oil-red-o staining, along with some of predefined atherosclerosis regulators such as LDL and HDL by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and bile acids (BA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS In pregnant dams, cholestyramine treatment resulted in significantly lower plasma total- and LDL-cholesterol as well as gallbladder total BA levels. In offspring, both males and females born to treated dams displayed reduced atherosclerotic plaques areas along with less lipid deposition in the aortic root. No significant change in plasma total cholesterol or triglycerides was measured in offspring, but CTY-G males had increased HDL-cholesterol and decreased apolipoproteins B100 to A-I ratio. This latter group also showed reduced gallbladder total and specifically tauro-conjugated bile acid pools, whereas for CTY-G females, hydrophilic plasma tauro-conjugated BA pool was significantly higher. They also benefited from lower plasma TMAO. CONCLUSION Prenatal cholestyramine treatment reduces atherosclerosis development in adult offspring of ApoE-/- mice along with modulating the plaques' composition as well as some related biomarkers such as HDL-C, bile acids and TMAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Habib
- UMR1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes Université, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Mikael Croyal
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
- Institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
- UMS 016, UMS 3556, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Kaeffer
- UMR1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes Université, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Grit
- UMR1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes Université, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Blandine Castellano
- UMR1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes Université, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Gourdel
- Institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Le May
- UMS 016, UMS 3556, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes, France
| | - Chantal Thorin
- UMR0703 PAnTher, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation, Nantes, France
| | - Hassan Nazih
- UR2160 ISOMer, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- UMR1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes Université, INRAE, Nantes, France
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Benincasa G, Napoli C, DeMeo DL. Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Network Medicine Perspective. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:617-630. [PMID: 38409452 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ability to identify early epigenetic signatures underlying the inheritance of cardiovascular risk, including trans- and intergenerational effects, may help to stratify people before cardiac symptoms occur. METHODS Prospective and retrospective cohorts and case-control studies focusing on DNA methylation and maternal/paternal effects were searched in Pubmed from 1997 to 2023 by using the following keywords: DNA methylation, genomic imprinting, and network analysis in combination with transgenerational/intergenerational effects. RESULTS Maternal and paternal exposures to traditional cardiovascular risk factors during critical temporal windows, including the preconceptional period or early pregnancy, may perturb the plasticity of the epigenome (mainly DNA methylation) of the developing fetus especially at imprinted loci, such as the insulin-like growth factor type 2 (IGF2) gene. Thus, the epigenome is akin to a "molecular archive" able to memorize parental environmental insults and predispose an individual to cardiovascular diseases onset in later life. Direct evidence for human transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (at least three generations) of cardiovascular risk is lacking but it is supported by epidemiological studies. Several blood-based association studies showed potential intergenerational epigenetic effects (single-generation studies) which may mediate the transmittance of cardiovascular risk from parents to offspring. DISCUSSION In this narrative review, we discuss some relevant examples of trans- and intergenerational epigenetic associations with cardiovascular risk. In our perspective, we propose three network-oriented approaches which may help to clarify the unsolved issues regarding transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of cardiovascular risk and provide potential early biomarkers for primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Skinner MK. Epigenetic biomarkers for disease susceptibility and preventative medicine. Cell Metab 2024; 36:263-277. [PMID: 38176413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of molecular biomarkers for disease makes it possible for preventative medicine approaches to be considered. Therefore, therapeutics, treatments, or clinical management can be used to delay or prevent disease development. The problem with genetic mutations as biomarkers is the low frequency with genome-wide association studies (GWASs), generally at best a 1% association of the patients with the disease. In contrast, epigenetic alterations have a high-frequency association of greater than 90%-95% of individuals with pathology in epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs). A wide variety of human diseases have been shown to have epigenetic biomarkers that are disease specific and that detect pathology susceptibility. This review is focused on the epigenetic biomarkers for disease susceptibility, and it distinct from the large literature on epigenetics of disease etiology or progression. The development of efficient epigenetic biomarkers for disease susceptibility will facilitate a paradigm shift from reactionary medicine to preventative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA.
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Ding FF, Li M, Wang T, Zhou NN, Qiao F, Du ZY, Zhang ML. Influence of dietary sodium taurocholate on the growth performance and liver health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:319-330. [PMID: 36044098 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are a class of cholesterol-derived amphipathic molecules approved as new animal feed additives. However, the functional researches mainly focused on BAs mixture, and the influence of the individual BA on fishes was still limited. In the present study, Nile tilapia were fed basal diet with three levels of sodium taurocholate at 0 mg/kg (CON), 300 mg/kg (TCAL), and 600 mg/kg (TCAH) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that addition of sodium taurocholate did not significantly influence the growth performance. Instead, TCAH group had higher cholesterol accumulation with liver fibrosis. In TCAH group, the level of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (nrf2) signaling-associated oxidative stress factors significantly increased in the liver. Additionally, fish in TCAH group had the highest expression level of genes encoding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammatory cytokines in the liver. In conclusion, 300 mg/kg of sodium taurocholate did not significantly influence the growth performance of fish, while 600 mg/kg of sodium taurocholate markedly induced cholesterol accumulation and liver injury, suggesting that the application of taurocholic acid in aquafeed should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Ding
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhou
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Wang G, Jiang G, Peng R, Wang Y, Li J, Sima Y, Xu S. Multi-omics integrative analysis revealed characteristic changes in blood cell immunity and amino acid metabolism in a silkworm model of hyperproteinemia. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128809. [PMID: 38128801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyperproteinemia is a serious metabolic disease of both humans and animals characterized by an abnormally high plasma protein concentration (HPPC). Although hyperproteinemia can cause an imbalance in blood cell homeostasis, the functional changes to blood cells remain unclear. Here, a HPPC silkworm model was used to assess changes to the chromatin accessibility and transcript levels of genes related to blood cell metabolism and immune function. The results showed that HPPC enhanced phagocytosis of blood cells, increased chromatin accessibility and transcript levels of genes involved in cell phagocytosis, proliferation, stress, and programmed death, while genes associated with aromatic amino acid metabolism, and antibacterial peptide synthesis were inhibited in blood cells. Further analysis of the chromatin accessibility of the promoter region found that the high chromatin accessibility of genes sensitive to HPPC, was related to histone modifications, including tri-methylation of lysine residue 4 of histone H3 and acetylation of lysine residue 27 of histone H3. Changes to the chromatin accessibility and transcript levels of genes related to immune function and amino acid metabolism in the blood cells of the HPPC silkworm model provided useful references for future studies of the mechanisms underlying epigenomic regulation mediated by hyperproteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guihua Jiang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruji Peng
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianglan Li
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanghu Sima
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shiqing Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Benincasa G, Suades R, Padró T, Badimon L, Napoli C. Bioinformatic platforms for clinical stratification of natural history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2023; 9:758-769. [PMID: 37562936 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Although bioinformatic methods gained a lot of attention in the latest years, their use in real-world studies for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) is still lacking. Bioinformatic resources have been applied to thousands of individuals from the Framingham Heart Study as well as health care-associated biobanks such as the UK Biobank, the Million Veteran Program, and the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium and randomized controlled trials (i.e. ODYSSEY, FOURIER, ASPREE, and PREDIMED). These studies contributed to the development of polygenic risk scores (PRS), which emerged as novel potent genetic-oriented tools, able to calculate the individual risk of ASCVD and to predict the individual response to therapies such as statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor. ASCVD are the first cause of death around the world including coronary heart disease (CHD), peripheral artery disease, and stroke. To achieve the goal of precision medicine and personalized therapy, advanced bioinformatic platforms are set to link clinically useful indices to heterogeneous molecular data, mainly epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. The DIANA study found that differential methylation of ABCA1, TCF7, PDGFA, and PRKCZ significantly discriminated patients with acute coronary syndrome from healthy subjects and their expression levels positively associated with CK-MB serum concentrations. The ARIC Study revealed several plasma proteins, acting or not in lipid metabolism, with a potential role in determining the different pleiotropic effects of statins in each subject. The implementation of molecular high-throughput studies and bioinformatic techniques into traditional cardiovascular risk prediction scores is emerging as a more accurate practice to stratify patients earlier in life and to favour timely and tailored risk reduction strategies. Of note, radiogenomics aims to combine imaging features extracted for instance by coronary computed tomography angiography and molecular biomarkers to create CHD diagnostic algorithms useful to characterize atherosclerotic lesions and myocardial abnormalities. The current view is that such platforms could be of clinical value for prevention, risk stratification, and treatment of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', 80138 Naples, Italy
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute of Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Avinguda Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Pavelló 11 (Antic Convent), 08049 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute of Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Avinguda Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Pavelló 11 (Antic Convent), 08049 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute of Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Avinguda Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Pavelló 11 (Antic Convent), 08049 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute of Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Avinguda Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Pavelló 11 (Antic Convent), 08049 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', 80138 Naples, Italy
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Mourre F, Giorgi R, Gallo A, Boccara F, Bruckert E, Carrié A, Hankard R, Inamo J, Laboureau S, Moulin P, Valéro R, Béliard S, Cariou B, Carreau V, Charrieres S, Cottin Y, Di Filippo M, Ducluzeau PH, Dulong S, Durlach V, Farnier M, Ferrari E, Ferrieres D, Ferrieres J, Kalmykova O, Krempf M, Lemale J, Paillard F, Peretti N, Perrin A, Pradignac A, Rabes JP, Rigalleau V, Schiele F, Sultan A, Tounian P, Verges B, Yelnik C, Ziegler O. Maternal Inheritance of Familial Hypercholesterolemia Gene Mutation Predisposes to Coronary Atherosclerosis as Assessed by Calcium Score in Adulthood. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e94-e103. [PMID: 36579650 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies have demonstrated that fetal exposure to high maternal cholesterol levels during pregnancy predisposes to aortic atheroma in the offspring. In humans, little is known about the consequences of this exposure on the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life. We wanted to assess whether maternal/paternal inheritance of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) gene mutation could be associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS We retrospectively included 1350 patients, followed in the French registry of FH, with a documented genetic diagnosis. We selected 556 age- and sex-matched pair of patients based on the sex of the parents who transmitted the FH gene mutation, free of coronary cardiovascular event, and with a subclinical coronary atherosclerosis evaluation assessed using coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis to assess the individual effect of parental inheritance of the FH gene mutation on the CAC score. RESULTS In the whole population, patients with maternal inheritance of FH gene mutation (n=639) less frequently had a family history of premature cardiovascular events (27.7% versus 45%, P<0.0001) and were 2 years older (46.9±16.8 versus 44.7±15.9 years old, P=0.02) than those with paternal inheritance (n=711). There was no difference in the prevalence of cardiovascular events between the two groups. In the matched subgroup, maternal inheritance was significantly associated with an increase in CAC score value by 86% (95% CI, 23%-170%; P=0.003), a 1.81-fold risk of having a CAC score ≥100 Agatston units (95% CI, 1.06-3.11; P=0.03), and a 2.72-fold risk of having a CAC score ≥400 Agatston units (95% CI, 1.39-5.51; P=0.004) when compared with paternal inheritance in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Maternal inheritance of FH gene mutation was associated with more severe subclinical coronary atherosclerosis assessed by CAC score and may be considered as a potential cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mourre
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France (F.M., R.V., S.B.).,Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France (F.M., R.V., S.B.)
| | - Roch Giorgi
- Aix Marseille University, APHM, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Hop Timone, ISSPAM, BioSTIC, Biostatistique et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication, Marseille, France (R.G.)
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Sorbonne University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP.SU, Paris, France (A.G.).,INSERM, UMR-1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (A.G.)
| | - Franck Boccara
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°22, C²MV-Complications Cardiovasculaires et Métaboliques Chez les Patients Vivant Avec le Virus de l'immunodéficience Humaine, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), AP-HP, Hôpitaux de l'Est Parisien, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (F.B.)
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Service Endocrinologie Métabolisme et Prévention Cardiovasculaire, Institut E3M et IHU Cardiométabolique, Sorbonne Université et Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Alain Carrié
- Department of Biochemistry, Obesity and Dyslipidemia Genetics Unit, Sorbonne University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (A.C.)
| | - Regis Hankard
- UMR INSERM U 1069 - Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer (N2C) - UFR de Médecine, Tours, France (R.H.)
| | - Jocelyn Inamo
- EA 7525, University Hospital of Martinique, France (J.I.)
| | | | - Philippe Moulin
- CarMen Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France (P.M.).,Fédération d'endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Louis Pradel, GHE, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France (P.M.)
| | - René Valéro
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France (F.M., R.V., S.B.).,Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France (F.M., R.V., S.B.)
| | - Sophie Béliard
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France (F.M., R.V., S.B.).,Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France (F.M., R.V., S.B.)
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11
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Accumulating evidence indicates that coronary heart disease (CHD) contributes to the majority of cardiovascular deaths. With the development of precision medicine, the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease are becoming more refined and individualized. Molecular diagnosis technology and individualized treatment are gradually applied to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHD. It is great significance to seek sensitive biological indicators to help early diagnosis and improve prognosis of CHD. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive technique, which is widely used to detect molecular biomarkers of tumors without invasive biopsy. Compared with the field of oncology, it is not easy to get the diseased tissue in CVD, especially CHD. Therefore, the idea of "fluid biopsy" is very attractive, and its progress may provide new and useful noninvasive indicators for CHD. By analyzing circulating cells or their products in blood, saliva, and urine samples, we can investigate the molecular changes that occur in each patient at a specific point in time, thus continuously monitoring the evolution of CHD. For example, the assessment of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels may help predict the severity of acute myocardial infarction and diagnose heart transplant rejection. Moreover, the unmethylated FAM101A gene may specifically track the cfDNA derived from cardiomyocyte death, which provides a powerful diagnostic biomarker for apoptosis during ischemia. In addition, the changes of plasma circulating miR-92 levels may predict the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) onset in patients with diabetes. Liquid biopsy can reflect the disease state through patients' body fluids and may noninvasively provide dynamic and rich molecular information related to CHD. It has great application potential in early warning and auxiliary diagnosis, real-time monitoring of curative effect, medication guidance and exploration of drug resistance mechanism, prognosis judgment, and risk classification of CHD. This chapter will review the latest progress of liquid biopsy in accurate diagnosis and treatment of CHD, meanwhile explore the application status and clinical prospect of liquid biopsy in CHD, in order to improve the importance of precision medicine and personalized treatment in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Schiano C, Balbi C, Burrello J, Ruocco A, Infante T, Fiorito C, Panella S, Barile L, Mauro C, Vassalli G, Napoli C. De novo DNA methylation induced by circulating extracellular vesicles from acute coronary syndrome patients. Atherosclerosis 2022; 354:41-52. [PMID: 35830762 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS DNA methylation is associated with gene silencing, but its clinical role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized that extracellular vesicles (EVs) may carry epigenetic changes, showing themselves as a potentially valuable non-invasive diagnostic liquid biopsy. We isolated and characterized circulating EVs of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and assessed their role on DNA methylation in epigenetic modifications. METHODS EVs were recovered from plasma of 19 ACS patients and 50 healthy subjects (HS). Flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and Western blot (WB) were performed to evaluate both intra-vesicular and intra-cellular signals. ShinyGO, PANTHER, and STRING tools were used to perform GO and PPI network analyses. RESULTS ACS-derived EVs showed increased levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) (p<0.001) and Ten-eleven translocation (TET) genes reduction. Specifically, de novo methylation transcripts, as DNMT3A and DNMT3B, were significantly increased in plasma ACS-EVs. DNA methylation analysis on PBMCs from healthy donors treated with HS- and ACS-derived EVs showed an important role of DNMTs carried by EVs. PPI network analysis evidenced that ACS-EVs induced changes in PBMC methylome. In the most enriched subnetwork, the hub gene SRC was connected to NOTCH1, FOXO3, CDC42, IKBKG, RXRA, DGKG, BAIAP2 genes that were showed to have many molecular effects on various cell types into onset of several CVDs. Modulation in gene expression after ACS-EVs treatment was confirmed for SRC, NOTCH1, FOXO3, RXRA, DGKG and BAIAP2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed an important role for ACS-derived EVs in gene expression modulation through de novo DNA methylation signals, and modulating signalling pathways in target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology lab Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratories for Translation Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology lab Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratories for Translation Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- Laboratories for Translation Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Ruocco
- Unit of Cardiovascular Diseases and Arrhythmias, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Infante
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Panella
- Laboratories for Translation Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratories for Translation Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ciro Mauro
- Unit of Cardiovascular Diseases and Arrhythmias, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology lab Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratories for Translation Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Naples, Italy
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13
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Briana DD, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Effect of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Hypercholesterolemia on Fetal Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The Role of Epigenetics. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2022; 20:379-380. [PMID: 36123823 DOI: 10.2174/1570161120666220804090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Despina D Briana
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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14
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Benincasa G, Coscioni E, Napoli C. Cardiovascular risk factors and molecular routes underlying endothelial dysfunction: Novel opportunities for primary prevention. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Increased Circulating Levels of PCSK9 and Pro-Atherogenic Lipoprotein Profile in Pregnant Women with Maternal Supraphysiological Hypercholesterolemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050869. [PMID: 35624732 PMCID: PMC9137759 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia (MPH) occurs during pregnancy to assure fetal development. Some pregnant women develop maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH) characterized by increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). We aim to determine if proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels (a protein that regulate the availability of LDL receptor in the cells surface), as well as the composition and function of LDL, are modulated in MSPH women. This study included 122 pregnant women. Maternal total cholesterol (TC), LDL, triglycerides and PCSK9 increased from first (T1) to third trimester (T3) in MPH women. At T3, maternal TC, LDL, PCSK9 and placental abundances of PCSK9 were significantly higher in MPSH compared to MPH. Circulating PCSK9 levels were correlated with LDL at T3. In MSPH women, the levels of lipid peroxidation and oxidized LDL were significantly higher compared to MPH. LDL isolated from MSPH women presented significantly higher triglycerides and ApoB but lower levels of ApoAI compared to MPH. The formation of conjugated dienes was earlier in LDL from MSPH and in endothelial cells incubated with these LDLs; the levels of reactive oxygen species were significantly higher compared to LDL from MPH. We conclude that increased maternal PCSK9 would contribute to the maternal elevated levels of pro-atherogenic LDL in MSPH, which could eventually be related to maternal vascular dysfunction.
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16
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Time-Specific Factors Influencing the Development of Asthma in Children. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040758. [PMID: 35453508 PMCID: PMC9025817 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to asthma is complex and heterogeneous, as it involves both genetic and environmental insults (pre- and post-birth) acting in a critical window of development in early life. According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, several factors, both harmful and protective, such as nutrition, diseases, drugs, microbiome, and stressors, interact with genotypic variation to change the capacity of the organism to successfully adapt and grow in later life. In this review, we aim to provide the latest evidence about predictive risk and protective factors for developing asthma in different stages of life, from the fetal period to adolescence, in order to develop strategic preventive and therapeutic interventions to predict and improve health later in life. Our study shows that for some risk factors, such as exposure to cigarette smoke, environmental pollutants, and family history of asthma, the evidence in favor of a strong association of those factors with the development of asthma is solid and widely shared. Similarly, the clear benefits of some protective factors were shown, providing new insights into primary prevention. On the contrary, further longitudinal studies are required, as some points in the literature remain controversial and a source of debate.
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17
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Human Placental Intracellular Cholesterol Transport: A Focus on Lysosomal and Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030500. [PMID: 35326150 PMCID: PMC8944475 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta participates in cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism and regulates exchange between the maternal and fetal compartments. The fetus has high cholesterol requirements, and it is taken up and synthesized at elevated rates during pregnancy. In placental cells, the major source of cholesterol is the internalization of lipoprotein particles from maternal circulation by mechanisms that are not fully understood. As in hepatocytes, syncytiotrophoblast uptake of lipoprotein cholesterol involves lipoprotein receptors such as low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). Efflux outside the cells requires proteins such as the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. However, mechanisms associated with intracellular traffic of cholesterol in syncytiotrophoblasts are mostly unknown. In hepatocytes, uptaken cholesterol is transported to acidic late endosomes (LE) and lysosomes (LY). Proteins such as Niemann–Pick type C 1 (NPC1), NPC2, and StAR related lipid transfer domain containing 3 (STARD3) are required for cholesterol exit from the LE/LY. These proteins transfer cholesterol from the lumen of the LE/LY into the LE/LY-limiting membrane and then export it to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, or plasma membrane. Although the production, metabolism, and transport of cholesterol in placental cells are well explored, there is little information on the role of proteins related to intracellular cholesterol traffic in placental cells during physiological or pathological pregnancies. Such studies would be relevant for understanding fetal and placental cholesterol management. Oxidative stress, induced by generating excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a critical role in regulating various cellular and biological functions and has emerged as a critical common mechanism after lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review discusses the role of cholesterol, lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction, and ROS in the development and progression of hypercholesterolemic pregnancies.
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18
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Jazayeri M, Alizadeh A, Sadighi Gilani MA, Eftekhari-Yazdi P, Sharafi M, Shahverdi A. Underestimated Aspects in Male Infertility: Epigenetics is A New Approach in Men with Obesity or Diabetes: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2022; 16:132-139. [PMID: 36029047 PMCID: PMC9396004 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2021.534003.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is a complex multifactorial problem that affects about 7% of men and 15% of couples worldwide. Many molecular mechanisms involved in male infertility. Destructive effects of infertility on the next generations are not well understood. Approximately 60-75% of male infertility cases have idiopathic causes, and there is a need for additional investigations other than routine examinations. Molecular factors that surround DNA, which are mitotically stable and independently regulate genome activity of DNA sequences, are known as epigenetics. The known epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. Prevalence of metabolic diseases has been increased dramatically because of changes in lifestyle and the current levels of inactivity. Metabolic disorders, such<br />as obesity and diabetes, are prevalent reasons for male infertility; despite the association between metabolic diseases and male infertility, few studies have been conducted on the effects of epigenetic alterations associated with these diseases and sperm abnormalities. Diabetes can affect the reproductive system and testicular function at multiple levels;<br />however, there are very few molecular and epigenetic studies related to sperm from males with diabetes. On the other hand, obesity has similar conditions, while male obesity is linked to notable alterations in the sperm molecular architecture affecting both function and embryo quality. Therefore, in this review article, we presented new and developed technologies to study different patterns of epigenetic changes, and explained the exact mechanisms of epigenetic changes linked to metabolic diseases and their relationship with male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jazayeri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Medical Technologies, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - AliReza Alizadeh
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Eftekhari-Yazdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Department of Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,P.O. Box: 16635-148Department of EmbryologyReproductive Biomedicine Research CenterRoyan Institute for Reproductive BiomedicineACECRTehranIran
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19
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Biscetti F, Cecchini AL, Rando MM, Nardella E, Gasbarrini A, Massetti M, Flex A. Principal predictors of major adverse limb events in diabetic peripheral artery disease: A narrative review. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2021; 46:1-14. [PMID: 36643723 PMCID: PMC9833249 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus is causing a massive growth of peripheral artery disease incidences, a disabling complication of diabetic atherosclerosis, which leads often to the amputation of the affected limb. Critical limb ischemia is the terminal disease stage, which requires a prompt intervention to relieve pain and save limbs. However, patients undergoing revascularization often suffer from cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and major adverse limb events with poor outcomes. Furthermore, the same procedure performed in apparently similar patients has various outcomes and lack of an outcome predictive support causes a high lower limb arterial revascularization rate with disastrous effects for patients. We collected the main risk factors of major adverse limb events in a more readable and immediate format of the topic, to propose an overview of parameters to manage effectively peripheral artery disease patients and to propose basics of a new predictive tool to prevent from disabling vascular complications of the disease. Methods Most recent and updated literature about the prevalence of major adverse limb events in peripheral artery disease was reviewed to identify possible main predictors. Results In this article, we summarized major risk factors of limb revascularization failure and disabling vascular complications collecting those parameters principally responsible for major adverse limb events, which provides physio-pathological explanation of their role in peripheral artery disease. Conclusion We evaluated and listed a panel of possible predictors of MALE (Major Adverse Limb Event) in order to contribute to the development of a predictive score, based on a summary of the main risk factors reported in scientific articles, which could improve the management of peripheral artery disease by preventing vascular accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Biscetti
- Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy,Corresponding author. Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine Unit. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Margherita Rando
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Nardella
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Massetti
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Flex
- Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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20
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Coué M, Croyal M, Habib M, Castellano B, Aguesse A, Grit I, Gourdel M, Billard H, Lépine O, Michel C, Ouguerram K. Perinatal Administration of C-Phycocyanin Protects Against Atherosclerosis in apoE-Deficient Mice by Modulating Cholesterol and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Metabolisms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e512-e523. [PMID: 34706557 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational hypercholesterolemia concomitantly with a highly oxidative environment is associated with higher atherosclerosis in human and animal offspring. This work aimed to determine whether perinatal administration of a C-phycocyanin concentrate, a powerful antioxidant, can protect against atherosclerosis development in genetically hypercholesterolemic mice in adult life. Approach and Results: C-Phycocyanin was administered during gestation solely or gestation and lactation to apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Male and female offspring were studied until 25 weeks old. Progenies born to supplemented mothers displayed significantly less atherosclerotic root lesions than control group in all groups excepted in male supplemented during gestation and lactation. Female born to supplemented mothers had a greater gallbladder total bile acid pool, lower secondary hydrophobic bile acid levels such as lithocholic acid, associated with less plasma trimethylamine N-oxide at 16 weeks old compared with control mice. Regarding male born to C-Phycocyanin administrated mothers, they expressed a higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, more soluble bile acids such as β-muricholic acids, and a decreased plasma trimethylamine at 16 weeks old. Liver reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratio were increased and liver gene expression of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased in male born to gestational supplemented mothers. No difference in the composition of cecal microbiota was found between groups, regardless of sex. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a protective effect of perinatal antioxidant administration on atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice involving sex-specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Coué
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAE, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH-O), F-44093 Nantes, France (M. Coué, M.H., B.C., I.G., H.B., C.M., K.O.)
| | - Mikael Croyal
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France (M. Croyal).,Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, F-44000 Nantes, France (M. Croyal).,CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, F-44000 Nantes, France (M. Croyal, A.A., M.G.)
| | - Marina Habib
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAE, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH-O), F-44093 Nantes, France (M. Coué, M.H., B.C., I.G., H.B., C.M., K.O.)
| | - Blandine Castellano
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAE, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH-O), F-44093 Nantes, France (M. Coué, M.H., B.C., I.G., H.B., C.M., K.O.)
| | - Audrey Aguesse
- CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, F-44000 Nantes, France (M. Croyal, A.A., M.G.)
| | - Isabelle Grit
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAE, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH-O), F-44093 Nantes, France (M. Coué, M.H., B.C., I.G., H.B., C.M., K.O.)
| | - Mathilde Gourdel
- CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, F-44000 Nantes, France (M. Croyal, A.A., M.G.)
| | - Hélène Billard
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAE, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH-O), F-44093 Nantes, France (M. Coué, M.H., B.C., I.G., H.B., C.M., K.O.)
| | | | - Catherine Michel
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAE, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH-O), F-44093 Nantes, France (M. Coué, M.H., B.C., I.G., H.B., C.M., K.O.)
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAE, UMR1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH-O), F-44093 Nantes, France (M. Coué, M.H., B.C., I.G., H.B., C.M., K.O.)
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21
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Cacciatore F, Bruzzese G, Abete P, Russo G, Palinski W, Napoli C. Maternal hypercholesterolaemia during pregnancy affects severity of myocardial infarction in young adults. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 29:758-765. [PMID: 34662903 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Elevated maternal cholesterol during pregnancy (MCP) enhances atherogenesis in childhood, but its possible impact on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in adults is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively evaluated 310 patients who were admitted to hospital and whose MCP data were retrievable. Eighty-nine AMI patients with typical chest pain, transmural infarction Q-waves, elevated creatinine kinase, and 221 controls hospitalized for other reasons were identified. The AMI cohort was classified by MI severity (severe = involving three arteries, left ventricle ejection fraction ≤35, CK-peak >1200 mg/dL, or CK-MB >200 mg/dL). The association of MCP with AMI severity was tested by linear and multiple regression analysis that included conventional cardiovascular risk factors, gender, age, and treatment. Associations of MCP with body mass index (BMI) in patients were assessed by linear correlation. In the AMI cohort, MCP correlated with four measures of AMI severity: number of vessels (β = 0.382, P = 0.001), ejection fraction (β = -0.315, P = 0.003), CK (β = 0.260, P = 0.014), and CK-MB (β = 0.334, P = 0.001), as well as survival time (β = -0.252, P = 0.031). In multivariate analysis of patients stratified by AMI severity, MCP predicted AMI severity independently of age, gender, BMI, and CHD risk factors (odds ratio = 1.382, 95% confidence interval 1.046-1.825; P = 0.023). Survival was affected mainly by AMI severity. CONCLUSIONS Maternal cholesterol during pregnancy is associated with adult BMI, atherosclerosis-related risk, and severity of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cacciatore
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruzzese
- Division of Cardiology-UTIC and Health Direction, Pellegrini Hospital, ASL-NA 1, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Abete
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Wulf Palinski
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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22
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Epigenetic-sensitive challenges of cardiohepatic interactions: clinical and therapeutic implications in heart failure patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:1247-1253. [PMID: 32773512 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure and liver dysfunction can coexist owing to complex cardiohepatic interactions including the development of hypoxic hepatitis and congestive hepatopathy in patients with heart failure as well as 'cirrhotic cardiomyopathy' in advanced liver disease and following liver transplantation. The involvement of liver dysfunction in patients with heart failure reflects crucial systemic hemodynamic modifications occurring during the evolution of this syndrome. The arterial hypoperfusion and downstream hypoxia can lead to hypoxic hepatitis in acute heart failure patients whereas passive congestion is correlated with congestive hepatopathy occurring in patients with chronic heart failure. Nowadays, liquid biopsy strategies measuring liver function are well established in evaluating the prognosis of patients with heart failure. Large randomized clinical trials confirmed that gamma-glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, lactate deihydrogenase, and transaminases are useful prognostic biomarkers in patients with heart failure after transplantation. Deeper knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cardiohepatic interactions would be useful to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments of these comorbid patients. Epigenetic-sensitive modifications are heritable changes to gene expression without involving DNA sequence, comprising DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs which seem to be relevant in the pathogenesis of heart failure and liver diseases when considered in a separate way. The goal of our review is to highlight the pertinence of detecting epigenetic modifications during the complex cardiohepatic interactions in clinical setting. Moreover, we propose a clinical research program which may be useful to identify epigenetic-sensitive biomarkers of cardiohepatic interactions and advance personalized therapy in these comorbid patients.
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23
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Schiano C, D'Armiento M, Franzese M, Castaldo R, Saccone G, de Nigris F, Grimaldi V, Soricelli A, D'Armiento FP, Zullo F, Napoli C. DNA Methylation Profile of the SREBF2 Gene in Human Fetal Aortas. J Vasc Res 2021; 59:61-68. [PMID: 34535602 DOI: 10.1159/000518513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that maternal cholesterol represents an important risk factor for atherosclerotic disease in offspring already during pregnancy, although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Eighteen human fetal aorta samples were collected from the spontaneously aborted fetuses of normal cholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic mothers. Maternal total cholesterol levels were assessed during hospitalization. DNA methylation profiling of the whole SREBF2 gene CpG island was performed (p value <0.05). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between the 2 groups. For the first time, our study revealed that in fetal aortas obtained from hypercholesterolemic mothers, the SREBF2 gene shows 4 significant differentially hypermethylated sites in the 5'UTR-CpG island. This finding indicates that more effective long-term primary cardiovascular prevention programs need to be designed for the offspring of mothers with hypercholesterolemia. Further studies should be conducted to clarify the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the association between early atherogenesis and maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria D'Armiento
- Pathology Unit, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II,", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriele Saccone
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II,", Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena de Nigris
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy.,Department of Exercise and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope,", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo D'Armiento
- Pathology Unit, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II,", Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Zullo
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II,", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy.,Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Naples, Italy
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24
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Murray R, Kitaba N, Antoun E, Titcombe P, Barton S, Cooper C, Inskip HM, Burdge GC, Mahon PA, Deanfield J, Halcox JP, Ellins EA, Bryant J, Peebles C, Lillycrop K, Godfrey KM, Hanson MA. Influence of Maternal Lifestyle and Diet on Perinatal DNA Methylation Signatures Associated With Childhood Arterial Stiffness at 8 to 9 Years. Hypertension 2021; 78:787-800. [PMID: 34275334 PMCID: PMC8357051 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Increases in aortic pulse wave velocity, a measure of arterial stiffness, can lead to elevated systolic blood pressure and increased cardiac afterload in adulthood. These changes are detectable in childhood and potentially originate in utero, where an adverse early life environment can alter DNA methylation patterns detectable at birth. Here, analysis of epigenome-wide methylation patterns using umbilical cord blood DNA from 470 participants in the Southampton’s Women’s Survey identified differential methylation patterns associated with systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, arterial distensibility, and descending aorta pulse wave velocity measured by magnetic resonance imaging at 8 to 9 years. Perinatal methylation levels at 16 CpG loci were associated with descending aorta pulse wave velocity, with identified CpG sites enriched in pathways involved in DNA repair (P=9.03×10−11). The most significant association was with cg20793626 methylation (within protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D; β=−0.05 m/s/1% methylation change, [95% CI, −0.09 to −0.02]). Genetic variation was also examined but had a minor influence on these observations. Eight pulse wave velocity-linked dmCpGs were associated with prenatal modifiable risk factors, with cg08509237 methylation (within palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-2) associated with maternal oily fish consumption in early and late pregnancy. Lower oily fish consumption in early pregnancy modified the relationship between methylation and pulse wave velocity, with lower consumption strengthening the association between cg08509237 methylation and increased pulse wave velocity. In conclusion, measurement of perinatal DNA methylation signatures has utility in identifying infants who might benefit from preventive interventions to reduce risk of later cardiovascular disease, and modifiable maternal factors can reduce this risk in the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Murray
- From the School of Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine (R.M., N.K., E.A., G.C.B., K.M.G., M.A.H.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Negusse Kitaba
- From the School of Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine (R.M., N.K., E.A., G.C.B., K.M.G., M.A.H.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elie Antoun
- From the School of Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine (R.M., N.K., E.A., G.C.B., K.M.G., M.A.H.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom.,Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences (E.A., K.L.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Titcombe
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (P.T., S.B., C.C., H.M.I., P.A.M., K.M.G.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (P.T., S.B., C.C., H.M.I., P.A.M., K.M.G.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (P.T., S.B., C.C., H.M.I., P.A.M., K.M.G.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (P.T., S.B., C.C., H.M.I., P.A.M., K.M.G.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (H.M.I., K.L., K.M.G., M.A.H.)
| | - Graham C Burdge
- From the School of Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine (R.M., N.K., E.A., G.C.B., K.M.G., M.A.H.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela A Mahon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (P.T., S.B., C.C., H.M.I., P.A.M., K.M.G.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John Deanfield
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (J.D.)
| | - Julian P Halcox
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, United Kingdom (J.P.H., E.A.E.)
| | - Elizabeth A Ellins
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, United Kingdom (J.P.H., E.A.E.)
| | - Jennifer Bryant
- Department of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging, National Heart Centre Singapore (J.B.)
| | - Charles Peebles
- Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom (C.P.)
| | - Karen Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences (E.A., K.L.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (H.M.I., K.L., K.M.G., M.A.H.)
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- From the School of Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine (R.M., N.K., E.A., G.C.B., K.M.G., M.A.H.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (P.T., S.B., C.C., H.M.I., P.A.M., K.M.G.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (H.M.I., K.L., K.M.G., M.A.H.)
| | - Mark A Hanson
- From the School of Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine (R.M., N.K., E.A., G.C.B., K.M.G., M.A.H.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (H.M.I., K.L., K.M.G., M.A.H.)
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25
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Benincasa G, DeMeo DL, Glass K, Silverman EK, Napoli C. Epigenetics and pulmonary diseases in the horizon of precision medicine: a review. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.03406-2020. [PMID: 33214212 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03406-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms represent potential molecular routes which could bridge the gap between genetic background and environmental risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases. In patients with COPD, asthma and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), there is emerging evidence of aberrant epigenetic marks, mainly including DNA methylation and histone modifications which directly mediate reversible modifications to the DNA without affecting the genomic sequence. Post-translational events and microRNAs can be also regulated epigenetically and potentially participate in disease pathogenesis. Thus, novel pathogenic mechanisms and putative biomarkers may be detectable in peripheral blood, sputum, nasal and buccal swabs or lung tissue. Besides, DNA methylation plays an important role during the early phases of fetal development and may be impacted by environmental exposures, ultimately influencing an individual's susceptibility to COPD, asthma and PAH later in life. With the advances in omics platforms and the application of computational biology tools, modelling the epigenetic variability in a network framework, rather than as single molecular defects, provides insights into the possible molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of COPD, asthma and PAH. Epigenetic modifications may have clinical applications as noninvasive biomarkers of pulmonary diseases. Moreover, combining molecular assays with network analysis of epigenomic data may aid in clarifying the multistage transition from a "pre-disease" to "disease" state, with the goal of improving primary prevention of lung diseases and its subsequent clinical management.We describe epigenetic mechanisms known to be associated with pulmonary diseases and discuss how network analysis could improve our understanding of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Benincasa
- Dept of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Dept of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy .,Clinical Dept of Internal and Specialty Medicine (DAI), University Hospital (AOU), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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26
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Napoli C, Bontempo P, Palmieri V, Coscioni E, Maiello C, Donatelli F, Benincasa G. Epigenetic Therapies for Heart Failure: Current Insights and Future Potential. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:247-254. [PMID: 34079271 PMCID: PMC8164213 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s287082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the current reductionist approach providing an optimal indication for diagnosis and treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), there are no standard pharmacological therapies for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Although in its infancy in cardiovascular diseases, the epigenetic-based therapy ("epidrugs") is capturing the interest of physician community. In fact, an increasing number of controlled clinical trials is evaluating the putative beneficial effects of: 1) direct epigenetic-oriented drugs, eg, apabetalone, and 2) repurposed drugs with a possible indirect epigenetic interference, eg, metformin, statins, sodium glucose transporter inhibitors 2 (SGLT2i), and omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in both HFrEF and HFpEF, separately. Apabetalone is the first and unique direct epidrug tested in cardiovascular patients to date, and the BETonMACE trial has reported a reduction in first HF hospitalization (any EF value) and cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes and recent acute coronary syndrome, suggesting a possible role in secondary prevention. Patients with HFpEF seem to benefit from supplementation to the standard therapy with statins, metformin, and SGLT2i owing to their ability in reducing mortality. In contrast, the vasodilator hydralazine, with or without isosorbide dinitrate, did not provide beneficial effects. In HFrEF, metformin and SGLT2i could reduce the risk of incident HF and mortality in affected patients whereas clinical trials based on statins provided mixed results. Furthermore, PUFAs diet supplementation was significantly associated with reduced cardiovascular risk in both HFpEF and HFrEF. Future large trials will reveal whether direct and indirect epitherapy will remain a work in progress or become a useful way to customize the therapy in the real-world management of HFpEF and HFrEF. Our goal is to discuss the recent advancement in the epitherapy as a possible way to improve personalized therapy of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Vittorio Palmieri
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation, Heart Transplantation Unit in Adults of the 'Ospedali dei Colli Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO', Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Coscioni
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ciro Maiello
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplants, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Donatelli
- Chair of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Center, Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, 80138, Italy
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27
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Al-Dashti YA, Holt RR, Keen CL, Hackman RM. Date Palm Fruit ( Phoenix dactylifera): Effects on Vascular Health and Future Research Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094665. [PMID: 33925062 PMCID: PMC8125345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally, presenting an immense public and economic burden. Studies on cardioprotective foods and their bioactive components are needed to address both personal and public health needs. Date fruit is rich in polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, certain micronutrients, and dietary fiber, which can impact vascular health, and have the potential to attenuate vascular disease in humans. Data from in vitro and animal studies report that consumption of date fruit or extracts can modulate select markers of vascular health, particularly plasma lipid levels including triglycerides and cholesterol, indices of oxidative stress and inflammation, but human data is scant. More investigation is needed to better characterize date polyphenols and unique bioactive compounds or fractions, establish safe and effective levels of intake, and delineate underlying mechanisms of action. Implementing scientific rigor in clinical trials and assessment of functional markers of vascular disease, such as flow-mediated dilation and peripheral arterial tonometry, along with gut microbiome profiles would provide useful information with respect to human health. Emerging data supports the notion that intake of date fruit and extracts can be a useful component of a healthy lifestyle for those seeking beneficial effects on vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef A. Al-Dashti
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Shuwaikh 70654, Kuwait
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +965-9978-7153
| | - Roberta R. Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.R.H.); (C.L.K.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Carl L. Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.R.H.); (C.L.K.); (R.M.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Robert M. Hackman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.R.H.); (C.L.K.); (R.M.H.)
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are typically caused by multifactorial events including mutations in a large number of genes. Epigenetic-derived modifications in the cells are normal but can be amended by aging, lifestyle, and exposure to toxic substances. Major epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling as well as the noncoding RNAs. These pivotal players are involved in the epigenetic-induced modifications observed during CVDs. Nevertheless, despite impressive efforts capitalized in epigenetic research in the last 50 years, clinical applications are still not satisfactory. RECENT FINDINGS Briefly, we present some of the recent steps forward in the epigenetic studies of CVDs. There is an increased appreciation for the contribution of epigenetic alterations in the development of CVDs. Now, we have novel epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic trials with the use of statins, metformin, and some compounds affecting epigenetic pathways including a BET inhibitor apabetalone. The new knowledge of epigenetic regulation is also discussed in the light of precision medicine of CVDs. SUMMARY Epigenetic studies of CVDs have the promise to yield both mechanistic insights as well as adjunct treatments (repurposed drugs and apabetalone). The overall concept of precision medicine is not widely recognized in routine medical practice and the so-called reductionist approach remains the most used way to treat CVD patients.
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29
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Sarno F, Benincasa G, List M, Barabasi AL, Baumbach J, Ciardiello F, Filetti S, Glass K, Loscalzo J, Marchese C, Maron BA, Paci P, Parini P, Petrillo E, Silverman EK, Verrienti A, Altucci L, Napoli C. Clinical epigenetics settings for cancer and cardiovascular diseases: real-life applications of network medicine at the bedside. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:66. [PMID: 33785068 PMCID: PMC8010949 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite impressive efforts invested in epigenetic research in the last 50 years, clinical applications are still lacking. Only a few university hospital centers currently use epigenetic biomarkers at the bedside. Moreover, the overall concept of precision medicine is not widely recognized in routine medical practice and the reductionist approach remains predominant in treating patients affected by major diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. By its' very nature, epigenetics is integrative of genetic networks. The study of epigenetic biomarkers has led to the identification of numerous drugs with an increasingly significant role in clinical therapy especially of cancer patients. Here, we provide an overview of clinical epigenetics within the context of network analysis. We illustrate achievements to date and discuss how we can move from traditional medicine into the era of network medicine (NM), where pathway-informed molecular diagnostics will allow treatment selection following the paradigm of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sarno
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Markus List
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Albert-Lazlo Barabasi
- Network Science Institute and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Chair of Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bradley A Maron
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Paci
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Parini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enrico Petrillo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonella Verrienti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy.
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, AOU, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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30
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Perak AM, Lancki N, Kuang A, Labarthe DR, Allen NB, Shah SH, Lowe LP, Grobman WA, Lawrence JM, Lloyd-Jones DM, Lowe WL, Scholtens DM. Associations of Maternal Cardiovascular Health in Pregnancy With Offspring Cardiovascular Health in Early Adolescence. JAMA 2021; 325:658-668. [PMID: 33591345 PMCID: PMC7887661 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pregnancy may be a key window to optimize cardiovascular health (CVH) for the mother and influence lifelong CVH for her child. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between maternal gestational CVH and offspring CVH. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used data from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study (examinations: July 2000-April 2006) and HAPO Follow-Up Study (examinations: February 2013-December 2016). The analyses included 2302 mother-child dyads, comprising 48% of HAPO Follow-Up Study participants, in an ancillary CVH study. Participants were from 9 field centers across the United States, Barbados, United Kingdom, China, Thailand, and Canada. EXPOSURES Maternal gestational CVH at a target of 28 weeks' gestation, based on 5 metrics: body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol level, glucose level, and smoking. Each metric was categorized as ideal, intermediate, or poor using pregnancy guidelines. Total CVH was categorized as follows: all ideal metrics, 1 or more intermediate (but 0 poor) metrics, 1 poor metric, or 2 or more poor metrics. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Offspring CVH at ages 10 to 14 years, based on 4 metrics: body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol level, and glucose level. Total CVH was categorized as for mothers. RESULTS Among 2302 dyads, the mean (SD) ages were 29.6 (2.7) years for pregnant mothers and 11.3 (1.1) years for children. During pregnancy, the mean (SD) maternal CVH score was 8.6 (1.4) out of 10. Among pregnant mothers, the prevalence of all ideal metrics was 32.8% (95% CI, 30.6%-35.1%), 31.7% (95% CI, 29.4%-34.0%) for 1 or more intermediate metrics, 29.5% (95% CI, 27.2%-31.7%) for 1 poor metric, and 6.0% (95% CI, 3.8%-8.3%) for 2 or more poor metrics. Among children of mothers with all ideal metrics, the prevalence of all ideal metrics was 42.2% (95% CI, 38.4%-46.2%), 36.7% (95% CI, 32.9%-40.7%) for 1 or more intermediate metrics, 18.4% (95% CI, 14.6%-22.4%) for 1 poor metric, and 2.6% (95% CI, 0%-6.6%) for 2 or more poor metrics. Among children of mothers with 2 or more poor metrics, the prevalence of all ideal metrics was 30.7% (95% CI, 22.0%-40.4%), 28.3% (95% CI, 19.7%-38.1%) for 1 or more intermediate metrics, 30.7% (95% CI, 22.0%-40.4%) for 1 poor metric, and 10.2% (95% CI, 1.6%-20.0%) for 2 or more poor metrics. The adjusted relative risks associated with 1 or more intermediate, 1 poor, and 2 or more poor (vs all ideal) metrics, respectively, in mothers during pregnancy were 1.17 (95% CI, 0.96-1.42), 1.66 (95% CI, 1.39-1.99), and 2.02 (95% CI, 1.55-2.64) for offspring to have 1 poor (vs all ideal) metrics, and the relative risks were 2.15 (95% CI, 1.23-3.75), 3.32 (95% CI,1.96-5.62), and 7.82 (95% CI, 4.12-14.85) for offspring to have 2 or more poor (vs all ideal) metrics. Additional adjustment for categorical birth factors (eg, preeclampsia) did not fully explain these significant associations (eg, relative risk for association between 2 or more poor metrics among mothers during pregnancy and 2 or more poor metrics among offspring after adjustment for an extended set of birth factors, 6.23 [95% CI, 3.03-12.82]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this multinational cohort, better maternal CVH at 28 weeks' gestation was significantly associated with better offspring CVH at ages 10 to 14 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Perak
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicola Lancki
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alan Kuang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Norrina B. Allen
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Svati H. Shah
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lynn P. Lowe
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Jean M. Lawrence
- Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, Pasadena
- currently with Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - William L. Lowe
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Pepin ME, Schiano C, Miceli M, Benincasa G, Mansueto G, Grimaldi V, Soricelli A, Wende AR, Napoli C. The human aortic endothelium undergoes dose-dependent DNA methylation in response to transient hyperglycemia. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112485. [PMID: 33515594 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycemic control is a strong predictor of long-term cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes mellitus, and poor glycemic control influences long-term risk of cardiovascular disease even decades after optimal medical management. This phenomenon, termed glycemic memory, has been proposed to occur due to stable programs of cardiac and endothelial cell gene expression. This transcriptional remodeling has been shown to occur in the vascular endothelium through a yet undefined mechanism of cellular reprogramming. METHODS In the current study, we quantified genome-wide DNA methylation of cultured human endothelial aortic cells (HAECs) via reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) following exposure to diabetic (250 mg/dL), pre-diabetic (125 mg/dL), or euglycemic (100 mg/dL) glucose concentrations for 72 h (n = 2). RESULTS We discovered glucose-dependent methylation of genomic regions (DMRs) encompassing 2199 genes, with a disproportionate number found among genes associated with angiogenesis and nitric oxide (NO) signaling-related pathways. Multi-omics analysis revealed differential methylation and gene expression of VEGF (↑5.6% DMR, ↑3.6-fold expression), and NOS3 (↓20.3% DMR, ↓1.6-fold expression), nodal regulators of angiogenesis and NO signaling, respectively. CONCLUSION In the current exploratory study, we examine glucose-dependent and dose-responsive alterations in endothelial DNA methylation to examine a putative epigenetic mechanism underlying diabetic vasculopathy. Specifically, we uncover the disproportionate glucose-dependent methylation and gene expression of VEGF and NO signaling cascades, a physiologic imbalance known to cause endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. We therefore hypothesize that epigenetic mechanisms encode a glycemic memory within endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Pepin
- Dept. of Pathology, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA; Institüt für Experimentelle Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Concetta Schiano
- Dept. of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Miceli
- IRCCS SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 113 - 80143, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Dept. of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gelsomina Mansueto
- Dept. of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy; Clinical Dept. of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Grimaldi
- Dept. of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy; IRCCS SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 113 - 80143, Naples, Italy.
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 113 - 80143, Naples, Italy; Dept of Exercise and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton, 38 - 80133 Naples, Italy.
| | - Adam R Wende
- Dept. of Pathology, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Dept. of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy; IRCCS SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 113 - 80143, Naples, Italy; Clinical Dept. of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Università Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.za Miraglia, 2 - 80138, Naples, Italy.
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The polarized localization of lipoprotein receptors and cholesterol transporters in the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta is reproducible in a monolayer of primary human trophoblasts. Placenta 2021; 105:50-60. [PMID: 33548684 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The uptake of low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) through the LDL receptor (LDLR) and the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) mediates maternal to fetal cholesterol transfer in syncytiotrophoblast (STB) cells. STB cells deliver cholesterol via cholesterol efflux through the ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1, to ApoA-I), G1 (ABCG1, to HDL), and SR-BI (to HDL). In the human placenta, these proteins are localized in the apical (LDLR, SR-BI, ABCA1) and basal (SR-BI, ABCA1, ABCG1) membrane of STB cells. However, whether these proteins in polarized primary culture models of STB show a similar localization to those in the human placenta is currently unknown. METHODS Primary human trophoblasts (PHT) were isolated from normal placentas and cultured in Transwells® with Matrigel to obtain a polarized STB monolayer, proteins were determined by immunofluorescence and cholesterol efflux determined to different acceptors. RESULTS At day 5, LDLR and ABCA1 localized mainly in the apical membrane, ABCG1 in the basal membrane, and SR-BI in both. Cholesterol efflux towards the apical compartment was higher to adult and neonatal HDL compared to ApoA-I. When acceptors were added in the basal compartment, cholesterol was retained in the Matrigel. DISCUSSION Polarized STB monolayers express LDLR, SR-BI, ABCA1 and ABCG1, and their apical/basal localization resembles the one described in human placental tissue. This study confirms the high physiological value and suitability of this model for use in functional studies. Our findings also suggest that ABCA1 and SR-BI participate in cholesterol efflux to the maternal side of the cells.
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Infante T, Costa D, Napoli C. Novel Insights Regarding Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Diseases. Angiology 2021; 72:411-425. [PMID: 33478246 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720979243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a powerful mediator with biological activities such as vasodilation and prevention of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as well as functional regulation of cardiac cells. Thus, impaired production or reduced bioavailability of NO predisposes to the onset of different cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Alterations in the redox balance associated with excitation-contraction coupling have been identified in heart failure (HF), thus contributing to contractile abnormalities and arrhythmias. For its ability to influence cell proliferation and angiogenesis, NO may be considered a therapeutic option for the management of several CV diseases. Several clinical studies and trials investigated therapeutic NO strategies for systemic hypertension, atherosclerosis, and/or prevention of in stent restenosis, coronary heart disease (CHD), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and HF, although with mixed results in long-term treatment and effective dose administered in selected groups of patients. Tadalafil, sildenafil, and cinaguat were evaluated for the treatment of PAH, whereas vericiguat was investigated in the treatment of HF patients with reduced ejection fraction. Furthermore, supplementation with hydrogen sulfide, tetrahydrobiopterin, and nitrite/nitrate has shown beneficial effects at the vascular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Infante
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, 18994University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Costa
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, 18994University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, 18994University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
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Ngan WB, Belinga LEE, Nlo'o SE, Mbozo'o EA, Otsomoti E, Ndongo JM, Lele EB, Hupin D, Mandengue SH, Roche F, Bongue B. Oral health status and cardiovascular risk profile in Cameroonian military population. AIMS Public Health 2021; 8:100-109. [PMID: 33575410 PMCID: PMC7870389 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2021008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal diseases (PD) seem to appear today as predictors of some cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There is a lack of data on the oral health among Cameroonian military population, and its relationship with CVD. Purpose Investigate on the link between oral health of Cameroonian military from the Ngaoundéré garrison and their cardiovascular risk profile. Participants and methods A cross-sectional study at the Fifth Military Sector Health Center in Ngaoundéré was conducted. General health parameters assessment was done according to the World Health Organization STEPS manual for surveillance of risk factors for non-communicable chronic diseases and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. The periodontal status was assessed using Dutch Periodontal Screening Index. Results Two hundred and five participants who were officers and non-commissioned officers (aged 47 ± 08 and 32 ± 08 years respectively), with 86.4% of men were included. Smoking was associated to periodontitis (OR = 4.44 [1.73–11.43], p = 0.0031). Quality of oral hygiene was associated to high cardiovascular risk profile, poor/good (OR = 3.96 [1.07–14.57], p = 0.0386) and medium/good (OR = 3.44 [1.11–10.66], p = 0.0322). Conclusion Lifestyle as tobacco consumption and poor oral hygiene were associated to CVD among military, and this call for change.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bell Ngan
- Department of Military Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Physical Activities and Sport Physiology and Medicine Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon.,INSERM, U1059, Sainbiose, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Fifth Military Sector Health Center, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - L Essama Eno Belinga
- Douala General Hospital, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - E Abeng Mbozo'o
- Department of Military Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - E Otsomoti
- Fifth Military Sector Health Center, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - J Mekoulou Ndongo
- Physical Activities and Sport Physiology and Medicine Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Ec Bika Lele
- Physical Activities and Sport Physiology and Medicine Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - D Hupin
- INSERM, U1059, Sainbiose, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Cetaf, St-Etienne, France
| | - S H Mandengue
- Physical Activities and Sport Physiology and Medicine Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - F Roche
- INSERM, U1059, Sainbiose, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - B Bongue
- INSERM, U1059, Sainbiose, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Cetaf, St-Etienne, France
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Puthanveetil P, Kong X, Bräse S, Voros G, Peer WA. Transcriptome analysis of two structurally related flavonoids; Apigenin and Chrysin revealed hypocholesterolemic and ketogenic effects in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173804. [PMID: 33347826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is no known single therapeutic drug for treating hypercholesterolemia that comes with negligible systemic side effects. In the current study, using next generation RNA sequencing approach in mouse embryonic fibroblasts we discovered that two structurally related flavonoid compounds. Apigenin and Chrysin exhibited moderate blocking ability of multiple transcripts that regulate rate limiting enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. The observed decrease in cholesterol biosynthesis pathway correlated well with an increase in transcripts involved in generation and trafficking of ketone bodies as evident by the upregulation of Bdh1 and Slc16a6 transcripts. The hypocholesterolemic potential of Apigenin and Chrysin at higher concentrations along with their ability to generate ketogenic substrate especially during embryonic stage is useful or detrimental for embryonic health is not clear and still debatable. Our study will serve as a steppingstone to further the investigation in whole animal studies and also in translating this knowledge to human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Puthanveetil
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
| | - Xiaoli Kong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Gabor Voros
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wendy Ann Peer
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, MD, USA.
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Hamczyk MR, Nevado RM, Barettino A, Fuster V, Andrés V. Biological Versus Chronological Aging: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:919-930. [PMID: 32130928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for vascular disease and ensuing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, the leading causes of death worldwide. In a progressively aging population, it is essential to develop early-life biomarkers that efficiently identify individuals who are at high risk of developing accelerated vascular damage, with the ultimate goal of improving primary prevention and reducing the health care and socioeconomic impact of age-related cardiovascular disease. Studies in experimental models and humans have identified 9 highly interconnected hallmark processes driving mammalian aging. However, strategies to extend health span and life span require understanding of interindividual differences in age-dependent functional decline, known as biological aging. This review summarizes the current knowledge on biological age biomarkers, factors influencing biological aging, and antiaging interventions, with a focus on vascular aspects of the aging process and its cardiovascular disease related manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda R Hamczyk
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. https://twitter.com/HamczykMagda
| | - Rosa M Nevado
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Ana Barettino
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Valentín Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Spain; The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute/Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.
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Napoli C, Benincasa G, Schiano C, Salvatore M. Differential epigenetic factors in the prediction of cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2020; 6:239-247. [PMID: 31665258 PMCID: PMC7363021 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia can strongly alter the epigenetic signatures in many types of human vascular cells providing persistent perturbations of protein–protein interactions both in micro- and macro-domains. The establishment of these epigenetic changes may precede cardiovascular (CV) complications and help us to predict vascular lesions in diabetic patients. Importantly, these epigenetic marks may be transmitted across several generations (transgenerational effect) and increase the individual risk of disease. Aberrant DNA methylation and imbalance of histone modifications, mainly acetylation and methylation of H3, represent key determinants of vascular lesions and, thus, putative useful biomarkers for prevention and diagnosis of CV risk in diabetics. Moreover, a differential expression of some micro-RNAs (miRNAs), mainly miR-126, may be a useful prognostic biomarker for atherosclerosis development in asymptomatic subjects. Recently, also environmental-induced chemical perturbations in mRNA (epitranscriptome), mainly the N6-methyladenosine, have been associated with obesity and diabetes. Importantly, reversal of epigenetic changes by modulation of lifestyle and use of metformin, statins, fenofibrate, and apabetalone may offer useful therapeutic options to prevent or delay CV events in diabetics increasing the opportunity for personalized therapy. Network medicine is a promising molecular-bioinformatic approach to identify the signalling pathways underlying the pathogenesis of CV lesions in diabetic patients. Moreover, machine learning tools combined with tomography are advancing the individualized assessment of CV risk in these patients. We remark the need for combining epigenetics and advanced bioinformatic platforms to improve the prediction of vascular lesions in diabetics increasing the opportunity for CV precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia 2, Naples 80138, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, via E. Gianturco 113, Naples 80143, Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia 2, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia 2, Naples 80138, Italy
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Hou H, Zhao H. Epigenetic factors in atherosclerosis: DNA methylation, folic acid metabolism, and intestinal microbiota. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 512:7-11. [PMID: 33232735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex disease, influenced by both genetic and non-genetic factors. The most important epigenetic mechanism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is DNA methylation, which involves modification of the gene without changes in the gene sequence. Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism interact to regulate DNA methylation, especially folic acid and B vitamins. Deficiencies in folic acid and other nutrients, such as vitamins B6 and B12, can increase homocysteine levels, induce endothelial dysfunction, and accelerate atherosclerotic pathological processes. Supplemented nutrients can improve DNA methylation status, reduce levels of inflammatory factors, and delay the process of atherosclerosis. In this review, the influence of intestinal flora on folate metabolism and epigenetics is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Benincasa G, de Candia P, Costa D, Faenza M, Mansueto G, Ambrosio G, Napoli C. Network Medicine Approach in Prevention and Personalized Treatment of Dyslipidemias. Lipids 2020; 56:259-268. [PMID: 33118184 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemias can affect molecular networks underlying the metabolic homeostasis and vascular function leading to atherogenesis at early stages of development. Since disease-related proteins often interact with each other in functional modules, many advanced network-oriented algorithms were applied to patient-derived big data to identify the complex gene-environment interactions underlying the early pathophysiology of dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis. Both the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7 (PCSK7) and collagen type 1 alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) genes arose from the application of TFfit and WGCNA algorithms, respectively, as potential useful therapeutic targets in prevention of dyslipidemias. Moreover, the Seed Connector algorithm (SCA) algorithm suggested a putative role of the neuropilin-1 (NRP1) protein as drug target, whereas a regression network analysis reported that niacin may provide benefits in mixed dyslipidemias. Dyslipidemias are highly heterogeneous at the clinical level; thus, it would be helpful to overcome traditional evidence-based paradigm toward a personalized risk assessment and therapy. Network Medicine uses omics data, artificial intelligence (AI), imaging tools, and clinical information to design personalized therapy of dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis. Recently, a novel non-invasive AI-derived biomarker, named Fat Attenuation Index (FAI™) has been established to early detect clinical signs of atherosclerosis. Moreover, an integrated AI-radiomics approach can detect fibrosis and microvascular remodeling improving the customized risk assessment. Here, we offer a network-based roadmap ranging from novel molecular pathways to digital therapeutics which can improve personalized therapy of dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | | | - Dario Costa
- UOC Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Mario Faenza
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Mansueto
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Division of Cardiology, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Via S. Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, 06156, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy.,Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
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Benincasa G, Franzese M, Schiano C, Marfella R, Miceli M, Infante T, Sardu C, Zanfardino M, Affinito O, Mansueto G, Sommese L, Nicoletti GF, Salvatore M, Paolisso G, Napoli C. DNA methylation profiling of CD04 +/CD08 + T cells reveals pathogenic mechanisms in increasing hyperglycemia: PIRAMIDE pilot study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 60:218-226. [PMID: 33194177 PMCID: PMC7645316 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation can play a pathogenic role in the early stages of hyperglycemia linking homeostasis imbalance and vascular damage. Material and methods We investigated DNA methylome by RRBS in CD04+ and CD08+ T cells from healthy subjects (HS) to pre-diabetics (Pre-Diab) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients to identify early biomarkers of glucose impairment and vascular damage. Our cross-sectional study enrolled 14 individuals from HS state to increasing hyperglycemia (pilot study, PIRAMIDE trial, NCT03792607). Results Globally, differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were mostly annotated to promoter regions. Hypermethylated DMRs were greater than hypomethylated in CD04+ T cells whereas CD08+ T showed an opposite trend. Moreover, DMRs overlapping between Pre-Diab and T2D patients were mostly hypermethylated in both T cells. Interestingly, SPARC was the most hypomethylated gene in Pre-Diab and its methylation level gradually decreased in T2D patients. Besides, SPARC showed a significant positive correlation with DBP (+0.76), HDL (+0.54), Creatinine (+0.83), LVDd (+0.98), LVSD (+0.98), LAD (+0.98), LVPWd (+0.84), AODd (+0.81), HR (+0.72), Triglycerides (+0.83), LAD (+0.69) and AODd (+0.52) whereas a negative correlation with Cholesterol (−0.52) and LDL (−0.71) in T2D. Conclusion SPARC hypomethylation in CD08+ T cells may be a useful biomarker of vascular complications in Pre-Diab with a possible role for primary prevention warranting further multicenter clinical trials to validate our findings. We conducted the first methylome analysis by RRBS platform in circulating CD04+ and CD08+ T cells in increasing hyperglycemia. This approach has revealed possible biomarkers for cardiovascular and kidney complications in prediabetes. SPARC hypomethylation may underly a pro-fibrotic endophenotype to be validated in larger multicenter trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Infante
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Gelsomina Mansueto
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Sommese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, 80143, Naples, Italy.,Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
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Holt RR, Zuelch ML, Charoenwoodhipong P, Al-Dashti YA, Hackman RM, Keen CL. Effects of short-term consumption of strawberry powder on select parameters of vascular health in adolescent males. Food Funct 2020; 11:32-44. [PMID: 31942892 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States and much of the developed world, costing billions of dollars in lost work time, lower productivity and high health care expenditures. Research on foods and bioactive food components that have cardioprotective benefits may provide new insights as to how modest changes in one's diet may result in a reduced risk of vascular disease. In intervention trials, the consumption of strawberries, either fresh or freeze-dried, has been reported to improve select markers of cardiovascular health, including improved lipid profiles, microvascular function, and platelet reactivity. Consistent with the above, epidemiological studies suggest beneficial effects of strawberries on vascular function. Preliminary studies on the effects of freeze-dried strawberry powder on vascular health are reviewed in the current paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta R Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation enhances 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol production and alters cholesterol homeostasis in glioma. Oncogene 2020; 39:6340-6353. [PMID: 32855525 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is the most important initiating event in gliomagenesis, and the increasing evidence shows that IDH mutation is associated with the metabolic reprogramming in the tumor. Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is a hallmark of tumor cells, but the cholesterol homeostasis in IDH-mutated glioma is still unknown. In this study, we found that astrocyte-specific mutant IDH1(R132H) knockin reduced the cholesterol contents and damaged the structure of myelin in mouse brains. In U87 and U251 cells, the expression of mutant IDH1 consistently reduced the cholesterol levels. Furthermore, we found that IDH1 mutation enhanced the production of 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC), which is not only the metabolite of cholesterol elimination, but also functions as an endogenous ligand for the liver X receptors (LXRs). In IDH1-mutant glioma cells, the elevated 24-OHC activated LXRs, which consequently accelerated the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) degradation by upregulating the inducible degrader of the LDLR (IDOL). The reduced LDLR expressions in IDH1-mutant glioma cells abated the uptakes of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to decrease the cholesterol influx. In addition, the activated LXRs also promoted the cholesterol efflux by elevating the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ABCG1, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in both IDH1-mutant astrocytes and glioma cells. As a feedback, the reduced cholesterol levels stimulated the cholesterol biosynthesis, which made IDH1-mutated glioma cells more sensitive to atorvastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. The altered cholesterol homeostasis regulated by mutant IDH provides a pivotal therapeutical strategy for the IDH-mutated gliomas.
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Schiano C, Benincasa G, Infante T, Franzese M, Castaldo R, Fiorito C, Mansueto G, Grimaldi V, Della Valle G, Fatone G, Soricelli A, Nicoletti GF, Ruocco A, Mauro C, Salvatore M, Napoli C. Integrated analysis of DNA methylation profile of HLA-G gene and imaging in coronary heart disease: Pilot study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236951. [PMID: 32790754 PMCID: PMC7425923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Immune endothelial inflammation, underlying coronary heart disease (CHD) related phenotypes, could provide new insight into the pathobiology of the disease. We investigated DNA methylation level of the unique CpG island of HLA-G gene in CHD patients and evaluated the correlation with cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) features. Methods Thirty-two patients that underwent CCTA for suspected CHD were enrolled for this study. Obstructive CHD group included fourteen patients, in which there was a stenosis greater than or equal to 50% in one or more of the major coronary arteries detected; whereas subjects with Calcium (Ca) Score = 0, uninjured coronaries and with no obstructive CHD (no critical stenosis, NCS) were considered as control subjects (n = 18). For both groups, DNA methylation profile of the whole 5’UTR-CpG island of HLA-G was measured. The plasma soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) levels were detected in all subjects by specific ELISA assay. Statistical analysis was performed using R software. Results For the first time, our study reported that 1) a significant hypomethylation characterized three specific fragments (B, C and F) of the 5’UTR-CpG island (p = 0.05) of HLA-G gene in CHD patients compared to control group; 2) the hypomethylation level of one specific fragment of 161bp (+616/+777) positively correlated with coronary Ca score, a relevant parameter of CCTA (p<0.05) between two groups evaluated and was predictive for disease severity. Conclusions Reduced levels of circulating HLA-G molecules could derive from epigenetic marks. Epigenetics phenomena induce hypomethylation of specific regions into 5'UTR-CpG island of HLA-G gene in CHD patients with obstructive non critical stenosis vs coronary stenosis individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Infante
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Carmela Fiorito
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Mansueto
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Grimaldi
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Della Valle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gerardo Fatone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCSSDN, Naples, Italy
- Department of Exercise and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruocco
- Cardiovascular Diseases Department, “Cardarelli Hospital”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Mauro
- Cardiovascular Diseases Department, “Cardarelli Hospital”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- IRCCSSDN, Naples, Italy
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Mansueto G, Benincasa G, Della Mura N, Nicoletti GF, Napoli C. Epigenetic-sensitive liquid biomarkers and personalised therapy in advanced heart failure: a focus on cell-free DNA and microRNAs. J Clin Pathol 2020; 73:535-543. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents a common genetic cause of mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction leading to heart failure (HF) onset for which truncating variants in titin (TTN) gene result in the most frequent mutations. Moreover, myocyte and endothelial cell apoptosis is a key endophenotype underlying cardiac remodelling. Therefore, a deeper knowledge about molecular networks leading to acute injury and apoptosis may reveal novel circulating biomarkers useful to better discriminate HF phenotypes, patients at risk of heart transplant as well as graft reject in order to improve personalised therapy. Remarkably, increased plasma levels of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) may reflect the extent of cellular damage, whereas circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may be a promising biomarker of poor prognosis in patients with HF. Furthermore, some panels of circulating miRNAs may improve the stratification of natural history of disease. For example, a combination of miR-558, miR-122* and miR-520d-5p, as well as miR-125a-5p, miR-550a-5p, miR-638 and miR-190a, may aid to discriminate different phenotypes of HF ranging from preserved to reduced ejection fraction. We give update on the most relevant genetic determinants involved in DCM and discuss the putative role of non-invasive biomarkers to overcome current limitations of the reductionist approach in HF management.
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Mansueto G, Niola M, Napoli C. Can COVID 2019 induce a specific cardiovascular damage or it exacerbates pre-existing cardiovascular diseases? Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153086. [PMID: 32825954 PMCID: PMC7319650 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure until death. Myocarditis, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, embolism, and DIC are the main complications in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. SARSCoV-2 can worsen the clinical status of patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases and this may interfere with therapies.
A novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with cardiovascular and multiple organ failure till death. The main mechanisms of virus internalization and interaction with the host are down-regulation or upregulation of the ACE2 receptor, the surface glycoprotein competition mechanism for the binding of porphyrin to iron in heme formation as well as interference with the immune system. The interference on renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, heme formation, and the immune response is responsible for infection diffusion, endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction, oxidative damage and releasing of inflammatory mediators. The main pathological findings are bilateral interstitial pneumonia with diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Because ACE receptor is also present in the endothelium of other districts as well as in different cell types, and as porphyrins are transporters in the blood and other biological liquids of iron forming heme, which is important in the assembly of the hemoglobin, myoglobin and the cytochromes, multiorgan damage occurs both primitive and secondary to lung damage. More relevantly, myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, thromboembolism, and disseminated intravasal coagulation (DIC) are described as complications in patients with poor outcome. Here, we investigated the role of SARSCoV-2 on the cardiovascular system and in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities, and possible drug interference on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelsomina Mansueto
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Massimo Niola
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Legal Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy; IRCCS SDN, Naples, IT, Italy
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Napoli C, Benincasa G, Donatelli F, Ambrosio G. Precision medicine in distinct heart failure phenotypes: Focus on clinical epigenetics. Am Heart J 2020; 224:113-128. [PMID: 32361531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) management is challenging due to high clinical heterogeneity of this disease which makes patients responding differently to evidence-based standard therapy established by the current reductionist approach. Better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic interactions may clarify molecular signatures underlying maladaptive responses in HF, including metabolic shift, myocardial injury, fibrosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. DNA methylation, histone modifications and micro-RNA (miRNAs) may be major epigenetic players in the pathogenesis of HF. DNA hypermethylation of the kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) gene plays a key role in switching the failing heart from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism. Moreover, hypomethylation at H3K9 promoter level of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) genes also leads to reactivation of fetal genes in man. The role of miRNAs has been investigated in HF patients undergoing heart transplantation, for whom miR-10a, miR-155, miR-31, and miR-92 may be putative useful prognostic biomarkers. Recently, higher RNA methylation levels have been observed in ischemic human hearts, opening the era of "epitranscriptome" in the pathogenesis of HF. Currently, hydralazine, statins, apabetalone, and omega-3 polyunsatured fatty acids (PUFA) are being tested in clinical trials to provide epigenetic-driven therapeutic interventions. Moreover, network-oriented analysis could advance current medical practice by focusing on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) perturbing the "cardiac" interactome. In this review, we provide an epigenetic map of maladaptive responses in HF patients. Furthermore, we propose the "EPi-transgeneratIonal network mOdeling for STratificatiOn of heaRt Morbidity" (EPIKO-STORM), a clinical research strategy offering novel opportunities to stratify the natural history of HF.
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Cantin C, Fuenzalida B, Leiva A. Maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy: Potential modulation of cholesterol transport through the human placenta and lipoprotein profile in maternal and neonatal circulation. Placenta 2020; 94:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Excessive early-life cholesterol exposure may have later-life consequences for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:229-236. [PMID: 32290895 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The in utero and immediate postnatal environments are recognized as critical windows of developmental plasticity where offspring are highly susceptible to changes in the maternal metabolic milieu. Maternal hypercholesterolemia (MHC) is a pathological condition characterized by an exaggerated rise in maternal serum cholesterol during pregnancy which can program metabolic dysfunction in offspring, including dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. Although there is currently no established reference range MHC, a loosely defined cutoff point for total cholesterol >280 mg/dL in the third trimester has been suggested. There are several unanswered questions regarding this condition particularly with regard to how the timing of cholesterol exposure influences hepatic lipid dysfunction and the mechanisms through which these adaptations manifest in adulthood. Gestational hypercholesterolemia increased fetal hepatic lipid concentrations and altered lipid regulatory mRNA and protein content. These early changes in hepatic lipid metabolism are evident in the postweaning environment and persist into adulthood. Further, changes to hepatic epigenetic signatures including microRNA (miR) and DNA methylation are observed in utero, at weaning, and are evident in adult offspring. In conclusion, early exposure to cholesterol during critical developmental periods can predispose offspring to the early development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is characterized by altered regulatory function beginning in utero and persisting throughout the life cycle.
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Crimi E, Benincasa G, Cirri S, Mutesi R, Faenza M, Napoli C. Clinical epigenetics and multidrug-resistant bacterial infections: host remodelling in critical illness. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1021-1034. [PMID: 32290755 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1748918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inappropriate use of antibiotics in man is driving to insurgence of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple drugs (MDR) representing a challenge in critical illness. The interaction of MDR bacteria with host cells can guide molecular perturbations of host transcriptional programmes involving epigenetic-sensitive mechanisms, mainly DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs leading to pathogen survival. Clinical evidence of epigenetic manipulation from MDR bacteria mainly arises from Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Legionella pneumophila infection suggesting possible biomarkers of disease. For example, DNA hypermethylation of E-cadherin (CDH1), upstream transcription factor 1/2 (USF1/2), WW domain containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), and mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) genes in gastric mucosa is correlated with malignancy suggesting useful biomarkers of early disease state. Moreover, upregulated circulating miR-361-5p, miR-889, miR-576-3p may be useful biomarkers to discriminate tuberculosis patients. Moreover, Listeria monocytogenes can indirectly induce H3 hyperacetylation leading to inflammation in human endothelial cells whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa excretes QS 2-AA to directly induce H3 deacetylation leading to bacterial persistence in human monocytes. Remarkably, epigenetic-sensitive drugs may aid to counteract MDR in clinical setting. Trichostatin A, a histone deacetyltransferase inhibitor (HDACi), leads to AMP β-defensin 2 (HBD2) gene up-regulation in human epithelial cells suggesting a useful 'epi-therapy' for Escherichia coli-induced intestinal diseases. We update on the most current clinical studies focusing on epigenetic changes involved in bacterial-host interactions and their putative role as biomarkers or drug targets to improve precision medicine and personalized therapy in critical illness and transplantation setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Crimi
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Ocala Health , Ocala, FL, USA
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Cirri
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Cardiothoracic Department, Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato , Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Mutesi
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mario Faenza
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples, Italy.,IRCCS Foundation SDN , Naples, Italy
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Infante T, Del Viscovo L, De Rimini ML, Padula S, Caso P, Napoli C. Network Medicine: A Clinical Approach for Precision Medicine and Personalized Therapy in Coronary Heart Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 27:279-302. [PMID: 31723086 PMCID: PMC7192819 DOI: 10.5551/jat.52407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early identification of coronary atherosclerotic pathogenic mechanisms is useful for predicting the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and future cardiac events. Epigenome changes may clarify a significant fraction of this "missing hereditability", thus offering novel potential biomarkers for prevention and care of CHD. The rapidly growing disciplines of systems biology and network science are now poised to meet the fields of precision medicine and personalized therapy. Network medicine integrates standard clinical recording and non-invasive, advanced cardiac imaging tools with epigenetics into deep learning for in-depth CHD molecular phenotyping. This approach could potentially explore developing novel drugs from natural compounds (i.e. polyphenols, folic acid) and repurposing current drugs, such as statins and metformin. Several clinical trials have exploited epigenetic tags and epigenetic sensitive drugs both in primary and secondary prevention. Due to their stability in plasma and easiness of detection, many ongoing clinical trials are focused on the evaluation of circulating miRNAs (e.g. miR-8059 and miR-320a) in blood, in association with imaging parameters such as coronary calcifications and stenosis degree detected by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), or functional parameters provided by FFR/CT and PET/CT. Although epigenetic modifications have also been prioritized through network based approaches, the whole set of molecular interactions (interactome) in CHD is still under investigation for primary prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Infante
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Del Viscovo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Padula
- Department of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. Dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Pio Caso
- Department of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. Dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
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