1
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Fan L, Wu S, Wu Y, Xu X, Xu Z, Huang L, Chen G. Clinical data and quantitative CT parameters combined with machine learning to predict short-term prognosis of severe COVID-19 in the elderly. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37096. [PMID: 39309817 PMCID: PMC11415644 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objectives This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating clinical data and quantitative CT parameters with machine learning techniques in forecasting the short-term outcomes of severe COVID-19 in elderly patients. Materials and methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical profiles and chest quantitative CT parameters of 239 elderly patients with severe COVID-19 admitted for treatment. The cohort included 61 deceased patients (death group) and 178 who recovered and were discharged (survival group). The participants were randomly assigned into a training group (n = 167) and a validation group (n = 72). Quantitative CT parameters were measured using the 3D-Slicer software. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified independent risk factors for mortality. Predictive models were developed employing four machine learning algorithms: Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed age, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and solid organ volume percentage (SOV%) as independent predictors of mortality. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) values for the LR, RF, DT, and SVM models in the training group were 0.795, 0.726, 0.854, and 0.589, respectively; for the validation group, they were 0.817, 0.634, 0.869, and 0.754, respectively. The DT algorithm outperformed other models in both the training and validation groups, emerging as the most effective predictive model in this study. Conclusion The combination of clinical data and quantitative CT parameters with machine learning approaches is highly valuable in predicting the short-term prognosis of severe COVID-19 in the elderly. Among the various models tested, the Decision Tree algorithm-based model proved to be the most accurate and reliable in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Fan
- School of Medical Imageology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Shujian Wu
- Department of Radiology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yimin Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, WuHu Hospital, East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital, WuHu), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- School of Medical Imageology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xu
- School of Medical Imageology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Medical Imageology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Guoxian Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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2
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Muraoka D, Moi ML, Muto O, Nakatsukasa T, Deng S, Takashima C, Yamaguchi R, Sawada SI, Hayakawa H, Nguyen TTN, Haseda Y, Soga T, Matsushita H, Ikeda H, Akiyoshi K, Harada N. Low-frequency CD8 + T cells induced by SIGN-R1 + macrophage-targeted vaccine confer SARS-CoV-2 clearance in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:173. [PMID: 39294173 PMCID: PMC11411095 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced T cells and neutralizing antibodies are essential for protection against SARS-CoV-2. Previously, we demonstrated that an antigen delivery system, pullulan nanogel (PNG), delivers vaccine antigen to lymph node medullary macrophages and thereby enhances the induction of specific CD8+ T cells. In this study, we revealed that medullary macrophage-selective delivery by PNG depends on its binding to a C-type lectin SIGN-R1. In a K18-hACE2 mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination with a PNG-encapsulated receptor-binding domain of spike protein decreased the viral load and prolonged the survival in the CD8+ T cell- and B cell-dependent manners. T cell receptor repertoire analysis revealed that although the vaccine induced T cells at various frequencies, low-frequency specific T cells mainly promoted virus clearance. Thus, the induction of specific CD8+ T cells that respond quickly to viral infection, even at low frequencies, is important for vaccine efficacy and can be achieved by SIGN-R1+ medullary macrophage-targeted antigen delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Muraoka
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
- Division of Translational Oncoimmunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Meng Ling Moi
- School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Osamu Muto
- Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Informatics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakatsukasa
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Situo Deng
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chieko Takashima
- Division of Translational Oncoimmunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Informatics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sawada
- Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruka Hayakawa
- School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hirokazu Matsushita
- Division of Translational Oncoimmunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Benhamouda N, Besbes A, Bauer R, Mabrouk N, Gadouas G, Desaint C, Chevrier L, Lefebvre M, Radenne A, Roelens M, Parfait B, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Gruel N, Courbebaisse M, Appay V, Paul S, Gorochov G, Ropers J, Lebbah S, Lelievre JD, Johannes L, Ulmer J, Lebeaux D, Friedlander G, De Lamballerie X, Ravel P, Kieny MP, Batteux F, Durier C, Launay O, Tartour E. Cytokine profile of anti-spike CD4 +T cells predicts humoral and CD8 +T cell responses after anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. iScience 2024; 27:110441. [PMID: 39104410 PMCID: PMC11298648 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coordinating immune responses - humoral and cellular - is vital for protection against severe Covid-19. Our study evaluates a multicytokine CD4+T cell signature's predictive for post-vaccinal serological and CD8+T cell responses. A cytokine signature composed of four cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, IP10, IL-9) excluding IFN-γ, and generated through machine learning, effectively predicted the CD8+T cell response following mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccine administration. Its applicability extends to murine vaccination models, encompassing diverse immunization routes (such as intranasal) and vaccine platforms (including adjuvanted proteins). Notably, we found correlation between CD4+T lymphocyte-produced IL-21 and the humoral response. Consequently, we propose a test that offers a rapid overview of integrated immune responses. This approach holds particular relevance for scenarios involving immunocompromised patients because they often have low cell counts (lymphopenia) or pandemics. This study also underscores the pivotal role of CD4+T cells during a vaccine response and highlights their value in vaccine immunomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Benhamouda
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Anissa Besbes
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | | | - Nesrine Mabrouk
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Gauthier Gadouas
- Bioinformatics and Cancer System Biology Team, IRCM-INSERM U1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancerologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Desaint
- INSERM SC10-US019, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CIC 1417, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), APHP, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Chevrier
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 Insitut Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Centre Service d’immunologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | - Maeva Lefebvre
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre de prévention des maladies infectieuses et transmissibles CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Radenne
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Marie Roelens
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Parfait
- Centre de ressources Biologiques, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine in Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nadège Gruel
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Department of Translational Research, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Marie Courbebaisse
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Explorations fonctionnelles rénales, Physiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Stephane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, INSERM, CIC 1408 INSERM Vaccinology, Immunology Department, iBiothera Reference Center, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Ropers
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière –Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière- Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Said Lebbah
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière –Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière- Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelievre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, APHP, Créteil, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Ulmer
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - David Lebeaux
- Université Paris Cité, Service de maladies infectieuses Hôpital Saint Louis/Lariboisère APHP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Gerard Friedlander
- Department of « Croissance et Signalisation », Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier De Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207 Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Ravel
- Bioinformatics and Cancer System Biology Team, IRCM-INSERM U1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancerologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Paule Kieny
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Fréderic Batteux
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 Insitut Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Centre Service d’immunologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | | | - Odile Launay
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CIC 1417, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), APHP, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
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4
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Zedan HT, Smatti MK, Al-Sadeq DW, Al Khatib HA, Nicolai E, Pieri M, Bernardini S, Hssain AA, Taleb S, Qotba H, Issa K, Abu Raddad LJ, Althani AA, Nasrallah GK, Yassine HM. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers more potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses than mRNA-, vector-, and inactivated virus-based COVID-19 vaccines. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29527. [PMID: 38511514 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are elicited after infection and vaccination and have been well studied. However, their antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) functionality is still poorly characterized. Here, we investigated ADCC activity in convalescent sera from infected patients with wild-type (WT) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or omicron variant compared with three coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine platforms and postvaccination breakthrough infection (BTI). We analyzed ADCC activity targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins in convalescent sera following WT SARS-CoV-2-infection (n = 91), including symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, omicron-infection (n = 8), COVID-19 vaccination with messenger RNA- (mRNA)- (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, n = 77), adenovirus vector- (n = 41), and inactivated virus- (n = 46) based vaccines, as well as post-mRNA vaccination BTI caused by omicron (n = 28). Correlations between ADCC, binding, and NAb titers were reported. ADCC was elicited within the first month postinfection and -vaccination and remained detectable for ≥3 months. WT-infected symptomatic patients had higher S-specific ADCC levels than asymptomatic and vaccinated individuals. Also, no difference in N-specific ADCC activity was seen between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, but the levels were higher than the inactivated vaccine. Notably, omicron infection showed reduced overall ADCC activity compared to WT SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although post-mRNA vaccination BTI elicited high levels of binding and NAbs, ADCC activity was significantly reduced. Also, there was no difference in ADCC levels across the four vaccines, although NAbs and binding antibody titers were significantly higher in mRNA-vaccinated individuals. All evaluated vaccine platforms are inferior in inducing ADCC compared to natural infection with WT SARS-CoV-2. The inactivated virus-based vaccine can induce N-specific ADCC activity, but its relevance to clinical outcomes requires further investigation. Our data suggest that ADCC could be used to estimate the extra-neutralization level against COVID-19 and provides evidence that vaccination should focus on other Fc-effector functions besides NAbs. Also, the decreased susceptibility of the omicron variant to ADCC offers valuable guidance for forthcoming efforts to identify the specific targets of antibodies facilitating ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel T Zedan
- Infectious Diseases Department, Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria K Smatti
- Infectious Diseases Department, Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Duaa W Al-Sadeq
- College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hebah A Al Khatib
- Infectious Diseases Department, Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ali Ait Hssain
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Taleb
- Department of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hamda Qotba
- Department of Clinical Research, Primary Health Care Centers, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khodr Issa
- Proteomics, Inflammatory Response, and Mass Spectrometry (PRISM) Laboratory, INSERM U-1192, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laith J Abu Raddad
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A Althani
- Infectious Diseases Department, Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Infectious Diseases Department, Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Infectious Diseases Department, Biomedical Research Center, Research Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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5
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Khalifeh M, Rubin LG, Dayya D, Cerise J, Skinner K, Maloney M, Walworth C, Petropoulos CJ, Wrin T, Chun K, Weinberger B. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and breast milk. J Perinatol 2024; 44:28-34. [PMID: 38092879 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We quantified neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody against spike protein (nAb) levels after vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in maternal serum, cord blood, and breast milk and determined whether they correlate with levels of spike protein binding antibody. STUDY DESIGN Women (n = 100) were enrolled on admission for delivery. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined by anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. Levels of nAb and binding antibodies against spike receptor binding domain were measured in maternal blood, cord blood, and milk. RESULTS Maternal nAb levels were higher after vaccine and infection than vaccine alone but waned rapidly. Levels of nAb in cord blood and milk correlated with maternal levels and were higher in cord blood than maternal. Spike protein binding antibody levels correlated with nAb. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 vaccination near delivery may boost antibody-mediated immunity in the peripartum period. Neutralizing antibodies are passed transplacentally and into milk. Spike protein binding antibody may be a feasible proxy for nAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Khalifeh
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Phelps Hospital, Northwell Health, Sleepy Hollow, NY, USA
| | - Lorry G Rubin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - David Dayya
- Division of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, Department of Surgery, Phelps Hospital, Northwell Health, Sleepy Hollow, NY, USA
| | - Jane Cerise
- Biostatistics Unit, Office of Academic Affairs, Northwell School, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Karen Skinner
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Phelps Hospital, Northwell Health, Sleepy Hollow, NY, USA
| | - Mona Maloney
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Phelps Hospital, Northwell Health, Sleepy Hollow, NY, USA
| | - Charles Walworth
- Labcorp-Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Terri Wrin
- Labcorp-Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kelly Chun
- Labcorp-Esoterix, Calabasas, CA, 91301, USA
| | - Barry Weinberger
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.
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6
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Ma Y, Mao Q, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Chen J, Hao A, Rehati P, Wang Y, Wen Y, Lu L, Chen Z, Zhao J, Wu F, Sun L, Huang J. A broadly neutralizing antibody inhibits SARS-CoV-2 variants through a novel mechanism of disrupting spike trimer integrity. Cell Res 2023; 33:975-978. [PMID: 37758899 PMCID: PMC10709632 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingdan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Palizhati Rehati
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fan Wu
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinghe Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Leomanni L, Collatuzzo G, Sansone E, Sala E, De Palma G, Porru S, Spiteri G, Monaco MGL, Basso D, Pavanello S, Scapellato ML, Larese Filon F, Cegolon L, Mauro M, Lodi V, Lazzarotto T, Noreña I, Reinkemeyer C, Giang LTT, Fabiánová E, Strhársky J, Dell’Omo M, Murgia N, Carrasco-Ribelles LA, Violán C, Mates D, Rascu A, Vimercati L, De Maria L, Asafo SS, Ditano G, Abedini M, Boffetta P. Determinants of Anti-S Immune Response at 12 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in a Multicentric European Cohort of Healthcare Workers-ORCHESTRA Project. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1527. [PMID: 37896931 PMCID: PMC10610704 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of the immunity provided by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is an important public health issue. We analyzed the determinants of 12-month serology in a multicenter European cohort of vaccinated healthcare workers (HCW). METHODS We analyzed the sociodemographic characteristics and levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (IgG) in a cohort of 16,101 vaccinated HCW from eleven centers in Germany, Italy, Romania, Slovakia and Spain. Considering the skewness of the distribution, the serological levels were transformed using log or cubic standardization and normalized by dividing them by center-specific standard errors. We fitted center-specific multivariate regression models to estimate the cohort-specific relative risks (RR) of an increase of one standard deviation of log or cubic antibody level and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for different factors and combined them in random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS We included 16,101 HCW in the analysis. A high antibody level was positively associated with age (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00-1.08 per 10-year increase), previous infection (RR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.29-2.45) and use of Spikevax [Moderna] with combinations compared to Comirnaty [BioNTech/Pfizer] (RR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.97-1.19) and was negatively associated with the time since last vaccine (RR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.98 per 30-day increase). CONCLUSIONS These results provide insight about vaccine-induced immunity to SARS-CoV-2, an analysis of its determinants and quantification of the antibody decay trend with time since vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Leomanni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.L.)
| | - Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.L.)
| | - Emanuele Sansone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Emma Sala
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Porru
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Spiteri
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Scapellato
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Larese Filon
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Cegolon
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcella Mauro
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.L.)
- SSD Health Surveillance, IRCCS University Hospital, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lazzarotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.L.)
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS University Hospital, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Noreña
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Reinkemeyer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Le Thi Thu Giang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eleonóra Fabiánová
- Occupational Health Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, 497556 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Strhársky
- Medical Microbiology Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, 497556 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Marco Dell’Omo
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department on Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Murgia
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucía A. Carrasco-Ribelles
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 08303 Mataró, Spain
- Direcció d’Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Recerca en Impacte de les Malalties Cròniques i les seves Trajectòries (GRIMTra), Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), 08303 Barcelona, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Violán
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 08303 Mataró, Spain
- Direcció d’Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Recerca en Impacte de les Malalties Cròniques i les seves Trajectòries (GRIMTra), Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), 08303 Barcelona, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Agripina Rascu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Occupational Medicine, Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi De Maria
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Shuffield S. Asafo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.L.)
| | - Giorgia Ditano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.L.)
| | - Mahsa Abedini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.L.)
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.L.)
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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8
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Amellal H, Assaid N, Charoute H, Akarid K, Maaroufi A, Ezzikouri S, Sarih M. Kinetics of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM, IgA, and IgG responses during the first 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective longitudinal study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288557. [PMID: 37437051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health threat. The kinetics of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) need to be assessed, as the long-term duration of these immunoglobulins remains largely controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) protein and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein up to one year in a cohort of 190 COVID-19 patients. Between March and September 2021, we enrolled patients from two regional hospitals in Casablanca, Morocco. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for antibody levels. We used the commercial Euroimmun ELISA for the determination of anti-N IgM, the Abbott Architect™ SARS-CoV-2 IgG test for the detection of anti-RBD IgG, and an in-house kit for the assay of anti-N IgG and anti-N IgA. IgM and IgA antibodies were assessed 2-5, 9-12, 17-20 and 32-37 days after symptom onset. IgG antibodies were also assessed 60, 90, 120 and 360 days after symptom onset. One-third of patients developed IgM (32%), while two-thirds developed IgA (61%). One month of symptom onset, most patients developed IgG, with 97% and 93% positivity for anti-RBD IgG and anti-N IgG, respectively. The anti-RBD IgG positivity rate remained high up to one year of follow-up. However, the anti-N IgG positivity rate decreased over time, with only 41% of patients testing positive after one year's follow-up. IgG levels were significantly higher in older people (over 50 years) than in other study participants. We also found that patients who had received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prior to infection had a lower IgM response than unvaccinated patients. This difference was statistically significant two weeks after the onset of symptoms. We present the first study in Africa to measure the kinetics of antibody response (IgA, IgM and IgG) to SARS-CoV-2 over one year. Most participants remained seropositive for anti-RBD IgG after one year but showed a significant decline in antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Amellal
- Department of Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
- Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, Health and Environment Laboratory, Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Najlaa Assaid
- Department of Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Akarid
- Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, Health and Environment Laboratory, Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane Maaroufi
- Department of Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Virology Unit, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M'hammed Sarih
- Department of Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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9
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Hamza S, Martynova E, Garanina E, Shakirova V, Bilalova A, Moiseeva S, Khaertynova I, Ohlopkova O, Blatt N, Markelova M, Khaiboullina S. Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19 Serum from Tatarstan, Russia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10181. [PMID: 37373331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of COVID-19 is a result of the complex interplay between various branches of the immune system. However, our understanding of the role of neutralizing antibodies and the activation of cellular immune response in COVID-19 pathogenesis remains limited. In this study, we investigated neutralizing antibodies in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, analyzing their cross-reactivity with the Wuhan and Omicron variants. We also assessed the activation of the immune response by measuring serum cytokines in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. Our findings suggest the early activation of neutralizing antibodies in moderate COVID-19 compared to mild cases. We also observed a strong correlation between the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies to the Omicron and Wuhan variants and the severity of the disease. In addition, we found that Th1 lymphocyte activation was present in mild and moderate cases, while inflammasomes and Th17 lymphocytes were activated in severe COVID-19. In conclusion, our data indicate that the early activation of neutralizing antibodies is evident in moderate COVID-19, and there is a strong correlation between the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies and the severity of the disease. Our findings suggest that the Th1 immune response may play a protective role, while inflammasome and Th17 activation may be involved in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Hamza
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Martynova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Garanina
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Venera Shakirova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alisa Bilalova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana Moiseeva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilsiyar Khaertynova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Olesia Ohlopkova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector» of Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Nataliya Blatt
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maria Markelova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
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10
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Uzun G, Müller R, Althaus K, Becker M, Marsall P, Junker D, Nowak-Harnau S, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Klüter H, Schrezenmeier H, Bugert P, Bakchoul T. Correlation between Clinical Characteristics and Antibody Levels in COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donor Candidates. Viruses 2023; 15:1357. [PMID: 37376656 DOI: 10.3390/v15061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) with high neutralizing antibodies has been suggested in preventing disease progression in COVID-19. In this study, we investigated the relationship between clinical donor characteristics and neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in CCP donors. COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors were included into the study. Clinical parameters were recorded and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (Spike Trimer, Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), S1, S2 and nucleocapsid protein) as well as ACE2 binding inhibition were measured. An ACE2 binding inhibition < 20% was defined as an inadequate neutralization capacity. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to detect the predictors of inadequate neutralization capacity. Ninety-one CCP donors (56 female; 61%) were analyzed. A robust correlation between all SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and ACE2 binding inhibition, as well as a positive correlation between donor age, body mass index, and a negative correlation between time since symptom onset and antibody levels were found. We identified time since symptom onset, normal body mass index (BMI), and the absence of high fever as independent predictors of inadequate neutralization capacity. Gender, duration of symptoms, and number of symptoms were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels or neutralization. Neutralizing capacity was correlated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and associated with time since symptom onset, BMI, and fever. These clinical parameters can be easily incorporated into the preselection of CCP donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günalp Uzun
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Müller
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karina Althaus
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Marsall
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Nowak-Harnau
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Harald Klüter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
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11
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Postovskaya A, Vujkovic A, de Block T, van Petersen L, van Frankenhuijsen M, Brosius I, Bottieau E, Van Dijck C, Theunissen C, van Ierssel SH, Vlieghe E, Bartholomeus E, Mullan K, Adriaensen W, Vanham G, Ogunjimi B, Laukens K, Vercauteren K, Meysman P. Leveraging T-cell receptor - epitope recognition models to disentangle unique and cross-reactive T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 during COVID-19 progression/resolution. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130876. [PMID: 37325653 PMCID: PMC10264683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the general agreement on the significance of T cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection, the clinical impact of specific and cross-reactive T-cell responses remains uncertain. Understanding this aspect could provide insights for adjusting vaccines and maintaining robust long-term protection against continuously emerging variants. To characterize CD8+ T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 epitopes unique to the virus (SC2-unique) or shared with other coronaviruses (CoV-common), we trained a large number of T-cell receptor (TCR) - epitope recognition models for MHC-I-presented SARS-CoV-2 epitopes from publicly available data. These models were then applied to longitudinal CD8+ TCR repertoires from critical and non-critical COVID-19 patients. In spite of comparable initial CoV-common TCR repertoire depth and CD8+ T-cell depletion, the temporal dynamics of SC2-unique TCRs differed depending on the disease severity. Specifically, while non-critical patients demonstrated a large and diverse SC2-unique TCR repertoire by the second week of the disease, critical patients did not. Furthermore, only non-critical patients exhibited redundancy in the CD8+ T-cell response to both groups of epitopes, SC2-unique and CoV-common. These findings indicate a valuable contribution of the SC2-unique CD8+ TCR repertoires. Therefore, a combination of specific and cross-reactive CD8+ T-cell responses may offer a stronger clinical advantage. Besides tracking the specific and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ T cells in any TCR repertoire, our analytical framework can be expanded to more epitopes and assist in the assessment and monitoring of CD8+ T-cell response to other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Postovskaya
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp (BIOMINA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Vujkovic
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tessa de Block
- Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lida van Petersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Isabel Brosius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Bottieau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Dijck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Caroline Theunissen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sabrina H. van Ierssel
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erika Vlieghe
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Esther Bartholomeus
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kerry Mullan
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp (BIOMINA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Adriaensen
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido Vanham
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp (BIOMINA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Vercauteren
- Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Meysman
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp (BIOMINA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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12
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Beaudoin-Bussières G, Tauzin A, Dionne K, Gendron-Lepage G, Medjahed H, Perreault J, Levade I, Alfadhli L, Bo Y, Bazin R, Côté M, Finzi A. A Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection Enhances Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity against Several Omicron Subvariants following a Fourth mRNA Vaccine Dose. Viruses 2023; 15:1274. [PMID: 37376574 DOI: 10.3390/v15061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several variants of concern (VOCs), such as the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants, have arisen and spread worldwide. Today, the predominant circulating subvariants are sublineages of the Omicron variant, which have more than 30 mutations in their Spike glycoprotein compared to the ancestral strain. The Omicron subvariants were significantly less recognized and neutralized by antibodies from vaccinated individuals. This resulted in a surge in the number of infections, and booster shots were recommended to improve responses against these variants. While most studies mainly measured the neutralizing activity against variants, we and others previously reported that Fc-effector functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), play an important role in humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we analyzed Spike recognition and ADCC activity against several Omicron subvariants by generating cell lines expressing different Omicron subvariant Spikes. We tested these responses in a cohort of donors, who were recently infected or not, before and after a fourth dose of mRNA vaccine. We showed that ADCC activity is less affected than neutralization by the antigenic shift of the tested Omicron subvariant Spikes. Moreover, we found that individuals with a history of recent infection have higher antibody binding and ADCC activity against all Omicron subvariants than people who were not recently infected. With an increase in the number of reinfections, this study helps better understand Fc-effector responses in the context of hybrid immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Katrina Dionne
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | | | - Josée Perreault
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Inès Levade
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Laila Alfadhli
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Yuxia Bo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Renée Bazin
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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13
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Zhuang X, Zhang S, Chen Z, Zou Y, Sheng J, Li T, Tai W, Yu J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Tong L, Yu X, Wu L, Chen D, Zhang R, Jin N, Shen W, Zhao J, Tian M, Wang X, Cheng G. Inactivated vaccine-elicited potent antibodies can broadly neutralize SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2179. [PMID: 37069158 PMCID: PMC10107573 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A full understanding of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine-mediated antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants will inform vaccine effectiveness and vaccination development strategies. Here, we offer insights into the inactivated vaccine-induced antibody responses after prime-boost vaccination at both the polyclonal and monoclonal levels. We characterized the VDJ sequence of 118 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and found that 20 neutralizing mAbs showed varied potency and breadth against a range of variants including XBB.1.5, BQ.1.1, and BN.1. Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) based on nonoverlapping mAbs exhibited enhanced neutralizing potency and breadth against the most antibody-evasive strains, such as XBB.1.5, BQ.1.1, and BN.1. The passive transfer of mAbs or their bsAb effectively protected female hACE2 transgenic mice from challenge with an infectious Delta or Omicron BA.2 variant. The neutralization mechanisms of these antibodies were determined by structural characterization. Overall, a broad spectrum of potent and distinct neutralizing antibodies can be induced in individuals immunized with the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV, suggesting the application potential of inactivated vaccines and these antibodies for preventing infection by SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants.
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Grants
- National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFC2300200, 2020YFC1200104, 2018YFA0507202, 2021YFC2302405, 2022YFC2302204), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32188101, 31825001, 81730063, and 81961160737), the Yunnan Cheng gong expert workstation (202005AF150034), Innovation Team Project of Yunnan Science and Technology Department (202105AE160020), and Tsinghua-Foshan Innovation Special Fund (2022THFS6124).
- National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2303403)
- National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFC2300104, 2022YFF1203103), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32171202), and Vanke Special Fund for Public Health and Health Discipline Development, Tsinghua University (20221080056).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xinyu Zhuang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Zhicheng Chen
- Center for Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China
| | - Tianpeng Li
- Center for Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China
| | - Wanbo Tai
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China
| | - Jinfang Yu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Zhaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China
| | - Liangqin Tong
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Linjuan Wu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Renli Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- Center for Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China.
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China.
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Xinquan Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China.
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14
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Maki FM, Al-Thwani AN, Jiad KS. Study of some immunological signatures and their association with COVID-19 in a sample of recovered Iraqi patients. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152348. [PMID: 36827832 PMCID: PMC9920766 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Since its emergence about two years ago, the novel coronavirus has continued to be a challenge and threat to public health, struck most parts of the world, leaving more than half a billion cases of infection and more than five million deaths. Immune response abnormalities post-infection with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, and the mechanisms that lead to them are still ambiguous. This study was conducted to evaluate some immunological markers in the serum samples of COVID-19 convalescent patients and investigate the association of these immunological signatures with their age and sex. The serum levels of immunoglobulin G, interleukin-1 beta, and interferon lambda-1 of 75 patients and 50 healthy control group members were measured, with 55 % males and 45 % females participating and ages ranging from 20 to 80 years. The measurement of the immunological signatures was performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The result revealed highly significant elevated levels of the serum immunological signatures of the convalescent group in comparison to the control group, with P-values of 0.00001 for each signature. Moreover, age was observed to have an association with an elevated level of the immunological signatures as it increased in the elderly, whereas no association with sex was detected. The findings strongly suggest that COVID-19 infection results in a persistent inflammatory response, which leads to prolonged post-recovery symptoms. Post-COVID-19 syndrome necessitates additional research to clarify its pathophysiology, pathogenesis, and long-term implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia M Maki
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Amina N Al-Thwani
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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15
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Abu Fanne R, Moed M, Kedem A, Lidawi G, Maraga E, Mohsen F, Roguin A, Meisel SR. SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Blocking Immunity Post Natural Infection: The Role of Vitamin D. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:475. [PMID: 36851353 PMCID: PMC9967845 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND AIM The extent of the protection against SARS-CoV-2 conferred by natural infection is unclear. Vitamin D may have a role in the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the evolving acquired immunity against it. We tested the correlation between baseline 25(OH) D content and both the reinfection rate and the anti-spike protein antibody titer following COVID-19 infection. Methods A retrospective observational survey that included a large convalescent COVID-19 population of subjects insured by the Leumit HMO was recorded between 1 February 2020 and 30 January 2022. Inclusion criteria required at least one available 25(OH)D level prior to enlistment. The association between 25(OH)D levels, the rate of breakthrough infection, and the anti-spike protein antibody titer was evaluated. Results A total of 10,132 COVID-19 convalescent subjects were included, of whom 322 (3.3%) sustained reinfection within a one-year follow-up. In the first 8 months after recovery, the reinfected patients were characterized by a higher incidence of low 25(OH)D levels (<30 ng/mL, 92% vs. 84.8%, p < 0.05), while during the following three months, the incidence of low 25(OH)D levels was non-significantly higher among PCR-negative convalescent subjects compared to those reinfected (86% vs. 81.7, p = 0.15). By multivariate analysis, age > 44 years (OR-0.39, 95% CI: 0.173-0.87, p = 0.02) and anti-spike protein antibody titer > 50 AU/mL (0.49, 95% CI: 0.25-0.96, p = 0.04) were inversely related to reinfection. No consistent correlation with vitamin D levels was observed among the 3351 available anti-spike protein antibody titers of convalescent subjects. However, the median anti-spike protein antibody titers tended to increase over time in the vitamin D-deficient group. Conclusion Higher pre-infection 25(OH)D level correlated with protective COVID-19 immunity during the first 8 months following COVID-19 infection, which could not be explained by anti-spike protein antibody titers. This effect dissipated beyond this period, demonstrating a biphasic 25(OH)D association that warrants future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Abu Fanne
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
| | - Mahmud Moed
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel
| | - Aviv Kedem
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel
| | - Ghalib Lidawi
- Urology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
| | - Emad Maraga
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Fady Mohsen
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
| | - Ariel Roguin
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
| | - Simcha-Ron Meisel
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
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16
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A Bibliometric Visualization Analysis on Vaccine Development of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020295. [PMID: 36851173 PMCID: PMC9959778 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), beginning in December 2019, has spread worldwide, leading to the death of millions. Owing to the absence of definitive treatment, vaccination against COVID-19 emerged as an effective strategy against the spread of the pandemic. Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine has advanced considerably, and vaccine-related research has significantly increased over the past three years. This study aimed to evaluate the content and external characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine-related literature for tracking research trends related to the global COVID-19 vaccine with the means of bibliometrics and visualization maps. A total of 18,285 records in 3499 journals were retrieved in the Web of Science Core Collection database and included in the final analysis. China was the first to focus on COVID-19 vaccine research, while European and American countries started late but developed rapidly. The USA and the UK are the top contributors to COVID-19 vaccine development, with the largest number of publications. The University of Washington and Harvard Medical School were the leading institutions, while Krammer, F. from Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai was the author most active and influential to the topic. The New England Journal of Medicine had the highest number of citations and the highest TLS, and was the most cited and influential journal in the field of COVID-19 vaccine research. COVID-19 vaccine research topics and hotspots focused on populations' attitudes towards vaccination, immunity-related information analysis of spike proteins, the effectiveness and side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine, and the public management of epidemic transmission. The findings of this study provide the global status, research hotspots and potential trends in the field of COVID-19 vaccine research, which will assist researchers in mastering the knowledge structure, and evaluating and guiding future developmental directions of COVID-19 vaccine.
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17
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Djaïleb A, Lavallée É, Parker MF, Cayer MP, Desautels F, de Grandmont MJ, Stuible M, Gervais C, Durocher Y, Trottier S, Boudreau D, Masson JF, Brouard D, Pelletier JN. Assessment of the longitudinal humoral response in non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals at decentralized sites: Outcomes and concordance. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1052424. [PMID: 36741379 PMCID: PMC9895839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1052424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, reagent availability was not uniform, and infrastructure had to be urgently adapted to undertake COVID-19 surveillance. Methods Before the validation of centralized testing, two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were established independently at two decentralized sites using different reagents and instrumentation. We compared the results of these assays to assess the longitudinal humoral response of SARS-CoV-2-positive (i.e., PCR-confirmed), non-hospitalized individuals with mild to moderate symptoms, who had contracted SARSCoV-2 prior to the appearance of variants of concern in Québec, Canada. Results The two assays exhibited a high degree of concordance to identify seropositive individuals, thus validating the robustness of the methods. The results also confirmed that serum immunoglobulins persist ≥ 6 months post-infection among non-hospitalized adults and that the antibodies elicited by infection cross-reacted with the antigens from P.1 (Gamma) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants of concern. Discussion Together, these results demonstrate that immune surveillance assays can be rapidly and reliably established when centralized testing is not available or not yet validated, allowing for robust immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhadi Djaïleb
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre en Chimie Verte et Catalyse, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Lavallée
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre en Chimie Verte et Catalyse, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Megan-Faye Parker
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre en Chimie Verte et Catalyse, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Stuible
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Gervais
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Trottier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Boudreau
- Départment de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre d’Optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l’Apprentissage, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Danny Brouard
- Héma‐Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre en Chimie Verte et Catalyse, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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18
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Wang H, Gan M, Wu B, Zeng R, Wang Z, Xu J, Li J, Zhang Y, Cao J, Chen L, Di D, Peng S, Lei J, Zhao Y, Song X, Yuan T, Zhou T, Liu Q, Yi J, Wang X, Cai H, Lei Y, Wen Y, Li W, Chen Q, Wang Y, Long P, Yuan Y, Wang C, Pan A, Wang Q, Gong R, Fan X, Wu T, Liu L. Humoral and cellular immunity of two-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese children: A prospective cohort study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28380. [PMID: 36478357 PMCID: PMC9877748 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Children are the high-risk group for COVID-19, and in need of vaccination. However, humoral and cellular immune responses of COVID-19 vaccine remain unclear in vaccinated children. To establish the rational immunization strategy of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine for children, the immunogenicity of either one dose or two doses of the vaccine in children was evaluated. A prospective cohort study of 322 children receiving inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was established in China. The baseline was conducted after 28 days of the first dose, and the follow-up was conducted after 28 days of the second dose. The median titers of receptor binding domain (RBD)-IgG, and neutralizing antibody (NAb) against prototype strain and Omicron variant after the second dose increased significantly compared to those after the first dose (first dose: 70.0, [interquartile range, 30.0-151.0] vs. second dose: 1261.0 [636.0-2060.0] for RBD-IgG; 2.5 [2.5-18.6] vs. 252.0 [138.6-462.1] for NAb against prototype strain; 2.5 [2.5-2.5] vs. 15.0 [7.8-26.5] for NAb against Omicron variant, all p < 0.05). The flow cytometry results showed that the first dose elicited SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular immunity, while the second dose strengthened SARS-CoV-2 specific IL-2+ or TNF-α+ monofunctional, IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ bifunctional, and IFN-γ- IL-2+ TNF-α+ multifunctional CD4+ T cell responses (p < 0.05). Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 specific memory T cells were generated after the first vaccination, including the central memory T cells and effector memory T cells. The present findings provide scientific evidence for the vaccination strategy of the inactive vaccines among children against COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mengze Gan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bihao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jun Xu
- Qichun Center for Disease Control and PreventionHuanggangChina
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yandi Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jinge Cao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Li Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Dongsheng Di
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Siyuan Peng
- Qichun Center for Disease Control and PreventionHuanggangChina
| | - Jinfeng Lei
- Qichun Center for Disease Control and PreventionHuanggangChina
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xuemei Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yanshou Lei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yuying Wen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qinlin Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Pinpin Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - An Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Rui Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Xionglin Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Assaid N, Arich S, Charoute H, Akarid K, Anouar Sadat M, Maaroufi A, Ezzikouri S, Sarih M. Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG Antibodies 3 Months after COVID-19 Onset in Moroccan Patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:145-154. [PMID: 36509045 PMCID: PMC9833093 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses serious global public health problems. Characterization of the immune response, particularly antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, is important for establishing vaccine strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against spike protein (S1) for up to 3 months in a cohort of 169 COVID-19 patients. We enrolled COVID-19 patients at two regional hospitals in Casablanca, Morocco, between March and September 2021. Blood samples were collected and N-specific IgM and S-specific IgG levels were measured by a commercial Euroimmun ELISA. IgM antibodies were assessed 2-5 (D00), 9-12 (D07), 17-20 (D15), and 32-37 (D30) days after symptom onset; IgG antibodies were assessed at these time points plus 60 (D60) and 90 (D90) days after symptom onset. We found that at 3 months after symptom onset, 79% of patients had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies, whereas their IgM seropositivity was 19% by 1 month after symptom onset. The IgM level decreased to 0.34 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.19-0.92) at 1 month after symptom onset, whereas the IgG level peaked at D30 (3.10; IQR 1.83-5.64) and remained almost stable at D90 (2.95; IQR 1.52-5.19). IgG levels were significantly higher in patients older than 50 years than in those younger than 50 at all follow-up time points (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in median anti-S1 antibody levels among infected patients based on gender or comorbidities. This study provides information on the longevity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa Assaid
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco;,Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, University of Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Soukaina Arich
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Akarid
- Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, University of Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Anouar Sadat
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane Maaroufi
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M’hammed Sarih
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco;,Address correspondence to M’hammed Sarih, Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca, Morocco. E-mail:
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20
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King HAD, Dussupt V, Mendez-Rivera L, Slike BM, Tran U, Jackson ND, Barkei E, Zemil M, Tourtellott-Fogt E, Kuklis CH, Soman S, Ahmed A, Porto M, Kitajewski C, Spence B, Benetiene D, Wieczorek L, Kar S, Gromowski G, Polonis VR, Krebs SJ, Modjarrad K, Bolton DL. Convalescent human IgG, but not IgM, from COVID-19 survivors confers dose-dependent protection against SARS-CoV-2 replication and disease in hamsters. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1138629. [PMID: 37026013 PMCID: PMC10070741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibody therapeutic strategies have served an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic, even as their effectiveness has waned with the emergence of escape variants. Here we sought to determine the concentration of convalescent immunoglobulin required to protect against disease from SARS-CoV-2 in a Syrian golden hamster model. Methods Total IgG and IgM were isolated from plasma of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donors. Dose titrations of IgG and IgM were infused into hamsters 1 day prior to challenge with SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-1. Results The IgM preparation was found to have ~25-fold greater neutralization potency than IgG. IgG infusion protected hamsters from disease in a dose-dependent manner, with detectable serum neutralizing titers correlating with protection. Despite a higher in vitro neutralizing potency, IgM failed to protect against disease when transferred into hamsters. Discussion This study adds to the growing body of literature that demonstrates neutralizing IgG antibodies are important for protection from SARS-CoV-2 disease, and confirms that polyclonal IgG in sera can be an effective preventative strategy if the neutralizing titers are sufficiently high. In the context of new variants, against which existing vaccines or monoclonal antibodies have reduced efficacy, sera from individuals who have recovered from infection with the emerging variant may potentially remain an efficacious tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. D. King
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Letzibeth Mendez-Rivera
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bonnie M. Slike
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ursula Tran
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nathan D. Jackson
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erica Barkei
- Veterinary Pathology Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Michelle Zemil
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emily Tourtellott-Fogt
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Sandrine Soman
- Viral Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Aslaa Ahmed
- Viral Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Victoria R. Polonis
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Shelly J. Krebs
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Kayvon Modjarrad, ; Diane L. Bolton,
| | - Diane L. Bolton
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Kayvon Modjarrad, ; Diane L. Bolton,
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21
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Abu Fanne R, Lidawi G, Maraga E, Moed M, Roguin A, Meisel SR. Correlation between Baseline 25(OH) Vitamin D Levels and Both Humoral Immunity and Breakthrough Infection Post-COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122116. [PMID: 36560526 PMCID: PMC9784151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Vaccines against COVID-19 induce specific antibodies whose titer is perceived as a reliable correlate of protection. Vitamin D confers complex regulatory effects on the innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we explored a plausible impact of baseline vitamin D content on achieved immunity following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A retrospective observational study comprising 73,254 naïve subjects insured by the Leumit Health Service HMO, who were vaccinated between 1 February 2020 and 30 January 2022, with one available vitamin D level prior to vaccination, was performed. The association between 25(OH) vitamin D levels, SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer, and post-vaccination PCR results were evaluated. Results: Of the study population, 5026 (6.9%) tested positive for COVID-19. The proportion of low 25(OH)D levels (<30 ng/mL) was significantly higher in the PCR-positive group (81.5% vs. 79%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed a higher incidence of breakthrough infection among non-smokers [1.37 (95% CI 1.22−1.54, p < 0.001)] and lower incidences among subjects with sufficient 25(OH)D levels (>30 ng/mL) [0.87 (95% CI 0.79−0.95, p—0.004)], hyperlipidemia [0.84 (95% CI 0.76−0.93, p < 0.001], depression [OR-0.87 (95% CI: 0.79−0.96, p < 0.005], socio-economic status >10 [0.67 (95% CI 0.61−0.73, p < 0.001)], and age >44 years. SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were available in 3659 vaccinated individuals. The prevalence of antibody titers (<50 AU) among PCR-positive subjects was 42% compared to 28% among PCR-negative subjects (p < 0.001). Baseline 25(OH)D levels showed an inverse relation to total antibody titers. However, no association was found with an antibody titer <50 AU/mL fraction. Conclusion Baseline 25(OH)D levels correlated with the vaccination-associated protective COVID-19 immunity. Antibody titers <50 AU/mL were significantly linked to breakthrough infection but did not correlate with 25(OH)D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Abu Fanne
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Ghalib Lidawi
- Urology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
| | - Emad Maraga
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Mahmud Moed
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel
| | - Ariel Roguin
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
| | - Simcha-Ron Meisel
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
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22
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Zhou Y, Liu X, Wang X, Li H, Zeng G. Re: 'Association between IgG antibody levels and adverse events after first and second BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine doses' by Braun et al. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:1671-1672. [PMID: 35981692 PMCID: PMC9378246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Zhou
- Urology Department, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xiangting Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Guangting Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China,Corresponding author. Guangting Zeng, Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
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23
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Wang Y, Ma Y, Xu Y, Liu J, Li X, Chen Y, Chen Y, Xie J, Xiao L, Xiang Z, Wu F, Huang J. Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant to convalescent and CoronaVac vaccine plasma. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:424-427. [PMID: 35001836 PMCID: PMC8803103 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2027219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingdan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyuan Chen
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianbo Xiao
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghe Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Borgonovo F, Stangalini CA, Tinelli C, Mariani C, Mileto D, Cossu MV, Abbati L, Bilardo L, Gagliardi G, Cutrera M, Pellicciotta M, Armiento L, Dedivitiis G, Capetti AF, Rizzardini G. Decay rate of antiS1/S2 IgG serum levels after 6 months of BNT162b2 vaccination in a cohort of COVID-19-naive and COVID-19-experienced subjects. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2060018. [PMID: 35511791 PMCID: PMC9897653 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2060018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination toward SARS-CoV-2 reduced mortality and 'boosters' are being implemented. We offer scientific contribution about IgG production in the COVID-19 experienced population. From January 2021 to March 2021, 183 residents and staff from the Elderly Nursing Home "San Giuseppe Moscati" who had received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine were enrolled. The antibody response was assessed by the DiaSorin LIAISON-CLIA S1/S2® IgG solution. Cutoff levels for response (>39 BAU/mL) and neutralizing activity (>208 BAU/mL) were derived from DiaSorin official data. Serology was assessed before and after the first vaccination, and 2 weeks and 6 months after the second vaccination. Anti-S IgG in COVID-19 experienced, baseline IgG producers spiked after the first vaccination to median 5044 BAU/mL and decayed at 6 months to 2467.4 BAU/mL. Anti-S IgG in COVID-19 experienced, baseline IgG non-producers spiked after the second vaccination to median 1701.7 BAU/mL and decayed at 6 months to 904.8 BAU/mL. Anti-S IgG in COVID-19 naïve subjects spiked after the second vaccination to median 546 BAU/mL and decayed at 6 months to 319.8 BAU/mL. The differences between sequential timepoint levels in each group were statistically significant (p < .0001). Serology analysis revealed different kinetics between COVID-19 experienced subjects depending on baseline response, possibly predicting different IgG persistence in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Borgonovo
- 1st Division of Infectious Diseases, ‘Luigi Sacco’ University Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Tinelli
- Biometrics and Clinical Statistics Service, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Mariani
- 1st Division of Infectious Diseases, ‘Luigi Sacco’ University Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Mileto
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, ‘Luigi Sacco’ University Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Cossu
- 1st Division of Infectious Diseases, ‘Luigi Sacco’ University Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Abbati
- ’San Giuseppe Moscati’ Foundation, Milano, Italy
| | - Lara Bilardo
- ’San Giuseppe Moscati’ Foundation, Milano, Italy
| | - Gloria Gagliardi
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, ‘Luigi Sacco’ University Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Cutrera
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, ‘Luigi Sacco’ University Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Pellicciotta
- 1st Division of Infectious Diseases, ‘Luigi Sacco’ University Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Luciana Armiento
- 1st Division of Infectious Diseases, ‘Luigi Sacco’ University Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Dedivitiis
- 1st Division of Infectious Diseases, ‘Luigi Sacco’ University Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Amedeo F. Capetti
- 1st Division of Infectious Diseases, ‘Luigi Sacco’ University Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuliano Rizzardini
- 1st Division of Infectious Diseases, ‘Luigi Sacco’ University Hospital, Milano, Italy
- School of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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25
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Combating the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) and BA.2 with potent bispecific antibodies engineered from non-Omicron neutralizing antibodies. Cell Discov 2022; 8:104. [PMID: 36207299 PMCID: PMC9540141 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly mutated and transmissible Omicron (BA.1) and its more contagious lineage BA.2 have provoked serious concerns over their decreased sensitivity to the current COVID-19 vaccines and evasion from most anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). In this study, we explored the possibility of combating the Omicron and BA.2 by constructing bispecific antibodies based on non-Omicron NAbs. We engineered 10 IgG-like bispecific antibodies with non-Omicron NAbs named GW01, 16L9, 4L12, and REGN10987 by fusing the single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) of two antibodies through a linker and then connecting them to the Fc region of IgG1. Surprisingly, 8 out of 10 bispecific antibodies showed high binding affinities to the Omicron receptor-binding domain (RBD) and exhibited extreme breadth and potency against pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) including Omicron and BA.2, with geometric mean of 50% inhibitory concentration (GM IC50) values ranging from 4.5 ng/mL to 103.94 ng/mL, as well as the authentic BA.1.1. Six bispecific antibodies containing the cross-NAb GW01 not only neutralized Omicron and BA.2, but also neutralized the sarbecoviruses including SARS-CoV and SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) RS3367 and WIV1, with GM IC50 ranging from 11.6 ng/mL to 103.9 ng/mL. Mapping analyses of 42 spike (S) variant single mutants of Omicron and BA.2 elucidated that these bispecific antibodies accommodated the S371L/F mutations, which were resistant to most of the non-Omicron NAbs. A cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure study of the representative bispecific antibody GW01-16L9 (FD01) in its native full-length IgG form in complex with the Omicron S trimer revealed 5 distinct trimers and one novel trimer dimer conformation. 16L9 scFv binds the receptor-binding motif (RBM), while GW01 scFv binds a epitope outside the RBM. Two scFvs of the bispecific antibody synergistically induced the RBD-down conformation into 3 RBD-up conformation, improved the affinity between IgG and the Omicron RBD, induced the formation of trimer dimer, and inhibited RBD binding to ACE2. The trimer dimer conformation might induce the aggregation of virions and contribute to the neutralization ability of FD01. These novel bispecific antibodies are strong candidates for the treatment and prevention of infection with the Omicron, BA.2, VOCs, and other sarbecoviruses. Engineering bispecific antibodies based on non-Omicron NAbs could turn the majority of NAbs into a powerful arsenal to aid the battle against the pandemic.
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26
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Nagarajan S, Priyadharsini G, Pattabiraman K. QSPR Modeling of Status-Based Topological Indices with COVID-19 Drugs. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2127803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kannan Pattabiraman
- Department of Mathematics, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, India
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27
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Kumar PVSNK, Banerjee M, Bajpayee A, Mandal S, Mitra P, Sharma P, Misra S, Bhardwaj P. SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody and its Clinical Correlates in Convalescent Plasma Donors: An Indian Experience. Indian J Clin Biochem 2022; 37:423-431. [PMID: 34812224 PMCID: PMC8599420 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-021-01012-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, emerged a year ago in Wuhan, China causing a new pandemic. Convalescent plasma therapy has been applied previously to many infectious diseases and has shown a successful result. This study was planned to assess the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels in convalescent COVID-19 patients. In this study, serum samples from 210 persons infected by SARS-CoV-2, treated and discharged from the hospital were collected. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were detected using a chemiluminescence assay. A directory of convalescent plasma donors was created. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels vary substantially in the study population with a mean of 51.2 AU/ml. On comparing the serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels, a significant difference was observed between the subjects who had cough and those who did not (p = 0.0004). Similar significant findings were found with total protein and globulin levels on comparing the individuals with different antibody status (positive, negative and equivocal). The middle-aged and old age people had high Ab titres compared to younger individuals and the duration of the hospital stay was found to be positively correlated with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody. Cough, age and duration of the hospital stay was found to play a significant role in the development of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels. Further, the data suggests that blood groups have a lesser impact on the severity of disease and the development of antibodies. Patients who present with the cough are more likely to develop antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- PVSN Kiran Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Basni Phase -2 Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Mithu Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Basni Phase -2 Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Archana Bajpayee
- Deparment of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Saptarishi Mandal
- Deparment of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Basni Phase -2 Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Basni Phase -2 Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Department of Community Medicine & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Franzese M, Coppola L, Silva R, Santini SA, Cinquanta L, Ottomano C, Salvatore M, Incoronato M. SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses before and after a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in Italian healthcare workers aged ≤60 years: One year of surveillance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947187. [PMID: 36248864 PMCID: PMC9566572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study monitored the anti-spike-receptor-binding domain (RBD) and neutralizing antibodies induced by the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine in a cohort of 163 healthcare workers aged ≤60 years. We have taken advantage of two study groups, both of whom received the first two doses in the same time window, but Group 1 (54 HCWs) received the third dose 2 months before Group 2 (68 HCWs) did. The cohorts were monitored from the 12th day after the first vaccine dose up to 1 month after the third vaccine dose for a total of eight time points and about 1 year of surveillance (T1 = 12 days after the first dose; T2 = 10 days after the second dose; T3 = 1 month after the second dose; T4 = 3 months after the second dose; T5 = 4 months after the second dose; T6 = 5 months after the second dose; T7 = 7 months after the second dose; T8 = 1 month after the third dose for Group 1; T8* = 9 months after the second dose for Group 2; T9 = 1 month after the third dose for Group 2). The mean value of anti-spike antibodies decreased faster over time, but at T7, its decline was significantly slowed (T7 vs. T8*). After the third dose, the anti-spike titer rose about 34-fold (T7 vs. T8 and T8* vs. T9) and the booster improved the anti-spike titer by about three times compared with that of the second dose (T3 vs. T8 and T3 vs. T9), and no difference was noted between the two groups. The neutralizing titer was evaluated at T3, T7, T8, and T9. Anti-spike and neutralizing antibodies were found to be strongly correlated (r2 = 0.980; p < 0.001). At T3, 70% of the participants had a neutralizing antibody titer >91% of total anti-spike antibodies that increased to 90% after the third dose (T8 and T9). However, when the anti-spike titer reached its lowest value (T7), the neutralizing antibody levels decreased even further, representing only 44% of total anti-spike antibodies (p < 0.0001). Our findings show that the third vaccine dose improves the humoral response, but the wane of the anti-spike and neutralizing antibody titers over time is more marked in the neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Franzese
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Coppola
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Romina Silva
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Cinquanta
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Cosimo Ottomano
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Salvatore
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Incoronato
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mariarosaria Incoronato,
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Davis KAS, Carr E, Leightley D, Vitiello V, Bergin-Cartwright G, Lavelle G, Wickersham A, Malim MH, Oetzmann C, Polling C, Stevelink SAM, Razavi R, Hotopf M. Indicators of recent COVID-19 infection status: findings from a large occupational cohort of staff and postgraduate research students from a UK university. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1514. [PMID: 35945541 PMCID: PMC9363143 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers conducting cohort studies may wish to investigate the effect of episodes of COVID-19 illness on participants. A definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 is not always available, so studies have to rely on proxy indicators. This paper seeks to contribute evidence that may assist the use and interpretation of these COVID-indicators. METHODS We described five potential COVID-indicators: self-reported core symptoms, a symptom algorithm; self-reported suspicion of COVID-19; self-reported external results; and home antibody testing based on a 'lateral flow' antibody (IgG/IgM) test cassette. Included were staff and postgraduate research students at a large London university who volunteered for the study and were living in the UK in June 2020. Excluded were those who did not return a valid antibody test result. We provide descriptive statistics of prevalence and overlap of the five indicators. RESULTS Core symptoms were the most common COVID-indicator (770/1882 participants positive, 41%), followed by suspicion of COVID-19 (n = 509/1882, 27%), a positive symptom algorithm (n = 298/1882, 16%), study antibody lateral flow positive (n = 124/1882, 7%) and a positive external test result (n = 39/1882, 2%), thus a 20-fold difference between least and most common. Meeting any one indicator increased the likelihood of all others, with concordance between 65 and 94%. Report of a low suspicion of having had COVID-19 predicted a negative antibody test in 98%, but positive suspicion predicted a positive antibody test in only 20%. Those who reported previous external antibody tests were more likely to have received a positive result from the external test (24%) than the study test (15%). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the use of proxy indicators of past COVID-19, with the caveat that none is perfect. Differences from previous antibody studies, most significantly in lower proportions of participants positive for antibodies, may be partly due to a decline in antibody detection over time. Subsequent to our study, vaccination may have further complicated the interpretation of COVID-indicators, only strengthening the need to critically evaluate what criteria should be used to define COVID-19 cases when designing studies and interpreting study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A S Davis
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Ewan Carr
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Daniel Leightley
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Valentina Vitiello
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Bergin-Cartwright
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Grace Lavelle
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Alice Wickersham
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael H Malim
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, London, UK
| | - Carolin Oetzmann
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Catherine Polling
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sharon A M Stevelink
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Reza Razavi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Malézieux-Picard A, Abdul F, Herrmann FR, Caillon A, Ribaux P, Cambet Y, Yerly S, Baggio S, Vernaz N, Zekry D, Krause KH, Preynat-Seauve O, Prendki V. Decreased Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Fusion-Inhibitory Antibodies in the Serum of Aged COVID-19 Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1813. [PMID: 36010162 PMCID: PMC9406670 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was particularly devastating for elderly people, and the underlying mechanisms of the disease are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated fusion inhibitory antibodies (fiAbs) in elderly and younger COVID-19 patients and analyzed predictive factors for their occurrence. Methods: Data and samples were collected in two cohorts of hospitalized patients. A fusion assay of SARS-CoV-2 spike-expressing cells with ACE2-expressing cells was used to quantify fiAbs in the serum of patients. Results: A total of 108 patients (52 elderly (mean age 85 ± 7 years); 56 young (mean age 52 ± 10 years)) were studied. The concentrations of fiAbs were lower in geriatric patients, as evidenced at high serum dilutions (1/512). The association between fiAbs and anti-Spike Ig levels was weak (correlation coefficient < 0.3), but statistically significant. Variables associated with fusion were the delay between the onset of symptoms and testing (HR = −2.69; p < 0.001), clinical frailty scale (HR = 4.71; p = 0.035), and WHO severity score (HR = −6.01, p = 0.048). Conclusions: Elderly patients had lower fiAbs levels after COVID-19 infection. The decreased fiAbs levels were associated with frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Malézieux-Picard
- Division of Internal Medicine for the Aged, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, 3 Chemin du Pont-Bochet, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland; (D.Z.); (V.P.)
| | - Fabien Abdul
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - François R. Herrmann
- Division of Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, 3 Chemin du Pont-Bochet, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland;
| | - Aurélie Caillon
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.C.); (P.R.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Pascale Ribaux
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.C.); (P.R.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Yves Cambet
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (Y.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sabine Yerly
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (Y.C.); (S.Y.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Geneva Center for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Baggio
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vernaz
- Medical Directorate, Finance Directorate, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Dina Zekry
- Division of Internal Medicine for the Aged, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, 3 Chemin du Pont-Bochet, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland; (D.Z.); (V.P.)
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.C.); (P.R.); (K.-H.K.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Prendki
- Division of Internal Medicine for the Aged, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, 3 Chemin du Pont-Bochet, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland; (D.Z.); (V.P.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Aiello A, Grossi A, Meschi S, Meledandri M, Vanini V, Petrone L, Casetti R, Cuzzi G, Salmi A, Altera AM, Pierelli L, Gualano G, Ascoli Bartoli T, Castilletti C, Agrati C, Girardi E, Palmieri F, Nicastri E, Di Rosa E, Goletti D. Coordinated innate and T-cell immune responses in mild COVID-19 patients from household contacts of COVID-19 cases during the first pandemic wave. Front Immunol 2022; 13:920227. [PMID: 35967321 PMCID: PMC9364317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.920227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To better define the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, the present study aims to characterize the early immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in household contacts of COVID-19 cases. In particular, innate, T- and B-cell specific responses were evaluated over time. Methods Household contacts of COVID-19 cases screened for SARS−CoV−2 infection by nasopharyngeal swab for surveillance purposes were enrolled (T0, n=42). Of these, 28 subjects returned for a follow-up test (T1). The innate response was assessed by detecting a panel of soluble factors by multiplex-technology in plasma samples. Cell-mediated response was evaluated by measuring interferon (IFN)-γ levels by ELISA in plasma harvested from whole-blood stimulated with SARS−CoV−2 peptide pools, including spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins. The serological response was assessed by quantifying anti-Receptor-Binding-Domain (RBD), anti-Nucleocapsid (N), whole virus indirect immunofluorescence, and neutralizing antibodies. Results At T0, higher levels of plasmatic IFN-α, IL-1ra, MCP-1 and IP-10, and lower levels of IL-1β, IL-9, MIP-1β and RANTES were observed in subjects with positive swab compared to individuals with a negative one (p<0.05). Plasmatic IFN-α was the only cytokine detectable in subjects with positive SARS-CoV-2 swabs with high accuracy for swab score positivity (0.93, p<0.0001). Among subjects with positive swabs, significant negative correlations were found among the RT-PCR cycle threshold values reported for genes S and N and IFN-α or IP-10 levels. At T0, the IFN-γ T-cell specific response was detected in 50% (5/10) of subjects with positive swab, while anti-RBD/anti-N antibodies showed a positivity rate of 10% (1/10). At T1, the IFN-γ T-cell specific response was detected in most of the confirmed-infection subjects (77.8%, 7/9), whereas the serological response was still observed in a minority of them (44.4%, 4/9). Overall, the swab test showed a moderate concordance with the T-cell response (78.6%, k=0.467), and a scarce concordance with the serological one (72.9%, k=0.194). Conclusions Plasmatic IFN-α and the IFN-γ T-cell specific response appear early even in the absence of seroconversion, and show a greater positivity rate than the serological response in household contacts with positive swab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Aiello
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Grossi
- Local Public Health Office, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Meschi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Meledandri
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Microbiology and Virology, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Roma 1-San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanini
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Unità Operativa Semplice (UOS) Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Casetti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Cuzzi
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Salmi
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Altera
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pierelli
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Gualano
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Ascoli Bartoli
- Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Clinical Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Rosa
- Local Public Health Office, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Delia Goletti,
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Wang Y, Zhan W, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang M, Han L, Ma Y, Lu L, Wen Y, Chen Z, Zhao J, Wu F, Sun L, Huang J. A broadly neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection exhibiting a novel trimer dimer conformation in spike protein binding. Cell Res 2022; 32:862-865. [PMID: 35768499 PMCID: PMC9244094 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingdan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuqiang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Han
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Institute of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fan Wu
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinghe Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Doke P, Gothankar JS, Doke PP, Kulkarni MM, Khalate KK, Shrivastava S, Patil JR, Arankalle VA. Time dependent decline of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients from Pune, India and evidence of reinfection. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:104979. [PMID: 35452812 PMCID: PMC9020493 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess modulation of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients and understand association of variables such as age, presence of comorbidity, BMI and gender with antibody titers. METHODS Patients (n = 100) diagnosed from 20th March 2020 to 17th August 2020 and treated at two large hospitals from Pune, India were included and followed up (clinical and serologic) for varied periods. IgG-anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Spike protein-based ELISA) and neutralizing antibody titers (NAb, PRNT) were determined in all the samples. RESULTS Of the 100 patients enrolled initially (median 60 days of diagnosis), follow up samples were collected from 70 patients (median 106 days of diagnosis). Overall, NAb titers reduced significantly (p < 0.001) and as early as 3-4 months. During two visits, 20% and 7.1% patients reported some symptoms. At the first visit, NAb titers were higher in patients with severe disease (p < 0.001), comorbidities (p < 0.005), age <50 years (p < 0.05) and male gender (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified older age (p < 0.001), duration post-diagnosis and female gender as independent variables influencing NAb titers (negative correlation, p < 0.05). During the follow-up, reduction in NAb titers was recorded in patients with comorbidity (p < 0.05), mild disease (p < 0.05), age <50 years (p < 0.05), higher BMI (p < 0.05) and male gender (p < 0.001). Serology identified six cases of asymptomatic reinfections. CONCLUSIONS Decline of NAb titers was associated with age <50 years, mild disease, comorbidities, higher BMI and male gender. At the time of follow up, 8/70 (11.4%) patients lacked neutralizing antibodies. Evidence of 6 probable asymptomatic reinfections suggests waning of immunity, but, probable protection from clinical disease needing hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purwa Doke
- Department of Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayshree Sachin Gothankar
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash Prabhakarrao Doke
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Shubham Shrivastava
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayesh Rangrao Patil
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidya Avinash Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra, India,Corresponding author
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Trajectory patterns of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody response in convalescent COVID-19 patients. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:53. [PMID: 35603297 PMCID: PMC9120513 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The adaptive immune responses of COVID-19 patients contributes to virus clearance, restoration of health and protection from re-infection. The patterns of and the associated characteristics with longitudinal neutralising antibody (NAb) response following SARS-CoV-2 infection are important in their potential association with the population risks of re-infection. Methods This is a longitudinal study with blood samples and clinical data collected in adults aged 18 or above following diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. NAb levels were measured by the SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT). Anonymous clinical and laboratory data were matched with surveillance data for each subject for enabling analyses and applying latent class mixed models for trajectory delineation. Logistic regression models were performed to compare the characteristics between the identified classes. Results In 2020–2021, 368 convalescent patients in Hong Kong are tested for NAb. Their seroconversion occur within 3 months in 97% symptomatic patients, the level of which are maintained at 97% after 9 months. The NAb trajectories of 200 symptomatic patients are classified by the initial response and subsequent trend into high-persistent and waning classes in latent class mixed models. High-persistent (15.5%) class patients are older and most have chronic illnesses. Waning class patients (84.5%) are largely young adults who are mildly symptomatic including 2 who serorevert after 10 months. Conclusions Characteristic sub-class variabilities in clinical pattern are noted especially among patients with waning NAb. The heterogeneity of the NAb trajectory patterns and their clinical association can be important for informing vaccination strategy to prevent re-infection. Neutralising antibodies are produced by the immune system and help to defend against viruses like SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. Declining levels of these antibodies over time might be linked to risk of re-infection with the virus. Here, we look at changes in neutralising antibody levels over time in people who have had COVID-19. We define two classes of people: those with persistently high levels of antibodies over time, who are more likely to be older and have chronic illnesses, and those with declining antibody levels, who are younger and had mild COVID-19 symptoms. Understanding differences in how these antibodies are maintained over time in different groups of people might help to guide vaccination strategies to prevent re-infection. Wong, Lee et al. analyse trajectory patterns in the neutralising antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent COVID-19 patients. The authors identify two major classes of patients—high-persistent and waning—reporting specific clinical characteristics of each class, which could help with targeted vaccination strategies.
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Carrat F, Villarroel PMS, Lapidus N, Fourié T, Blanché H, Dorival C, Nicol J, Deleuze JF, Robineau O, Touvier M, Severi G, Zins M, de Lamballerie X. Heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination and/or infection in the general population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8622. [PMID: 35597776 PMCID: PMC9123863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the intensity, dynamics and determinants of the antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in the general population is critical to guide vaccination policies. This study characterized the anti-spike IgG titers in 13,971 participants included in a French multicohort population-based serological survey on COVID-19 between April and October 2020 and followed-up with serological testing between May and October 2021. Eight follow-up profiles were defined depending on SARS-CoV-2 infection (0, 1 or 2) and COVID-19 vaccination (0, 1, 2 or 3). The anti-spike titer was lower in adults with no vaccination even in case of infection or reinfection, while it was higher in adults with infection followed by vaccination. The anti-spike titer was negatively correlated with age in vaccinated but uninfected adults, whereas it was positively correlated with age in unvaccinated but infected adults. In adults with 2 vaccine injections and no infection, the vaccine protocol, age, gender, and time since the last vaccine injection were independently associated with the anti-spike titer. The decrease in anti-spike titer was much more rapid in vaccinated than in infected subjects. These results highlight the strong heterogeneity of the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in the general population depending on previous infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Carrat
- Institut Pierre-Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Département de santé publique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, APHP, 27 rue Chaligny, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France.
| | - Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Aix Marseille Univ, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Nathanael Lapidus
- Institut Pierre-Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Département de santé publique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, APHP, 27 rue Chaligny, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Toscane Fourié
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Aix Marseille Univ, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Blanché
- Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH (Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain), CEPH-Biobank, Paris, France
| | - Céline Dorival
- Institut Pierre-Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Nicol
- Institut Pierre-Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH (Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain), CEPH-Biobank, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Robineau
- Institut Pierre-Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP UMR1018, UVSQ, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marie Zins
- Paris University, Paris, France
- UVSQ, Inserm UMS 11, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, Villejuif, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Aix Marseille Univ, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Novel sarbecovirus bispecific neutralizing antibodies with exceptional breadth and potency against currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and sarbecoviruses. Cell Discov 2022; 8:36. [PMID: 35443747 PMCID: PMC9021188 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern, including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529) has aroused concerns over their increased infectivity and transmissibility, as well as decreased sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Such exigencies call for the development of pan-sarbecovirus vaccines or inhibitors to combat the circulating SARS-CoV-2 NAb-escape variants and other sarbecoviruses. In this study, we isolated a broadly NAb against sarbecoviruses named GW01 from a donor who recovered from COVID-19. Cryo-EM structure and competition assay revealed that GW01 targets a highly conserved epitope in a wide spectrum of different sarbecoviruses. However, we found that GW01, the well-known sarbecovirus NAb S309, and the potent SARS-CoV-2 NAbs CC12.1 and REGN10989 only neutralize about 90% of the 56 tested currently circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2 including Omicron. Therefore, to improve efficacy, we engineered an IgG-like bispecific antibody GW01-REGN10989 (G9) consisting of single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) of GW01 and REGN10989. We found that G9 could neutralize 100% of NAb-escape mutants (23 out of 23), including Omicron variant, with a geometric mean (GM) 50% inhibitory concentration of 8.8 ng/mL. G9 showed prophylactic and therapeutic effects against SARS-CoV-2 infection of both the lung and brain in hACE2-transgenic mice. Site-directed mutagenesis analyses revealed that GW01 and REGN10989 bind to the receptor-binding domain in different epitopes and from different directions. Since G9 targets the epitopes for both GW01 and REGN10989, it was effective against variants with resistance to GW01 or REGN10989 alone and other NAb-escape variants. Therefore, this novel bispecific antibody, G9, is a strong candidate for the treatment and prevention of infection by SARS-CoV-2, NAb-escape variants, and other sarbecoviruses that may cause future emerging or re-emerging coronavirus diseases.
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Labropoulou S, Vassilaki N, Milona RS, Terpos E, Politou M, Pappa V, Pagoni M, Grouzi E, Dimopoulos MA, Mentis A, Emmanouil M, Angelakis E. Characterizing Kinetics and Avidity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Greek Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:758. [PMID: 35458488 PMCID: PMC9024518 DOI: 10.3390/v14040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In-depth understanding of the immune response provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary, as there is a great risk of reinfection and a difficulty in achieving herd immunity due to a decline in both antibody concentration and avidity. Avidity testing, however, could overcome variability in the immune response associated with sex or clinical symptoms, and thus differentiate between recent and past infections. In this context, here, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics and avidity in Greek hospitalized (26%) and non-hospitalized (74%) COVID-19 patients (N = 71) in the course of up to 15 months after their infection to improve the accuracy of the serological diagnosis in dating the onset of the infection. The results showed that IgG-S1 levels decline significantly at four months (p = 0.0239) in both groups of patients and are higher in hospitalized ones (up to 2.1-fold, p < 0.001). Additionally, hospitalized patients’ titers drop greatly and are equalized to non-hospitalized ones only at a time-point of twelve to fifteen months. Antibody levels of women in total remain more stable months after infection, compared to men. Furthermore, we examined the differential maturation of IgG avidity after SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing an incomplete maturation of avidity that results in a plateau at four months after infection. We also defined 38.2% avidity (sensitivity: 58.9%, specificity: 90.91%) as an appropriate “cut-off” that could be used to determine the stage of infection before avidity reaches a plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Labropoulou
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Raphaela S. Milona
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Marianna Politou
- Hematology Laboratory Blood Bank, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Hematology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Pagoni
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology and Lymphomas, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Elisavet Grouzi
- Department of Transfusion Service and Clinical Hemostasis, “Saint Savvas” Oncology Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece;
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Andreas Mentis
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Mary Emmanouil
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Emmanouil Angelakis
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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Duarte GDC, Simoni V, Ribeiro GN, Haddad R, Moschen M, Toledo RSM, Ottoboni MAP, Mendrone-Junior A, Langhi DM. Development and implementation of a COVID-19 convalescent plasma program in a middle-income economy. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2022; 44:206-212. [PMID: 35071990 PMCID: PMC8767797 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Convalescent Plasma therapy is one of the therapeutic strategies that has been used for patients with the Covid-19 disease. Implementing a program with national extension to supply hospitals with this blood component is a great challenge mainly in a middle-income economy. Objectives Our objective was to develop and implement a Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma Program which met established quality standards and was adapted to a reality of limited resources. Methods A multicentric convalescent plasma collection program was developed and implemented, based on four main sequential procedures: selective donor recruitment, pre-donation antibody screening (Anti-SARS-CoV-2- Chemiluminescence IgG Abbott), convalescent plasma collection by apheresis or whole-blood processing and distribution to the hospitals according to local demand. Results From the 572 candidates submitted to the pre-donation antibody screening, only 270 (47%) were considered eligible for plasma donation according to the established criteria. Higher levels of total antibody were associated with the donor age being above 45 years old (p = 0.002), hospital admission (p = 0.018), and a shorter interval between the diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and plasma donation (p < 0.001). There was no association between the ABO and Rh blood groups and their antibody levels. Of the 468 donations made, 61% were from the collection of whole-blood and 39%, from apheresis. The Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma units obtained were distributed to 21 different cities throughout the country by air or ground transportation. Conclusion The implementation of a Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma program in a continental country with relatively scarce resources is feasible with alternative strategies to promote lower cost procedures, while complying with local regulations and meeting quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dante Mario Langhi
- HHemo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Fundação Pró-Sangue, Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kaygusuz S, Korukluoğlu G, Coşgun Y, Şahin Ö, Arslan F. INVESTIGATION AND LONG-TERM MONITORING OF THE PRESENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 DISEASE OF DIFFERENT CLINICAL SEVERITY. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3596-3604. [PMID: 35365870 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical to public health policy and vaccine development and prevention of reinfections for COVID-19. It is important to know the neutralizing capacity of antibodies and to monitor their persistence. METHODS Patients with Covid-19 were divided into four groups (severe-critical, moderate, mild and asymptomatic) according to their clinical severity. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike viral surface protein were investigated by ELISA method 3 months and 9 months after the onset of the disease. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) response was evaluated by microneutralization test. Patients who received at least two doses of COVID-19 vaccine after illness were enrolled. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 IgG and NAb titers were shown to be strongly correlated with disease severity. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibody levels were found to be compatible with each other. After 9 months of follow-up, both IgG and NA levels continued unabated in individuals who had the disease. In individuals who received at least two doses of the vaccine, these levels increased, except for severe-critical patients. CONCLUSIONS High levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG are indicative, as it is difficult to investigate NAb in routine laboratories. At the same time, it can be predicted that this period may be much longer if it continues for at least 9 months and is reinforced with vaccination. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Kaygusuz
- Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infection Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Gülay Korukluoğlu
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, National Virology Reference Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Coşgun
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, National Virology Reference Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömer Şahin
- Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infection Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Arslan
- Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infection Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Zhai B, Clarke K, Bauer DL, Moehling Geffel KK, Kupul S, Schratz LJ, Nowalk MP, McElroy AK, McLachlan JB, Zimmerman RK, Alcorn JF. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response Is Associated with Age and Body Mass Index in Convalescent Outpatients. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1711-1718. [PMID: 35321882 PMCID: PMC8976825 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has had an unprecedented global impact on human health. Understanding the Ab memory responses to infection is one tool needed to effectively control the pandemic. Among 173 outpatients who had virologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, we evaluated serum Ab concentrations, microneutralization activity, and enumerated SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells in convalescent human blood specimens. Serum Ab concentrations were variable, allowing for stratification of the cohort into high and low responders. Neither participant sex, the timing of blood sampling following the onset of illness, nor the number of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific B cells correlated with serum Ab concentration. Serum Ab concentration was positively associated with microneutralization activity and participant age, with participants under the age of 30 showing the lowest Ab level. These data suggest that young adult outpatients did not generate as robust Ab memory, compared with older adults. Body mass index was also positively correlated with serum Ab levels. Multivariate analyses showed that participant age and body mass index were independently associated with Ab levels. These findings have direct implications for public health policy and current vaccine efforts. Knowledge gained regarding Ab memory following infection will inform the need for vaccination in those previously infected and allow for a better approximation of population-wide protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhai
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Karen Clarke
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David L Bauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; and
| | | | - Saran Kupul
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lucas J Schratz
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M Patricia Nowalk
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anita K McElroy
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - James B McLachlan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; and
| | - Richard K Zimmerman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Carr E, Davis K, Bergin-Cartwright G, Lavelle G, Leightley D, Oetzmann C, Polling C, Stevelink SAM, Wickersham A, Razavi R, Hotopf M. Mental health among UK university staff and postgraduate students in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Occup Environ Med 2022; 79:259-267. [PMID: 34675129 PMCID: PMC8550872 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise the baseline King's College London Coronavirus Health and Experiences of Colleagues at King's cohort and describe patterns of probable depression and anxiety among staff and postgraduate research students at a large UK university in April/May 2020. METHODS An online survey was sent to current staff and postgraduate research students via email in April 2020 (n=2590). Primary outcomes were probable depression and anxiety, measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. Secondary outcomes were alcohol use and perceived change in mental health. Outcomes were described using summary statistics and multivariable Poisson regression was used to explore associations with six groups of predictors: demographics and prior mental health, living arrangements, caring roles, healthcare, occupational factors and COVID-19 infection. All analyses were weighted to account for differences between the sample and target population in terms of age, gender, and ethnicity. RESULTS Around 20% of staff members and 30% of postgraduate research students met thresholds for probable depression or anxiety on the questionnaires. This doubled to around 40% among younger respondents aged <25. Other factors associated with probable depression and anxiety included female gender, belonging to an ethnic minority group, caregiving responsibilities and shielding or isolating. Around 20% of participants were found to reach cut-off for hazardous drinking on Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, while 30% were drinking more than before the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows worrying levels of symptoms of depression, anxiety and alcohol use disorder in an occupational sample from a large UK university in the months following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Carr
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katrina Davis
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Bergin-Cartwright
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Leightley
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- King's Centre for Military Health Research and Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carolin Oetzmann
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Polling
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sharon A M Stevelink
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- King's Centre for Military Health Research and Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Wickersham
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Reza Razavi
- King's College London School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Ghavami SB, Shahrokh S, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Khoramjoo SM, Farmani M, Kazemifard N, Parigi TL, Danese S, Balaii H, Sherkat G, Ebrahimi Daryani N, Alborzi F, Vossoughinia H, Zali MR. Serological response to
SARS‐CoV
‐2 is attenuated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and can affect immunization. JGH Open 2022; 6:266-269. [PMID: 35475199 PMCID: PMC9021711 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Baradaran Ghavami
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Mobin Khoramjoo
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Farmani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Nesa Kazemifard
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Tommaso Lorenzo Parigi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University Milan Italy
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Silivio Danese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University Milan Italy
- IBD Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano Milan Italy
| | - Hedieh Balaii
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ghazal Sherkat
- Medicine Faculty of Mashhad Branch Islamic Azad University Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Foroogh Alborzi
- Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hassan Vossoughinia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Gong X, Cui P, Wu H, Pan H, Teng Z, Yuan F, Mao S, Kong D, Han R, Zhao X, Zheng Y, Xiao W, Zhu Y, Fang Q, Lin S, Jin B, Chu R, Jiang C, Yu X, Qiu Q, Lu Y, Wang W, Fu C, Sun X. Long-term immune responses in patients with confirmed novel coronavirus disease-2019: a 9-month prospective cohort study in Shanghai, China. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:240. [PMID: 35272627 PMCID: PMC8907900 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Covid-19 patients remains uncertain. Longitudinal serological studies are needed to prevent disease and transmission of the virus. METHODS In 2020, 414 blood samples were tested, obtained from 157 confirmed Covid-19 patients, in a prospective cohort study in Shanghai. RESULTS The seropositive rate of IgM peaked at 40.5% (17/42) within 1 month after illness onset and then declined. The seropositive rate of IgG was 90.6% (58/64) after 2 months, remained above 85% from 2 to 9 months and was 90.9% (40/44) after 9 months. Generalized estimating equations models suggested that IgM (P < 0.001) but not IgG significantly decreased over time. Age ≥ 40 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.531; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.879-10.932), and cigarette smoking (aOR 0.344; 95% CI 0.124-0.951) were associated with IgG, and age ≥ 40 years (aOR 2.820; 95% CI 1.579-5.036) was associated with IgM. After seroconversion, over 90% and 75.1% of subjects were estimated to remain IgG-positive 220 and 254 days, respectively. Of 1420 self-reported symptoms questionnaires, only 5% reported symptoms 9 months after onset. CONCLUSIONS In patients with a history of natural infection, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG is long-lived, being present for at least 9 months after illness onset. The long duration of natural immunity can mitigate and eliminate Covid-19 and the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Gong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyu Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Teng
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghua Mao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Dechuan Kong
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruobing Han
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxu Zheng
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Xiao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwen Fang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Bihong Jin
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilin Chu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Fu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
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Clark NM, Janaka SK, Hartman W, Stramer S, Goodhue E, Weiss J, Evans DT, Connor JP. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent plasma do not enhance viral infection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0257930. [PMID: 35259162 PMCID: PMC8903276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 has resulted in the death of nearly 4 million people within the last 18 months. While preventive vaccination, and monoclonal antibody therapies have been rapidly developed and deployed, early in the pandemic the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was a common means of passive immunization with a theoretical risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of viral infection. Though vaccines elicit a strong and protective immune response and transfusion of CCP with high titers of neutralization activity are correlated with better clinical outcomes, the question of whether antibodies in CCP can enhance infection of SARS-CoV-2 has not been directly addressed. In this study, we analyzed for and observed passive transfer of neutralization activity with CCP transfusion. Furthermore, to specifically understand if antibodies against the spike protein (S) enhance infection, we measured the anti-S IgG, IgA, and IgM responses and adapted retroviral-pseudotypes to measure virus neutralization with target cells expressing the ACE2 virus receptor and the Fc alpha receptor (FcαR) or Fc gamma receptor IIA (FcγRIIA). Whereas neutralizing activity of CCP correlated best with higher titers of anti-S IgG antibodies, the neutralizing titer was not affected when Fc receptors were present on target cells. These observations support the absence of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE) by IgG and IgA isotypes found in CCP. The results presented, therefore, not only supports the therapeutic use of currently available antibody-based treatment, including the continuation of CCP transfusion strategies, but also the use of various vaccine platforms in a prophylactic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M. Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sanath Kumar Janaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - William Hartman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Susan Stramer
- American Red Cross, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Erin Goodhue
- American Red Cross, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - John Weiss
- American Red Cross, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - David T. Evans
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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45
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Lui DTW, Li YK, Lee CH, Chow WS, Lee ACH, Tam AR, Pang P, Ho TY, Cheung CYY, Fong CHY, To KKW, Tan KCB, Woo YC, Hung IFN, Lam KSL. A prospective study of the impact of glycaemic status on clinical outcomes and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses among patients with predominantly non-severe COVID-19. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 185:109232. [PMID: 35131374 PMCID: PMC8816793 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We carried out this prospective study of predominantly non-severe COVID-19 patients, to evaluate the influence of glycaemic status on clinical outcomes and neutralising antibody (Nab) responses, potentially relevant to the COVID-19 vaccination programme. METHODS We included consecutive adults admitted to Queen Mary Hospital for COVID-19 from July 2020-May 2021. Glycaemic status was defined by admission HbA1c. Clinical deterioration was defined by radiological progression/new oxygen requirement/intensive care requirement/death. COVID-19 survivors had Nab measurements at 1-month, 2-month, 3-month and 6-month post-discharge. RESULTS Among 605 patients (96.9% non-severe COVID-19; 325 normoglycaemia, 185 prediabetes, 95 diabetes), 74 (12.2%) had clinical deterioration, more likely with worse glycaemic status and higher HbA1c (p < 0.001). Older age (p < 0.001), higher viral loads (p < 0.001), higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.001) and symptomatic presentation (p = 0.008), but not glycaemic status/HbA1c, independently predicted clinical deterioration. Older age (p = 0.001), higher CRP (p = 0.038), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.046) and interferon treatment (p = 0.001), but not glycaemic status/HbA1c, independently predicted Nab titres. Rate of Nab titre decline was comparable across glycaemic status. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 patients with worse glycaemic status were more likely to deteriorate clinically, mediated through the association of worse glycaemic status with older age, more severe inflammation and higher viral loads. Importantly, Nab responses did not differ across glycaemic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tak Wai Lui
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Kiu Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Sun Chow
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alan Chun Hong Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony Raymond Tam
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Polly Pang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tip Yin Ho
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chloe Yu Yan Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol Ho Yi Fong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin Kai Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathryn Choon Beng Tan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Cho Woo
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan Fan Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Karen Siu Ling Lam
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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46
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Slev PR. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Serology Testing - A Laboratory Primer. Clin Lab Med 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 35153044 PMCID: PMC8563364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In 2019, an emerging coronavirus, SARS-COV-2, was first identified. In the months since, SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic of unimaginable scale. In 2021, SARS-CoV-2 continues to be a huge public health burden and a dominating issue in health care. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 has placed a spotlight on laboratory medicine and its key role in infectious disease management. The SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing landscape is vast and consists of dozens of antibody tests that have received EUA. The laboratory is faced with choosing the right test, staying current with the rapidly evolving recommendations, and updating test information for clients and clinicians. This review addresses what we know about the humoral response in SARS-CoV-2 infection and how this knowledge translates into appropriate serology test choice, utility, and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R. Slev
- Immunology Division, ARUP Laboratories, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 80108, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,ARUP Laboratories, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 80108, USA
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47
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Beaudoin-Bussières G, Chen Y, Ullah I, Prévost J, Tolbert WD, Symmes K, Ding S, Benlarbi M, Gong SY, Tauzin A, Gasser R, Chatterjee D, Vézina D, Goyette G, Richard J, Zhou F, Stamatatos L, McGuire AT, Charest H, Roger M, Pozharski E, Kumar P, Mothes W, Uchil PD, Pazgier M, Finzi A. A Fc-enhanced NTD-binding non-neutralizing antibody delays virus spread and synergizes with a nAb to protect mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110368. [PMID: 35123652 PMCID: PMC8786652 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that both neutralizing and Fc-mediated effector functions of antibodies contribute to protection against SARS-CoV-2. It is unclear whether Fc-effector functions alone can protect against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we isolated CV3-13, a non-neutralizing antibody, from a convalescent individual with potent Fc-mediated effector functions. The cryoelectron microscopy structure of CV3-13 in complex with the SARS-CoV-2 spike reveals that the antibody binds from a distinct angle of approach to an N-terminal domain (NTD) epitope that only partially overlaps with the NTD supersite recognized by neutralizing antibodies. CV3-13 does not alter the replication dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 mice, but its Fc-enhanced version significantly delays virus spread, neuroinvasion, and death in prophylactic settings. Interestingly, the combination of Fc-enhanced non-neutralizing CV3-13 with Fc-compromised neutralizing CV3-25 completely protects mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Altogether, our data demonstrate that efficient Fc-mediated effector functions can potently contribute to the in vivo efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - William D Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Kelly Symmes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shang Yu Gong
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Dani Vézina
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fei Zhou
- Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Unit on Structural Biology, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew T McGuire
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hughes Charest
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Michel Roger
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Edwin Pozharski
- University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA.
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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48
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Xu G, Qi F, Wang H, Liu Y, Wang X, Zou R, Yuan J, Liao X, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhang Z. The Transient IFN Response and the Delay of Adaptive Immunity Feature the Severity of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 12:816745. [PMID: 35095917 PMCID: PMC8795972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 patients show heterogeneous and dynamic immune features which determine the clinical outcome. Here, we built a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset for dissecting these complicated immune responses through a longitudinal survey of COVID-19 patients with various categories of outcomes. The data reveals a highly fluctuating peripheral immune landscape in severe COVID-19, whereas the one in asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 is relatively steady. Then, the perturbed immune landscape in peripheral blood returned to normal state in those recovered from severe COVID-19. Importantly, the imbalance of the excessively strong innate immune response and delayed adaptive immunity in the early stage of viral infection accelerates the progression of the disease, indicated by a transient strong IFN response and weak T/B-cell specific response. The proportion of abnormal monocytes appeared early and rose further throughout the severe disease. Our data indicate that a dynamic immune landscape is associated with the progression and recovery of severe COVID-19, and have provided multiple immune biomarkers for early warning of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Furong Qi
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongrong Zou
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuejiao Liao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-Infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, China
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49
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Longitudinal analysis of antibody dynamics in COVID-19 convalescents reveals neutralizing responses up to 16 months after infection. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:423-433. [PMID: 35132197 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-01051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents is crucial in controlling the pandemic and informing vaccination strategies. Here we measured nAb titres across 411 sequential plasma samples collected during 1-480 d after illness onset or laboratory confirmation (d.a.o.) from 214 COVID-19 convalescents, covering the clinical spectrum of disease and without additional exposure history after recovery or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, using authentic SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization (MN) assays. Forty-eight samples were also tested for neutralizing activities against the circulating variants using pseudotyped neutralization assay. Results showed that anti-RBD IgG and MN titres peaked at ~120 d.a.o. and subsequently declined, with significantly reduced nAb responses found in 91.67% of COVID-19 convalescents (≥50% decrease in current MN titres compared with the paired peak MN titres). Despite this decline, majority of the COVID-19 convalescents maintained detectable anti-RBD IgG and MN titres at 400-480 d.a.o., with undetectable neutralizing activity found in 14.41% (16/111) of the mild and 50% (5/10) of the asymptomatic infections at 330-480 d.a.o. Persistent antibody-dependent immunity could provide protection against circulating variants after one year, despite significantly decreased neutralizing activities against Beta, Delta and Mu variants. In conclusion, these data show that despite a marked decline in neutralizing activity over time, nAb responses persist for up to 480 d in most convalescents of symptomatic COVID-19, whereas a high rate of undetectable nAb responses was found in convalescents from asymptomatic infections.
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50
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Sabalza M, Heckler I, Elhage A, Venkataraman I, Henry B. COVID-19: Testing Landscape Post-Infection, -Vaccination, and Future Perspectives. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:5-14. [PMID: 35020523 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. Although molecular testing remains the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, serological testing enables the evaluation of the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination, and can be used to assess community viral spread. This review summarizes and analyzes the current landscape of SARS-CoV-2 testing in the United States and includes guidance on both when and why it is important to use direct pathogen detection and/or serological testing. The usefulness of monitoring humoral and cellular immune responses in infected and vaccinated patients is also addressed. Finally, this review considers current challenges, future perspectives for SARS-CoV-2 testing, and how diagnostics are being adapted as the virus evolves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aya Elhage
- EUROIMMUN US, Mountain Lakes, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Brandon Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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