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Prod'hom D, Rosselet Amoussou J, Plessen KJ, Cuissart de Grelle N, Gaultier S. Adaptative Skills and Global Functioning of Unaccompanied Migrant Minors in Europe: A Systematised Review. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1606625. [PMID: 38988503 PMCID: PMC11233468 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This systematised review aimed to examine European literature reporting data about adaptative skills and global external functioning of unaccompanied minors (UAMs). Methods We conducted a systematised screening of four databases (APA PsycINFO Ovid, Medline Ovid ALL, Embase.com and Web Of Science Core Collection) using a research strategy including social, scholarly and behavioural abilities as well as externalising problems associated with the target population of UAMs. Thirty articles were included using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Our review showed that despite high levels of internalising disorders, socio-behavioural and educational adjustment of UAMs remained positive. It demonstrated how this population displays a strong desire for academic success and prosocial behaviours instead of aggressivity in everyday life. Nevertheless, our review drew attention to the strong tendency of UAMs to internalise their disorders and display chronic distress and problematic behaviours which increased with time spent in the host country. Conclusion Our study draws attention to the risk of underestimating the real mental health needs of refugees, due to preserved external functioning combined with significant settlement pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Prod'hom
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sydney Gaultier
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Agebjörn J, Gillberg C, Eberhard J, Billstedt E, Nyrenius J. Association Between Autism and PTSD Among Adult Psychiatric Outpatients. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06439-7. [PMID: 38916696 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) occurs in 1-1.5% of the general population and possibly in up to 20% of psychiatric outpatients. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) occurs at some point in life in 4% of the general population and in 14-20% of psychiatric outpatients. Knowledge about how PTSD manifests in people with ASD is important in order for it to be correctly diagnosed and intervened for. METHODS This study investigated the relationship between PTSD and autism among adult psychiatric outpatients (N = 90) of whom 63 had ASD or subthreshold ASD based on DSM-5 criteria. The study group was subjected to in-depth psychiatric assessments using validated instruments. Diagnosis of PTSD was made based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). RESULTS There was a trend towards PTSD being more common among participants with ASD compared to participants without ASD, although significant differences could not be shown in this small sample. 21% of the ASD group had current PTSD, compared to 4% of the study group without ASD. There were no differences between the groups regarding exposure to trauma. There was a trend towards a relationship between number of autism symptoms and hyperarousal symptoms in PTSD. Conversely, the PTSD symptom of irritability/outbursts of anger, was significantly associated with number of autism symptoms. CONCLUSIONS A subgroup of psychiatric outpatients with ASD also suffer from PTSD. Hyperarousal symptoms are possibly more prevalent in the presentation of PTSD in individuals/patients with ASD compared to those without ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Agebjörn
- Adult Psychiatric Clinic Arlöv, Region Skåne, Arlöv, Sweden.
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Eberhard
- Adult Psychiatry Helsingborg, Region Skåne, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Sciences Lund/Clinical Sciences Helsingborg,, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Billstedt
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Nyrenius
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Adult Psychiatry Helsingborg, Region Skåne, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Sciences Lund/Clinical Sciences Helsingborg,, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Demange PA, Boomsma DI, van Bergen E, Nivard MG. Evaluating the causal relationship between educational attainment and mental health. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.01.26.23285029. [PMID: 36747639 PMCID: PMC9901051 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.23285029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the causal relationship between educational attainment (EA) and mental health using two research designs. First, we compare the relationship between EA and 18 psychiatric diagnoses within sibship in Dutch national registry data (N=1.7 million), thereby controlling for unmeasured familial factors. Second, we apply two-sample Mendelian Randomization, which uses genetic variants related to EA or psychiatric diagnosis as instrumental variables, to test whether there is a causal relation in either direction. Our results suggest that lower levels of EA causally increase the risk of MDD, ADHD, alcohol dependence, GAD and PTSD diagnoses. We also find evidence of a causal effect of ADHD on EA. For schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, OCD, and bipolar disorder, results were inconsistent across the different approaches, highlighting the importance of using multiple research designs to understand complex relationships such as between EA and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perline A Demange
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute LEARN!, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elsje van Bergen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute LEARN!, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel G Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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d'Arqom A, Akram M, Azzahranisa NS, Nasution MZ, Surjaningrum ER, Yusof J. Societal influence and psychological distress among Indonesian adults in Java on the early Omicron wave of COVID-19. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO894. [PMID: 37753359 PMCID: PMC10518838 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Changes during the COVID-19 pandemic might create pressure on different people, thus this study aimed to measure respondents' psychological distress during the early phase of the Omicron wave in Java Island. Methods A web-based survey on societal influence and COVID-19-related psychological distress was distributed through social media in November-December 2021, and received 396 responses. Results This study showed that almost 50% of respondents faced psychological distress during the early phase of the Omicron variant, especially concerning hypervigilance and avoidance. Several sociodemographic factors might contribute to the incidence of psychological distress including comorbidity, age and education. Conclusion Taken together, the incidence of COVID-19-related psychological distress was still found in the early phase of the Omicron variant, especially among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette d'Arqom
- Division of Pharmacology & Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, 60131, Indonesia
- Airlangga Research Group for Translational Medicine & Therapeutic, Universitas Airlangga, 60131, Indonesia
| | - Muh Akram
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60131, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Junaidah Yusof
- School of Human Resource Development & Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
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Edeh AN, Uwakwe R, Obindo TJ, Agbir MT, Akanni OO. A comparative study of posttraumatic stress disorder in two post-conflict communities in Benue state Nigeria. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2023; 2:100105. [PMID: 38515464 PMCID: PMC10953910 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Background The attendant long-term mental health consequence of the conflict of various kinds in Nigeria is yet to be thoroughly investigated. The Tiv-Fulani farmer-herdsmen crisis is one such conflict that occurred in 2013/2014 in Guma local government in Benue state. Aims This study seeks to find out some years after the crisis, the prevalence difference in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) between a community (Uikpiam) with direct exposure to the conflict and another (Daudu) with indirect exposure, the pattern of distribution of PTSD symptoms and the associate factors of PTSD. Methods It is a cross-sectional one that employed a multi-stage cluster sampling method to select 413 participants; 135 from Uikpiam and 278 from Daudu. The study instruments administered included a questionnaire with some socio-demographic variables and an extract from the PTSD module of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results The prevalence rate of PTSD was higher in Uikpiam (16.3%) when compared to Daudu (4.3%). A high proportion of sub-threshold symptoms of PTSD was recorded in both communities. An association was found between a lower educational qualification and PTSD (χ2 = 8.373; p = 0.039). Conclusion PTSD can be a prolonged mental ill-effect of crisis and proximity to trauma sites increases vulnerability including lower education. This study looked at PTSD only as an outcome of this crisis, but mental health adverse outcomes of the crisis may not be limited to this alone, hence the need for further investigations for relevant stakeholders to act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladi N. Edeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Richard Uwakwe
- Nnamdi Azikwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo J. Obindo
- Department of Psychiatry, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Michael T. Agbir
- Department of Psychiatry, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Oluyemi O. Akanni
- Clinical Services, Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
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Sidorchuk A, Brander G, Pérez-Vigil A, Crowley JJ, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, Mataix-Cols D, Nordsletten AE. One versus two biological parents with mental disorders: Relationship to educational attainment in the next generation. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7025-7041. [PMID: 36545765 PMCID: PMC10719631 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both maternal and, separately, paternal mental illness are associated with diminished academic attainment among children. However, the differential impacts of diagnostic type and degree of parental burden (e.g. one v. both parents affected) on these functional outcomes are unknown. METHODS Using the Swedish national patient (NPR) and multi-generation (MGR) registers, 2 226 451 children (1 290 157 parental pairs), born 1 January 1973-31 December 1997, were followed through 31 December 2013. Diagnostic status of all cohort members was defined for eleven psychiatric disorders, and families classed by exposure: (1) parents affected with any disorder, (2) parents affected with a disorder group (e.g. neuropsychiatric disorders), and (3) parents affected with a specific disorder (e.g. ADHD). Pairs were further defined as 'unaffected,' 'single-affected,', or 'dual-affected.' Among offspring, the study evaluated fulfillment of four academic milestones, from compulsory (primary) school through University (college). Sensitivity analyses considered the impact of child's own mental health, as well as parental education, on main effects. RESULTS Marked reductions in the odds of achievement were observed, emerging at the earliest levels of schooling for both single-affected [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.50; 95% CI 0.49-0.51] and dual-affected (aOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.28-0.30) pairs and persisting thereafter [aOR range (single), 0.52-0.65; aOR range (dual), 0.30-0.40]. This pattern was repeated for analyses within diagnosis/diagnostic group. Main results were robust to adjustment for offspring mental health and parent education level. CONCLUSIONS Parental mental illness is associated with profound reductions in educational attainment in the subsequent generation, with children from dual-affected families at uniquely high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sidorchuk
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Brander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ana Pérez-Vigil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James J. Crowley
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro Universitet, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashley E. Nordsletten
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Oyekunle V, Tomita A, Gibbs A. High levels of poor mental health among young men in urban informal settlements in South Africa: a community-based study of social determinants. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2606-2620. [PMID: 35699350 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2088816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Informal settlements (high population density areas at the outskirts of urban areas characterized by lack basic amenities) in South Africa are consequences of apartheid regime's discriminatory migrant labour and spatial policy and continue to grow. Living in informal settlements accompanies a mire of social/health challenges that threatens upward mobility, but few studies exist that document drivers of mental health challenges in these settings. We investigated the prevalence and social determinants of poor mental health for young men in informal settlements adjacent to one of the largest cities that is at the heart of HIV endemic in South Africa. This study involved a cross-sectional study with cluster sampling design of 674 young men aged 18-30 years residing in eThekwini informal settlement communities. We assessed the prevalence, and social determinants, of significant depressive (i.e., depression) and post-traumatic stress (i.e., PTS) symptoms using logistic regression. Given the complex survey design of the study, all analyses were adjusted for clustering. The prevalence of depression and PTS in the sample was 46.8% and 14.4% respectively. Results of the multivariable analyses indicated that severe food insecurity (aOR = 2.98, 95% CI:1.70-5.22), crime perpetration (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI:1.05-3.80), severe adverse childhood event (aOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.05-3.80), traumatic event exposures (aOR = 2.43, 95% CI:1.56-3.80) and problematic alcohol use (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI:1.20-2.49) were significantly associated with depression. While incomplete secondary education (aOR = 0.45, 95% CI:0.22-0.92), moderate food insecurity (aOR = 2.51, 95% CI:1.04-6.06), traumatic event exposures (aOR = 2.19, 95% CI:1.32-3.64) and problematic alcohol use (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.24-3.73) were significantly associated with PTS. Our study highlights the exceedingly high levels of poor mental health among young men in informal settlements, with depression and PTS being driven by economic/social conditions. Multilevel interventions that address the individual, interpersonal, and social variables that contribute to poor mental health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Oyekunle
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew Tomita
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalKwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew Gibbs
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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Logue MW, Miller MW, Sherva R, Zhang R, Harrington KM, Fonda JR, Merritt VC, Panizzon MS, Hauger RL, Wolf EJ, Neale Z, Gaziano JM. Alzheimer's disease and related dementias among aging veterans: Examining gene-by-environment interactions with post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:2549-2559. [PMID: 36546606 PMCID: PMC10271966 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) confer risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). METHODS This study from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) evaluated the impact of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, PTSD, and TBI on ADRD prevalence in veteran cohorts of European ancestry (EA; n = 11,112 ADRD cases, 170,361 controls) and African ancestry (AA; n = 1443 ADRD cases, 16,191 controls). Additive-scale interactions were estimated using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) statistic. RESULTS PTSD, TBI, and APOE ε4 showed strong main-effect associations with ADRD. RERI analysis revealed significant additive APOE ε4 interactions with PTSD and TBI in the EA cohort and TBI in the AA cohort. These additive interactions indicate that ADRD prevalence associated with PTSD and TBI increased with the number of inherited APOE ε4 alleles. DISCUSSION PTSD and TBI history will be an important part of interpreting the results of ADRD genetic testing and doing accurate ADRD risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelly M Harrington
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer R Fonda
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria C Merritt
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard L Hauger
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Erika J Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zoe Neale
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Folayan MO, Zuñiga RAA, Virtanen JI, Ellakany P, Al-Tammemi AB, Quadri MFA, Jafer M, Ara E, Ayanore MA, Gaffar B, Aly NM, Idigbe I, Lusher J, Ezechi OC, Nguyen AL, Tantawi ME. A multi-country study of the associations between HIV vulnerability status, perception of COVID-19 related stigma and post-traumatic stress symptoms during the first wave of the pandemic. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1025. [PMID: 37254073 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the associations between COVID-19 related stigma and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS); and the associations between PTSS and COVID-19 related stigma, HIV status, COVID-19 status and key HIV population status. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of data of 12,355 study participants generated through an online survey that recruited adults from 152 countries between July and December 2020. The dependent variables were COVID-19-related stigma and PTSS. The independent variables were HIV status (positive/negative), transaction sex (yes/no), use of psychoactive drugs (yes/no), and vulnerability status (transaction sex workers, people who use psychoactive drugs, living with HIV, and COVID-19 status). The confounding variables were age, sex at birth (male/female), level of education, sexual minority individuals (yes/no) and country income level. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between the dependent and independent variables after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS There were 835 (6.8%) participants who experienced COVID-19 related stigma during the pandemic and 3,824 (31.0%) participants reported PTSS. Respondents who were living with HIV (AOR: 1.979; 95%CI: 1.522-2.573), tested positive for COVID-19 (AOR: 3.369; 95%CI: 2.692-4.217), engaged in transactional sex (AOR: 1.428; 95%CI: 1.060-1.922) and used psychoactive drugs (AOR: 1.364; 95%CI: 1.053-1.767) had significantly higher odds of experiencing COVID-19 related stigma. Individuals with vulnerability status (AOR:4.610; 95%CI: 1.590-13.368) and who experienced COVID-19 related stigma (AOR: 2.218; 95%CI: 1.920-2.561) had significantly higher odds of PTSS. CONCLUSION Individuals with vulnerability status may be at increased risk for COVID-19 related stigma. Key and vulnerable populations who were living with HIV and who experienced stigma may be at a higher risk of experiencing PTSS. Populations at risk for PTSS should be routinely screened and provided adequate support when they contract COVID-19 to reduce the risk for poor mental health during COVID-19 outbreaks and during future health crisis with similar magnitude as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala'a B Al-Tammemi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Washington, USA
| | - Mohammed Jafer
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Dental Public Health Division, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eshrat Ara
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Psychology, Government College for Women, MA Road, Jizan, J&K, India
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ifeoma Idigbe
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joanne Lusher
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Provosts Group, Regent's University London, London, UK
| | - Oliver C Ezechi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Centre for Reproductive and Population Health Studies, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Annie L Nguyen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Forkus SR, Raudales AM, Rafiuddin HS, Weiss NH, Messman BA, Contractor AA. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for DSM-5: A Systematic Review of Existing Psychometric Evidence. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023; 30:110-121. [PMID: 37378352 PMCID: PMC10292741 DOI: 10.1037/cps0000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) is a widely used self-rated measure of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms. The goal of this systematic review was to synthesize research on the psychometric properties of the PCL-5 to guide clinical and research applications. We focused on reliability, validity, factor structure, optimal cutoff scores, and sensitivity to clinical change indices. A systematic review of the literature following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PTSDpubs with search terms capturing selected psychometric indices of the PCL-5. The inclusion criteria were: peer-reviewed publication in English; primary focus on the PCL-5 psychometrics; empirical study; and study with adult samples. The search yielded 265 studies; 56 papers (amounting to 64 studies) met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Findings generally indicated evidence for: acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability; construct validity; a 7-factor Hybrid Model; recommended cutoff scores between 31-33; and ability to index sensitivity to clinical change. To further advance knowledge and applications of the PCL-5, we need more research on abbreviated versions of the PCL-5, bifactor modeling as applied to the PCL-5, as well as on PCL-5 item difficulty estimates, discrimination parameters, and clinical change score estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicole H. Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - Brett A. Messman
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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11
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Post-traumatic stress disorder in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: A genome-wide association study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 154:209-218. [PMID: 35952521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Canada exhibits one of highest lifetime prevalence for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the etiology of this debilitating mental health condition still remains largely unknown. This study aims to examine the genetics of PTSD in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) to identify potential genetic factors involved in the development of PTSD. METHOD The CLSA sample was screened for primary (PTSD status) and secondary outcomes (avoidance, detachment, guardedness, and nightmares) based on the Primary Care PTSD Screen Scale (PC-PTSD). After GWAS quality control and whole-genome imputation, single-marker, gene-based, and polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses were performed. RESULTS Based on available genotype and phenotype data, N = 16,535 individuals were selected for the analyses. While genome-wide analyses did not show significant findings for our primary and secondary outcomes, PRS analyses showed variable levels of association between PC-PTSD items with trauma, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, educational attainment, and insomnia (p < 5e-4). CONCLUSION This is the first GWAS of PTSD status and individual PC-PTSD items in a population sample of older adults from Canada. This study was also able to replicate findings from previous studies. Genetic investigations into individual symptom components of PTSD may help untangle the complex genetic architecture of PTSD.
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12
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The Lasting Effects of Early Adversity and Updating Ability on the Tendency to Develop PTSD Symptoms Following Exposure to Trauma in Adulthood. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-022-10328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Gross DP, Rachor GS, Krebs BK, Yamamoto SS, Dick BD, Brown CA, Asmundson GJG, Straube S, Els C, Jackson TD, Brémault-Phillips S, Voaklander D, Stastny J, Berry T. Risk Factors for Developing Concurrent Posttraumatic Stress Injury After Work-Related Musculoskeletal Injury: A Case-Control Study. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e579-e584. [PMID: 35901517 PMCID: PMC9426736 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to study risk factors for developing concurrent posttraumatic stress injury (PTSI) among workers experiencing work-related musculoskeletal injury (MSI). METHODS A case-control study was conducted using workers' compensation data on injured workers undergoing rehabilitation programs for concurrent MSI and PTSI (cases) and MSI only (controls). A variety of measures known at the time of the compensable injury were entered into logistic regression models. RESULTS Of the 1948 workers included, 215 had concurrent MSI and PTSI. Concurrent MSI and PTSI were predicted by type of accident (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 25.8), experiencing fracture or dislocation fracture or dislocation (adjusted OR, 3.7), being public safety personnel (adjusted OR, 3.1), and lower level of education (adjusted OR, 1.9). CONCLUSIONS Experiencing a concurrent PTSI diagnosis with MSI after work-related accident and injury appears related to occupation, type of accident, and educational background.
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14
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Trajectories the Year after COVID-19 Hospitalization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148452. [PMID: 35886306 PMCID: PMC9316829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) hospitalization has been related to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available information is limited by insufficient follow-up and lack of longitudinal studies. Baseline factors (e.g., sex; obesity) have been related to PTSD, but post-hospitalization factors have not been studied. Objective: This study aimed to analyse prevalence, baseline, post-discharge factors and possible clinical courses of PTSD after hospitalization for COVID-19. Method: 109 patients (94.7% of the original sample) completed a programme of three follow-up telephone assessments during the year following hospitalization. Data included clinical and sociodemographic factors as well as psychometric tools assessing PTSD, social support, and perception of threat to life (PTL). Mixture model analysis was performed to study the longitudinal course of PTSD symptoms. Chronic (>6 months) PTSD predictors were also analysed. Results: 1-year PTSD period prevalence was 23.9%, peaking at six months; 11% of the patients suffered chronic PTSD. Pre- and post-hospitalization factors influenced the onset and course of PTSD over time. These included working status, PTL, and lack of social support. Interestingly, obesity, pulmonary diseases and family cluster infection seem specifically related to PTSD following COVID-19. Inversely, clinical interventions, older age and male gender were protective. Conclusions: PTSD following COVID-19 hospitalization is common. The analysed demographic, social, clinical, and psychological factors predict PTSD symptomatology over time and can modify odds of a chronic course. Clinicians could better identify cases at risk of a chronic PTSD course. Finally, treatment as usual appeared related to a better outcome and should be proposed to patients with PTSD.
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15
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Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhou N, Zhan J, Sun L, Xing C, Liu N, Wang X, Liu W. The Hidden Factors Affecting Academic Performance Among Chinese Middle School Students: Traumatic Experience and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:111-121. [PMID: 35046737 PMCID: PMC8761031 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s343452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the path from traumatic exposure (TE) to academic performance (AP) is still not explicitly illustrated. The current study aimed to examine the moderator role of PTSD on the relationship between TE and AP, and then to investigate whether this moderator role is influenced by gender. Participants and Methods A sample of Chinese students (n=235) who had experienced the major earthquake of Wenchuan was chosen. PTSD and TE were measured by the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) and an earthquake-related experience questionnaire, respectively. AP was collected from their up-to-date general examination. Data for 221 participants (53.4% female; mean age=14.03 years, SD=0.824) were finally included in the analysis. Parsimonious latent-variable interaction analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were adopted to examine the moderator role of PTSD. Results The average IES-R score was 27.57 (SD=13.265, range 0–67). The average score for earthquake exposure was 5.86 (SD=2.069, range 1–12). The results showed that both TE and the interaction term of PTSD*TE had significant negative correlations with AP, while PTSD was not associated with AP. Subsequent hierarchical regression analysis found that the relationship of the interaction term and AP was only significant in female students, and a simple slope plot showed a distinct pattern of the moderating effect of PTSD in both genders. Conclusion This study supported that PTSD moderated the connection between TE and AP in middle school students who had undergone a major earthquake trauma, which was influenced by gender. Students who experienced major trauma with drastic exposure history and manifested PTSD symptoms need specified intervention to avoid further deterioration in performance in school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Zhou
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Sports and Health, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhou
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingye Zhan
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Luna Sun
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenqi Xing
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianqi Liu
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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