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da Costa VG, Saivish MV, Sinhorini PF, Nogueira ML, Rahal P. A meta-analysis of Chikungunya virus in neurological disorders. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104938. [PMID: 38885813 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Chikungunya disease typically presents with the fever-arthralgia-rash symptom triad. However, an increase in the number of atypical clinical manifestations, particularly neurological disorders, has occurred. The current evidence regarding the pooled prevalence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-associated neurological cases (CANCs) suspected of having an arboviral aetiology is not well-understood. Therefore, this meta-analysis included 19 studies (n = 7319 patients) and aimed to determine the pooled rate of exposure to CANC. The pooled positivity rate of CANC was 12 % (95 % CI: 6-19), and Brazil was overrepresented (11/19). These estimations varied between 3 and 14 % based on the diagnostic method (real-time PCR vs. ELISA-IgM) and biological samples (cerebrospinal fluid or blood specimens) used for detection of CHIKV. Regarding the frequency of CHIKV in neurological clinical subgroups, the rates were higher among patients with myelitis (27 %), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (27 %), Guillain-Barré syndrome (15 %), encephalitis (12 %), and meningoencephalitis (7 %). Our analysis highlights the significant burden of CANC. However, the data must be interpreted with caution due to the heterogeneity of the results, which may be related to the location of the studies covering endemic periods and/or outbreaks of CHIKV. Current surveillance resources should also focus on better characterizing the epidemiology of CHIKV infection in neurological disorders. Additionally, future studies should investigate the interactions between CHIKV and neurological diseases with the aim of gaining deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying the cause-and-effect relationship between these two phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivaldo G da Costa
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marielena V Saivish
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090‑000, SP, Brazil; Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas 13083‑100, SP, Brazil
| | - Paola F Sinhorini
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurício L Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090‑000, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil.
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Imad HA, Garcia GJD, Martinez GGV, Asawapaithulsert P, Thippornchai N, Leaungwutiwong P, Piyaphanee W, Silachamroon U, Charunwatthana P. Zika infection among international students after five months in Thailand. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taae068. [PMID: 38703380 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus outbreak was traced among international students in Thailand. Testing was prompted by a single symptomatic case, which revealed seropositivity in two students. These results highlight the potential risk of Zika and emphasize the importance of implementing preventive measures for those travelling to endemic regions such as Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Ahmed Imad
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Viral Infections, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Guillem Joan Deus Garcia
- Mahidol-Bangkok School of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Departamento de Urgencias, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Gemma Gomariz-Vilaldach Martinez
- Mahidol-Bangkok School of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Servicio de Unidad de Curas Intensivas, Hospital de Mataro, Mataro, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Punyisa Asawapaithulsert
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narin Thippornchai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Tropical Medicine Diagnostic Reference Laboratory, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Piyaphanee
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Udomsak Silachamroon
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prakaykaew Charunwatthana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Marquez AB, Vicente J, Castro E, Vota D, Rodríguez-Varela MS, Lanza Castronuovo PA, Fuentes GM, Parise AR, Romorini L, Alvarez DE, Bueno CA, Ramirez CL, Alaimo A, García CC. Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Effect of Cannabidiol Against Enveloped and Nonenveloped Viruses. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:751-765. [PMID: 37682578 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychoactive cannabinoid of the Cannabis sativa plant, is a powerful antioxidant compound that in recent years has increased interest due to causes effects in a wide range of biological functions. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a virus transmitted mainly by the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which causes neurological diseases, such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Although the frequency of viral outbreaks has increased recently, no vaccinations or particular chemotherapeutic treatments are available for ZIKV infection. Objectives: The major aim of this study was to explore the in vitro antiviral activity of CBD against ZIKV, expanding also to other dissimilar viruses. Materials and Methods: Cell cultures were infected with enveloped and nonenveloped viruses and treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of CBD and then, viral titers were determined. Additionally, the mechanism of action of the compound during ZIKV in vitro infections was studied. To study the possible immunomodulatory role of CBD, infected and uninfected Huh-7 cells were exposed to 10 μM CBD during 48 h and levels of interleukins 6 and 8 and interferon-beta (IFN-β) expression levels were measured. On the other hand, the effect of CBD on cellular membranes was studied. For this, an immunofluorescence assay was performed, in which cell membranes were labeled with wheat germ agglutinin. Finally, intracellular cholesterol levels were measured. Results: CBD exhibited a potent antiviral activity against all the tested viruses in different cell lines with half maximal effective concentration values (CE50) ranging from 0.87 to 8.55 μM. Regarding the immunomodulatory effect of CBD during ZIKV in vitro infections, CBD-treated cells exhibited significantly IFN-β increased levels, meanwhile, interleukins 6 and 8 were not induced. Furthermore, it was determined that CBD affects cellular membranes due to the higher fluorescence intensity that was observed in CBD-treated cells and lowers intracellular cholesterol levels, thus affecting the multiplication of ZIKV and other viruses. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that CBD inhibits structurally dissimilar viruses, suggesting that this phytochemical has broad-spectrum antiviral effect, representing a valuable alternative in emergency situations during viral outbreaks, like the one caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina B Marquez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Vicente
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBIO), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-(CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Vota
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, IQUIBICEN, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Rodríguez-Varela
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Neurociencias (LIAN), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (Fleni)-CONICET, Instituto de Neurociencias (INEU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Priscila A Lanza Castronuovo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC), Química Analítica y Modelado Molecular (QUIAMM), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Giselle M Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Alejandro R Parise
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC), Química Analítica y Modelado Molecular (QUIAMM), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Romorini
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Neurociencias (LIAN), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (Fleni)-CONICET, Instituto de Neurociencias (INEU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego E Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBIO), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-(CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Bueno
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina L Ramirez
- Departamento de Química Biológica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Asociación Civil CBG2000, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Agustina Alaimo
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cybele C García
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), UBA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhang B, Yu J, Zhu G, Huang Y, Zhang K, Xiao X, He W, Yuan J, Gao X. Dapoxetine, a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, Suppresses Zika Virus Infection In Vitro. Molecules 2023; 28:8142. [PMID: 38138628 PMCID: PMC10745718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, and is a pathogen posing a significant threat to human health. Currently, there is a lack of internationally approved antiviral drugs for the treatment of ZIKV infection, and symptomatic management remains the primary clinical approach. Consequently, the exploration of safe and effective anti-ZIKV drugs has emerged as a paramount imperative in ZIKV control efforts. In this study, we performed a screening of a compound library consisting of 1789 FDA-approved drugs to identify potential agents with anti-ZIKV activity. We have identified dapoxetine, an orally administered selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly employed for the clinical management of premature ejaculation (PE), as a potential inhibitor of ZIKV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Consequently, we conducted surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis to validate the specific binding of dapoxetine to ZIKV RdRp, and further evaluated its inhibitory effect on ZIKV RdRp synthesis using the ZIKV Gluc reporter gene assay. Furthermore, we substantiated the efficacy of dapoxetine in suppressing intracellular replication of ZIKV, thereby demonstrating a concentration-dependent antiviral effect (EC50 values ranging from 4.20 μM to 12.6 μM) and negligible cytotoxicity (CC50 > 50 μM) across diverse cell lines. Moreover, cell fluorescence staining and Western blotting assays revealed that dapoxetine effectively reduced the expression of ZIKV proteins. Collectively, our findings suggest that dapoxetine exhibits anti-ZIKV effects by inhibiting ZIKV RdRp activity, positioning it as a potential candidate for clinical therapeutic intervention against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Jianchen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Ge Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yun Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Kexin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Xuhan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenxuan He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Jie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.X.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
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Purandare N, Ghosalkar E, Grossman LI, Aras S. Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Viral Infections. Viruses 2023; 15:2380. [PMID: 38140621 PMCID: PMC10747082 DOI: 10.3390/v15122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have been identified as the "powerhouse" of the cell, generating the cellular energy, ATP, for almost seven decades. Research over time has uncovered a multifaceted role of the mitochondrion in processes such as cellular stress signaling, generating precursor molecules, immune response, and apoptosis to name a few. Dysfunctional mitochondria resulting from a departure in homeostasis results in cellular degeneration. Viruses hijack host cell machinery to facilitate their own replication in the absence of a bonafide replication machinery. Replication being an energy intensive process necessitates regulation of the host cell oxidative phosphorylation occurring at the electron transport chain in the mitochondria to generate energy. Mitochondria, therefore, can be an attractive therapeutic target by limiting energy for viral replication. In this review we focus on the physiology of oxidative phosphorylation and on the limited studies highlighting the regulatory effects viruses induce on the electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Purandare
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (N.P.); (E.G.); (L.I.G.)
| | - Esha Ghosalkar
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (N.P.); (E.G.); (L.I.G.)
| | - Lawrence I. Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (N.P.); (E.G.); (L.I.G.)
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (N.P.); (E.G.); (L.I.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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6
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Franco EJ, Hanrahan KC, Brown AN. Favipiravir Inhibits Zika Virus (ZIKV) Replication in HeLa Cells by Altering Viral Infectivity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1097. [PMID: 37317071 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the antiviral potential of the nucleoside analogue favipiravir (FAV) against ZIKV, an arbovirus for which there are no approved antiviral therapies, in three human-derived cell lines. HeLa (cervical), SK-N-MC (neuronal), and HUH-7 (liver) cells were infected with ZIKV and exposed to different concentrations of FAV. Viral supernatant was sampled daily, and infectious viral burden was quantified by plaque assay. Changes in ZIKV infectivity were quantified by calculating specific infectivity. FAV-related toxicities were also assessed for each cell line in both infected and uninfected cells. Our results demonstrate that FAV activity was most pronounced in HeLa cells, as substantial declines in infectious titers and viral infectivity were observed in this cell type. The decline in infectious virus occurred in an exposure-dependent manner and was more pronounced as FAV exposure times increased. Additionally, toxicity studies showed that FAV was not toxic to any of the three cell lines and, surprisingly, caused substantial improvements in the viability of infected HeLa cells. Although SK-N-MC and HUH-7 cells were susceptible to FAV's anti-ZIKV activity, similar effects on viral infectivity and improvements in cell viability with therapy were not observed. These results indicate that FAV's ability to substantially alter viral infectivity is host cell specific and suggest that the robust antiviral effect observed in HeLa cells is mediated through drug-induced losses of viral infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn J Franco
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Kaley C Hanrahan
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Ashley N Brown
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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Rocha PL, Silva WLS, da Silva Sousa P, da Silva AAM, Barros AK. Discrimination of secondary hypsarrhythmias to Zika virus congenital syndrome and west syndrome based on joint moments and entropy measurements. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7389. [PMID: 35513477 PMCID: PMC9072419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypsarrhythmia is a specific chaotic morphology, present in the interictal period of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal in patients with West Syndrome (WS), a severe form of childhood epilepsy and that, recently, was also identified in the examinations of patients with Zika Virus Congenital Syndrome (ZVCS). This innovative work proposes the development of a computational methodology for analysis and differentiation, based on the time-frequency domain, between the chaotic pattern of WS and ZVCS hypsarrhythmia. The EEG signal time-frequency analysis is carried out from the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). Four joint moments—joint mean—\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sigma _{(t,f)}^2$$\end{document}σ(t,f)2, joint skewness—\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\lambda _{(t,f)}$$\end{document}λ(t,f), and joint kurtosis—\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\kappa _{(t,f)}$$\end{document}κ(t,f)—and four entropy measurements—Shannon, Log Energy, Norm, and Sure—are obtained from the CWT to compose the representative feature vector of the EEG hypsarrhythmic signals under analysis. The performance of eight classical types of machine learning algorithms are verified in classification using the k-fold cross validation and leave-one-patient-out cross validation methods. Discrimination results provided 78.08% accuracy, 85.55% sensitivity, 73.21% specificity, and AUC = 0.89 for the ANN classifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Lima Rocha
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory for Biological Information Processing (PIB), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, CEP 65080-805, Brazil.
| | | | - Patrícia da Silva Sousa
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brazil
| | | | - Allan Kardec Barros
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory for Biological Information Processing (PIB), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, CEP 65080-805, Brazil
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Bhandari R, Gupta R, Vashishth A, Kuhad A. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) as a plausible novel therapeutic target for treating neurological complications in ZikaVirus. Med Hypotheses 2021; 156:110685. [PMID: 34592564 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus was declared a national emergency by WHO (World Health Organization) in 2016 when its widespread outbreaks and life-threatening complications were reported, especially in newborns and adults. Numerous studies reported that neuroinflammation is one of the significant root-causes behind its major neurological complications like microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In this hypothesis, we propose Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 channel (TRPV1) as a major culprit in triggering positive inflammatory loop, ultimately leading to sustained neuroinflammation, one of the key clinical findings in Zika induced microcephalic and GBS patients. Opening of TRPV1 channel also leads to calcium influx and oxidative stress that ultimately results in cellular apoptosis (like Schwann cell in GBS and developing fetal nerve cells in microcephaly), ultimately leading to these complications. Currently, no specific cure exists for these complications. Most of the antiviral candidates are under clinical trials. Though there is no direct research on TRPV1 as a cause of Zika virus's neurological complications, but similarity in mechanisms is undeniable. Thus, exploring pathobiological involvement of TRPV1 channels and various TRPV1 modulators in these complications can possibly prove to be an effective futuristic therapeutic strategy for treatment and management of these life-threatening complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Bhandari
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Reetrakshi Gupta
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Anushka Vashishth
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India.
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Zhang YN, Li N, Zhang QY, Liu J, Zhan SL, Gao L, Zeng XY, Yu F, Zhang HQ, Li XD, Deng CL, Shi PY, Yuan ZM, Yuan SP, Ye HQ, Zhang B. Rational design of West Nile virus vaccine through large replacement of 3' UTR with internal poly(A). EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14108. [PMID: 34351689 PMCID: PMC8422072 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Flavivirus comprises numerous emerging and re-emerging arboviruses causing human illness. Vaccines are the best approach to prevent flavivirus diseases. But pathogen diversities are always one of the major hindrances for timely development of new vaccines when confronting unpredicted flavivirus outbreaks. We used West Nile virus (WNV) as a model to develop a new live-attenuated vaccine (LAV), WNV-poly(A), by replacing 5' portion (corresponding to SL and DB domains in WNV) of 3'-UTR with internal poly(A) tract. WNV-poly(A) not only propagated efficiently in Vero cells, but also was highly attenuated in mouse model. A single-dose vaccination elicited robust and long-lasting immune responses, conferring full protection against WNV challenge. Such "poly(A)" vaccine strategy may be promising for wide application in the development of flavivirus LAVs because of its general target regions in flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun-Li Zhan
- Beijing Shunlei Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Beijing Shunlei Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yue Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Zhi-Ming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Han-Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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10
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A functional interaction between GRP78 and Zika virus E protein. Sci Rep 2021; 11:393. [PMID: 33432092 PMCID: PMC7801745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that has caused significant public health concerns around the world, partly because of an association with microcephaly in babies born to mothers who were infected with ZIKV during pregnancy. As a recently emerging virus, little is known as to how the virus interacts with the host cell machinery. A yeast-2-hybrid screen for proteins capable of interacting with the ZIKV E protein domain III, the domain responsible for receptor binding, identified 21 proteins, one of which was the predominantly ER resident chaperone protein GRP78. The interaction of GRP78 and ZIKV E was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, and indirect immunofluorescence staining showed intracellular and extracellular co-localization between GRP78 and ZIKV E. Antibodies directed against the N-terminus of GRP78 were able to inhibit ZIKV entry to host cells, resulting in significant reductions in the levels of ZIKV infection and viral production. Consistently, these reductions were also observed after down-regulation of GRP78 by siRNA. These results indicate that GRP78 can play a role mediating ZIKV binding, internalization and replication in cells. GRP78 is a main regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), and the study showed that expression of GRP78 was up-regulated, and the UPR was activated. Increases in CHOP expression, and activation of caspases 7 and 9 were also shown in response to ZIKV infection. Overall these results indicate that the interaction between GRP78 and ZIKV E protein plays an important role in ZIKV infection and replication, and may be a potential therapeutic target.
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11
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Jackson TC, Gorse K, Herrmann JR, Kochanek PM. Hippocampal and Prefrontal Cortical Brain Tissue Levels of Irisin and GDF15 Receptor Subunits in Children. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2145-2157. [PMID: 33411243 PMCID: PMC7788542 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cold-stress hormones (CSHs) stimulate thermogenesis and have direct neuroprotective effects on the brain. The obligatory receptor components of two new CSHs (irisin and growth differentiation factor-15 [GDF15]) were recently discovered. Irisin binds integrin-αV/β5 heterodimers while GDF-15 binds to the orphan receptor glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor α-like (GFRAL). In addition, integrin-αV/β5 was just identified as the key receptor mediating Zika virus infection in the CNS. We measured integrin-αV, integrin-β5, and GFRAL protein levels across 78 high-quality human male/female brain tissues in infants, toddlers, preschoolers, adolescent, and adults-providing the most robust analysis to date on their levels in the human cortex and hippocampus. We report that integrin-αV was detected at all ages in the prefrontal cortex with levels greatest in adults. Integrin-αV was also detected in the hippocampus in all age groups. In contrast, integrin-β5 was detected in cortex and hippocampus largely restricted to infants. Co-expression of integrin-αV/β5 in the human infant hippocampus and cortex suggests the possibility that irisin has a more robust effect on the developing vs. the adult brain and may have implications for Zika virus infection in infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis C Jackson
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, MDD 0742, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs BLVD, MDC 2532, Tampa, FL, 33612-4799, USA.
| | - Kiersten Gorse
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, MDD 0742, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs BLVD, MDC 2532, Tampa, FL, 33612-4799, USA
| | - Jeremy R Herrmann
- School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, John G. Rangos Research Center - 6th Floor, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Scaife Hall 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, John G. Rangos Research Center - 6th Floor, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Scaife Hall 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Lesteberg KE, Fader DS, Beckham JD. Pregnancy Alters Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Zika Virus Infection in the Reproductive Tract. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:3107-3121. [PMID: 33127823 PMCID: PMC7686295 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) have been associated with birth defects, including microcephaly and neurologic impairment. However, the mechanisms that confer potential susceptibility to ZIKV during pregnancy remain unclear. We hypothesized that poor outcomes from ZIKV infection during pregnancy are due in part to pregnancy-induced alteration of innate immune cell frequencies and cytokine expression. To examine the impact of pregnancy on innate immune responses, we inoculated immunocompetent pregnant and nonpregnant female C57BL/6 mice with 5 × 105 focus-forming units of ZIKV intravaginally. Innate immune cell frequencies and cytokine expression were measured by flow cytometry at day 3 postinfection. Compared with nonpregnant mice, pregnant mice exhibited higher frequencies of uterine macrophages (CD68+) and CD11c+ CD103+ and CD11c+ CD11b+ dendritic cells. Additionally, ZIKV-infected pregnant mice had lower frequencies of CD45+ IL-12+ and CD11b+ IL-12+ cells in the uterus and spleen. Next, we measured the frequencies of Ag-experienced CD4 (CD4+ CD11a+ CD49d+) and CD8 (CD8lo CD11ahi) T cells at day 10 postinfection to determine the impact of pregnancy-associated changes in innate cellular IL-12 responses on the adaptive immune response. We found that pregnant mice had lower frequencies of uterine Ag-experienced CD4 T cells and ZIKV-infected pregnant mice had lower frequencies of uterine Ag-experienced CD8 T cells compared with ZIKV-infected nonpregnant mice. These data show that pregnancy results in altered innate and adaptive immune responses to ZIKV infection in the reproductive tract of mice and that pregnancy-associated immune modulation may play an important role in the severity of acute ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Lesteberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Dana S Fader
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - J David Beckham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045;
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045
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13
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Kanodia P, Prasanth KR, Roa-Linares VC, Bradrick SS, Garcia-Blanco MA, Miller WA. A rapid and simple quantitative method for specific detection of smaller coterminal RNA by PCR (DeSCo-PCR): application to the detection of viral subgenomic RNAs. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 26:888-901. [PMID: 32238481 PMCID: PMC7297113 DOI: 10.1261/rna.074963.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
RNAs that are 5'-truncated versions of a longer RNA but share the same 3' terminus can be generated by alternative promoters in transcription of cellular mRNAs or by replicating RNA viruses. These truncated RNAs cannot be distinguished from the longer RNA by a simple two-primer RT-PCR because primers that anneal to the cDNA from the smaller RNA also anneal to-and amplify-the longer RNA-derived cDNA. Thus, laborious methods, such as northern blot hybridization, are used to distinguish shorter from longer RNAs. For rapid, low-cost, and specific detection of these truncated RNAs, we report detection of smaller coterminal RNA by PCR (DeSCo-PCR). DeSCo-PCR uses a nonextendable blocking primer (BP), which outcompetes a forward primer (FP) for annealing to longer RNA-derived cDNA, while FP outcompetes BP for annealing to shorter RNA-derived cDNA. In the presence of BP, FP, and the reverse primer, only cDNA from the shorter RNA is amplified in a single-tube reaction containing both RNAs. Many positive strand RNA viruses generate 5'-truncated forms of the genomic RNA (gRNA) called subgenomic RNAs (sgRNA), which play key roles in viral gene expression and pathogenicity. We demonstrate that DeSCo-PCR is easily optimized to selectively detect relative quantities of sgRNAs of red clover necrotic mosaic virus from plants and Zika virus from human cells, each infected with viral strains that generate different amounts of sgRNA. This technique should be readily adaptable to other sgRNA-producing viruses, and for quantitative detection of any truncated or alternatively spliced RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulkit Kanodia
- Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - K Reddisiva Prasanth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Vicky C Roa-Linares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Group, Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Shelton S Bradrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - W Allen Miller
- Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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14
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Esswein SR, Gristick HB, Jurado A, Peace A, Keeffe JR, Lee YE, Voll AV, Saeed M, Nussenzweig MC, Rice CM, Robbiani DF, MacDonald MR, Bjorkman PJ. Structural basis for Zika envelope domain III recognition by a germline version of a recurrent neutralizing antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9865-9875. [PMID: 32321830 PMCID: PMC7211955 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919269117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemics demonstrate the global threat of Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Although infection is usually asymptomatic or mild, newborns of infected mothers can display severe symptoms, including neurodevelopmental abnormalities and microcephaly. Given the large-scale spread, symptom severity, and lack of treatment or prophylaxis, a safe and effective ZIKV vaccine is urgently needed. However, vaccine design is complicated by concern that elicited antibodies (Abs) may cross-react with other flaviviruses that share a similar envelope protein, such as dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus. This cross-reactivity may worsen symptoms of a subsequent infection through Ab-dependent enhancement. To better understand the neutralizing Ab response and risk of Ab-dependent enhancement, further information on germline Ab binding to ZIKV and the maturation process that gives rise to potently neutralizing Abs is needed. Here we use binding and structural studies to compare mature and inferred-germline Ab binding to envelope protein domain III of ZIKV and other flaviviruses. We show that affinity maturation of the light-chain variable domain is important for strong binding of the recurrent VH3-23/VK1-5 neutralizing Abs to ZIKV envelope protein domain III, and identify interacting residues that contribute to weak, cross-reactive binding to West Nile virus. These findings provide insight into the affinity maturation process and potential cross-reactivity of VH3-23/VK1-5 neutralizing Abs, informing precautions for protein-based vaccines designed to elicit germline versions of neutralizing Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R Esswein
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Harry B Gristick
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Andrea Jurado
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Avery Peace
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jennifer R Keeffe
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Yu E Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Alisa V Voll
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Davide F Robbiani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Margaret R MacDonald
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125;
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15
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Wang L, Wang R, Wang L, Ben H, Yu L, Gao F, Shi X, Yin C, Zhang F, Xiang Y, Zhang L. Structural Basis for Neutralization and Protection by a Zika Virus-Specific Human Antibody. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3360-3368.e5. [PMID: 30893607 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a human monoclonal antibody, ZK2B10, capable of protection against Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and microcephaly in developing mouse embryos. Here, we report the structural features and mechanism of action of ZK2B10. The crystal structure at a resolution of 2.32 Å revealed that the epitope is located on the lateral ridge of DIII of the envelope glycoprotein. Cryo-EM structure with mature ZIKV showed that the antibody binds to DIIIs around the icosahedral 2-fold, 3-fold, and 5-fold axes, a distinct feature compared to those reported for DIII-specific antibodies. The binding of ZK2B10 to ZIKV has no detectable effect on viral attachment to target cells or on conformational changes of the E glycoprotein in the acidic environment, suggesting that ZK2B10 functions at steps between the formation of the fusion intermediate and membrane fusion. These results provide structural and mechanistic insights into how ZK2B10 mediates protection against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruoke Wang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haijing Ben
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuanling Shi
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chibiao Yin
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ye Xiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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16
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Different Degrees of 5'-to-3' DAR Interactions Modulate Zika Virus Genome Cyclization and Host-Specific Replication. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01602-19. [PMID: 31826997 PMCID: PMC7022364 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01602-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, which include many important human pathogens, such as West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV), have caused numerous emerging epidemics in recent years. Details of the viral genome functions necessary for effective viral replication in mosquito and vertebrate hosts remain obscure. Here, using ZIKV as a model, we found that the conserved "downstream of AUG region" (DAR), which is known to be an essential element for genome cyclization, is involved in viral replication in a host-specific manner. Mutational analysis of the DAR element showed that a single-nucleotide mismatch between the 5' DAR and the 3' DAR had little effect on ZIKV replication in mammalian cells but dramatically impaired viral propagation in mosquito cells. The revertant viruses passaged in mosquito cells generated compensatory mutations restoring the base pairing of the DAR, further confirming the importance of the complementarity of the DAR in mosquito cells. We demonstrate that a single-nucleotide mutation in the DAR is sufficient to destroy long-range RNA interaction of the ZIKV genome and affects de novo RNA synthesis at 28°C instead of 37°C, resulting in the different replication efficiencies of the mutant viruses in mosquito and mammalian cells. Our results reveal a novel function of the circular form of the flavivirus genome in host-specific viral replication, providing new ideas to further explore the functions of the viral genome during host adaptation.IMPORTANCE Flaviviruses naturally cycle between the mosquito vector and vertebrate hosts. The disparate hosts provide selective pressures that drive virus genome evolution to maintain efficient replication during host alteration. Host adaptation may occur at different stages of the viral life cycle, since host-specific viral protein processing and virion conformations have been reported in the individual hosts. However, the viral determinants and the underlying mechanisms associated with host-specific functions remain obscure. In this study, using Zika virus, we found that the DAR-mediated genome cyclization regulates viral replication differently and is under different selection pressures in mammalian and mosquito cells. A more constrained complementarity of the DAR is required in mosquito cells than in mammalian cells. Since the DAR element is stably maintained among mosquito-borne flaviviruses, our findings could provide new information for understanding the role of flavivirus genome cyclization in viral adaptation and RNA evolution in the two hosts.
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17
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Zika virus replicates in adult human brain tissue and impairs synapses and memory in mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3890. [PMID: 31488835 PMCID: PMC6728367 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological complications affecting the central nervous system have been reported in adult patients infected by Zika virus (ZIKV) but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report that ZIKV replicates in human and mouse adult brain tissue, targeting mature neurons. ZIKV preferentially targets memory-related brain regions, inhibits hippocampal long-term potentiation and induces memory impairment in adult mice. TNF-α upregulation, microgliosis and upregulation of complement system proteins, C1q and C3, are induced by ZIKV infection. Microglia are found to engulf hippocampal presynaptic terminals during acute infection. Neutralization of TNF-α signaling, blockage of microglial activation or of C1q/C3 prevent synapse and memory impairment in ZIKV-infected mice. Results suggest that ZIKV induces synapse and memory dysfunction via aberrant activation of TNF-α, microglia and complement. Our findings establish a mechanism by which ZIKV affects the adult brain, and point to the need of evaluating cognitive deficits as a potential comorbidity in ZIKV-infected adults. Here, using ex-vivo human adult cortical tissue and a mouse model, the authors investigate the functional consequences of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the adult brain, and show that ZIKV causes synapse damage and altered brain function that impacts cognition via activation of innate and inflammatory factors.
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18
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Zappas MP, Whitely C, Carter S. Global Travel: What to Know Before They Go. J Nurse Pract 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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McGuckin Wuertz K, Treuting PM, Hemann EA, Esser-Nobis K, Snyder AG, Graham JB, Daniels BP, Wilkins C, Snyder JM, Voss KM, Oberst A, Lund J, Gale M. STING is required for host defense against neuropathological West Nile virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007899. [PMID: 31415679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile Virus (WNV), an emerging and re-emerging RNA virus, is the leading source of arboviral encephalitic morbidity and mortality in the United States. WNV infections are acutely controlled by innate immunity in peripheral tissues outside of the central nervous system (CNS) but WNV can evade the actions of interferon (IFN) to facilitate CNS invasion, causing encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and death. Recent studies indicate that STimulator of INterferon Gene (STING), canonically known for initiating a type I IFN production and innate immune response to cytosolic DNA, is required for host defense against neurotropic RNA viruses. We evaluated the role of STING in host defense to control WNV infection and pathology in a murine model of infection. When challenged with WNV, STING knock out (-/-) mice displayed increased morbidity and mortality compared to wild type (WT) mice. Virologic analysis and assessment of STING activation revealed that STING signaling was not required for control of WNV in the spleen nor was WNV sufficient to mediate canonical STING activation in vitro. However, STING-/- mice exhibited a clear trend of increased viral load and virus dissemination in the CNS. We found that STING-/- mice exhibited increased and prolonged neurological signs compared to WT mice. Pathological examination revealed increased lesions, mononuclear cellular infiltration and neuronal death in the CNS of STING-/- mice, with sustained pathology after viral clearance. We found that STING was required in bone marrow derived macrophages for early control of WNV replication and innate immune activation. In vivo, STING-/- mice developed an aberrant T cell response in both the spleen and brain during WNV infection that linked with increased and sustained CNS pathology compared to WT mice. Our findings demonstrate that STING plays a critical role in immune programming for the control of neurotropic WNV infection and CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McGuckin Wuertz
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Department of Defense; United States Army Medical Department, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Piper M Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Emily A Hemann
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Katharina Esser-Nobis
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Annelise G Snyder
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jessica B Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Brian P Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Courtney Wilkins
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M Voss
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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20
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Metabolic perturbations and cellular stress underpin susceptibility to symptomatic live-attenuated yellow fever infection. Nat Med 2019; 25:1218-1224. [PMID: 31308506 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviral infections result in a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe disease. Although the correlates of severe disease have been explored1-4, the pathophysiology that differentiates symptomatic from asymptomatic infection remains undefined. To understand the molecular underpinnings of symptomatic infection, the blood transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of individuals were examined before and after inoculation with the live yellow fever viral vaccine (YF17D). It was found that individuals with adaptive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reduced tricarboxylic acid cycle activity at baseline showed increased susceptibility to symptomatic outcome. YF17D infection in these individuals induced maladaptive ER stress, triggering downstream proinflammatory responses that correlated with symptomatic outcome. The findings of the present study thus suggest that the ER stress response and immunometabolism underpin symptomatic yellow fever and possibly even other flaviviral infections. Modulating either ER stress or metabolism could be exploited for prophylaxis against symptomatic flaviviral infection outcome.
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21
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Chesnut M, Muñoz LS, Harris G, Freeman D, Gama L, Pardo CA, Pamies D. In vitro and in silico Models to Study Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus Neuropathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:223. [PMID: 31338335 PMCID: PMC6629778 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses can cause disease in the nervous system, resulting in a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. Disease models are necessary to understand neuropathogenesis and identify potential therapeutics and vaccines. Non-human primates have been used extensively but present major challenges. Advances have also been made toward the development of humanized mouse models, but these models still do not fully represent human pathophysiology. Recent developments in stem cell technology and cell culture techniques have allowed the development of more physiologically relevant human cell-based models. In silico modeling has also allowed researchers to identify and predict transmission patterns and discover potential vaccine and therapeutic candidates. This review summarizes the research on in vitro and in silico models used to study three mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause neurological disease in humans: West Nile, Dengue, and Zika. We also propose a roadmap for 21st century research on mosquito-borne flavivirus neuropathogenesis, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Chesnut
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Laura S. Muñoz
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Neuroviruses Emerging in the Americas Study, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Georgina Harris
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dana Freeman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carlos A. Pardo
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Neuroviruses Emerging in the Americas Study, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Pamies
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: David Pamies
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22
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Salvador E, Pires de Souza G, Cotta Malaquias L, Wang T, Leomil Coelho L. Identification of relevant regions on structural and nonstructural proteins of Zika virus for vaccine and diagnostic test development: an in silico approach. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 29:100506. [PMID: 30858979 PMCID: PMC6396434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus belonging to the Flaviviridae family and the genus Flavivirus. Infection with ZIKV causes a mild, self-limiting febrile illness called Zika fever. However, ZIKV infection has been recently associated with microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Vaccines for the disease are a high priority of World Health Organization. Several studies are currently being conducted to develop a vaccine against ZIKV, but until now there is no licensed ZIKV vaccine. This study used a novel immunoinformatics approach to identify potential T-cell immunogenic epitopes present in the structural and nonstructural proteins of ZIKV. Fourteen T-cell candidate epitopes were identified on ZIKV structural and nonstructural proteins: pr36-50; C61-75; C103-117; E374-382; E477-491; NS2a90-104; NS2a174-188; NS2a179-193; NS2a190-204; NS2a195-209; NS2a200-214; NS3175-189; and NS4a82-96; NS4a99-113. Among these epitopes, only E374-382 is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type I restricted epitope. All identified epitopes showed a low similarity with other important flaviviruses but had a high conservation rate among the ZIKV strains and a high population coverage rate. Therefore, these predicted T-cell epitopes are potential candidates targets for development of vaccines to prevent ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Salvador
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G.A. Pires de Souza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L.C. Cotta Malaquias
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T. Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - L.F. Leomil Coelho
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Corresponding author: L. F. Leomil Coelho, Laboratório de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro, 700 Centro, Alfenasm Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil.
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23
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Mesci P, Macia A, LaRock CN, Tejwani L, Fernandes IR, Suarez NA, de A Zanotto PM, Beltrão-Braga PCB, Nizet V, Muotri AR. Modeling neuro-immune interactions during Zika virus infection. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:41-52. [PMID: 29048558 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is often asymptomatic, in some cases, it can lead to birth defects in newborns or serious neurologic complications in adults. However, little is known about the interplay between immune and neural cells that could contribute to the ZIKV pathology. To understand the mechanisms at play during infection and the antiviral immune response, we focused on neural precursor cells (NPCs)-microglia interactions. Our data indicate that human microglia infected with the current circulating Brazilian ZIKV induces a similar pro-inflammatory response found in ZIKV-infected human tissues. Importantly, using our model, we show that microglia interact with ZIKV-infected NPCs and further spread the virus. Finally, we show that Sofosbuvir, an FDA-approved drug for Hepatitis C, blocked viral infection in NPCs and therefore the transmission of the virus from microglia to NPCs. Thus, our model provides a new tool for studying neuro-immune interactions and a platform to test new therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Mesci
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Angela Macia
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Christopher N LaRock
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0760, USA
| | - Leon Tejwani
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Isabella R Fernandes
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Nicole A Suarez
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Paolo M de A Zanotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Patricia C B Beltrão-Braga
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Disease Modeling, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.,Department of Obstetrics, School of Arts Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil.,Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy (NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0760, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
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24
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Poveda-Cuevas S, Etchebest C, Barroso da Silva FL. Insights into the ZIKV NS1 Virology from Different Strains through a Fine Analysis of Physicochemical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16212-16229. [PMID: 31458257 PMCID: PMC6643396 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The flavivirus genus has several organisms responsible for generating various diseases in humans. Recently, especially in tropical regions, Zika virus (ZIKV) has raised great health concerns due to the high number of cases affecting the area during the last years that has been accompanied by a rise in the cases of the Guillain-Barré syndrome and fetal and neonatal microcephaly. Diagnosis is still difficult since the clinical symptoms between ZIKV and other flaviviruses (e.g., dengue and yellow fever) are highly similar. The understanding of their common physicochemical properties that are pH-dependent and biomolecular interaction features and their differences sheds light on the relation strain-virulence and might suggest alternative strategies toward differential serological diagnostics and therapeutic intervention. Due to their immunogenicity, the primary focus of this study was on the ZIKV nonstructural proteins 1 (NS1). By means of computational studies and semiquantitative theoretical analyses, we calculated the main physicochemical properties of this protein from different strains that are directly responsible for the biomolecular interactions and, therefore, can be related to the differential infectivity of the strains. We also mapped the electrostatic differences at both the sequence and structural levels for the strains from Uganda to Brazil, which could suggest possible molecular mechanisms for the increase of the virulence of ZIKV in Brazil. Exploring the interfaces used by NS1 to self-associate in some different oligomeric states and interact with membranes and the antibody, we could map the strategy used by the ZIKV during its evolutionary process. This indicates possible molecular mechanisms that can be correlated with the different immunological responses. By comparing with the known antibody structure available for the West Nile virus, we demonstrated that this antibody would have difficulties to neutralize the NS1 from the Brazilian strain. The present study also opens up perspectives to computationally design high-specificity antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio
A. Poveda-Cuevas
- Programa
Interunidades em Bioinformática, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
- Departamento
de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de
São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
- University
of São Paulo and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité
Joint International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics
| | - Catherine Etchebest
- Institut
National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris 75015, France
- Biologie
Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Equipe 2, Dynamique des Structures
et des Interactions Moléculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale,
UMR_S 1134, Paris 75015, France
- Université
Sorbonne Paris Cité and Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
- University
of São Paulo and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité
Joint International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics
| | - Fernando L. Barroso da Silva
- Programa
Interunidades em Bioinformática, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
- Departamento
de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de
São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
- University
of São Paulo and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité
Joint International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- E-mail: and
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25
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de Noronha L, Zanluca C, Burger M, Suzukawa AA, Azevedo M, Rebutini PZ, Novadzki IM, Tanabe LS, Presibella MM, Duarte Dos Santos CN. Zika Virus Infection at Different Pregnancy Stages: Anatomopathological Findings, Target Cells and Viral Persistence in Placental Tissues. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2266. [PMID: 30337910 PMCID: PMC6180237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in humans has been associated with congenital malformations and other neurological disorders, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. The mechanism(s) of ZIKV intrauterine transmission, the cell types involved, the most vulnerable period of pregnancy for severe outcomes from infection and other physiopathological aspects are not completely elucidated. In this study, we analyzed placental samples obtained at the time of delivery from a group of 24 women diagnosed with ZIKV infection during the first, second or third trimesters of pregnancy. Villous immaturity was the main histological finding in the placental tissues, although placentas without alterations were also frequently observed. Significant enhancement of the number of syncytial sprouts was observed in the placentas of women infected during the third trimester, indicating the development of placental abnormalities after ZIKV infection. Hyperplasia of Hofbauer cells (HCs) was also observed in these third-trimester placental tissues, and remarkably, HCs were the only ZIKV-positive fetal cells found in the placentas studied that persisted until birth, as revealed by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Thirty-three percent of women infected during pregnancy delivered infants with congenital abnormalities, although no pattern correlating the gestational stage at infection, the IHC positivity of HCs in placental tissues and the presence of congenital malformations at birth was observed. Placental tissue analysis enabled us to confirm maternal ZIKV infection in cases where serum from the acute infection phase was not available, which reinforces the importance of this technique in identifying possible causal factors of birth defects. The results we observed in the samples from naturally infected pregnant women may contribute to the understanding of some aspects of the pathophysiology of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia de Noronha
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Camila Zanluca
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marion Burger
- Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Andreia Akemi Suzukawa
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marina Azevedo
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Patricia Z Rebutini
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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26
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Šebera J, Dubankova A, Sychrovský V, Ruzek D, Boura E, Nencka R. The structural model of Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in complex with RNA for rational design of novel nucleotide inhibitors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11132. [PMID: 30042483 PMCID: PMC6057956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus is a global health threat due to significantly elevated risk of fetus malformations in infected pregnant women. Currently, neither an effective therapy nor a prophylactic vaccination is available for clinical use, desperately necessitating novel therapeutics and approaches to obtain them. Here, we present a structural model of the Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (ZIKV RdRp) in complex with template and nascent RNAs, Mg2+ ions and accessing nucleoside triphosphate. The model allowed for docking studies aimed at effective pre-screening of potential inhibitors of ZIKV RdRp. Applicability of the structural model for docking studies was illustrated with the NITD008 artificial nucleotide that is known to effectively inhibit the function of the ZIKV RdRp. The ZIKV RdRp – RNA structural model is provided for all possible variations of the nascent RNA bases pairs to enhance its general utility in docking and modelling experiments. The developed model makes the rational design of novel nucleosides and nucleotide analogues feasible and thus provides a solid platform for the development of advanced antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Šebera
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Prague, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Dubankova
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Prague, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Sychrovský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Prague, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Radim Nencka
- Gilead Sciences Research Centre at IOCB Prague, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic.
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27
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Draz MS, Moazeni M, Venkataramani M, Lakshminarayanan H, Saygili E, Lakshminaraasimulu NK, Kochehbyoki KM, Kanakasabapathy MK, Shabahang S, Vasan A, Bijarchi MA, Memic A, Shafiee H. Hybrid Paper-Plastic Microchip for Flexible and High-Performance Point-of-Care Diagnostics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1707161. [PMID: 30416415 PMCID: PMC6223320 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201707161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost and easy-to-fabricate microchip remains a key challenge for the development of true point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. Cellulose paper and plastic are thin, light, flexible, and abundant raw materials, which make them excellent substrates for mass production of POC devices. Herein, a hybrid paper-plastic microchip (PPMC) is developed, which can be used for both single and multiplexed detection of different targets, providing flexibility in the design and fabrication of the microchip. The developed PPMC with printed electronics is evaluated for sensitive and reliable detection of a broad range of targets, such as liver and colon cancer protein biomarkers, intact Zika virus, and human papillomavirus nucleic acid amplicons. The presented approach allows a highly specific detection of the tested targets with detection limits as low as 102 ng mL-1 for protein biomarkers, 103 particle per milliliter for virus particles, and 102 copies per microliter for a target nucleic acid. This approach can potentially be considered for the development of inexpensive and stable POC microchip diagnostics and is suitable for the detection of a wide range of microbial infections and cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shehata Draz
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's, Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Maryam Moazeni
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's, Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manasa Venkataramani
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's, Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harini Lakshminarayanan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's, Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ecem Saygili
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's, Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nivethitha Kota Lakshminaraasimulu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's, Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kamyar Mehrabi Kochehbyoki
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's, Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Kanakasabapathy
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's, Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shirin Shabahang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's, Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anish Vasan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's, Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohamad Ali Bijarchi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's, Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adnan Memic
- Center for Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi Shafiee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's, Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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28
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Ribeiro MR, Moreli JB, Marques RE, Papa MP, Meuren LM, Rahal P, de Arruda LB, Oliani AH, Oliani DCMV, Oliani SM, Narayanan A, Nogueira ML. Zika-virus-infected human full-term placental explants display pro-inflammatory responses and undergo apoptosis. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2687-2699. [PMID: 29876782 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that has been highly correlated with the development of neurological disorders and other malformations in newborns and stillborn fetuses after congenital infection. This association is supported by the presence of ZIKV in the fetal brain and amniotic fluid, and findings suggest that infection of the placental barrier is a critical step for fetal ZIKV infection in utero. Therefore, relevant models to investigate the interaction between ZIKV and placental tissues are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of Zika syndrome. In this report, we demonstrate that explant tissue from full-term human placentas sustains a productive ZIKV infection, though the results depend on the strain. Viral infection was found to be associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and apoptosis of the infected tissue, and these findings confirm that placental explants are targets of ZIKV replication. We propose that human placental explants are useful as a model for studying ZIKV infection ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Rocha Ribeiro
- Department of Biology, School of Biosciences, Humanities and the Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), National Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Premazzi Papa
- Paulo de Góes Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lana Monteiro Meuren
- Paulo de Góes Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, School of Biosciences, Humanities and the Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Barros de Arruda
- Paulo de Góes Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Helio Oliani
- Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Cristina Mós Vaz Oliani
- Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Oliani
- Department of Biology, School of Biosciences, Humanities and the Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Marsakatla P, Suneetha S, Lee J, Swaminathan PD, Vasudevan L, Supriya R, Suneetha LM. Insights from the sequence similarity of Zika virus proteins with the Human nerve proteins. Bioinformation 2018; 14:194-200. [PMID: 30108415 PMCID: PMC6077820 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive peptide sharing between the Zika virus polyprotein and host tissue proteins could elicit significant host-pathogen interactions and cross-reactions leading to autoimmune diseases. This study found similarities in the Zika V proteins and human nerve tissue proteins. 63 human nerve proteins were screened for similarities with the Zika V of which Neuromodulin, Nestin, Galanin, Bombesin, Calcium-binding protein were found to have similarities to the Zika V poly protein C at different sequence regions. These sequence similarities could be significant in regulating pathogenic interactions/autoimmunity, as Polyprotein C is known to be a virulent factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujai Suneetha
- CODEWEL Nireekshana ACET, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad -500029, Telangana, India
| | - Joshua Lee
- York University, Department of Science, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | | | - Rachael Supriya
- CODEWEL Nireekshana ACET, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad -500029, Telangana, India
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30
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Corrêa-Oliveira GE, do Amaral JL, da Fonseca BAL, Del-Ben CM. Zika virus infection followed by a first episode of psychosis: another flavivirus leading to pure psychiatric symptomatology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 39:381-382. [PMID: 29160530 PMCID: PMC7111412 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Elias Corrêa-Oliveira
- Serviço de Emergências Psiquiátricas, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Lopes do Amaral
- Serviço de Emergências Psiquiátricas, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Antônio Lopes da Fonseca
- Divisão de Moléstias Infecciosas e Tropicais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Serviço de Emergências Psiquiátricas, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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31
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Mehta R, Gerardin P, de Brito CAA, Soares CN, Ferreira MLB, Solomon T. The neurological complications of chikungunya virus: A systematic review. Rev Med Virol 2018; 28:e1978. [PMID: 29671914 PMCID: PMC5969245 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We performed a systematic review on the neurological complications of chikungunya virus. Such complications are being reported increasingly, owing primarily to the scale of recent epidemics but also to a growing understanding of the virus' neurovirulence. We performed a thorough literature search using PubMed and Scopus databases, summating the data on all published reports of neurological disease associated with chikungunya virus. We appraised the data for each major condition in adults, children, and neonates, as well as evaluating the latest evidence on disease pathogenesis and management strategies. The review provides a comprehensive summary for clinicians, public health officials, and researchers tackling the challenges associated with this important emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Mehta
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic InfectionsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Institute of Infection and Global HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Patrick Gerardin
- INSERM CIC1410Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la RéunionSaint PierreRéunionFrance
- UM 134 PIMIT CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249Université de la Réunion, CHU, CYROISaint PierreRéunionFrance
| | | | | | | | - Tom Solomon
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic InfectionsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Department of NeurologyWalton Centre NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolUK
- Institute of Infection and Global HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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32
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is an emergent worldwide public health problem. Historically, 84 countries have reported vector-borne ZIKV transmission, 61 of which report on-going transmission. It is a Flavivirus transmitted through arthropods belonging to the Aedes genus. Since 2015, ZIKV infections have increased dramatically; with 1.3 million people infected during 2015 in Brazil alone. This paper's objective is to highlight the conjectural epidemiological points of the virus' dissemination. The digital archives Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane were searched for papers that assessed aspects of ZIKV transmission and epidemiology. The first isolation occurred in Uganda in 1947. Since then, important outbreaks were documented globally. Consequently, an emergent public health problem arose from a rapidly increasing incidence and its association with the development of neurological diseases such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Key factors in the successful containment of outbreaks include surveillance of mosquitos in the neighbourhood, an early mosquito control treatment, an assertive information campaign, and the involvement of the local population and healthcare workers. As such, while ZIKV seems to be spreading globally in a similar manner to other arboviruses, such as Dengue and Chikungunya viruses, it can also be rapidly contained due to the pre-existing availability of necessary resources and regulatory tools as control measures. This review aims to provide a description of those characteristics of ZIKV infection that may be useful in the construction of effective outbreak control strategies.
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33
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Zanluca C, de Noronha L, Duarte Dos Santos CN. Maternal-fetal transmission of the zika virus: An intriguing interplay. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:e1402143. [PMID: 29370577 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1402143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we give an overview of aspects related to the congenital transmission of the Zika virus (ZIKV). Although we acknowledge that important advances in research on ZIKV pathogenesis have come from studies using animal models, particularly non-human primates, this review emphasizes studies using ex-vivo human cells and tissues as well as natural infections in pregnant women. The possible routes used by ZIKV to cross or breach the placental barrier and infect the fetal central nervous system are presented. Understanding the viral infection biology and ZIKV pathogenesis during pregnancy may guide the design of affordable antiviral strategies to benefit pregnant women in areas at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Zanluca
- a Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz-PR , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Lucia de Noronha
- b Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
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Li JQ, Deng CL, Gu D, Li X, Shi L, He J, Zhang QY, Zhang B, Ye HQ. Development of a replicon cell line-based high throughput antiviral assay for screening inhibitors of Zika virus. Antiviral Res 2017; 150:148-154. [PMID: 29288699 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an important emerging human pathogen associated with microcephaly, Guillain-Barré syndrome and meningoencephalitis. Developing rapid and reliable HTS assay is important for ZIKV drug discovery. Here, we constructed a dicistronic ZIKV replicon (ZIKV-Pac-Rluc-Rep) that contained the Renilla luciferase (Rluc) reporter gene separated from the puromycin N-acetyl-transferase (Pac) selectable marker by a short peptide cleavage site. A clonal replicon cell line stably expressing high level of ZIKV replicon was established by selection with puromycin. By optimizing cell number, compound concentration and incubation time, a robust replicon cell-based HTS assay was developed with a calculated Z' value of >0.5. The fully optimized assay was further validated using several known flavivirus replication inhibitors. Altogether, the replicon cell-based HTS assay developed in this study will facilitate the discovery of antiviral compounds against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dayong Gu
- The Central Laboratory of Health Quarantine, Shenzhen International Travel Healthcare Center, Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Shi
- The Central Laboratory of Health Quarantine, Shenzhen International Travel Healthcare Center, Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Jian'an He
- The Central Laboratory of Health Quarantine, Shenzhen International Travel Healthcare Center, Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Han-Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Shiryaev SA, Mesci P, Pinto A, Fernandes I, Sheets N, Shresta S, Farhy C, Huang CT, Strongin AY, Muotri AR, Terskikh AV. Repurposing of the anti-malaria drug chloroquine for Zika Virus treatment and prophylaxis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15771. [PMID: 29150641 PMCID: PMC5694003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges of the current Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic is to prevent congenital foetal abnormalities, including microcephaly, following ZIKV infection of pregnant women. Given the urgent need for ZIKV prophylaxis and treatment, repurposing of approved drugs appears to be a viable and immediate solution. We demonstrate that the common anti-malaria drug chloroquine (CQ) extends the lifespan of ZIKV-infected interferon signalling-deficient AG129 mice. However, the severity of ZIKV infection in these mice precludes the study of foetal (vertical) viral transmission. Here, we show that interferon signalling-competent SJL mice support chronic ZIKV infection. Infected dams and sires are both able to transmit ZIKV to the offspring, making this an ideal model for in vivo validation of compounds shown to suppress ZIKV in cell culture. Administration of CQ to ZIKV-infected pregnant SJL mice during mid-late gestation significantly attenuated vertical transmission, reducing the ZIKV load in the foetal brain more than 20-fold. Given the limited side effects of CQ, its lack of contraindications in pregnant women, and its worldwide availability and low cost, we suggest that CQ could be considered for the treatment and prophylaxis of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Shiryaev
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Pinar Mesci
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Antonella Pinto
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Isabella Fernandes
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Nicholas Sheets
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chen Farhy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chun-Teng Huang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alex Y Strongin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0695, USA.
| | - Alexey V Terskikh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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36
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Doughty CT, Yawetz S, Lyons J. Emerging Causes of Arbovirus Encephalitis in North America: Powassan, Chikungunya, and Zika Viruses. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2017; 17:12. [PMID: 28229397 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-017-0724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses transmitted by the bite of mosquitoes, ticks, or other arthropods. Arboviruses are a common and an increasing cause of human illness in North America. Powassan virus, Chikungunya virus, and Zika virus are arboviruses that have all recently emerged as increasing causes of neurologic illness. Powassan virus almost exclusively causes encephalitis, but cases are rare, sporadic, and restricted to portions of North America and Russia. Chikungunya virus has spread widely across the world, causing millions of infections. Encephalitis is a rare manifestation of illness but is more common and severe in neonates and older adults. Zika virus has recently spread through much of the Americas and has been associated mostly with microcephaly and other congenital neurologic complications. Encephalitis occurring in infected adults has also been recently reported. This review will discuss the neuropathogenesis of these viruses, their transmission and geographic distribution, the spectrum of their neurologic manifestations, and the appropriate method of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Doughty
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Neurological Infections and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 45 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sigal Yawetz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Lyons
- Division of Neurological Infections and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 45 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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37
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Abstract
Zika virus was considered an innocent pathogen while restricted to the African and Asian population; however, after reaching the Americas in March 2015, it became a global threat. Despite usually causing mild or no symptoms in infected adults, Zika virus displays a different behavior toward fetuses. When infected during gestation, fetuses have their immature neural cells killed by the virus and consequently have devastating findings at birth. In the past year the drastic effects of Zika virus infection in newborns include neurological, ophthalmological, audiological, and skeletal abnormalities. These findings represent a new entity called congenital Zika syndrome. We summarize the ocular findings of congenital Zika Syndrome, as well as the current understanding of the illness, systemic manifestations, laboratory investigation, differential diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment for this disorder.
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38
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Pryke KM, Abraham J, Sali TM, Gall BJ, Archer I, Liu A, Bambina S, Baird J, Gough M, Chakhtoura M, Haddad EK, Kirby IT, Nilsen A, Streblow DN, Hirsch AJ, Smith JL, DeFilippis VR. A Novel Agonist of the TRIF Pathway Induces a Cellular State Refractory to Replication of Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue Viruses. mBio 2017; 8:e00452-17. [PMID: 28465426 PMCID: PMC5414005 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00452-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing concurrent outbreaks of Zika, Chikungunya, and dengue viruses in Latin America and the Caribbean highlight the need for development of broad-spectrum antiviral treatments. The type I interferon (IFN) system has evolved in vertebrates to generate tissue responses that actively block replication of multiple known and potentially zoonotic viruses. As such, its control and activation through pharmacological agents may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for simultaneously impairing growth of multiple virus types and rendering host populations resistant to virus spread. In light of this strategy's potential, we undertook a screen to identify novel interferon-activating small molecules. Here, we describe 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(5-isopropyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,2-dihydrochromeno[2,3-c]pyrrole-3,9-dione, which we termed AV-C. Treatment of human cells with AV-C activates innate and interferon-associated responses that strongly inhibit replication of Zika, Chikungunya, and dengue viruses. By utilizing genome editing, we investigated the host proteins essential to AV-C-induced cellular states. This showed that the compound requires a TRIF-dependent signaling cascade that culminates in IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-dependent expression and secretion of type I interferon to elicit antiviral responses. The other canonical IRF3-terminal adaptor proteins STING and IPS-1/MAVS were dispensable for AV-C-induced phenotypes. However, our work revealed an important inhibitory role for IPS-1/MAVS, but not TRIF, in flavivirus replication, implying that TRIF-directed viral evasion may not occur. Additionally, we show that in response to AV-C, primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines that are linked with establishment of adaptive immunity to viral pathogens. Ultimately, synthetic innate immune activators such as AV-C may serve multiple therapeutic purposes, including direct antimicrobial responses and facilitation of pathogen-directed adaptive immunity.IMPORTANCE The type I interferon system is part of the innate immune response that has evolved in vertebrates as a first line of broad-spectrum immunological defense against an unknowable diversity of microbial, especially viral, pathogens. Here, we characterize a novel small molecule that artificially activates this response and in so doing generates a cellular state antagonistic to growth of currently emerging viruses: Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, and dengue virus. We also show that this molecule is capable of eliciting cellular responses that are predictive of establishment of adaptive immunity. As such, this agent may represent a powerful and multipronged therapeutic tool to combat emerging and other viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Pryke
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jinu Abraham
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tina M Sali
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Bryan J Gall
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Iris Archer
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrew Liu
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Shelly Bambina
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jason Baird
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Marita Chakhtoura
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ilsa T Kirby
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel N Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alec J Hirsch
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jessica L Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Victor R DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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39
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is the latest global health concern. Transmission is mainly via Aedes mosquitoes and the infection can be diagnosed on molecular or serologic testings. It typically causes a mild self-remitting illness of low-grade fever, maculopapular rash, and myalgia, but when severe, it is associated with neurological deficits and congenital structural defects. Ocular manifestations are usually mild like nonpurulent conjunctivitis in adults, though it may be linked to uveitis, maculopathy, and hypertensive iridocyclitis. Ocular signs seem to be more significant in congenital ZIKV-macular pigment mottling, neuroretinal atrophy with macular involvement, iris coloboma, and changes in retinal vasculature are noted in infants with infected mothers. Risk factors include ZIKV infection in first trimester and smaller cephalic diameter at birth. Hence, ophthalmic examination in newborns is now recommended. Currently, prevention and active surveillance are integral as there is no known vaccine, and treatment is only symptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Agrawal
- a National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore.,b Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore.,c Department of Preclinical Research, Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore
| | - Hnin Hnin Oo
- b Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Praveen Kumar Balne
- c Department of Preclinical Research, Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore
| | - Lisa Ng
- d Singapore Immunology Network (SigN), A*STAR , Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- b Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore.,c Department of Preclinical Research, Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore.,e Department of Ocular Surface Inflammation, Singapore National Eye Centre , Singapore
| | - Yee Sin Leo
- f Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology (IIDE), Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore
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40
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Wen J, Tang WW, Sheets N, Ellison J, Sette A, Kim K, Shresta S. Identification of Zika virus epitopes reveals immunodominant and protective roles for dengue virus cross-reactive CD8 + T cells. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:17036. [PMID: 28288094 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play an important role in controlling Flavivirus infection, including Zika virus (ZIKV). Here, we have identified 25 HLA-B*0702-restricted epitopes and 1 HLA-A*0101-restricted epitope using interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) in ZIKV-infected IFN-α/β receptor-deficient HLA transgenic mice. The cross-reactivity of ZIKV epitopes to dengue virus (DENV) was tested using IFN-γ-ELISPOT and IFN-γ-ICS on CD8+ T cells from DENV-infected mice, and five cross-reactive HLA-B*0702-binding peptides were identified by both assays. ZIKV/DENV cross-reactive CD8+ T cells in DENV-immune mice expanded post ZIKV challenge and dominated in the subsequent CD8+ T cell response. ZIKV challenge following immunization of mice with ZIKV-specific and ZIKV/DENV cross-reactive epitopes elicited CD8+ T cell responses that reduced infectious ZIKV levels, and CD8+ T cell depletions confirmed that CD8+ T cells mediated this protection. These results identify ZIKV-specific and ZIKV/DENV cross-reactive epitopes and demonstrate both an altered immunodominance pattern in the DENV-immune setting relative to naive, as well as a protective role for epitope-specific CD8+ T cells against ZIKV. These results have important implications for ZIKV vaccine development and provide a mouse model for evaluating anti-ZIKV CD8+ T cell responses of human relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Wen
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy &Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Institute of Arboviruses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - William Weihao Tang
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy &Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas Sheets
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy &Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Julia Ellison
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy &Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy &Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth Kim
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy &Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy &Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie K Nguyen
- 1 Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,2 Ochsner Children's Health Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brigid E O'Brien
- 1 Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,2 Ochsner Children's Health Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Russell W Steele
- 1 Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,2 Ochsner Children's Health Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,3 University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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42
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Abstract
Infections of the nervous system are an important and challenging aspect of clinical neurology. Immediate correct diagnosis enables to introduce effective therapy, in conditions that without diagnosis may leave the patient with severe neurological incapacitation and sometimes even death. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a mirror that reflects nervous system pathology and can promote early diagnosis and therapy. The present chapter focuses on the CSF findings in neuro-infections, mainly viral and bacterial. Opening pressure, protein and glucose levels, presence of cells and type of the cellular reaction should be monitored. Other tests can also shed light on the causative agent: serology, culture, staining, molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction. Specific examination such as panbacterial and panfungal examinations should be examined when relevant. Our chapter is a guide-text that combines clinical presentation and course with CSF findings as a usuaful tool in diagnosis of neuroinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Benninger
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Israel Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
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43
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Moos WH, Pinkert CA, Irwin MH, Faller DV, Kodukula K, Glavas IP, Steliou K. Epigenetic Treatment of Persistent Viral Infections. Drug Dev Res 2016; 78:24-36. [PMID: 27761936 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Approximately 2,500 years ago, Hippocrates used the word herpes as a medical term to describe lesions that appeared to creep or crawl on the skin, advocating heat as a possible treatment. During the last 50 years, pharmaceutical research has made great strides, and therapeutic options have expanded to include small molecule antiviral agents, protease inhibitors, preventive vaccines for a handful of the papillomaviruses, and even cures for hepatitis C virus infections. However, effective treatments for persistent and recurrent viral infections, particularly the highly prevalent herpesviruses, continue to represent a significant unmet medical need, affecting the majority of the world's population. Exploring the population diversity of the human microbiome and the effects its compositional variances have on the immune system, health, and disease are the subjects of intense investigational research and study. Among the collection of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and single-cell eukaryotes that comprise the human microbiome, the virome has been grossly understudied relative to the influence it exerts on human pathophysiology, much as mitochondria have until recently failed to receive the attention they deserve, given their critical biomedical importance. Fortunately, cellular epigenetic machinery offers a wealth of druggable targets for therapeutic intervention in numerous disease indications, including those outlined above. With advances in synthetic biology, engineering our body's commensal microorganisms to seek out and destroy pathogenic species is clearly on the horizon. This is especially the case given recent breakthroughs in genetic manipulation with tools such as the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated) gene-editing platforms. Tying these concepts together with our previous work on the microbiome and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, we suggest that, because mammalian cells respond to a viral infection by triggering a cascade of antiviral innate immune responses governed substantially by the cell's mitochondria, small molecule carnitinoids represent a new class of therapeutics with potential widespread utility against many infectious insults. Drug Dev Res 78 : 24-36, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Michael H Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Boston University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ioannis P Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Boston University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,PhenoMatriX, Boston, Massachusetts
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Machado-Alba JE, Machado-Duque ME, Gaviria-Mendoza A, Orozco-Giraldo V. Diagnosis of neurological disorders and the Zika virus epidemic in Colombia 2014 –2016. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 51:133-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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45
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Li H, Saucedo-Cuevas L, Regla-Nava JA, Chai G, Sheets N, Tang W, Terskikh AV, Shresta S, Gleeson JG. Zika Virus Infects Neural Progenitors in the Adult Mouse Brain and Alters Proliferation. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:593-598. [PMID: 27545505 PMCID: PMC5097023 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV)-related neuropathology is an important global health concern. Several studies have shown that ZIKV can infect neural stem cells in the developing brain, but infection in the adult brain has not been examined. Two areas in the adult mouse brain contain neural stem cells: the subventricular zone of the anterior forebrain and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. Here, using 6-week-old mice triply deficient in interferon regulatory factor (IRF) as a model, we show that blood-borne ZIKV administration can lead to pronounced evidence of ZIKV infection in these adult neural stem cells, leading to cell death and reduced proliferation. Our data therefore suggest that adult as well as fetal neural stem cells are vulnerable to ZIKV neuropathology. Thus, although ZIKV is considered a transient infection in adult humans without marked long-term effects, there may in fact be consequences of exposure in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Li
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA 10065 and Department of Neurosciences, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Laura Saucedo-Cuevas
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA 10065 and Department of Neurosciences, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jose A Regla-Nava
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037
| | - Guoliang Chai
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA 10065 and Department of Neurosciences, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nicholas Sheets
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037
| | - William Tang
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037
| | - Alexey V Terskikh
- Del. E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging and Stem Cell Regeneration, Sanford Burnham Prebys Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA 92037
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA 10065 and Department of Neurosciences, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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46
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Dengue Virus Envelope Dimer Epitope Monoclonal Antibodies Isolated from Dengue Patients Are Protective against Zika Virus. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.01123-16. [PMID: 27435464 PMCID: PMC4958264 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01123-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible for thousands of cases of severe fetal malformations and neurological disease since its introduction to Brazil in 2013. Antibodies to flaviviruses can be protective, resulting in lifelong immunity to reinfection by homologous virus. However, cross-reactive antibodies can complicate flavivirus diagnostics and promote more severe disease, as noted after serial dengue virus (DENV) infections. The endemic circulation of DENV in South America and elsewhere raises concerns that preexisting flavivirus immunity may modulate ZIKV disease and transmission potential. Here, we report on the ability of human monoclonal antibodies and immune sera derived from dengue patients to neutralize contemporary epidemic ZIKV strains. We demonstrate that a class of human monoclonal antibodies isolated from DENV patients neutralizes ZIKV in cell culture and is protective in a lethal murine model. We also tested a large panel of convalescent-phase immune sera from humans exposed to primary and repeat DENV infection. Although ZIKV is most closely related to DENV compared to other human-pathogenic flaviviruses, most DENV immune sera (73%) failed to neutralize ZIKV, while others had low (50% effective concentration [EC50], <1:100 serum dilution; 18%) or moderate to high (EC50, >1:100 serum dilution; 9%) levels of cross-neutralizing antibodies. Our results establish that ZIKV and DENV share epitopes that are targeted by neutralizing, protective human antibodies. The availability of potently neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies provides an immunotherapeutic approach to control life-threatening ZIKV infection and also points to the possibility of repurposing DENV vaccines to induce cross-protective immunity to ZIKV. IMPORTANCE ZIKV is an emerging arbovirus that has been associated with severe neurological birth defects and fetal loss in pregnant women and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Currently, there is no vaccine or therapeutic for ZIKV. The identification of a class of antibodies (envelope dimer epitope 1 [EDE1]) that potently neutralizes ZIKV in addition to all four DENV serotypes points to a potential immunotherapeutic to combat ZIKV. This is especially salient given the precedent of antibody therapy to treat pregnant women infected with other viruses associated with microcephaly, such as cytomegalovirus and rubella virus. Furthermore, the identification of a functionally conserved epitope between ZIKV and DENV raises the possibility that a vaccine may be able to elicit neutralizing antibodies against both viruses.
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Tang BL. Zika virus as a causative agent for primary microencephaly: the evidence so far. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:595-601. [PMID: 27412681 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with congenital microcephaly and peripheral neuropathy. The ongoing epidemic has triggered swift responses in the scientific community, and a number of recent reports have now confirmed a causal relationship between ZIKV infection and birth defect. In particular, ZIKV has been shown to be capable of compromising and crossing the placental barrier and infect the developing fetal brain, resulting in the demise and functional impairment of neuroprogenitor cells critical for fetal cortex development. Here, the evidence for ZIKV as a teratogenic agent that causes microcephaly is reviewed, and its association with other disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD7, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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