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Kuijper LEN, Lacroix E, Singh G, Champagne M, Beardy B, Dubois R, Wood L, Harper MJ, Muench K, Kisselgoff M, Mann K, Waugh A, Thériault C, Tait M, Bombak A, Riediger ND. Experiences and perspectives of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Indigenous adults living in Manitoba. Appetite 2024; 202:107637. [PMID: 39208478 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are a health policy target. Indigenous populations are among the highest consumers of SSB in Canada. However, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission calls on governments to recognize health disparities among Indigenous populations as a consequence of colonialism and governmental policies. The purpose of this analysis was to explore emergent perspectives of Indigenous adults on experiences and perspectives of SSB consumption. We conducted a community-based participatory study in partnership with three Indigenous-led organizations. From 2019 to 2022, we completed qualitative interviews with Indigenous adults living in Island Lake Anisininew First Nation, Flin Flon, and Winnipeg's North End, a neighbourhood with high concentration of Indigenous people. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Seventy-four adults participated in interviews, including 46 women, 26 men, and two identifying as two-spirit. Many participants, across all three locations, repeatedly and consistently described SSB or sugar as an addiction, which formed the primary theme for this analysis: addictive-like consumption of SSB. Addictive-like SSB consumption included comparison to other addictive substances, loss of control, and physical symptoms resulting from SSB intake (both positive and adverse) or attempting to reduce SSB intake. We identified two other secondary themes, i) perceived drivers and contexts of SSB consumption, and ii) health outcomes as a motivator for change. Perceived drivers or contexts included consuming SSB as a means to cope with stress, boredom, and poverty; SSB intake as being intertwined with other addictions or addictive substances; and drinking alone. In conclusion, addictive-like SSB consumption was reported by Indigenous adults. To address SSB intake among Indigenous populations, trauma-informed approaches should be explored that consider the colonial context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Lacroix
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, 38 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3C 1N8, Canada.
| | - Gurismrandeep Singh
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, 35 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Michael Champagne
- Fearless R2W, PO Box 44095 Redwood Centre Postal Outlet Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R2W 5M3.
| | - Byron Beardy
- Four Arrows Regional Health Authority, Wasagamack Health Authority, General Delivery, Wasagamack, MB R0B Z0, Winnipeg Office: 500-338 Broadway, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Riel Dubois
- Fearless R2W, PO Box 44095 Redwood Centre Postal Outlet Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R2W 5M3
| | - Larry Wood
- Four Arrows Regional Health Authority, Wasagamack Health Authority, General Delivery, Wasagamack, MB R0B Z0, Winnipeg Office: 500-338 Broadway, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mary Jane Harper
- Four Arrows Regional Health Authority, Wasagamack Health Authority, General Delivery, Wasagamack, MB R0B Z0, Winnipeg Office: 500-338 Broadway, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Krista Muench
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, 35 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Maria Kisselgoff
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, 35 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Kelsey Mann
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, 35 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Anne Waugh
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, 35 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Céleste Thériault
- National Indigenous Diabetes Association, 160 Provencher Blvd, Unit 202, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 0G3, Canada.
| | | | - Andrea Bombak
- Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, 9 Macaulay Ln, Fredericton, NB, E3C 1N8, Canada.
| | - Natalie D Riediger
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, 35 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Lagan S, Shott ME, Frank GKW. Adverse childhood experiences, low self-esteem, and salient stimulus response in eating disorders. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024; 32:618-632. [PMID: 38349113 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are elevated in individuals with eating disorders (EDs), but how the neurobiology of EDs and ACEs interact is unclear. METHODS Women 18-45 years old with anorexia nervosa (AN, n = 38), bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 32), or healthy controls (n = 60) were assessed for ACEs and ED behaviours and performed a taste-conditioning task during brain imaging. Mediation analyses tested relationships between ACE score, self-esteem, and ED behaviours. RESULTS ACE scores were elevated in EDs and correlated positively with body mass index (p = 0.001), drive for thinness (p = 0.001), and body dissatisfaction (p = 0.032); low self-esteem mediated the relationship between ACEs and body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and bulimia severity. ACE scores correlated negatively (FDR-corrected) with unexpected, salient stimulus receipt in AN (substantia nigra) and BN (anterior cingulate, frontal and insular cortex, ventral striatum, and substantia nigra). When ACE scores were included in the model, unexpected stimulus receipt brain response was elevated in EDs in the anterior cingulate and ventral striatum. CONCLUSIONS ACEs attenuate unexpected salient stimulus receipt response, which may be a biological marker for altered valence or hedonic tone perception in EDs. Low self-esteem mediates the relationships between ACEs and ED behaviours. Adverse childhood experiences should be assessed in biological studies, and their effects targeted in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lagan
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Megan E Shott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Guido K W Frank
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
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Dennis K, Barrera S, Bishop N, Nguyen C, Brewerton TD. Food Addiction Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment: A Protocol for Residential Treatment of Eating Disorders, Substance Use Disorders and Trauma-Related Psychiatric Comorbidity. Nutrients 2024; 16:2019. [PMID: 38999766 PMCID: PMC11243105 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Food addiction, or ultra-processed food addiction (UPFA), has emerged as a reliable and validated clinical entity that is especially common in individuals seeking treatment for eating disorders (EDs), substance use disorders (SUDs) and co-occurring psychiatric disorders (including mood, anxiety and trauma-related disorders). The clinical science of UPFA has relied on the development and proven reliability of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), or subsequent versions, e.g., the modified YFAS 2.0 (mYFAS2.0), as well as neurobiological advances in understanding hedonic eating. Despite its emergence as a valid and reliable clinical entity with important clinical implications, the best treatment approaches remain elusive. To address this gap, we have developed and described a standardized assessment and treatment protocol for patients being treated in a residential program serving patients with psychiatric multi-morbidity. Patients who meet mYFAS2.0 criteria are offered one of three possible approaches: (1) treatment as usual (TAU), using standard ED treatment dietary approaches; (2) harm reduction (HR), offering support in decreasing consumption of all UPFs or particular identified UPFs; and (3) abstinence-based (AB), offering support in abstaining completely from UPFs or particular UPFs. Changes in mYFAS2.0 scores and other clinical measures of common psychiatric comorbidities are compared between admission and discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Dennis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- SunCloud Health, Chicago, IL 60062, USA; (S.B.); (N.B.); (C.N.)
| | - Sydney Barrera
- SunCloud Health, Chicago, IL 60062, USA; (S.B.); (N.B.); (C.N.)
| | - Nikki Bishop
- SunCloud Health, Chicago, IL 60062, USA; (S.B.); (N.B.); (C.N.)
| | - Cindy Nguyen
- SunCloud Health, Chicago, IL 60062, USA; (S.B.); (N.B.); (C.N.)
| | - Timothy D. Brewerton
- SunCloud Health, Chicago, IL 60062, USA; (S.B.); (N.B.); (C.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Hussenoeder FS, Conrad I, Löbner M, Engel C, Reyes N, Yahiaoui-Doktor M, Glaesmer H, Hinz A, Witte V, Schroeter ML, Medawar E, Wichmann G, Kirsten T, Löffler M, Villringer A, Riedel-Heller SG. The different areas of chronic stress and food addiction: Results from the LIFE-Adult-Study. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3348. [PMID: 37994391 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
There is an empirical association between stress and symptoms of food addiction (FA), but it is still not clear which domains of stress are the most relevant when it comes to FA, limiting the ability of researchers and practitioners to address problematic eating-related health outcomes. In order to address this gap in the literature, we analysed how different domains of chronic stress are related to FA. We used data from a subsample of the LIFE-Adult-Study (N = 1172), a German cohort study. We conducted a linear regression analysis with stress domains (Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress, TICS) as predictors of FA (Yale Food Addiction Scale, YFAS). In the second regression analysis we included sociodemographic variables, personality, and smoking as control variables. There was a significant and positive association between Social Overload, Work Discontent, Excessive Demands from Work, and Chronic Worrying and FA. After adding control variables, only Social Overload, Excessive Demands from Work, and Chronic Worrying remained significant predictors. Connections between stress domains and FA can serve as starting points for the development of meaningful interventions that support individuals self-care strategies (Social Overload), complexity management (Excessive Demands from Work), and coping with negative emotions (Chronic Worrying).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix S Hussenoeder
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Conrad
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Löbner
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Leipzig University, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nigar Reyes
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Leipzig University, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maryam Yahiaoui-Doktor
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Leipzig University, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronica Witte
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunnar Wichmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toralf Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Leipzig University, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig, Germany
- Department for Medical Data Science, University Medical Data Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Leipzig University, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Mason SM, Farkas K, Friedman JK, Gerlach A, Johnson ST, Tavernier RE, Bodnar LM, Neumark-Sztainer D. Cohort profile: Life-course experiences and pregnancy (LEAP)-A retrospective pregnancy cohort for life-course reproductive health research. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295825. [PMID: 38507321 PMCID: PMC10954138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life course factors may be associated with pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain; however, collecting information on pre-pregnancy exposures and pregnancy health in the same cohort is challenging. OBJECTIVES The Life-course Experiences And Pregnancy (LEAP) study aims to identify adolescent and young adult risk factors for pre-pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain (GWG). We built upon an existing cohort study to overcome challenges inherent to studying life course determinants of pregnancy health. POPULATION Participants in an ongoing prospective cohort study of weight-related health who identified as women. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS In 2019-2020, 1,252 women participating since adolescence in a cohort study of weight-related health were invited to complete an online reproductive history survey. Participants who reported a live birth were invited to release their prenatal, delivery, and postpartum medical records for validation of survey reports. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess the characteristics of the overall cohort and the medical record validation subsample, and to describe adolescent and young adult characteristics of those with high (>80th percentile), moderate (20th-80th percentile), and low (<20th percentile) GWG z-score for gestational age and pre-pregnancy weight status. PRELIMINARY RESULTS Nine hundred seventy-seven women (78%) completed the LEAP survey and 656 reported a live birth. Of these, 379 (58%) agreed to release medical records, and 250 records were abstracted (66% of the 379). Of the 977 survey respondents 769 (79%) reported attempting a pregnancy, and 656 (67%) reported at least one live birth. The validation subsample was similar to the overall cohort. Women with a high GWG had a higher adolescent BMI percentile and prevalence of unhealthy weight control behaviors than those with moderate or low GWG. CONCLUSIONS LEAP offers a valuable resource for identifying life course factors that may influence the health of pregnant people and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Kriszta Farkas
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Jessica K. Friedman
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research (CCDOR), Minneapolis Veterans Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Anne Gerlach
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Sydney T. Johnson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Emery Tavernier
- Weitzman Institute, Middletown, CT, United States of America
- Department of Family and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, MN, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Bodnar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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Chapron SA, Kervran C, Da Rosa M, Fournet L, Shmulewitz D, Hasin D, Denis C, Collombat J, Monsaingeon M, Fatseas M, Gatta-Cherifi B, Serre F, Auriacombe M. Does food use disorder exist? Item response theory analyses of a food use disorder adapted from the DSM-5 substance use disorder criteria in a treatment seeking clinical sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 251:110937. [PMID: 37666092 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased consumption of food that are high in energy and sugar have been pointed as a major factor in the obesity epidemic. Impaired control of food intake and the concept of food addiction has been developed as a potential contributor. Our objective was to evaluate the dimensionality and psychometric validity of diagnostic criteria for food addiction adapted from the 11 DSM-5 substance use disorder (SUD) criteria (i.e.: Food Use Disorder (FUD) criteria), and to evaluate the influence of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). METHODS Cross-sectional observational study including 508 participants (56.1% male; mean age 42.2) from outpatient treatment clinics for obesity or addiction disorders at time of admission. FUD diagnostic criteria were analyzed using confirmatory factor and 2-parameter item response theory analyses. Differential Item and Test Functioning analyses were performed across age, gender, and BMI. RESULTS We demonstrated the one-factor dimensionality of the criteria set. The criterion "craving" presented the strongest factor loading and discrimination parameter and the second-lowest difficulty. We found some significant uniform differential item functioning for body mass index. We found some differential test functioning for gender and BMI. CONCLUSIONS This study reports, for the first time, the validity of a potential Food Use Disorder (derived from the 11 DSM-5 SUD criteria adapted to food) in a sample of treatment seeking adults. This has great implications both at the clinical level and in terms of public health policy in the context of the global obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie-Athéna Chapron
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Kervran
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marco Da Rosa
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucie Fournet
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dvora Shmulewitz
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Deborah Hasin
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cécile Denis
- SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie Collombat
- SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maude Monsaingeon
- Obesity Clinic, Haut-Leveque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélina Fatseas
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Blandine Gatta-Cherifi
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Obesity Clinic, Haut-Leveque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1215, Bordeaux, 33076 France
| | - Fuschia Serre
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Auriacombe
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Wagner JA, Bermúdez-Millán A, Buckley TE, Buxton OM, Feinn RS, Kong S, Kuoch T, Master L, Scully MF. Secondary analysis of a randomized trial testing community health educator interventions for diabetes prevention among refugees with depression: effects on nutrition, physical activity and sleep. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:107. [PMID: 37700288 PMCID: PMC10496245 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refugees have high levels of psychological distress that hamper lifestyle change efforts. We previously reported that community health educator (CHE) diabetes prevention interventions decreased HbA1c and depressive symptoms among Cambodian-American refugees with depression; this paper reports health behavior outcomes of those interventions. METHODS Participants were aged 35-75, Khmer speaking, at risk for diabetes, and met study criteria for likely depression by either a) antidepressant medication and/or b) prolonged elevated depressive symptoms. Participants were randomized to one of three CHE interventions: 1) lifestyle intervention called Eat, Walk, Sleep (EWS), 2) EWS plus medication therapy management with a pharmacist/CHE team (EWS + MTM), or, 3) social services (SS; control). Physical activity and sleep were measured with 7 days of actigraphy. Nutrition was measured as carbohydrates as reported in a culturally tailored food frequency questionnaire. Assessments were at baseline, end point (12 months), and follow-up (15 months). RESULTS The n = 188 participants were 78% female, average age of 55 years, half had a household income < $20,000, and modal education was 7.0 years. Individuals in the two treatment groups that received the EWS intervention significantly increased their brown rice consumption (p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.76) and their moderate-to-vigorous activity (p = .039, d = 0.32). No intervention changed sleep duration, timing, efficiency or wake after sleep onset. Across groups, individuals who increased brown rice consumption, increased vigorous activity and decreased total sleep time variability showed decreased HbA1c, with small effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS CHEs may improve nutrition and physical activity in refugees with depression but more intensive interventions may be required to impact sleep. Improvements in all three behaviors appear to be associated with HbA1c lowering TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02502929.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Wagner
- UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Sengly Kong
- Khmer Health Advocates, West Hartford, CT, USA
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Hoover LV, Yu HP, Duval ER, Gearhardt AN. Investigating gender differences in the co-occurrence of PTSD and food addiction. Appetite 2023; 187:106605. [PMID: 37236363 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co-occurs with substance use disorders (SUDs). Past studies suggest PTSD is also associated with food addiction (compulsive intake of highly processed foods containing refined carbohydrates and/or added fat). However, research investigating gender differences has been limited (e.g., restricted samples) and mixed. We aim to investigate the risk of co-occurring PTSD and food addiction in a community sample for all participants and stratified by gender. Additionally, we conducted risk ratios for problematic substance use and obesity to allow for within-sample comparisons. METHOD We utilized a sample of 318 participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (mean age = 41.2, 47.8% men, 78.0% white) to address existing gaps in the literature on PTSD and food addiction. We calculated risk ratios (adjusted for sociodemographic covariates) using modified Poisson regression with 95% confidence intervals. Results were also gender stratified. RESULTS Risk of food addiction (Risk Ratio (RR) = 6.42, 95% CI [4.10, 10.07], problematic alcohol use (RR) = 3.86, 95% CI [2.25,6.62], problematic smoking (RR) = 3.93, 95% CI [2.22, 6.97], and problematic nicotine vaping (RR) = 5.41, 95% CI [2.41, 11.14] were higher for those meeting criteria for PTSD. Risk of problematic cannabis use, and risk of obesity were not significantly higher for those meeting criteria for PTSD. Gender-stratified results suggest risk of food addiction may be higher for men (RR) = 8.54, 95% CI [4.49, 16.25] compared to women (RR) = 4.32, 95% CI [2.16, 8.62]. DISCUSSION Food addiction, but not obesity, appears to co-occur with PTSD more strongly than other types of problematic substance use (alcohol, cannabis, cigarettes, nicotine vaping). This risk appears to be particularly high for men compared to women. Assessing for food addiction in those with PTSD, particularly in men, may assist in identifying high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindzey V Hoover
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Hayley P Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Duval
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Sandsæter HL, Eik-Nes TT, Getz LO, Magnussen EB, Bjerkeset O, Rich-Edwards JW, Horn J. Adverse childhood experiences and pre-pregnancy body mass index in the HUNT study: A population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285160. [PMID: 37130113 PMCID: PMC10153725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the association between adverse childhood experiences and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in a population-based cohort in Trøndelag county, Norway. MATERIALS AND METHODS We linked data from the third (2006-2008) or fourth (2017-2019) survey of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway for 6679 women. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between adverse childhood experiences and pre-pregnancy BMI. Adverse childhood experiences were self-reported in adulthood and included perceiving childhood as difficult, parental divorce, parental death, dysfunctional family environment, bad childhood memories and lack of support from a trusted adult. Pre-pregnancy BMI was derived from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway or BMI measurement from the HUNT survey conducted within 2 years prior to the woman's pregnancy. RESULTS Perceiving childhood as difficult was associated with higher odds of pre-pregnancy underweight (OR 1.78, 95%CI 0.99-3.22) and obesity (OR 1.58, 95%CI 1.14-2.2). A difficult childhood was positively associated with obesity with an adjusted OR of 1.19, 95%CI 0.79-1.81 (class I obesity), 2.32, 95%CI 1.35-4.01 (class II obesity) and 4.62, 95%CI 2.0-10.65 (class III obesity). Parental divorce was positively associated obesity (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.10-1.63). Bad childhood memories were associated with both overweight (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.01-1.79) and obesity (OR 1.63, 95%CI 1.13-2.34). Parental death was not associated with pre-pregnancy BMI. CONCLUSIONS Childhood adversities were associated with pre-pregnancy BMI. Our results suggest that the positive associations between childhood adversities and pre-pregnancy obesity increased with increasing obesity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Linn Sandsæter
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Trine Tetlie Eik-Nes
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Stjørdal Community Mental Health Centre, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Linn Okkenhaug Getz
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, General Practice Research Unit, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Balstad Magnussen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Women's Health and Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Julie Horn
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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10
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Examination of Individual Differences in Susceptibility to Food Addiction using Alcohol and Addiction Research Domain Criteria (AARDoC): Recent Findings and Directions for the Future. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Alcohol and Addiction Research Domain Criteria (AARDoC) is a transdiagnostic, circuits-based framework for studying addictive behaviors. We examined parallels in individual differences that might increase susceptibility to FA and other addictive disorders using the following units of analysis in AARDoC domains: craving, relative reinforcing value of food and attention bias in the incentive salience domain; decisional impulsivity (delay discounting) and inhibitory control (Go-No-Go, Conner’s Continuous Performance Test, and the flanker task) in the executive function domain; and emotion dysregulation and negative urgency in the negative emotionality domain.
Recent Findings
There are a number of parallels between FA and other addictions in the incentive salience and negative emotionality domains, but somewhat divergent findings in the executive function domain. Trauma appears to be an important environmental stressor in maintenance of FA.
Summary
AARDoC may be a useful organizing framework for studying addictions, including FA. Future studies should incorporate other units of analysis to better characterize FA.
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11
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Hallit S, Brytek-Matera A, Malaeb D, Obeid S. Validation of the Arabic version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale in the general population in Lebanon. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:112. [PMID: 35927764 PMCID: PMC9354308 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the definition of food addiction is not agreed upon, it is characterized by eating more than expected without being hungry, not being able to visit certain places associated with overeating or unsuccessfully trying to cut down on the consumption of certain foods. The modified YFAS (mYFAS 2.0) version, instrument available to evaluate food addiction, was shown to have good psychometric properties. Our objective was to assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the mYFAS (mYFAS-Ar-Leb) in the Lebanese population. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 1268 persons residing in Lebanon (September-November 2020). The mean age of the participants was 26.18 years (SD = 11.17; min: 18; max: 85), with 65.1% females. The percentage of participants with food addiction was 226 (17.8%) in the total sample. A confirmatory factor analysis was run on the one-factor structure among the total sample. RESULTS The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis of the scale were excellent. The Cronbach's alpha value was good for the total scale. The mYFAS-Ar-Leb score was positively and strongly associated with stress, anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION Our study findings highlighted that the use of the mYFAS-Ar-Leb in Lebanese population might help estimate food addiction prevalence and stress on the need for effective treatment and preventive measures to craving for addictive foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Dawida 1, 50-527, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
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12
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Legendre M, Sabourin S, Bégin C. Maladaptive Eating Behaviors and Childhood Trauma: A Focus on Food Addiction. Cureus 2022; 14:e26966. [PMID: 35989855 PMCID: PMC9382990 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have highlighted the clinical relevance of food addiction (FA) by showing its association with psychopathological severity and even more when co-occurring with binge eating disorder. It was suggested that the association between FA and greater psychopathological severity could be accounted for by a history of traumatic experiences. The present study examined the relationship between childhood trauma (including peer victimization, abuse, and neglect) and maladaptive eating behaviors (FA, binge eating, and grazing) and explored whether childhood trauma predicts FA when controlling for binge eating, grazing, and other confounding variables. Methods One hundred fourteen adult women seeking psychological help for problems related to eating or weight completed questionnaires measuring FA, binge eating, grazing, depressive symptoms, peer victimization, and childhood abuse and neglect. Results FA showed significantly small to moderate positive correlations with all measures of childhood trauma, except for physical neglect. A hierarchical regression, including binge eating, grazing, depressive symptoms, age, and childhood trauma explained 55% of FA variance, with 7% of variance explained uniquely by childhood trauma. Conclusions This study supports that FA is related to childhood trauma and provides a potential explanation for the association of FA with greater psychopathological severity. From a clinical perspective, FA provides an accurate and quick assessment of psychopathological severity and represents an essential complement to the evaluation of eating disorders related to overweight. Future studies should attempt to estimate the impact of childhood trauma on treatment outcomes.
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13
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Clinical Considerations of Ultra-processed Food Addiction Across Weight Classes: an Eating Disorder Treatment and Care Perspective. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022; 9:255-267. [PMID: 35531579 PMCID: PMC9058754 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To examine the prevalence rates of ultra-processed food addiction across different weight classes and offer guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians are provided with practical considerations in the assessment of ultra-processed food addiction beyond the use of validated instruments. Recent Findings The weighted mean prevalence of ultra-processed food addiction is approximately 20% worldwide and varies widely based on the sample. At first glance, there appears a linear relationship between ultra-processed food addiction and BMI class. Further investigation indicates a J-shaped curve with heightened prevalence among the underweight. These findings highlight the need to assess for additional factors that may increase objective or subjective food addiction symptoms including eating disorders, dietary restraint, and other mental health diagnoses. Summary While clinical considerations across different weight classes vary, overemphasis on weight status may detract from the clinical utility of the ultra-processed food addiction construct. Considering weight status in conjunction with other psychiatric symptoms helps to better understand the various biopsychosocial mechanisms that influence eating behavior and can inform individualized treatment strategies.
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14
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Wiss DA, Brewerton TD, Tomiyama AJ. Limitations of the protective measure theory in explaining the role of childhood sexual abuse in eating disorders, addictions, and obesity: an updated model with emphasis on biological embedding. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1249-1267. [PMID: 34476763 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its immediate negative consequences, childhood sexual abuse is associated with lifelong deleterious mental and physical health outcomes. This review employs a biopsychosocial perspective to better understand pathways from childhood sexual abuse to eating disorders, food and drug addictions, and obesity across the life course. Guided by an updated conceptual model, this review delineates how the biological embedding of childhood sexual abuse triggers a cascade of interrelated conditions that often result in failed attempts at weight suppression and eventually obesity. Such biological embedding involves pathways such as inflammation, allostatic load, reward sensitivity, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, epigenetics, and structural and functional changes in the brain. These pathways are in turn theorized to lead to food addiction, substance use disorder, and eating disorders-each with potential pathways toward obesity over time. Predisposing factors to childhood sexual abuse including gender, culture, and age are discussed. This model calls into question the longstanding "protective measure" theory that purports individuals exposed to sexual abuse will deliberately or subconsciously gain weight in attempt to prevent future victimization. A more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which childhood sexual abuse becomes biologically embedded may help clinicians and survivors normalize and/or address disordered eating and weight-related outcomes, as well as identify intervention strategies.Level of evidence: Level V: opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wiss
- Community Health Sciences Department, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Timothy D Brewerton
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - A Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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15
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Sinko L, Hughesdon K, Grotts JH, Giordano N, Choi KR. A Systematic Review of Research on Trauma and Women's Health in the Nurses' Health Study II. Nurs Womens Health 2022; 26:116-127. [PMID: 35240108 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize research on interpersonal trauma and women's health from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II) and to analyze conceptualization of interpersonal trauma across studies. DATA SOURCES A literature review was conducted in PubMed using a systematic search strategy. STUDY SELECTION Articles were included in the review if they used data from the NHS II and involved investigations of interpersonal trauma. Theoretical articles, methodologic articles, and other literature reviews involving the NHS II were excluded. Initially, the search returned 61 articles. After exclusions, 45 articles met the criteria for inclusion in the review and data extraction. DATA EXTRACTION Information was extracted and consolidated in an evidence table. Data included study time frame, sample, definition of trauma, outcomes studied, and journal of publication. DATA SYNTHESIS Trauma was not operationalized consistently across studies, even though the NHS II assessed trauma experiences in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Most investigations focused on childhood abuse, with investigations of childhood sexual abuse overrepresented in comparison to other abuse experiences. Authors conducting studies of trauma at any time in the life course consistently found a negative association with physical and mental health outcomes, which were increased by the presence of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results from a small number of studies suggested a negative intergenerational impact of trauma on the children of women in the NHS II. CONCLUSION Interpersonal trauma across the life course was strongly associated with many leading causes of morbidity and mortality among female nurses. Trauma conceptualization and operationalization varied across studies, and future investigations should leverage the full range of trauma measures available in the NHS II data set.
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16
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Cavalcante YA, de Oliveira Lopes MV, de Castro NB. Clinical indicators related to the nursing diagnosis "Post-trauma syndrome" in women victims of violence: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Nurs Forum 2022; 57:584-592. [PMID: 35194787 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying a nursing diagnosis to support women victims of violence is challenging for nurses. OBJECTIVE To identify clinical indicators related to the nursing diagnosis Post-trauma syndrome in women victims of violence. METHODS A systematic review to estimate diagnostic accuracy indices was conducted. The review was registered on the Prospective International Registry of Systematic Reviews approved with the register CDR42020222474. RESULTS Twelve clinical indicators were investigated: depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alcohol abuse, stress overload, illicit drug use, body image disorder, paranoid ideation, hostility, somatic symptoms, insomnia, binge eating, and obesity. The six articles included in the quantitative synthesis provided four clinical indicators feasible for statistical analysis: depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, somatic symptoms, and stress overload. CONCLUSION The study addresses the need for refinements in the nursing diagnoses related to violence against women. The identification of the nursing diagnosis Post-trauma syndrome in nursing practice enables the development of standardized and effective care plans for women victimized by violence.
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17
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Alcântara Cavalcante Y, de Oliveira Lopes MV, Martins da Silva V, Moreira Leitão Cardoso MVL. Etiological factors related to the nursing diagnosis “post‐trauma syndrome” in women victims of violence: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Int J Nurs Knowl 2022; 33:280-289. [DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Maraz A, Katzinger E, Yi S. Potentially addictive behaviours increase during the first six months of the Covid-19 pandemic. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:912-919. [PMID: 34904959 PMCID: PMC8987432 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In this study we aimed to assess multiple potentially addictive behaviours simultaneously for an extended period of time during the Covid-19 pandemic and their relation to distress. METHODS Data were collected every three days from Amazon's MTurk between 26.03.2020 and 02.10.2020 in repeated cross-sectional samples of 25 participants resulting in a total sample of 1430 US adults (60% men, mean age 36.6 years, SD = 11). General distress and Covid-19 related fear were assessed as well as self-reported frequency of eight potentially addictive behaviours: shopping (compulsive buying), alcohol, smoking, legal substances, illegal substances, gambling, gaming and overeating. RESULTS We found a positive relationship between time and the frequency of each self-reported potentially addictive behaviour ( τ = 0.15-0.23, all P < 0.001), and their frequency is linearly related to the intensity of (Covid-19-related and general) distress ( τ = 0.12-0.28, all P < 0.001). Most popular activities were gaming and compulsive buying, and the relative frequency of the behaviours remained about the same during the data collection period. DISCUSSION It is possible that people seek other maladaptive substitutes when other coping mechanisms (e.g. social recreation) are hindered depending on their level of distress. CONCLUSION Given the evidence for the increasing frequency of potentially addictive behaviours and their relevance to distress, special attention needs to be paid to reduce potential harmful effects of maladaptive coping during and after this demanding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniko Maraz
- Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Katzinger
- Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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19
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Roer GE, Solbakken HH, Abebe DS, Aaseth JO, Bolstad I, Lien L. Inpatients experiences about the impact of traumatic stress on eating behaviors: an exploratory focus group study. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:119. [PMID: 34565487 PMCID: PMC8474934 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy changes in eating behavior among people experiencing trauma have been observed. There is, however, a lack of in-depth knowledge regarding the impact of the after effects of traumatic life experiences on eating behavior. Because eating behavior represents important components for promotion and maintenance of good health throughout life, this study aimed to explore inpatients' lived experiences of the impact of traumatic stress on eating behavior. METHOD Thirteen female and two male inpatients (age range 28-62 years), recruited from a psychiatric clinic in Norway, participated in this qualitative explorative focus group study. The data analysis was performed using systematic text condensation. RESULTS The results in the present study describe the participants' experiences about the impact of traumatic stress on their eating behavior. Their discussions and descriptions disclosed problems that could be summarized into four main themes: "experiencing eating behaviors as coping strategies"; "experiencing being addicted to food and sweets"; "experiencing eating behaviors controlled by stress and emotions"; and "experiencing lack of appetite and reduced capacity to plan and prepare meals". CONCLUSION Traumatic stress can impact eating behavior in several complex ways that over time may cause adverse health consequences. The results add to an important understanding of changes in eating behavior that might appear in people struggling to cope with the after effects of traumatic life experiences to the existing literature. To better understand the complexity of how traumatic experiences may impact eating behavior, this knowledge is important and useful for health professionals offering support to those who experience struggling with eating behavior after traumatic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethe Emilie Roer
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381, Brumunddal, Norway.
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Heidi Hurlen Solbakken
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Dawit Shawel Abebe
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381, Brumunddal, Norway
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Olav Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381, Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 400, 2418, Elverum, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Bolstad
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381, Brumunddal, Norway
- Friskstiftelsen, Hamarvegen 112, 2406, Elverum, Norway
| | - Lars Lien
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381, Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 400, 2418, Elverum, Norway
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Stojek MM, Lipka J, Maples-Keller JM, Rauch SAM, Black K, Michopoulos V, Rothbaum BO. Investigating Sex Differences in Rates and Correlates of Food Addiction Status in Women and Men with PTSD. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061840. [PMID: 34072212 PMCID: PMC8228620 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction (FA) is a dysregulated eating pattern characterized by difficulties in controlling the intake of certain foods. There is an overlap in physical and mental health correlates of FA and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in the rates of positive FA status in individuals with threshold/subthreshold PTSD, and to examine sex differences in the physical and mental health correlates of FA. METHODS Post-9/11 veterans/service members seeking PTSD treatment were recruited. Participants were diagnosed with PTSD via the administration of a clinical interview. FA status was determined using Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale-2, binary sex and body mass index were assessed with demographics questions. RESULTS Nearly half (43%) of the sample were women. There were no sex differences in the rates of FA, with an overall FA prevalence of 18%. There were no sex differences in FA symptom count in the whole sample (M = 1.63) or those with FA status (M = 6.21). Individuals with FA reported higher frequency of disordered eating, higher severity of PTSD, and depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS FA should be assessed in tandem with PTSD symptoms, as its prevalence in that sample is higher than in the general population, and it appears to affect both sexes at similar rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M. Stojek
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Poland;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.M.M.-K.); (S.A.M.R.); (K.B.); (V.M.); (B.O.R.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Justyna Lipka
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jessica M. Maples-Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.M.M.-K.); (S.A.M.R.); (K.B.); (V.M.); (B.O.R.)
- Emory Healthcare Veterans Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Grady Trauma Project, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sheila A. M. Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.M.M.-K.); (S.A.M.R.); (K.B.); (V.M.); (B.O.R.)
- Emory Healthcare Veterans Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Kathryn Black
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.M.M.-K.); (S.A.M.R.); (K.B.); (V.M.); (B.O.R.)
- Emory Healthcare Veterans Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.M.M.-K.); (S.A.M.R.); (K.B.); (V.M.); (B.O.R.)
- Grady Trauma Project, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Barbara O. Rothbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.M.M.-K.); (S.A.M.R.); (K.B.); (V.M.); (B.O.R.)
- Emory Healthcare Veterans Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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21
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Leary M, Pursey KM, Verdejo-Garcia A, Burrows TL. Current Intervention Treatments for Food Addiction: A Systematic Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:80. [PMID: 34071059 PMCID: PMC8224570 DOI: 10.3390/bs11060080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the concept of food addiction (FA) has steadily grown and, based on a widely used self-report, FA is estimated to affect between 16-20% of the adult population. However, there are few interventions available for people with self-reported FA, and their efficacy is unclear. The primary aim of the review was to examine the efficacy of different interventions, including behavioural/lifestyle, medication and surgical approaches, for reducing symptoms and/or changing diagnosis of FA among adolescents and adults. A secondary aim was to examine the influence of sex as a moderator of intervention effects. A systematic search was performed from 2008-2020 to identify studies that used the YFAS to assess the effectiveness of interventions on FA. Nine studies were identified (n = 7 adults, n = 2 adolescents) including a total of 812 participants (range 22-256) with an average of 69% females per study. The types of interventions included medications (n = 3), lifestyle modification (n = 3), surgical (n = 2) and behavioural (n = 1), with FA being assessed as a secondary outcome in all studies. Five studies in adults reported a significant reduction in FA symptoms or diagnosis from pre to post-intervention, two when compared to a control group and three in the intervention group only. Efficacious interventions included: medication (combination of naltrexone and bupropion, as well as pexacerfont), bariatric surgery and lifestyle modification. No significant changes in FA were reported in adolescent studies. Given few studies were identified by the review, there is insufficient evidence to provide clear recommendations for practice; however, some interventions show potential for reducing self-reported FA outcomes in adults. Future research should explore the longer-term efficacy of interventions and the effectiveness of treatments with sufficient sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Leary
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kirrilly M Pursey
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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22
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Betts GM, Lipsky LM, Temmen CD, Siega-Riz AM, Faith MS, Nansel TR. Poorer mental health and sleep quality are associated with greater self-reported reward-related eating during pregnancy and postpartum: an observational cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:58. [PMID: 33933087 PMCID: PMC8088672 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, stress, and poor-quality sleep are common during pregnancy and postpartum, but the relationship of these factors with reward-related eating is not well understood. This observational cohort study examines associations of depression, stress, and sleep quality with self-reported reward-related eating in pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS Participants were enrolled at < 12 weeks gestation and followed through 1 year postpartum. Self-reported measures obtained at baseline and 23-31 weeks postpartum included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; reward-related eating measures included the Power of Food Scale (assessing hedonic hunger), modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (assessing addictive-like eating), and frequency and intensity of cravings. Linear and logistic regression models estimated associations of depressive symptoms, stress, and sleep quality with reward-related eating during pregnancy and postpartum, as well as change in each predictor with change in outcome. RESULTS During pregnancy, greater depressive symptoms (β ± SE = 0.03 ± 0.01, p < .01), higher stress (0.03 ± 0.01, p < .01), and worse sleep quality (0.03 ± 0.01, p = 0.03) were associated with greater hedonic hunger. Similarly, greater depressive symptoms (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.14, p = .01), higher stress (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.14, p = <.01), and worse sleep quality (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.18, p = .04) were associated with greater odds of addictive-like eating. These associations were also significant in postpartum except that sleep quality was not associated with hedonic hunger. Greater depressive symptoms (β ± SE = 0.06 ± 0.02, p < .01; 0.08 ± 0.02, p = <.01), higher stress (0.04 ± 0.01, p < .01; 0.06 ± 0.02, p < .01), and worse sleep quality (0.11 ± 0.03, p < .01; 0.13 ± 0.03, p < .01) during pregnancy were associated with stronger and more frequent cravings, respectively. Increased depressive symptoms from pregnancy to postpartum was associated with increased hedonic hunger (β ± SE = 1.17 ± 0.57, p = 0.01) and addictive-like eating (0.88 ± 0.33, p = 0.01), and increased stress was associated with increased hedonic hunger (1.71 ± 0.76, p = 0.02). Change in stress was not associated with change in addictive-like eating and change in sleep quality was not associated with change in either hedonic hunger or addictive-like eating. CONCLUSIONS Greater depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and poorer sleep quality are associated with greater self-reported reward-related eating during pregnancy and postpartum, suggesting that efforts to improve diet during and after pregnancy may benefit from addressing mental health and sleep. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov Registration ID - NCT02217462 . Date of registration - August 13, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Betts
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr., MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Leah M Lipsky
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr., MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Chelsie D Temmen
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr., MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- Departments of Nutrition and Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 109 Arnold House, 715 Pleasant St, Amherst, MA, 01003-9303, USA
| | - Myles S Faith
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, 420 Baldy Hall, University at Buffalo - SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14250-1000, USA
| | - Tonja R Nansel
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr., MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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23
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Albertella L, Rotaru K, Christensen E, Lowe A, Brierley ME, Richardson K, Chamberlain SR, Lee RSC, Kayayan E, Grant JE, Schluter-Hughes S, Ince C, Fontenelle LF, Segrave R, Yücel M. The Influence of Trait Compulsivity and Impulsivity on Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors During COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:634583. [PMID: 33708147 PMCID: PMC7940765 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.634583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in high levels of psychological distress worldwide, with experts expressing concern that this could result in corresponding increases in addictive behaviors as individuals seek to cope with their distress. Further, some individuals may be at greater risk than others for developing problematic addictive behaviors during times of high stress, such as individuals with high trait impulsivity and compulsivity. Despite the potential of such knowledge to inform early detection of risk, no study to date has examined the influence of trait impulsivity and compulsivity on addictive behaviors during COVID-19. Toward this aim, the current study examined the association between impulsive and compulsive traits and problematic addictive and compulsive behaviors during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Australia. Methods: Eight hundred seventy-eight adults completed a cross-sectional online survey during the first lockdown, between late May to June 2020. Participants completed scales for addictive and compulsive behaviors for the period prior to and during lockdown for problematic eating, pornography, internet use, gambling, drinking, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Negative binomial regressions examined the associations between impulsivity, compulsivity, and their interaction with problematic behaviors during lockdown, controlling for age, gender, sample, psychological distress, exposure to COVID-related stressors, and pre-COVID problems. Results: Greater trait compulsivity was associated with more problematic obsessive-compulsive behaviors (p < 0.001) and less problematic drinking (p = 0.038) during lockdown. Further, trait compulsivity interacted with trait impulsivity in relation to problematic eating behaviors (p = 0.014) such that greater trait compulsivity was associated with more problems among individuals with low impulsivity only (p = 0.030). Finally, psychological distress and/or exposure to COVID-related stressors were associated with greater problems across all addictive and compulsive behaviors, as was severity of pre-COVID problems. Discussion: Trait compulsivity was associated with addictive and compulsive behaviors in different ways. Further, the finding that stress-related variables (psychological distress and COVID-related stressors) were associated with greater problems across all lockdown behaviors supports the idea that stress may facilitate, or otherwise be associated with, problematic behaviors. These findings highlight the need for interventions that enhance resilience to stress, which in turn may reduce risk for addictive and compulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristian Rotaru
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Business School, Monash University, Caulfield, VIC, Australia
| | - Erynn Christensen
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amelia Lowe
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary-Ellen Brierley
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karyn Richardson
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Rico S. C. Lee
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Edouard Kayayan
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon E. Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sam Schluter-Hughes
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Campbell Ince
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Leonardo F. Fontenelle
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Segrave
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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24
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No control and overwhelming cravings: Australian adults' perspectives on the experience of food addiction. Appetite 2020; 159:105054. [PMID: 33248192 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Research in the area of food addiction is continuing to increase with recent reviews suggesting that food addiction is a distinctive condition that has many symptoms similar to substance use disorders. The current study explored the perspectives and experiences of Australian adults seeking treatment for addictive eating. Quantitative data for this study was collected via self-report questionnaires completed online, including demographics, the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. Qualitative data was collected via semi-structured interviews using open-ended questions about the individual experience of food addiction and perspectives regarding intervention and recovery. Interview data was available for 34 participants, with the majority (n = 33) being females who were overweight, (mean ± SD age = 42.9 ± 13.2 years, BMI=36.5 ± 6.8 kg/m2). Stress (19.9 ± 11.4 out of 21) and depression (16.8 ± 10.2 out of 21) were the most prominent negative emotional states. Thematic analysis identified two themes of compulsion and control. Compulsion distinguished the participants' experiences related to addictive eating behaviours, in particular the notion of craving. Control encompassed their perception of both the processes and outcomes of overcoming their addictive eating. The two themes identified were not mutually exclusive, and relationships between them and their influence on each other were observable. This study provides a unique contribution to understanding adults' experience of food addiction by highlighting the strong desire to be in control of eating behaviours, and the inability of participants to overcome their compulsions to eat specific food despite minimal anticipation of positive effect.
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25
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Wiss DA, Avena N, Gold M. Food Addiction and Psychosocial Adversity: Biological Embedding, Contextual Factors, and Public Health Implications. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3521. [PMID: 33207612 PMCID: PMC7698089 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of stress, trauma, and adversity particularly early in life has been identified as a contributing factor in both drug and food addictions. While links between traumatic stress and substance use disorders are well documented, the pathways to food addiction and obesity are less established. This review focuses on psychosocial and neurobiological factors that may increase risk for addiction-like behaviors and ultimately increase BMI over the lifespan. Early childhood and adolescent adversity can induce long-lasting alterations in the glucocorticoid and dopamine systems that lead to increased addiction vulnerability later in life. Allostatic load, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and emerging data on epigenetics in the context of biological embedding are highlighted. A conceptual model for food addiction is proposed, which integrates data on the biological embedding of adversity as well as upstream psychological, social, and environmental factors. Dietary restraint as a feature of disordered eating is discussed as an important contextual factor related to food addiction. Discussion of various public health and policy considerations are based on the concept that improved knowledge of biopsychosocial mechanisms contributing to food addiction may decrease stigma associated with obesity and disordered eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Wiss
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Nicole Avena
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Mark Gold
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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26
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El Archi S, Cortese S, Ballon N, Réveillère C, De Luca A, Barrault S, Brunault P. Negative Affectivity and Emotion Dysregulation as Mediators between ADHD and Disordered Eating: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113292. [PMID: 33121125 PMCID: PMC7693832 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with disordered eating, especially addictive-like eating behavior (i.e., binge eating, food addiction, loss of control overeating). The exact mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. ADHD and addictive-like eating behavior are both associated with negative affectivity and emotion dysregulation, which we hypothesized are mediators of this relationship. The purpose of this systematic review was to review the evidence related to this hypothesis from studies assessing the relationship between childhood or adulthood ADHD symptomatology, negative affectivity, emotion dysregulation and addictive-like eating behavior. The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO (publication date: January 2015 to August 2020; date of search: 2 September 2020). Out of 403 potentially relevant articles, 41 were retained; 38 publications reported that ADHD and disordered eating or addictive-like eating behavior were significantly associated, including 8 articles that suggested a mediator role of negative affectivity or emotion dysregulation. Sixteen publications reported that the association between ADHD symptomatology and disordered eating or addictive-like eating behavior differed according to gender, eating behavior and ADHD symptoms (hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention). We discuss the practical implications of these findings and directions future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah El Archi
- Qualipsy, EE 1901, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France; (S.E.A.); (C.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, Academic Unit of Psychology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton SO19 8BR, UK
- New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG72UH, UK
| | - Nicolas Ballon
- CHRU de Tours, Service d’Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, 37044 Tours, France;
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Christian Réveillère
- Qualipsy, EE 1901, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France; (S.E.A.); (C.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Arnaud De Luca
- CHRU de Tours, Centre Spécialisé de l’Obésité, 37044 Tours, France;
- UMR 1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Servane Barrault
- Qualipsy, EE 1901, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France; (S.E.A.); (C.R.); (S.B.)
- CHRU de Tours, Service d’Addictologie Universitaire, Centre de Soins d’Accompagnement et de Prévention en Addictologie d’Indre-et-Loire (CSAPA-37), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Paul Brunault
- Qualipsy, EE 1901, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France; (S.E.A.); (C.R.); (S.B.)
- CHRU de Tours, Service d’Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, 37044 Tours, France;
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37032 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-18-37-05-81
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27
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Fritz EM, Singewald N, De Bundel D. The Good, the Bad and the Unknown Aspects of Ghrelin in Stress Coping and Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:594484. [PMID: 33192444 PMCID: PMC7652849 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.594484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone released by specialized X/A cells in the stomach and activated by acylation. Following its secretion, it binds to ghrelin receptors in the periphery to regulate energy balance, but it also acts on the central nervous system where it induces a potent orexigenic effect. Several types of stressors have been shown to stimulate ghrelin release in rodents, including nutritional stressors like food deprivation, but also physical and psychological stressors such as foot shocks, social defeat, forced immobilization or chronic unpredictable mild stress. The mechanism through which these stressors drive ghrelin release from the stomach lining remains unknown and, to date, the resulting consequences of ghrelin release for stress coping remain poorly understood. Indeed, ghrelin has been proposed to act as a stress hormone that reduces fear, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in rodents but some studies suggest that ghrelin may - in contrast - promote such behaviors. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on the role of the ghrelin system in stress coping. We discuss whether ghrelin release is more than a byproduct of disrupted energy homeostasis following stress exposure. Furthermore, we explore the notion that ghrelin receptor signaling in the brain may have effects independent of circulating ghrelin and in what way this might influence stress coping in rodents. Finally, we examine how the ghrelin system could be utilized as a therapeutic avenue in stress-related psychiatric disorders (with a focus on anxiety- and trauma-related disorders), for example to develop novel biomarkers for a better diagnosis or new interventions to tackle relapse or treatment resistance in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Fritz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dimitri De Bundel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Bou Khalil R, Sleilaty G, Richa S, Seneque M, Iceta S, Rodgers R, Alacreu-Crespo A, Maimoun L, Lefebvre P, Renard E, Courtet P, Guillaume S. The Impact of Retrospective Childhood Maltreatment on Eating Disorders as Mediated by Food Addiction: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102969. [PMID: 32998411 PMCID: PMC7601309 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The current study aimed to test whether food addiction (FA) might mediate the relationship between the presence of a history of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder (ED) symptom severity. Methods: Participants were 231 patients with ED presenting between May 2017 and January 2020 to a daycare treatment facility for assessment and management with mainly the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0). Results: Participants had a median age of 24 (interquartile range (IQR) 20–33) years and manifested anorexia nervosa (61.47%), bulimia nervosa (16.88%), binge-eating disorders (9.09%), and other types of ED (12.55%). They were grouped into those likely presenting FA (N = 154) and those without FA (N = 77). The group with FA reported higher scores on all five CTQ subscales, as well as the total score of the EDI-2 (p < 0.001). Using mediation analysis; significant indirect pathways between all CTQ subscales and the EDI-2 total score emerged via FA, with the largest indirect effect emerging for physical neglect (standardized effect = 0.208; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.127–0.29) followed by emotional abuse (standardized effect = 0.183; 95% CI 0.109–0.262). Conclusion: These results are compatible with a model in which certain types of childhood maltreatment, especially physical neglect, may induce, maintain, and/or exacerbate ED symptoms via FA which may guide future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Bou Khalil
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Joseph University-Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut BP 166830, Lebanon;
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (A.A.-C.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-1142-1000
| | - Ghassan Sleilaty
- Clincal Research Center and Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Saint Joseph University-Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut BP 166830, Lebanon;
| | - Sami Richa
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Joseph University-Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut BP 166830, Lebanon;
| | - Maude Seneque
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (A.A.-C.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Sylvain Iceta
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada;
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Referral Center for Eating Disorder, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69677 Bron, France
| | - Rachel Rodgers
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adrian Alacreu-Crespo
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (A.A.-C.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Laurent Maimoun
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Lefebvre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Eric Renard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.L.); (E.R.)
- UMR CNRS 5203, INSERM U1191, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (A.A.-C.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Sebastien Guillaume
- PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (A.A.-C.); (P.C.); (S.G.)
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France;
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29
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Wiss D, Brewerton T. Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2937. [PMID: 32992768 PMCID: PMC7600542 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence from both animal and human studies have implicated hedonic eating as a driver of both binge eating and obesity. The construct of food addiction has been used to capture pathological eating across clinical and non-clinical populations. There is an ongoing debate regarding the value of a food addiction "diagnosis" among those with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa binge/purge-type, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Much of the food addiction research in eating disorder populations has failed to account for dietary restraint, which can increase addiction-like eating behaviors and may even lead to false positives. Some have argued that the concept of food addiction does more harm than good by encouraging restrictive approaches to eating. Others have shown that a better understanding of the food addiction model can reduce stigma associated with obesity. What is lacking in the literature is a description of a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of food addiction. This should include consideration of dietary restraint, and the presence of symptoms of other psychiatric disorders (substance use, posttraumatic stress, depressive, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity) to guide treatments including nutrition interventions. The purpose of this review is to help clinicians identify the symptoms of food addiction (true positives, or "the signal") from the more classic eating pathology (true negatives, or "restraint") that can potentially elevate food addiction scores (false positives, or "the noise"). Three clinical vignettes are presented, designed to aid with the assessment process, case conceptualization, and treatment strategies. The review summarizes logical steps that clinicians can take to contextualize elevated food addiction scores, even when the use of validated research instruments is not practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wiss
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - Timothy Brewerton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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30
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Lin YS, Tung YT, Yen YC, Chien YW. Food Addiction Mediates the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Body Mass Index in Taiwan Young Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071951. [PMID: 32629983 PMCID: PMC7400148 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived stress is the degree of stress experienced by an individual in the face of a stressor. Studies have shown that stress affects emotions, leads to behavioral changes, and is likely to trigger physical illnesses. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), stress is classified as a health epidemic of the 21st century; in the meantime, the percentage of adults being overweight and with obesity has continued to grow after reaching 38.9% in 2016. Hence, it is unclear whether perceived stress has become a factor affecting progressive obesity and whether food addiction (FA) is an intermediate factor. The purposes of this study were to (1) investigate the FA prevalence among young adults in Taiwan, (2) understand correlations among perceived stress, FA, and the body mass index (BMI), and (3) determine the potential mediating effect of FA due to perceived stress on BMI. The study was conducted through an online questionnaire, composed of a basic data form, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). We received 1994 responses and analyzed 1780 valid samples. Results showed that 231 participants met the FA criteria, accounting for 12.98%. Perceived stress was positively correlated with BMI (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.013~0.088, p-value 7.8 × 10−3), and perceived stress was positively associated to FA (95% CI 1.099~1.154, p-value < 10−4), which was also positively correlated with BMI (95% CI 0.705~2.176, p-value 10−4). FA significantly mediated the relationship between PSS and BMI with an indirect effect size of 25.18% and 25.48% in the group that scored 31~40 on the PSS. The study concluded that among people seeking weight loss, proper stress management and screening for FA in order to apply related therapies may be an effective method for weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Syuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (Y.-T.T.)
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (Y.-T.T.)
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Yen
- Biostatistics Center, Office of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106339, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Wen Chien
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (Y.-T.T.)
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-227-361-661 (ext. 6556)
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Wittbrodt MT, Vaccarino V, Shah AJ, Mayer EA, Bremner JD. Psychometric properties of the Adulthood Trauma Inventory. Health Psychol 2020; 39:679-688. [PMID: 32297773 PMCID: PMC8240837 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological trauma is an important public health problem, but previous measurement tools have primarily focused on childhood traumatic events while trauma exposure in adulthood (>18 years of age) has received less attention. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of an instrument for assessment of psychological trauma in adulthood, the Adulthood Trauma Inventory (ATI). METHOD Participants (n = 893) completed the ATI, a 33-item questionnaire modeled after the Early Trauma Inventory-Self Report (ETI-SR), assessing traumatic events occurring after 18 years of age. Participants also completed instruments to assess depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and early trauma (ETI-SR). Internal consistency and item response theory metrics were examined. RESULTS ATI total score (number of items endorsed) yielded the greatest internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .77) and was significantly (p < .0001) correlated with indices of PTSD (ρ = 0.40), depression (ρ = 0.31), and early trauma (ρ = 0.56). Area under the curve and accuracy values ranged from 0.65 and 70% (depression) to 0.75 and 95% (current PTSD). CONCLUSIONS The ATI is a valid measure of adult psychological trauma that may be useful for both clinical assessment and research involving the long-term effects on the individual and psychobiology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emeran A Mayer
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles
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Ogden J, Ratcliffe D, Snowdon-Carr V. British Obesity Metabolic Surgery Society endorsed guidelines for psychological support pre- and post-bariatric surgery. Clin Obes 2019; 9:e12339. [PMID: 31512398 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Research teams have argued that some bariatric patients require psychological input pre- and post-surgery and that weight loss surgery should only be undertaken by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) that can provide psychological support. To date, no guidelines exist for the provision of psychological support pre- and post-bariatric surgery. The authors were approached by British Obesity Metabolic Surgery Society (BOMSS) in September 2017 to produce guidelines for the provision of psychological support for patients pre- and post-bariatric surgery. These guidelines were developed using seven stages: (a) review of evidence base; (b) expert input; (c) feedback from BOMSS delegates; (d) feedback from the special interest group; (e) service user feedback; (f) presentation to BOMSS council; and (g) presentation to the Association for the Study of Obesity. The guidelines describe two stepped care service models for the delivery of psychological support pre-surgery and 6 to 9 months post-surgery involving online resources, group workshops and one-to-one with a clinical psychologist. They are founded upon the following principles: (a) a living document to be modified over time; (b) flexible and pragmatic; (c) advisory not prescriptive; (d) broad based content; (e) skills based delivery. These guidelines are feasible for use across all services and should minimize patient risk and maximize patient health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ogden
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Vanessa Snowdon-Carr
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Weight Management and Bariatric Surgery, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK
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Stojek MM, Maples-Keller JL, Dixon HD, Umpierrez GE, Gillespie CF, Michopoulos V. Associations of childhood trauma with food addiction and insulin resistance in African-American women with diabetes mellitus. Appetite 2019; 141:104317. [PMID: 31185252 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) describes a group of disordered eating behaviors. Childhood trauma has been associated with adult FA and trauma has known effects on the endocrine system, but it is unclear whether FA is associated with insulin resistance. We hypothesized that severity of childhood trauma will be associated with FA and higher insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in a sample of obese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and that FA will mediate the association between childhood trauma and HOMA-IR. Women with a diagnosis of T2DM (N = 73; MBMI = 35.86, SDBMI = 7.72; Mage = 50.59, SDage = 9.72) were recruited from a diabetes clinic at a county hospital. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 64 participants to assess plasma hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin and glucose (used to calculate HOMA-IR); Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was performed to measure change in glucose and insulin secretion. 48% of the sample met diagnostic criteria for FA. Women with FA reported significantly higher HOMA-IR (F = 25.692, p < 0.001, df = 1,62), HbA1c (F = 4.358, p = 0.041, df = 1,62), and OGGT glucose (F = 5.539, p = 0.022, df = 1,62) as well as severity of childhood trauma (F = 10.453, p = 0.002, df = 1,71). In a hierarchical linear regression controlling for BMI, income level, and T2DM treatment, the severity of childhood trauma did not contribute to the prediction of HOMA-IR (β = -0.011, p = 0.942) whereas FA did (β = 0.422, p = 0.007). In a bootstrapped mediation analysis, the association between childhood trauma and HOMA-IR was mediated by FA severity (b = 0.596, p = 0.020). Understanding the psychological factors that contribute to HOMA-IR in an underserved population of African American women may lead to more effective diabetes management and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M Stojek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Healthcare Veterans Program, USA
| | - Jessica L Maples-Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Healthcare Veterans Program, USA
| | - Hayley Drew Dixon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guillermo E Umpierrez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Charles F Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Duschinsky R, Reisz S, Messina S. 'Pulling the world in and pushing it away': participating bodies and the concept of coping. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2019; 45:124-130. [PMID: 31289218 PMCID: PMC6699602 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2018-011581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In her lead article in this special issue, Monica Greco (2018) offers the concept of participating bodies as a 'possibility of conceiving bodies themselves-and bodily events such as disease/illness-as expressing values and perhaps even socially meaningful "preferences"'. Such a position seeks to avoid capitulation to a) an image of bodily processes as without values or responsiveness, object rather than participant; b) an image of human agents as unitary, self-knowing, sovereign choosers-unless ill. This article will explore this perspective as applied to the idea of coping. The article will explore strategies of everyday living, through particular consideration of Lauren Berlant's reading of Two Girls, Fat and Thin by Mary Gaitskill. In her interpretation of the novel, Berlant assesses the kinds of problems for subjects and bodies that may be solved or managed through participation in or refraining from participation in thinking, food or sex. The account of coping and embodiment in Berlant's reflections will then be placed in dialogue with findings by Alexandra Michel, who watched the process of physical burnout in investment banking associates during a 13-year cultural ethnography, observing as the bankers heeded or ignored the cues their bodies gave about the limits of feasible demands. The article as a whole offers an illustration of the value of Greco's reflections for offering a fresh and valuable perspective on the concept of coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie Duschinsky
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samantha Reisz
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
- University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Serena Messina
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
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Wei NL, Quan ZF, Zhao T, Yu XD, Xie Q, Zeng J, Ma FK, Wang F, Tang QS, Wu H, Zhu JH. Chronic stress increases susceptibility to food addiction by increasing the levels of DR2 and MOR in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1211-1229. [PMID: 31190828 PMCID: PMC6512647 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s204818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stress-related obesity might be related to the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenocortical axis and dysregulation of the metabolic system. Chronic stress also induces the dysregulation of the reward system and increases the risk of food addiction, according to recent clinical findings. However, few studies have tested the effect of chronic stress on food addiction in animal models. Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify whether chronic stress promotes food addiction or not and explore the possible mechanisms. Method: We applied adaily 2 hrsflashing LED irradiation stress to mice fed chow or palatable food to mimic the effect of chronic stress on feeding. After 1 month of chronic stress exposure, we tested their binge eating behaviors, cravings for palatable food, responses for palatable food, and compulsive eating behaviors to evaluate the effect of chronic stress on food addiction-like behaviors. We detected changes in the levels of various genes and proteins in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and lateral hypothalamus using qPCR and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Results: Behaviors results indicated chronic stress obviously increased food addiction score (FAS) in the palatable food feeding mice. Moreover, the FAS had astrong relationship with the extent of the increase in body weight. Chronic stress increased the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1(CRFR1) was increased in the NAc shell and core but decreased in the VTA of the mice fed with palatable food. Chronic stress also increased expression of both dopamine receptor 2 (DR2) and mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in the NAc. Conclusion: Chronic stress aggravates the FAS and contributed to the development of stress-related obesity. Chronic stress drives the dysregulation of the CRF signaling pathway in the reward system and increases the expression of DR2 and MOR in the nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Li Wei
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu China, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Fang Quan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Kai Ma
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Sheng Tang
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
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Penzenstadler L, Soares C, Karila L, Khazaal Y. Systematic Review of Food Addiction as Measured with the Yale Food Addiction Scale: Implications for the Food Addiction Construct. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:526-538. [PMID: 30406740 PMCID: PMC6712300 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666181108093520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of food addiction attracts much interest in the scientific community. Research is mainly based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), a tool developed to assess food addiction. Substance use disorder criteria have been used to develop this scale. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to review the clinical significance of food addiction diagnoses made with the YFAS and to discuss the results in light of the current debate on behavioral addictions. METHODS We performed a systematic review of the studies that assessed food addiction with the YFAS published between January 2014 and July 2017 by searching the electronic databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and PsycARTICLES. RESULTS Sixty publications were included in the analysis. Thirty-three studies examined nonclinical samples and 27 examined clinical samples. All studies used YFAS scoring results to define food addiction. The prevalence of food addiction according to the YFAS varied largely by the studied samples. In general, a higher body mass index and the presence of eating disorders (EDs), especially binge eating disorder (BED), were associated with higher YFAS scores. CONCLUSION The concept of food addiction has not been established to this day although it can be grouped with other EDs such as BED. More research is needed to understand this behavior and the differences between food addiction and other EDs. The criteria for food addiction should be revisited in light of the concepts currently used to examine behavioral addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Penzenstadler
- Address correspondence to this author at the Geneva University Hospitals, Rue de Grand-Pré, 70 C, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Tel: +41 22 372 57 50; Fax: +41 22 372 55 70; E-mail:
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Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Food Addiction to Bariatric Surgery Completion and Weight Loss Outcome. Obes Surg 2018; 28:3386-3392. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Mason SM, Santaularia NJ, Berge JM, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D. Is the childhood home food environment a confounder of the association between child maltreatment exposure and adult body mass index? Prev Med 2018; 110:86-92. [PMID: 29454080 PMCID: PMC5851654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is consistently associated with adult obesity, leading to calls for tailored weight interventions for people with maltreatment histories. However, it is possible that the maltreatment-obesity association is spurious and driven by unmeasured confounding, in which case such interventions would be misplaced. The home food environment in childhood is a potential confounder, but its role in the association of maltreatment with obesity has not been examined. We used a longitudinal dataset (Project EAT) to examine the association of adult retrospective reports of maltreatment history in childhood (1+ types of maltreatment before age 18 years) with previously-collected prospective childhood reports of home food environment characteristics (availability of healthy foods, availability of sweet/salty snack food, family meal frequency, and food insufficiency). We then estimated the association between maltreatment and adult body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) with and without adjustment for these home food environment factors. After adjustment for sociodemographics, maltreatment had a 0.84 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.28, 1.41) higher BMI at age 24-39 years, compared to those with no maltreatment, after adjustment for sociodemographics, parenting style, and BMI in childhood. Additional adjustment for home food environment factors had little effect on this association (β = 0.78 kg/m2; 95% CI: 0.21,1.35), suggesting limited confounding influence of the home food environment factors. Findings provide additional robust evidence that childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for obesity that may warrant tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| | - N J Santaularia
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - J M Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - N Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - D Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Theal R, Tay VXP, Hickman IJ. Conflicting relationship between dietary intake and metabolic health in PTSD: A systematic review. Nutr Res 2018; 54:12-22. [PMID: 29914663 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling psychological condition associated with significant physical comorbidities. There has been growing evidence to support the relationship between PTSD and cardiometabolic disease. Disordered eating behaviors often seen in people with PTSD symptoms may explain increased cardiometabolic risk. This systematic review aimed to assess the quality of evidence surrounding dietary intake of individuals with symptoms or a diagnosis of PTSD and their associated risk with cardiometabolic health outcomes. Online databases Scopus, ProQuest (Health), Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL with Full Text were searched for peer-reviewed English articles prior to December 2017 that examined dietary intake and cardiometabolic health outcomes in adults with PTSD symptoms or diagnosis. The quality of each study was graded based on the design and methodology using adapted quality assessment tools. Seven studies with five unique participant samples were included in the review. Study methods, design, populations, and outcomes were inconsistent across studies. Dietary intake was considerably varied and limited associations were demonstrated between dietary intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in the PTSD cohorts. Due to the variability of measures and study outcomes, there was insufficient evidence to determine the relationship between dietary intake and PTSD-related cardiometabolic health outcomes. Future studies are needed to examine these associations in individuals with PTSD: specifically higher quality descriptive studies are necessary to confirm a link between diet and cardiometabolic disease in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Theal
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Newdegate Street, Greenslopes, 4120, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Valerie Xin Pei Tay
- Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane City, 4000, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Ingrid J Hickman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, 4102, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrance, South Brisbane, 4101, Queensland, Australia.
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Abstract
Quantitative studies have demonstrated a positive association between trauma exposure and disordered eating. However, reasons for this relationship are unclear. We used qualitative methods to understand why some individuals exposed to trauma report disordered eating. We conducted five focus groups and two dyadic interviews between spring 2013 and fall 2014 with women at a Veterans Health Administration medical center (N = 20). Most participants were recruited from outpatient mental health clinics. Participants completed demographic and psychological questionnaires. Using thematic analysis of transcripts, we identified trauma and disordered eating-related themes. Most participants were women of color (55%), and many reported psychological symptoms (65%). The mean age was 48 years (SD = 15). Thematic analysis resulted in three themes. First, trauma can be associated with disordered eating, often in relation to negative affect and maladaptive thoughts. Second, disordered eating can provide short-term, but not long-term, relief from trauma-related negative affect. Third, disordered eating can provide a mechanism to avoid unwanted attention from potential and past perpetrators of trauma. Trauma-related disordered eating, particularly in relation to sexual trauma, may have a distinct profile. Querying patients about causes of disordered eating when women report trauma histories may help clinicians ensure patients receive appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y. Breland
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (MPD-152), Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94304,USA
| | - Rosemary Donalson
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Julie V. Dinh
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Shira Maguen
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Lemeshow AR, Rimm EB, Hasin DS, Gearhardt AN, Flint AJ, Field AE, Genkinger JM. Food and beverage consumption and food addiction among women in the Nurses' Health Studies. Appetite 2018; 121:186-197. [PMID: 29102534 PMCID: PMC5952620 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have not addressed a fundamental component of a food addiction disorder: the compulsive relationship between eating and potentially positively reinforcing foods. We aimed to evaluate the association between food consumption and food addiction. METHODS We conducted cross-sectional analyses merging data from the Nurses' Health Study (n = 58,625) and Nurses' Health Study II (n = 65,063), two prospective cohort studies of female nurses in the United States. Diet was assessed in 2006-2007 using a food frequency questionnaire, and food addiction was assessed in 2008-2009 using the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale. RESULTS The prevalence of food addiction was 5.4%. The odds of food addiction were strongest among nurses consuming 5+ servings/week (compared with <1 serving/month) of hamburgers (multivariable odds ratio (MVOR) 4.08; 95% CI, 2.66-6.25), French fries (MVOR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.59-3.51) and pizza (MVOR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.67-3.69). Consumption of red/processed meat, low/no fat snacks/desserts, and low calorie beverages was positively associated with food addiction, while consumption of refined grains, sugar-sweetened beverages and fruits, vegetables, and legumes was inversely associated with food addiction. CONCLUSIONS This epidemiologic study was the largest to examine food consumption and food addiction. Food addiction was positively associated with consumption of many hypothesized positively reinforcing foods that include a combination of carbohydrates and fats such as snacks, "fast foods," and candy bars. However, it was inversely or not associated with certain sweet foods, refined grains, and sugar-sweetened beverages, which is consistent with literature suggesting that carbohydrates (without other ingredients) are less associated with food addiction. Longitudinal analyses will help untangle the temporal order between food consumption and food addiction, as some relationships in our analyses were difficult to interpret due to the cross-sectional design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina R Lemeshow
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States.
| | - Deborah S Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Alan J Flint
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Alison E Field
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Jeanine M Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
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Burrows T, Kay-Lambkin F, Pursey K, Skinner J, Dayas C. Food addiction and associations with mental health symptoms: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2018; 31:544-572. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Burrows
- School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Priority Research Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - F. Kay-Lambkin
- Faculty Health and Medicine; NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - K. Pursey
- School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Priority Research Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - J. Skinner
- School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Priority Research Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - C. Dayas
- School of Biomedicine and Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Medicine; University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
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Leigh SJ, Morris MJ. The role of reward circuitry and food addiction in the obesity epidemic: An update. Biol Psychol 2018; 131:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sanlier N, Navruz Varli S, Macit MS, Mortas H, Tatar T. Evaluation of disordered eating tendencies in young adults. Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:623-631. [PMID: 28871480 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It was aimed to determine the prevalence of high disordered eating tendencies and its relationship with food addiction, emotional eating and self esteem in participants at 18 and 33 years age group. METHODS This study was planned as a cross-sectional study and conducted with 1359 young adult volunteers (M = 386, F = 973) with an average age of 22.4 ± 2.84 years. Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used. EAT-26 score above 20 was considered as eating disorders risk cutoff. RESULTS Participants with disordered eating tendencies have higher rates (22.4%) of food addiction compared to participants without high disordered eating tendencies (7.2%). There is no difference for EMAQ and YFAS scores; however, there is a significant difference for RSES and EAT-26 scores according to gender. A positive association of EAT-26 with YFAS and EMAQ-negative scores and a negative association of EAT-26 with RSES and EMAQ-positive were found. DISCUSSION There is association among EAT-26, YFAS, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Emotional Appetite Questionnaire scores. This study provides information for future studies about high disordered eating tendencies, food addiction and mood that are thought to be important in young adults. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V (cross-sectional descriptive study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Science Faculty, Biruni University, Topkapı, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Semra Navruz Varli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Sedanur Macit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hande Mortas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Tatar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Mason SM, Frazier PA, Austin SB, Harlow BL, Jackson B, Raymond NC, Rich-Edwards JW. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Problematic Overeating Behaviors in Young Men and Women. Ann Behav Med 2017; 51:822-832. [PMID: 28425019 PMCID: PMC5648630 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-017-9905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a risk factor for obesity, but the range of behaviors that contribute to this association are not known. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine associations between self-reported PTSD symptoms in 2007, with and without comorbid depression symptoms, and three problematic overeating behaviors in 2010, and to estimate the associations of PTSD-related overeating behaviors with obesity. METHODS Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses included 7438 male (n = 2478) and female (n = 4960) participants from the Growing Up Today Study (mean age 22-29 years in 2010). Three eating behavior outcomes were assessed: binge eating (eating a large amount of food in a short period of time with loss of control), top quartile of coping-motivated eating (from the Motivations to Eat scale), and top quartile of disinhibited eating (from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire). RESULTS PTSD symptoms were associated with two- to threefold increases in binge eating and top-quartile coping-motivated eating; having ≥4 PTSD symptoms, relative to no PTSD symptoms, was associated with covariate-adjusted RRs of 2.7 (95% CI 2.1, 3.4) for binge eating, 2.1 (95% CI 1.9, 2.4) for the top quartile of coping-motivated eating, and 1.5 (95% CI 1.3, 1.7) for the top quartile of disinhibited eating. There was a trend toward PTSD symptoms in 2007 predicting new onset binge eating in 2010. Having depression symptoms comorbid with PTSD symptoms further increased risk of binge eating and coping-motivated eating. All eating behaviors were associated with obesity. CONCLUSION Clinicians treating patients with PTSD should know of potential comorbid problematic eating behaviors that may contribute to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 South 2nd Street, 3rd Floor, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - S Bryn Austin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard L Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benita Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
| | - Nancy C Raymond
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Powell Center for Women's Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Na KS, Kim EK, Park JT. Decreased plasma adiponectin among male firefighters with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. J Affect Disord 2017; 221:254-258. [PMID: 28662456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported that adiponectin-mediated neuromolecular pathways are involved in fear extinction, implying that adiponectin may be an important biological marker for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, no study has investigated the association between adiponectin and patients with PTSD. METHODS We examined plasma adiponectin levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and psychopathological factors using the Korean version of the Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R-K) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in 507 male firefighters. The PTSD symptom group was defined as those with a score of 25 or higher on the IES-R-K. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the covariates for the PTSD symptom group. RESULTS Out of 507 male firefighters, 139 (27.4%) had a score of 25 or more on the IES-R-K. The PTSD symptom group had lower plasma adiponectin levels than the controls. There was an inverse correlation between plasma adiponectin levels and PTSD severity. There was no correlation between adiponectin levels and depression. The adiponectin level was associated with the presence of PTSD symptom (odds ratio = 0.955, 95% CI = 0.920-0.991). LIMITATIONS A cross-sectional design and using self-rated instruments. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, the results showed that decreased adiponectin-mediated activity is associated with PTSD. Future studies are necessary to identify the causative role of adiponectin for PTSD as well as any possible covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Sa Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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Hardy R, Fani N, Jovanovic T, Michopoulos V. Food addiction and substance addiction in women: Common clinical characteristics. Appetite 2017; 120:367-373. [PMID: 28958901 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Food addiction is characterized by poorly controlled intake of highly-palatable, calorically-dense, foods. While previous studies indicate that risk factors for food addiction are similar to substance use disorders (SUD), these studies have looked at food addiction and SUD in independent samples, limiting the ability to directly compare food addiction to SUD. The present study was conducted to assess rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, childhood and adult trauma exposure, as well as presence and severity of emotion dysregulation, in a sample of women (N = 229) who either meet criteria for no addiction, food addiction only or SUD only. The prevalence of food addiction was 18.3% and the prevalence of SUD was 30.6% in this sample. Women with food addiction and women with SUD endorsed more depression and PTSD symptoms when compared with individuals with no addiction. Individuals with food addiction and SUD had higher total emotion dysregulation scores, specifically with difficulties in goal directed behaviors, non-acceptance of emotional responses, impulse control, limited access to emotion regulation strategies, and lack of emotional clarity, when compared to individuals with no addiction (all p's < 0.05). There were no differences in PTSD and depression symptoms and emotion dysregulation scores between food addiction and SUD groups (all p > 0.05). However, women with SUD endorsed higher levels of total childhood (p < 0.01) and adulthood trauma (p < 0.01) as compared with women with no addiction or food addiction. These results suggest that women with food addiction and those with SUD share similar psychological characteristics and risk factors, with the exception of trauma histories. These findings have implications for the detection of risk for and treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven Hardy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Brewerton TD. Food addiction as a proxy for eating disorder and obesity severity, trauma history, PTSD symptoms, and comorbidity. Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:241-247. [PMID: 28361213 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Food addiction (FA) is a newly defined yet still controversial condition that has important etiological, developmental, treatment, prevention, and social policy implications. In this review, the case is made that FA (or high scores on the Yale Food Addiction Scale) may be used as a proxy measure for a matrix of interrelated clinical features, including greater eating disorder severity, greater obesity severity, more severe trauma histories, greater symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), greater psychiatric comorbidity, as well as greater medical morbidity and mortality. METHODS A Medline search was undertaken using the following terms: food addiction cross-referenced with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and binge eating), obesity, trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and comorbidity. RESULTS The thesis is that the identification and acknowledgment of the concept of FA, when integrated into an overall, trauma-focused and transdiagnostic treatment approach, are supported and can be useful in understanding clinically the "big picture." CONCLUSIONS Food addiction (FA) may be used as a proxy for (1) bulimic eating disorder severity, (2) complex trauma histories, (3) severity of PTSD and PTSD symptoms, (4) intensity of psychiatric comorbidity, (5) severity of obesity, as well as (6) their combination. Implications for developing treatment strategies are discussed. The case for a comprehensive management that requires careful attention to medical and psychiatric assessment and integrated care that incorporates trauma-focused treatment is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Brewerton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,, 216 Scott Street, Mount Pleasant, SC, 29464, USA.
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Brunault P, Courtois R, Gearhardt AN, Gaillard P, Journiac K, Cathelain S, Réveillère C, Ballon N. Validation of the French Version of the DSM-5 Yale Food Addiction Scale in a Nonclinical Sample. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2017; 62:199-210. [PMID: 28212499 PMCID: PMC5317020 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716673320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) is the only questionnaire that assesses food addiction (FA) based on substance dependence criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Following recent updating of addiction criteria, a new DSM-5 version (YFAS 2.0) has been developed. Our study tested the psychometric properties of the French YFAS 2.0 in a nonclinical population. METHOD We assessed 330 nonclinical participants for FA (French YFAS 2.0), eating behaviour, and eating disorder (Binge Eating Scale, Emotional Overeating Questionnaire, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised, Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale). We tested the scale's factor structure (confirmatory factor analysis based on 11 diagnostic criteria), internal consistency, and construct and incremental validity. RESULTS Prevalence of FA was 8.2%. Our results supported a 1-factor structure similar to the US version. In both its diagnostic and symptom count versions, the YFAS 2.0 had good internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson alpha was 0.83) and was associated with body mass index (BMI), binge eating, uncontrolled and emotional eating, binge eating disorder, and cognitive restraint. FA predicted BMI above and beyond binge eating frequency. Females had a higher prevalence of FA than males but not more FA symptoms. CONCLUSIONS We validated a psychometrically sound French version of the YFAS 2.0 in a nonclinical population, in both its symptom count and diagnostic versions. Future studies should investigate psychometric properties of this questionnaire in clinical populations potentially at risk for FA (that is, patients with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, or other metabolic syndrome risk factors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Brunault
- 1 CHRU de Tours, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France.,2 CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France.,3 Département de Psychologie, Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA 2114 Psychologie des Âges de la Vie, Tours, Franc
| | - Robert Courtois
- 2 CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France.,3 Département de Psychologie, Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA 2114 Psychologie des Âges de la Vie, Tours, Franc
| | | | - Philippe Gaillard
- 2 CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France.,5 UMR INSERM U930 ERL, Tours, France.,6 Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,7 Groupe Hospitalier Paul Guiraud, CSAPA Liberté, Bagneux, France
| | - Kevin Journiac
- 7 Groupe Hospitalier Paul Guiraud, CSAPA Liberté, Bagneux, France
| | - Sarah Cathelain
- 3 Département de Psychologie, Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA 2114 Psychologie des Âges de la Vie, Tours, Franc
| | - Christian Réveillère
- 3 Département de Psychologie, Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA 2114 Psychologie des Âges de la Vie, Tours, Franc
| | - Nicolas Ballon
- 1 CHRU de Tours, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France.,2 CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France.,6 Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,7 Groupe Hospitalier Paul Guiraud, CSAPA Liberté, Bagneux, France
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Traumatic experiences, alexithymia, and Internet addiction symptoms among late adolescents: A moderated mediation analysis. Addict Behav 2017; 64:314-320. [PMID: 26586032 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The association between traumatic experiences, alexithymia, and substance abuse is well established. Less is known about the role of traumatic experiences and alexithymia in the onset and maintenance of Internet-related disorders. In the present study, self-report measures on traumatic experiences, alexithymia, and problematic Internet use were administered to 358 high school students (57% females) aged 18-19years old, to test whether alexithymic traits mediated the relationship between traumatic experiences and Internet addiction symptoms, and whether gender moderated the proposed mediation in the sample. While partial mediation occurred in the entire sample, gender directly affected the relationship between the investigated constructs: Internet addiction symptoms were independently related to traumatic experiences among males, and to alexithymic traits among females. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that trauma memories among males, and problems with affect regulation among females, may increase the risk of problematic Internet use during late adolescence. Such findings might have relevant implications to inform any treatment plan for late adolescent students who are overinvolved with online activities, pointing out that tailored approaches to their problems and difficulties are particularly needed in clinical practice.
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