1
|
Bertani-Torres W, Lezirovitz K, Alencar-Coutinho D, Pardono E, da Costa SS, Antunes LDN, de Oliveira J, Otto PA, Pingault V, Mingroni-Netto RC. Waardenburg Syndrome: The Contribution of Next-Generation Sequencing to the Identification of Novel Causative Variants. Audiol Res 2023; 14:9-25. [PMID: 38391765 PMCID: PMC10886116 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres14010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is characterized by hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities of the eyes, hair, and skin. The condition is genetically heterogeneous, and is classified into four clinical types differentiated by the presence of dystopia canthorum in type 1 and its absence in type 2. Additionally, limb musculoskeletal abnormalities and Hirschsprung disease differentiate types 3 and 4, respectively. Genes PAX3, MITF, SOX10, KITLG, EDNRB, and EDN3 are already known to be associated with WS. In WS, a certain degree of molecularly undetected patients remains, especially in type 2. This study aims to pinpoint causative variants using different NGS approaches in a cohort of 26 Brazilian probands with possible/probable diagnosis of WS1 (8) or WS2 (18). DNA from the patients was first analyzed by exome sequencing. Seven of these families were submitted to trio analysis. For inconclusive cases, we applied a targeted NGS panel targeting WS/neurocristopathies genes. Causative variants were detected in 20 of the 26 probands analyzed, these being five in PAX3, eight in MITF, two in SOX10, four in EDNRB, and one in ACTG1 (type 2 Baraitser-Winter syndrome, BWS2). In conclusion, in our cohort of patients, the detection rate of the causative variant was 77%, confirming the superior detection power of NGS in genetically heterogeneous diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Bertani-Torres
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
- Department of Embryology and Genetics of Malformations, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 1163, Université Paris-Cité and Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Karina Lezirovitz
- Otorhinolaryngology Lab-LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Danillo Alencar-Coutinho
- Otorhinolaryngology Lab-LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Eliete Pardono
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista UNIP, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil
- Colégio Miguel de Cervantes, São Paulo 05618-001, Brazil
| | - Silvia Souza da Costa
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Larissa do Nascimento Antunes
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Judite de Oliveira
- Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Paulo Alberto Otto
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Véronique Pingault
- Department of Embryology and Genetics of Malformations, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 1163, Université Paris-Cité and Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
- Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Regina Célia Mingroni-Netto
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Knebel D, Rudolph G, Herold T, Priglinger S. [Waardenburg's Syndrome Type IIA with Partial Albinism]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239:1467-1470. [PMID: 34571549 DOI: 10.1055/a-1610-9690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Knebel
- Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Günter Rudolph
- Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Tina Herold
- Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Universität München, Deutschland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee C, Lo M, Chen Y, Lin P, Hsu C, Chen P, Wu C, Hsu JS. Identification of nine novel variants across PAX3, SOX10, EDNRB, and MITF genes in Waardenburg syndrome with next-generation sequencing. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e2082. [PMID: 36331148 PMCID: PMC9747560 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a hereditary, genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by variable presentations of sensorineural hearing impairment and pigmentation anomalies. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of WS in detail and determine the genetic causes of patients with clinically suspected WS. METHODS A total of 24 patients from 21 Han-Taiwanese families were enrolled and underwent comprehensive physical and audiological examinations. We applied targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) to investigate the potential causative variants in these patients and further validated the candidate variants through Sanger sequencing. RESULTS We identified 19 causative variants of WS in our cohort. Of these variants, nine were novel and discovered in PAX3, SOX10, EDNRB, and MITF genes, including missense, nonsense, deletion, and splice site variants. Several patients presented with skeletal deformities, hypotonia, megacolon, and neurological disorders that were rarely seen in WS. CONCLUSION This study revealed highly phenotypic variability in Taiwanese WS patients and demonstrated that targeted NGS allowed us to clarify the genetic diagnosis and extend the genetic variant spectrum of WS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen‐Yu Lee
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu BranchHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Yu Lo
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - You‐Mei Chen
- Department of Medical GeneticsNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin BranchYunlinTaiwan
| | - Chuan‐Jen Hsu
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,Department of OtolaryngologyBuddhist Tzuchi General Hospital, Taichung BranchTaichungTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Lung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Medical GeneticsNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chen‐Chi Wu
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Medical ResearchNational Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu BranchHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Jacob Shujui Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mutations in rhodopsin, endothelin B receptor, and CC chemokine receptor 5 in large animals: Modeling human diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:155-178. [PMID: 35595348 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell membrane receptors involved in modulating almost all physiological processes by transducing extracellular signals into the cytoplasm. Dysfunctions of GPCR-regulated signaling result in diverse human diseases, making GPCRs the most popular drug targets for human medicine. Large animals share higher similarities (in physiology and metabolism) with humans than rodents. Similar to findings in human genetics, diverse diseases caused by mutations in GPCR genes have also been discovered in large animals. Rhodopsin, endothelin B receptor, and CC chemokine receptor type 5 have been shown to be involved in human retinitis pigmentosa, Hirschsprung disease, and HIV infection/AIDS, respectively, and several mutations of these GPCRs have also been identified from large animals. The large animals with naturally occurring mutations of these GPCRs provide an opportunity to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of human diseases, and can be used for preclinical trials of therapies for human diseases. In this review, we aim to summarize the naturally occurring mutations of these three GPCRs in large animals and humans.
Collapse
|
5
|
A novel PAX3 mutation in a Chinese Han family with Waardenburg syndrome type 1. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 147:110758. [PMID: 34038854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the clinical characteristics and genetic causes of Waardenburg syndrome type 1 (WS1) present in a Chinese Han family. METHODS Evaluations, including the familial history, clinical features and audiological tests, were performed on the proband and her parents. Genetic analyses were conducted using targeted next-generation sequencing of 144 known deafness genes, and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics analyses of the candidate variant were performed. RESULTS The proband suffered from moderate hearing loss of the right ear, and her mother suffered from profound congenital bilateral hearing loss. The proband exhibited a left blue iris. The calculated W index of the proband was 2.61, while her mother's W index was 2.12. The proband and her mother were diagnosed with WS1 according to the Waardenburg Syndrome Consortium criteria. A novel missense variant NM_181457.3: c.127G > T; p.(Gly43Cys) in exon 2 in Paired Box 3 (PAX3) was identified in the proband and her mother, but this variant was not detected in the father and the controls. This variant was not reported in the HGMD, ClinVar, 1000G and ESP6500 databases. CONCLUSION We identified a novel missense variant in exon 2 of PAX3 as the genetic cause of WS1 in this two-generation family, which broadened the genetic spectrum of WS1.
Collapse
|
6
|
Varga L, Danis D, Drsata J, Masindova I, Skopkova M, Slobodova Z, Chrobok V, Profant M, Gasperikova D. Novel variants in EDNRB gene in Waardenburg syndrome type II and SOX10 gene in PCWH syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 140:110499. [PMID: 33234331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited disorders manifesting with sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentary anomalies. Here we present two Caucasian families with novel variants in EDNRB and SOX10 representing both sides of phenotype spectrum in WS. The c.521G>A variant in EDNRB identified in Family 1 leads to disruption of the cysteine disulfide bridge between extracellular segments of endothelin receptor type B and causes relatively mild phenotype of WS type II with low penetrance. The novel nonsense variant c.900C>A in SOX10 detected in Family 2 leads to PCWH syndrome and was found to be lethal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Varga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia; DIABGENE Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Daniel Danis
- DIABGENE Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jakub Drsata
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivica Masindova
- DIABGENE Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martina Skopkova
- DIABGENE Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Slobodova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia; DIABGENE Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Viktor Chrobok
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Profant
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Daniela Gasperikova
- DIABGENE Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li S, Guo M, Ruan B, Liu Y, Cui X, Han W, Li R. A Novel PAX3 Mutation in a Chinese Family with Waardenburg Syndrome Type 1. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:249-255. [PMID: 32250160 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To determine the clinical characteristics and genetic cause of Waardenburg syndrome type 1 (WS1) in a Chinese family. Materials and Methods: Evaluations, including history, clinical features, and audiological tests, were performed on the proband and her parents. Genetic analyses were performed targeting 144 known deafness genes using a next-generation sequencing panel. Bioinformatic analyses were used to analyze the candidate mutation. Results: The proband and her parents suffered from congenital bilateral profound hearing loss. Her mother exhibited bilateral blue irides. WS1 was diagnosed in the proband and her mother according to the Waardenburg syndrome consortium criteria: the calculated W index of the proband was 2.39 and that of her mother was 2.31. A novel mutation c.1076_1077del (p.Thr359fs) in exon 7 of the PAX3 gene (paired box 3) was identified in the proband and her mother that was absent in the father and controls. Conclusion: Mutations in exon 7 of the PAX3 gene are rare. We identified a novel frameshift mutation in exon 7 of the PAX3 gene that we determined was responsible for WS1 in this family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunning, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunning, China
| | - Biao Ruan
- Department of Otolaryngology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunning, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunning, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunning, China
| | - Weiwei Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunning, China
| | - Ruomei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunning, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moscatelli G, Bovo S, Schiavo G, Mazzoni G, Bertolini F, Dall'Olio S, Fontanesi L. Genome-wide association studies for iris pigmentation and heterochromia patterns in Large White pigs. Anim Genet 2020; 51:409-419. [PMID: 32232994 DOI: 10.1111/age.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Eye colour genetics have been extensively studied in humans since the rediscovery of Mendel's laws. This trait was first interpreted using simplistic genetic models but soon it was realised that it is more complex. In this study, we analysed eye colour variability in a Large White pig population (n = 897) and report the results of GWASs based on several comparisons including pigs having four main eye colour categories (three with both pigmented eyes of different brown grades: pale, 17.9%; medium, 14.8%; and dark, 54.3%; another one with both eyes completely depigmented, 3.8%) and heterochromia patterns (heterochromia iridis - depigmented iris sectors in pigmented irises, 3.2%; heterochromia iridum - one whole eye iris of depigmented phenotype and the other eye with the iris completely pigmented, 5.9%). Pigs were genotyped with the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip and GEMMA was used for the association analyses. The results indicated that SLC45A2 (on chromosome 16, SSC16), EDNRB (SSC11) and KITLG (SSC5) affect the different grades of brown pigmentation of the eyes, the bilateral eye depigmentation defect and the heterochromia iridis defect recorded in this white pig population respectively. These genes are involved in several mechanisms affecting pigmentation. Significant associations for the eye depigmented patterns were also identified for SNPs on two SSC4 regions (including two candidate genes: NOTCH2 and PREX2) and on SSC6, SSC8 and SSC14 (including COL17A1 as candidate gene). This study provided useful information to understand eye pigmentation mechanisms, further valuing the pig as animal model to study complex phenotypes in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Moscatelli
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Bovo
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Schiavo
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Mazzoni
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - F Bertolini
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - S Dall'Olio
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Fontanesi
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Null mutation of the endothelin receptor type B gene causes embryonic death in the GK rat. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217132. [PMID: 31170185 PMCID: PMC6553694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is an inherited disease that is controlled by multiple genes and has a complicated genetic mechanism. HSCR patients suffer from various extents of constipation due to dysplasia of the enteric nervous system (ENS), which can be so severe as to cause complete intestinal obstruction. Many genes have been identified as playing causative roles in ENS dysplasia and HSCR, among them the endothelin receptor type B gene (Ednrb) has been identified to play an important role. Mutation of Ednrb causes a series of symptoms that include deafness, pigmentary abnormalities, and aganglionosis. In our previous studies of three rat models carrying the same spotting lethal (sl) mutation on Ednrb, the haplotype of a region on chromosome (Chr) 2 was found to be responsible for the differing severities of the HSCR-like symptoms. To confirm that the haplotype of the responsible region on Chr 2 modifies the severity of aganglionosis caused by Ednrb mutation and to recreate a rat model with severe symptoms, we selected the GK inbred strain, whose haplotype in the responsible region on Chr 2 resembles that of the rat strain in which severe symptoms accompany the Ednrbsl mutation. An Ednrb mutation was introduced into the GK rat by crossing with F344-Ednrbsl and by genome editing. The null mutation of Ednrb was found to cause embryonic death in F2 progeny possessing the GK haplotype in the responsible region on Chr 2. The results of this study are unexpected, and they provide new clues and animal models that promise to contribute to studies on the genetic regulatory network in the development of ENS and on embryogenesis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bondurand N, Dufour S, Pingault V. News from the endothelin-3/EDNRB signaling pathway: Role during enteric nervous system development and involvement in neural crest-associated disorders. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S156-S169. [PMID: 30171849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The endothelin system is a vertebrate-specific innovation with important roles in regulating the cardiovascular system and renal and pulmonary processes, as well as the development of the vertebrate-specific neural crest cell population and its derivatives. This system is comprised of three structurally similar 21-amino acid peptides that bind and activate two G-protein coupled receptors. In 1994, knockouts of the Edn3 and Ednrb genes revealed their crucial function during development of the enteric nervous system and melanocytes, two neural-crest derivatives. Since then, human and mouse genetics, combined with cellular and developmental studies, have helped to unravel the role of this signaling pathway during development and adulthood. In this review, we will summarize the known functions of the EDN3/EDNRB pathway during neural crest development, with a specific focus on recent scientific advances, and the enteric nervous system in normal and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadege Bondurand
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 06, Créteil 94000, France; Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Veronique Pingault
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bocángel MAP, Melo US, Alves LU, Pardono E, Lourenço NCV, Marcolino HVC, Otto PA, Mingroni-Netto RC. Waardenburg syndrome: Novel mutations in a large Brazilian sample. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 61:348-354. [PMID: 29407415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the molecular investigation of Waardenburg syndrome (WS) in a sample of 49 clinically diagnosed probands (most from southeastern Brazil), 24 of them having the type 1 (WS1) variant (10 familial and 14 isolated cases) and 25 being affected by the type 2 (WS2) variant (five familial and 20 isolated cases). Sequential Sanger sequencing of all coding exons of PAX3, MITF, EDN3, EDNRB, SOX10 and SNAI2 genes, followed by CNV detection by MLPA of PAX3, MITF and SOX10 genes in selected cases revealed many novel pathogenic variants. Molecular screening, performed in all patients, revealed 19 causative variants (19/49 = 38.8%), six of them being large whole-exon deletions detected by MLPA, seven (four missense and three nonsense substitutions) resulting from single nucleotide substitutions (SNV), and six representing small indels. A pair of dizygotic affected female twins presented the c.430delC variant in SOX10, but the mutation, imputed to gonadal mosaicism, was not found in their unaffected parents. At least 10 novel causative mutations, described in this paper, were found in this Brazilian sample. Copy-number-variation detected by MLPA identified the causative mutation in 12.2% of our cases, corresponding to 31.6% of all causative mutations. In the majority of cases, the deletions were sporadic, since they were not present in the parents of isolated cases. Our results, as a whole, reinforce the fact that the screening of copy-number-variants by MLPA is a powerful tool to identify the molecular cause in WS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnolia Astrid Pretell Bocángel
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Uirá Souto Melo
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Leandro Ucela Alves
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Eliete Pardono
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Naila Cristina Vilaça Lourenço
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Humberto Vicente Cezar Marcolino
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Paulo Alberto Otto
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Regina Célia Mingroni-Netto
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morimoto N, Mutai H, Namba K, Kaneko H, Kosaki R, Matsunaga T. Homozygous EDNRB mutation in a patient with Waardenburg syndrome type 1. Auris Nasus Larynx 2017; 45:222-226. [PMID: 28502583 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine and expand the genetic spectrum of Waardenburg syndrome type 1 (WS1). METHODS Clinical features related to Waardenburg syndrome (WS) were examined in a five-year old patient. Mutation analysis of genes related to WS was performed in the proband and her parents. Molecular modeling of EDNRB and the p.R319W mutant was conducted to predict the pathogenicity of the mutation. RESULTS The proband showed sensorineural hearing loss, heterochromia iridis, and dystopia canthorum, fulfilling the clinical criteria of WS1. Genetic analyses revealed that the proband had no mutation in PAX3 which has been known as the cause of WS1, but had a homozygous missense mutation (p.R319W) in endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) gene. The asymptomatic parents had the mutation in a heterozygote state. This mutation has been previously reported in a heterozygous state in a patient with Hirschsprung's disease unaccompanied by WS, but the patient and her parents did not show any symptoms in gastrointestinal tract. Molecular modeling of EDNRB with the p.R319W mutation demonstrated reduction of the positively charged surface area in this region, which might reduce binding ability of EDNRB to G protein and lead to abnormal signal transduction underlying the WS phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that autosomal recessive mutation in EDNRB may underlie a part of WS1 with the current diagnostic criteria, and supported that Hirschsprung's disease is a multifactorial genetic disease which requires additional factors. Further molecular analysis is necessary to elucidate the gene interaction and to reappraise the current WS classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Morimoto
- Division of Otolaryngology, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hideki Mutai
- Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organ, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Kazunori Namba
- Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organ, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- The Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Segataya, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Rika Kosaki
- Division of Medical Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Matsunaga
- Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organ, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan; Medical Genetics Center, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Issa S, Bondurand N, Faubert E, Poisson S, Lecerf L, Nitschke P, Deggouj N, Loundon N, Jonard L, David A, Sznajer Y, Blanchet P, Marlin S, Pingault V. EDNRB mutations cause Waardenburg syndrome type II in the heterozygous state. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:581-593. [PMID: 28236341 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentation anomalies. The clinical definition of four WS types is based on additional features due to defects in structures mostly arising from the neural crest, with type I and type II being the most frequent. While type I is tightly associated to PAX3 mutations, WS type II (WS2) remains partly enigmatic with mutations in known genes (MITF, SOX10) accounting for only 30% of the cases. We performed exome sequencing in a WS2 index case and identified a heterozygous missense variation in EDNRB. Interestingly, homozygous (and very rare heterozygous) EDNRB mutations are already described in type IV WS (i.e., in association with Hirschsprung disease [HD]) and heterozygous mutations in isolated HD. Screening of a WS2 cohort led to the identification of an overall of six heterozygous EDNRB variations. Clinical phenotypes, pedigrees and molecular segregation investigations unraveled a dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance. In parallel, cellular and functional studies showed that each of the mutations impairs the subcellular localization of the receptor or induces a defective downstream signaling pathway. Based on our results, we now estimate EDNRB mutations to be responsible for 5%-6% of WS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Issa
- INSERM U955, IMRB, Equipe 6, Créteil, France.,Université Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,INSERM U1163, Institut IMAGINE, Equipe Embryologie et Génétique des Malformations Humaines, Paris, France
| | - Nadege Bondurand
- INSERM U955, IMRB, Equipe 6, Créteil, France.,Université Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,INSERM U1163, Institut IMAGINE, Equipe Embryologie et Génétique des Malformations Humaines, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Faubert
- AP-HP, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Département de Génétique, Créteil, France
| | - Sylvain Poisson
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Laure Lecerf
- INSERM U955, IMRB, Equipe 6, Créteil, France.,Université Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | | | - Naima Deggouj
- ENT Department and Audio-Phonological Center, Cliniques universitaires St Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Laurence Jonard
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Centre de référence «Surdités génétiques», Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Albert David
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Yves Sznajer
- Centre de génétique humaine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patricia Blanchet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Département de Génétique Médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- INSERM U1163, Institut IMAGINE, Equipe Embryologie et Génétique des Malformations Humaines, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Centre de référence «Surdités génétiques», Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Veronique Pingault
- INSERM U955, IMRB, Equipe 6, Créteil, France.,INSERM U1163, Institut IMAGINE, Equipe Embryologie et Génétique des Malformations Humaines, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Département de Génétique, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang X, Zhu Y, Shen N, Peng J, Wang C, Liu H, Lu Y. A de novo deletion mutation in SOX10 in a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type 4. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41513. [PMID: 28128317 PMCID: PMC5269737 DOI: 10.1038/srep41513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome type 4 (WS4) or Waardenburg-Shah syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with a prevalence of <1/1,000,000 and characterized by the association of congenital sensorineural hearing loss, pigmentary abnormalities, and intestinal aganglionosis. There are three types of WS4 (WS4A–C) caused by mutations in endothelin receptor type B, endothelin 3, and SRY-box 10 (SOX10), respectively. This study investigated a genetic mutation in a Chinese family with one WS4 patient in order to improve genetic counselling. Genomic DNA was extracted, and mutation analysis of the three WS4 related genes was performed using Sanger sequencing. We detected a de novo heterozygous deletion mutation [c.1333delT (p.Ser445Glnfs*57)] in SOX10 in the patient; however, this mutation was absent in the unaffected parents and 40 ethnicity matched healthy controls. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis and three-dimensional modelling of the SOX10 protein confirmed that the c.1333delT heterozygous mutation was pathogenic, indicating that this mutation might constitute a candidate disease-causing mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yaowu Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Haiyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Song J, Feng Y, Acke FR, Coucke P, Vleminckx K, Dhooge IJ. Hearing loss in Waardenburg syndrome: a systematic review. Clin Genet 2015; 89:416-425. [PMID: 26100139 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hearing loss (HL) and pigment disturbances of hair, skin and iris. Classifications exist based on phenotype and genotype. The auditory phenotype is inconsistently reported among the different Waardenburg types and causal genes, urging the need for an up-to-date literature overview on this particular topic. We performed a systematic review in search for articles describing auditory features in WS patients along with the associated genotype. Prevalences of HL were calculated and correlated with the different types and genes of WS. Seventy-three articles were included, describing 417 individual patients. HL was found in 71.0% and was predominantly bilateral and sensorineural. Prevalence of HL among the different clinical types significantly differed (WS1: 52.3%, WS2: 91.6%, WS3: 57.1%, WS4: 83.5%). Mutations in SOX10 (96.5%), MITF (89.6%) and SNAI2 (100%) are more frequently associated with hearing impairment than other mutations. Of interest, the distinct disease-causing genes are able to better predict the auditory phenotype compared with different clinical types of WS. Consequently, it is important to confirm the clinical diagnosis of WS with molecular analysis in order to optimally inform patients about the risk of HL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - F R Acke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University/Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Coucke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ghent University/Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Vleminckx
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ghent University/Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - I J Dhooge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University/Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gupta R, Sharma SB, Mathur P, Agrawal LD. Waardenburg syndrome presenting with constipation since birth. Indian Pediatr 2015; 51:1013-4. [PMID: 25560164 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-014-0549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shah-Waardenburg syndrome is Waardenburg syndrome associated with Hirschsprung's disease. CASE CHARACTERISTICS A 10-day-old full-term male neonate of Waardenburg syndrome presented with constipation since birth along with features of small bowel obstruction. OBSERVATION Exploratory laparotomy revealed distended proximal jejunal and ileal loops along with microcolon; an ileostomy was performed. OUTCOME Postoperatively patient developed sepsis and died. Histopathology confirmed total colonic aganglionosis. MESSAGE Suspect familial Shah-Waardenburg syndrome in a neonate of Waardenburg syndrome presenting with constipation since birth or intestinal obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gupta
- Departments of Pediatric Surgery, NIMS Medical College, and *SMS Medical College; Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Correspondence to: Dr Rahul Gupta, 202 A, A3 block, Kamal Apartment- 2,Banipark, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Familial co-segregation of Coffin–Lowry syndrome inherited from the mother and autosomal dominant Waardenburg type IV syndrome due to deletion of EDNRB inherited from the father. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:562-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
18
|
David VA, Menotti-Raymond M, Wallace AC, Roelke M, Kehler J, Leighty R, Eizirik E, Hannah SS, Nelson G, Schäffer AA, Connelly CJ, O'Brien SJ, Ryugo DK. Endogenous retrovirus insertion in the KIT oncogene determines white and white spotting in domestic cats. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2014; 4:1881-91. [PMID: 25085922 PMCID: PMC4199695 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.013425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Dominant White locus (W) in the domestic cat demonstrates pleiotropic effects exhibiting complete penetrance for absence of coat pigmentation and incomplete penetrance for deafness and iris hypopigmentation. We performed linkage analysis using a pedigree segregating White to identify KIT (Chr. B1) as the feline W locus. Segregation and sequence analysis of the KIT gene in two pedigrees (P1 and P2) revealed the remarkable retrotransposition and evolution of a feline endogenous retrovirus (FERV1) as responsible for two distinct phenotypes of the W locus, Dominant White, and white spotting. A full-length (7125 bp) FERV1 element is associated with white spotting, whereas a FERV1 long terminal repeat (LTR) is associated with all Dominant White individuals. For purposes of statistical analysis, the alternatives of wild-type sequence, FERV1 element, and LTR-only define a triallelic marker. Taking into account pedigree relationships, deafness is genetically linked and associated with this marker; estimated P values for association are in the range of 0.007 to 0.10. The retrotransposition interrupts a DNAase I hypersensitive site in KIT intron 1 that is highly conserved across mammals and was previously demonstrated to regulate temporal and tissue-specific expression of KIT in murine hematopoietic and melanocytic cells. A large-population genetic survey of cats (n = 270), representing 30 cat breeds, supports our findings and demonstrates statistical significance of the FERV1 LTR and full-length element with Dominant White/blue iris (P < 0.0001) and white spotting (P < 0.0001), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor A David
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Marilyn Menotti-Raymond
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Andrea Coots Wallace
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Melody Roelke
- Leidos Biomedical Research Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702 Labooratory Animal Sciences Program (LASP) Bethesda Leidos Biomedical Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2471
| | - James Kehler
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Robert Leighty
- Data Management Services, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Eduardo Eizirik
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90619-900, Brazil Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, Sao Paulo 12945-010, Brazil
| | | | - George Nelson
- BSP-CCR Genetics Core, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Alejandro A Schäffer
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894
| | | | - Stephen J O'Brien
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702 Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David K Ryugo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Hearing Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Cats have among the best hearing of all mammals in that they are extremely sensitive to a broad range of frequencies. The ear is a highly complex structure that is delicately balanced in terms of its biochemistry, types of receptors, ion channels, mechanical properties, and cellular organization. Sensorineural deafness is caused by "flawed" genes that are inherited from one or both parents. Hearing loss can also be acquired as a result of noise trauma from industrialized environment, viral infection, or blunt trauma. To date, it is not practical to intervene and attempt to correct these forms of deafness in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David K Ryugo
- Hearing Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
McKeown SJ, Stamp L, Hao MM, Young HM. Hirschsprung disease: a developmental disorder of the enteric nervous system. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2012; 2:113-29. [PMID: 23799632 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), which is also called congenital megacolon or intestinal aganglionosis, is characterized by an absence of enteric (intrinsic) neurons from variable lengths of the most distal bowel. Because enteric neurons are essential for propulsive intestinal motility, infants with HSCR suffer from severe constipation and have a distended abdomen. Currently the only treatment is surgical removal of the affected bowel. HSCR has an incidence of around 1:5,000 live births, with a 4:1 male:female gender bias. Most enteric neurons arise from neural crest cells that emigrate from the caudal hindbrain and then migrate caudally along the entire gut. The absence of enteric neurons from variable lengths of the bowel in HSCR results from a failure of neural crest-derived cells to colonize the affected gut regions. HSCR is therefore regarded as a neurocristopathy. HSCR is a multigenic disorder and has become a paradigm for understanding complex factorial disorders. The major HSCR susceptibility gene is RET. The penetrance of several mutations in HSCR susceptibility genes is sex-dependent. HSCR can occur as an isolated disorder or as part of syndromes; for example, Type IV Waardenburg syndrome is characterized by deafness and pigmentation defects as well as intestinal aganglionosis. Studies using animal models have shown that HSCR genes regulate multiple processes including survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Research into HSCR and the development of enteric neurons is an excellent example of the cross fertilization of ideas that can occur between human molecular geneticists and researchers using animal models. WIREs Dev Biol 2013, 2:113-129. doi: 10.1002/wdev.57 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja J McKeown
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dang R, Torigoe D, Sasaki N, Agui T. QTL analysis identifies a modifier locus of aganglionosis in the rat model of Hirschsprung disease carrying Ednrb(sl) mutations. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27902. [PMID: 22132166 PMCID: PMC3222640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) exhibits complex genetics with incomplete penetrance and variable severity thought to result as a consequence of multiple gene interactions that modulate the ability of enteric neural crest cells to populate the developing gut. As reported previously, when the same null mutation of the Ednrb gene, Ednrbsl, was introgressed into the F344 strain, almost 60% of F344-Ednrbsl/sl pups did not show any symptoms of aganglionosis, appearing healthy and normally fertile. These findings strongly suggested that the severity of HSCR was affected by strain-specific genetic factor (s). In this study, the genetic basis of such large strain differences in the severity of aganglionosis in the rat model was studied by whole-genome scanning for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using an intercross of (AGH-Ednrbsl×F344-Ednrbsl) F1 with the varying severity of aganglionosis. Genome linkage analysis identified one significant QTL on chromosome 2 for the severity of aganglionosis. Our QTL analyses using rat models of HSCR revealed that multiple genetic factors regulated the severity of aganglionosis. Moreover, a known HSCR susceptibility gene, Gdnf, was found in QTL that suggested a novel non-coding sequence mutation in GDNF that modifies the penetrance and severity of the aganglionosis phenotype in EDNRB-deficient rats. A further identification and analysis of responsible genes located on the identified QTL could lead to the richer understanding of the genetic basis of HSCR development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Dang
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daisuke Torigoe
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Agui
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Genetic background strongly modifies the severity of symptoms of Hirschsprung disease, but not hearing loss in rats carrying Ednrb(sl) mutations. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24086. [PMID: 21915282 PMCID: PMC3168492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is thought to result as a consequence of multiple gene interactions that modulate the ability of enteric neural crest cells to populate the developing gut. However, it remains unknown whether the single complete deletion of important HSCR-associated genes is sufficient to result in HSCR disease. In this study, we found that the null mutation of the Ednrb gene, thought indispensable for enteric neuron development, is insufficient to result in HSCR disease when bred onto a different genetic background in rats carrying Ednrbsl mutations. Moreover, we found that this mutation results in serious congenital sensorineural deafness, and these strains may be used as ideal models of Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4 (WS4). Furthermore, we evaluated how the same changed genetic background modifies three features of WS4 syndrome, aganglionosis, hearing loss, and pigment disorder in these congenic strains. We found that the same genetic background markedly changed the aganglionosis, but resulted in only slight changes to hearing loss and pigment disorder. This provided the important evidence, in support of previous studies, that different lineages of neural crest-derived cells migrating along with various pathways are regulated by different signal molecules. This study will help us to better understand complicated diseases such as HSCR and WS4 syndrome.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jabeen R, Babar ME, Ahmad J, Awan AR. Novel mutations of endothelin-B receptor gene in Pakistani patients with Waardenburg syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:785-8. [PMID: 21547364 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in EDNRB gene have been reported to cause Waardenburg-Shah syndrome (WS4) in humans. We investigated 17 patients with WS4 for identification of mutations in EDNRB gene using PCR and direct sequencing technique. Four genomic mutations were detected in four patients; a G to C transversion in codon 335 (S335C) in exon 5 and a transition of T to C in codon (S361L) in exon 5, a transition of A to G in codon 277 (L277L) in exon 4, a non coding transversion of T to A at -30 nucleotide position of exon 5. None of these mutations were found in controls. One of the patients harbored two novel mutations (S335C, S361L) in exon 5 and one in Intronic region (-30exon5 A>G). All of the mutations were homozygous and novel except the mutation observed in exon 4. In this study, we have identified 3 novel mutations in EDNRB gene associated with WS4 in Pakistani patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheela Jabeen
- Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, CivilLines, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pingault V, Ente D, Dastot-Le Moal F, Goossens M, Marlin S, Bondurand N. Review and update of mutations causing Waardenburg syndrome. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:391-406. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
25
|
Tüysüz B, Collin A, Arapoğlu M, Suyugül N. Clinical variability of Waardenburg-Shah syndrome in patients with proximal 13q deletion syndrome including the endothelin-B receptor locus. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:2290-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
26
|
Viñuela A, Morín M, Villamar M, Morera C, Lavilla MJ, Cavallé L, Moreno-Pelayo MA, Moreno F, del Castillo I. Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in two novel cases of Waardenburg syndrome type IV. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:2296-302. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
27
|
Gad A, Laurino M, Maravilla KR, Matsushita M, Raskind WH. Sensorineural deafness, distinctive facial features, and abnormal cranial bones: a new variant of Waardenburg syndrome? Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:1880-5. [PMID: 18553554 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Waardenburg syndromes (WS) account for approximately 2% of congenital sensorineural deafness. This heterogeneous group of diseases currently can be categorized into four major subtypes (WS types 1-4) on the basis of characteristic clinical features. Multiple genes have been implicated in WS, and mutations in some genes can cause more than one WS subtype. In addition to eye, hair, and skin pigmentary abnormalities, dystopia canthorum and broad nasal bridge are seen in WS type 1. Mutations in the PAX3 gene are responsible for the condition in the majority of these patients. In addition, mutations in PAX3 have been found in WS type 3 that is distinguished by musculoskeletal abnormalities, and in a family with a rare subtype of WS, craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome (CDHS), characterized by dysmorphic facial features, hand abnormalities, and absent or hypoplastic nasal and wrist bones. Here we describe a woman who shares some, but not all features of WS type 3 and CDHS, and who also has abnormal cranial bones. All sinuses were hypoplastic, and the cochlea were small. No sequence alteration in PAX3 was found. These observations broaden the clinical range of WS and suggest there may be genetic heterogeneity even within the CDHS subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alona Gad
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7720, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Morín M, Viñuela A, Rivera T, Villamar M, Moreno-Pelayo MA, Moreno F, del Castillo I. A de novo missense mutation in the gene encoding the SOX10 transcription factor in a Spanish sporadic case of Waardenburg syndrome type IV. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:1032-7. [PMID: 18348274 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matías Morín
- Unidad de Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Garcia RJ, Ittah A, Mirabal S, Figueroa J, Lopez L, Glick AB, Kos L. Endothelin 3 Induces Skin Pigmentation in a Keratin-Driven Inducible Mouse Model. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:131-42. [PMID: 17611578 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin 3 (Edn3) encodes a ligand important to developing neural crest cells and is allelic to the spontaneous mouse mutation occurring at the lethal spotting (ls) locus. Edn3(ls/ls) mutants exhibit a spotted phenotype due to reduced numbers of neural crest-derived melanocyte precursors in the skin. In this study, we show that when Edn3 is driven by the keratin 5 promoter and thereby placed proximal to melanocyte lineage cells, adult mice manifest pigmented skin harboring dermal melanocytes. Using a tetracycline inducible system, we show that the postnatal expression of Edn3 is required to maintain these dermal melanocytes, and that early expression of the Edn3 transgene is important to the onset of the hyperpigmentation phenotype. Crosses into Edn3(ls/ls) mutants demonstrate that the Edn3 transgene expression does not fully compensate for the endogenous expression pattern. Crosses into tyrosine kinase receptor Kit(Wv) mutants indicate that Edn3 can partially compensate for Kit's role in early development. Crosses into A(y) mutant mice considerably darkened their yellow coat color suggesting a previously unreported role for endothelin signaling in pigment switching. These results demonstrate that exogenous Edn3 affects both precursors and differentiated melanocytes, leading to a phenotype with characteristics similar to the human skin condition dermal melanocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman J Garcia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelin-B receptor (EDNRB) signaling pathway is associated for Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). The aim of this study was to investigate the EDNRB gene mutation in patients with HSCR in Taiwan and correlate the genotype and phenotype. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct sequencing, we screened for mutations in the coding regions and intron/exon boundaries of the EDNRB gene in 39 isolated HSCR cases and compared them with those in 400 control chromosomes. RESULTS In 3 cases, heterozygous variations in exon 1 and 2 of the EDNRB gene predicted missense mutations of the first cytosolic (M132I), second transmembrane (I157V), second exoplasmic (M173T), and third transmembrane (V185M) domains of the EDNRB protein. Three of the 4 mutations in our study have not been reported previously. For total 39 unrelated cases, the mutation rates were estimated to be 10% (3 of 30) for short-segment HSCR and 7.7% (3 of 39) for all HSCR cases. CONCLUSIONS We did not detect a significant genotype-phenotype correlation. In conclusion, this study identified 4 mutations within the EDNRB gene associated with HSCR. Because HSCR is a multifactorial and multigene disorder, the higher mutation rate of 10% for short-segment HSCR suggests the important role that the EDNRB gene plays in the pathogenesis of short-segment HSCR in Taiwan.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ghoul A, Serova M, Le Tourneau C, Aïssat N, Hammel P, Raymond E, Faivre S. Role of the endothelins and endothelin receptors in cancer cell signaling and angiogenesis. Target Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-007-0056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Yokoyama S, Takeda K, Shibahara S. Functional Difference of the SOX10 Mutant Proteins Responsible for the Phenotypic Variability in Auditory-Pigmentary Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 140:491-9. [PMID: 16921166 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvj177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an inherited disorder, characterized by auditory-pigmentary abnormalities. SOX10 transcription factor and endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) are responsible for WS type 4 (WS4), which also exhibits megacolon, while microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is responsible for WS2, which is not associated with megacolon. Here, we investigated the functions of SOX10 mutant proteins using the target promoters, EDNRB and MITF. The SOX10 mutations chosen were E189X, Q377X, and 482ins6, which are associated with WS4, and S135T that is associated with Yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome (YDBS), which does not manifest megacolon. These SOX10 mutant proteins showed impaired transactivation activity on the MITF promoter. In contrast, E189X and Q377X proteins, each of which lacks its C-terminal portion, activated the EDNRB promoter, whereas no activation was detected with the SOX10 proteins mutated at the DNA-binding domain, 482ins6 and S135T. However, unlike 482ins6 protein, S135T protein synergistically activated EDNRB promoter with a transcription factor Sp1, indicating that Sp1 could compensate the impaired function of a SOX10 mutant protein. We suggest that the variability in transactivation ability of SOX10 mutant proteins may account for the different phenotypes between WS4 and YDBS and that Sp1 is a potential modifier gene of WS4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Biology and Applied Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tao YX. Inactivating mutations of G protein-coupled receptors and diseases: Structure-function insights and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 111:949-73. [PMID: 16616374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first rhodopsin mutation that causes retinitis pigmentosa in 1990, significant progresses have been made in elucidating the pathophysiology of diseases caused by inactivating mutations of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This review aims to compile the compelling evidence accumulated during the past 15 years demonstrating the etiologies of more than a dozen diseases caused by inactivating GPCR mutations. A generalized classification scheme, based on the life cycle of GPCRs, is proposed. Insights gained through detailed studies of these naturally occurring mutations into the structure-function relationship of these receptors are reviewed. Therapeutic approaches directed against the different classes of mutants are being developed. Since intracellular retention emerges as the most common defect, recent progresses aimed at correcting this defect through membrane permeable pharmacological chaperones are highlighted.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic/etiology
- Dwarfism/etiology
- Humans
- Hypogonadism/etiology
- Mutation
- Obesity/etiology
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
- Receptors, LHRH/genetics
- Receptors, Vasopressin/genetics
- Retinitis Pigmentosa/etiology
- Rhodopsin/genetics
- Structure-Activity Relationship
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, 213 Greene Hall, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yokoyama S, Takeda K, Shibahara S. SOX10, in combination with Sp1, regulates the endothelin receptor type B gene in human melanocyte lineage cells. FEBS J 2006; 273:1805-20. [PMID: 16623715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an auditory-pigmentary disorder that exhibits varying combinations of sensorineural hearing loss and abnormal pigmentation of the hair and skin. WS type 4 (WS4), a subtype of WS, is characterized by the presence of the aganglionic megacolon and is associated with mutations in the gene encoding either endothelin 3, endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB), or Sry-box 10 (SOX10). Here, we provide evidence that SOX10 regulates the expression of EDNRB gene in human melanocyte-lineage cells, as judged by RNA interference and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses. Human melanocytes preferentially express the EDNRB transcripts derived from the conventional EDNRB promoter. SOX10 transactivates the EDNRB promoter through the cis-acting elements, the two CA-rich sequences and the GC box. Moreover, a transcription factor Sp1 enhances the degree of the SOX10-mediated transactivation of the EDNRB promoter through these cis-acting elements. Furthermore, we have shown that the EDNRB promoter is heavily methylated in HeLa human cervical cancer cells, lacking EDNRB expression, but not in melanocytes and HMV-II melanoma cells. The expression of EDNRB became detectable in HeLa cells after treatment with a demethylating reagent, 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which was further enhanced in the transformed cells over-expressing SOX10. We therefore suggest that SOX10, alone or in combination with Sp1, regulates transcription of the EDNRB gene, thereby ensuring appropriate expression level of EDNRB in human melanocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Biology and Applied Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen WC, Chang SS, Sy ED, Tsai MC. A De Novo Novel Mutation of the EDNRB Gene in a Taiwanese Boy with Hirschsprung Disease. J Formos Med Assoc 2006; 105:349-54. [PMID: 16618617 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(09)60128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder characterized by an absence of ganglion cells in the nerve plexuses of the lower digestive tract. Although mutations in eight different genes (EDNRB, EDN3, ECE1, SOX10, RET, GDNF, NTN, SIP1) have been identified in affected individuals, it is now clear that RET and EDNRB are the primary genes implicated in the etiology of HSCR. All eight genes are involved in the early development of the enteric nervous system, and most act through two distinct biochemical pathways mediated by RET and EDNRB. Mutations in RET and EDNRB account for up to 50% and 5% of HSCR cases in the general population, respectively. Interaction between these two signaling pathways could modify RET expression and, therefore, HSCR phenotype. Here, we report the case of a 1-year-old Taiwanese boy who presented with abdominal distension since birth and bilious vomiting after feeding. HSCR (short-segment type) was diagnosed based on X-ray, lower gastrointestinal series and biopsy findings. Mutation analysis revealed a heterozygous T>C missense mutation in exon 1 of the EDNRB gene, that substitutes the highly conserved cysteine-90 residue in the extracellular domain of the G protein-coupled receptor with an arginine residue (C90R). No RET gene mutation was detected in this patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chau Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sangkhathat S, Chiengkriwate P, Kusafuka T, Patrapinyokul S, Fukuzawa M. Novel mutation of Endothelin-B receptor gene in Waardenburg-Hirschsprung disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2005; 21:960-3. [PMID: 16237557 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-005-1553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Homozygous mutations of EDNRB in human have been reported to result in Waardenburg-Hirschsprung disease (WS4), while mutated heterozygotes manifested isolated Hirschsprung disease in lower penetrance. We investigated a case of WS4 together with all members of her nuclear family for the alteration of the EDNRB gene by using PCR-SSCP and direct sequencing technique. The index patient, who was born to a family with no history of Hirschsprung disease, presented total colonic aganglionosis with small bowel extension, sensorineural hearing loss and generalized cutaneous pigmentary defects. Interestingly, both irides were normally black. The study detected a homozygous missense mutation at codon 196 in exon 2 (Ser196Asn), which has not been reported. Both parents and four in six siblings harbored heterozygous mutation without any clinical manifestation. Our findings were consistent with previous observations that full spectrum of WS4 occurred to the mutate homozygotes. Moreover, the non-penetrance of heterozygotes in our pedigree, which differs from other reports, demonstrates the high pleiotropic effect of EDNRB mutations in human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Soufir N, Meziani R, Lacapère JJ, Bertrand G, Fumeron F, Bourillon A, Gérard B, Descamps V, Crickx B, Ollivaud L, Archimbaud A, Lebbe C, Basset-Seguin N, Saiag P, Grandchamp B. Association Between Endothelin Receptor B Nonsynonymous Variants and Melanoma Risk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 97:1297-301. [PMID: 16145050 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dji253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The endothelin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in melanocyte differentiation and migration. In this study, we investigated whether germline mutations of endothelin receptor B (EDNRB), a gene involved in Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), could also predispose for malignant melanoma (MM). The coding region of EDNRB was sequenced in 137 MM patients and in 130 ethnically matched Caucasian control subjects. Six nonsynonymous EDNRB variants were found in 15 patients (11%), but only two were found in four control subjects (3%, odds ratio [OR] = 3.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25 to 12; P = .012). Overall, 14 out of 15 MM patients carried EDNRB mutations reported in HSCR, some of which had previously been shown to lead to loss of function. In multivariable logistic regression analysis including skin type, eye and hair color, number of nevi, and dorsal lentigines (freckles), the association between EDNRB mutations and MM risk remained statistically significant (OR = 19.9, 95% CI = 1.34 to 296.2; P = .03). Our data strongly suggest that EDNRB is involved in predisposition for two different multigenic disorders, HSCR and melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadem Soufir
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Hormonale et Génétique, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Faculté de Médecine, Paris VII, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tachibana M, Kobayashi Y, Matsushima Y. Mouse models for four types of Waardenburg syndrome. PIGMENT CELL RESEARCH 2003; 16:448-54. [PMID: 12950719 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0749.2003.00066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an auditory-pigmentary syndrome caused by a deficiency of melanocytes and other neural crest-derived cells. Depending on a variety of symptoms associated with the auditory-pigmentary symptoms, WS is classified into four types: WS type 1 (WS1), WS2, WS3, and WS4. Six genes contributing to this syndrome--PAX3, SOX10, MITF, SLUG, EDN3 and EDNRB--have been cloned so far, all of them necessary for normal development of melanocytes. Mutant mice with coat color anomalies were helpful in identifying these genes, although the phenotypes of these mice did not necessarily perfectly match those of the four types of WS. Here we describe mice with mutations of murine homologs of WS genes and verify their suitability as models for WS with special interest in the cochlear disorder. The mice include splotch (Sp), microphthalmia (mi), Slugh-/-, WS4, JF1, lethal-spotting (ls), and Dominant megacolon (Dom). The influence of genetic background on the phenotypes of mice mutated in homologs of WS genes is also addressed. Finally, possible interactions among the six WS gene products are discussed.
Collapse
|
39
|
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E Gariepy
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 1150 W Medical Center Dr, A520 MSRBI, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0656, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
D'Orléans-Juste P, Labonté J, Bkaily G, Choufani S, Plante M, Honoré JC. Function of the endothelinB receptor in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. Pharmacol Ther 2002; 95:221-38. [PMID: 12243796 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(02)00235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the two receptors by which the potent vasoactive effects of endothelin (ET)-1 are mediated is the ET(B) receptor (ET(BR)), which is found in several tissues, but, more importantly from a cardiovascular point of view, on the endothelial cell. The endothelial cell also has the unique capability of releasing ET-1, as well as other factors, such as the endothelial-derived relaxing factors and prostacyclin, which counteract the myotropic effects of the peptide. The secretory and contractile responses to ET-1 rely on G-protein-coupled ET(BR)s, as well as ET(A)-G-protein-coupled receptor-like proteins. The mitogenic properties of ET-1 via ET(A) receptors (ET(AR)s) coupled to mitogen-activated protein kinases and tyrosine kinases on the vascular smooth muscle may occur in conjunction with the anti-apoptotic characteristics of the endothelial ET(BR)s. Interestingly, most of the relevant antagonists and agonists for both ET(AR)s and ET(BR)s have been developed by the pharmaceutical industry. This highlights the therapeutical potential of compounds that act on ET receptors. In normal as well as in physiopathological conditions, the ET(BR) plays an important role in the control of vascular tone, and must be taken into account when using ET receptor antagonists for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. For the management of congestive heart failure, renal failure and primary pulmonary hypertension, the most recent literature supports the use of selective ET(AR) antagonists rather than mixed antagonists of ET(AR)s and ET(BR)s. Nonetheless, validation of this view will have to await the first clinical trials comparing the actions of ET(A) to mixed ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P D'Orléans-Juste
- Department of Pharmacology, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Medical School, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Verheij JBGM, Kunze J, Osinga J, van Essen AJ, Hofstra RMW. ABCD syndrome is caused by a homozygous mutation in the EDNRB gene. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 108:223-5. [PMID: 11891690 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABCD syndrome is an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by albinism, black lock, cell migration disorder of the neurocytes of the gut (Hirschsprung disease [HSCR]), and deafness. This phenotype clearly overlaps with the features of the Shah-Waardenburg syndrome, comprising sensorineural deafness; hypopigmentation of skin, hair, and irides; and HSCR. Therefore, we screened DNA of the index patient of the ABCD syndrome family for mutations in the endothelin B receptor (EDNRB) gene, a gene known to be involved in Shah-Waardenburg syndrome. A homozygous nonsense mutation in exon 3 (R201X) of the EDNRB gene was found. We therefore suggest that ABCD syndrome is not a separate entity, but an expression of Shah-Waardenburg syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joke B G M Verheij
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease is the most common congenital malformation of the enteric nervous system. Phenotypic expression is variable because of incomplete penetrance, and the pathogenesis is multifactorial. Although mutations of the RET tyrosine kinase gene remain the most commonly identified cause, there are now eight separate human gene loci identified whose mutations result in this disease. Analysis of these gene products in experimental animal models and cell systems has led to an increasing elucidation of the signaling pathways that are in operation during specific embryonic time stages and that direct the spatial arrangements and differentiation of enteric neuroblasts. Mutation analysis through in vitro cell expression studies has led to detailed descriptions of the affected microdomains of signal pathway receptors and the cellular pathogenesis of abnormal signaling that leads to apoptosis of developing neurons before the completion of enteric nervous system development. The full description of the pathogenesis of this disorder awaits the definition of new genetic loci, multiple gene interactions, and the acknowledgment of random events that may lead to aganglionosis of the distal bowel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William M Belknap
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Affiliation(s)
- C E Gariepy
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9063, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Functional Characterization of Three Mutations of the Endothelin B Receptor Gene in Patients With Hirschsprung’s Disease: Evidence for Selective Loss of Gi Coupling. Mol Med 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03401945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
45
|
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), or congenital intestinal aganglionosis, is a relatively common disorder of neural crest migration. It has a strong genetic basis, although simple Mendelian inheritance is rarely observed. Hirschsprung disease is associated with several other anomalies and syndromes, and animal models for these conditions exist. Mutations in the RET gene are responsible for approximately half of familial cases and a smaller fraction of sporadic cases. Mutations in genes that encode RET ligands (GDNF and NTN); components of another signaling pathway (EDNRB, EDN3, ECE-1); and the transcription factor, SOX10, have been identified in HSCR patients. A subset of these mutations is associated with anomalies of pigmentation and/or hearing loss. For almost every HSCR gene, incomplete penetrance of the HSCR phenotype has been observed, probably due to genetic modifier loci. Thus, HSCR has become a model of a complex polygenic disorder in which the interplay of different genes is currently being elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Parisi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|