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Donnelly J, Kamber RA, Wisnovsky S, Roberts DS, Peltan EL, Bassik MC, Bertozzi CR. A Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies Sortilin as the Receptor Responsible for Galectin-1 Lysosomal Trafficking. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.574113. [PMID: 38260508 PMCID: PMC10802331 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of mammalian glycan-binding proteins that have been implicated as regulators of myriad cellular processes including cell migration, apoptosis, and immune modulation. Several members of this family, such as galectin-1, exhibit both cell-surface and intracellular functions. Interestingly, galectin-1 can be found in the endomembrane system, nucleus, or cytosol, as well as on the cell surface. The mechanisms by which galectin-1 traffics between cellular compartments, including its unconventional secretion and internalization processes, are poorly understood. Here, we determined the pathways by which exogenous galectin-1 enters cells and explored its capacity as a delivery vehicle for protein and siRNA therapeutics. We used a galectin-1-toxin conjugate, modelled on antibody-drug conjugates, as a selection tool in a genome-wide CRISPR screen. We discovered that galectin-1 interacts with the endosome-lysosome trafficking receptor sortilin in a glycan-dependent manner, which regulates galectin-1 trafficking to the lysosome. Further, we show that this pathway can be exploited for delivery of a functional siRNA. This study sheds light on the mechanisms by which galectin-1 is internalized by cells and suggests a new strategy for intracellular drug delivery via galectin-1 conjugation.
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2
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Kiss T, Mir Y, Stefancsik G, Ganbat G, Askarova A, Monostori E, Dulka K, Szebeni GJ, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Csiszár A, Legradi A. Galectin-1 as a marker for microglia activation in the aging brain. Brain Res 2023; 1818:148517. [PMID: 37557976 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Microglia cells, the immune cells residing in the brain, express immune regulatory molecules that have a central role in the manifestation of age-related brain characteristics. Our hypothesis suggests that galectin-1, an anti-inflammatory member of the beta-galactoside-binding lectin family, regulates microglia and neuroinflammation in the aging brain. Through our in-silico analysis, we discovered a subcluster of microglia in the aged mouse brain that exhibited increased expression of galectin-1 mRNA. In our Western blotting experiments, we observed a decrease in galectin-1 protein content in our rat primary cortical cultures over time. Additionally, we found that the presence of lipopolysaccharide, an immune activator, significantly increased the expression of galectin-1 protein in microglial cells. Utilizing flow cytometry, we determined that a portion of the galectin-1 protein was localized on the surface of the microglial cells. As cultivation time increased, we observed a decrease in the expression of activation-coupled molecules in microglial cells, indicating cellular exhaustion. In our mixed rat primary cortical cell cultures, we noted a transition of amoeboid microglial cells labeled with OX42(CD11b/c) to a ramified, branched phenotype during extended cultivation, accompanied by a complete disappearance of galectin-1 expression. By analyzing the transcriptome of a distinct microglial subpopulation in an animal model of aging, we established a correlation between chronological aging and galectin-1 expression. Furthermore, our in vitro study demonstrated that galectin-1 expression is associated with the functional activation state of microglial cells exhibiting specific amoeboid morphological characteristics. Based on our findings, we identify galectin-1 as a marker for microglia activation in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kiss
- Pediatric Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Yaqub Mir
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Computational Sciences, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Stefancsik
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gantulga Ganbat
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Aruzhan Askarova
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eva Monostori
- Lymphocyte Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Karolina Dulka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gabor J Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, ELKH, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Departments of Public Health and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, ELKH, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Anna Csiszár
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Departments of Public Health and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Adam Legradi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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3
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Li X, Shi W, Wei G, Lv J, Wang D, Xing B, Zhou J, Zhao J, Sun H. Galectin-1 promotes angiogenesis and chondrogenesis during antler regeneration. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:40. [PMID: 37189051 PMCID: PMC10184426 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deer antlers are the only known mammalian structure that undergoes full regeneration. In addition, it is peculiar because when growing, it contains vascularized cartilage. The differentiation of antler stem cells (ASCs) into chondrocytes while inducing endochondral extension of blood vessels is necessary to form antler vascularized cartilage. Therefore, antlers provide an unparalleled opportunity to investigate chondrogenesis, angiogenesis, and regenerative medicine. A study found that Galectin-1 (GAL-1), which can be used as a marker in some tumors, is highly expressed in ASCs. This intrigued us to investigate what role GAL-1 could play in antler regeneration. METHODS We measured the expression level of GAL-1 in antler tissues and cells by immunohistochemistry, WB and QPCR. We constructed antlerogenic periosteal cells (APCs, one cell type of ASCs) with the GAL-1 gene knocked out (APCGAL-1-/-) using CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing system. The effect of GAL-1 on angiogenesis was determined by stimulating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using APCGAL-1-/- conditioned medium or adding exogenous deer GAL-1 protein. The effect of APCGAL-1-/- on chondrogenic differentiation was evaluated compared with the APCs under micro-mass culture. The gene expression pattern of APCGAL-1-/- was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that GAL-1 was widely expressed in the antlerogenic periosteum (AP), pedicle periosteum (PP) and antler growth center. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis using deer cell lines further supports this result. The proliferation, migration, and tube formation assays of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed that the proangiogenic activity of APCGAL-1-/- medium was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the APCs medium. The proangiogenic activity of deer GAL-1 protein was further confirmed by adding exogenous deer GAL-1 protein (P < 0.05). The chondrogenic differentiation ability of APCGAL-1-/- was impeded under micro-mass culture. The terms of GO and KEGG enrichment of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of APCGAL-1-/- showed that down-regulated expression of pathways associated with deer antler angiogenesis, osteogenesis and stem cell pluripotency, such as the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells and TGF-β signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Deer GAL-1, has strong angiogenic activity, is widely and highly expressed in deer antler. The APCs can induce angiogenesis by secreting GAL-1. The knockout of GAL-1 gene of APCs damaged its ability to induce angiogenesis and differentiate into chondrocytes. This ability is crucial to the formation of deer antler vascularized cartilage. Moreover, Deer antlers offer a unique model to explore explore how angiogenesis at high levels of GAL-1 expression can be elegantly regulated without becoming cancerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunsheng Li
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Wanwan Shi
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Guanning Wei
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Jinpeng Lv
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Datao Wang
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Baorui Xing
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Jue Zhou
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China.
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4
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Chowdhury RR, Valainis JR, Dubey M, von Boehmer L, Sola E, Wilhelmy J, Guo J, Kask O, Ohanyan M, Sun M, Huang H, Huang X, Nguyen PK, Scriba TJ, Davis MM, Bendall SC, Chien YH. NK-like CD8 + γδ T cells are expanded in persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eade3525. [PMID: 37000856 PMCID: PMC10408713 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The response of gamma delta (γδ) T cells in the acute versus chronic phases of the same infection is unclear. How γδ T cells function in acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is well characterized, but their response during persistent Mtb infection is not well understood, even though most infections with Mtb manifest as a chronic, clinically asymptomatic state. Here, we analyze peripheral blood γδ T cells from a South African adolescent cohort and show that a unique CD8+ γδ T cell subset with features of "memory inflation" expands in chronic Mtb infection. These cells are hyporesponsive to T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling but, like NK cells, can mount robust CD16-mediated cytotoxic responses. These CD8+ γδ T cells comprise a highly focused TCR repertoire, with clonotypes that are Mycobacterium specific but not phosphoantigen reactive. Using multiparametric single-cell pseudo-time trajectory analysis, we identified the differentiation paths that these CD8+ γδ T cells follow to develop into effectors in this infection state. Last, we found that circulating CD8+ γδ T cells also expand in other chronic inflammatory conditions, including cardiovascular disease and cancer, suggesting that persistent antigenic exposure may drive similar γδ T cell effector programs and differentiation fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Megha Dubey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lotta von Boehmer
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elsa Sola
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julie Wilhelmy
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Kask
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mane Ohanyan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huang Huang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xianxi Huang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Patricia K. Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean C. Bendall
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yueh-hsiu Chien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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5
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Lin CY, Lin YH, Lin YC, Hsu CM, Wu YL, Huang RN. Enhancing the insecticidal potential of a baculovirus by overexpressing the mammalian β-galactosyl binding protein galectin-1. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:701-710. [PMID: 36250989 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bio-pesticide development is an important area of research in agriculture, in which viruses are an essential tool. Infection by entomological pathogenic viruses kills agricultural pests, and viral progenies are disseminated to infect more pests, eventually achieving long-term pest control in the field. Of the current virus-based pest control models, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is the most studied. AcMNPV belongs to the Baculoviridae family and can infect many lepidopterans. Although AcMNPV has been previously demonstrated to be a potential pest-control tool, its long virus infection cycle has made field applications challenging. To overcome this, we generated a recombinant baculovirus that can express mammalian galectin-1, which is a galactoside-binding protein that binds to the peritrophic matrix in the midgut of lepidopteran pests and induces perforation of the membrane. RESULTS Hosts infected with a recombinant virus that expressed mammalian galectin-1 exhibited reduced appetite and died sooner in both laboratory and small-scale field studies, suggesting that the overexpression of galectin-1 can more efficiently eliminate pest hosts. In addition to disrupting the integrity of the peritrophic matrix, the immune system of hosts infected with recombinant baculovirus carrying the galectin-1 gene was suppressed, making hosts more vulnerable to secondary infection. CONCLUSION Galectin-1 has been shown to affect immune responses in mammals, including humans, but to our knowledge, the effect of galectin-1 on insect immune systems had not been previously reported. Our results demonstrated that the pest-control potential of baculoviruses can be improved by using a recombinant baculovirus that overexpresses mammalian galectin-1 in hosts. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yang Lin
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Lin
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Min Hsu
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Lung Wu
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Huang
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Jino Blessy J, Siva Shanmugam NR, Veluraja K, Michael Gromiha M. Investigations on the binding specificity of β-galactoside analogues with human galectin-1 using molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10094-10105. [PMID: 34219624 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1939788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is the first member of galectin family, which has a carbohydrate recognition domain, specifically binds towards β-galactoside containing oligosaccharides. Owing its association with carbohydrates, Gal-1 is involved in many biological processes such as cell signaling, adhesion and pathological pathways such as metastasis, apoptosis and increased tumour cell survival. The development of β-galactoside based inhibitors would help to control the Gal-1 expression. In the current study, we carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the structural and dynamic behaviour Gal-1-thiodigalactoside (TDG), Gal-1-lactobionic acid (LBA) and Gal-1-beta-(1→6)-galactobiose (G16G) complexes. The analysis of glycosidic torsional angles revealed that β-galactoside analogues TDG and LBA have a single binding mode (BM1) whereas G16G has two binding modes (BM1 and BM2) for interacting with Gal-1 protein. We have computed the binding free energies for the complexes Gal-1-TDG, Gal-1-LBA and Gal-1-G16G using MM/PBSA and are -6.45, -6.22 and -3.08 kcal/mol, respectively. This trend agrees well with experiments that the binding of Gal-1 with TDG is stronger than LBA. Further analysis revealed that the interactions due to direct and water-mediated hydrogen bonds play a significant role to the structural stability of the complexes. The result obtained from this study is useful to formulate a set of rules and derive pharmacophore-based features for designing inhibitors against galectin-1.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jino Blessy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - N R Siva Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - K Veluraja
- PSN college of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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7
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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8
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Xu C, Yang J, Kosters A, Babcock BR, Qiu P, Ghosn EE. Comprehensive multi-omics single-cell data integration reveals greater heterogeneity in the human immune system. iScience 2022; 25:105123. [PMID: 36185375 PMCID: PMC9523353 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics enables the definition of diverse human immune cell types across multiple tissues and disease contexts. Further deeper biological understanding requires comprehensive integration of multiple single-cell omics (transcriptomic, proteomic, and cell-receptor repertoire). To improve the identification of diverse cell types and the accuracy of cell-type classification in multi-omics single-cell datasets, we developed SuPERR, a novel analysis workflow to increase the resolution and accuracy of clustering and allow for the discovery of previously hidden cell subsets. In addition, SuPERR accurately removes cell doublets and prevents widespread cell-type misclassification by incorporating information from cell-surface proteins and immunoglobulin transcript counts. This approach uniquely improves the identification of heterogeneous cell types and states in the human immune system, including rare subsets of antibody-secreting cells in the bone marrow. SuPERR removes heterotypic doublets and cell-type misclassifications in scRNA-seq Sequential gating on cell-surface proteins resolves major cell lineages in scRNA-seq Defining major cell lineages before clustering reduces cell-type misclassifications Antibody counts from single-cell V(D)J matrix accurately identify plasma cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Congmin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Junkai Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Astrid Kosters
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Babcock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Eliver E.B. Ghosn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Corresponding author
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9
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Imbery JF, Heinzelbecker J, Jebsen JK, McGowan M, Myklebust C, Bottini N, Stanford SM, Skånland SS, Tveita A, Tjønnfjord GE, Munthe LA, Szodoray P, Nakken B. T‐helper cell regulation of
CD45
phosphatase activity by galectin‐1 and
CD43
governs chronic lymphocytic leukaemia proliferation. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:556-573. [PMID: 35655388 PMCID: PMC9329260 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterised by malignant mature‐like B cells. Supportive to CLL cell survival is chronic B‐cell receptor (BCR) signalling; however, emerging evidence demonstrates CLL cells proliferate in response to T‐helper (Th) cells in a CD40L‐dependent manner. We showed provision of Th stimulation via CD40L upregulated CD45 phosphatase activity and BCR signalling in non‐malignant B cells. Consequently, we hypothesised Th cell upregulation of CLL cell CD45 activity may be an important regulator of CLL BCR signalling and proliferation. Using patient‐derived CLL cells in a culture system with activated autologous Th cells, results revealed increases in both Th and CLL cell CD45 activity, which correlated with enhanced downstream antigen receptor signalling and proliferation. Concomitantly increased was the surface expression of Galectin‐1, a CD45 ligand, and CD43, a CLL immunophenotypic marker. Galectin‐1/CD43 double expression defined a proliferative CLL cell population with enhanced CD45 activity. Targeting either Galectin‐1 or CD43 using silencing, pharmacology, or monoclonal antibody strategies dampened CD45 activity and CLL cell proliferation. These results highlight a mechanism where activated Th cells drive CLL cell BCR signalling and proliferation via Galectin‐1 and CD43‐mediated regulation of CD45 activity, identifying modulation of CD45 phosphatase activity as a potential therapeutic target in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Imbery
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignances, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Julia Heinzelbecker
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignances, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Jenny K. Jebsen
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignances, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Marc McGowan
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignances, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Camilla Myklebust
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignances, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Stephanie M. Stanford
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Sigrid S. Skånland
- Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignances, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Anders Tveita
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignances, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Geir E. Tjønnfjord
- Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignances, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Haematology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Ludvig A. Munthe
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignances, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Peter Szodoray
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignances, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Britt Nakken
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignances, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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10
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Lagumdzic E, Pernold C, Viano M, Olgiati S, Schmitt MW, Mair KH, Saalmüller A. Transcriptome Profiling of Porcine Naïve, Intermediate and Terminally Differentiated CD8 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849922. [PMID: 35265090 PMCID: PMC8900158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pig has the potential to become a leading research model for human diseases, pharmacological and transplantation studies. Since there are many similarities between humans and pigs, especially concerning anatomy, physiology and metabolism, there is necessity for a better understanding of the porcine immune system. In adaptive immunity, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are essential for host defense. However, most data on CTLs come from studies in mice, non-human primates and humans, while detailed information about porcine CD8+ CTLs is still sparse. Aim of this study was to analyze transcriptomes of three subsets of porcine CD8β+ T-cell subsets by using next-generation sequencing technology. Specifically, we described transcriptional profiles of subsets defined by their CD11a/CD27 expression pattern, postulated as naïve (CD8β+CD27+CD11alow), intermediate differentiated (CD8β+CD27dimCD11a+), and terminally differentiated cells (CD8β+CD27-CD11ahigh). Cells were analyzed in ex vivo condition as well as upon in vitro stimulation with concanavalin A (ConA) and PMA/ionomycin. Our analyses show that the highest number of differentially expressed genes was identified between naïve and terminally differentiated CD8+ T-cell subsets, underlining their difference in gene expression signature and respective differentiation stages. Moreover, genes related to early (IL7-R, CCR7, SELL, TCF7, LEF1, BACH2, SATB1, ZEB1 and BCL2) and late (KLRG1, TBX21, PRDM1, CX3CR1, ZEB2, ZNF683, BATF, EZH2 and ID2) stages of CD8+ T-cell differentiation were highly expressed in the naïve and terminally differentiated CD8+ T-cell subsets, respectively. Intermediate differentiated CD8+ T-cell subsets shared a more comparable gene expression profile associated with later stages of T-cell differentiation. Genes associated with cytolytic activity (GNLY, PRF1, GZMB, FASL, IFNG and TNF) were highly expressed in terminally and intermediate differentiated CD8+ T-cell subsets, while naïve CD8+ T cells lacked expression even after in vitro stimulation. Overall, PMA/ionomycin stimulation induced much stronger upregulation of genes compared to stimulation with ConA. Taken together, we provided comprehensive results showing transcriptional profiles of three differentiation stages of porcine CD8+ T-cell subsets. In addition, our study provides a powerful toolbox for the identification of candidate markers to characterize porcine immune cell subsets in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Lagumdzic
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clara Pernold
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marta Viano
- Istituto di Ricerche Biomediche "A. Marxer" RBM S.p.A., Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Olgiati
- Istituto di Ricerche Biomediche "A. Marxer" RBM S.p.A., Torino, Italy
| | - Michael W Schmitt
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Chemical & Preclinical Safety, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kerstin H Mair
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Characterizing cell interactions at scale with made-to-order droplet ensembles (MODEs). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2110867119. [PMID: 35074872 PMCID: PMC8812558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110867119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of specific cell–cell interactions at scale would be a significant advancement in single-cell biology with clear utility in immuno-oncology. Our development of Droplet Assembly provides a tool for such studies by extending the benefits of single-cell droplet microfluidics to high-order cell analyses. This technology allows for the construction, sorting, and downstream processing of cell–cell interactions and is compatible with single-cell genomic readouts. Cell–cell interactions are important to numerous biological systems, including tissue microenvironments, the immune system, and cancer. However, current methods for studying cell combinations and interactions are limited in scalability, allowing just hundreds to thousands of multicell assays per experiment; this limited throughput makes it difficult to characterize interactions at biologically relevant scales. Here, we describe a paradigm in cell interaction profiling that allows accurate grouping of cells and characterization of their interactions for tens to hundreds of thousands of combinations. Our approach leverages high-throughput droplet microfluidics to construct multicellular combinations in a deterministic process that allows inclusion of programmed reagent mixtures and beads. The combination droplets are compatible with common manipulation and measurement techniques, including imaging, barcode-based genomics, and sorting. We demonstrate the approach by using it to enrich for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells that activate upon incubation with target cells, a bottleneck in the therapeutic T cell engineering pipeline. The speed and control of our approach should enable valuable cell interaction studies.
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12
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Shaikh A, Olkhanud PB, Gangaplara A, Kone A, Patel S, Gucek M, Fitzhugh CD. Thrombospondin-1, Platelet Factor 4, and Galectin-1 are Associated with Engraftment in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease Who Underwent Haploidentical HSCT. Transplant Cell Ther 2022; 28:249.e1-249.e13. [PMID: 35131485 PMCID: PMC9176382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited red blood cell disorder that leads to significant morbidity and early mortality. The most widely available curative approach remains allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). HLA-haploidentical (haplo) HSCT expands the donor pool considerably and is a practical alternative for these patients, but traditionally with an increased risk of allograft rejection. Biomarkers in patient plasma could potentially help predict HSCT outcome and allow treatment at an early stage to reverse or prevent graft rejection. Reliable, noninvasive methods to predict engraftment or rejection early after HSCT are needed. We sought to detect variations in the plasma proteomes of patients who engrafted compared with those who rejected their grafts. We used a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to identify candidate biomarkers associated with engraftment and rejection by comparing plasma samples obtained from 9 engrafted patients and 10 patients who experienced graft rejection. A total of 1378 proteins were identified, 45 of which were differentially expressed in the engrafted group compared with the rejected group. Based on bioinformatics analysis results, information from the literature, and immunoassay availability, 7 proteins-thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), platelet factor 4 (Pf-4), talin-1, moesin, cell division control protein 42 homolog (CDC42), galectin-1 (Gal-1), and CD9-were selected for further analysis. We compared these protein concentrations among 35 plasma samples (engrafted, n = 9; rejected, n = 10; healthy volunteers, n = 8; nontransplanted SCD, n = 8). ELISA analysis confirmed the significant up-regulation of Tsp-1, Pf-4, and Gal-1 in plasma samples from engrafted patients compared with rejected patients, healthy African American volunteers, and the nontransplanted SCD group (P < .01). By receiver operating characteristic analysis, these 3 proteins distinguished engrafted patients from the other groups (area under the curve, >0.8; P < .05). We then evaluated the concentration of these 3 proteins in samples collected pre-HSCT and at days +30, +60, +100, and +180 post-HSCT. The results demonstrate that Tsp-1 and Pf-4 stratified engrafted patients as early as day 60 post-HSCT (P < .01), and that Gal-1 was significantly higher in engrafted patients as early as day 30 post-HSCT (P < .01). We also divided the rejected group into those who experienced primary (n = 5) and secondary graft rejection (n = 5) and found that engrafted patients had significantly higher Tsp-1 levels compared with patients who developed primary graft rejection at days +60 and +100 (P < .05), as well as higher Pf-4 levels compared with patients who developed primary graft rejection at post-transplantation (PT) day 100. Furthermore, Tsp-1 levels were significantly higher at PT days 60 and 100 and Pf-4 levels were higher at PT day 100 in engrafted patients compared with those who experienced secondary graft rejection. Increased concentrations of plasma Gal-1, Tsp-1, and Pf-4 could reflect increased T regulatory cells, IL-10, and TGF-β, which are essential players in the initiation of immunologic tolerance. These biomarkers may provide opportunities for preemptive intervention to minimize the incidence of graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shaikh
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Purevdorj B Olkhanud
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abdoul Kone
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sajni Patel
- Proteomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marjan Gucek
- Proteomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Courtney D Fitzhugh
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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13
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Huijbers EJM, Khan KA, Kerbel RS, Griffioen AW. Tumors resurrect an embryonic vascular program to escape immunity. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm6388. [PMID: 35030032 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm6388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J M Huijbers
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kabir A Khan
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Mallucci L, Wells V. Intrinsic S phase checkpoint enforced by an antiproliferative oncosuppressor cytokine. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:897-900. [PMID: 34737438 PMCID: PMC9293749 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cell cycle is strictly programmed with control mechanisms that dictate order in cell cycle progression to ensure faithful DNA replication, whose deviance may lead to cancer. Checkpoint control at the G1/S, S/G2 and G2/M portals have been defined but no statutory time-programmed control for securing orderly transition through S phase has so far been identified. Here we report that in normal cells DNA synthesis is controlled by a checkpoint sited within the early part of S phase, enforced by the βGBP cytokine an antiproliferative molecule otherwise known for its oncosuppressor properties that normal cells constitutively produce for self-regulation. Suppression of active Ras and active MAPK, block of cyclin A gene expression and suppression of CDK2-cyclin A activity are events which while specific to the control of a cell cycle phase in normal cells are part of the apoptotic network in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Mallucci
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
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15
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Kremsreiter SM, Kroell ASH, Weinberger K, Boehm H. Glycan-Lectin Interactions in Cancer and Viral Infections and How to Disrupt Them. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10577. [PMID: 34638920 PMCID: PMC8508825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions play an essential role in different cellular processes. One of their main functions is involvement in the immune response to pathogens or inflammation. However, cancer cells and viruses have adapted to avail themselves of these interactions. By displaying specific glycosylation structures, they are able to bind to lectins, thus promoting pathogenesis. While glycan-lectin interactions promote tumor progression, metastasis, and/or chemoresistance in cancer, in viral infections they are important for viral entry, release, and/or immune escape. For several years now, a growing number of investigations have been devoted to clarifying the role of glycan-lectin interactions in cancer and viral infections. Various overviews have already summarized and highlighted their findings. In this review, we consider the interactions of the lectins MGL, DC-SIGN, selectins, and galectins in both cancer and viral infections together. A possible transfer of ways to target and disrupt them might lead to new therapeutic approaches in different pathological backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Maria Kremsreiter
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Ann-Sophie Helene Kroell
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Katharina Weinberger
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Heike Boehm
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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He YS, Hu YQ, Xiang K, Chen Y, Feng YT, Yin KJ, Huang JX, Wang J, Wu ZD, Wang GH, Pan HF. Therapeutic potential of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in autoimmune diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:36-45. [PMID: 34579628 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210927164935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a highly conserved protein family that binds to β-galactosides. Different members of this family play a variety of biological functions in physiological and pathological processes such as angiogenesis, regulation of immune cell activity, and cell adhesion. Galectins are widely distributed and play a vital role both inside and outside cells. It can regulate homeostasis and immune function in vivo through mechanisms such as apoptosis. Recent studies indicate that galectins exhibit pleiotropic roles in inflammation. Furthermore, emerging studies have found that galectins are involved in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes (T1D) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) by regulating cell adhesion, apoptosis, and other mechanisms. This review will briefly discuss the biological characteristics of the two most widely expressed and extensively explored members of the galectin family, galectin-1 and galectin-3, as well as their pathogenetic and therapeutic roles in autoimmune diseases. These information may provide a novel and promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Yu-Qian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Ya-Ting Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Kang-Jia Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Ji-Xiang Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Zheng-Dong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Gui-Hong Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
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17
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Huinen ZR, Huijbers EJM, van Beijnum JR, Nowak-Sliwinska P, Griffioen AW. Anti-angiogenic agents - overcoming tumour endothelial cell anergy and improving immunotherapy outcomes. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:527-540. [PMID: 33833434 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized medical oncology, although currently only a subset of patients has a response to such treatment. A compelling body of evidence indicates that anti-angiogenic therapy has the capacity to ameliorate antitumour immunity owing to the inhibition of various immunosuppressive features of angiogenesis. Hence, combinations of anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapy are currently being tested in >90 clinical trials and 5 such combinations have been approved by the FDA in the past few years. In this Perspective, we describe how the angiogenesis-induced endothelial immune cell barrier hampers antitumour immunity and the role of endothelial cell anergy as the vascular counterpart of immune checkpoints. We review the antitumour immunity-promoting effects of anti-angiogenic agents and provide an update on the current clinical successes achieved when these agents are combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, we propose that anti-angiogenic agents are immunotherapies - and vice versa - and discuss future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zowi R Huinen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth J M Huijbers
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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18
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Herrera-Uribe J, Wiarda JE, Sivasankaran SK, Daharsh L, Liu H, Byrne KA, Smith TPL, Lunney JK, Loving CL, Tuggle CK. Reference Transcriptomes of Porcine Peripheral Immune Cells Created Through Bulk and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Front Genet 2021; 12:689406. [PMID: 34249103 PMCID: PMC8261551 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.689406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are a valuable human biomedical model and an important protein source supporting global food security. The transcriptomes of peripheral blood immune cells in pigs were defined at the bulk cell-type and single cell levels. First, eight cell types were isolated in bulk from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by cell sorting, representing Myeloid, NK cells and specific populations of T and B-cells. Transcriptomes for each bulk population of cells were generated by RNA-seq with 10,974 expressed genes detected. Pairwise comparisons between cell types revealed specific expression, while enrichment analysis identified 1,885 to 3,591 significantly enriched genes across all 8 cell types. Gene Ontology analysis for the top 25% of significantly enriched genes (SEG) showed high enrichment of biological processes related to the nature of each cell type. Comparison of gene expression indicated highly significant correlations between pig cells and corresponding human PBMC bulk RNA-seq data available in Haemopedia. Second, higher resolution of distinct cell populations was obtained by single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of PBMC. Seven PBMC samples were partitioned and sequenced that produced 28,810 single cell transcriptomes distributed across 36 clusters and classified into 13 general cell types including plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC), conventional DCs, monocytes, B-cell, conventional CD4 and CD8 αβ T-cells, NK cells, and γδ T-cells. Signature gene sets from the human Haemopedia data were assessed for relative enrichment in genes expressed in pig cells and integration of pig scRNA-seq with a public human scRNA-seq dataset provided further validation for similarity between human and pig data. The sorted porcine bulk RNAseq dataset informed classification of scRNA-seq PBMC populations; specifically, an integration of the datasets showed that the pig bulk RNAseq data helped define the CD4CD8 double-positive T-cell populations in the scRNA-seq data. Overall, the data provides deep and well-validated transcriptomic data from sorted PBMC populations and the first single-cell transcriptomic data for porcine PBMCs. This resource will be invaluable for annotation of pig genes controlling immunogenetic traits as part of the porcine Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes (FAANG) project, as well as further study of, and development of new reagents for, porcine immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juber Herrera-Uribe
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jayne E. Wiarda
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
- Immunobiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Sathesh K. Sivasankaran
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
- Genome Informatics Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lance Daharsh
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kristen A. Byrne
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Joan K. Lunney
- USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Crystal L. Loving
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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19
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Bayati F, Mohammadi M, Valadi M, Jamshidi S, Foma AM, Sharif-Paghaleh E. The Therapeutic Potential of Regulatory T Cells: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Immunol 2021; 11:585819. [PMID: 33519807 PMCID: PMC7844143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an immunosuppressive subgroup of CD4+ T cells which are identified by the expression of forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3). The modulation capacity of these immune cells holds an important role in both transplantation and the development of autoimmune diseases. These cells are the main mediators of self-tolerance and are essential for avoiding excessive immune reactions. Tregs play a key role in the induction of peripheral tolerance that can prevent autoimmunity, by protecting self-reactive lymphocytes from the immune reaction. In contrast to autoimmune responses, tumor cells exploit Tregs in order to prevent immune cell recognition and anti-tumor immune response during the carcinogenesis process. Recently, numerous studies have focused on unraveling the biological functions and principles of Tregs and their primary suppressive mechanisms. Due to the promising and outstanding results, Tregs have been widely investigated as an alternative tool in preventing graft rejection and treating autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, targeting Tregs for the purpose of improving cancer immunotherapy is being intensively evaluated as a desirable and effective method. The purpose of this review is to point out the characteristic function and therapeutic potential of Tregs in regulatory immune mechanisms in transplantation tolerance, autoimmune diseases, cancer therapy, and also to discuss that how the manipulation of these mechanisms may increase the therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bayati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research & Development Department, Aryogen Pharmed, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohammadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Valadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Jamshidi
- Research & Development Department, Aryogen Pharmed, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arron Munggela Foma
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Galectins in the Tumor Microenvironment: Focus on Galectin-1. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1259:17-38. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43093-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Ozaki Tan SJ, Floriano JF, Nicastro L, Emanueli C, Catapano F. Novel Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes for Myocardial Infarction Therapeutics. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E707. [PMID: 32370160 PMCID: PMC7277090 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, representing approximately a third of all deaths every year. The greater part of these cases is represented by myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack as it is better known, which occurs when declining blood flow to the heart causes injury to cardiac tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that represent a promising vector for cell therapies that aim to treat MI due to their potent regenerative effects. However, it remains unclear the extent to which MSC-based therapies are able to induce regeneration in the heart and even less clear the degree to which clinical outcomes could be improved. Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) known to have implications in intracellular communication, derived from MSCs (MSC-Exos), have recently emerged as a novel cell-free vector that is capable of conferring cardio-protection and regeneration in target cardiac cells. In this review, we assess the current state of research of MSC-Exos in the context of MI. In particular, we place emphasis on the mechanisms of action by which MSC-Exos accomplish their therapeutic effects, along with commentary on the current difficulties faced with exosome research and the ongoing clinical applications of stem-cell derived exosomes in different medical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Joseph Ozaki Tan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
| | - Juliana Ferreria Floriano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil
| | - Laura Nicastro
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
| | - Francesco Catapano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
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Zhu D, Huang R, Chu P, Chen L, Li Y, He L, Li Y, Liao L, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Characterization and expression of galectin-3 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:103567. [PMID: 31830501 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are members of evolutionary conserved lectin family and play important roles in the innate and adaptive immunity of both vertebrates and invertebrates. Galectin-3 is the only chimera galectin with one C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) connected to the N-terminal end. Here, a galectin-3 (named CiGal3) from grass carp was identified and characterized, which encodes polypeptides 362 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 36.45 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point of 4.91. The sugar binding motifs involved in carbohydrate binding activity (H-N-R, V-N and W--E-R) were detected in CRD. In comparison to other species, CiGal3 showed the highest similarity and identity to Cyprinus carpio (95.3% sequence similarity and 92.5% sequence identity). The subcellular localization of CiGal3 was distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of transfected cells. The CiGal3 transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in all checked tissues and highly expressed in immune tissues. In addition, the expression of CiGal3 in liver and spleen was induced post grass carp reovirus (GCRV), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) challenge. These results suggest that CiGal3 plays a vital role in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Pengfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liangming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Libo He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lanjie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Sourcing the immune system to induce immunogenic cell death in Kras-colorectal cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:768-775. [PMID: 31558803 PMCID: PMC6889411 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current approaches aimed at inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) to incite an immune response against cancer neoantigens are based on the use of chemotherapeutics and other agents. Results are hampered by issues of efficacy, combinatorial approaches, dosing and toxicity. Here, we adopted a strategy based on the use of an immunomolecule that overcomes pharmachemical limitations. Methods Cytofluorometry, electron microscopy, RT-PCR, western blotting, apotome immunofluorescence, MLR and xenografts. Results We report that an ICD process can be activated without the use of pharmacological compounds. We show that in Kras-mut/TP53-mut colorectal cancer cells the 15 kDa βGBP cytokine, a T cell effector with onco-suppressor properties and a potential role in cancer immunosurveillance, induces key canonical events required for ICD induction. We document ER stress, autophagy that extends from cancer cells to the corresponding xenograft tumours, CRT cell surface shifting, ATP release and evidence of dendritic cell activation, a process required for priming cytotoxic T cells into a specific anticancer immunogenic response. Conclusions Our findings provide experimental evidence for a rationale to explore a strategy based on the use of an immunomolecule that as a single agent couples oncosuppression with the activation of procedures necessary for the induction of long term response to cancer.
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Han S, Li R, Lin J, Hou X, Weng H, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li N, Chai T, Wei L. Galectin-1 induces immune response and antiviral ability in Cherry Valley ducks after duck plague virus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 98:205-213. [PMID: 30986433 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1, as a typical animal galactose-binding protein, it is found on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Cloning the full-length coding sequence of galectin-1 from the spleens of Cherry Valley ducks revealed that the coding sequence of duck galectin-1 (duGal-1) comprises 405 bp, encoding 134 amino acids. Homologic analysis revealed its amino acid sequence is most identical to that of Anas platyrhynchos (98.8%) followed by Gallus gallus. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that duGal-1 mRNA is broadly expressed in healthy Cherry Valley duck tissues, primarily in the heart and trachea but minimally in the lung and skin. Meanwhile, the duGal-1 expression is slightly upregulated in the infected liver and spleen. Furthermore, the expression levels of ISGs (Mx, PKR, OAS) and some cytokines such as IFN-α, IL-1β, IL-2, are up-regulated to varying degrees after overexpression the duGal-1, In contrast, Knockdown of duGal-1 found that the expression levels of ISGs and some inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated. Antiviral assay showed that duGal-1 could inhibit viral replications early during infection. This is the first study of the cloning, tissue distribution, and antiviral immune responses of duGal-1, and findings imply it is involved in the early stages of antiviral innate immune responses to duck plague virus infections in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical College, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical College, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical College, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaolan Hou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Hongyu Weng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Tongjie Chai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical College, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Liangmeng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical College, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China.
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Wilsher S, Newcombe JR, Allen WRT. The immunolocalization of Galectin-1 and Progesterone-Induced Blocking Factor (PIBF) in equine trophoblast: Possible roles in trophoblast invasion and the immunological protection of pregnancy. Placenta 2019; 85:32-39. [PMID: 31445347 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The proteins galectin-1 and Progesterone Induced Blocking Factor (PIBF) are present on human and murine trophoblast and are thought to influence both immunomodulation and trophoblast invasion. In equids, the invasive component of the placenta, the endometrial cups, stimulate maternal cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. It was therefore of interest to know if galectin-1 or PIBF could be immunolocalised to the invasive and/or non-invasive components of the equine placenta. MATERIALS Horse and mule (♀ horse X ♂ donkey) embryos and placental tissues between Days 12 and 124 of gestation were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies raised against galectin-1 and PIBF. RESULTS Galectin-1 stained the non-invasive trophoblast between Days 15 and 20 but thereafter stained only the invasive trophoblast cells of the chorionic girdle, both before and after they invaded the endometrium to form the endometrial cups. PIBF, on the other hand, stained both the invasive and non-invasive trophoblast throughout the period of gestation studied. Of particular interest was the relative lack of staining of the endometrial cup cells in mule compared to horse pregnancies for galectin-1 and PIBF prior to the earlier and more rapid death and desquamation of the mule cup cells. DISCUSSION The expression of galectin-1 and PIBF proteins in equine trophoblast and the marked difference in lifespan between the endometrial cups in intraspecies horse versus interspecies mule pregnancies support a likely role for these two proteins protecting the fetal trophoblast from maternal immune attack and/or modulation of the invasiveness of endometrial cup cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wilsher
- Sharjah Equine Hospital, Al Daid Road, Bridge No.6, Al Atain Area, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; The Paul Mellon Laboratory of Equine Reproduction, "Brunswick", Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 9BJ, UK.
| | - J R Newcombe
- Newcombe and East Veterinary Surgeons, Brownhills, West Midlands, WS8 6LS, UK
| | - W R Twink Allen
- Sharjah Equine Hospital, Al Daid Road, Bridge No.6, Al Atain Area, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; The Paul Mellon Laboratory of Equine Reproduction, "Brunswick", Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 9BJ, UK
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26
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Zhu J, Wei M, Wang Q, Ao Q, Tan Y, Luo Y, Wang H, Jiang H, Hu Q. Characterization and expression of galectin-3 after Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila challenge in GIFT strain Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:974-980. [PMID: 30580040 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, Galectin-3 has been revealed to be widely expressed in immune cells and played important role in immune reactions. However, Galectin-3 is frequently less reported in teleost. In the present study, a molecular characterization and expression analysis of galectin-3 were conducted in GIFT strain Nile tilapia. The full-length cDNA is 1034 bp with 690 bp of protein coding sequences. The result of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA of galectin-3 was widely expressed in various tissues (heart, liver, spleen, gill, kidney, brain, intestine, skin, muscle, and ovary), and the higher expression was observed in immune-related tissues (liver and spleen). The time-course expression analysis revealed that galectin-3 was significantly up-regulated in intestine (5 h, 50 h, and 7 d), liver (5 h, 50 h, and 7 d), spleen (5 and 50 h), head-kidney (5 and 50 h), gill (5 h and 7 d) after Streptococcus agalactiae challenge, and significantly up-regulated in intestine (18, 24, 36, 72, and 96 h), liver (6, 18, 24, 96 h, and 6 d), spleen (18, 24, 36, 72, and 96 h), head-kidney (6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72, and 96 h), and gill (12, 18, 24, and 36 h) after Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Taken together, these data suggest that galectin-3 plays a role in immune responses in Nile tilapia after bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Zhu
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Lab of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Min Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Quanhe Wang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430223, China
| | - Qiuwei Ao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Lab of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yun Tan
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Lab of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yongju Luo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Lab of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Lab of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Hesheng Jiang
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Lab of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Qiaomu Hu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430223, China.
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Mello-Bosnic C, Gimenes AD, Oliani SM, Gil CD. Treatment with galectin-1 eye drops regulates mast cell degranulation and attenuates the severity of conjunctivitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:124-130. [PMID: 29859836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a β-galactoside-binding protein with diverse biological activities in the pathogenesis of inflammation, however the mechanisms by which Gal-1 modulates cellular responses in allergic inflammatory processes have not been fully determined. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of Gal-1 eye drops in an experimental model of conjunctivitis. Wistar rats received a topical application of compound (C)48/80 (100 mg/ml) into right eyes and a drop of vehicle into the contralateral eye. Another group of rats received Gal-1 (0.3 or 3 μg/eye) or sodium cromoglycate (SCG; 40 mg/ml) in both eyes and, after 15 min, right eye was challenged with C48/80. Conjunctivitis-induced by C48/80 was characterized by severe eyelid oedema and tearing, but clinical signs were ameliorated by eye drop doses of both Gal-1 (0.3/3 μg) and SCG. As expected, an increased proportion of degranulated mast cells (62%, P < 0.01) and lower histamine levels were observed after 6 h of C48/80 challenge, compared to control (32%). This effect was abrogated by Gal-1 and SCG, which reduced mast cell degranulation (31-36%), eosinophil migration and eosinophil peroxidase levels in the eyes. Gal-1 (3 μg) and SCG treatments also decreased IL-4 levels, as well as activation of mitogen activated protein kinases compared to untreated C48/80 eyes. Our findings suggest that Gal-1 eye drops represent a new therapeutic strategy for ocular allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mello-Bosnic
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Dantas Gimenes
- UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Oliani
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Damas Gil
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Powell RM, Lissauer D, Tamblyn J, Beggs A, Cox P, Moss P, Kilby MD. Decidual T Cells Exhibit a Highly Differentiated Phenotype and Demonstrate Potential Fetal Specificity and a Strong Transcriptional Response to IFN. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3406-3417. [PMID: 28986438 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Immune tolerance during human pregnancy is maintained by a range of modifications to the local and systemic maternal immune system. Lymphoid infiltration is seen at the implantation site of the fetal-maternal interface, and decidual NK cells have been demonstrated to facilitate extravillous trophoblast invasion into maternal decidua during the first trimester, optimizing hemochorial placentation. However, although there is considerable T cell infiltration of the maternal decidua, the functional properties of this T cell response remain poorly defined. We investigated the specificity and regulation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells obtained from human third trimester decidua and demonstrated that decidual CD4+ and CD8+ T cells exhibit a highly differentiated effector memory phenotype in comparison with peripheral blood and display increased production of IFN-γ and IL-4. Moreover, decidual T cells proliferated in response to fetal tissue, and depletion of T regulatory cells led to an increase in fetal-specific proliferation. HY-specific T cells were detectable in the decidua of women with male pregnancies and were shown to be highly differentiated. Transcriptional analysis of decidual T cells revealed a unique gene profile characterized by elevated expression of proteins associated with the response to IFN signaling. These data have considerable importance both for the study of healthy placentation and for the investigation of the potential importance of fetal-specific alloreactive immune responses within disorders of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Powell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham Health Partners, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
| | - David Lissauer
- Centre for Women's and Newborn Health, Birmingham Health Partners, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Tamblyn
- Centre for Women's and Newborn Health, Birmingham Health Partners, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.,Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Philip Cox
- Department of Perinatal Pathology, Centre of Women's and Children's Health, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham Health Partners, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Kilby
- Centre for Women's and Newborn Health, Birmingham Health Partners, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.,Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Cagliani J, Grande D, Molmenti EP, Miller EJ, Rilo HL. Immunomodulation by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Clinical Applications. JOURNAL OF STEM CELL AND REGENERATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 3:10.15436/2471-0598.17.022. [PMID: 29104965 PMCID: PMC5667922 DOI: 10.15436/2471-0598.17.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can be isolated and expanded from various sources. MSCs modulate the function of immune cells, including T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. An understanding of the interaction between MSCs and the inflammatory microenvironment will provide critical information in revealing the precise in vivo mechanisms involved in MSCs-mediated therapeutic effects, and for designing more practical protocols for the clinical use of these cells. In this review we describe the current knowledge of the unique biological properties of MSCs, the immunosuppressive effects on immune-competent cells and the paracrine role of soluble factors. A summary of the participation of MSCs in preclinical and clinical studies in treating autoimmune diseases and other diseases is described. We also discuss the current challenges of their use and their potential roles in cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Cagliani
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Heart and Lungs, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, N Y, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Grande
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, N Y, USA
| | - Ernesto P Molmenti
- Transplantation of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Edmund J. Miller
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Heart and Lungs, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, N Y, USA
| | - Horacio L.R. Rilo
- Pancreas Disease Center, Department of Surgery, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Hornung Á, Monostori É, Kovács L. Systemic lupus erythematosus in the light of the regulatory effects of galectin-1 on T-cell function. Lupus 2017; 26:339-347. [PMID: 28100106 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316686846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 is an endogenous immunoregulatory lectin-type protein. Its most important effects are the inhibition of the differentiation and cytokine production of Th1 and Th17 cells, and the induction of apoptosis of activated T-cells. Galectin-1 has been identified as a key molecule in antitumor immune surveillance, and data are accumulating about the pathogenic role of its deficiency, and the beneficial effects of its administration in various autoimmune disease models. Initial animal and human studies strongly suggest deficiencies in both galectin-1 production and responsiveness in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) T-cells. Since lupus features widespread abnormalities in T-cell activation, differentiation and viability, in this review the authors wished to highlight potential points in T-cell signalling processes that may be influenced by galectin-1. These points include GM-1 ganglioside-mediated lipid raft aggregation, early activation signalling steps involving p56Lck, the exchange of the CD3 ζ-ZAP-70 to the FcRγ-Syk pathway, defective mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation, impaired regulatory T-cell function, the failure to suppress the activity of interleukin 17 (IL-17) producing T-cells, and decreased suppression of the PI3K-mTOR pathway by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). These findings place galectin-1 into the group of potential pathogenic molecules in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Á Hornung
- 1 Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,2 Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - É Monostori
- 1 Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Kovács
- 2 Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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D'Haene N, Maris C, Sandras F, Dehou MF, Remmelink M, Decaestecker C, Salmon I. The Differential Expression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Normal Lymphoid Tissue and Non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's Lymphomas. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:431-43. [PMID: 16164826 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The WHO classification of lymphomas was established on the basis of clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical and genetic criteria. However, each entity displays its own spectrum of clinical aggressiveness. Treatment success varies widely and is not predictable. Since galectins are involved in oncogenesis and the physiology of immune cells, we investigated whether galectin-1 and galectin-3 immunohistochemical expression could differ in 25 normal lymphoid tissues, 42 non-Hodgkin's and 14 Hodgkin's lymphomas. Immunohistochemical galectin expression was submitted to semi-quantitative and quantitative (computer-assisted microscopy) evaluations. This study is completed by an analysis (by means of quantitative RT-PCR) of galectin-3 mRNA expression in 3 normal lymph nodes, 3 follicular lymphomas (FLs) and 3 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). The data show that in normal lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes do not express galectin-1 and rarely express galectin-3. In contrast, galectin-3 was expressed in 8 of the 16 DLBCL cases and in 1 of the 8 FL cases. Furthermore, galectin-3 mRNA was expressed 3-times more in the DLBCLs than in the FLs. While the blood vessel walls of the lymphomas expressed galectin-1, the vessel walls of normal lymphoid tissues did not. This expression of galectin-1 in blood vessel walls was correlated with vascular density. The present study thus shows that DLBCL can be distinguished from normal lymphoid tissue and other lymphomas on the basis of galectin-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D'Haene
- Laboratory of Pathology, Erasmus University Hospital (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Mari ER, Rasouli J, Ciric B, Moore JN, Conejo-Garcia JR, Rajasagi N, Zhang GX, Rabinovich GA, Rostami A. Galectin-1 is essential for the induction of MOG35-55 -based intravenous tolerance in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1783-96. [PMID: 27151444 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), intravenous (i.v.) injection of the antigen, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-derived peptide, MOG35-55 , suppresses disease development, a phenomenon called i.v. tolerance. Galectin-1, an endogenous glycan-binding protein, is upregulated during autoimmune neuroinflammation and plays immunoregulatory roles by inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) and IL-10 producing regulatory type 1 T (Tr1) cells. To examine the role of galectin-1 in i.v. tolerance, we administered MOG35-55 -i.v. to wild-type (WT) and galectin-1 deficient (Lgals1(-/-) ) mice with ongoing EAE. MOG35-55 suppressed disease in the WT, but not in the Lgals1(-/-) mice. The numbers of Tr1 cells and Treg cells were increased in the CNS and periphery of tolerized WT mice. In contrast, Lgals1(-/-) MOG-i.v. mice had reduced numbers of Tr1 cells and Treg cells in the CNS and periphery, and reduced IL-27, IL-10, and TGF-β1 expression in DCs in the periphery. DCs derived from i.v.-tolerized WT mice suppressed disease when adoptively transferred into mice with ongoing EAE, whereas DCs from Lgals1(-/-) MOG-i.v. mice were not suppressive. These findings demonstrate that galectin-1 is required for i.v. tolerance induction, likely via induction of tolerogenic DCs leading to enhanced development of Tr1 cells, Treg cells, and downregulation of proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth R Mari
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Javad Rasouli
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason N Moore
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - José R Conejo-Garcia
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naveen Rajasagi
- Comparative and Experimental Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Blanchard H, Bum-Erdene K, Bohari MH, Yu X. Galectin-1 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:537-54. [PMID: 26950805 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1163338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Galectins have affinity for β-galactosides. Human galectin-1 is ubiquitously expressed in the body and its expression level can be a marker in disease. Targeted inhibition of galectin-1 gives potential for treatment of inflammatory disorders and anti-cancer therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This review discusses progress in galectin-1 inhibitor discovery and development. Patent applications pertaining to galectin-1 inhibitors are categorised as monovalent- and multivalent-carbohydrate-based inhibitors, peptides- and peptidomimetics. Furthermore, the potential of galectin-1 protein as a therapeutic is discussed along with consideration of the unique challenges that galectin-1 presents, including its monomer-dimer equilibrium and oxidized and reduced forms, with regard to delivering an intact protein to a pathologically relevant site. EXPERT OPINION Significant evidence implicates galectin-1's involvement in cancer progression, inflammation, and host-pathogen interactions. Conserved sequence similarity of the carbohydrate-binding sites of different galectins makes design of specific antagonists (blocking agents/inhibitors of function) difficult. Key challenges pertaining to the therapeutic use of galectin-1 are its monomer-dimer equilibrium, its redox state, and delivery of intact galectin-1 to the desired site. Developing modified forms of galectin-1 has resulted in increased stability and functional potency. Gene and protein therapy approaches that deliver the protein toward the target are under exploration as is exploitation of different inhibitor scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Blanchard
- a Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Queensland , Australia
| | - Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- a Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Queensland , Australia
| | | | - Xing Yu
- a Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Queensland , Australia
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Zhou S, Zhao H, Thongda W, Zhang D, Su B, Yu D, Peatman E, Li C. Galectins in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: Characterization and expression profiling in mucosal tissues. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:324-335. [PMID: 26767746 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins with conserved CRDs, which can recognize the glycans on the surface of viruses, bacteria and protozoan parasites, are emerging as key players in many important pathological processes, including acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity and apoptosis. Although galectins have attracted great interest in mammals, they are still poorly-characterized in teleost. Previously, several studies have reported their high expression levels in mucosal tissues before and post infection. Given the important roles for galectins in mucosal immunity, therefore, we characterized the galectin gene family and profiled family member expression after challenge with two different Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Here, twelve galectins genes were captured in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and phylogenetic analysis showed the strongest relationship to zebrafish and salmon, which is consistent with their phylogenetic relationships. Furthermore, the galectin genes were widely expressed in catfish tissues, while most of the galectin genes were strongly expressed in mucosal tissues (skin, gill and intestine). In addition, the expression profiles of galectins after bacterial infection varied depending on both pathogen and tissue type, suggesting that galectins may exert disparate functions or exhibit distinct tissue-selective roles in the host immune response to bacterial pathogens. Further studies are needed, however, to expand functional characterization and examine whether galectins may also play additional physiological roles in catfish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhou
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Honggang Zhao
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Wilawan Thongda
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Baofeng Su
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Library, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Eric Peatman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Tang D, Gao J, Wang S, Yuan Z, Ye N, Chong Y, Xu C, Jiang X, Li B, Yin W, Miao Y, Wang D, Jiang K. Apoptosis and anergy of T cell induced by pancreatic stellate cells-derived galectin-1 in pancreatic cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5617-26. [PMID: 25725585 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1, a β-galactoside-binding protein implicated in cancer cell immune privilege, was highly expressed in activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). This study was designed to investigate the relationship between PSC-derived galectin-1 and tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer. Isolated PSCs were identified as normal pancreas cells (hNPSCs) or pancreatic cancer cells (hCaPSCs) by immunohistochemical staining for α-SMA and vimentin, and galectin-1 expression was evaluated by Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR. Apoptosis, caspase activity, and cytokine production (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-β, and IFN-γ) of T cells co-cultured with PSCs were evaluated, and immunohistochemical staining of galectin-1 was correlated with CD3 and clinicopathological variables in 66 pancreatic cancer and 10 normal pancreatic tissue samples. hCaPSCs exhibited higher galectin-1 expression than did hNPSCs, and hCaPSCs induced higher levels of apoptosis in T cells following co-culture. hCaPSCs activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and stimulated secretion of Th2 cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) but decreased secretion of Th1 cytokines (TNF-β and IFN-γ), compared with hNPSCs. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that galectin-1 and CD3 were more highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissue. Galectin-1 expression was highest in poorly differentiated pancreatic cancer cells and lowest in well-differentiated pancreatic cancer cells and was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, differentiation, and UICC stage. However, CD3 expression showed the opposite trend and was highest in well-differentiated pancreatic cancer cells and was associated with tumor differentiation and UICC stage. High expression of galectin-1 was associated with short survival, as was low expression of CD3. hCaPSC-derived galectin-1 enhanced apoptosis and anergy of T cells in pancreatic cancer, which contributes to the immune escape of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
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Leskela S, Serrano A, de la Fuente H, Rodríguez-Muñoz A, Ramos-Levi A, Sampedro-Nuñez M, Sánchez-Madrid F, González-Amaro R, Marazuela M. Graves' disease is associated with a defective expression of the immune regulatory molecule galectin-9 in antigen-presenting dendritic cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123938. [PMID: 25880730 PMCID: PMC4399981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) show defects in their immune-regulatory mechanisms. Herein we assessed the expression and function of galectin-1 and galectin-9 (Gal-1, Gal-9) in dendritic cells (DCs) from patients with AITD. Materials and Methods Peripheral blood samples from 25 patients with Graves’ disease (GD), 11 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), and 24 healthy subjects were studied. Thyroid tissue samples from 44 patients with AITD and 22 patients with goiter were also analyzed. Expression and function of Gal-1 and Gal-9 was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Results A diminished expression of Gal-9, but not of Gal-1, by peripheral blood DCs was observed in GD patients, mainly in those with Graves´ ophthalmopathy, and a significant negative association between disease severity and Gal-9 expression was detected. In addition, the mRNA levels of Gal-9 and its ligand TIM-3 were increased in thyroid tissue from AITD patients and its expression was associated with the levels of Th1/Th12/Th17 cytokines. Immunofluorescence studies proved that intrathyroidal Gal-9 expression was confined to DCs and macrophages. Finally, in vitro functional assays showed that exogenous Gal-9 had a suppressive effect on the release of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines by DC/lymphocyte autologous co-cultures from both AITD patients and healthy controls. Conclusions The altered pattern of expression of Gal-9 in peripheral blood DCs from GD patients, its correlation with disease severity as well as its ability to suppress cytokine release suggest that Gal-9 could be involved in the pathogenesis of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Leskela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Serrano
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramos-Levi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Sampedro-Nuñez
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Deák M, Hornung Á, Novák J, Demydenko D, Szabó E, Czibula Á, Fajka-Boja R, Kriston-Pál É, Monostori É, Kovács L. Novel role for galectin-1 in T-cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Immunobiology 2015; 220:483-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Blois SM, Dechend R, Barrientos G, Staff AC. A potential pathophysiological role for galectins and the renin-angiotensin system in preeclampsia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:39-50. [PMID: 25192660 PMCID: PMC11113509 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses a potential role of galectins and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE). Preeclampsia affects between 3 and 5 % of all pregnancies and is a heterogeneous disease, which may be caused by multiple factors. The only cure is the delivery of the placenta, which may result in a premature delivery and baby. Probably due to its heterogeneity, PE studies in human have hitherto only led to the identification of a limited number of factors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Animal models, particularly in mice and rats, have been used to gain further insight into the molecular pathology behind PE. In this review, we discuss the picture emerging from human and animal studies pointing to galectins and the RAS being associated with the PE syndrome and affecting a broad range of cellular signaling components. Moreover, we review the epidemiological evidence for PE increasing the risk of future cardiovascular disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- Charité Center 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,
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The effects of galectin-1 on the gene expression of the transcription factors TBX21, GATA-3, FOXP3 and RORC. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 398:245-9. [PMID: 25292313 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells orchestrate the immune response by differentiating into T helper (Th) or regulatory (Treg) cell subsets that secrete distinct sets of cytokines. They also play a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, asthma, allergy and, likely, cancer. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of CD4(+) T cell homeostasis by galectin-1 remain poorly characterized. To investigate whether galectin-1 modulates the differentiation of CD4(+) T cells, the effects of galectin-1 on the mRNA expression levels of TBX21, GATA-3, FOXP3 and RORC in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined. The expression levels of GATA-3 and FOXP3 mRNA were up-regulated after treatment with 1.0 μg/ml galectin-1 and were unchanged (for GATA-3) or slightly elevated (for FOXP3) compared with untreated cells when 2.0 μg/ml galectin-1 was added. At the same time, at both concentrations of galectin-1, we observed reduced TBX21 and RORC mRNA expression levels. These findings support the concept that galectin-1 skews the differentiation of CD4(+) T cells towards Th2 and Treg cells.
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Escoda-Ferran C, Carrasco E, Caballero-Baños M, Miró-Julià C, Martínez-Florensa M, Consuegra-Fernández M, Martínez VG, Liu FT, Lozano F. Modulation of CD6 function through interaction with Galectin-1 and -3. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2805-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Yanaba K, Asano Y, Akamata K, Noda S, Aozasa N, Taniguchi T, Takahashi T, Toyama T, Ichimura Y, Sumida H, Kuwano Y, Miyazaki M, Sato S. Circulating galectin-1 concentrations in systemic sclerosis: potential contribution to digital vasculopathy. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 19:622-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yanaba
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kaname Akamata
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinji Noda
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Naohiko Aozasa
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takehiro Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuo Toyama
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yohei Ichimura
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hayakazu Sumida
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kuwano
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Miki Miyazaki
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Mallucci L, Wells V. The end of KRAS, and other, cancers? A new way forward. Drug Discov Today 2013; 19:383-7. [PMID: 24291216 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutant KRAS, as well as other mutant driver genes and epidriver genes, is a dominant determinant of resistance to cancer therapeutics. The recent introduction of targeting therapies based on drugs that inhibit the kinase catalytic function of nodal points along the Ras/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt cascades is meeting with limited success. Against this background, recent evidence shows that the β-galactoside-binding protein (βGBP) molecule, a physiological PI3K inhibitor, is a potent inducer of apoptosis in KRAS-mutant cancer cells (along with other aggressive cancer cells of different genetic makeup) and that it is therapeutically effective in vivo. Absence of p53 or phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor function or added activating PI3K mutations does not affect βGBP function. In contrast to the concept of one drug against one target, βGBP operates through alternative physiological routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Mallucci
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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Biniossek ML, Lechel A, Rudolph KL, Martens UM, Zimmermann S. Quantitative proteomic profiling of tumor cell response to telomere dysfunction using isotope-coded protein labeling (ICPL) reveals interaction network of candidate senescence markers. J Proteomics 2013; 91:515-35. [PMID: 23969227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Telomerase inhibition causes progressive telomere shortening and cellular senescence, which constitutes a universal barrier to tumor growth and therefore an attractive target for tumor therapy. To expand our previous studies, we investigated the global effects of telomere dysfunction on the proteome of tumor cells in order to find novel senescence biomarkers. Telomerase-deficient HCT-116 cell clones were analyzed by a quantitative proteomic approach using isotope-coded protein labeling (ICPL) and nanoflow-HPLC-MS/MS. Stringent reduction of the extensive proteomic data from this tumor cell model revealed a list of 59 markers including proteins identified in our former studies and a number of novel proteins involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis such as SFN, S100A4, ANXA2, and LGALS1. A loss of the chromatin protein HMGB2 was demonstrated not only in various telomerase-inhibited clones of different tumor cell lines, but also in normal human fibroblasts undergoing replicative senescence and in aging telomerase knockout mice. Impressively, a coherent and dense network of protein-protein interactions for the bulk of the markers and their implementation in signaling pathways involving key regulators for tumorigenesis were revealed. These results have an impact on the understanding of telomere- and senescence-related signal transduction in tumor cells in consideration of the general lack of senescence markers. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Induction of cellular senescence constitutes a potent concept for tumor therapy which interferes with immortalization and additional hallmarks of cancer. The application of a powerful quantitative proteomic approach using isotope-coded protein labeling to an approved model for senescence represented by telomerase inhibited tumor cells led to the identification of novel candidate biomarkers for telomere dysfunction and replicative senescence. Thereby, the identified markers not only fit in the context of the investigated processes with a relevance for additional hallmarks of cancer but are also involved in a strong interaction network and integrated in canonical pathways centered around key cancer-relevant proteins. These potential markers alone or in combination will significantly extend the view on telomere-associated signal transduction in tumor cells and contribute to the field of cellular senescence and aging in consideration of the general lack of biomarkers in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Biniossek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Iqbal AJ, Cooper D, Vugler A, Gittens BR, Moore A, Perretti M. Endogenous galectin-1 exerts tonic inhibition on experimental arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:171-7. [PMID: 23720814 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the role(s) of endogenous galectin-1 (Gal-1) in arthritis. In this study we queried whether antiarthritic functions for this effector of endogenous anti-inflammation could be unveiled by studying collagen-induced arthritis in Gal-1(-/-) mice. Gal-1(-/-) and C57BL/6J [wild-type (WT)] mice received an immunization of chicken type II collagen (CII) in CFA followed by a booster on day 21, which consisted of CII in IFA. Animals were monitored for signs of arthritis from day 14 onward. Clinical and histological signs of arthritis were recorded, and humoral and cellular immune responses against CII were analyzed. A distinct disease penetrance was apparent, with ~ 70% of Gal-1(-/-) mice developing arthritis compared with ~ 50% in WT animals. Gal-1(-/-) mice also exhibited an accelerated disease onset and more severe arthritis characterized by significantly elevated clinical scores. Postmortem analyses (day 42) revealed higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2b anti-CII Ig isotypes in the serum of Gal-1 null animals compared with WT. Finally, T cell responses following ex vivo stimulation with CII revealed a greater degree of proliferation in T cells of Gal-1(-/-) mice compared with WT, which was associated with increased production of IL-17 and IL-22. These data suggest the novel idea that endogenous Gal-1 is an inhibitory factor in the development of arthritis affecting disease severity. We have also highlighted the importance of endogenous Gal-1 in regulating T cell reactivity during experimental arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif J Iqbal
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Cigna D, D'Anna C, Zizzo C, Francofonte D, Sorrentino I, Colomba P, Albeggiani G, Armini A, Bianchi L, Bini L, Duro G. Alteration of proteomic profiles in PBMC isolated from patients with Fabry disease: preliminary findings. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:1162-8. [PMID: 23385635 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25402j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked progressive multisystem disease due to mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A (α-GalA). The deficiency in α-GalA activity leads to an intra-lysosomal accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), in various organs and systems. Enzyme replacement therapy is available and alternative therapeutic approaches are being explored. No diagnostic test, other than sequencing of the α-galactosidase A gene, is available, no biomarker has been proven useful to screen for and predict the disease, and underlying mechanisms are still elusive. The aim of this study is to identify FD specific biomarkers and to better understand the pathophysiological changes that occur over time in FD. We compared peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from FD patients (n = 8) with control PBMC from healthy individuals (n = 6), by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and the detected differentially expressed proteins were then subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In FD patients we identified, among the down-regulated proteins, Calnexin, Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2, Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1, Chloride intracellular channel protein 1; on the other hand γ-enolase, 14-3-3 protein theta, 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta, and galectin-1 were identified as up-regulated proteins. Calnexin and Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor-1,2 are related to protein folding, signal transduction and cell proliferation. This is the first time that γ-enolase and galectin-1 are described to be up-regulated in Fabry patients. Levels of γ-enolase increase dramatically in cardiovascular accidents and cerebral trauma, whereas galectins are regulators of acute and chronic inflammation. These findings may improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology and provide new insight and knowledge for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cigna
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), CNR, Palermo, Italy
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Zhang S, Lin H, Kong S, Wang S, Wang H, Wang H, Armant DR. Physiological and molecular determinants of embryo implantation. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:939-80. [PMID: 23290997 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Embryo implantation involves the intimate interaction between an implantation-competent blastocyst and a receptive uterus, which occurs in a limited time period known as the window of implantation. Emerging evidence shows that defects originating during embryo implantation induce ripple effects with adverse consequences on later gestation events, highlighting the significance of this event for pregnancy success. Although a multitude of cellular events and molecular pathways involved in embryo-uterine crosstalk during implantation have been identified through gene expression studies and genetically engineered mouse models, a comprehensive understanding of the nature of embryo implantation is still missing. This review focuses on recent progress with particular attention to physiological and molecular determinants of blastocyst activation, uterine receptivity, blastocyst attachment and uterine decidualization. A better understanding of underlying mechanisms governing embryo implantation should generate new strategies to rectify implantation failure and improve pregnancy rates in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex and common systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and hyperplasia. Multiple proteins, cells, and pathways have been identified to contribute to the pathogenesis of RA. Galectins are a group of lectins that bind to β-galactoside carbohydrates on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. They are expressed in a wide variety of tissues and organs with the highest expression in the immune system. Galectins are potent immune regulators and modulate a range of pathological processes, such as inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Accumulated evidence shows that several family members of galectins play positive or negative roles in the disease development of RA, through their effects on T and B lymphocytes, myeloid lineage cells, and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. In this review, we will summarize the function of different galectins in immune modulation and their distinct roles in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yangsheng Yu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Christopher D Koehn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA ; The Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kaihong Su
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA ; The Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Mallucci L, Shi DY, Davies D, Jordan P, Nicol A, Lotti L, Mariani-Costantini R, Verginelli F, Wells V, Zicha D. Killing of Kras-mutant colon cancer cells via Rac-independent actin remodeling by the βGBP cytokine, a physiological PI3K inhibitor therapeutically effective in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1884-93. [PMID: 22752425 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-1041-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in Kras are the most frequent mutations in human cancer. They define a subset of patients who do not respond to current therapies and for whom prognosis is poor. Oncogenic Kras has been shown to deregulate numerous signaling pathways of which the most intensively studied are the Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt cascade. However, to date, there are no effective targeted therapies in the clinic against Kras-mutant cancers. Here, we report that the β-galactoside-binding protein (βGBP) cytokine, a physiologic inhibitor of class I PI3Ks, is a potent activator of apoptosis in Kras-mutant colorectal cancer cells, even when coharboring mutant-activated PIK3CA. Our study unveils an elective route to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, which involves the cytoskeleton. Early events are inhibition of PI3K activity and Rac-independent actin rearrangement assignable to phosphoinositide changes at the plasma membrane. Cyclin E deregulation, arrest of DNA synthesis, and checkpoint kinase 2 activation underscore events critical to the activation of an intrinsic apoptotic program. Clustering of CD95/Fas death receptors underscore events critical to the activation of extrinsic apoptosis. In nude mice, we present the first evidence that xenograft tumor development is strongly inhibited by Hu-r-βGBP. Taken together, our results open a new therapeutic opportunity to a subset of patients refractive to current treatments. This first demonstration of therapeutic efficacy against Kras-mutant colon cancer suggests that Hu-r-βGBP may also be therapeutically effective against other cancers harboring activating Ras mutations as well as PIK3CA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Mallucci
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Kollár S, Sándor N, Molvarec A, Stenczer B, Rigó J, Tulassay T, Vásárhelyi B, Toldi G. Prevalence of intracellular galectin-1-expressing lymphocytes in umbilical cord blood in comparison with adult peripheral blood. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012; 18:1608-13. [PMID: 22609846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a promising alternative for the treatment of hematological malignancies. The lower immune reactivity of UCB lymphocytes is a well-known phenomenon; however, immune tolerance mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Galectin-1 has strong immunosuppressive properties and plays a key role in the regulation of immune reactivity. We aimed to determine the properties of intracellular galectin-1 (Gal-1)-producing cells within CD3, CD4, CD8, regulatory T (Treg), and natural killer (NK) cells in UCB compared to adult peripheral blood (APB). We took peripheral blood samples from 22 healthy adults and cord blood samples from 19 healthy, term neonates. Intracellular Gal-1 expression was determined by flow cytometry in the above subsets. Furthermore, we assessed the prevalence of naive and memory T cells that play a role in the regulation of immune reactivity. We also performed functional analyses to assess the effect of exogenous Gal-1 on the rate of proliferation of T lymphocytes isolated from APB and UCB. The prevalence of intracellular Gal-1-expressing CD3, CD4, CD8, Treg and NK lymphocytes was lower in UCB than in APB. However, their capability to produce Gal-1 reaches the level seen in adults. The prevalence of naive cells was higher, whereas that of central and effector memory T cells was lower in UCB compared with APB. Lower Gal-1-producing cell proportion might be due to the naivety of neonatal lymphocytes, as indicated by the positive correlation detected between the number of CD3 lymphocytes expressing intracellular Gal-1 and the prevalence of memory T cells. The intracellular expression of Gal-1 may be down-regulated in neonatal lymphocytes due to the already reduced immune reactivity of UCB. In contrast with previous findings, our results indicate that the administration of exogenous Gal-1 failed to decrease the rate of proliferation in T lymphocytes isolated from either APB or UCB. This suggests that Gal-1-expressing lymphocytes are unlikely to play a major role in mitigating the immune reactivity of UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szonja Kollár
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Tang D, Yuan Z, Xue X, Lu Z, Zhang Y, Wang H, Chen M, An Y, Wei J, Zhu Y, Miao Y, Jiang K. High expression of Galectin-1 in pancreatic stellate cells plays a role in the development and maintenance of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 130:2337-48. [PMID: 21780106 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 is implicated in making tumor cells immune privileged, in part by regulating the survival of infiltrating T cells. Galectin-1 is strongly expressed in activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs); however, whether this is linked to tumor cell immune escape in pancreatic cancer is unknown. Galectin-1 was knocked down in PSCs isolated from pancreatic tissues using small interfering RNA (siRNA), or overexpressed using recombinant lentiviruses, and the PSCs were cocultured with T cells. CD3(+) , CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; T cell IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and INF-γ production levels were quantified using ELISA. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased numbers of PSCs expressed Galectin-1 (p < 0.01) and pancreatic cancers had increased CD3(+) T cell densities (p < 0.01) compared to normal pancreas or chronic pancreatitis samples. In coculture experiments, PSCs that overexpressed Galectin-1 induced apoptosis of CD4(+) T cells (p < 0.01) and CD8(+) T cells (p < 0.05) significantly, compared to normal PSCs. Knockdown of Galectin-1 in PSCs increased CD4(+) T cell (p < 0.01) and CD8(+) T cell viability (p < 0.05). Supernatants from T cells cocultured with PSCs that overexpressed Galectin-1 contained significantly increased levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5, p < 0.01) and decreased Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and INF-γ, p < 0.01). However, the knockdown of PSC Galectin-1 had the opposite effect on Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion. Our study suggests that the overexpression of Galectin-1 in PSCs induced T cell apoptosis and Th2 cytokine secretion, which may regulate PSC-dependent immunoprivilege in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Galectin-1 may provide a novel candidate target for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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