1
|
Sun X, Hu X, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Sun X, Yang L, Jin M. Sodium taurocholate hydrate inhibits influenza virus replication and suppresses influenza a Virus-triggered inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110544. [PMID: 37392567 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus is an important respiratory pathogen that poses serious threats to human health. Owing to the high mutation rate of viral genes, weaker cross-protection of vaccines, and rapid emergence of drug resistance, there is an urgent need to develop new antiviral drugs against influenza viruses. Taurocholic acid is a primary bile acid that promotes digestion, absorption, and excretion of dietary lipids. Here, we demonstrate that sodium taurocholate hydrate (STH) exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against influenza strains H5N6, H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H9N2 in vitro. STH significantly inhibited the early stages of influenza A virus replication. The levels of influenza virus viral RNA (vRNA), complementary RNA (cRNA), and mRNA were specifically reduced in virus-infected cells following STH treatment. In vivo, STH treatment of infected mice alleviated clinical signs and reduced weight loss and mortality. STH also reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 overexpression. STH significantly inhibited the upregulation of TLR4 and the NF-kB family member p65, both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that STH exerts a protective effect against influenza infection via suppression of the NF-kB pathway, highlighting the potential use of STH as a drug for treating influenza infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sponton CH, Hosono T, Taura J, Jedrychowski MP, Yoneshiro T, Wang Q, Takahashi M, Matsui Y, Ikeda K, Oguri Y, Tajima K, Shinoda K, Pradhan RN, Chen Y, Brown Z, Roberts LS, Ward CC, Taoka H, Yokoyama Y, Watanabe M, Karasawa H, Nomura DK, Kajimura S. The regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis via PLTP as a mediator of BAT-liver communication. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49828. [PMID: 32672883 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While brown adipose tissue (BAT) is well-recognized for its ability to dissipate energy in the form of heat, recent studies suggest multifaced roles of BAT in the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis beyond stimulating thermogenesis. One of the functions involves interorgan communication with metabolic organs, such as the liver, through BAT-derived secretory factors, a.k.a., batokine. However, the identity and the roles of such mediators remain insufficiently understood. Here, we employed proteomics and transcriptomics in human thermogenic adipocytes and identified previously unappreciated batokines, including phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). We found that increased circulating levels of PLTP, via systemic or BAT-specific overexpression, significantly improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, increased energy expenditure, and decrease the circulating levels of cholesterol, phospholipids, and sphingolipids. Such changes were accompanied by increased bile acids in the circulation, which in turn enhances glucose uptake and thermogenesis in BAT. Our data suggest that PLTP is a batokine that contributes to the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid homeostasis as a mediator of BAT-liver interorgan communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Sponton
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Hosono
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Junki Taura
- End-Organ Disease Laboratories, Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Takahashi
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsui
- Protein Production Research Group, Biological Research Department, Daiichi-Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ikeda
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yasuo Oguri
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachana N Pradhan
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Brown
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay S Roberts
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Carl C Ward
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hiroki Taoka
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Watanabe
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Karasawa
- End-Organ Disease Laboratories, Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mulla CM, Goldfine AB, Dreyfuss JM, Houten S, Pan H, Pober DM, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Svane MS, Schmidt JB, Holst JJ, Craig CM, McLaughlin TL, Patti ME. Plasma FGF-19 Levels are Increased in Patients with Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia. Obes Surg 2019; 29:2092-2099. [PMID: 30976983 PMCID: PMC6544487 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoglycemia is an increasingly recognized complication of bariatric surgery. Mechanisms contributing to glucose lowering remain incompletely understood. We aimed to identify differentially abundant plasma proteins in patients with post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), compared to asymptomatic post-RYGB. METHODS Proteomic analysis of blood samples collected after overnight fast and mixed meal challenge in individuals with PBH, asymptomatic RYGB, severe obesity, or overweight recruited from outpatient hypoglycemia or bariatric clinics. RESULTS The top-ranking differentially abundant protein at 120 min after mixed meal was fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF-19), an intestinally derived hormone regulated by bile acid-FXR signaling; levels were 2.4-fold higher in PBH vs. asymptomatic post-RYGB (mean + SEM, 1094 ± 141 vs. 428 ± 45, P < 0.001, FDR < 0.01). FGF-19 ELISA confirmed 3.5-fold higher concentrations in PBH versus asymptomatic (360 ± 70 vs. 103 ± 18, P = 0.025). To explore potential links between increased FGF-19 and GLP-1, residual samples from other human studies in which GLP-1 was modulated were assayed. FGF-19 levels did not change in response to infusion of GLP-1 and PYY in overweight/obese individuals. Infusion of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin 9-39 in recently operated asymptomatic post-RYGB did not alter FGF-19 levels after mixed meal. By contrast, GLP-1 receptor antagonist infusion yielded a significant increase in FGF-19 levels after oral glucose in individuals with PBH. While plasma bile acids did not differ between PBH and asymptomatic post-RYGB, these data suggest unique interrelationships between GLP-1 and FGF-19 in PBH. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data support FGF-19 as a potential contributor to insulin-independent pathways driving postprandial hypoglycemia in PBH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Mulla
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Allison B Goldfine
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sander Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Pan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Pober
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria S Svane
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie B Schmidt
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Colleen M Craig
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tracey L McLaughlin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary-Elizabeth Patti
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dietary protein dilution limits dyslipidemia in obesity through FGF21-driven fatty acid clearance. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:189-196. [PMID: 29751292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that dietary protein dilution (PD) can promote metabolic inefficiency and improve glucose metabolism. However, whether PD can promote other aspects of metabolic health, such as improve systemic lipid metabolism, and mechanisms therein remains unknown. Mouse models of obesity, such as high-fat-diet-fed C57Bl/6 N mice, and New Zealand Obese mice were fed normal (i.e., 20%P) and protein-dilute (i.e., 5%EP) diets. FGF21-/- and Cd36-/- and corresponding littermate +/+ controls were also studied to examine gene-diet interactions. Here, we show that chronic PD retards the development of hypertrigylceridemia and fatty liver in obesity and that this relies on the induction of the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Furthermore, PD greatly enhances systemic lipid homeostasis, the mechanisms by which include FGF21-stimulated, and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) mediated, fatty acid clearance by oxidative tissues, such as heart and brown adipose tissue. Taken together, our preclinical studies demonstrate a novel nutritional strategy, as well as highlight a role for FGF21-stimulated systemic lipid metabolism, in combating obesity-related dyslipidemia.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma H, Sales VM, Wolf AR, Subramanian S, Matthews TJ, Chen M, Sharma A, Gall W, Kulik W, Cohen DE, Adachi Y, Griffin NW, Gordon JI, Patti ME, Isganaitis E. Attenuated Effects of Bile Acids on Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity in a Male Mouse Model of Prenatal Undernutrition. Endocrinology 2017; 158. [PMID: 28637315 PMCID: PMC5551557 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal undernutrition and low birth weight are associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Prenatal caloric restriction results in low birth weight, glucose intolerance, obesity, and reduced plasma bile acids (BAs) in offspring mice. Because BAs can regulate systemic metabolism and glucose homeostasis, we hypothesized that BA supplementation could prevent diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in this model of developmental programming. Pregnant dams were food restricted by 50% from gestational days 12.5 to 18.5. Offspring of both undernourished (UN) and control (C) dams given unrestricted diets were weaned to high-fat diets with or without supplementation with 0.25% w/w ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), yielding four experimental groups: C, UN, C + UDCA, and UN + UDCA. Glucose homeostasis, BA composition, liver and intestinal gene expression, and microbiota composition were analyzed in the four groups. Although UDCA supplementation ameliorated diet-induced obesity in C mice, there was no effect in UN mice. UDCA similarly lowered fasting insulin, and improved glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance, and liver steatosis in C, but not UN, animals. BA composition differed significantly, and liver and ileal expression of genes involved in BA metabolism (Cyp7b1, Shp) were differentially induced by UDCA in C vs UN animals. Bacterial taxa in fecal microbiota correlated with treatment groups and metabolic parameters. In conclusion, prenatal undernutrition alters responsiveness to the metabolic benefits of BA supplementation, with resistance to the weight-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects of UDCA supplementation. Our findings suggest that BA metabolism may be a previously unrecognized contributor to developmentally programmed diabetes risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Ma
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Vicencia M Sales
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Ashley R Wolf
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, and Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Sathish Subramanian
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, and Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Tucker J Matthews
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Michael Chen
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Aparna Sharma
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Walt Gall
- Metabolon, Durham, North Carolina 27713
| | - Wim Kulik
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam-Zuidoost, The Netherlands
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021
| | - Yusuke Adachi
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Nicholas W Griffin
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, and Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, and Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Mary-Elizabeth Patti
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Elvira Isganaitis
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fuhrmeister J, Zota A, Sijmonsma TP, Seibert O, Cıngır Ş, Schmidt K, Vallon N, de Guia RM, Niopek K, Berriel Diaz M, Maida A, Blüher M, Okun JG, Herzig S, Rose AJ. Fasting-induced liver GADD45β restrains hepatic fatty acid uptake and improves metabolic health. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:654-69. [PMID: 27137487 PMCID: PMC4888855 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that repeated short‐term nutrient withdrawal (i.e. fasting) has pleiotropic actions to promote organismal health and longevity. Despite this, the molecular physiological mechanisms by which fasting is protective against metabolic disease are largely unknown. Here, we show that, metabolic control, particularly systemic and liver lipid metabolism, is aberrantly regulated in the fasted state in mouse models of metabolic dysfunction. Liver transcript assays between lean/healthy and obese/diabetic mice in fasted and fed states uncovered “growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible” GADD45β as a dysregulated gene transcript during fasting in several models of metabolic dysfunction including ageing, obesity/pre‐diabetes and type 2 diabetes, in both mice and humans. Using whole‐body knockout mice as well as liver/hepatocyte‐specific gain‐ and loss‐of‐function strategies, we revealed a role for liver GADD45β in the coordination of liver fatty acid uptake, through cytoplasmic retention of FABP1, ultimately impacting obesity‐driven hyperglycaemia. In summary, fasting stress‐induced GADD45β represents a liver‐specific molecular event promoting adaptive metabolic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fuhrmeister
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Zota
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tjeerd P Sijmonsma
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oksana Seibert
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Şahika Cıngır
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmidt
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicola Vallon
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roldan M de Guia
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Niopek
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adriano Maida
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen G Okun
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adam J Rose
- Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morimoto K, Watanabe M, Sugizaki T, Irie JI, Itoh H. Intestinal Bile Acid Composition Modulates Prohormone Convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) Expression and Consequent GLP-1 Production in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1071-81. [PMID: 26789236 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Besides an established medication for hypercholesterolemia, bile acid binding resins (BABRs) present antidiabetic effects. Although the mechanisms underlying these effects are still enigmatic, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) appears to be involved. In addition to a few reported mechanisms, we propose prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), an essential enzyme of GLP-1 production, as a potent molecule in the GLP-1 release induced by BABRs. In our study, the BABR colestimide leads to a bile acid-specific G protein-coupled receptor TGR5-dependent induction of PC1/3 gene expression. Here, we focused on the alteration of intestinal bile acid composition and consequent increase of total TGR5 agonistic activity to explain the TGR5 activation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nuclear factor of activated T cells mediates the TGR5-triggered PC1/3 gene expression. Altogether, our data indicate that the TGR5-dependent intestinal PC1/3 gene expression supports the BABR-stimulated GLP-1 release. We also propose a combination of BABR and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in the context of GLP-1-based antidiabetic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohkichi Morimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., T.S., J.-i.I., H.I.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Graduate School of Media and Governance (M.W.), Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., T.S., J.-i.I., H.I.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Graduate School of Media and Governance (M.W.), Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Taichi Sugizaki
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., T.S., J.-i.I., H.I.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Graduate School of Media and Governance (M.W.), Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Irie
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., T.S., J.-i.I., H.I.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Graduate School of Media and Governance (M.W.), Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., T.S., J.-i.I., H.I.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Graduate School of Media and Governance (M.W.), Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shih DM, Wang Z, Lee R, Meng Y, Che N, Charugundla S, Qi H, Wu J, Pan C, Brown JM, Vallim T, Bennett BJ, Graham M, Hazen SL, Lusis AJ. Flavin containing monooxygenase 3 exerts broad effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:22-37. [PMID: 25378658 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m051680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed silencing and overexpression studies of flavin containing monooxygenase (FMO) 3 in hyperlipidemic mouse models to examine its effects on trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and atherosclerosis. Knockdown of hepatic FMO3 in LDL receptor knockout mice using an antisense oligonucleotide resulted in decreased circulating TMAO levels and atherosclerosis. Surprisingly, we also observed significant decreases in hepatic lipids and in levels of plasma lipids, ketone bodies, glucose, and insulin. FMO3 overexpression in transgenic mice, on the other hand, increased hepatic and plasma lipids. Global gene expression analyses suggested that these effects of FMO3 on lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis may be mediated through the PPARα and Kruppel-like factor 15 pathways. In vivo and in vitro results were consistent with the concept that the effects were mediated directly by FMO3 rather than trimethylamine/TMAO; in particular, overexpression of FMO3 in the human hepatoma cell line, Hep3B, resulted in significantly increased glucose secretion and lipogenesis. Our results indicate a major role for FMO3 in modulating glucose and lipid homeostasis in vivo, and they suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of FMO3 to reduce TMAO levels would be confounded by metabolic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Shih
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (NC10), Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Yonghong Meng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nam Che
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarada Charugundla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hannah Qi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Judy Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (NC10), Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Thomas Vallim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (NC10), Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA Departments of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Omega-3 phospholipids from fish suppress hepatic steatosis by integrated inhibition of biosynthetic pathways in dietary obese mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:267-78. [PMID: 24295779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) accompanies obesity and insulin resistance. Recent meta-analysis suggested omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and EPA to decrease liver fat in NAFLD patients. Antiinflammatory, hypolipidemic, and insulin-sensitizing effects ofDHA/EPA depend on their lipid form, with marine phospholipids showing better efficacy than fish oils. We characterized the mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of DHA/EPA phospholipids, alone or combined with an antidiabetic drug, on hepatosteatosis. C57BL/6N mice were fed for 7 weeks an obesogenic high-fat diet (cHF) or cHF-based interventions: (i) cHF supplemented with phosphatidylcholine-rich concentrate from herring (replacing 10% of dietary lipids; PC), (ii) cHF containing rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg diet; R), or (iii) PC + R. Metabolic analyses, hepatic gene expression and lipidome profiling were performed. Results showed that PC and PC + R prevented cHlF-induced weight gain and glucose intolerance, while all interventions reduced abdominal fat and plasma triacylglycerols. PC and PC + R also lowered hepatic and plasma cholesterol and reduced hepatosteatosis. Microarray analysis revealed integrated downregulation of hepatic lipogenic and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways by PC, while R-induced lipogenesis was fully counteracted in PC + R Gene expression changes in PC and PC + R were associated with preferential enrichment of hepatic phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions by DHA/EPA. The complex downregulation of hepatic lipogenic and cholesterol biosynthesis genes and the antisteatotic effects were unique to DHA/EPA-containing phospholipids, since they were absent in mice fed soy-derived phosphatidylcholine. Thus, inhibition of lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis associated with potent antisteatotic effects in the liver in response to DHA/EPA-containing phospholipids support their use in NAFLD prevention and treatment.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li L, Liu C, Liu M, Shi L, Liu Q, Guan H, Li P. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid induces apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 706:36-40. [PMID: 23510744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidences have suggested that the paucity of the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) may contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Apoptosis induction of rheumatoid arthritis FLS is therefore suggested as a potential therapeutic approach for rheumatoid arthritis. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid, could favorably ameliorate the progression development and bone destruction of adjuvant arthritis in rat. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible effect of TCDCA on apoptosis induction of adjuvant arthritis FLS and the mechanisms involved in this process. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometric analysis. Gene expression levels and the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were evaluated using real time RT-PCR and luminogenic substrates. The activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was measured by ELISA. The results showed TCDCA significantly enhanced the apoptosis of adjuvant arthritis FLS in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, TCDCA treatment markedly increased the gene expression level and activity of both caspase-3 and caspase-8. It could suppress the DNA-biding activity of NF-κB. We concluded TCDCA represented an apoptotic effect on adjuvant arthritis FLS via the activation of caspase cascade and this process may be mediated by NF-κB signaling pathway. It was suggested that TCDCA may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang C, Li L, Guan H, Tong S, Liu M, Liu C, Zhang Z, Du C, Li P. Effects of taurocholic acid on immunoregulation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:217-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
Simonen M, Dali-Youcef N, Kaminska D, Venesmaa S, Käkelä P, Pääkkönen M, Hallikainen M, Kolehmainen M, Uusitupa M, Moilanen L, Laakso M, Gylling H, Patti ME, Auwerx J, Pihlajamäki J. Conjugated bile acids associate with altered rates of glucose and lipid oxidation after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg 2013; 22:1473-80. [PMID: 22638681 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-012-0673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) induces a more favorable metabolic profile than expected by weight loss alone. In this study, we investigated the effect of RYGB on serum bile acid levels and their relation to clinical outcomes. METHODS We included 30 obese patients who underwent RYGB (BMI = 46.1 ± 5.9 kg/m(2)). Clinical measurements and laboratory determinations were performed before surgery and 1 year after surgery. Fasting serum bile acids were measured by an enzymatic method and individual bile acids were quantified by HLPC-tandem mass spectrometry. Indirect calorimetry was performed to measure the rates of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. RESULTS Fasting total serum bile acid levels increased twofold after RYGB (pre, 3.68 ± 2.03 vs. post, 7.06 ± 9.65 μmol/l, +92 %, p = 0.002). This increase in total bile acids was accompanied by a decrease in conjugated bile acids, which correlated with decreased glucose oxidation (r = 0.571, p = 0.002) and with increased lipid oxidation (r = -0.626, p = 0.0004). The change in taurine-conjugated bile acids correlated with altered DIO2 mRNA expression in adipose tissue (r = -0.498, p = 0.013) potentially linking bile acid conjugation to substrate oxidation through DIO2. CONCLUSIONS Fasting serum bile acid levels increase after RYGB. More specifically, changes in bile acid conjugation after RYGB associate with altered energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Simonen
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zanzoni S, Assfalg M, Giorgetti A, D'Onofrio M, Molinari H. Structural requirements for cooperativity in ileal bile acid-binding proteins. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:39307-17. [PMID: 21917914 PMCID: PMC3234755 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.261099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ileal bile acid-binding proteins (I-BABP), belonging to the family of intracellular lipid-binding proteins, control bile acid trafficking in enterocytes and participate in regulating the homeostasis of these cholesterol-derived metabolites. I-BABP orthologues share the same structural fold and are able to host up to two ligands in their large internal cavities. However variations in the primary sequences determine differences in binding properties such as the degree of binding cooperativity. To investigate the molecular requirements for cooperativity we adopted a gain-of-function approach, exploring the possibility to turn the noncooperative chicken I-BABP (cI-BABP) into a cooperative mutant protein. To this aim we first solved the solution structure of cI-BABP in complex with two molecules of the physiological ligand glycochenodeoxycholate. A comparative structural analysis with closely related members of the same protein family provided the basis to design a double mutant (H99Q/A101S cI-BABP) capable of establishing a cooperative binding mechanism. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of the wild type and mutant complexes and essential dynamics analysis of the trajectories supported the role of the identified amino acid residues as hot spot mediators of communication between binding sites. The emerging picture is consistent with a binding mechanism that can be described as an extended conformational selection model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Zanzoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu M, Mao W, Guan H, Li L, Wei B, Li P. Effects of taurochenodeoxycholic acid on adjuvant arthritis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:2150-8. [PMID: 21983642 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-arthritic effects and potential mechanism of TCDCA on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was used to induce AA in rats. Paw swelling, index of thymus and spleen and body weight growth rate were measured, and polyarthritis index and radiologic changes were observed. The production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 was detected by ELISA in serum and synoviocytes. mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 was determined by real-time RT-PCR in synovium tissue and synoviocytes. In both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment, TCDCA significantly suppressed paw swelling and polyarthritis index, increased the loss body weight and index of thymus and spleen, and amended radiologic changes in AA rats. The overproduction and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were remarkably suppressed in serum and synovium tissue of all TCDCA-treated rats, however, IL-10 was markedly increased in prophylactic treatment. In a definite concentration ranging from 300 μg/mL to 500 μg/mL, TCDCA showed marked inhibition in the overproduction and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in synoviocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, but opposite action on IL-10. In conclusion, treatment with TCDCA confers a good anti-adjuvant arthritis activity in rats, which its reparative effects could be mediated via reduction of the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and augment of IL-10 in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rose AJ, Berriel Díaz M, Reimann A, Klement J, Walcher T, Krones-Herzig A, Strobel O, Werner J, Peters A, Kleyman A, Tuckermann JP, Vegiopoulos A, Herzig S. Molecular control of systemic bile acid homeostasis by the liver glucocorticoid receptor. Cell Metab 2011; 14:123-30. [PMID: 21723510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic bile acid (BA) homeostasis is a critical determinant of dietary fat digestion, enterohepatic function, and postprandial thermogenesis. However, major checkpoints for the dynamics and the molecular regulation of BA homeostasis remain unknown. Here we show that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis impairment in humans and liver-specific deficiency of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in mice disrupts the normal changes in systemic BA distribution during the fasted-to-fed transition. Fasted mice with hepatocyte-specific GR knockdown had smaller gallbladder BA content and were more susceptible to developing cholesterol gallstones when fed a cholesterol-rich diet. Hepatic GR deficiency impaired liver BA uptake/transport via lower expression of the major hepatocyte basolateral BA transporter, Na(+)-taurocholate transport protein (Ntcp/Slc10a1), which affected dietary fat absorption and brown adipose tissue activation. Our results demonstrate a role of the HPA axis in the endocrine regulation of BA homeostasis through the liver GR control of enterohepatic BA recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Rose
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Uimari A, Hyvönen MT, Pirinen E, Alhonen L. Transgenic rodents with altered SSAT expression as models of pancreatitis and altered glucose and lipid metabolism. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 720:143-58. [PMID: 21318871 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-034-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Depletion of pancreatic acinar cell polyamines in response to activation of polyamine catabolism is associated with the development of acute pancreatitis in experimental rodent models. The disease is characterized by general hallmarks seen also in human pancreatitis, such as accumulation of intraperitoneal ascites, acinar cell necrosis, and pancreatic as well as remote organ edema and inflammation. Thus, these animals make useful models for the human disease. Determination of these hallmarks can be used to assess the severity of the disease and to evaluate the efficacy of any therapy applied. The metabolic changes seen in genetically modified mice with either accelerated or inactivated polyamine catabolism have revealed that polyamine catabolism is involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. The simplest method to determine the metabolic phenotype of the animal is to assess the concentrations of blood metabolites. Fasting blood glucose level is an indicator of overall glucose homeostasis, whereas fasting insulin level is a useful marker of insulin sensitivity. A more detailed analysis of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity can be obtained by intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Blood lipid levels mainly reflect triglyceride, free fatty acid, and cholesterol metabolism. Altered blood glucose and/or lipid levels are associated with several diseases, e.g., diabetes, Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, atherosclerosis, pancreatitis, and dysfunction of the liver and kidneys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Uimari
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thomas C, Gioiello A, Noriega L, Strehle A, Oury J, Rizzo G, Macchiarulo A, Yamamoto H, Mataki C, Pruzanski M, Pellicciari R, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K. TGR5-mediated bile acid sensing controls glucose homeostasis. Cell Metab 2009; 10:167-77. [PMID: 19723493 PMCID: PMC2739652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1301] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 06/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TGR5 is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in brown adipose tissue and muscle, where its activation by bile acids triggers an increase in energy expenditure and attenuates diet-induced obesity. Using a combination of pharmacological and genetic gain- and loss-of-function studies in vivo, we show here that TGR5 signaling induces intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) release, leading to improved liver and pancreatic function and enhanced glucose tolerance in obese mice. In addition, we show that the induction of GLP-1 release in enteroendocrine cells by 6alpha-ethyl-23(S)-methyl-cholic acid (EMCA, INT-777), a specific TGR5 agonist, is linked to an increase of the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio and a subsequent rise in intracellular calcium mobilization. Altogether, these data show that the TGR5 signaling pathway is critical in regulating intestinal GLP-1 secretion in vivo, and suggest that pharmacological targeting of TGR5 may constitute a promising incretin-based strategy for the treatment of diabesity and associated metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Thomas
- Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Biddinger SB, Hernandez-Ono A, Rask-Madsen C, Haas JT, Alemán JO, Suzuki R, Scapa EF, Agarwal C, Carey MC, Stephanopoulos G, Cohen DE, King GL, Ginsberg H, Kahn CR. Hepatic insulin resistance is sufficient to produce dyslipidemia and susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2008; 7:125-34. [PMID: 18249172 PMCID: PMC4251554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays a central role in the development of the metabolic syndrome, but how it relates to cardiovascular disease remains controversial. Liver insulin receptor knockout (LIRKO) mice have pure hepatic insulin resistance. On a standard chow diet, LIRKO mice have a proatherogenic lipoprotein profile with reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles that are markedly enriched in cholesterol. This is due to increased secretion and decreased clearance of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, coupled with decreased triglyceride secretion secondary to increased expression of Pgc-1 beta (Ppargc-1b), which promotes VLDL secretion, but decreased expression of Srebp-1c (Srebf1), Srebp-2 (Srebf2), and their targets, the lipogenic enzymes and the LDL receptor. Within 12 weeks on an atherogenic diet, LIRKO mice show marked hypercholesterolemia, and 100% of LIRKO mice, but 0% of controls, develop severe atherosclerosis. Thus, insulin resistance at the level of the liver is sufficient to produce the dyslipidemia and increased risk of atherosclerosis associated with the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudha B. Biddinger
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Christian Rask-Madsen
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel T. Haas
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - José O. Alemán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erez F. Scapa
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chhavi Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin C. Carey
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David E. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George L. King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henry Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|