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Matsui K, Utsumi T, Aoki Y, Maruki T, Takeshima M, Takaesu Y. Human-Comparable Sensitivity of Large Language Models in Identifying Eligible Studies Through Title and Abstract Screening: 3-Layer Strategy Using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 for Systematic Reviews. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e52758. [PMID: 39151163 DOI: 10.2196/52758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The screening process for systematic reviews is resource-intensive. Although previous machine learning solutions have reported reductions in workload, they risked excluding relevant papers. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the performance of a 3-layer screening method using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to streamline the title and abstract-screening process for systematic reviews. Our goal is to develop a screening method that maximizes sensitivity for identifying relevant records. METHODS We conducted screenings on 2 of our previous systematic reviews related to the treatment of bipolar disorder, with 1381 records from the first review and 3146 from the second. Screenings were conducted using GPT-3.5 (gpt-3.5-turbo-0125) and GPT-4 (gpt-4-0125-preview) across three layers: (1) research design, (2) target patients, and (3) interventions and controls. The 3-layer screening was conducted using prompts tailored to each study. During this process, information extraction according to each study's inclusion criteria and optimization for screening were carried out using a GPT-4-based flow without manual adjustments. Records were evaluated at each layer, and those meeting the inclusion criteria at all layers were subsequently judged as included. RESULTS On each layer, both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 were able to process about 110 records per minute, and the total time required for screening the first and second studies was approximately 1 hour and 2 hours, respectively. In the first study, the sensitivities/specificities of the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 were 0.900/0.709 and 0.806/0.996, respectively. Both screenings by GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 judged all 6 records used for the meta-analysis as included. In the second study, the sensitivities/specificities of the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 were 0.958/0.116 and 0.875/0.855, respectively. The sensitivities for the relevant records align with those of human evaluators: 0.867-1.000 for the first study and 0.776-0.979 for the second study. Both screenings by GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 judged all 9 records used for the meta-analysis as included. After accounting for justifiably excluded records by GPT-4, the sensitivities/specificities of the GPT-4 screening were 0.962/0.996 in the first study and 0.943/0.855 in the second study. Further investigation indicated that the cases incorrectly excluded by GPT-3.5 were due to a lack of domain knowledge, while the cases incorrectly excluded by GPT-4 were due to misinterpretations of the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS Our 3-layer screening method with GPT-4 demonstrated acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity that supports its practical application in systematic review screenings. Future research should aim to generalize this approach and explore its effectiveness in diverse settings, both medical and nonmedical, to fully establish its use and operational feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Utsumi
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Aoki
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Maruki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeshima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Takaesu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Jiao J, Chen W. Core health system measures response to COVID-19 among East Asian countries. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1385291. [PMID: 38887248 PMCID: PMC11180828 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1385291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to summarize the health system response to COVID-19 in four East Asian countries, analyze the effectiveness of their health system response, and provide lessons for other countries to control the epidemic and optimize their health system response. Methods This study investigated and summarized COVID-19 data and health system response in four East Asian countries, China, Japan, Mongolia, and South Korea from national governments and ministries of health, WHO country offices, and official websites of international organizations, to assess the effectiveness of health system measures. Result As of June 30, 2022, all four countries are in a declining portion of COVID-19. China has two waves, and new cases increased slowly, with the total cases per million remaining within 4, indicating a low level. Japan has experienced six waves, with case growth at an all-time high, total cases per million of 250.994. Mongolia started the epidemic later, but also experienced four waves, with total cases per million of 632.658, the highest of the four countries. South Korea has seen an increasing number of new cases per wave, with a total case per million of 473.759. Conclusion In containment strategies adopted by China and Mongolia, and mitigation strategies adopted by Japan and South Korea, health systems have played important roles in COVID-19 prevention and control. While promoting vaccination, countries should pay attention to non-pharmaceutical health system measures, as evidenced by: focusing on public information campaigns to lead public minds; strengthening detection capabilities for early detection and identification; using technical ways to participate in contact tracing, and promoting precise judging isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiao
- School of Population and Health, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Yichun Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
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Choo SJ, Chang CT, Chan HK, Abu Hassan MR, Hamdan MH, Cheong AT, Mat Noh FN, Uzma Mustafa NS. Knowledge and attitude towards home quarantine instructions and associations with history of Covid-19 infection in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1311. [PMID: 38745185 PMCID: PMC11094920 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although COVID-19 has entered the endemic phase, individuals infected with COVID-19 are required to adhere to home quarantine measures. By exploring the public's knowledge and attitude towards recommended home quarantine measures, their readiness in containing potential COVID-19 outbreak can be determined. This study aimed to assess the public knowledge and attitude towards home quarantine instructions and their association with history of COVID-19 infections. METHODS This was a web-based cross-sectional study conducted among the public in Malaysia between August to October 2022. All Malaysian adults over 18 years of age were included. Knowledge on home quarantine instructions and COVID-19 warning signs were measured using "True," "False," or "I'm not sure", while attitude towards home quarantine instructions was measured using a five-point Likert Scale. The questionnaire was initially constructed in English and then translated into the national language, Bahasa Malaysia. Face and content validation were performed. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was found to be satisfactory. RESULTS 1,036 respondents were analyzed, comprised mostly of females (743, 71.6%) with a history of COVID-19 (673, 64.9%). In the knowledge domain, more than 80% of the respondents answered 9 out of 11 home quarantine instructions statements correctly. 457 (44.1%) were unaware or unsure about the minimum distance of the infected individual's bed from the rest of the occupants in a shared bedroom. The respondents reported relatively weaker knowledge in identifying uncommon warning signs of COVID-19 deterioration, including anuria (162, 44.5%), ingestion problems (191, 52.5%), and immobility (195, 53.6%). In the attitude domain, more than 90% of respondents answered correctly in 8 out of 9 questions. Respondents with a previous history of COVID-19 infections had better knowledge than COVID-19 infection-naïve individuals towards both home quarantine instructions and COVID-19 warning signs. CONCLUSION Most respondents had good knowledge and attitude towards home quarantine instructions, with those previously infected with COVID-19 showing greater awareness of uncommon warning signs. However, there was a notable lack of awareness regarding physical distancing within shared rooms, appropriate disinfectant use and mobility limitation within the household. This study highlights the knowledge gaps to be improved in future educational campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea Jiun Choo
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Taiping, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Taiping, Malaysia
| | - Chee Tao Chang
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Ipoh, Malaysia.
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - Huan-Keat Chan
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hazmi Hamdan
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Taiping, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Taiping, Malaysia
| | - Ai Ting Cheong
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Taiping, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Taiping, Malaysia
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Juneau CE, Briand AS, Collazzo P, Siebert U, Pueyo T. Effective contact tracing for COVID-19: A systematic review. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 5:100103. [PMID: 36959868 PMCID: PMC9997056 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact tracing is commonly recommended to control outbreaks of COVID-19, but its effectiveness is unclear. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched four databases using a range of terms related to contact tracing effectiveness for COVID-19. We found 343 papers; 32 were included. All were observational or modelling studies. Observational studies (n = 14) provided consistent, very-low certainty evidence that contact tracing (alone or in combination with other interventions) was associated with better control of COVID-19 (e.g. in Hong Kong, only 1084 cases and four deaths were recorded in the first 4.5 months of the pandemic). Modelling studies (n = 18) provided consistent, high-certainty evidence that under assumptions of prompt and thorough tracing with effective quarantines, contact tracing could stop the spread of COVID-19 (e.g. by reducing the reproduction number from 2.2 to 0.57). A cautious interpretation indicates that to stop the spread of COVID-19, public health practitioners have 2-3 days from the time a new case develops symptoms to isolate the case and quarantine at least 80% of its contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Etienne Juneau
- Direction régionale de santé publique, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Sara Briand
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pablo Collazzo
- Danube University Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek-Strasse 30, 3500 Krems, Austria and IEEM Universidad de Montevideo, Lord Ponsonby 2542, 16000 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Uwe Siebert
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria
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Porceban GH, França Filho AF, Ueta RHS, Curto DD, Puertas EB, Tamaoki MJS. ACUTE RADIATING LOW BACK PAIN IMPACT ON ROUTINE AND FUNCTION OF THE BRAZILIAN POPULATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2023; 31:e266200. [PMID: 37876864 PMCID: PMC10592387 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220233105e266200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Acute radiating low back pain is a frequently occurring clinical condition among the population, and it represents a significant portion of urgent care in public health services. Objective Consider the clinical characteristics, demographics, as well as the intensity of the pain, discomfort, and dysfunction of patients who show a clinical diagnosis that is compatible with acute radicular pain, new or reoccurring after an asymptomatic period. Methods Patients that display a clinical diagnosis that is compatible with acute sciatic nerve pain, with the beginning of it starting within three months, without previous history of a similar occurrence, were seen in an orthopedic health clinic from July 2020 to January 2021. Results A total of 42 patients were seen with a compatible diagnosis, which represents 1.4% of all medical visits. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have considered the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with acute radicular pain in the Brazilian population. This study has found a mean value on the disfunction index that is greater than what is suggested by the current literature. Conclusion About 30% of individuals showed functional involvement that was considered crippling, which presented a stronger association with individuals with the presence of motor deficits, intensity of radiating pain, and professional inactivity. Level of Evidence IV, Cross-Sectional Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Henrique Porceban
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Felipe França Filho
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Hiroshi Salvioni Ueta
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David Del Curto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Barros Puertas
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcel Jun Sugawara Tamaoki
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Oussi N, Forsberg E, Dahlberg M, Enochsson L. Tele-mentoring - a way to expand laparoscopic simulator training for medical students over large distances: a prospective randomized pilot study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:749. [PMID: 37817201 PMCID: PMC10566045 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown the clinical benefits of laparoscopic simulator training. Decreasing numbers of operations by surgical residents have further increased the need for surgical simulator training. However, many surgical simulators in Sweden are often insufficiently used or not used at all. Furthermore, large geographical distances make access to curriculum-based surgical simulator training at established simulator centres difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether tele-mentoring (TM) could be well tolerated and improve basic laparoscopic surgical skills of medical students 900 km away from the teacher. METHODS Twenty students completed an informed consent and a pre-experimental questionnaire. The students were randomized into two groups: (1) TM (N = 10), receiving instructor feedback via video-link and (2) control group (CG, N = 10) with lone practice. Initial warm-up occurred in the Simball Box simulator with one Rope Race task followed by five consecutive Rope Race and three Peg Picker tasks. Afterwards, all students completed a second questionnaire. RESULTS The whole group enjoyed the simulator training (prescore 73.3% versus postscore 89.2%, P < 0.0001). With TM, the simulator Rope Race overall score increased (prescore 30.8% versus postscore 43.4%; P = 0.004), and the distance that the laparoscopic instruments moved decreased by 40% (P = 0.015), indicating better precision, whereas in the CG it did not. In Peg Picker, the overall scores increased, whereas total time and distance of the instruments decreased in both groups, indicating better performance and precision. CONCLUSIONS Simulation training was highly appreciated overall. The TM group showed better overall performance with increased precision in what we believe to be the visuospatially more demanding Rope Race tasks compared to the CG. We suggest that surgical simulator tele-mentoring over long distances could be a viable way to both motivate and increase laparoscopic basic skills training in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninos Oussi
- Centre for Clinical Research, Region Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
- Division of Urology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emil Forsberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Division of Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Dahlberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Division of Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, 971 80, Sweden
| | - Lars Enochsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Division of Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Department of Surgery, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, 971 80, Sweden.
- Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Daniore P, Moser A, Höglinger M, Probst Hensch N, Imboden M, Vermes T, Keidel D, Bochud M, Ortega Herrero N, Baggio S, Chocano-Bedoya P, Rodondi N, Tancredi S, Wagner C, Cullati S, Stringhini S, Gonseth Nusslé S, Veys-Takeuchi C, Zuppinger C, Harju E, Michel G, Frank I, Kahlert CR, Albanese E, Crivelli L, Levati S, Amati R, Kaufmann M, Geigges M, Ballouz T, Frei A, Fehr J, von Wyl V. Interplay of Digital Proximity App Use and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Uptake in Switzerland: Analysis of Two Population-Based Cohort Studies. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605812. [PMID: 37799349 PMCID: PMC10549773 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Our study aims to evaluate developments in vaccine uptake and digital proximity tracing app use in a localized context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: We report findings from two population-based longitudinal cohorts in Switzerland from January to December 2021. Failure time analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression models were conducted to assess vaccine uptake and digital proximity tracing app (SwissCovid) uninstalling outcomes. Results: We observed a dichotomy of individuals who did not use the SwissCovid app and did not get vaccinated, and who used the SwissCovid app and got vaccinated during the study period. Increased vaccine uptake was observed with SwissCovid app use (aHR, 1.51; 95% CI: 1.40-1.62 [CI-DFU]; aHR, 1.79; 95% CI: 1.62-1.99 [CSM]) compared to SwissCovid app non-use. Decreased SwissCovid uninstallation risk was observed for participants who got vaccinated (aHR, 0.55; 95% CI: 0.38-0.81 [CI-DFU]; aHR, 0.45; 95% CI: 0.27-0.78 [CSM]) compared to participants who did not get vaccinated. Conclusion: In evolving epidemic contexts, these findings underscore the need for communication strategies as well as flexible digital proximity tracing app adjustments that accommodate different preventive measures and their anticipated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Daniore
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Digital Society Initiative, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Moser
- Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Höglinger
- Winterthur Institute of Health Economics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Vermes
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Keidel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Unisanté, University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Ortega Herrero
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Baggio
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Chocano-Bedoya
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Tancredi
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Wagner
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Semira Gonseth Nusslé
- Unisanté, University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Claire Zuppinger
- Unisanté, University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erika Harju
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Clinical Trial Unit, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
- School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Gisela Michel
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Irène Frank
- Clinical Trial Unit, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Christian R. Kahlert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Albanese
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Luca Crivelli
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Sara Levati
- Department Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Amati
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Kaufmann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Geigges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tala Ballouz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Frei
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Fehr
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Disease and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viktor von Wyl
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Digital Society Initiative, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Disease and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lederman Z. Loneliness at the age of COVID-19. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2023; 49:649-654. [PMID: 36600628 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2022-108540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness has been a major concern for philosophers, poets and psychologists for centuries. In the past several decades, it has concerned clinicians and public health practitioners as well. The research on loneliness is urgent for several reasons. First, loneliness has been and still is extremely ubiquitous, potentially affecting people across multiple demographics and geographical areas. Second, it is philosophically intriguing, and its analysis delves into different branches of philosophy including phenomenology, existentialism, philosophy of mind, etc. Third, empirical research has shown that loneliness is a significant health risk factor. Loneliness may thus be defined as a (negative) social determinant of health.Having that said, COVID-19 has demonstrated how little we as members of humanity have been prepared to face the loneliness resulting from the global response to the virus. As people worldwide are literally dying from loneliness, we still do not know what makes one feel lonely while making another feel being in solitude, or how is it that one feels lonely in the heart of London.In this essay, I first review loneliness in general and specifically in the context of COVID-19. I then argue that loneliness should be understood as a social determinant of health. Lastly, I argue that individuals have a right not to be lonely. Such right stems in turn from the right to healthcare or even a right to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Lederman
- Medical Ethics and Humanities Unit, LKS Medical Faculty, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- International Center of Health, Law, and Ethics, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Paulo MS, Peyroteo M, Maia MR, Pries C, Habl C, Lapão LV. Impacts of public health and social measures on COVID-19 in Europe: a review and modified Delphi technique. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1226922. [PMID: 37719729 PMCID: PMC10501783 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1226922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 led countries to implement a set of public health and social measures (PHSMs) attempting to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study aims to review the existing literature regarding key results of the PHSMs that were implemented, and to identify the PHSMs considered to have most impacted the epidemiological curve of COVID-19 over the last years during different stages of the pandemic. Methods The PHSM under study were selected from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT), supplemented by topics presented during the Rapid Exchange Forum (REF) meetings in the scope of the Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI) project (H2020). The evidence- based review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to identify which reviews have already been published about each PHSMs and their results. In addition, two modified Delphi panel surveys were conducted among subject matter experts from 30 European countries to uphold the results found. Results There were 3,212 studies retrieved from PubMed, 162 full texts assessed for eligibility and 35 included in this PHSMs summary. The measures with clearest evidence on their positive impact from the evidence-based review include social distancing, hygiene measures, mask measures and testing policies. From the modified Delphi panel, the PHSMs considered most significant in the four periods analyzed were case isolation at home, face coverings, testing policy, and social distancing, respectively. Discussion The evidence found has significant implications for both researchers and policymakers. The study of PHSMs' impact on COVID-19 illustrates lessons learned for future pan- and epidemics, serving as a contribution to the health systems resilience discussion. These lessons, drawn from both the available scientific evidence and the perspectives of relevant subject matter experts, should also be considered in educational and preparedness programs and activities in the public health space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Silva Paulo
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariana Peyroteo
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- LASI, Laboratório Associado de Sistemas Inteligentes, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mélanie R. Maia
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- LASI, Laboratório Associado de Sistemas Inteligentes, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cara Pries
- Gesundheit Österreich GmbH (Austrian National Public Health Institute), Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Habl
- Gesundheit Österreich GmbH (Austrian National Public Health Institute), Vienna, Austria
| | - Luís Velez Lapão
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- LASI, Laboratório Associado de Sistemas Inteligentes, Guimarães, Portugal
- WHO Collaborating Center for Health Workforce Policy and Planning, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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10
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Ge Y, Wu X, Zhang W, Wang X, Zhang D, Wang J, Liu H, Ren Z, Ruktanonchai NW, Ruktanonchai CW, Cleary E, Yao Y, Wesolowski A, Cummings DAT, Li Z, Tatem AJ, Lai S. Effects of public-health measures for zeroing out different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5270. [PMID: 37644012 PMCID: PMC10465600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted public health interventions for an emerging epidemic are essential for preventing pandemics. During 2020-2022, China invested significant efforts in strict zero-COVID measures to contain outbreaks of varying scales caused by different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Based on a multi-year empirical dataset containing 131 outbreaks observed in China from April 2020 to May 2022 and simulated scenarios, we ranked the relative intervention effectiveness by their reduction in instantaneous reproduction number. We found that, overall, social distancing measures (38% reduction, 95% prediction interval 31-45%), face masks (30%, 17-42%) and close contact tracing (28%, 24-31%) were most effective. Contact tracing was crucial in containing outbreaks during the initial phases, while social distancing measures became increasingly prominent as the spread persisted. In addition, infections with higher transmissibility and a shorter latent period posed more challenges for these measures. Our findings provide quantitative evidence on the effects of public-health measures for zeroing out emerging contagions in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xilin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Die Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Marine Data Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhoupeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Eimear Cleary
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Yongcheng Yao
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Amy Wesolowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek A T Cummings
- Department of Biology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhongjie Li
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew J Tatem
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shengjie Lai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Brugnaro BH, Fernandes G, Vieira FN, Pavão SL, Rocha NACF. Following 4 months of social distancing during COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil did not change aspects of functioning in children and adolescents with developmental disabilities: A longitudinal study. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2023:17446295231184117. [PMID: 37328257 DOI: 10.1177/17446295231184117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its demands of social distancing have created challenges in the lives of children/adolescents with developmental disabilities and their families, which would change aspects of children's functioning. The objetive of this study was to evaluate changes in some components of functioning of children/adolescents with disabilities following 4 months of social distancing during a period of high contamination rate in the year 2020 in Brazil. Participated 81 mothers of children/adolescents with disabilities, 3-17 years, most of them (80%) diagnosed with Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder. Remote assessments of functioning' aspects including IPAQ, YC-PEM/ PEM-C, Social Support Scale and PedsQL V.4.0. Wilcoxon tests compared the measures, with significance level <0.05. No significant changes in participant's functioning were identified. Social adjustments required to facing the pandemic during two points in time in the midst of the pandemic did not change the evaluated aspects of functioning in our sample of Brazilian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Helena Brugnaro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Child Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gesica Fernandes
- Department of Physical Therapy, Child Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Nascimento Vieira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Child Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Letícia Pavão
- Departament of Prevention and Rehabilitation in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira Rocha
- Department of Physical Therapy, Child Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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12
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Kliem S, von Thadden A, Lohmann A, Kröger C, Baier D. The Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence in Germany: A Comparison of Three Representative Population Surveys. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:7296-7314. [PMID: 36636865 PMCID: PMC9849116 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221143194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound societal and economic effects. Concerns were raised that domestic violence might increase because of the enacted infection control measures. Previous findings on this issue have been contradictory. Since existing studies mainly rely on official reports, administrative data, helpline calls, or retrospective measures, their findings are likely to prove unreliable. Few population-based surveys include pre-pandemic data, limiting their ability to test for causality regarding increasing violence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare findings from population-representative surveys on the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and violence against children (VAC) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the data of N = 3,639 individuals living with a romantic partner and N = 1,313 parents living with at least one of their children from three German representative population surveys, we estimated average marginal effects for the temporal trends (i.e., pre vs. post infection control measures) of domestic violence separately for males and females. To minimize bias across survey waves, inverse probability weighting was used. Results show no statistically significant increase in either physical or psychological forms of IPV or VAC as a result of the implementation of COVID measures. On the contrary, the 1-year prevalence was decreasing for certain forms of violence. Our findings suggest that the assessment of the consequences of infection control measures needs an empirical basis. Further research should be conducted using high-quality data sources. Therefore, the present study should be considered a stepping stone for ongoing research efforts to examine the consequences of pandemic-related infection control measures on the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Kliem
- University of Applied Science, Jena,
Germany
- Sören Kliem, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena,
University of Applied Science, Carl-Zeiss Promenade 2, Jena 07745, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Dirk Baier
- ZHAW Zurich University of Applied
Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Huang Y, Zhang H, Peng Z, Fang M. To what extent do young chinese elites comply with COVID-19 prevention and control measures? BMC Public Health 2023; 23:751. [PMID: 37095465 PMCID: PMC10123550 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is vital for individuals to comply with the government's prevention and control measures. This study aims to explore determinants of college students' compliance behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study conducted an online survey among 3,122 individuals aged 18 and above from March to November 2022 in China. Individuals' compliance behaviour was divided into protective behaviour (that includes wearing a mask, maintaining a physical distance, and getting vaccinated) and restrictive behaviour (that includes offering health codes and a nucleic acid test certificate). Individuals' compliance motivation was divided into calculated motivation (including the fear of being infected, the fear of being published, and previous experience of pandemic prevention) and normative motivation (including the sense of social responsibility and trust in government). We defined young people aged between 18 and 24 with a college degree as young elites, and constructed ordinary least squares linear regression to compare their compliance behaviour with young people without a college degree (young non-elites), and non-young people with a college degree (non-young elites). RESULTS Almost three years after the outbreak of the pandemic, Chinese individuals retained a high degree of compliance with COVID-19 prevention and control policies, particularly with respect to the provision of health codes. Young elites were more compliant with getting vaccinated, wearing a mask, providing health codes and testing results than their counterparts. The sense of social responsibility and trust in government were the major drivers of young elites' compliance behaviour during the pandemic. Young elites who were male, had a rural "hukou", and were not a member of the China Communist Party were more compliant with COVID-19 prevention and control measures. CONCLUSION This study found that young elites in China had high policy compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic. These young elites' compliance behaviour was driven by their sense of social responsibility and trust in government rather than the fear of being infected and the fear of being punished as a result of violating the regulations. We suggest that in the context of managing health crises, in stead of introducing punitive measures to enforce citizens to comply with the management measures, promoting citizens' sense of social responsibility and building a trusting relationship with citizens contrite to the enhancement of citizens' policy compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zixuan Peng
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, 4th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M6, Canada
| | - Min Fang
- School of Public Administration, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Biggs AT, Littlejohn LF. How Asymptomatic Transmission Influences Mitigation and Suppression Strategies during a Pandemic. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:649-659. [PMID: 33938019 PMCID: PMC8242667 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Asymptomatic transmission complicates any public health strategies to combat a pandemic, which proved especially accurate in the case of COVID-19. Although asymptomatic cases are not unique to COVID-19, the high asymptomatic case rate raised many problems for developing effective public health interventions. The current modeling effort explored how asymptomatic transmission might impact pandemic responses in four key areas: isolation procedures, changes in reproduction rate, the potential for reduced transmission from asymptomatic cases, and social adherence to public health measures. A high rate of asymptomatic cases effectively requires large-scale public health suppression and mitigation procedures given that quarantine procedures alone could not prevent an outbreak for a virus such as SARS-CoV-2. This problem only becomes worse without lowering the effective reproduction rate, and even assuming the potential for reduced transmission, any virus with a high degree of asymptomatic transmission will likely produce a pandemic. Finally, there is a concern that asymptomatic individuals will also refuse to adhere to public health guidance. Analyses indicate that, given certain assumptions, even half of the population adhering to public health guidance could reduce the peak and flatten the curve by over 90%. Taken together, these analyses highlight the importance of taking asymptomatic cases into account when modeling viral spread and developing public health intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Biggs
- Force Medical DepartmentNaval Special Warfare CommandCoronadoCAUSA
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15
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Hume S, Brown SR, Mahtani KR. School closures during COVID-19: an overview of systematic reviews. BMJ Evid Based Med 2023; 28:164-174. [PMID: 37001966 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2022-112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the benefits and drawbacks of school closures and in-school mitigations during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Overview of systematic reviews (SRs). SEARCH METHODS We searched six databases and additional resources on 29 July 2022: MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, COVID-END inventory of evidence synthesis, and Epistemonikos. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We selected SRs written in English that answered at least one of four specific questions concerning the efficacy and drawbacks of school closures. Their primary studies were conducted in primary and secondary schools, including pupils aged 5-18. Interventions included school closures or mitigations (such as mask usage) introduced in schools. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used AMSTAR 2 to assess confidence in the included SRs, and GRADE was used to assess certainty of evidence. We performed a narrative synthesis of the results, prioritising higher-quality SRs, those which performed GRADE assessments and those with more unique primary studies. We also assessed the overlap between primary studies included in the SRs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Our framework for summarising outcome data was guided by the following questions: (1) What is the impact of school closures on COVID-19 transmission, morbidity or mortality in the community? (2) What is the impact of COVID-19 school closures on mental health (eg, anxiety), physical health (eg, obesity, domestic violence, sleep) and learning/achievement of primary and secondary pupils? (3) What is the impact of mitigations in schools on COVID-19 transmission, morbidity or mortality in the community? and (4) What is the impact of COVID-19 mitigations in schools on mental health, physical health and learning/achievement of primary and secondary pupils? RESULTS We identified 578 reports, 26 of which were included. One SR was of high confidence, 0 moderate, 10 low and 15 critically low confidence. We identified 132 unique primary studies on the effects of school closures on transmission/morbidity/mortality, 123 on learning, 164 on mental health, 22 on physical health, 16 on sleep, 7 on domestic violence and 69 on effects of in-school mitigations on transmission/morbidity/mortality.Both school closures and in-school mitigations were associated with reduced COVID-19 transmission, morbidity and mortality in the community. School closures were also associated with reduced learning, increased anxiety and increased obesity in pupils. We found no SRs that assessed potential drawbacks of in-school mitigations on pupils. The certainty of evidence according to GRADE was mostly very low. CONCLUSIONS School closures during COVID-19 had both positive and negative impacts. We found a large number of SRs and primary studies. However, confidence in the SRs was mostly low to very low, and the certainty of evidence was also mostly very low. We found no SRs assessing the potential drawbacks of in-school mitigations on children, which could be addressed moving forward. This overview provides evidence that could inform policy makers on school closures during future potential waves of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hume
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kamal Ram Mahtani
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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16
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Pozo-Martin F, Beltran Sanchez MA, Müller SA, Diaconu V, Weil K, El Bcheraoui C. Comparative effectiveness of contact tracing interventions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:243-266. [PMID: 36795349 PMCID: PMC9932408 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-00963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Contact tracing is a non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) widely used in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Its effectiveness may depend on a number of factors including the proportion of contacts traced, delays in tracing, the mode of contact tracing (e.g. forward, backward or bidirectional contact training), the types of contacts who are traced (e.g. contacts of index cases or contacts of contacts of index cases), or the setting where contacts are traced (e.g. the household or the workplace). We performed a systematic review of the evidence regarding the comparative effectiveness of contact tracing interventions. 78 studies were included in the review, 12 observational (ten ecological studies, one retrospective cohort study and one pre-post study with two patient cohorts) and 66 mathematical modelling studies. Based on the results from six of the 12 observational studies, contact tracing can be effective at controlling COVID-19. Two high quality ecological studies showed the incremental effectiveness of adding digital contact tracing to manual contact tracing. One ecological study of intermediate quality showed that increases in contact tracing were associated with a drop in COVID-19 mortality, and a pre-post study of acceptable quality showed that prompt contact tracing of contacts of COVID-19 case clusters / symptomatic individuals led to a reduction in the reproduction number R. Within the seven observational studies exploring the effectiveness of contact tracing in the context of the implementation of other non-pharmaceutical interventions, contact tracing was found to have an effect on COVID-19 epidemic control in two studies and not in the remaining five studies. However, a limitation in many of these studies is the lack of description of the extent of implementation of contact tracing interventions. Based on the results from the mathematical modelling studies, we identified the following highly effective policies: (1) manual contact tracing with high tracing coverage and either medium-term immunity, highly efficacious isolation/quarantine and/ or physical distancing (2) hybrid manual and digital contact tracing with high app adoption with highly effective isolation/ quarantine and social distancing, (3) secondary contact tracing, (4) eliminating contact tracing delays, (5) bidirectional contact tracing, (6) contact tracing with high coverage in reopening educational institutions. We also highlighted the role of social distancing to enhance the effectiveness of some of these interventions in the context of 2020 lockdown reopening. While limited, the evidence from observational studies shows a role for manual and digital contact tracing in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic. More empirical studies accounting for the extent of contact tracing implementation are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pozo-Martin
- Evidence-based Public Health Unit, Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Sophie Alice Müller
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viorela Diaconu
- Evidence-based Public Health Unit, Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kilian Weil
- Evidence-based Public Health Unit, Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charbel El Bcheraoui
- Evidence-based Public Health Unit, Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Ostolin TLVDP, Miranda RADR, Abdala CVM. [Evidence map on post-acute COVID-19 sequelae and rehabilitation: Update as of July 2022Mapa de evidencia sobre las secuelas y la rehabilitación tras la COVID-19 aguda: versión actualizada en julio del 2022]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e30. [PMID: 36788961 PMCID: PMC9910559 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To update the evidence map on the effects of interventions for post-acute COVID-19 rehabilitation. Method The search scope was defined according to the population (patients with symptomatic COVID-19 and post-acute COVID sequelae), the context (interventions for rehabilitation), and the type of study (systematic reviews, rapid reviews, scoping reviews or overviews of reviews). Following a search in PubMed and the Virtual Health Library, two independent authors selected the articles for review. The map was updated on July 27, 2022, using the same procedures employed in the initial review. Results The initial evidence map included 22 studies (four systematic reviews, four rapid reviews, four reviews of case reports, one scoping review, and nine systematic review protocols). In the present update, an additional 10 studies were included. The analysis revealed four groups of interventions (multimodal, therapeutic, complementary, and pharmacological) and seven groups of outcomes (pathological conditions, diseases/respiratory disorders, pain, physiological and metabolic markers, mental health/quality of life, sensory function, and mortality), totaling 166 associations between interventions and outcomes. The highest number of associations was observed for complementary therapies (n = 94). Among the outcomes, the highest number of associations was observed for physiological and metabolic markers, pathological conditions, and mental health/quality of life (44, 41, and 35 associations respectively). Conclusions The map update involved the analysis of 69 associations, most notably exercise (isolated, multicomponent, or multimodal intervention), with 23 positive and four potentially positive effects) and pharmacologic and complementary therapies for sensorial functions (15 associations). The high number of systematic review protocols indicates that the literature is still incipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatiane Lopes Valentim Di Paschoale Ostolin
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Departamento de Ciências do Movimento HumanoLaboratório de Epidemiologia e Movimento Humano (EPIMOV)São Paulo (SP)BrasilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de Ciências do Movimento Humano, Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Movimento Humano (EPIMOV), São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,
| | - Rafael Abe da Rocha Miranda
- Universidade de Brasília (UNB)Departamento de FarmáciaBrasília (DF)BrasilUniversidade de Brasília (UNB), Departamento de Farmácia, Brasília (DF), Brasil.
| | - Carmen Verônica Mendes Abdala
- Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME/OPAS/OMS)São Paulo (SP)BrasilCentro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME/OPAS/OMS), São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
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18
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Gómez-González MDP, Chávez-Díaz A, Sierra-Macías A. [COVID-19 and its socio-cultural imagery in Latin America: a tool for public health]. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2023; 22:393-399. [PMID: 36753237 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v22n4.87515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify the content and organization of social representations (SR) against COVID-19 in urban population of three cities in Latin America, 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS Qualitative study from cognitive anthropology through the structural analysis of SR. Free listing and pair comparison techniques were used from February-April 2020, in Pereira (Colombia), Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (ZMG)-(Mexico), León (Mexico). 97 participants were included in the first phase and 71 in the second phase, of both sexes, of legal age, whose occupation and profession had no relation to the health area; non-probability-purposeful sampling was performed. RESULTS The socio-cultural imaginary is associated with terms such as contagion, pandemic, but highlighting the terms related to disease prevention. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge of the population about COVID-19 privileges clinical and epidemiological aspects, as well as containment and mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Pilar Gómez-González
- MG: Optómetra. Esp. Epidemiología. M.Sc. Epidemiología. Ph.D. Ciencias de la Salud Pública. Docente, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina. Pereira, Colombia.
| | - Alexis Chávez-Díaz
- AC: MD. Partero. Ph.D. Ciencias de la Salud Pública. Médico General A, Secretaria de Salud, Jalisco. Docente, Centro Universitario de Tonalá. Universidad de Guadalajara. Secretaria de Salud Jalisco. Guadalajara, México. alexis
| | - Alejandra Sierra-Macías
- AS: Lic. Enfermería y Obstetricia. Ph.D. Ciencias de la Salud Pública. Docente, División de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Guanajuato. León, México.
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19
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Morales-Vives F, Ferrando PJ, Dueñas JM, Martín-Arbós S, Varea MD, Castarlenas E. Are older teens more frustrated than younger teens by the covid-19 restrictions? The role of psychological maturity, personality traits, depression and life satisfaction. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-13. [PMID: 36747915 PMCID: PMC9891900 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown the negative impact of lockdowns on adolescents, but there is less evidence on how they are affected by other stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, and, especially, whether there are any differences between early and late adolescence. The current study focuses on the frustration felt by adolescents because of the severe COVID-19 restrictions in a non-lockdown situation. We aimed to (a) assess the role of maturity and two personality traits (emotional stability and extraversion) in predicting their frustration, and (b) compare the levels of frustration, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction in older and younger adolescents. The sample of older adolescents was also compared with a paired sample of the same age collected in 2018, before the pandemic. The results suggest that maturity, extraversion and emotional stability are predictors of frustration in both older and younger adolescents, although older adolescents reported higher levels of frustration and depressive symptoms, and lower levels of life satisfaction. Older adolescents also reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than adolescents of the same age before the pandemic. These results show the negative impact of the pandemic, especially on older adolescents, and the important role of maturity and some personality traits in predicting their frustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Morales-Vives
- Psychology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pere J. Ferrando
- Psychology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jorge-M. Dueñas
- Psychology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - M. Dolores Varea
- Pedagogy Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elena Castarlenas
- Psychology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
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20
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Sicsic J, Blondel S, Chyderiotis S, Langot F, Mueller JE. Preferences for COVID-19 epidemic control measures among French adults: a discrete choice experiment. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2023; 24:81-98. [PMID: 35305178 PMCID: PMC8934018 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01454-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this stated preferences study, we describe for the first time French citizens' preferences for various epidemic control measures, to inform longer-term strategies and future epidemics. We used a discrete choice experiment in a representative sample of 908 adults in November 2020 (before vaccination was available) to quantify the trade-off they were willing to make between restrictions on the social, cultural, and economic life, school closing, targeted lockdown of high-incidence areas, constraints to directly protect vulnerable persons (e.g., self-isolation), and measures to overcome the risk of hospital overload. The estimation of mixed logit models with correlated random effects shows that some trade-offs exist to avoid overload of hospitals and intensive care units, at the expense of stricter control measures with the potential to reduce individuals' welfare. The willingness to accept restrictions was shared to a large extent across subgroups according to age, gender, education, vulnerability to the COVID-19 epidemic, and other socio-demographic or economic variables. However, individuals who felt at greater risk from COVID-19, and individuals expressing high confidence in the governmental management of the health and economic crisis, more easily accepted all these restrictions. Finally, we compared the welfare impact of alternative strategies combining different epidemic control measures. Our results suggest that policies close to a targeted lockdown or with medically prescribed self-isolation were those satisfying the largest share of the population and achieving high gain in average welfare, while average welfare was maximized by the combination of all highly restrictive measures. This illustrates the difficulty in making preference-based decisions on restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sicsic
- Université Paris Cité, LIRAES F-75006, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Serge Blondel
- Université Paris Cité, LIRAES F-75006, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Université d’Angers, GRANEM, SFR Confluences, F-49000 Angers, France
| | | | - François Langot
- Le Mans Université (GAINS-TEPP and IRA), IUF, PSE, Cepremap, Le Mans, France
- IZA, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith E. Mueller
- EHESP French School of Public Health, Rennes and Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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21
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Gu Y, Kato H, Matsushita D. Relationship between Health Status and Daily Activities Based on Housing Type among Suburban Residents during COVID-19 Self-Isolation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2639. [PMID: 36768004 PMCID: PMC9914989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 significantly impacted residents' health status and daily activities in suburban residential areas. This study elucidated the relationship between health scores, daily activities, and housing types. The method was a questionnaire survey of 378 residents of suburban residential estates in Teraikedai, Kongo District, Japan, during the COVID-19 self-isolation period. Since the survey cohort was New Town, the suburban residential area identified by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism was targeted. The questions included participant demographics, the Basic Survey on Japanese Social Life, and the SF-12v2. The Tukey-Kramer HSD test and stepwise decreasing logistic regression were used for the statistical analysis of the responses. The COVID-19 self-isolation led to lower physical and mental health scores than usual, and the health scores of residents living in detached houses were better than those of residents in apartments, both those over the age of 65 and those under the age of 65. There was also a correlation between residents' daily activities and their health scores. For those aged under 65 years, the health scores of residents living in detached houses were significantly better than those living in apartments, indicating that daily activities such as sports and recreational hobbies may contribute to health scores.
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22
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Ju YJ, Kim W, Lee SY. Perceived social support and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationally-representative study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:47-55. [PMID: 35102767 PMCID: PMC9936177 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211066737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated containment policies have led to negative mental health consequences in the general population. AIMS This study investigated the association between perceived social support and depressive symptoms in Korea. METHODS Data from the Korea Community Health Survey conducted from August to November 2020 was used for this cross-sectional study. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and perceived social support was assessed based on the number of contacts that participants had identified as being available in case participants needed isolation due to COVID-19 exposure. This study included the general adult populations aged 19 years and older. The relationship between the perceived social support and depressive symptoms was analyzed using multivariable liner regression analysis. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on income. RESULTS Analysis of the data obtained from 225,453 participants indicated that PHQ-9 scores were highest in the group with 'no' perceived social support, followed by 'low', 'middle', and 'high' perceived levels of social support. Compared to individuals with 'high' perceived social support, those with 'middle' (β: .10, p-value <.001), 'low (β: .07, p-value .010), and 'no' (β: .34, p-value <.001) perceived levels of social support showed poorer depression scores. The magnitude of the relationship found was particularly strong in the low-income group. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals' depression scores varied according to their perceived level of social support. Strategies that address the need of vulnerable individuals are required to reduce the potentially negative mental health consequences of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Jun Ju
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Woorim Kim
- Division of Cancer Control & Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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23
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Xia Y, Wang Q, Shi L, Shi Z, Chang J, Xu R, Miao H, Wang D. Prevalence and risk factors of COVID-19-related generalized anxiety disorder among the general public in China: a cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14720. [PMID: 36691480 PMCID: PMC9864122 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and identify its associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population in China from March 16 to April 2, 2020. The participants were recruited using stratified random sampling. Data on demographic characteristics and COVID-19 related factors were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. The anxiety score was measured based on the Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7). Results The study comprised 10,824 participants, of which 37.69% had symptoms of anxiety. The risk factors for anxiety symptoms included poor self-reported health (OR = 1.672, p < 0.001), chronic diseases (OR = 1.389, p < 0.001), and quarantine (OR = 1.365, p < 0.001), while participants' perceptions that COVID-19 would be controlled was a protective factor (OR = 0.774, p < 0.001). The interactions between quarantine and self-reported health (p < 0.001), as well as between perceptions of COVID-19 and self-reported health (p < 0.001) were found to have a significant effect on GAD-7 scores. Conclusions Self-reported health status, chronic diseases, quarantine, and perceptions of COVID-19 were significantly associated with GAD-7 scores, indicating that mental health interventions are urgently needed during pandemics, especially for high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lushaobo Shi
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zengping Shi
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghui Chang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Richard Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China,Center for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huazhang Miao
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Public Health Service System Construction Research Foundation of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Public Health Policy Research and Evaluation Key Laboratory Project of the Philosophy and Social Sciences of Guangdong College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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24
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
The suicide rate has increased during the pandemic in India. Moreover, several studies, especially press-media reporting suicide studies have been conducted but no systematic review has been attempted in this context. Therefore, the present study systematically investigated the risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors, and the method of suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.
Methods
Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed to include papers published up until September 30, 2022. From an initial 144 papers, 18 studies which met the inclusion criteria were included in the present review. The Pierson’s method was used for quality assessment of the included studies in the present review.
Results
The risk factors associated with suicide comprised: (i) socio-demographic factors (e.g., being aged between 31 and 50 years, male, married, unemployed), (ii) behavior and health-related factors (e.g., unavailability of alcohol and alcohol withdrawal symptoms, poor state of physical health and health issues, family disputes, relationship complexities, and sexual harassment), (iii) COVID-19-related factors (e.g., fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 test results, quarantine or isolation, financial hardship due to the pandemic, having influenza-like symptoms, experiencing stigmatization and ostracism despite testing negative, separation from family due to transport restrictions, misinterpreting other illness symptoms as COVID-19, saving the village from infection, watching COVID-19 videos on social media, online schooling, perceived stigma toward COVID-19, and being suspected of having COVID-19), and (iv) psychopathological stressors (depression, loneliness, stress, TikTok addiction, and poor mental health, suicidal tendencies, helplessness, and worrying). Hanging was the most common method of suicide. In addition, jumping from high buildings, poisoning, drowning, burning, cutting or slitting throat or wrists, self-immolation, medication overdose, electrocution, pesticide, and gun-shot were also used to carry out the suicide.
Conclusions
Findings from this research suggest multiple reasons for suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic and knowledge of such factors could aid in developing suicide prevention strategies focusing the most vulnerable cohorts inside and outside India.
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Fadda M, Melotto M, Caiata-Zufferey M, Puhan MA, Frei A, Albanese E, Camerini AL. Joys or Sorrows of Parenting During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Scoping Review. Public Health Rev 2023; 43:1605263. [PMID: 36686329 PMCID: PMC9845277 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2022.1605263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this scoping review was to map out the existing evidence of the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on parents of children and adolescents. We sought to: 1) identify parenting domains that were particularly affected by lockdown measures, 2) describe the challenges and opportunities of lockdown measures in these domains, and 3) define protective and exacerbating factors modulating the effect of lockdown measures on parents. Methods: We identified five main domains investigated in the context of parenting during the early COVID-19 lockdown derived from 84 studies: health and wellbeing, parental role, couple functioning, family and social relationships, and paid and unpaid work. For each domain, we listed challenges and opportunities, as well as discriminant factors. Results: The lockdown impacted all five different but interconnected domains, introduced new roles in parents' lives, and particularly affected women and vulnerable populations. Conclusion: This scoping review highlights the importance of approaching public health policymaking from a social justice perspective. Such an approach argues for social and public health policies to promote health accounting for its social, economic, political, and commercial determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fadda
- Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Marta Fadda,
| | - Matilde Melotto
- Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maria Caiata-Zufferey
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Manno, Switzerland
| | - Milo Alan Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Frei
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Albanese
- Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Linda Camerini
- Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
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26
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Danilevska N, Kurylo V, Tkachenko O, Podsevakhina S, Chabanna O. Inducing situations and pathogenetic chains of health deterioration in combatants in the context of COVID-19 and quarantine. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
<b>Introduction: </b>The purpose of the study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic and the ensuing health problems associated with quarantine.<br />
<b>Methods: </b>All combatants who were hospitalized during the first and most severe quarantine restrictions in Ukraine (from 12 March 2020 to 22 May 2020) were surveyed. Through clinical, anamnestic, psychopathological, and psychodiagnostic examination, including psychoanalysis and the fear of COVID-19 scale, the authors identified combatants’ health disorders and their association with pandemic and quarantine-related experiences.<br />
<b>Results: </b>The authors found that the following situations could provoke deterioration in the health of combatants due to fear: contact with a patient with COVID-19, planned posting to the hotbed of COVID-19, military service in the area of high risk of contact with patients with COVID-19, receiving information about COVID-19, receiving false information about COVID-19, disruption of critical infrastructure due to quarantine measures.the authorshave provided an algorithm by which these traumatic situations provoke the development of health disorders. In particular, they cause fear of social and work stigmatization due to infection with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), fear of suffering or death during COVID-19, ear that family members will become infected, erroneous conclusions about someone deliberately exaggerating the dangers of COVID-19, feeling of injustice and incorrectness of the quarantine measures, household discomfort and organizational stress. These experiences change the subjective picture of the future of combatants, and this provokes the development or exacerbation of pre-existing mental and somatic disorders. The impact of information on COVID-19 on combatant health disorders was investigated.<br />
<b>Conclusions: </b>The authors believe that this knowledge will help to develop special psychoprophylactic approaches that would prevent the development of mental and somatic disorders due to the COVID-19 pandemic and improve the quality of quarantine measures. It will also allow measures to be taken to prevent a reduction in the army’s combat effectiveness through a pandemic and quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Danilevska
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, General and Medical Psychology, Narcology and Sexology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, UKRAINE
| | - Vitalii Kurylo
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, General and Medical Psychology, Narcology and Sexology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, UKRAINE
| | - Olha Tkachenko
- Department of Therapy and Endocrinology, Zaporizhzhia Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporizhzhia, UKRAINE
| | - Svitlana Podsevakhina
- Department of Therapy and Endocrinology, Zaporizhzhia Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporizhzhia, UKRAINE
| | - Olena Chabanna
- Department of Therapy and Endocrinology, Zaporizhzhia Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporizhzhia, UKRAINE
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Chen P, Zhang L, Sha S, Lam MI, Lok KI, Chow IHI, Si TL, Su Z, Cheung T, Feng Y, Jackson T, Xiang YT. Prevalence of insomnia and its association with quality of life among Macau residents shortly after the summer 2022 COVID-19 outbreak: A network analysis perspective. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1113122. [PMID: 36873201 PMCID: PMC9978518 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1113122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The latest wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Macau began on 18 June 2022 and was more serious than previous waves. Ensuing disruption from the wave is likely to have had a variety of negative mental health consequences for Macau residents including increased risk for insomnia. This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of insomnia among Macau residents during this wave as well as its association with quality of life (QoL) from a network analysis perspective. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between 26 July and 9 September 2022. Univariate and multivariate analyses explored correlates of insomnia. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) examined the relationship between insomnia and QoL. Network analysis assessed the structure of insomnia including "Expected influence" to identify central symptoms in the network, and the flow function to identify specific symptoms that were directly associated with QoL. Network stability was examined using a case-dropping bootstrap procedure. RESULTS A total of 1,008 Macau residents were included in this study. The overall prevalence of insomnia was 49.0% (n = 494; 95% CI = 45.9-52.1%). A binary logistic regression analysis indicated people with insomnia were more likely to report depression (OR = 1.237; P < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.119; P < 0.001), as well as being quarantined during the COVID-19 pandemic (OR = 1.172; P = 0.034). An ANCOVA found people with insomnia had lower QoL (F(1,1,008) = 17.45, P < 0.001). "Sleep maintenance" (ISI2), "Distress caused by the sleep difficulties" (ISI7) and "Interference with daytime functioning" (ISI5) were the most central symptoms in the insomnia network model, while "Sleep dissatisfaction" (ISI4), "Interference with daytime functioning" (ISI5), and "Distress caused by the sleep difficulties" (ISI7) had the strongest negative associations with QoL. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of insomnia among Macau residents during the COVID-19 pandemic warrants attention. Being quarantined during the pandemic and having psychiatric problems were correlates of insomnia. Future research should target central symptoms and symptoms linked to QoL observed in our network models to improve insomnia and QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University & Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Sha
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University & Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Ieng Lam
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ka-In Lok
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ines Hang Iao Chow
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Tong Leong Si
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University & Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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28
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Saavedra E, Otero S. Actividad física en mujeres jóvenes chilenas durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DEL DEPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.15366/rimcafd2022.88.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objetivo: El presente estudio da respuesta a la pregunta: ¿Existen diferencias en el nivel de actividad física de mujeres chilenas antes y durante el confinamiento por COVID-19? Método: El estudio tiene un diseño no experimental longitudinal de tendencia con un n=1.051 mujeres chilenas jóvenes. Se midieron las diferencias en el nivel de actividad física entre los grupos pre (preCOVID) y post (COVID-19); y de la muestra COVID-19 con los datos teóricos tanto de estudios de actividad física previos como de encuestas nacionales gubernamentales. Resultados: las mujeres del grupo COVID-19 presentan niveles de actividad física significativamente más bajos que las mujeres de la muestra preCOVID-19; y que las muestras de mujeres de estudios empíricos anteriores. Conclusión: en tiempos de COVID-19 las mujeres jóvenes chilenas presentan un nivel de actividad física significativamente menor en tiempos previos al confinamiento.
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Chaabna K, Chaabane S, Jithesh A, Doraiswamy S, Mamtani R, Cheema S. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the proportion of physically active children and adults worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1009703. [PMID: 36568744 PMCID: PMC9780669 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Safety measures implemented to address the COVID-19 pandemic have had a profound impact on the mobility of people worldwide We synthesized the global evidence on physical activity (PA) participation before and during the pandemic. Methods We conducted a systematic review, searching PubMed, Embase, WHO Global literature on coronavirus disease (between January 2020 and April 2022), and reference lists. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted to quantitatively synthesize the data. Results and discussion Sixty-three primary studies were included. In children, the global pooled prevalence of PA was 46.4% before the pandemic, 40.6% during the pandemic before movement restriction (MR), and 19.5% during MR. A statistically significant decrease in prevalence was observed between the period before the pandemic and the period during which MR was implemented (p < 0.001). In adults, the global pooled prevalence (both sexes) decreased between the periods before the pandemic (64.7%) and during MR (57.0%). During the period of COVID-19 MR, children had significantly lower odds to meet the WHO PA recommendation than adults (19.5%, 95%CI: 15.8-23.8% vs. 57.0%, 95%CI: 43.3-62.5%; OR = 0.21; p ≤ 0.001). Patient populations were less active than the general population, and their PA levels decreased during the pandemic. Mental and physical health benefits of PA have been well-demonstrated. Prioritizing PA in health campaigns and strategies is critical to address health issues exacerbated during this pandemic. Protocol registration doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/GVABX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Chaabna
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
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30
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COVID-19 isolation/quarantine rules in home care patients. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e206. [PMID: 36468444 PMCID: PMC9767896 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 new variants increased the number of subjects in home isolation and quarantine. The aim of this study was to assess the compliance with coronavirus disease 2019 home isolation rules for 32 subjects in home care in Marche Region, Italy. The results showed that subjects in home isolation were better informed about isolation rules (P = 0.007) than those who were in quarantine. They had lower educational level (P < 0.001) and none/single income (P < 0.001) and higher rate of clinical manifestation. The education for a safe quarantine should be strengthened widely, especially among disadvantaged subjects.
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31
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Ilangovan S, Ganapathy D, Ahmed N, Pandurangan KK, Maiti S. Current status of usage of ivermectin in the management of COVID. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2022; 13:S407-S411. [PMID: 36798565 PMCID: PMC9926582 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_344_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties of ivermectin make it a wonder drug with a wide range of possible applications. It works against a variety of microorganisms, including viruses. Ivermectin has a wide range of antiviral effects, according to in vivo research in animal models. Because ivermectin is involved in a range of biological processes, it could be a promising therapeutic candidate for viruses such as COVID-19 and other positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. The study aims to analyze the awareness about the current status of usage of ivermectin in management of COVID among students studying in a private dental college. A study based on questionnaire was organized among students studying in a private dental college in Tamil Nadu. The subjects were asked a series of structural questions based on the usage of ivermectin in management of COVID. The questionnaire was prepared with 10 questions. 150 individuals completed the questionnaire; all of their answers were tallied in excel and imported into SPSS. For statistical analysis, the Chi-square test was performed. Excel was used to tabulate and enter the data, and the SPSS package software was used to analyze it. The study's threshold for statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. From this study, we found that the students had limited knowledge about the usage of ivermectin for management of COVID. More studies should be conducted to widen the knowledge among the students about the current affairs of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Ilangovan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhanraj Ganapathy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nabeel Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Subhabrata Maiti, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
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Recio-Vivas AM, Mansilla-Domíngez JM, Belzunegui-Eraso Á, Peña-Otero D, Díaz-Pérez D, Lorenzo-Allegue L, Font-Jiménez I. Compliance with COVID-19 Prevention Measures in the Spanish Population during the New Normal: Will the Need for Greater Community Involvement Be One of the Lessons Learned? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15983. [PMID: 36498056 PMCID: PMC9737321 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the pandemic, national and international health authorities have called on the population to collaborate and contribute with their behavior to control the problem. The aim of this study is to analyze the implementation of the protective measures against COVID-19 and to determine the factors involved in their compliance. To respond to the objectives, a cross-sectional study was performed involving a total of 5560 individuals. An ad hoc online questionnaire was created and shared through social networks, scientific societies, and various health institutions. The probability of high or total compliance with the protective measures was higher in women (OR = 1.401) and as age increases, with an OR = 2.524 in the interval between 31 and 64 years old and an OR = 2.896 in the oldest interval (65 and over). This study shows the characteristics of the population that considers it more likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, thus adopting greater adherence to prevention measures. Knowing which factors are associated with adherence to protective measures is essential for establishing effective pandemic control measures. Our findings may be useful for designing future awareness campaigns adapted to different socio-demographic characteristics in settings affected by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Recio-Vivas
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Science, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Belzunegui-Eraso
- Medical Anthropology Research Center, Faculty of Nursing, Rovira i Virgili University, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Peña-Otero
- Sub-Directorate of Caring, Cantabrian Health Service, Material Resources Unit, Management of Products, Equipment and Health Technology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39011 Cantabria, Spain
- Nursing Area, IDIVAL Research Institutes Valdecilla, 39011 Cantabria, Spain
- Respiratory Nursing Department at Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR), 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Díaz-Pérez
- Respiratory Nursing Department at Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR), 08029 Barcelona, Spain
- Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery Service of the Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Allegue
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Science, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Font-Jiménez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Science, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
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Aslani H, Bonakdar S, Gorji M, Gholipour M. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Management Strategies in the Pandemic COVID-19 Period in Patient Visits (Face-to-Face Visits vs. a Smartphone) in follow-up the Range of Motion of the Knee in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:102. [PMID: 36660760 PMCID: PMC9843597 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_82_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As the prevalence of the coronavirus increases, there is now more emphasis on reducing "face-to-face" patient visits. Therefore, the use of smartphones and their special medical applications can play an important role in following up patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of smartphone in evaluating clinical outcomes and range of motion (ROM) of patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Materials and Methods From January to December 2020, 112 patients between 20 and 50 years old were randomly selected at our orthopedic sports center. All patients were visited online through smartphone by a knee fellowship surgeon in the morning (case group) and again all of them were visited online through smartphone in the evening by another knee fellowship surgeon (control group). Both visits were done at regular intervals in the 2nd, 6th, and 12th week after surgery. Patients were evaluated for function outcomes and joint ROM. Results The two groups were similar in terms of mean International Knee Documentation Committee score, Lysholm knee score, and Tegner Knee Score and did not show statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) There was no significant difference in knee ROM measurements between the two groups (face-to-face visits and online through smartphone visits) during the follow-ups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Smartphone apps are highly effective in assessing postoperative condition of knee ROM after ACLR, especially in the short time. However, this ability has been reduced in evaluating the long term. Hence, evaluation is still necessary through direct examination in the presence visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Aslani
- Sport Medicine and Knee Research Center, Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sona Bonakdar
- Skin Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Gorji
- Skin Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Gholipour
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Akhtar Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Morteza Gholipour, Clinical Research Development Unit, Akhtar Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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Brugnaro BH, Vieira FN, Fernandes G, de Camargo OK, Fumincelli L, de Campos AC, Pavão SL, Rocha NACF. Exploration of the Feasibility of Remote Assessment of Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Developmental Disabilities: Parents' Perspectives and Related Contextual Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15101. [PMID: 36429822 PMCID: PMC9690884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted face-to-face health services, leveraging telehealth strategies. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate, from a parent's perspective, the feasibility of a remote assessment of functioning in children with developmental disabilities during the pandemic and related contextual factors, based on how parents carry out the assessment. Parents of children with developmental disabilities (mean age = 7.56 ± 3.68) responded to a remote assessment via electronic forms and telephone interview. We analyzed parents' perspectives about the feasibility of the assessment. We also tested the association between feasibility score and sociodemographics/pandemic experience. Regression analysis tested if children's functioning characteristics predicted feasibility. A total of 57 mothers completed the remote assessment, and more than 95% did not report difficulties in accessing/responding to electronic forms. They scored remote assessment as easy and feasible, and reported no difficulties with telephone interview. Greater feasibility rates were related to lower maternal age (rho Spearman = -0.290; p = 0.029). The model shows that children's characteristics predicted 20.4% of feasibility (p < 0.005). Remote assessment showed to be feasible. Younger mothers might consider easier-to-use technologies, beyond considering remote assessment more viable. These results can guide the next steps in research and remote clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Helena Brugnaro
- Child Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Nascimento Vieira
- Child Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Gesica Fernandes
- Child Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Olaf Kraus de Camargo
- CanChild, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Laís Fumincelli
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Campos
- Child Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Letícia Pavão
- Department of Prevention and Rehabilitation in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80060-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira Rocha
- Child Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
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Foo CD, Verma M, Tan SM, Haldane V, Reyes KA, Garcia F, Canila C, Orano J, Ballesteros AJ, Marthias T, Mahendradhata Y, Tuangratananon T, Rajatanavin N, Poungkantha W, Mai Oanh T, The Due O, Asgari-Jirhandeh N, Tangcharoensathien V, Legido-Quigley H. COVID-19 public health and social measures: a comprehensive picture of six Asian countries. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-009863. [PMID: 36343969 PMCID: PMC9644075 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic will not be the last of its kind. As the world charts a way towards an equitable and resilient recovery, Public Health and Social Measures (PHSMs) that were implemented since the beginning of the pandemic need to be made a permanent feature of health systems that can be activated and readily deployed to tackle sudden surges in infections going forward. Although PHSMs aim to blunt the spread of the virus, and in turn protect lives and preserve health system capacity, there are also unintended consequences attributed to them. Importantly, the interactions between PHSMs and their accompanying key indicators that influence the strength and duration of PHSMs are elements that require in-depth exploration. This research employs case studies from six Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam, to paint a comprehensive picture of PHSMs that protect the lives and livelihoods of populations. Nine typologies of PHSMs that emerged are as follows: (1) physical distancing, (2) border controls, (3) personal protective equipment requirements, (4) transmission monitoring, (5) surge health infrastructure capacity, (6) surge medical supplies, (7) surge human resources, (8) vaccine availability and roll-out and (9) social and economic support measures. The key indicators that influence the strength and duration of PHSMs are as follows: (1) size of community transmission, (2) number of severe cases and mortality, (3) health system capacity, (4) vaccine coverage, (5) fiscal space and (6) technology. Interactions between PHSMs can be synergistic or inhibiting, depending on various contextual factors. Fundamentally, PHSMs do not operate in silos, and a suite of PHSMs that are complementary is required to ensure that lives and livelihoods are safeguarded with an equity lens. For that to be achieved, strong governance structures and community engagement are also required at all levels of the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan De Foo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Monica Verma
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - See Mieng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Victoria Haldane
- University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine Ann Reyes
- School of Public Health, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Manila, Philippines,Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Quezon, Philippines
| | - Fernando Garcia
- College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Carmelita Canila
- College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Tiara Marthias
- Department of Public Health, Gadjah Mada University Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,The University of Melbourne Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yodi Mahendradhata
- Department of Public Health, Gadjah Mada University Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Warapon Poungkantha
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Tran Mai Oanh
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ong The Due
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nima Asgari-Jirhandeh
- Asia-Pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Helena Legido-Quigley
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
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Carvalho JS, dos Reis Neto ET, Kakehasi AM, Ribeiro SLE, Studart SAS, Martins FP, Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo R, Ranzolin A, Fernandino DC, Dinis VG, Sato EI, Resende GG, Marinho A, Mariz HA, Sacilotto NC, Ribeiro FM, Shinjo SK, Dias LH, Yazbek MA, Omura F, Rached THS, Gomides APM, Marques CDL, Pillegi GCS, Mota LMH, Pinheiro MM, Monticielo OA, Xavier RM, Ferreira GA. Factors associated with poor outcomes in SLE patients with COVID-19: Data from ReumaCoV-Brazil register. Lupus 2022; 32:42-53. [PMID: 36300790 PMCID: PMC9614598 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221135884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate factors associated with COVID-19 severity outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a prospective, multi-stage cohort study-"The ReumaCoV Brazil"-designed to monitor patients with immune-mediated rheumatologic disease (IMRD) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. SLE adult patients with COVID-19 were compared with those without COVID-19. SLE activity was evaluated by the patient global assessment (PGA) and SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). RESULTS 604 SLE patients were included, 317 (52.4%) with COVID-19 and 287 (47.6%) in the control group. SLE COVID-19 patients reported a lower frequency of social isolation and worked more frequently as health professionals. There was no difference in the mean SLEDAI-2K score between groups in the post-COVID-19 period (5.8 [8.6] vs. 4.5 [8.0]; p = 0.190). However, infected patients reported increased SLE activity according to the Patient Global Assessment (PGA) during this period (2.9 [2.9] vs. 2.3 [2.6]; p = 0.031. Arterial hypertension (OR 2.48 [CI 95% 1.04-5.91], p = 0.041), cyclophosphamide (OR 14.32 [CI 95% 2.12-96.77], p = 0.006), dyspnea (OR: 7.10 [CI 95% 3.10-16.23], p < 0.001) and discontinuation of SLE treatment medication during infection (5.38 [CI 95% 1.97-15.48], p = 0.002), were independently associated with a higher chance of hospitalization related to COVID-19. Patients who received telemedicine support presented a 67% lower chance of hospitalization (OR 0.33 [CI 95% 0.12-0.88], p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Hypertension and cyclophosphamide were associated with a severe outcome, and telemedicine can be a useful tool for SLE patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Joana S Carvalho, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena avenue, 190. Belo Horizonte-MG 13130-100, Brazil.
| | | | - Adriana M Kakehasi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandra LE Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Francielle P Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Reumatologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Diana C Fernandino
- Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Emília I Sato
- Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo G Resende
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique A Mariz
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Nathália C Sacilotto
- Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de S. Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francinne M Ribeiro
- Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samuel K Shinjo
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laiza H Dias
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Michel A Yazbek
- Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Omura
- Clínica Omura Medicina Diagnóstica, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago HS Rached
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia DL Marques
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Lícia MH Mota
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Pinheiro
- Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Odirlei A Monticielo
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Reumatologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Xavier
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Reumatologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilda A Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Wu SX, Wu X. Stay-at-home and face mask policy intentions inconsistent with incidence and fatality during the US COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:990400. [PMID: 36311571 PMCID: PMC9609417 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.990400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many states imposed stay-at-home (SAH) and mandatory face mask (MFM) orders to supplement the United States CDC recommendations. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between SAH and MFM approaches with the incidence and fatality of COVID-19 during the pandemic period until 23 August 2020 (about 171 days), the period with no vaccines or specific drugs that had passed the phase III clinical trials yet. States with SAH orders showed a potential 50-60% decrease in infection and fatality during the SAH period (about 45 days). After normalization to population density, there was a 44% significant increase in the fatality rate in no-SAH + no-MFM states when compared to SAH + MFM. However, many results in this study were inconsistent with the intent of public health strategies of SAH and MFM. There were similar incidence rates (1.41, 1.81, and 1.36%) and significant differences in fatality rates (3.40, 2.12, and 1.25%; p < 0.05) and mortality rates (51.43, 34.50, and 17.42 per 100,000 residents; p < 0.05) among SAH + MFM, SAH + no-MFM, and no-SAH + no-MFM states, respectively. There were no significant differences in total positive cases, average daily new cases, and average daily fatality when normalized with population density among the three groups. This study suggested potential decreases in infection and fatality with short-term SAH order. However, SAH and MFM orders from some states' policies probably had limited effects in lowering transmission and fatality among the general population. At the policy-making level, if contagious patients would not likely be placed in strict isolation and massive contact tracing would not be effective to implement, we presume that following the CDC's recommendations with close monitoring of healthcare capacity could be appropriate in helping mitigate the COVID-19 disaster while limiting collateral socioeconomic damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel X. Wu
- Department of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
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Rodrigues RN, do Nascimento GLM, Arroyo LH, Arcêncio RA, de Oliveira VC, Guimarães EADA. The COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination abandonment in children: spatial heterogeneity maps. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2022; 30:e3642. [PMID: 36228235 PMCID: PMC9545939 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6132.3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to identify spatial clusters corresponding to abandonment of routine vaccines in children. METHOD an ecological study, according to data from the 853 municipalities of a Brazilian state. The records analyzed were those of the multidose pentavalent, pneumococcal 10-valent, inactivated poliomyelitis and oral human rotavirus vaccines of 781,489 children aged less than one year old. The spatial scan statistics was used to identify spatial clusters and assess the relative risk based on the vaccination abandonment indicator. RESULTS the spatial scan statistics detected the presence of statistically significant clusters for abandonment regarding the four vaccines in all the years analyzed. However, the highest number of clusters with high relative risk estimates was identified in 2020. The Vale do Aço and West, North and West, and Southwest regions stand out for the pentavalent, poliomyelitis and rotavirus vaccines, respectively. CONCLUSION in an attempt to mitigate the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the immunization program experienced setbacks. The presence of clusters points to the need to implement integrated strategies that may involve different sectors for an active search for children and prevent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto,
Centro Colaborador da OPAS/OMS para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Enfermagem,
Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Feter N, Caputo EL, Leite JS, Delpino FM, Cassuriaga J, Huckembeck CM, da Silva CN, Alt R, da Silva MC, Reichert FF, Rombaldi AJ. Physical activity and the incidence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: Findings from the PAMPA cohort. Ment Health Phys Act 2022; 23:100468. [PMID: 35966401 PMCID: PMC9361580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2022.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We examined the longitudinal association between physical activity (PA) and the incidence of self-reported diagnosed depression in adults in southern Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from the PAMPA (Prospective Study About Mental and Physical Health) cohort was used. Data collection for baseline was carried out on June-July 2020, with two follow-up assessments taking place six months apart. An online, self-reported questionnaire assessed depression and PA. Depression was assessed by asking participants whether they were ever diagnosed with depression. We included 441 participants (women: 75.9%; mean age [SD]: 38.0 [13.5]) in southern Brazil. Over the follow-up, 21.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.1%-25.9%) were diagnosed with depression. Insufficiently active (<150 min per week of physical activity) (Incidence rate [IR]: 61.9; 95%CI: 39.5-102.4; p = 0.047) and active (≥150 min per week of physical activity) (IR: 50.4; 95%CI: 31.9-84.0; p = 0.015) participants had reduced IR of depression per 1000 persons-year at risk compared to inactive ones (0 min per week of physical activity) (IR: 99.9; 95%CI: 79.7-126.8). In the adjusted analyses, participants in the insufficient active (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.58; 95%CI: 0.34-0.98) and active (HR: 0.53; 95%CI: 0.31-0.93) group had a lower risk of developing depression than the inactive group. PA both at and out of home reduced the risk of incident depression (HR: 0.49; 95%CI: 0.25-0.98) compared to no physical activity. Endurance (HR: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.28-0.97) and endurance plus strengthening (HR: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.17-0.95) PA reduced the risk of incident depression compared to none. Being physically active during pandemic, regardless of the amount of PA practiced, reduced the incidence of depression in adults in southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan Feter
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Jayne S Leite
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Alt
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Practices and Strategies of Health Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Between Limitations and Opportunities. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101817. [PMID: 36292264 PMCID: PMC9601796 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Arghittu A, Deiana G, Castiglia E, Pacifico A, Brizzi P, Cossu A, Castiglia P, Dettori M. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors towards Proper Nutrition and Lifestyles in Italian Diabetic Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11212. [PMID: 36141484 PMCID: PMC9517272 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of diabetes mellitus is mainly based on a healthy lifestyle. The lockdown measures imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in major changes in daily life and social behavior, which may have an influence on diabetes self-management and glycemic control. The present work aims to assess the relationship between diabetic patients' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards proper nutrition and lifestyles in order to plan strategies for educational intervention from a health literacy perspective. Attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge of diabetic patients attending the Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Department of the Local Health Authority of Sassari (ASL1-SS) were assessed with a cognitive survey conducted from April to July 2022. Three hundred twenty-one questionnaires were administered during the survey period. Fifty-two percent of diabetic patients were female and 48% male, with a mean age of 61.1 ± 18.5 years and 62.0 ± 15.1 years, respectively. The overall level of knowledge about the role of food and proper nutrition with respect to the risk of diabetes and its complications appeared to be generally unsatisfactory and inadequate. Nonetheless, females showed a significantly higher level of knowledge than males (p < 0.0001). Moreover, knowledge was seen to decrease according to the age of the patients (p = 0.035). As for the possible impact played by the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyles, it should be noted that about 70% of the respondents stated that they had maintained a reasonable dietary standard or even improved it throughout. Thus, the study underlines the need to improve the knowledge of diabetic subjects about nutrition and, in particular, their self-management, positively influencing behaviors and attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Arghittu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Deiana
- University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Castiglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Adolfo Pacifico
- Ambulatorio Dietoterapia e Nutrizione Clinica, Struttura di Diabetologia e Malattie Metaboliche, ASL1, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brizzi
- Ambulatorio Dietoterapia e Nutrizione Clinica, Struttura di Diabetologia e Malattie Metaboliche, ASL1, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Castiglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Dettori
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Reinelt T, Suppiger D, Frey C, Oertel R, Natalucci G. Infant regulation during the pandemic: Associations with maternal response to the COVID-19 pandemic, well-being, and socio-emotional investment. INFANCY 2022; 28:9-33. [PMID: 36056543 PMCID: PMC9539181 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the transition to parenthood, the COVID-19 pandemic poses an additional strain on parental well-being. Confirmed infections or having to quarantine, as well as public health measures negatively affect parents and infants. Contrary to previous studies mainly focusing on the well-being of school-aged children and their parents during lockdown periods, the present study investigated how mothers of infants respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and whether this is related to maternal well-being, maternal socio-emotional investment, and infant regulation. Between April and June 2021, 206 mothers of infants (Mage = 7.14 months, SDage = 3.75 months) reported on COVID-19 infections, their response to the COVID-19 pandemic, their well-being, socio-emotional investment, and their infant's regulation. Exploratory factor analyses yielded five dimensions of maternal response to the COVID-19 pandemic: social distancing, worrying about the child, birth anxiety, distancing from the child, and information on COVID-19-related parenting behavior and support. These dimensions were related to mother-reported infant regulatory problems. Path analyses revealed paths via reduced maternal well-being and maternal socio-emotional investment. Maternal perceptions of infant regulatory problems are related to how the mothers respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Better information about COVID-19-related parenting behavior and support might buffer against these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Reinelt
- Department of NeonatologyFamily Larsson‐Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth, and Nutrition of the NewbornUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Debora Suppiger
- Department of NeonatologyFamily Larsson‐Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth, and Nutrition of the NewbornUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Clarissa Frey
- Department of NeonatologyFamily Larsson‐Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth, and Nutrition of the NewbornUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Rebecca Oertel
- Department of NeonatologyFamily Larsson‐Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth, and Nutrition of the NewbornUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Giancarlo Natalucci
- Department of NeonatologyFamily Larsson‐Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth, and Nutrition of the NewbornUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Kuroda Y, Sugimoto T, Satoh K, Suemoto CK, Matsumoto N, Uchida K, Kishino Y, Sakurai T. Factors Associated with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10094. [PMID: 36011727 PMCID: PMC9407936 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Preventive measures to control the spread of COVID-19 are essential, but they often cause social isolation and diminish the physical and mental health of older adults. In cognitively impaired individuals, the pandemic has worsened behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Here, we explored the factors contributing to the worsening of BPSD during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: Potential patients were identified at a memory clinic in Japan between June 2017 and June 2021. Eligible patients had a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia during the study period. The outcome was BPSD, as assessed by using the Dementia Behavioral Disorders Scale. Information on patients' lifestyle habits and use of care services was obtained for use as primary explanatory variables; multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between BPSD and care services use or lifestyle habits. The model was adjusted for sociodemographic factors, and the interaction terms of the pandemic period with lifestyle and service use were included to evaluate the effects of COVID-19. (3) Results: We identified 977 participants with MCI and 1380 with dementia (MCI group: 69.8% age 75 years or older, 54.2% female; dementia group: 79.8% age 75 years or older, 64.8% female). After adjustment for possible confounders, significantly worse BPSD was demonstrated in those who used daycare services during COVID-19 (both MCI and dementia patients; p = 0.007 and p = 0.025 respectively) and in those with poor nutritional function (dementia patients; p = 0.040). (4) Conclusions and Implications: During COVID-19, poor nutritional status and use of daycare services were associated with BPSD in those with cognitive decline. These findings indicate the need to fully examine the quantity and quality of care services for people with cognitive decline during emergencies and to continue to provide effective services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Kuroda
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Taiki Sugimoto
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kenichi Satoh
- Faculty of Data Science, Shiga University, Hikone 522-8522, Japan
| | - Claudia K. Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Nanae Matsumoto
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Uchida
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kishino
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
- Department of Cognition and Behavior Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
- Department of Cognition and Behavior Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Lu QB, Che TL, Wang LP, Zhang AR, Ren X, Wang T, Geng MJ, Wang YF, Liu MY, Zhang HY, Fang LQ, Liu W, Li ZJ. Decline of onset-to-diagnosis interval and its impacts on clinical outcome of COVID-19 in China: a nation-wide observational study. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:674. [PMID: 35931983 PMCID: PMC9356511 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To quantitatively assess the impact of the onset-to-diagnosis interval (ODI) on severity and death for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods This retrospective study was conducted based on the data on COVID-19 cases of China over the age of 40 years reported through China’s National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System from February 5, 2020 to October 8, 2020. The impacts of ODI on severe rate (SR) and case fatality rate (CFR) were evaluated at individual and population levels, which was further disaggregated by sex, age and geographic origin. Results As the rapid decline of ODI from around 40 days in early January to < 3 days in early March, both CFR and SR of COVID-19 largely dropped below 5% in China. After adjusting for age, sex, and region, an effect of ODI on SR was observed with the highest OR of 2.95 (95% CI 2.37‒3.66) at Day 10–11 and attributable fraction (AF) of 29.1% (95% CI 22.2‒36.1%) at Day 8–9. However, little effect of ODI on CFR was observed. Moreover, discrepancy of effect magnitude was found, showing a greater effect from ODI on SR among patients of male sex, younger age, and those cases in Wuhan. Conclusion The ODI was significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19, highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis, especially for patients who were confirmed to gain increased benefit from early diagnosis to some extent. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07660-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Le Che
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jie Geng
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Jie Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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Lãzãrescu AM, Benichi S, Blauwblomme T, Beccaria K, Bourgeois M, Roux CJ, Vergnaud E, Montmayeur J, Meyer P, Cohen JF, Chalumeau M, Blangis F, Orliaguet G. Abusive Head Trauma in Infants During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Paris Metropolitan Area. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2226182. [PMID: 36040743 PMCID: PMC9428740 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.26182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic and the containment and mitigation measures taken were feared to be associated with increased child abuse. OBJECTIVE To investigate the trend of abusive head trauma (AHT) incidence and severity in infants during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In a time-series analysis of a longitudinal, population-based, cohort study, all consecutive cases of AHT in infants younger than 12 months old referred between January 2017 and December 2021 to Necker Hospital for Sick Children, the single regional pediatric neurosurgery center for the Paris metropolitan area, were included. AHT was defined as 1 or more subdural hemorrhage and a positive multidisciplinary evaluation after a social, clinical, biological, and radiological workup. Data were analyzed from January to March 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the monthly incidence of AHT, which was analyzed using Poisson regression modeling. Secondary outcomes included mortality and severe morbidity and were studied with logistic and linear regressions. The monthly incidence of neurosurgical interventions for hydrocephalus was used as a control series. RESULTS Among the 99 included infants with AHT (median [IQR] age, 4 [3-6] months; 64 boys [65%]), 86 of 99 (87%) had bridging vein thrombosis, 74 of 99 (75%) had retinal hemorrhages, 23 of 72 (32%) had fractures, 26 of 99 (26%) had status epilepticus, 20 of 99 (20%) had skin injuries, 53 of 99 (54%) underwent neurosurgical interventions, and 13 of 99 (13%) died. Compared with the prepandemic period (2017-2019), AHT incidence was stable in 2020 (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.59-1.77) and then significantly increased in 2021 (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.23-2.99). The severity of AHT worsened in 2021 in terms of mortality (odds ratio 9.39; 95% CI, 1.88-47.00). Other secondary outcomes and the control series were not significantly modified. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, a marked increase in AHT incidence and severity occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Paris metropolitan area. These results suggest the need for clinical awareness and preventive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina-Marilena Lãzãrescu
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sandro Benichi
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Blauwblomme
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kévin Beccaria
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie Bourgeois
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Joris Roux
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Vergnaud
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Montmayeur
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Meyer
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie F. Cohen
- Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Paris, France
- Child Protection Unit, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martin Chalumeau
- Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Paris, France
- Child Protection Unit, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Flora Blangis
- Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Paris, France
- Child Protection Unit, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Orliaguet
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Unit EA7323 Evaluation of Therapeutics and Pharmacology in Perinatality and Pediatrics, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Healthcare Workers after the First and Second Pandemic Waves. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071535. [PMID: 35891515 PMCID: PMC9322964 DOI: 10.3390/v14071535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Grand Hôpital de Charleroi is a large non-academic Belgian hospital that treated a large number of COVID-19 inpatients. In the context of this pandemic, all professions-combined healthcare workers (HCWs), and not only direct caregivers, are a frontline workforce in contact with suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases and seem to be a high-risk group for exposure. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in HCWs in our hospital after the first and second pandemic waves and to characterize the distribution of this seroprevalence in relation to various criteria. Methods: At the end of the two recruitment periods, a total of 4008 serological tests were performed in this single-center cross-sectional study. After completing a questionnaire including demographic and personal data, possible previous COVID-19 diagnostic test results and/or the presence of symptoms potentially related to COVID-19, the study participants underwent blood sampling and serological testing using DiaSorin’s LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG test for the first phase and LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG test for the second phase of this study. Results: In total, 302 study participants (10.72%) in the first round of the study and 404 (33.92%) in the second round were positive for SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies. The prevalence of seropositivity observed after the second wave was 3.16 times higher than after the first wave. We confirmed that direct, prolonged, and repeated contact with patients or their environment was a predominant seroconversion factor, but more unexpectedly, that this was the case for all HCWs and not only caregivers. Finally, the notion of high-risk contact seemed more readily identifiable in one’s workplace than in one’s private life. Conclusions: Our study confirmed that HCWs are at a significantly higher risk of contracting COVID-19 than the general population, and suggests that repeated contacts with at-risk patients, regardless of the HCWs’ professions, represents the most important risk factor for seroconversion (Clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT04723290).
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Willingness to Accept the COVID-19 Vaccine and Related Factors among Indian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071095. [PMID: 35891259 PMCID: PMC9317945 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve herd immunity to a disease, a large portion of the population needs to be vaccinated, which is possible only when there is broad acceptance of the vaccine within the community. Thus, policymakers need to understand how the general public will perceive the vaccine. This study focused on the degree of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and refusal and explored sociodemographic correlations that influence vaccine hesitancy and refusal. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the adult population of India. The survey consisted of basic demographic questions and questions from the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale. Multinomial logistical regression was used to identify correlates of vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Of the 1582 people in the study, 9% refused to become vaccinated and 30.8% were hesitant. We found that both hesitancy and refusal predictors were nearly identical (lower socioeconomic status, female gender, and older age groups), except for three groups (subjects aged 45−64 years, those with approximate income <10,000 INR/month, and those residing in rural households) that showed slightly higher odds of vaccine hesitancy than refusal. We need to address the underlying sociodemographic determinants and formulate public awareness programs to address specific subgroups that are at higher risk of rejecting the vaccine and convert those who are undecided or hesitant into those willing to accept the vaccine.
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Schöttl SE, Schnitzer M, Savoia L, Kopp M. Physical Activity Behavior During and After COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders-A Longitudinal Study in the Austrian, German, and Italian Alps. Front Public Health 2022; 10:901763. [PMID: 35712287 PMCID: PMC9194442 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.901763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Alpine regions, which are very similar due to their topographical location and their wide-ranging sports offerings, the restrictions on sports activities during the COVID-19 pandemic differed in type and level: while in some regions (Tyrol, South Tyrol, Trentino), all sports activities were forbidden except for walking near the home, in other regions (Upper Bavaria, Vorarlberg), people were allowed to go hiking and running during the first lockdown. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the change in physical activity (PA) behavior in different Alpine regions (Upper Bavaria, Vorarlberg, Tyrol, South Tyrol, Trentino) over four periods in 2020, to examine the effects of COVID-19 measures of varying severity on PA behavior and to identify factors associated with a change in PA over time. Methods A retrospective online survey was conducted (N = 2975) from December 2020, to January 2021. Using the questionnaire of the Eurobarometer 472 study, PA behavior was measured over four periods: before COVID-19 (March), during the first lockdown (March and April), during the relaxed period (May-October) and during the second lockdown (November and December) in 2020. Results During the first (M = 5.0h, SD = 4.5) and the second lockdowns (M = 4.9h, SD = 4.3), the participants (age: 42 years, overly active in sports) engaged less in sports than before (M = 5.9h, SD = 4.8) and during the relaxed period in summer (M = 6.4h, SD = 5.0) (average number of hours per week being physically active). A larger percentage of participants from Alpine regions with severe restrictions (Tyrol, South Tyrol, Trentino) decreased their PA during the first lockdown as compared to participants from Upper Bavaria and Vorarlberg with a less strict first lockdown. Those with psychological distress, male participants, and individuals with decreased physical health and less free time during COVID-19 were more likely to reduce their PA. Conclusions Despite a short-term negative effect of COVID-19 restrictions on exercise participation during lockdowns, the majority of respondents returned to their original levels of PA during the relaxed COVID-19 phases. As a comparison of Alpine regions shows, particularly severe COVID-19 measures seem to have reduced PA with potential negative health effects. For the future, policy makers and sports organizations should collaborate to support the population in their PA behavior during pandemics to outweigh restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie E Schöttl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Schnitzer
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura Savoia
- Sports Observatory of the Autonomous Province of Bozen/Bolzano-South Tyrol, Bozen, Italy
| | - Martin Kopp
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Lounis M, Rais MA, Bencherit D, Aouissi HA, Oudjedi A, Klugarová J, Pokorná A, Klugar M, Riad A. Side Effects of COVID-19 Inactivated Virus vs. Adenoviral Vector Vaccines: Experience of Algerian Healthcare Workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:896343. [PMID: 35651866 PMCID: PMC9149155 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.896343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers were prioritized in vaccination campaigns globally because they are exposed to the highest risk of contamination by SARS-CoV-2. This study evaluated the self-reported post-vaccination side effects of inactivated (BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac) and adenoviral vector-based (AZD1222, Gam-COVID-Vac and Ad26.COV2.S) vaccines among Algerian healthcare workers using a validated questionnaire. The final analysis included 721 healthcare workers, with a predominance of females (59.1%) and younger individuals 20–30 years old (39.4%). Less than half (49.1%) of the respondents reported at least one local side effect, while 53.8% reported at least one systemic side effect. These side effects were more prevalent among viral vector vaccinees than inactivated virus vaccinees. The most common local side effects were injection site pain (39%) and arm pain (25.4%), while fatigue (34.4%), fever (28.4%), headache (24.8%) and myalgia (22.7%) were the most prevalent systemic side effects. The side effects appeared earlier among inactivated virus vaccines recipients and generally lasted for 2 to 3 days for the two vaccinated groups. The risk factors associated with a higher prevalence of side effects included female gender, allergic individuals, individuals with regular medication, those who contracted the COVID-19 disease and those who received two doses for both inactivated and viral-based vaccines groups. Despite the higher prevalence of post-vaccination side effects among adenoviral vector vaccines recipients, both vaccines groups were equally effective in preventing symptomatic infections, and no life-threatening side effects were reported in either vaccine group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lounis
- Department of Agro-Veterinary Science, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ziane Achour, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Amir Rais
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Djihad Bencherit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ziane Achour, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Hani Amir Aouissi
- Scientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions (CRSTRA), Biskra, Algeria
| | - Adda Oudjedi
- Institute of Science and Techniques of Physical and Sport Activities, Larbi Ben M'hidi University, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Jitka Klugarová
- Czech National Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Center of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Center), Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Andrea Pokorná
- Czech National Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Center of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Center), Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Center of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Center), Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Abanoub Riad
- Czech National Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Center of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Center), Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Abbott R, Bethel A, Rogers M, Whear R, Orr N, Shaw L, Stein K, Thompson Coon J. Characteristics, quality and volume of the first 5 months of the COVID-19 evidence synthesis infodemic: a meta-research study. BMJ Evid Based Med 2022; 27:169-177. [PMID: 34083212 PMCID: PMC9132873 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2021-111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The academic and scientific community has reacted at pace to gather evidence to help and inform about COVID-19. Concerns have been raised about the quality of this evidence. The aim of this review was to map the nature, scope and quality of evidence syntheses on COVID-19 and to explore the relationship between review quality and the extent of researcher, policy and media interest. DESIGN AND SETTING A meta-research: systematic review of reviews. INFORMATION SOURCES PubMed, Epistemonikos COVID-19 evidence, the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection and the WHO COVID-19 database, searched between 10 June 2020 and 15 June 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Any peer-reviewed article reported as a systematic review, rapid review, overview, meta-analysis or qualitative evidence synthesis in the title or abstract addressing a research question relating to COVID-19. Articles described as meta-analyses but not undertaken as part of a systematic or rapid review were excluded. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Abstract and full text screening were undertaken by two independent reviewers. Descriptive information on review type, purpose, population, size, citation and attention metrics were extracted along with whether the review met the definition of a systematic review according to six key methodological criteria. For those meeting all criteria, additional data on methods and publication metrics were extracted. RISK OF BIAS For articles meeting all six criteria required to meet the definition of a systematic review, AMSTAR-2 ((A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews, version 2.0) was used to assess the quality of the reported methods. RESULTS 2334 articles were screened, resulting in 280 reviews being included: 232 systematic reviews, 46 rapid reviews and 2 overviews. Less than half reported undertaking critical appraisal and a third had no reproducible search strategy. There was considerable overlap in topics, with discordant findings. Eighty-eight of the 280 reviews met all six systematic review criteria. Of these, just 3 were rated as of moderate or high quality on AMSTAR-2, with the majority having critical flaws: only a third reported registering a protocol, and less than one in five searched named COVID-19 databases. Review conduct and publication were rapid, with 52 of the 88 systematic reviews reported as being conducted within 3 weeks, and a half published within 3 weeks of submission. Researcher and media interest, as measured by altmetrics and citations, was high, and was not correlated with quality. DISCUSSION This meta-research of early published COVID-19 evidence syntheses found low-quality reviews being published at pace, often with short publication turnarounds. Despite being of low quality and many lacking robust methods, the reviews received substantial attention across both academic and public platforms, and the attention was not related to the quality of review methods. INTERPRETATION Flaws in systematic review methods limit the validity of a review and the generalisability of its findings. Yet, by being reported as 'systematic reviews', many readers may well regard them as high-quality evidence, irrespective of the actual methods undertaken. The challenge especially in times such as this pandemic is to provide indications of trustworthiness in evidence that is available in 'real time'. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020188822.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Abbott
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alison Bethel
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Morwenna Rogers
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rebecca Whear
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Noreen Orr
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Liz Shaw
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ken Stein
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jo Thompson Coon
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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