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Zheng Y, Wei K, Jiang P, Zhao J, Shan Y, Shi Y, Zhao F, Chang C, Li Y, Zhou M, Lv X, Guo S, He D. Macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis: signaling pathways, metabolic reprogramming, and crosstalk with synovial fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394108. [PMID: 38799455 PMCID: PMC11116671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation and progressive joint destruction. Macrophages are key effector cells that play a central role in RA pathogenesis through their ability to polarize into distinct functional phenotypes. An imbalance favoring pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages over anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages disrupts immune homeostasis and exacerbates joint inflammation. Multiple signaling pathways, including Notch, JAK/STAT, NF-κb, and MAPK, regulate macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype in RA. Metabolic reprogramming also contributes to this process, with M1 macrophages prioritizing glycolysis while M2 macrophages utilize oxidative phosphorylation. Redressing this imbalance by modulating macrophage polarization and metabolic state represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, complex bidirectional interactions exist between synovial macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), forming a self-perpetuating inflammatory loop. Macrophage-derived factors promote aggressive phenotypes in FLS, while FLS-secreted mediators contribute to aberrant macrophage activation. Elucidating the signaling networks governing macrophage polarization, metabolic adaptations, and crosstalk with FLS is crucial to developing targeted therapies that can restore immune homeostasis and mitigate joint pathology in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shan
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuyu Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen Chang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunshen Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinliang Lv
- Department of Rheumatology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Grujic M, Alim MA, Hellman L, Peterson M, Pejler G. Mast Cells are Dependent on Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) and GLUT3 for IgE-mediated Activation. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02011-8. [PMID: 38565760 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are known to have a pathological impact in a variety of settings, in particular in allergic conditions. There is also limited evidence implicating MCs in diabetes, raising the possibility that MC function may be influenced by alterations in glucose levels. However, it is not known whether MCs are directly affected by elevated glucose concentrations. Moreover, it is not known which glucose transporters that are expressed by MCs, and whether MCs are dependent on glucose transporters for activation. Here we addressed these issues. We show that MCs express high levels of both glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1/Slc2A1) and GLUT3 (Slc2A3). Further, we show that the inhibition of either GLUT1 or GLUT3 dampens both MC degranulation and cytokine induction in response to IgE receptor crosslinking, and that combined GLUT1 and GLUT3 inhibition causes an even more pronounced inhibition of these parameters. In contrast, the inhibition of GLUT1 or GLUT3, or combined GLUT1 and GLUT3 inhibition, had less impact on the ability of the MCs to respond to activation via compound 48/80. Elevated glucose concentrations did not affect MC viability, and had no stimulatory effect on MC responses to either IgE receptor crosslinking or compound 48/80. Altogether, these findings reveal that MCs are strongly dependent on glucose transport via GLUT1 and/or GLUT3 for optimal responses towards IgE-mediated activation, whereas MC functionality is minimally affected by elevated glucose levels. Based on these findings, antagonists of GLUT1 and GLUT3 may be considered for therapeutic intervention in allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Grujic
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden.
- University of Cambridge, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Lars Hellman
- Uppsala University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Peterson
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care, Region Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Elian V, Popovici V, Karampelas O, Pircalabioru GG, Radulian G, Musat M. Risks and Benefits of SGLT-2 Inhibitors for Type 1 Diabetes Patients Using Automated Insulin Delivery Systems-A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1972. [PMID: 38396657 PMCID: PMC10888162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary treatment for autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-T1DM) is insulin therapy. Unfortunately, a multitude of clinical cases has demonstrated that the use of insulin as a sole therapeutic intervention fails to address all issues comprehensively. Therefore, non-insulin adjunct treatment has been investigated and shown successful results in clinical trials. Various hypoglycemia-inducing drugs such as Metformin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, amylin analogs, and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporters 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, developed good outcomes in patients with T1DM. Currently, SGLT-2 inhibitors have remarkably improved the treatment of patients with diabetes by preventing cardiovascular events, heart failure hospitalization, and progression of renal disease. However, their pharmacological potential has not been explored enough. Thus, the substantial interest in SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) underlines the present review. It begins with an overview of carrier-mediated cellular glucose uptake, evidencing the insulin-independent transport system contribution to glucose homeostasis and the essential roles of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporters 1 and 2. Then, the pharmacological properties of SGLT-2is are detailed, leading to potential applications in treating T1DM patients with automated insulin delivery (AID) systems. Results from several studies demonstrated improvements in glycemic control, an increase in Time in Range (TIR), a decrease in glycemic variability, reduced daily insulin requirements without increasing hyperglycemic events, and benefits in weight management. However, these advantages are counterbalanced by increased risks, particularly concerning Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Several clinical trials reported a higher incidence of DKA when patients with T1DM received SGLT-2 inhibitors such as Sotagliflozin and Empagliflozin. On the other hand, patients with T1DM and a body mass index (BMI) of ≥27 kg/m2 treated with Dapagliflozin showed similar reduction in hyperglycemia and body weight and insignificantly increased DKA incidence compared to the overall trial population. Additional multicenter and randomized studies are required to establish safer and more effective long-term strategies based on patient selection, education, and continuous ketone body monitoring for optimal integration of SGLT-2 inhibitors into T1DM therapeutic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Elian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 5-7 Ion Movila Street, 020475 Bucharest, Romania; (V.E.); (G.R.)
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “N. C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 020475 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Violeta Popovici
- “Costin C. Kiriţescu” National Institute of Economic Research—Center for Mountain Economics (INCE-CEMONT) of Romanian Academy, 725700 Vatra-Dornei, Romania
| | - Oana Karampelas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- eBio-Hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 061344 Bucharest, Romania;
- Research Institute, University of Bucharest, 061344 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Radulian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 5-7 Ion Movila Street, 020475 Bucharest, Romania; (V.E.); (G.R.)
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “N. C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 020475 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Musat
- eBio-Hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 061344 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology IV, “C. I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
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Chondrelli N, Kuehn E, Meurling S, Cortázar-Chinarro M, Laurila A, Höglund J. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis strain affects transcriptomic response in liver but not skin in latitudinal populations of the common toad (Bufo bufo). Sci Rep 2024; 14:2495. [PMID: 38291226 PMCID: PMC10828426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a fungal pathogen that has decimated amphibian populations worldwide for several decades. We examined the changes in gene expression in response to Bd infection in two populations of the common toad, Bufo bufo, in a laboratory experiment. We collected B. bufo eggs in southern and northern Sweden, and infected the laboratory-raised metamorphs with two strains of the global panzoonotic lineage Bd-GPL. Differential expression analysis showed significant differences between infected and control individuals in both liver and skin. The skin samples showed no discernible differences in gene expression between the two strains used, while liver samples were differentiated by strain, with one of the strains eliciting no immune response from infected toads. Immune system genes were overexpressed in skin samples from surviving infected individuals, while in liver samples the pattern was more diffuse. Splitting samples by population revealed a stronger immune response in northern individuals. Differences in transcriptional regulation between populations are particularly relevant to study in Swedish amphibians, which may have experienced varying exposure to Bd. Earlier exposure to this pathogen and subsequent adaptation or selection pressure may contribute to the survival of some populations over others, while standing genetic diversity in different populations may also affect the infection outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Chondrelli
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Emily Kuehn
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Meurling
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Cortázar-Chinarro
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- MEMEG/Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jacob Höglund
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Albaik M, Sheikh Saleh D, Kauther D, Mohammed H, Alfarra S, Alghamdi A, Ghaboura N, Sindi IA. Bridging the gap: glucose transporters, Alzheimer's, and future therapeutic prospects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1344039. [PMID: 38298219 PMCID: PMC10824951 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1344039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the major source of chemical energy for cell functions in living organisms. The aim of this mini-review is to provide a clearer and simpler picture of the fundamentals of glucose transporters as well as the relationship of these transporters to Alzheimer's disease. This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Electronic databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect) were used to search for relevant studies mainly published during the period 2018-2023. This mini-review covers the two main types of glucose transporters, facilitated glucose transporters (GLUTs) and sodium-glucose linked transporters (SGLTs). The main difference between these two types is that the first type works through passive transport across the glucose concentration gradient. The second type works through active co-transportation to transport glucose against its chemical gradient. Fluctuation in glucose transporters translates into a disturbance of normal functioning, such as Alzheimer's disease, which may be caused by a significant downregulation of GLUTs most closely associated with insulin resistance in the brain. The first sign of Alzheimer's is a lack of GLUT4 translocation. The second sign is tau hyperphosphorylation, which is caused by GLUT1 and 3 being strongly upregulated. The current study focuses on the use of glucose transporters in treating diseases because of their proven therapeutic potential. Despite this, studies remain insufficient and inconclusive due to the complex and intertwined nature of glucose transport processes. This study recommends further understanding of the mechanisms related to these vectors for promising future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Albaik
- Department of Chemistry Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dana Kauther
- Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajira Mohammed
- Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shurouq Alfarra
- Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alghamdi
- Department of Biology Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehmat Ghaboura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikhlas A. Sindi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Yang K, Li X, Qiu T, Zhou J, Gong X, Lan Y, Ji Y. Effects of propranolol on glucose metabolism in hemangioma-derived endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115922. [PMID: 37956892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumor in children. Propranolol is the first-line treatment for IH, but the underlying mechanism of propranolol treatment in IH is not completely understood. Integrated transcriptional and metabolic analyses were performed to investigate the metabolic changes in hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (HemECs) after propranolol treatment. The findings were then further validated through independent cell experiments using a Seahorse XFp analyzer, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and mitochondrial functional assays. Thirty-four differentially expressed metabolites, including the glycolysis metabolites glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, were identified by targeted metabolomics. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the disturbances in these metabolites were highly related to glucose metabolism-related pathways, including the pentose phosphate pathway, the Warburg effect, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Transcriptional analysis revealed that metabolism-related pathways, including glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism, were highly enriched. Moreover, integration of the metabolomic and transcriptomic data revealed that glucose metabolism-related pathways, particularly glycolysis, were altered after propranolol treatment. Cell experiments demonstrated that HemECs exhibited higher levels of glycolysis than human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and that propranolol suppressed glycolysis in HemECs. In conclusion, propranolol inhibited glucose metabolism in HemECs by suppressing glucose metabolic pathways, particularly glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying Yang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xin Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, China
| | - Tong Qiu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuru Lan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yi Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Ren Y, He Z, Cao W, Liu Y, Ren J, Wang Y, Wang G, Fu Y, Hou J. Characterization and function of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) slc2a6 in response to lymphocystis disease virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109150. [PMID: 37838208 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Slc2a6 is a member of the slc2 family (solute carrier 2 family) and previous reports have indicated its involvement in the inflammatory response. Slc2a6 is regulated by the NF-ĸB signaling pathway. This study investigated the differential expression of slc2a6 in the early embryonic development of Japanese flounder, revealing that the early gastrula stage had the highest level of slc2a6 expression. Moreover, slc2a6 expression was increased in vitro after stimulation by lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV), and in vivo experiments also showed significantly elevated levels in the spleen and muscle tissues following LCDV stimulation. Subcellular localization revealed that Slc2a6 was expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells. The pcDNA3.1-slc2a6 overexpression plasmid was successfully constructed; the si-slc2a6 interfering strand was screened and samples were collected. The expression of NF-ĸB signaling pathway-related genes il-1β, il-6, nf-ĸb, and tnf-α was evaluated in overexpressed, silenced, and LCDV-stimulated samples. The results showed that slc2a6 is involved in viral regulation in Japanese flounder by regulating innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China; Bohai Sea Fishery Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China
| | - Yitong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China; Bohai Sea Fishery Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China
| | - Yuqin Ren
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China; Bohai Sea Fishery Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China
| | - Zhongwei He
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China; Bohai Sea Fishery Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China; Bohai Sea Fishery Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China; Bohai Sea Fishery Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China
| | - Jiangong Ren
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China; Bohai Sea Fishery Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China
| | - Yufen Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China; Bohai Sea Fishery Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China
| | - Guixing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China; Bohai Sea Fishery Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China
| | - Yuanshuai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jilun Hou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China; Bohai Sea Fishery Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China.
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8
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Yu DM, Zhao J, Lee EE, Kim D, Mahapatra R, Rose EK, Zhou Z, Hosler C, El Kurdi A, Choe JY, Abel ED, Hoxhaj G, Westover KD, Cho RJ, Cheng JB, Wang RC. GLUT3 promotes macrophage signaling and function via RAS-mediated endocytosis in atopic dermatitis and wound healing. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170706. [PMID: 37721853 PMCID: PMC10617774 DOI: 10.1172/jci170706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The facilitative GLUT1 and GLUT3 hexose transporters are expressed abundantly in macrophages, but whether they have distinct functions remains unclear. We confirmed that GLUT1 expression increased after M1 polarization stimuli and found that GLUT3 expression increased after M2 stimulation in macrophages. Conditional deletion of Glut3 (LysM-Cre Glut3fl/fl) impaired M2 polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Alternatively activated macrophages from the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis showed increased GLUT3 expression, and a calcipotriol-induced model of atopic dermatitis was rescued in LysM-Cre Glut3fl/fl mice. M2-like macrophages expressed GLUT3 in human wound tissues as assessed by transcriptomics and costaining, and GLUT3 expression was significantly decreased in nonhealing, compared with healing, diabetic foot ulcers. In an excisional wound healing model, LysM-Cre Glut3fl/fl mice showed significantly impaired M2 macrophage polarization and delayed wound healing. GLUT3 promoted IL-4/STAT6 signaling, independently of its glucose transport activity. Unlike plasma membrane-localized GLUT1, GLUT3 was localized primarily to endosomes and was required for the efficient endocytosis of IL-4Rα subunits. GLUT3 interacted directly with GTP-bound RAS in vitro and in vivo through its intracytoplasmic loop domain, and this interaction was required for efficient STAT6 activation and M2 polarization. PAK activation and macropinocytosis were also impaired without GLUT3, suggesting broader roles for GLUT3 in the regulation of endocytosis. Thus, GLUT3 is required for efficient alternative macrophage polarization and function, through a glucose transport-independent, RAS-mediated role in the regulation of endocytosis and IL-4/STAT6 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Yu
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eunice E. Lee
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dohun Kim
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute and
| | - Ruchika Mahapatra
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elysha K. Rose
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Calvin Hosler
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Abdullah El Kurdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gerta Hoxhaj
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute and
| | - Kenneth D. Westover
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Raymond J. Cho
- Department of Dermatology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Richard C. Wang
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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9
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Strogulski NR, Portela LV, Polster BM, Loane DJ. Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: Microglial immunometabolism in traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2023; 167:129-153. [PMID: 37759406 PMCID: PMC10655864 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating neurological disorder caused by a physical impact to the brain that promotes diffuse damage and chronic neurodegeneration. Key mechanisms believed to support secondary brain injury include mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic neuroinflammation. Microglia and brain-infiltrating macrophages are responsible for neuroinflammatory cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after TBI. Their production is associated with loss of homeostatic microglial functions such as immunosurveillance, phagocytosis, and immune resolution. Beyond providing energy support, mitochondrial metabolic pathways reprogram the pro- and anti-inflammatory machinery in immune cells, providing a critical immunometabolic axis capable of regulating immunologic response to noxious stimuli. In the brain, the capacity to adapt to different environmental stimuli derives, in part, from microglia's ability to recognize and respond to changes in extracellular and intracellular metabolite levels. This capacity is met by an equally plastic metabolism, capable of altering immune function. Microglial pro-inflammatory activation is associated with decreased mitochondrial respiration, whereas anti-inflammatory microglial polarization is supported by increased oxidative metabolism. These metabolic adaptations contribute to neuroimmune responses, placing mitochondria as a central regulator of post-traumatic neuroinflammation. Although it is established that profound neurometabolic changes occur following TBI, key questions related to metabolic shifts in microglia remain unresolved. These include (a) the nature of microglial mitochondrial dysfunction after TBI, (b) the hierarchical positions of different metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, glutaminolysis, and lipid oxidation during secondary injury and recovery, and (c) how immunometabolism alters microglial phenotypes, culminating in chronic non-resolving neuroinflammation. In this basic neurochemistry review article, we describe the contributions of immunometabolism to TBI, detail primary evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic impairments in microglia and macrophages, discuss how major metabolic pathways contribute to post-traumatic neuroinflammation, and set out future directions toward advancing immunometabolic phenotyping in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Strogulski
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis V. Portela
- Neurotrauma and Biomarkers Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Brian M. Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David J. Loane
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Fransen LFH, Leonard MO. Induced pluripotent and CD34+ stem cell derived myeloid cells display differential responses to particle and dust mite exposure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9375. [PMID: 37296179 PMCID: PMC10256772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells form an essential component of initial responses to environmental hazards and toxic exposures. The ability to model these responses in vitro is central to efforts tasked with identifying hazardous materials and understanding mechanisms of injury and disease. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived cells have been suggested as alternatives to more established primary cell testing systems for these purposes. iPSC derived macrophage and dendritic like cells were compared to CD34+ haematopoietic stem cell derived populations using transcriptomic analysis. Using single cell sequencing-based characterisation of iPSC derived myeloid cells, we identified transitional, mature and M2 like macrophages as well as dendritic like antigen presenting cells and fibrocytes. Direct transcriptomic comparisons between iPSC and CD34+ cell derived populations revealed higher expression of myeloid differentiation genes such as MNDA, CSF1R and CSF2RB in CD34+ cells, while iPSC populations had higher fibroblastic and proliferative markers. Exposure of differentiated macrophage populations to nanoparticle alone or in combination with dust mite, resulted in differential gene expression on combination only, with responses markedly absent in iPSC compared to CD34+ derived cells. The lack of responsiveness in iPSC derived cells may be attributable to lower levels of dust mite component receptors CD14, TLR4, CLEC7A and CD36. In summary, iPSC derived myeloid cells display typical characteristics of immune cells but may lack a fully mature phenotype to adequately respond to environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie F H Fransen
- Toxicology Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Martin O Leonard
- Toxicology Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK.
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11
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Tran VL, Liu P, Katsumura KR, Kim E, Schoff BM, Johnson KD, Bresnick EH. Restricting genomic actions of innate immune mediators on fetal hematopoietic progenitor cells. iScience 2023; 26:106297. [PMID: 36950124 PMCID: PMC10025987 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune signaling protects against pathogens, controls hematopoietic development, and functions in oncogenesis, yet the relationship between these mechanisms is undefined. Downregulating the GATA2 transcription factor in fetal hematopoietic progenitor cells upregulates genes encoding innate immune regulators, increases Interferon-γ (IFNγ) signaling, and disrupts differentiation. We demonstrate that deletion of an enhancer that confers GATA2 expression in fetal progenitors elevated Toll-like receptor (TLR) TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 expression and signaling. Rescue by expressing GATA2 downregulated elevated TLR signaling. IFNγ amplified TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 signaling in GATA2-deficient progenitors, synergistically activating cytokine/chemokine genes and elevating cytokine/chemokine production in myeloid cell progeny. Genomic analysis of how innate immune signaling remodels the GATA2-deficient progenitor transcriptome revealed hypersensitive responses at innate immune genes harboring motifs for signal-dependent transcription factors and factors not linked to these mechanisms. As GATA2 establishes a transcriptome that constrains innate immune signaling, insufficient GATA2 renders fetal progenitor cells hypersensitive to innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu L. Tran
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Koichi R. Katsumura
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erin Kim
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bjorn M. Schoff
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kirby D. Johnson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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12
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Schiffmann S, Henke M, Seifert M, Ulshöfer T, Roser LA, Magari F, Wendel HG, Grünweller A, Parnham MJ. Comparing the Effects of Rocaglates on Energy Metabolism and Immune Modulation on Cells of the Human Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065872. [PMID: 36982945 PMCID: PMC10051175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A promising new approach to broad spectrum antiviral drugs is the inhibition of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (elF4A), a DEAD-box RNA helicase that effectively reduces the replication of several pathogenic virus types. Beside the antipathogenic effect, modulation of a host enzyme activity could also have an impact on the immune system. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive study on the influence of elF4A inhibition with natural and synthetic rocaglates on various immune cells. The effect of the rocaglates zotatifin, silvestrol and CR-31-B (−), as well as the nonactive enantiomer CR-31-B (+), on the expression of surface markers, release of cytokines, proliferation, inflammatory mediators and metabolic activity in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MdMs), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MdDCs), T cells and B cells was assessed. The inhibition of elF4A reduced the inflammatory potential and energy metabolism of M1 MdMs, whereas in M2 MdMs, drug-specific and less target-specific effects were observed. Rocaglate treatment also reduced the inflammatory potential of activated MdDCs by altering cytokine release. In T cells, the inhibition of elF4A impaired their activation by reducing the proliferation rate, expression of CD25 and cytokine release. The inhibition of elF4A further reduced B-cell proliferation, plasma cell formation and the release of immune globulins. In conclusion, the inhibition of the elF4A RNA helicase with rocaglates suppressed the function of M1 MdMs, MdDCs, T cells and B cells. This suggests that rocaglates, while inhibiting viral replication, may also suppress bystander tissue injury by the host immune system. Thus, dosing of rocaglates would need to be adjusted to prevent excessive immune suppression without reducing their antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schiffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Marina Henke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michelle Seifert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulshöfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luise A. Roser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Francesca Magari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael J. Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals ehf, Bjargargata 1, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
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13
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Sun J, Gan L, Lv S, Wang T, Dai C, Sun J. Exposure to Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate drives ovarian dysfunction by inducing granulosa cell pyroptosis via the SLC39A5/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114625. [PMID: 36774801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been reported to affect populations by disrupting the human endocrine system. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an EDC that is present in various consumer products. Exposure to DEHP could contribute to reproductive system dysfunction, with subsequent adverse female reproductive outcomes. Granulosa cells (GCs) play essential roles in ovarian function and fertility. To further reveal the underlying mechanism by which DEHP impairs female fertility and affects the normal function of GCs, in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed. Transcript sequencing was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed in GCs after DEHP treatment. SLC39A5 was shown to be overexpressed in the DEHP group compared to the normal control group. DEHP treatment and overexpression of SLC39A5 activated NF-κB-related factors, followed by an increase in the transcript expression level of NLRP3. NLRP3 inflammasomes play crucial roles in pyroptosis by acting as sensors. Pyroptosis is a type of inflammation-related cell death associated with various diseases, including ovarian cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome. Activation of NF-κB contributed to the upregulation of pyroptosis in GCs, while pyroptosis factors were downregulated after the inhibition of NF-κB with JSH-23. The same phenomenon was also observed in a mouse model in which DEHP-treated mice had higher expression levels of NF-κB and pyroptosis markers in GCs. Moreover, this phenomenon could be partially reversed by the NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23. DEHP treatment also disrupted the normal expression of ovarian function-related genes and inhibited the proliferation of GCs. Reproductive system impairment was observed in mice exposed to DEHP. DEHP-treated mice had a lower body weight, smaller reproductive organs, fewer healthy follicles, and diminished ovarian reserve. Thus, DEHP contributes to ovarian dysfunction by inducing pyroptosis via the SLC39A5/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis in GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Gan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Siji Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chaoqun Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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14
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Ahmed D, Al-Daraawi M, Cassol E. Innate sensing and cellular metabolism: role in fine tuning antiviral immune responses. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:164-190. [PMID: 36822175 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies over the last decade have identified intimate links between cellular metabolism and macrophage function. Metabolism has been shown to both drive and regulate macrophage function by producing bioenergetic and biosynthetic precursors as well as metabolites (and other bioactive molecules) that regulate gene expression and signal transduction. Many studies have focused on lipopolysaccharide-induced reprogramming, assuming that it is representative of most inflammatory responses. However, emerging evidence suggests that diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are associated with unique metabolic profiles, which may drive pathogen specific immune responses. Further, these metabolic pathways and processes may act as a rheostat to regulate the magnitude of an inflammatory response based on the biochemical features of the local microenvironment. In this review, we will discuss recent work examining the relationship between cellular metabolism and macrophage responses to viral PAMPs and describe how these processes differ from lipopolysaccharide-associated responses. We will also discuss how an improved understanding of the specificity of these processes may offer new insights to fine-tune macrophage function during viral infections or when using viral PAMPs as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duale Ahmed
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malak Al-Daraawi
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Single-cell microglial transcriptomics during demyelination defines a microglial state required for lytic carcass clearance. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:82. [PMID: 36514132 PMCID: PMC9746011 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia regulate the response to injury and disease in the brain and spinal cord. In white matter diseases microglia may cause demyelination. However, how microglia respond and regulate demyelination is not fully understood. METHODS To understand how microglia respond during demyelination, we fed mice cuprizone-a potent demyelinating agent-and assessed the dynamics of genetically fate-mapped microglia. We then used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify and track the microglial subpopulations that arise during demyelination. To understand how microglia contribute to the clearance of dead oligodendrocytes, we ablated microglia starting at the peak of cuprizone-induced cell death and used the viability dye acridine orange to monitor apoptotic and lytic cell morphologies after microglial ablation. Lastly, we treated serum-free primary microglial cultures to model distinct aspects of cuprizone-induced demyelination and assessed the response. RESULTS The cuprizone diet generated a robust microglial response by week 4 of the diet. Single-cell RNA sequencing at this time point revealed the presence of several cuprizone-associated microglia (CAM) clusters. These clusters expressed a transcriptomic signature indicative of cytokine regulation and reactive oxygen species production with altered lysosomal and metabolic changes consistent with ongoing phagocytosis. Using acridine orange to monitor apoptotic and lytic cell death after microglial ablation, we found that microglia preferentially phagocytose lytic carcasses. In culture, microglia exposed to lytic carcasses partially recapitulated the CAM state, suggesting that phagocytosis contributes to this distinct microglial state during cuprizone demyelination. CONCLUSIONS Microglia serve multiple roles during demyelination, yet their transcriptomic state resembles other neurodegenerative conditions. The phagocytosis of cellular debris is likely a universal cause for a common neurodegenerative microglial state.
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16
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McMillin SL, Evans PL, Taylor WM, Weyrauch LA, Sermersheim TJ, Welc SS, Heitmeier MR, Hresko RC, Hruz PW, Koumanov F, Holman GD, Abel ED, Witczak CA. Muscle-Specific Ablation of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) Does Not Impair Basal or Overload-Stimulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1734. [PMID: 36551162 PMCID: PMC9776291 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is believed to solely mediate basal (insulin-independent) glucose uptake in skeletal muscle; yet recent work has demonstrated that mechanical overload, a model of resistance exercise training, increases muscle GLUT1 levels. The primary objective of this study was to determine if GLUT1 is necessary for basal or overload-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. Muscle-specific GLUT1 knockout (mGLUT1KO) mice were generated and examined for changes in body weight, body composition, metabolism, systemic glucose regulation, muscle glucose transporters, and muscle [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake ± the GLUT1 inhibitor BAY-876. [3H]-hexose uptake ± BAY-876 was also examined in HEK293 cells-expressing GLUT1-6 or GLUT10. mGLUT1KO mice exhibited no impairments in body weight, lean mass, whole body metabolism, glucose tolerance, basal or overload-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. There was no compensation by the insulin-responsive GLUT4. In mGLUT1KO mouse muscles, overload stimulated higher expression of mechanosensitive GLUT6, but not GLUT3 or GLUT10. In control and mGLUT1KO mouse muscles, 0.05 µM BAY-876 impaired overload-stimulated, but not basal glucose uptake. In the GLUT-HEK293 cells, BAY-876 inhibited glucose uptake via GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT6, and GLUT10. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GLUT1 does not mediate basal muscle glucose uptake and suggest that a novel glucose transport mechanism mediates overload-stimulated glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna L. McMillin
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Parker L. Evans
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - William M. Taylor
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Luke A. Weyrauch
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Tyler J. Sermersheim
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Steven S. Welc
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Monique R. Heitmeier
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Richard C. Hresko
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Paul W. Hruz
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey D. Holman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Carol A. Witczak
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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17
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Investigating the Expression and Function of the Glucose Transporter GLUT6 in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179798. [PMID: 36077188 PMCID: PMC9456207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related insulin resistance is a highly prevalent and growing health concern, which places stress on the pancreatic islets of Langerhans by increasing insulin secretion to lower blood glucose levels. The glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 play a key role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human islets, while GLUT2 is the key isoform in rodent islets. However, it is unclear whether other glucose transporters also contribute to insulin secretion by pancreatic islets. Herein, we show that SLC2A6 (GLUT6) is markedly upregulated in pancreatic islets from genetically obese leptin-mutant (ob/ob) and leptin receptor-mutant (db/db) mice, compared to lean controls. Furthermore, we observe that islet SLC2A6 expression positively correlates with body mass index in human patients with type 2 diabetes. To investigate whether GLUT6 plays a functional role in islets, we crossed GLUT6 knockout mice with C57BL/6 ob/ob mice. Pancreatic islets isolated from ob/ob mice lacking GLUT6 secreted more insulin in response to high-dose glucose, compared to ob/ob mice that were wild type for GLUT6. The loss of GLUT6 in ob/ob mice had no adverse impact on body mass, body composition, or glucose tolerance at a whole-body level. This study demonstrates that GLUT6 plays a role in pancreatic islet insulin secretion in vitro but is not a dominant glucose transporter that alters whole-body metabolic physiology in ob/ob mice.
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18
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Zhang X, Lu JJ, Abudukeyoumu A, Hou DY, Dong J, Wu JN, Liu LB, Li MQ, Xie F. Glucose transporters: Important regulators of endometrial cancer therapy sensitivity. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933827. [PMID: 35992779 PMCID: PMC9389465 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is of great importance in cancer cellular metabolism. Working together with several glucose transporters (GLUTs), it provides enough energy for biological growth. The main glucose transporters in endometrial cancer (EC) are Class 1 (GLUTs 1–4) and Class 3 (GLUTs 6 and 8), and the overexpression of these GLUTs has been observed. Apart from providing abundant glucose uptake, these highly expressed GLUTs also participate in the activation of many crucial signaling pathways concerning the proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of EC. In addition, overexpressed GLUTs may also cause endometrial cancer cells (ECCs) to be insensitive to hormone therapy or even resistant to radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, GLUT inhibitors may hopefully become a sensitizer for EC precision-targeted therapies. This review aims to summarize the expression regulation, function, and therapy sensitivity of GLUTs in ECCs, aiming to provide a new clue for better diagnosis and treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical and Intrauterine Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jing Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ayitila Abudukeyoumu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Yu Hou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical and Intrauterine Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Nan Wu
- Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Bing Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Xie, ; Ming-Qing Li,
| | - Feng Xie
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical and Intrauterine Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Xie, ; Ming-Qing Li,
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19
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Slc2a6 regulates myoblast differentiation by targeting LDHB. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:107. [PMID: 35850889 PMCID: PMC9290262 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global health problem. It often leads to a decline in the differentiation capacity of myoblasts and progressive loss of muscle mass, which in turn results in deterioration of skeletal muscle function. However, effective therapies against skeletal muscle diseases are unavailable. Methods Skeletal muscle mass and differentiation ability were determined in db/+ and db/db mice. Transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches were used to explore the genetic mechanism regulating myoblast differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts. Results In this study, the relatively uncharacterized solute carrier family gene Slc2a6 was found significantly up-regulated during myogenic differentiation and down-regulated during diabetes-induced muscle atrophy. Moreover, RNAi of Slc2a6 impaired the differentiation and myotube formation of C2C12 myoblasts. Both metabolomics and RNA-seq analyses showed that the significantly differentially expressed genes (e.g., LDHB) and metabolites (e.g., Lactate) during the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts post-Slc2a6-RNAi were enriched in the glycolysis pathway. Furthermore, we show that Slc2a6 regulates the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts partly through the glycolysis pathway by targeting LDHB, which affects lactic acid accumulation. Conclusion Our study broadens the understanding of myogenic differentiation and offers the Slc2a6-LDHB axis as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes-associated muscle atrophy. Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00915-2.
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20
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Li DD, Jawale CV, Zhou C, Lin L, Trevejo-Nunez GJ, Rahman SA, Mullet SJ, Das J, Wendell SG, Delgoffe GM, Lionakis MS, Gaffen SL, Biswas PS. Fungal sensing enhances neutrophil metabolic fitness by regulating antifungal Glut1 activity. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:530-544.e6. [PMID: 35316647 PMCID: PMC9026661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Combating fungal pathogens poses metabolic challenges for neutrophils, key innate cells in anti-Candida albicans immunity, yet how host-pathogen interactions cause remodeling of the neutrophil metabolism is unclear. We show that neutrophils mediate renal immunity to disseminated candidiasis by upregulating glucose uptake via selective expression of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1). Mechanistically, dectin-1-mediated recognition of β-glucan leads to activation of PKCδ, which triggers phosphorylation, localization, and early glucose transport by a pool of pre-formed Glut1 in neutrophils. These events are followed by increased Glut1 gene transcription, leading to more sustained Glut1 accumulation, which is also dependent on the β-glucan/dectin-1/CARD9 axis. Card9-deficient neutrophils show diminished glucose incorporation in candidiasis. Neutrophil-specific Glut1-ablated mice exhibit increased mortality in candidiasis caused by compromised neutrophil phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. In human neutrophils, β-glucan triggers metabolic remodeling and enhances candidacidal function. Our data show that the host-pathogen interface increases glycolytic activity in neutrophils by regulating Glut1 expression, localization, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Dong Li
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chetan V Jawale
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chunsheng Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giraldina J Trevejo-Nunez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Syed A Rahman
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven J Mullet
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy G Wendell
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Partha S Biswas
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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21
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Sun J, Tan X, Yang X, Bai L, Kong F, Zhao G, Wen J, Liu R. Identification of Candidate Genes for Meat Color of Chicken by Combing Selection Signature Analyses and Differentially Expressed Genes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020307. [PMID: 35205354 PMCID: PMC8872516 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat color, an important index of chicken quality, is highly related to heme pigment, glycolysis, and intramuscular fat metabolisms. The objective of this study is to obtain candidate genes associated with meat color in chickens based on the comparison of fast-growing, white-feathered chickens (Line B) and slow-growing, yellow-feathered chickens (Jingxing Yellow), which have significant differences in meat color. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Line B and Jingxing Yellow were identified in beast muscle. The fixation index (FST) method was used to detect signatures of positive selection between the two breeds. Screening of 1109 genes by the FST and 1317 candidate DEGs identified by RNA-seq. After gene ontology analysis along with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, 16 genes associated with glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, protein metabolism, and heme content were identified as candidate genes that regulate the color of chicken breast meat, especially TBXAS1 (redness), GDPD5 (yellowness), SLC2A6 (lightness), and MMP27 (lightness). These findings should be helpful for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms and developing molecular markers to facilitate the selection of chicken meat color.
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22
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Cheng J, Cai W, Zong S, Yu Y, Wei F. Metabolite transporters as regulators of macrophage polarization. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 395:13-25. [PMID: 34851450 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are myeloid immune cells, present in virtually all tissues which exhibit considerable functional plasticity and diversity. Macrophages are often subdivided into two distinct subsets described as classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. It has recently emerged that metabolites regulate the polarization and function of macrophages by altering metabolic pathways. These metabolites often cannot freely pass the cell membrane and are therefore transported by the corresponding metabolite transporters. Here, we reviewed how glucose, glutamate, lactate, fatty acid, and amino acid transporters are involved in the regulation of macrophage polarization. Understanding the interactions among metabolites, metabolite transporters, and macrophage function under physiological and pathological conditions may provide further insights for novel drug targets for the treatment of macrophage-associated diseases. In Brief Recent studies have shown that the polarization and function of macrophages are regulated by metabolites, most of which cannot pass freely through biofilms. Therefore, metabolite transporters required for the uptake of metabolites have emerged seen as important regulators of macrophage polarization and may represent novel drug targets for the treatment of macrophage-associated diseases. Here, we summarize the role of metabolite transporters as regulators of macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 2600233030, Anhui, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 2600233030, Anhui, China
| | - Shiye Zong
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 2600233030, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 2600233030, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 2600233030, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, Anhui, China.
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23
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Francis D, Ghazanfar S, Havula E, Krycer JR, Strbenac D, Senior A, Minard AY, Geddes T, Nelson ME, Weiss F, Stöckli J, Yang JYH, James DE. Genome-wide analysis in Drosophila reveals diet-by-gene interactions and uncovers diet-responsive genes. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6287063. [PMID: 34568906 PMCID: PMC8496270 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors play a major role in metabolic health. However, they do not act in isolation, as a change in an environmental factor such as diet may exert different effects based on an individual’s genotype. Here, we sought to understand how such gene–diet interactions influenced nutrient storage and utilization, a major determinant of metabolic disease. We subjected 178 inbred strains from the Drosophila genetic reference panel (DGRP) to diets varying in sugar, fat, and protein. We assessed starvation resistance, a holistic phenotype of nutrient storage and utilization that can be robustly measured. Diet influenced the starvation resistance of most strains, but the effect varied markedly between strains such that some displayed better survival on a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) compared to a high-fat diet while others had opposing responses, illustrating a considerable gene × diet interaction. This demonstrates that genetics plays a major role in diet responses. Furthermore, heritability analysis revealed that the greatest genetic variability arose from diets either high in sugar or high in protein. To uncover the genetic variants that contribute to the heterogeneity in starvation resistance, we mapped 566 diet-responsive SNPs in 293 genes, 174 of which have human orthologs. Using whole-body knockdown, we identified two genes that were required for glucose tolerance, storage, and utilization. Strikingly, flies in which the expression of one of these genes, CG4607 a putative homolog of a mammalian glucose transporter, was reduced at the whole-body level, displayed lethality on a HCD. This study provides evidence that there is a strong interplay between diet and genetics in governing survival in response to starvation, a surrogate measure of nutrient storage efficiency and obesity. It is likely that a similar principle applies to higher organisms thus supporting the case for nutrigenomics as an important health strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne Francis
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Shila Ghazanfar
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Essi Havula
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - James R Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dario Strbenac
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alistair Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Annabel Y Minard
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas Geddes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Fiona Weiss
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Stöckli
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jean Y H Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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24
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Xu C, Chen H. A Ferroptosis-Related Gene Model Predicts Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment for Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:697043. [PMID: 34447410 PMCID: PMC8384470 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.697043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous melanoma is a common but aggressive tumor. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered cell death with important roles in tumor biology. Nevertheless, the prognostic power of ferroptosis-linked genes remained unclear in cutaneous melanoma. Methods Cutaneous melanoma patients of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) were taken as the training cohort while GSE65904 and GSE22153 as the validation cohorts. Multifactor Cox regression model was used to build a prognostic model, and the performance of the model was assessed. Functional enrichment and immune infiltration analysis were used to clarify the mechanisms. Results A five ferroptosis-linked gene predictive model was developed. ALOX5 and GCH1 were illustrated as independent predictive factors. Functional assessment showed enriched immune-linked cascades. Immune infiltrating analysis exhibited the distinct immune microenvironment. Conclusion Herein, a novel ferroptosis-related gene prognostic model was built in cutaneous melanoma. This model could be used for prognostic prediction, and maybe helpful for the targeted and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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25
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Basit F, van Oorschot T, van Buggenum J, Derks RJE, Kostidis S, Giera M, de Vries IJM. Metabolomic and lipidomic signatures associated with activation of human cDC1 (BDCA3 + /CD141 + ) dendritic cells. Immunology 2021; 165:99-109. [PMID: 34431087 PMCID: PMC9426619 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) bridge the connection between innate and adaptive immunity. DCs present antigens to T cells and stimulate potent cytotoxic T‐cell responses. Metabolic reprogramming is critical for DC development and activation; however, metabolic adaptations and regulation in DC subsets remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we mapped metabolomic and lipidomic signatures associated with the activation phenotype of human conventional DC type 1, a DC subset specialized in cross‐presentation and therefore of major importance for the stimulation of CD8+ T cells. Our metabolomics and lipidomic analyses showed that Toll‐like receptor (TLR) stimulation altered glycerolipids and amino acids in cDC1. Poly I:C or pRNA stimulation reduced triglycerides and cholesterol esters, as well as various amino acids. Moreover, TLR stimulation reduced expression of glycolysis‐regulating genes and did not induce glycolysis. Conversely, cDC1 exhibited increased mitochondrial content and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) upon TLR3 or TLR7/8 stimulation. Our findings highlight the metabolic adaptations required for cDC1 maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Basit
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Oorschot
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessie van Buggenum
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rico J E Derks
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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26
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Zhou HC, Xin-Yan Yan, Yu WW, Liang XQ, Du XY, Liu ZC, Long JP, Zhao GH, Liu HB. Lactic acid in macrophage polarization: The significant role in inflammation and cancer. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:4-18. [PMID: 34304685 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1955876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite lactic acid has always been regarded as a metabolic by-product rather than a bioactive molecule. Recently, this view has changed since it was discovered that lactic acid can be used as a signal molecule and has novel signal transduction functions both intracellular and extracellular, which can regulate key functions in the immune system. In recent years, more and more evidence has shown that lactic acid is closely related to the metabolism and polarization of macrophages. During inflammation, lactic acid is a regulator of macrophage metabolism, and it can prevent excessive inflammatory responses; In malignant tumors, lactic acid produced by tumor tissues promotes the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages, which in turn promotes tumor progression. In this review, we examined the relationship between lactic acid and macrophage metabolism. We further discussed how lactic acid plays a role in maintaining the homeostasis of macrophages, as well as the biology of macrophage polarization and the M1/M2 imbalance in human diseases. Potential methods to target lactic acid in the treatment of inflammation and cancer will also be discussed so as to provide new strategies for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Cun Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R.China
| | - Xin-Yan Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Qin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Yan Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jian-Ping Long
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R.China
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27
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Hussein NA, Malla S, Pasternak MA, Terrero D, Brown NG, Ashby CR, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS, Tiwari AK. The role of endolysosomal trafficking in anticancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 57:100769. [PMID: 34217999 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a major obstacle towards curative treatment of cancer. Despite considerable progress in delineating the basis of intrinsic and acquired MDR, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Emerging evidences suggest that dysregulation in endolysosomal compartments is involved in mediating MDR through multiple mechanisms, such as alterations in endosomes, lysosomes and autophagosomes, that traffic and biodegrade the molecular cargo through macropinocytosis, autophagy and endocytosis. For example, altered lysosomal pH, in combination with transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated lysosomal biogenesis, increases the sequestration of hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs that are weak bases, thereby producing an insufficient and off-target accumulation of anti-cancer drugs in MDR cancer cells. Thus, the use of well-tolerated, alkalinizing compounds that selectively block Vacuolar H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase) may be an important strategy to overcome MDR in cancer cells and increase chemotherapeutic efficacy. Other mechanisms of endolysosomal-mediated drug resistance include increases in the expression of lysosomal proteases and cathepsins that are involved in mediating carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Therefore, blocking the trafficking and maturation of lysosomal proteases or direct inhibition of cathepsin activity in the cytosol may represent novel therapeutic modalities to overcome MDR. Furthermore, endolysosomal compartments involved in catabolic pathways, such as macropinocytosis and autophagy, are also shown to be involved in the development of MDR. Here, we review the role of endolysosomal trafficking in MDR development and discuss how targeting endolysosomal pathways could emerge as a new therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Saloni Malla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Mariah A Pasternak
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - David Terrero
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Noah G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA.
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28
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Capece D, D’Andrea D, Begalli F, Goracci L, Tornatore L, Alexander JL, Di Veroli A, Leow SC, Vaiyapuri TS, Ellis JK, Verzella D, Bennett J, Savino L, Ma Y, McKenzie JS, Doria ML, Mason SE, Chng KR, Keun HC, Frost G, Tergaonkar V, Broniowska K, Stunkel W, Takats Z, Kinross JM, Cruciani G, Franzoso G. Enhanced triacylglycerol catabolism by carboxylesterase 1 promotes aggressive colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137845. [PMID: 33878036 PMCID: PMC8159693 DOI: 10.1172/jci137845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to adapt to low-nutrient microenvironments is essential for tumor cell survival and progression in solid cancers, such as colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Signaling by the NF-κB transcription factor pathway associates with advanced disease stages and shorter survival in patients with CRC. NF-κB has been shown to drive tumor-promoting inflammation, cancer cell survival, and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) dedifferentiation in mouse models of CRC. However, whether NF-κB affects the metabolic adaptations that fuel aggressive disease in patients with CRC is unknown. Here, we identified carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) as an essential NF-κB-regulated lipase linking obesity-associated inflammation with fat metabolism and adaptation to energy stress in aggressive CRC. CES1 promoted CRC cell survival via cell-autonomous mechanisms that fuel fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and prevent the toxic build-up of triacylglycerols. We found that elevated CES1 expression correlated with worse outcomes in overweight patients with CRC. Accordingly, NF-κB drove CES1 expression in CRC consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4), which is associated with obesity, stemness, and inflammation. CES1 was also upregulated by gene amplifications of its transcriptional regulator HNF4A in CMS2 tumors, reinforcing its clinical relevance as a driver of CRC. This subtype-based distribution and unfavorable prognostic correlation distinguished CES1 from other intracellular triacylglycerol lipases and suggest CES1 could provide a route to treat aggressive CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Capece
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniel D’Andrea
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Begalli
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Tornatore
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James L. Alexander
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Di Veroli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Shi-Chi Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), and
| | - Thamil S. Vaiyapuri
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - James K. Ellis
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Verzella
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Bennett
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Savino
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James S. McKenzie
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Luisa Doria
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam E. Mason
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hector C. Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Frost
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | | | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Kinross
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Franzoso
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Faass L, Stein SC, Hauke M, Gapp M, Albanese M, Josenhans C. Contribution of Heptose Metabolites and the cag Pathogenicity Island to the Activation of Monocytes/Macrophages by Helicobacter pylori. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632154. [PMID: 34093525 PMCID: PMC8174060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori activates human epithelial cells by a particular combination of mechanisms, including NOD1 and ALPK1-TIFA activation. These mechanisms are characterized by a strong participation of the bacterial cag pathogenicity island, which forms a type IV secretion system (CagT4SS) that enables the bacteria to transport proteins and diverse bacterial metabolites, including DNA, glycans, and cell wall components, into human host cells. Building on previous findings, we sought to determine the contribution of lipopolysaccharide inner core heptose metabolites (ADP-heptose) in the activation of human phagocytic cells by H. pylori. Using human monocyte/macrophage-like Thp-1 cells and human primary monocytes and macrophages, we were able to determine that a substantial part of early phagocytic cell activation, including NF-κB activation and IL-8 production, by live H. pylori is triggered by bacterial heptose metabolites. This effect was very pronounced in Thp-1 cells exposed to bacterial purified lysates or pure ADP-heptose, in the absence of other bacterial MAMPs, and was significantly reduced upon TIFA knock-down. Pure ADP-heptose on its own was able to strongly activate Thp-1 cells and human primary monocytes/macrophages. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of Thp-1 cells co-incubated with live H. pylori or pure ADP-heptose confirmed a signature of ADP-heptose-dependent transcript activation in monocyte/macrophages. Bacterial enzyme-treated lysates (ETL) and pure ADP-heptose–dependent activation differentiated monocytes into macrophages of predominantly M1 type. In Thp-1 cells, the active CagT4SS was less required for the heptose-induced proinflammatory response than in epithelial cells, while active heptose biosynthesis or pure ADP-heptose was required and sufficient for their early innate response and NF-κB activation. The present data suggest that early activation and maturation of incoming and resident phagocytic cells (monocytes, macrophages) in the H. pylori–colonized stomach strongly depend on bacterial LPS inner core heptose metabolites, also with a significant contribution of an active CagT4SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Faass
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Chair for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Saskia C Stein
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Hauke
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Chair for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Madeleine Gapp
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Chair for Virology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Albanese
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Chair for Virology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Josenhans
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Chair for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZIF, Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
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30
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Matsuo S, Hiasa M, Omote H. Functional characterization and tissue localization of the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT12. J Biochem 2020; 168:611-620. [PMID: 32761185 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) play crucial roles in glucose utilization and homeostasis. GLUT12 was initially isolated as a novel GLUT4-like transporter involved in insulin-dependent glucose transport. However, tissue distribution and biochemical properties of GLUT12 are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the basic kinetic properties and tissue distribution of GLUT12. Human GLUT12 and GLUT1 were overexpressed and purified using Ni-NTA column chromatography. Reconstituted proteoliposomes showed time-dependent d-glucose transport activity, which was inhibited by phloretin and dehydroascorbate. Dose dependence of glucose transport revealed a KM and Vmax values of 6.4 mM and 1.2 μmol/mg/min, respectively, indicating that GLUT12 is a high-affinity type GLUT. Glucose transport by GLUT12 was inhibited by ATP and glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate and disaccharides (properties similar to those of GLUT1). Indirect immunohistochemistry revealed the distribution of mouse GLUT12 in the apical region of distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney and epithelial cells of the jejunum. In addition to these cells, GLUT12 was present in chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, the anterior pituitary lobe, as well as the thyroid and pyloric glands. These tissue distributions suggest a unique function of GLUT12, besides that of an insulin-dependent glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Matsuo
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Miki Hiasa
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Omote
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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31
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Weiss HJ, Angiari S. Metabolite Transporters as Regulators of Immunity. Metabolites 2020; 10:E418. [PMID: 33086598 PMCID: PMC7603148 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the rise of immunometabolism has fundamentally reshaped the face of immunology. As the functions and properties of many (immuno)metabolites have now been well described, their exchange among cells and their environment have only recently sparked the interest of immunologists. While many metabolites bind specific receptors to induce signaling cascades, some are actively exchanged between cells to communicate, or induce metabolic reprograming. In this review, we give an overview about how active metabolite transport impacts immune cell function and shapes immunological responses. We present some examples of how specific transporters feed into metabolic pathways and initiate intracellular signaling events in immune cells. In particular, we focus on the role of metabolite transporters in the activation and effector functions of T cells and macrophages, as prototype adaptive and innate immune cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke J. Weiss
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
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32
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Holman GD. Structure, function and regulation of mammalian glucose transporters of the SLC2 family. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1155-1175. [PMID: 32591905 PMCID: PMC7462842 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The SLC2 genes code for a family of GLUT proteins that are part of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of membrane transporters. Crystal structures have recently revealed how the unique protein fold of these proteins enables the catalysis of transport. The proteins have 12 transmembrane spans built from a replicated trimer substructure. This enables 4 trimer substructures to move relative to each other, and thereby alternately opening and closing a cleft to either the internal or the external side of the membrane. The physiological substrate for the GLUTs is usually a hexose but substrates for GLUTs can include urate, dehydro-ascorbate and myo-inositol. The GLUT proteins have varied physiological functions that are related to their principal substrates, the cell type in which the GLUTs are expressed and the extent to which the proteins are associated with subcellular compartments. Some of the GLUT proteins translocate between subcellular compartments and this facilitates the control of their function over long- and short-time scales. The control of GLUT function is necessary for a regulated supply of metabolites (mainly glucose) to tissues. Pathophysiological abnormalities in GLUT proteins are responsible for, or associated with, clinical problems including type 2 diabetes and cancer and a range of tissue disorders, related to tissue-specific GLUT protein profiles. The availability of GLUT crystal structures has facilitated the search for inhibitors and substrates and that are specific for each GLUT and that can be used therapeutically. Recent studies are starting to unravel the drug targetable properties of each of the GLUT proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D Holman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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33
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Glucose transporters in brain in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1299-1343. [PMID: 32789766 PMCID: PMC7462931 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Energy demand of neurons in brain that is covered by glucose supply from the blood is ensured by glucose transporters in capillaries and brain cells. In brain, the facilitative diffusion glucose transporters GLUT1-6 and GLUT8, and the Na+-d-glucose cotransporters SGLT1 are expressed. The glucose transporters mediate uptake of d-glucose across the blood-brain barrier and delivery of d-glucose to astrocytes and neurons. They are critically involved in regulatory adaptations to varying energy demands in response to differing neuronal activities and glucose supply. In this review, a comprehensive overview about verified and proposed roles of cerebral glucose transporters during health and diseases is presented. Our current knowledge is mainly based on experiments performed in rodents. First, the functional properties of human glucose transporters expressed in brain and their cerebral locations are described. Thereafter, proposed physiological functions of GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, and SGLT1 for energy supply to neurons, glucose sensing, central regulation of glucohomeostasis, and feeding behavior are compiled, and their roles in learning and memory formation are discussed. In addition, diseases are described in which functional changes of cerebral glucose transporters are relevant. These are GLUT1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-SD), diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). GLUT1-SD is caused by defect mutations in GLUT1. Diabetes and AD are associated with changed expression of glucose transporters in brain, and transporter-related energy deficiency of neurons may contribute to pathogenesis of AD. Stroke and TBI are associated with changes of glucose transporter expression that influence clinical outcome.
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34
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Renaudin F, Orliaguet L, Castelli F, Fenaille F, Prignon A, Alzaid F, Combes C, Delvaux A, Adimy Y, Cohen-Solal M, Richette P, Bardin T, Riveline JP, Venteclef N, Lioté F, Campillo-Gimenez L, Ea HK. Gout and pseudo-gout-related crystals promote GLUT1-mediated glycolysis that governs NLRP3 and interleukin-1β activation on macrophages. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1506-1514. [PMID: 32699039 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophage activation by monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals mediates an interleukin (IL)-1β-dependent inflammation during gout and pseudo-gout flare, respectively. Since metabolic reprogramming of macrophages goes along with inflammatory responses dependently on stimuli and tissue environment, we aimed to decipher the role of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in the IL-1β-induced microcrystal response. METHODS Briefly, an in vitro study (metabolomics and real-time extracellular flux analysis) on MSU and CPP crystal-stimulated macrophages was performed to demonstrate the metabolic phenotype of macrophages. Then, the role of aerobic glycolysis in IL-1β production was evaluated, as well in vitro as in vivo using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging and glucose uptake assay, and molecular approach of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibition. RESULTS We observed that MSU and CPP crystals led to a metabolic rewiring toward the aerobic glycolysis pathway explained by an increase in GLUT1 plasma membrane expression and glucose uptake on macrophages. Also, neutrophils isolated from human synovial fluid during gout flare expressed GLUT1 at their plasma membrane more frequently than neutrophils isolated from bloodstream. Both glucose deprivation and treatment with either 2-deoxyglucose or GLUT1 inhibitor suppressed crystal-induced NLRP3 activation and IL-1β production, and microcrystal inflammation in vivo. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we demonstrated that GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake is instrumental during the inflammatory IL-1β response induced by MSU and CPP crystals. These findings open new therapeutic paths to modulate crystal-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Renaudin
- Universite de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR-S 1132, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Orliaguet
- Universite de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Centre de Recherche des Cordelier, Paris, France
| | - Florence Castelli
- Service de Pharmacologie et immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRAE, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Service de Pharmacologie et immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRAE, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurelie Prignon
- UMS28 Phénotypage du Petit Animal, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Moléculaire Positonique (LIMP), F-75020, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Universite de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Centre de Recherche des Cordelier, Paris, France
| | - Christele Combes
- UMR 5085 INPT-UPS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, ENSIACET, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Delvaux
- Service de Pharmacologie et immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRAE, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yasmina Adimy
- Service de Pharmacologie et immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRAE, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Universite de Paris, Paris, France.,Bone and Joint Laboratory, INSERM U1132, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Richette
- Universite de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR-S 1132, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bardin
- Universite de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR-S 1132, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Riveline
- Universite de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Centre de Recherche des Cordelier, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Universite de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Centre de Recherche des Cordelier, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lioté
- Universite de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR-S 1132, F-75010, Paris, France
| | | | - Hang-Korng Ea
- Universite de Paris, Paris, France .,INSERM, UMR-S 1132, F-75010, Paris, France
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35
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Insulin Resistance Does Not Impair Mechanical Overload-Stimulated Glucose Uptake, but Does Alter the Metabolic Fate of Glucose in Mouse Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134715. [PMID: 32630335 PMCID: PMC7370044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle glucose uptake and glucose metabolism are impaired in insulin resistance. Mechanical overload stimulates glucose uptake into insulin-resistant muscle; yet the mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect remain poorly understood. This study examined whether a differential partitioning of glucose metabolism is part of the mechanosensitive mechanism underlying overload-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle. Mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce insulin resistance. Plantaris muscle overload was induced by unilateral synergist ablation. After 5 days, muscles were excised for the following measurements: (1) [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake; (2) glycogen; 3) [5-3H]-glucose flux through glycolysis; (4) lactate secretion; (5) metabolites; and (6) immunoblots. Overload increased glucose uptake ~80% in both insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant muscles. Overload increased glycogen content ~20% and this was enhanced to ~40% in the insulin-resistant muscle. Overload did not alter glycolytic flux, but did increase muscle lactate secretion 40–50%. In both insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant muscles, overload increased 6-phosphogluconate levels ~150% and decreased NADP:NADPH ~60%, indicating pentose phosphate pathway activation. Overload increased protein O-GlcNAcylation ~45% and this was enhanced to ~55% in the insulin-resistant muscle, indicating hexosamine pathway activation. In conclusion, insulin resistance does not impair mechanical overload-stimulated glucose uptake but does alter the metabolic fate of glucose in muscle.
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36
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Heterogeneity of Glucose Transport in Lung Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060868. [PMID: 32517099 PMCID: PMC7356687 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased glucose uptake is a known hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells need glucose for energy production via glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and also to fuel the pentose phosphate pathway, the serine biosynthetic pathway, lipogenesis, and the hexosamine pathway. For this reason, glucose transport inhibition is an emerging new treatment for different malignancies, including lung cancer. However, studies both in animal models and in humans have shown high levels of heterogeneity in the utilization of glucose and other metabolites in cancer, unveiling a complexity that is difficult to target therapeutically. Here, we present an overview of different levels of heterogeneity in glucose uptake and utilization in lung cancer, with diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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37
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Caruana BT, Byrne FL. The NF-κB signalling pathway regulates GLUT6 expression in endometrial cancer. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109688. [PMID: 32512041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene and protein expression of the glucose transporter GLUT6 are elevated in multiple cancers, including endometrial cancer. However, the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms that regulate GLUT6 expression in this malignancy are unknown. Herein we investigate the potential mechanisms regulating GLUT6 expression in endometrial cancer. METHODS Data mining of the GLUT6 gene (SLC2A6) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PanCan datasets was performed in cBioPortal. A transcriptome PCR array was used to identify regulators of GLUT6 expression. The role of RELA in regulating GLUT6 gene and protein expression was investigated by overexpressing constitutively active and dominant-negative RELA in endometrial cells. Endometrial cells were treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα and the expression of RELA, IκBα, TNFα, and GLUT6 were examined by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. RESULTS GLUT6 is altered in 1% of all cancer samples (157 of 10, 967 samples) within TCGA datasets including 4.7% of uterine (endometrial) cancers. GLUT6 expression was positively co-expressed with multiple members of the NF-κB signalling pathway including NFKB2, RELB, NFKBIE, and TNF in endometrial cancer samples. A transcriptome PCR array identified RELA as the top potential transcriptional regulator of GLUT6 expression. Overexpression of constitutively active RELA increased GLUT6 gene expression in normal endometrial epithelial cells (hUE-Ts), while overexpression of dominant-negative RELA decreased GLUT6 expression in cancerous RL95-2 endometrial cells. TNFα treatment activated canonical NF-κB signalling and increased the expression of GLUT6, but not that of other glucose transporters (GLUTs 1, 3, 4, 8, 10, or 12) in endometrial cells. CONCLUSIONS TNFα is a cytokine that is commonly increased in obesity-related endometrial cancer and the findings herein support a potential mechanism whereby TNFα may contribute to endometrial cancer initiation or progression by increasing GLUT6 expression. Furthermore, we identified RELA, an important downstream mediator of the TNFα signalling cascade, as a regulator of GLUT6 expression in endometrial cells. Future studies are warranted to determine how GLUT6 expression affects endometrial tumourigenesis or cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth T Caruana
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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38
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Tattikota SG, Cho B, Liu Y, Hu Y, Barrera V, Steinbaugh MJ, Yoon SH, Comjean A, Li F, Dervis F, Hung RJ, Nam JW, Ho Sui S, Shim J, Perrimon N. A single-cell survey of Drosophila blood. eLife 2020; 9:e54818. [PMID: 32396065 PMCID: PMC7237219 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila blood cells, called hemocytes, are classified into plasmatocytes, crystal cells, and lamellocytes based on the expression of a few marker genes and cell morphologies, which are inadequate to classify the complete hemocyte repertoire. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to map hemocytes across different inflammatory conditions in larvae. We resolved plasmatocytes into different states based on the expression of genes involved in cell cycle, antimicrobial response, and metabolism together with the identification of intermediate states. Further, we discovered rare subsets within crystal cells and lamellocytes that express fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ligand branchless and receptor breathless, respectively. We demonstrate that these FGF components are required for mediating effective immune responses against parasitoid wasp eggs, highlighting a novel role for FGF signaling in inter-hemocyte crosstalk. Our scRNA-seq analysis reveals the diversity of hemocytes and provides a rich resource of gene expression profiles for a systems-level understanding of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bumsik Cho
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | | | - Sang-Ho Yoon
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Fangge Li
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Franz Dervis
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ruei-Jiun Hung
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jin-Wu Nam
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Jiwon Shim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
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Reckzeh ES, Waldmann H. Development of Glucose Transporter (GLUT) Inhibitors. European J Org Chem 2020; 2020:2321-2329. [PMID: 32421048 PMCID: PMC7217229 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of novel compound classes endowed with biological activity is at the heart of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry research. This enables novel biological insights and inspires new approaches to the treatment of diseases. Cancer cells frequently exhibit altered glycolysis and glucose metabolism and an increased glucose demand. Thus, targeting glucose uptake and metabolism may open up novel opportunities for the discovery of compounds that differentiate between normal and malignant cells. This review discusses the different chemical approaches to the development of novel inhibitors of glucose uptake through facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs), and focusses on the most advanced and potent inhibitor classes known to date. GLUT inhibitors may find application not only in the treatment of cancer, but also of other proliferative diseases that exhibit glucose addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S. Reckzeh
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto‐Hahn‐Str. 1144227DortmundGermany
- Department Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto‐Hahn‐Str. 4a44227DortmundGermany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto‐Hahn‐Str. 1144227DortmundGermany
- Department Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto‐Hahn‐Str. 4a44227DortmundGermany
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40
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Callender LA, Carroll EC, Bober EA, Akbar AN, Solito E, Henson SM. Mitochondrial mass governs the extent of human T cell senescence. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13067. [PMID: 31788930 PMCID: PMC6996952 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to senesce differs, with CD8+ T cells acquiring an immunosenescent phenotype faster than the CD4+ T cell compartment. We show here that it is the inherent difference in mitochondrial content that drives this phenotype, with senescent human CD4+ T cells displaying a higher mitochondrial mass. The loss of mitochondria in the senescent human CD8+ T cells has knock-on consequences for nutrient usage, metabolism and function. Senescent CD4+ T cells uptake more lipid and glucose than their CD8+ counterparts, leading to a greater metabolic versatility engaging either an oxidative or a glycolytic metabolism. The enhanced metabolic advantage of senescent CD4+ T cells allows for more proliferation and migration than observed in the senescent CD8+ subset. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to both cellular senescence and aging; however, it is still unclear whether mitochondria play a causal role in senescence. Our data show that reducing mitochondrial function in human CD4+ T cells, through the addition of low-dose rotenone, causes the generation of a CD4+ T cell with a CD8+ -like phenotype. Therefore, we wish to propose that it is the inherent metabolic stability that governs the susceptibility to an immunosenescent phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Callender
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth C. Carroll
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Life SciencesIT SligoSligoIreland
| | - Emilia A. Bober
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of Infection and ImmunityDepartment of ImmunologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Egle Solito
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sian M. Henson
- Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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Franaszczyk M, Truszkowska G, Chmielewski P, Rydzanicz M, Kosinska J, Rywik T, Biernacka A, Spiewak M, Kostrzewa G, Stepien-Wojno M, Stawinski P, Bilinska M, Krajewski P, Zielinski T, Lutynska A, Bilinska ZT, Ploski R. Analysis of De Novo Mutations in Sporadic Cardiomyopathies Emphasizes Their Clinical Relevance and Points to Novel Candidate Genes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020370. [PMID: 32013205 PMCID: PMC7073782 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of cardiomyopathies have an autosomal dominant inheritance; hence, genetic testing is typically offered to patients with a positive family history. A de novo mutation is a new germline mutation not inherited from either parent. The purpose of our study was to search for de novo mutations in patients with cardiomyopathy and no evidence of the disease in the family. Using next-generation sequencing, we analyzed cardiomyopathy genes in 12 probands. In 8 (66.7%), we found de novo variants in known cardiomyopathy genes (TTN, DSP, SCN5A, TNNC1, TPM1, CRYAB, MYH7). In the remaining probands, the analysis was extended to whole exome sequencing in a trio (proband and parents). We found de novo variants in genes that, so far, were not associated with any disease (TRIB3, SLC2A6), a possible disease-causing biallelic genotype (APOBEC gene family), and a de novo mosaic variant without strong evidence of pathogenicity (UNC45A). The high prevalence of de novo mutations emphasizes that genetic screening is also indicated in cases of sporadic cardiomyopathy. Moreover, we have identified novel cardiomyopathy candidate genes that are likely to affect immunological function and/or reaction to stress that could be especially relevant in patients with disease onset associated with infection/infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Franaszczyk
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (M.F.)
| | - Grazyna Truszkowska
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (M.F.)
| | - Przemyslaw Chmielewski
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Rydzanicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kosinska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rywik
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Biernacka
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Spiewak
- Magnetic Resonance Unit, Department of Radiology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Kostrzewa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Stepien-Wojno
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Stawinski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Bilinska
- Department of Arrhythmia, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Krajewski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zielinski
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lutynska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia T. Bilinska
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (Z.T.B.); (R.P.); Tel.: +48-223434710 (Z.T.B.); +48-225720695 (R.P.)
| | - Rafal Ploski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (Z.T.B.); (R.P.); Tel.: +48-223434710 (Z.T.B.); +48-225720695 (R.P.)
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Solute carrier transporters: the metabolic gatekeepers of immune cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:61-78. [PMID: 31993307 PMCID: PMC6977534 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier (SLC) transporters meditate many essential physiological functions, including nutrient uptake, ion influx/efflux, and waste disposal. In its protective role against tumors and infections, the mammalian immune system coordinates complex signals to support the proliferation, differentiation, and effector function of individual cell subsets. Recent research in this area has yielded surprising findings on the roles of solute carrier transporters, which were discovered to regulate lymphocyte signaling and control their differentiation, function, and fate by modulating diverse metabolic pathways and balanced levels of different metabolites. In this review, we present current information mainly on glucose transporters, amino-acid transporters, and metal ion transporters, which are critically important for mediating immune cell homeostasis in many different pathological conditions.
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Key Words
- 3-PG, 3-phosphoglyceric acid
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor
- AP-1, activator protein 1
- ASCT2, alanine serine and cysteine transporter system 2
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BCR, B cell receptor
- BMDMs, bone marrow-derived macrophages
- CD45R, a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- DC, dendritic cells
- EAATs, excitatory amino acid transporters
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERRα, estrogen related receptor alpha
- FFA, free fatty acids
- G-6-P, glucose 6-phosphate
- GLUT, glucose transporters
- GSH, glutathione
- Glucose
- Glutamine
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
- HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1
- Hk1, hexokinase-1
- IFNβ, interferon beta
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IKK, IκB kinase
- IKKβ, IκB kinase beta subunit
- IL, interleukin
- LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Lymphocytes
- Lyn, tyrosine-protein kinase
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCT, monocarboxylate transporters
- MS, multiple sclerosis
- Metal ion
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOD2, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2
- PEG2, prostaglandin E2
- PI-3K/AKT, phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase/serine–threonine kinase
- PPP, pentose phosphate pathway
- Pfk, phosphofructokinase
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RLR, RIG-I-like receptor
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SLC, solute carrier
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- SNAT, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters
- STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription
- Solute carrier
- TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRPM7, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7
- Teffs, effector T cells
- Th1/2/17, type 1/2/17 helper T cells
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- ZIP, zrt/irt-like proteins
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- iTregs, induced regulatory T cells
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
- α-KG, α-ketoglutaric acid
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Lizák B, Szarka A, Kim Y, Choi KS, Németh CE, Marcolongo P, Benedetti A, Bánhegyi G, Margittai É. Glucose Transport and Transporters in the Endomembranes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235898. [PMID: 31771288 PMCID: PMC6929180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is a basic nutrient in most of the creatures; its transport through biological membranes is an absolute requirement of life. This role is fulfilled by glucose transporters, mediating the transport of glucose by facilitated diffusion or by secondary active transport. GLUT (glucose transporter) or SLC2A (Solute carrier 2A) families represent the main glucose transporters in mammalian cells, originally described as plasma membrane transporters. Glucose transport through intracellular membranes has not been elucidated yet; however, glucose is formed in the lumen of various organelles. The glucose-6-phosphatase system catalyzing the last common step of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis generates glucose within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Posttranslational processing of the oligosaccharide moiety of glycoproteins also results in intraluminal glucose formation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. Autophagic degradation of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids leads to glucose accumulation in lysosomes. Despite the obvious necessity, the mechanism of glucose transport and the molecular nature of mediating proteins in the endomembranes have been hardly elucidated for the last few years. However, recent studies revealed the intracellular localization and functional features of some glucose transporters; the aim of the present paper was to summarize the collected knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Lizák
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.L.); (C.E.N.); (G.B.)
| | - András Szarka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Yejin Kim
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Y.K.); (K.-s.C.)
| | - Kyu-sung Choi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Y.K.); (K.-s.C.)
| | - Csilla E. Németh
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.L.); (C.E.N.); (G.B.)
| | - Paola Marcolongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (P.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Angelo Benedetti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (P.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.L.); (C.E.N.); (G.B.)
| | - Éva Margittai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Y.K.); (K.-s.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-459-1500 (ext. 60311); Fax: +36-1-2662615
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