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Zhang Z, Su H, Li Q, Li M. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Response of Seed Germination of Peganum harmala to Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1649. [PMID: 38931081 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Peganum harmala L. is a perennial herbaceous plant that plays critical roles in protecting the ecological environment in arid, semi-arid, and desert areas. Although the seed germination characteristics of P. harmala in response to environmental factors (i.e., drought, temperature, and salt) have been investigated, the response mechanism of seed germination to drought conditions has not yet been revealed. In this study, the changes in the physiological characteristics and transcriptional profiles in seed germination were examined under different polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations (0-25%). The results show that the seed germination rate was significantly inhibited with an increase in the PEG concentration. Totals of 3726 and 10,481 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were, respectively, generated at 5% and 25% PEG vs. the control (C), with 1642 co-expressed DEGs, such as drought stress (15), stress response (175), and primary metabolism (261). The relative expression levels (RELs) of the key genes regulating seed germination in response to drought stress were in accordance with the physiological changes. These findings will pave the way to increase the seed germination rate of P. harmala in drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hongyan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qingen Li
- Station of Forestry and Grassland, Alxa Right Banner 737300, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Elshamly AMS, Nassar SMA. Impacts of cobalt and zinc on improving peanuts nutrient uptake, yield and irrigation water use efficiency under different irrigation levels. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7188. [PMID: 38531917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of proper fertigation across various irrigation levels is necessary for maximizing peanut yield and irrigation use efficiency in arid areas, and it also can effectively alleviate the risk of nutrient deficiency induced by water stress. This study evaluated the effectiveness of cobalt combined with two zinc application methods on peanut nutrient uptake, yield, and irrigation water use efficiency across varying irrigation levels. A split-split plot experiment was carried out in 2021 and 2022. Three peanut gross water requirement (GWR) levels (100%, 80%, and 60%) were designated for main plots. Subplots featured plants treated with either 0 or 7.5 mg L-1 of cobalt. The sub-sub plots assessed chelated zinc effects at rates of 0 and 2 g L-1 via foliar and soil applications. In comparison to the control (100% GWR), nutrient uptake decreased, with sodium being the exception, and there was an increase in soil pH at 60% GWR. The results showed also significant reductions in yield and water use by approximately 60.3% and 38.1%, respectively. At this irrigation level, applying zinc via soil, either alone or combined with cobalt, led to significant yield increases of 89.7% and 191.3% relative to the control. Also, it's crucial to note that cobalt application negatively affected iron and copper at 60% GWR, but this impact was lessened with soil-applied zinc. Hence, under a similar circumstance, treating stressed peanut plants with additional foliar applications of iron + copper and applying zinc via soil, could enhance nutrient uptake and improve yield. On the other hand, at 80% GWR, a combination of foliar-applied zinc and cobalt, had a tremendous impact on the absorption of (nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc), resulting in enhanced agronomic traits and decreased water losses. Additionally, at this irrigation level, foliar zinc application alone yielded a 32.4% increase compared to the 80% GWR control. When combined with cobalt, there was a 70.0% surge in water use. Based on this knowledge, the study suggests using 80% GWR and treating peanut plants with a combination of foliar-applied zinc and cobalt. This strategy aids plants in countering the adverse effects of water stress, ultimately leading to enhanced yield and irrigation water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M S Elshamly
- Water Studies and Research Complex, National Water Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Saad M A Nassar
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
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Elshamly AMS, Parrey ZA, Gaafar ARZ, Siddiqui MH, Hussain S. Potassium humate and cobalt enhance peanut tolerance to water stress through regulation of proline, antioxidants, and maintenance of nutrient homeostasis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1625. [PMID: 38238388 PMCID: PMC10796332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Water stress is an important factor that substantially impacts crop production. As a result, there is a need for various strategies that can mitigate these negative effects. One such strategy is the application of potassium humate (Kh) and cobalt (Co), which have been reported to enhance the resistance of crop plants. Therefore, the present experiment was designed to investigate whether the application of Kh and Co could positively affect proline, chlorophyll and mineral elements contents, and antioxidant defense systems which in turn will mitigate the negative impact of water stress under different irrigation strategies. In 2021 and 2022, an open-field experiments were conducted by using a split-plot design. The main plots were divided to represent different irrigation strategies (ST), with additional control of full irrigation requirements (ST1). Four STs were implemented, with ST1, followed by the application of 75%, 50%, and 25% irrigation strategies in ST2, ST3, and ST4 respectively, in the next irrigation, followed by the full requirements, and so on. In the subplots, peanut plants were treated with tap water (Control), Kh at 2 g l-1 and 3 g l-1, Co, Co + Kh 2 g l-1 and Co + Kh 3 g l-1. The yield was negatively affected by the implementation of ST4, despite the increase in proline contents. Furthermore, there was a decrease in relative water content, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes, protein, and mineral nutrient elements. However, the application of Kh or Co showed better improvements in most of the studied parameters. It is worth noting that there was an antagonistic relationship between Co and iron/manganese, and the intensity of this relationship was found to depend on the STs implemented. The highest mineral nutrient accumulation, chlorophyll content, relative water content, protein content, oil content, seed yield, and water productivity were observed when peanut plants were treated with Kh 3 g l-1 + Co under the ST2 water strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M S Elshamly
- Water Studies and Research Complex, National Water Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Zubair Ahmad Parrey
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Abdel-Rhman Z Gaafar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadam Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Makale AR, Mourice SK, Kapinga FA. Spatial-temporal variability in under-canopy soil fertility and nutritional contents of cashew trees in Makonde Plateau of southeastern Tanzania. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22321. [PMID: 38053893 PMCID: PMC10694330 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted out to evaluate the soil fertility in under the cashew tree canopy and nutritional contents of cashew trees on the Makonde Plateau in southeast Tanzania. Seven villages were included, all of which were geographically close to one another yet had the same agro-ecology. The cashew plant samples were taken above the same longitudinal segment as the soil samples, which were taken in under canopies of cashew trees. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc, Sodium, and Copper) were all examined in the samples. However, soils were analysed for Organic Carbon, Organic Matter, and pH with soil samples taken at two different depths of 0-30 cm and 30-50 cm, these tests were conducted during the wet and dry seasons. The results confirmed that Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, and Iron varied significantly with soil depth, as well as with soil depth, seasons, and their interactions, for Organic Carbon and Organic Matter. During the wet season, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Zinc concentrations in cashew trees were all statistically higher. Nitrogen and Phosphorus were significantly strong and positively (r = 0.95) correlated in cashew plants with respect to all other nutrients, suggesting synergistic effects. These results imply that macro nutrients including Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium, and micronutrients such as Iron, Zinc, Sodium and Copper limit cashew production in the research area. It is necessary to determine site-specific recommendations and dosages for these nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah R. Makale
- Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Tanzania Agriculture Research Institute (TARI), Center of Naliendele, 10 Newala Road, P.O. Box 509, Mtwara, Tanzania
| | - Sixbert K. Mourice
- Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Fortunus A. Kapinga
- Tanzania Agriculture Research Institute (TARI), Center of Naliendele, 10 Newala Road, P.O. Box 509, Mtwara, Tanzania
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Costa MG, de Mello Prado R, Dos Santos Sarah MM, de Souza AES, de Souza Júnior JP. Silicon mitigates K deficiency in maize by modifying C, N, and P stoichiometry and nutritional efficiency. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16929. [PMID: 37805565 PMCID: PMC10560233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K) deficiency in maize plants damages the nutritional functions of K. However, few studies have investigated the influence of K on C:N:P stoichiometry, the nutritional efficiency of these nutrients, and whether the mitigating effect of Si in plants under stress could act on these nutritional mechanisms involved with C, N, and P to mitigate K deficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of K deficiency in the absence and presence of Si on N and P uptake, C:N:P stoichiometric homeostasis, nutritional efficiency, photosynthetic rate, and dry matter production of maize plants. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions using a 2 × 2 factorial scheme comprising two K concentrations: potassium deficiency (7.82 mg L-1) and potassium sufficiency (234.59 mg L-1). These concentrations were combined with the absence (0.0 mg L-1) and presence of Si (56.17 mg L-1), arranged in randomized blocks with five replicates. Potassium deficiency decreased stoichiometric ratios (C:N and C:P) and the plant's C, N, and P accumulation. Furthermore, it decreased the use efficiency of these nutrients, net photosynthesis, and biomass of maize plants. The results showed that Si supply stood out in K-deficient maize plants by increasing the C, N, and P accumulation. Moreover, it decreased stoichiometric ratios (C:N, C:P, N:P, C:Si, N:Si, and P:Si) and increased the efficiencies of uptake, translocation, and use of nutrients, net photosynthesis, and dry matter production of maize plants. Therefore, the low nutritional efficiency of C, N, and P caused by K deficiency in maize plants can be alleviated with the supply of 56.17 mg L-1 of Si in the nutrient solution. It changes C:N:P stoichiometry and favors the use efficiency of these nutrients, which enhances the photosynthesis and sustainability of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Garcia Costa
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marcilene Machado Dos Santos Sarah
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Antônia Erica Santos de Souza
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Jonas Pereira de Souza Júnior
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
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Ribeiro AT, Teodoro GS, da Silva KC, Pereira-Matos YC, Batista BL, Lobato AKS. 24-Epibrassinolide alleviates drought effects in young Carapa guianensis plants, improving the hydraulic safety margin, gas exchange and antioxidant defence. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:924-934. [PMID: 37549227 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme events such as droughts, limiting plant growth and productivity. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators, such as 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), might be a solution as this molecule is organic, eco-friendly, and biodegradable. This is the first research to examine possible roles of EBR on the hydraulic safety margin, physiological behaviour, and metabolism in Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae) exposed to drought. C. guianensis is a widely distributed tree in tropical forests of the Amazon. The objective was to determine whether EBR can improve tolerance to water deficit in young C. guianensis by measuring hydraulic traits, nutritional, biochemical and physiological responses, and biomass. The experiment had four randomized treatments: two water conditions (control and water deficit) and two concentrations of EBR (0 and 100 nM EBR). EBR increased the water potential and hydraulic safety margin, increased CO2 fixation, and improved stomatal performance. EBR also stimulated antioxidant defences (SOD, CAT, APX, and POX). Overall, tretreatment with EBR improved drought tolerance of young C. guianensis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - G S Teodoro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - K C da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Y C Pereira-Matos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
| | - B L Batista
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A K S Lobato
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
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Fresno DH, Munné-Bosch S. Organ-specific responses during acclimation of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal tomato plants to a mild water stress reveal differential local and systemic hormonal and nutritional adjustments. PLANTA 2023; 258:32. [PMID: 37368074 PMCID: PMC10300162 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Tomato plant acclimation to a mild water stress implied tissue-specific hormonal and nutrient adjustments, being the root one of the main modulators of this response. Phytohormones are key regulators of plant acclimation to water stress. However, it is not yet clear if these hormonal responses follow specific patterns depending on the plant tissue. In this study, we evaluated the organ-specific physiological and hormonal responses to a 14 day-long mild water stress in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Moneymaker) in the presence or absence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoglomus irregulare, a frequently used microorganism in agriculture. Several physiological, production, and nutritional parameters were evaluated throughout the experiments. Additionally, endogenous hormone levels in roots, leaves, and fruits at different developmental stages were quantified by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Water deficit drastically reduced shoot growth, while it did not affect fruit production. In contrast, fruit production was enhanced by mycorrhization regardless of the water treatment. The main tissue affected by water stress was the root system, where huge rearrangements in different nutrients and stress-related and growth hormones took place. Abscisic acid content increased in every tissue and fruit developmental stage, suggesting a systemic response to drought. On the other hand, jasmonate and cytokinin levels were generally reduced upon water stress, although this response was dependent on the tissue and the hormonal form. Finally, mycorrhization improved plant nutritional status content of certain macro and microelements, specially at the roots and ripe fruits, while it affected jasmonate response in the roots. Altogether, our results suggest a complex response to drought that consists in systemic and local combined hormonal and nutrient responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Fresno
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Li S, Yang L, Huang X, Zou Z, Zhang M, Guo W, Addo-Danso SD, Zhou L. Mineral Nutrient Uptake, Accumulation, and Distribution in Cunninghamia lanceolata in Response to Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112140. [PMID: 37299119 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mineral accumulation in plants under drought stress is essential for drought tolerance. The distribution, survival, and growth of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.), an evergreen conifer, can be affected by climate change, particularly seasonal precipitation and drought. Hence, we designed a drought pot experiment, using 1-year-old Chinese fir plantlets, to evaluate drought effects under simulated mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought, which corresponds to 60%, 50%, and 40% of soil field maximum moisture capacity, respectively. A treatment of 80% of soil field maximum moisture capacity was used as control. Effects of drought stress on mineral uptake, accumulation, and distribution in Chinese fir organs were determined under different drought stress regimes for 0-45 days. Severe drought stress significantly increased phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) uptake at 15, 30 and 45 days, respectively, within fine (diameter < 2 mm), moderate (diameter 2-5 mm), and large (diameter 5-10 mm) roots. Drought stress decreased magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) uptake by fine roots and increased iron (Fe) uptake in fine and moderate roots but decreased Fe uptake in large roots. Severe drought stress increased P, K, calcium (Ca), Fe, sodium (Na), and aluminum (Al) accumulation in leaves after 45 days and increased Mg and Mn accumulation after 15 days. In stems, severe drought stress increased P, K, Ca, Fe, and Al in the phloem, and P, K, Mg, Na, and Al in the xylem. In branches, P, K, Ca, Fe, and Al concentrations increased in the phloem, and P, Mg, and Mn concentrations increased in the xylem under severe drought stress. Taken together, plants develop strategies to alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress, such as promoting the accumulation of P and K in most organs, regulating minerals concentration in the phloem and xylem, to prevent the occurrence of xylem embolism. The important roles of minerals in response to drought stress should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Li
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li Yang
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhiguang Zou
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Maxiao Zhang
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shalom Daniel Addo-Danso
- Forest and Climate Change Division, CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi P.O. Box UP 63 KNUST, Ghana
| | - Lili Zhou
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Borah P, Rene ER, Rangan L, Mitra S. Phytoremediation of nickel and zinc using Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata from the soils contaminated by municipal solid wastes and paper mill wastes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115055. [PMID: 36574797 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The primary source of soil pollution is a complex mixture of numerous inorganic and organic compounds (including chlorinated compounds, nutrients, and heavy metals, etc.). The presence of all of these compounds makes remediation and cleanup difficult. In this study, the phytoremediation ability of Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata was tested to remove nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) from paper mill and municipal landfill contaminated soils, to understand the uptake potential and to estimate the accumulation pattern of Ni and Zn in the vegetative parts of the plant. The experiments were carried out in pots (3 kg capacity) and the different combinations of soil were made by mixing the contaminated soil with a reference soil (forest soil) as T0, T25, T50, T75 and T100. The plant biomass, chlorophyll content, proline, nitrate reductase activity and metal removal efficiency (%)were determined after 120 DAS (i.e., the days after sowing). The results of the study showed that with increasing metal stress, there is a reduction in the above-ground biomass content in both the plant species with a slightly less impact on the root biomass. Over a period of 4 months, J. curcas and P. pinnata removed 82-86% and 93-90% Ni, respectively. The removal of Zn was significantly less as compared to Ni as most of the Zn remained in the belowground part (roots) and in the soil. Besides, the phytostabilization capacities of the plants were calculated on the basis of their tolerance index (TI), bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF). The low BAF and TF values with increasing heavy metals (HMs) content indicates its higher phytostabilization capacity in the root and rhizospheric region as compared to phytoaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Borah
- Department of Environmental Science, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Latha Rangan
- Applied Biodiversity Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sudip Mitra
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, School of Agro & Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India; Centre for Disaster Management and Research, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India.
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Jacques C, Girodet S, Leroy F, Pluchon S, Salon C, Prudent M. Memory or acclimation of water stress in pea rely on root system's plasticity and plant's ionome modulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1089720. [PMID: 36762182 PMCID: PMC9905705 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1089720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peas, as legume crops, could play a major role in the future of food security in the context of worldwide human nutrient deficiencies coupled with the growing need to reduce consumption of animal products. However, pea yields, in terms of quantity and quality (i.e. grain content), are both susceptible to climate change, and more specifically to water deficits, which nowadays occur more frequently during crop growth cycles and tend to last longer. The impact of soil water stress on plant development and plant growth is complex, as its impact varies depending on soil water availability (through the modulation of elements available in the soil), and by the plant's ability to acclimate to continuous stress or to memorize previous stress events. METHOD To identify the strategies underlying these plant responses to water stress events, pea plants were grown in controlled conditions under optimal water treatment and different types of water stress; transient (during vegetative or reproductive periods), recurrent, and continuous (throughout the plant growth cycle). Traits related to water, carbon, and ionome uptake and uses were measured and allowed the identification typical plant strategies to cope with water stress. CONCLUSION Our results highlighted (i) the common responses to the three types of water stress in shoots, involving manganese (Mn) in particular, (ii) the potential implications of boron (B) for root architecture modification under continuous stress, and (iii) the establishment of an "ecophysiological imprint" in the root system via an increase in nodule numbers during the recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Jacques
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Girodet
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Fanny Leroy
- Plateforme PLATIN’, US EMerode, Normandie Université, Unicaen, Caen, France
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Centre Mondial de l’Innovation Roullier, TIMAC AGRO, Saint Malo, France
| | - Christophe Salon
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marion Prudent
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Costa MG, de M Prado R, Sarah MMS, Palaretti LF, de C Piccolo M, Souza Júnior JP. New approaches to the effects of Si on sugarcane ratoon under irrigation in Quartzipsamments, Eutrophic Red Oxisol, and Dystrophic Red Oxisol. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:51. [PMID: 36694112 PMCID: PMC9872329 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C:N:P homeostasis in plants guarantees optimal levels of these nutrients in plant metabolism. H However, one of the causes to the effects of deficit irrigation is the loss of C:N:P homeostasis in leaves and stems that causes reduction in the growth of sugarcane. Being able to measure the impact of water deficit on C:N:P homeostasis in plants from the stoichiometric ratios of the concentrations of these nutrients in leaves and stems. This loss causes a decrease in nutritional efficiency, but can be mitigated with the use of silicon. Silicon favors the homeostasis of these nutrients and crop productivity. The magnitude of this benefit depends on the absorption of Si by the plant and Si availability in the soil, which varies with the type of soil used. Thus, this study aims to evaluate whether the application of Si via fertigation is efficient in increasing the absorption of Si and whether it is capable of modifying the homeostatic balance of C:N:P of the plant, causing an increase in nutritional efficiency and consequently in the production of biomass in leaves and stems of sugarcane ratoon cultivated with deficient and adequate irrigations in different tropical soils. RESULTS Water deficit caused biological losses in concentrations and accumulation of C, N, and P, and reduced the nutrient use efficiency and biomass production of sugarcane plants cultivated in three tropical soils due to disturbances in the stoichiometric homeostasis of C:N:P. The application of Si increased the concentration and accumulation of Si, C, N, and P and their use efficiency and reduced the biological damage caused by water deficit due to the modification of homeostatic balance of C:N:P by ensuring sustainability of the production of sugarcane biomass in tropical soils. However, the intensity of attenuation of such deleterious effects stood out in plants cultivated in Eutrophic Red Oxisols. Si contributed biologically by improving the performance of sugarcane ratoon with an adequate irrigation due to the optimization of stoichiometric ratios of C:N:P; increased the accumulation and the use efficiency of C, N, and P, and promoted production gains in biomass of sugarcane in three tropical soils. CONCLUSION Our study shows that fertigation with Si can mitigate the deleterious effects of deficient irrigation or potentiate the beneficial effects using an adequate irrigation system due to the induction of a new stoichiometric homeostasis of C:N:P, which in turn improves the nutritional efficiency of sugarcane cultivated in tropical soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton G Costa
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil.
| | - Renato de M Prado
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Marcilene M Santos Sarah
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Palaretti
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Marisa de C Piccolo
- Nuclear Energy Center in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Jonas P Souza Júnior
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
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Regulatory Mechanisms of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Plant Nutrition against Abiotic Stresses in Brassicaceae Family. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010211. [PMID: 36676160 PMCID: PMC9860783 DOI: 10.3390/life13010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Extreme environmental conditions, such as abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, heat, chilling and intense light), offer great opportunities to study how different microorganisms and plant nutrition can influence plant growth and development. The intervention of biological agents such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) coupled with proper plant nutrition can improve the agricultural importance of different plant species. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) belongs to the monophyletic taxon and consists of around 338 genera and 3709 species worldwide. Brassicaceae is composed of several important species of economical, ornamental and food crops (vegetables, cooking oils, forage, condiments and industrial species). Sustainable production of Brassicas plants has been compromised over the years due to several abiotic stresses and the unbalanced utilization of chemical fertilizers and uncertified chemicals that ultimately affect the environment and human health. This chapter summarized the influence of PGPRs and nutrient management in the Brassicaceae family against abiotic stresses. The use of PGPRs contributed to combating climate-induced change/abiotic factors such as drought, soil and water salinization and heavy metal contamination that limits the general performance of plants. Brassica is widely utilized as an oil and vegetable crop and is harshly affected by abiotic stresses. Therefore, the use of PGPRs along with proper mineral nutrients management is a possible strategy to cope with abiotic stresses by improving biochemical, physiological and growth attributes and the production of brassica in an eco-friendly environment.
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Shaffique S, Imran M, Kang SM, Khan MA, Asaf S, Kim WC, Lee IJ. Seed Bio-priming of wheat with a novel bacterial strain to modulate drought stress in Daegu, South Korea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118941. [PMID: 37180396 PMCID: PMC10173886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the major cereal crop grown food worldwide and, therefore, plays has a key role in alleviating the global hunger crisis. The effects of drought stress can reduces crop yields by up to 50% globally. The use of drought-tolerant bacteria for biopriming can improve crop yields by countering the negative effects of drought stress on crop plants. Seed biopriming can reinforce the cellular defense responses to stresses via the stress memory mechanism, that its activates the antioxidant system and induces phytohormone production. In the present study, bacterial strains were isolated from rhizospheric soil taken from around the Artemisia plant at Pohang Beach, located near Daegu, in the South Korea Republic of Korea. Seventy-three isolates were screened for their growth-promoting attributes and biochemical characteristics. Among them, the bacterial strain SH-8 was selected preferred based on its plant growth-promoting bacterial traits, which are as follows: abscisic acid (ABA) concentration = 1.08 ± 0.05 ng/mL, phosphate-solubilizing index = 4.14 ± 0.30, and sucrose production = 0.61 ± 0.13 mg/mL. The novel strain SH-8 demonstrated high tolerance oxidative stress. The antioxidant analysis also showed that SH-8 contained significantly higher levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbic peroxidase (APX). The present study also quantified and determined the effects of biopriming wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds with the novel strain SH-8. SH-8 was highly effective in enhancing the drought tolerance of bioprimed seeds; their drought tolerance and germination potential (GP) were increased by up to 20% and 60%, respectively, compared with those in the control group. The lowest level of impact caused by drought stress and the highest germination potential, seed vigor index (SVI), and germination energy (GE) (90%, 2160, and 80%, respectively), were recorded for seeds bioprimed with with SH-8. These results show that SH-8 enhances drought stress tolerance by up to 20%. Our study suggests that the novel rhizospheric bacterium SH-8 (gene accession number OM535901) is a valuable biostimulant that improves drought stress tolerance in wheat plants and has the potential to be used as a biofertilizer under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Shaffique
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Won-Chan Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Won-Chan Kim, ; In-Jung Lee,
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Won-Chan Kim, ; In-Jung Lee,
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Wang X, Schönbeck L, Gessler A, Yang Y, Rigling A, Yu D, He P, Li M. The effects of previous summer drought and fertilization on winter non-structural carbon reserves and spring leaf development of downy oak saplings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035191. [PMID: 36407605 PMCID: PMC9669721 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is still unknown whether the previous summer season drought and fertilization will affect the winter non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) reserves, spring leaf development, and mortality of trees in the next year. We, therefore, conducted an experiment with Quercus pubescens (downy oaks) saplings grown under four drought levels from field capacity (well-watered; ~25% volumetric water content) to wilting point (extreme drought; ~6%), in combination with two fertilizer treatments (0 vs. 50 kg/ha/year blended) for one growing season to answer this question. We measured the pre- and post-winter NSC, and calculated the over-winter NSC consumption in storage tissues (i.e. shoots and roots) following drought and fertilization treatment, and recorded the spring leaf phenology, leaf biomass, and mortality next year. The results showed that, irrespective of drought intensity, carbon reserves were abundant in storage tissues, especially in roots. Extreme drought did not significantly alter NSC levels in tissues, but delayed the spring leaf expansion and reduced the leaf biomass. Previous season fertilization promoted shoot NSC use in extreme drought-stressed saplings over winter (showing reduced carbon reserves in shoots after winter), but it also showed positive effects on survival next year. We conclude that: (1) drought-stressed downy oak saplings seem to be able to maintain sufficient mobile carbohydrates for survival, (2) fertilization can alleviate the negative effects of extreme drought on survival and recovery growth of tree saplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Schönbeck
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, United States
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yue Yang
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Andreas Rigling
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dapao Yu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng He
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Maihe Li
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Boakye TA, Li H, Osei R, Boamah S, Min Z, Ni C, Wu J, Shi M, Qiao W. Antagonistic Effect of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TL6 and TL13) on Fusarium solani and Fusarium avenaceum Causing Root Rot on Snow Pea Plants. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1148. [PMID: 36354916 PMCID: PMC9693188 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Snow pea root rot in China is caused by Fusarium solani (FSH) and Fusarium avenaceum (FAH), which affect snow pea production. The chemical control methods used against FSH and FAH are toxic to the environment and resistance may be developed in persistence applications. Therefore, an alternative approach is needed to control these pathogens. This study focuses on Trichoderma longibrachiatum strains (TL6 and TL13), mycoparasitic mechanisms of FSH and FAH, as well as growth-promoting potentials on snow pea seedlings under FSH and FAH stress at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. The average inhibitory rates of TL6 against FSH and FAH were 54.58% and 69.16%, respectively, on day 7. Similarly, TL13 average inhibitory rates against FSH and FAH were 59.06% and 71.27%, respectively, on day 7. The combined TL13 and TL6 with FSH and FAH reduced disease severity by 86.6, 81.6, 57.60, and 60.90%, respectively, in comparison to the controls. The snow pea plants inoculated with FSH and FAH without TL6 and TL13 increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents in the leaves by 64.8, 66.0, 64.4 and 65.9%, respectively, compared to the control. However, the combined FSH and FAH with TL6 and TL13 decreased the MDA and H2O2 content by 75.6, 76.8, 70.0, and 76.4%, respectively, in comparison to the controls. In addition, the combined TL6 + FSH and TL6 + FAH increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) by 60.5, 64.7, and 60.3%, respectively, and 60.0, 64.9, and 56.6%, respectively, compared to the controls. Again, compared to the controls, the combined TL13 + FSH and TL13 + FAH increased the activity of SOD, POD, and CAT by 69.7, 68.6, and 65.6%, respectively, and 70.10, 69.5, and 65.8%, respectively. Our results suggest that the pretreatment of snow pea seeds with TL6 and TL13 increases snow pea seedling growth, controls FSH and FAH root rot, increases antioxidant enzyme activity, and activates plant defense mechanisms. The TL13 strain had the greatest performance in terms of pathogen inhibition and snow pea growth promotion compared to the TL6 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Afriyie Boakye
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huixia Li
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Richard Osei
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Solomon Boamah
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhang Min
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunhui Ni
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jin Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wanqiang Qiao
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Insight into Recent Progress and Perspectives in Improvement of Antioxidant Machinery upon PGPR Augmentation in Plants under Drought Stress: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091763. [PMID: 36139837 PMCID: PMC9495777 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture has a lot of responsibility as the rise in the world’s population demands more food requirements. However, more than one type of biotic and abiotic stress continually impacts agricultural productivity. Drought stress is a major abiotic stress that significantly affects agricultural productivity every year as the plants undergo several morphological, biochemical, and physiological modifications, such as repressed root and shoot growth, reduced photosynthesis and transpiration rate, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), osmotic adjustments, and modified leaf senescence regulating and stress signaling pathways. Such modifications may permanently damage the plants; therefore, mitigation strategies must be developed. The use of drought resistant crop cultivars is more expensive and labor-intensive with few advantages. However, exploiting plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a proven alternative with numerous direct and indirect advantages. The PGPR confers induced systemic tolerance (IST) mechanisms in plants in response to drought stress via multiple mechanisms, including the alteration of root architecture, maintenance of high relative water content, improvement of photosynthesis rate, production of phytohormones, exopolysaccharides, ACC deaminase, carotenoids and volatiles, induction of antioxidant defense system, and alteration in stress-responsive gene expression. The commercial application of PGPR as bioinoculants or biostimulants will remain contingent on more robust strain selection and performance under unfavorable environmental conditions. This review highlights the possible mechanisms of PGPR by activating the plant adaptive defense systems for enhancing drought tolerance and improving overall growth and yield.
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Patel M, Fatnani D, Parida AK. Potassium deficiency stress tolerance in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) through ion homeostasis, activation of antioxidant defense, and metabolic dynamics: Alleviatory role of silicon supplementation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 182:55-75. [PMID: 35468526 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) scarcity of arable land is one of the important factors that hamper the growth of the plants and reduce yield worldwide. In the current study, we examine the physiological, biochemical, and metabolome response of Arachis hypogaea (GG7 genotype: fast-growing, tall, early maturing, and high yielding) under low K either solitary or in combination with Si to elucidate the ameliorative role of Si. The reduced fresh and dry biomass of peanut and photosynthetic pigments content was significantly alleviated by Si. Si application did not affect the leaf and stem K+, although it enhanced root K+ in K-limitation, which is probably due to up-regulated expression of genes responsible for K uptake. Si improves the potassium use efficiency in K-limitation as compared to control. K-deficiency increased MDA, O2•-, and H2O2 levels in leaf and root of peanut. Si improved/maintained the activity of antioxidative enzymes, which significantly lowered the ROS accumulation in K-limitation. The AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratio was approximately unaffected in both leaf and root, suggesting the maintained cellular redox potential in K-starved peanut. Si promotes accumulation of sugars and sugar alcohols, phytohormones indicating their probable involvement in signal transduction, osmotic regulation, and improvement of stress tolerance. Down-regulation of aspartic acid and glutamic acid while up-regulation of lysine, histidine, and arginine could maintain charge balance in K-deprived peanut. The significant accumulation of polyphenols under K limitation supplemented with Si suggests the role of polyphenols for ROS scavenging. Our results demonstrated that Si as a beneficial element can mitigate K-nutrient toxicity and improve KUE of peanut under K-limitation conditions. Moreover, our results demonstrate that Si application can improve crop yield, quality, and nutrient use efficiency under nutrient limitation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Patel
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhara Fatnani
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asish Kumar Parida
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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18
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Azmat A, Tanveer Y, Yasmin H, Hassan MN, Shahzad A, Reddy M, Ahmad A. Coactive role of zinc oxide nanoparticles and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for mitigation of synchronized effects of heat and drought stress in wheat plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:133982. [PMID: 35181419 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to investigate the potential of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) (fruit extract of Papaya) against heat and drought stress in wheat. The characterization of green-synthesized ZnO-NPs was done through UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Individual and combination of PGPR (Pseudomonas sp.) and ZnO-NPs (10 ppm) amendments were tested in a pot experiment to upregulate wheat defence system under three stress groups (drought, heat and combined heat and drought stress). Drought and heat stress synergistically caused higher damage to wheat plants than individual heat and drought stress. This observation was confirmed with remarkable higher MDA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Treated plants exposed to all stress groups showed an improved wheat growth and stress resistance through better biomass, photosynthetic pigments, nutrients, soluble sugars, protein and indole acetic acid content. Combination of ZnO-NPs and Pseudomonas sp. Protects the plants from all stress groups by producing higher proline, antioxidant enzymes i. e superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase, and abscisic acid. Moreover, higher stress alleviation by this treatment was manifested by marked reduced electrolyte leakage, MDA and H2O2. The findings of current study confirmed that the synergistic actions of PGPR and ZnO-NPs can rescue plants from both single and combined heat and drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Azmat
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yashfa Tanveer
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Asim Shahzad
- Department of Botany, Mohi- Ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, 12080, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | | | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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The Effect of Changing Climatic Conditions on the Morphological Traits and Chemical Composition of Almond Kernels. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of two contrasting years, in terms of climatic parameters, on kernel morphology and content and on the composition of oil, tocopherols and the 11 macro- and micro-elements in almonds. Low precipitation and high temperatures increased the content of tocopherols, Cu and Zn but decreased the kernel ratio, the oil content, and the levels of macro-elements and of Cr, Fe, Mn and Mo. The obtained data indicate some statistically significant correlations among the kernel quality parameters and climate. A small variation in oil concentration with the highest value in ‘Texas’ (60.07%) was observed. The main tocopherol homologue was α-tocopherol (39.4 to 404.4 mg/100 g DW), representing more than 90% of the total tocopherols. Potassium was predominant (882.0 to 1104.5 mg/100 g), followed by phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and sodium. The most abundant micro-elements were iron (3.095 to 3.708 mg/100 g) and zinc (2.641 to 4.765 mg/100 g), followed by manganese, copper, molybdenum and chromium. The genotype 15/03 has the highest level of health-promoting compounds (α-tocopherol, potassium and zinc), so that, together with genotype 25/03 which showed the best response to changing climatic conditions, this genotype could be of interest for breeding programs.
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20
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Bashir SS, Hussain A, Hussain SJ, Wani OA, Zahid Nabi S, Dar NA, Baloch FS, Mansoor S. Plant drought stress tolerance: understanding its physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.2020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shanawaz Bashir
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjuman Hussain
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sofi Javed Hussain
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Owais Ali Wani
- Department of Soil Science, FoA, Wadura, Sopore, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology Shalimar Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh Zahid Nabi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
| | - Niyaz A. Dar
- ARSSSS Pampore, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Faheem Shehzad Baloch
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
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Muhammad Aslam M, Waseem M, Jakada BH, Okal EJ, Lei Z, Saqib HSA, Yuan W, Xu W, Zhang Q. Mechanisms of Abscisic Acid-Mediated Drought Stress Responses in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031084. [PMID: 35163008 PMCID: PMC8835272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the major constraints to rain-fed agricultural production, especially under climate change conditions. Plants evolved an array of adaptive strategies that perceive stress stimuli and respond to these stress signals through specific mechanisms. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a premier signal for plants to respond to drought and plays a critical role in plant growth and development. ABA triggers a variety of physiological processes such as stomatal closure, root system modulation, organizing soil microbial communities, activation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression, and metabolic alterations. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of ABA-mediated drought responses in plants is critical for ensuring crop yield and global food security. In this review, we highlighted how plants adjust ABA perception, transcriptional levels of ABA- and drought-related genes, and regulation of metabolic pathways to alter drought stress responses at both cellular and the whole plant level. Understanding the synergetic role of drought and ABA will strengthen our knowledge to develop stress-resilient crops through integrated advanced biotechnology approaches. This review will elaborate on ABA-mediated drought responses at genetic, biochemical, and molecular levels in plants, which is critical for advancement in stress biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.M.A.); (Z.L.); (W.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal 51600, Pakistan;
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Bello Hassan Jakada
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Eyalira Jacob Okal
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Zuliang Lei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.M.A.); (Z.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Hafiz Sohaib Ahmad Saqib
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.M.A.); (Z.L.); (W.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.M.A.); (Z.L.); (W.X.)
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (Q.Z.)
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Irshad M, Ullah F, Fahad S, Mehmood S, Khan AU, Brtnicky M, Kintl A, Holatko J, Irshad I, El-Sharnouby M, EL Sabagh A, Datta R, Danish S. Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. leaves mulching on wheat growth and biochemical attributes under water stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:303. [PMID: 34187364 PMCID: PMC8240320 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organic mulches are widely used in crop production systems. Due to their benefits in improving soil fertility, retention of soil moisture and weed control. Field experiments were conducted during wheat growing seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 to evaluate the effects of Jatropha leaves mulch on the growth of wheat varieties 'Wadan-17' (rainfed) and 'Pirsabaq-2013' (irrigated) under well irrigated and water stress conditions (non-irrigated maintaining 40% soil field capacity). Jatropha mulch was applied to the soil surface at 0, 1, 3 and 5 Mg ha-1 before sowing grains in the field. Under conditions of water stress, Jatropha mulch significantly maintained the soil moisture content necessary for normal plant growth. RESULTS We noted a decrease in plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area, leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll, and carotenoid content due to water stress. However, water stress caused an increase in leaf and root phenolics content, leaf soluble sugars and electrolytes leakage. We observed that Jatropha mulch maintained LRWC, plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area and chlorophyll content under water stress. Moreover, water stress adverse effects on leaf soluble sugar content and electrolyte leakage were reversed to normal by Jatropha mulch. CONCLUSION Therefore, it may be concluded that Jatropha leaves mulch will minimize water stress adverse effects on wheat by maintaining soil moisture and plant water status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KP Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Faizan Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KP Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bio Resource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620 Pakistan
| | - Sultan Mehmood
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KP Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ullah Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KP Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrisciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrisciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrisciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Inam Irshad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Mohamed El-Sharnouby
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman EL Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Subhan Danish
- Departments of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800 Pakistan
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Hosseini MS, Samsampour D, Zahedi SM, Zamanian K, Rahman MM, Mostofa MG, Tran LSP. Melatonin alleviates drought impact on growth and essential oil yield of lemon verbena by enhancing antioxidant responses, mineral balance, and abscisic acid content. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1363-1375. [PMID: 33462814 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has recently emerged as a multifunctional biomolecule with promising aspects in plant stress tolerance. The present study examined the effects of foliar-sprayed melatonin (0, 100, and 200 μM) on growth and essential oil yield attributes of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) under water-shortage (mild, moderate and severe). Results revealed that melatonin minimized drought effects on lemon verbena, resulting in improved growth and essential oils yield. Drought impositions gradually and significantly reduced several growth parameters, such as plant height and biomass, whereas melatonin application revived the growth performance of lemon verbena. Melatonin protected the photosynthetic pigments and helped maintain the mineral balance at all levels of drought. Melatonin stimulated the accumulation of proline, soluble sugars and abscisic acid, which were positively correlated with a better preservation of leaf water status in drought-stressed plants. Melatonin also prevented oxidative damages by enhancing the superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities. Furthermore, increased levels of total phenolic compounds, chicoric acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, as well as ascorbate and total antioxidant capacity in melatonin-sprayed drought-stressed plants indicated that melatonin helped verbena plants to sustain antioxidant and medicinal properties during drought. Finally, melatonin treatments upheld the concentrations and yield of essential oils in the leaves of lemon verbena regardless of drought severities. These results provided new insights into melatonin-mediated drought tolerance in lemon verbena, and this strategy could be implemented for the successful cultivation of lemon verbena, and perhaps other medicinal plants, in drought-prone areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Davood Samsampour
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Zahedi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Kazem Zamanian
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg August University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Md Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
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Benning JW, Moeller DA. Plant-soil interactions limit lifetime fitness outside a native plant's geographic range margin. Ecology 2020; 102:e03254. [PMID: 33231288 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plant species' distributions are often thought to overwhelmingly reflect their climatic niches. However, climate represents only a fraction of the n-dimensional environment to which plant populations adapt, and studies are increasingly uncovering strong effects of nonclimatic factors on species' distributions. We used a manipulative, factorial field experiment to quantify the effects of soil environment and precipitation (the putatively overriding climatic factor) on plant lifetime fitness outside the geographic range boundary of a native California annual plant. We grew plants outside the range edge in large mesocosms filled with soil from either within or outside the range, and plants were subjected to either a low (ambient) or high (supplemental) spring precipitation treatment. Soil environment had large effects on plant lifetime fitness that were similar in magnitude to the effects of precipitation. Moreover, mean fitness of plants grown with within-range soil in the low precipitation treatment approximated that of plants grown with beyond-range soil in the high precipitation treatment. The positive effects of within-range soil persisted in the second, wetter year of the experiment, though the magnitude of the soil effect was smaller than in the first, drier year. These results are the first we know of to quantify the effects of edaphic variation on plant lifetime fitness outside a geographic range limit and highlight the need to include factors other than climate in models of species' distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Benning
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Labs, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - David A Moeller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Labs, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
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Lin T, Zheng X, Zheng H. Seasonal variations in leaf and branch trace elements and the influence of a 3-yr 100% rainfall exclusion on Pinus massoniana Lamb. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9935. [PMID: 32995090 PMCID: PMC7501781 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trace elements are essential for the growth and survival of plants, and their concentrations and distributions in plants are effective reflections of ecological adaptation strategies. However, this aspect has seldom been addressed. Method Changes in the leaf and branch trace elements of Pinus massoniana Lamb, induced by seasonal dynamics and in response to a 3-yr 100% rainfall exclusion, were evaluated. Results The results showed that the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni and Cr in leaves of P. massoniana in the control group had high seasonal resolution. There were three groups according to their patterns over the growing season: (1) nutrient elements (Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd), which continuously decreased in concentration during the growing season, with the highest concentration in spring and the lowest in autumn; (2) accumulating element (Cr), which increased in concentration from spring to autumn; and (3) indifferent element (Fe), which increased in concentration from spring to summer and decreased in concentration from summer to autumn. The concentrations of trace elements in leaves and branches showed no significant differences with mild drought stress, except for Fe and Cr in leaves and Cr in branches, which significantly increased (p < 0.05) under the result of self-selection under mild drought stress. Therefore, the resultant seasonal and drought effects on trace element cycling in P. massoniana could provide theoretical support to respond to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lin
- Fujian University of Technology, School of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xuanmei Zheng
- Fujian Jiangxia University, Straits College of Finance and Economics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huaizhou Zheng
- Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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26
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Scalabrin E, Radaelli M, Capodaglio G. Effects of Water Deficit and Heat Stress on Nicotiana langsdorffii Metabolomic Pattern Modified by Insertion of rolD Gene from Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Metabolites 2020; 10:E310. [PMID: 32751065 PMCID: PMC7463493 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are major factors that negatively affect plant growth and productivity. Plants have developed complex strategies to ensure their survival and reproduction under adverse conditions, activating mechanisms that involve changes at different metabolic levels. In order to select stress-resistant species, research has focused on molecular studies and genetic engineering, showing promising results. In this work, the insertion of the rolD gene from Agrobacterium rhizogenes into Nicotiana langsdorffii plants is investigated, in order to assess the potential of this genetic modification towards mitigating water and heat stresses. Different approaches were combined: a high-throughput metabolomics and ionomics study was performed, together with the determination of important plant phytohormones. The aim was to identify the influence of abiotic stresses on plants and to highlight the effects of the rolD genetic modification on plant stress response. The most relevant compounds for each kind of stress were identified, belonging mainly to the classes of lipids, acyl sugars, glycosides, and amino acid derivatives. Water stress (WS) determined a decrease of elements and secondary metabolites, while amino acids and their derivatives increased, proving to be key molecules in this type of stress. RolD plants exposed to high temperature stress (HS) presented higher dry weight levels than controls, as well as increased amounts of K and adenosine and lower levels of damage-associated metabolites, suggesting the increased resistance of rolD-modified plants toward HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Scalabrin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30173 Venezia, Italy; (M.R.); (G.C.)
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27
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Estévez-Geffriaud V, Vicente R, Vergara-Díaz O, Narváez Reinaldo JJ, Trillas MI. Application of Trichoderma asperellum T34 on maize (Zea mays) seeds protects against drought stress. PLANTA 2020; 252:8. [PMID: 32594356 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Coating maize seeds with the microbial plant protection product Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 is an effective form of inoculation that enhances plant performance when faced with drought stress, and it improves nutrient and kernel parameters differently in drought and non-stressed conditions. Drought is currently one of the biggest threats to maize production. Trichoderma spp. is mainly used in agriculture as plant protection product with secondary beneficial effects on plants: improved growth, nutrient uptake and plant immunity. Here, we studied the physiological performance of maize plants under two different water regimes (fully irrigated and drought conditions) and three different seed treatments: application of Trichoderma asperellum strain T34, application of a chemical fungicide (CELEST XL) or the combination of both. Regardless of water regime, T34 treatment improved kernel P and C, kernel number and dry weight. Higher populations of T34 on the rhizosphere (T34 treatment) alleviated water stress better than lower T34 populations (T34+Q treatment). Under drought, T34 treatment improved leaf relative water content, water use efficiency, PSII maximum efficiency and photosynthesis. T34-treated maize seeds maintained sufficient T34 populations to alleviate drought throughout crop development suggesting an optimal dose of 104 and 105 colony forming units g-1 dry weight of rhizosphere under the studied conditions. This work helps to demonstrate the beneficial interaction between T. asperellum strain T34 and maize plants under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Estévez-Geffriaud
- Department of Ecology, Environmental Sciences and Evolutionary Biology (BEECA), Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Seed Technology Department, FITO SEEDS (Semillas Fitó S.A.U.), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Department of Ecology, Environmental Sciences and Evolutionary Biology (BEECA), Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Omar Vergara-Díaz
- Department of Ecology, Environmental Sciences and Evolutionary Biology (BEECA), Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - María Isabel Trillas
- Department of Ecology, Environmental Sciences and Evolutionary Biology (BEECA), Unit of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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da Costa RMF, Simister R, Roberts LA, Timms-Taravella E, Cambler AB, Corke FMK, Han J, Ward RJ, Buckeridge MS, Gomez LD, Bosch M. Nutrient and drought stress: implications for phenology and biomass quality in miscanthus. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:553-566. [PMID: 30137291 PMCID: PMC6821376 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The cultivation of dedicated biomass crops, including miscanthus, on marginal land provides a promising approach to the reduction of dependency on fossil fuels. However, little is known about the impact of environmental stresses often experienced on lower-grade agricultural land on cell-wall quality traits in miscanthus biomass crops. In this study, three different miscanthus genotypes were exposed to drought stress and nutrient stress, both separately and in combination, with the aim of evaluating their impact on plant growth and cell-wall properties. METHODS Automated imaging facilities at the National Plant Phenomics Centre (NPPC-Aberystwyth) were used for dynamic phenotyping to identify plant responses to separate and combinatorial stresses. Harvested leaf and stem samples of the three miscanthus genotypes (Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Miscanthus × giganteus) were separately subjected to saccharification assays, to measure sugar release, and cell-wall composition analyses. KEY RESULTS Phenotyping showed that the M. sacchariflorus genotype Sac-5 and particularly the M. sinensis genotype Sin-11 coped better than the M. × giganteus genotype Gig-311 with drought stress when grown in nutrient-poor compost. Sugar release by enzymatic hydrolysis, used as a biomass quality measure, was significantly affected by the different environmental conditions in a stress-, genotype- and organ-dependent manner. A combination of abundant water and low nutrients resulted in the highest sugar release from leaves, while for stems this was generally associated with the combination of drought and nutrient-rich conditions. Cell-wall composition analyses suggest that changes in fine structure of cell-wall polysaccharides, including heteroxylans and pectins, possibly in association with lignin, contribute to the observed differences in cell-wall biomass sugar release. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the importance of the assessment of miscanthus biomass quality measures in addition to biomass yield determinations and the requirement for selecting suitable miscanthus genotypes for different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M F da Costa
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Rachael Simister
- CNAP, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Luned A Roberts
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Emma Timms-Taravella
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Arthur B Cambler
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fiona M K Corke
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Jiwan Han
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Richard J Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo D Gomez
- CNAP, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
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Guerrero J, Andrello M, Burgarella C, Manel S. Soil environment is a key driver of adaptation in Medicago truncatula: new insights from landscape genomics. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:378-390. [PMID: 29696659 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Spatial differences in environmental selective pressures interact with the genomes of organisms, ultimately leading to local adaptation. Landscape genomics is an emergent research area that uncovers genome-environment associations, thus allowing researchers to identify candidate loci for adaptation to specific environmental variables. In the present study, we used latent factor mixed models (LFMMs) and Moran spectral outlier detection/randomization (MSOD-MSR) to identify candidate loci for adaptation to 10 environmental variables (climatic, soil and atmospheric) among 43 515 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 202 accessions of the model legume Medicago truncatula. Soil variables were associated with a large number of candidate loci identified through both LFMMs and MSOD-MSR. Genes tagged by candidate loci associated with drought and salinity are involved in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses, while those tagged by candidates associated with soil nitrogen and atmospheric nitrogen, participate in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Candidate SNPs identified through both LFMMs and MSOD-MSR explained up to 56% of variance in flowering traits. Our findings highlight the importance of soil in driving adaptation in the system and elucidate the basis of evolutionary potential of M. truncatula to respond to global climate change and anthropogenic disruption of the nitrogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Guerrero
- CEFE-CNRS, Centre D'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive, Route de Mende, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Marco Andrello
- CEFE-CNRS, Centre D'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive, Route de Mende, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Concetta Burgarella
- UMR DIADE Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Centre de Montpellier, BP 64501, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- UMR AGAP Centre de Coopération International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephanie Manel
- CEFE-CNRS, Centre D'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive, Route de Mende, 34090, Montpellier, France
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Alyemeni MN, Ahanger MA, Wijaya L, Alam P, Bhardwaj R, Ahmad P. Selenium mitigates cadmium-induced oxidative stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants by modulating chlorophyll fluorescence, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidant system. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:459-469. [PMID: 28900731 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the role of selenium in alleviating cadmium stress in Solanum lycopersicum seedlings. Cadmium (150 mg L-1) treatment caused a significant reduction in growth in terms of height and biomass accumulation and affected chlorophyll pigments, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Selenium (10 μM) application mitigated the adverse effects of cadmium on growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, leaf relative water content, and other physiological attributes. Lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage increased because of cadmium treatment and selenium-treated plants exhibited considerable reduction because of the decreased production of hydrogen peroxide in them. Cadmium-treated plants exhibited enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes that protected cellular structures by neutralizing reactive free radicals. Supplementation of selenium to cadmium-treated plants (Cd + Se) further enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) by 19.69, 31.68, 33.14, and 54.47%, respectively. Osmolytes, including proline and glycine betaine, increased with selenium application, illustrating their role in improving the osmotic stability of S. lycopersicum under cadmium stress. More importantly, selenium application significantly reduced cadmium uptake. From these results, it is clear that application of selenium alleviates the negative effects of cadmium stress in S. lycopersicum through the modifications of osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Leonard Wijaya
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India.
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Ahmad P, Ahanger MA, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L, Alam P. Exogenous application of nitric oxide modulates osmolyte metabolism, antioxidants, enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle and promotes growth under cadmium stress in tomato. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:79-93. [PMID: 28643085 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were carried out to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in ameliorating the negative effects of cadmium stress in tomato seedlings. Plants treated with cadmium (CdCl2, 150 μM) showed reduced growth, biomass yield, pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and gas exchange parameters. Exogenous application of NO donor (sodium nitroprusside) with nutrient solution protected chlorophyll pigments, restored chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange parameters, and caused significant enhancements in growth and biomass yield. Cadmium triggered the synthesis of proline and glycine betaine; however, application of NO caused further enhancement of their accumulation, reflecting an obvious amelioration of the cadmium-induced decline in relative water content. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and other enzymatic activities of ascorbate-glutathione cycle were enhanced following the application of NO, as compared with those in untreated seedlings under control and cadmium stress conditions. NO increased the flavonoid and total phenol content in Cd-stressed tomato plants. Moreover, NO application restricted the uptake of cadmium and enhanced the accumulation of nutrients in different parts of tomato plants. On the basis of the findings of the present study, we propose that NO has a potential role as a growth promoter for tomato under cadmium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India.
| | - Mohammed Abass Ahanger
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jiwaji University Gwalior, Gwalior, MP, 474011, India
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), 11942, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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