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Takahashi A. Associations of the immune system in aggression traits and the role of microglia as mediators. Neuropharmacology 2024; 256:110021. [PMID: 38825308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
There is an important relationship between the immune system and aggressive behavior. Aggressive encounters acutely increase the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and there are positive correlations between aggressive traits and peripheral proinflammatory cytokines. Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, which results in peripheral immune activation, decreases aggressive behavior as one of the sickness behavioral symptoms. In contrast, certain brain infections and chronic interferon treatment are associated with increased aggression. Indeed, the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on the brain in aggressive behavior are bidirectional, depending on the type and dose of cytokine, target brain region, and type of aggression. Some studies have suggested that microglial activation and neuroinflammation influence intermale aggression in rodent models. In addition, pathological conditions as well as physiological levels of cytokines produced by microglia play an important role in social and aggressive behavior in adult animals. Furthermore, microglial function in early development is necessary for the establishment of the social brain and the expression of juvenile social behaviors, including play fighting. Overall, this review discusses the important link between the immune system and aggressive traits and the role of microglia as mediators of this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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2
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Seizer L, Fuchs D, Bliem HR, Schubert C. Emotional states predict cellular immune system activity under conditions of life as it is lived: A multivariate time-series analysis approach. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290032. [PMID: 37943877 PMCID: PMC10635540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between emotional states and immune system activity is characterized by bidirectional influences; however, limited information is available regarding the temporal dynamics of these effects. The goal of this investigation was to examine how these psychoimmunological interdependencies unfold over time under conditions of "life as it is lived". For this purpose, three healthy women collected their entire urine over a period of approximately two months at 12-h intervals (8 am-8 pm, 8 pm-8 am), resulting in a total of 112 to 126 consecutive measurements per subject. In addition, among other regular psychological assessments, the subjects completed the EWL-60-S, an emotional state questionnaire, each morning and evening. To assess the extent of T-helper type 1 immune activation, the neopterin per creatinine concentration was measured in the urine samples using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The dynamic relationships between the time series of the six emotional states (performance-related activity, general inactivity, extraversion/introversion, general feeling of comfort, emotional irritation, anxiety/depressiveness) and urinary neopterin levels were estimated in vector-autoregressive models and evaluated using Granger-causality tests, impulse-response functions and forecast error variance decompositions. The findings showed that emotional states explained up to 20% of the variance of urinary neopterin per creatinine levels, whereby most of the effects occurred within a period of approximately three days. Across all subjects, increases in anxiety/depressiveness and extraversion led to increases in neopterin levels, while a general feeling of comfort led to decreases in neopterin. These results emphasize the importance of the interdependencies between emotional states and immune system activity and showcase the potential that intensive longitudinal study designs offer for psychoneuroimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Seizer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Harald R. Bliem
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Schubert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Nesic M, Vogel J, Krüger JP, Wenzel W, Sahebi A, Rassaf T, Siebermair J, Wesemann U. Association between different dimensions of anger and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in at-risk cardiovascular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1228192. [PMID: 37829760 PMCID: PMC10565353 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1228192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The common connecting factor between PTSD and cardiovascular diseases lies in the disruption of the stress processing system. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in stress levels worldwide. Due to the life-threatening situation of affected risk patients, this also led to the accumulation of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The influence of anger on cardiovascular diseases has hardly been investigated so far. The focus of this study is on anger regulation in cardiovascular risk patients. The COVID-19 pandemic is considered as an additional stressor in this study, but not as a separate entity. The hypothesis is that individuals with inward anger are more prone to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods As part of the routine examination, all patients who were hospitalized between January 1st, 2021 and May 31st, 2022 with high-risk cardiovascular diseases were included. A total of N = 153 (84.1%) subjects participated in the study. On admission, anger (STAXI-2) and PTSD (PCL-5) were assessed using questionnaires. The relationship between different domains of anger and PTSS was examined. Results Inwardly directed anger was more pronounced in this population than in a standard sample (+1 SD) and had a significant impact on the presence of PTSD (B = -0.72, p < 0.001). Additionally, correlations were found between inward-directed anger and PTSD, as well as all other anger expressions studied and the PTSD total score. Discussion It can be assumed that anger and its regulation are relevant factors for both cardiac diseases and PTSD. The study results can be used for prevention, rehabilitation and therapeutic measures. However, the impact of inner anger on PTSD is theoretical and based on statistical testing. A confirmatory longitudinal study is needed to substantiate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihailo Nesic
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Vogel
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisberg, Germany
| | | | - Werner Wenzel
- Department of Microbiology, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali Sahebi
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Siebermair
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Krankenhaus Göttlicher Heiland GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Wesemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Paolucci T, Pino V, Elsallabi O, Gallorini M, Pozzato G, Pozzato A, Lanuti P, Reis VM, Pesce M, Pantalone A, Buda R, Patruno A. Quantum Molecular Resonance Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome/Nitrosative Stress and Promotes M1 to M2 Macrophage Polarization: Potential Therapeutic Effect in Osteoarthritis Model In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1358. [PMID: 37507898 PMCID: PMC10376596 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Quantum Molecular Resonance (QMR) technology in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis-related inflammation. The study used THP-1-derived macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and hyaluronic acid fragments to induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and nitrosative stress. QMR treatment inhibited COX-2 and iNOS protein expression and activity and reduced NF-κB activity. Furthermore, QMR treatment led to a significant reduction in peroxynitrite levels, reactive nitrogen species that can form during inflammatory conditions, and restored tyrosine nitration values to those similar to sham-exposed control cells. We also investigated the effect of QMR treatment on inflammasome activation and macrophage polarization in THP-1-derived macrophages. Results showed that QMR treatment significantly decreased NLRP3 and activated caspase-1 protein expression levels and downregulated IL-18 and IL-1β protein expression and secretion. Finally, our findings indicate that QMR treatment induces a switch in macrophage polarization from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Paolucci
- Department of Oral, Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University G. D'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vanessa Pino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Osama Elsallabi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Pantalone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Buda
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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The Predictive Value of Monocyte/High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio (MHR) and Positive Symptom Scores for Aggression in Patients with Schizophrenia. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030503. [PMID: 36984504 PMCID: PMC10055014 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Schizophrenia with aggression often has an inflammatory abnormality. The monocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR), platelet/high-density lipoprotein ratio (PHR) and lymphocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio (LHR) have lately been examined as novel markers for the inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between these new inflammatory biomarkers and aggression in schizophrenia patients. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 214 schizophrenia inpatients in our cross-sectional analysis. They were divided into the aggressive group (n = 94) and the non-aggressive group (n = 120) according to the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). The severity of schizophrenia was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The numbers of platelets (PLT), neutrophils (NEU), lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes (MON) and the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content from subjects were recorded. The NHR, PHR, MHR and LHR were calculated. We analyzed the differences between those indexes in these two groups, and further searched for the correlation between inflammatory markers and aggression. Results: Patients with aggression had higher positive symptom scores (p = 0.002). The values of PLT, MON, MHR and PHR in the aggressive group were considerably higher (p < 0.05). The NHR (r = 0.289, p < 0.01), LHR (r = 0.213, p < 0.05) and MHR (r = 0.238, p < 0.05) values of aggressive schizophrenia patients were positively correlated with the total weighted scores of the MOAS. A higher MHR (β = 1.529, OR = 4.616, p = 0.026) and positive symptom scores (β = 0.071, OR = 1.047, p = 0.007) were significant predictors of aggression in schizophrenia patients. Conclusions: The MHR and the positive symptom scores may be predictors of aggressive behavior in schizophrenia patients. The MHR, a cheap and simple test, may be useful as a clinical tool for risk stratification, and it may direct doctors’ prevention and treatment plans in the course of ordinary clinical care.
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Yang Y. A daily diary study on stressors, hurt feelings, aggression, and somatic symptoms: The role of rejection sensitivity and negative emotion differentiation. Aggress Behav 2023. [PMID: 36842145 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The current study adopted a daily diary design to examine associations of daily stressors and hurt feelings to three unfavorable daily outcomes, including verbal aggression, physical aggression, and somatic symptoms and the moderation of rejection sensitivity and negative emotion regulation on the relations between these daily variables. A total of 248 college students participated in the daily diary study in which they responded to the assessment on a daily basis for 7 consecutive days. The results indicated that daily stressors predicted daily verbal aggression; daily stressors, daily hurt feelings, and rejection sensitivity predicted somatic symptoms. Negative emotion regulation moderated the association between stressors and verbal aggression such that more stressors and high negative emotion regulation predicted more frequent daily verbal aggression. Rejection sensitivity moderated the association of hurt feelings to verbal and physical aggression. Perception of hurt feelings and high rejection sensitivity predicted more verbal aggression but less physical aggression. Rejection sensitivity also moderated the association of stressors to somatic symptoms such that more stressors and high rejection sensitivity predicted more somatic symptoms. The findings collectively highlight the importance of supporting individuals with high rejection sensitivity to encode social cues in a healthy way. It is imperative to provide emotion regulation skills to cope with negative emotions derived from social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Institute of Behavioral Research, College of Science and Engineering, Texas Christian University, Texas, Fort Worth, USA
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Hjell G, Szabo A, Mørch-Johnsen L, Holst R, Tesli N, Bell C, Fischer-Vieler T, Werner MCF, Lunding SH, Ormerod MBEG, Johansen IT, Dieset I, Djurovic S, Melle I, Ueland T, Andreassen OA, Steen NE, Haukvik UK. Interleukin-18 signaling system links to agitation in severe mental disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 140:105721. [PMID: 35301151 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Agitation is a challenging clinical feature in severe mental disorders, but its biological correlates are largely unknown. Inflammasome-related abnormalities have been linked to severe mental disorders and implicated in animal models of agitation. We investigated if levels of circulating inflammasome-related immune markers were associated with agitation in severe mental disorders. METHODS Individuals with a psychotic or affective disorder (N = 660) underwent blood sampling and clinical characterization. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-18, IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), IL-18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1), IL-18 receptor accessory protein (IL-18RAP), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) were measured. Agitation levels were estimated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excited Component. Multiple linear- and logistic regression were used to investigate the associations between agitation and the immune markers, while controlling for confounders. The influence of psychotic and affective symptoms was assessed in follow-up analyses. RESULTS Agitation was positively associated with IL-18BP (β = 0.13, t = 3.41, p = 0.0007) after controlling for multiple confounders, including BMI, smoking, medication, and substance use. Adjustment for psychotic, manic, and depressive symptoms did not affect the results. There were no significant associations between agitation and the other investigated immune markers (IL-1RA (β = 0.06, t = 1.27, p = 0.20), IL-18 (β = 0.05, t = 1.25, p = 0.21), IL-18R1 (β = 0.04, t = 1.01, p = 0.31), IL-18RAP (odds ratio = 0.96, p = 0.30)). In a subsample (N = 463), we also adjusted for cortisol levels, which yielded unaltered results. CONCLUSION Our findings add to the accumulating evidence of immune system disturbances in severe mental disorders and suggest the IL-18 system as a part of the biological correlate of agitation independent of affective and psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hjell
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry & Department of Clinical Research, Østfold Hospital, Grålum, Norway.
| | - Attila Szabo
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lynn Mørch-Johnsen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry & Department of Clinical Research, Østfold Hospital, Grålum, Norway
| | - René Holst
- Department of Psychiatry & Department of Clinical Research, Østfold Hospital, Grålum, Norway; Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Natalia Tesli
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina Bell
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Fischer-Vieler
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maren Caroline Frogner Werner
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synve Hoffart Lunding
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Torp Johansen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Dieset
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Acute Psychiatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Andreas Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn Kristin Haukvik
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Hamilton A, Rizzo R, Brod S, Ono M, Perretti M, Cooper D, D'Acquisto F. The immunomodulatory effects of social isolation in mice are linked to temperature control. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:179-194. [PMID: 35217174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Living in isolation is considered an emerging societal problem that negatively affects the physical wellbeing of its sufferers in ways that we are just starting to appreciate. This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of social isolation in mice, utilising a two-week program of sole cage occupancy followed by the testing of immune-inflammatory resilience to bacterial sepsis. Our results revealed that mice housed in social isolation showed an increased ability to clear bacterial infection compared to control socially housed animals. These effects were associated with specific changes in whole blood gene expression profile and an increased production of classical pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, equipping socially isolated mice with artificial nests as a substitute for their natural huddling behaviour reversed the increased resistance to bacterial sepsis. Together these results suggest that the control of body temperature through social housing and huddling behaviour are important factors in the regulation of the host immune response to infection in mice and might provide another example of the many ways by which living conditions influence immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hamilton
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Raffaella Rizzo
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Samuel Brod
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Masahiro Ono
- University of London Imperial College Science Technology & Medicine, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Natural Science, London SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dianne Cooper
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fulvio D'Acquisto
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; School of Life and Health Science, University of Roehampton, London SW15, 4JD, UK.
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Neuromodulatory effect of interleukin 1β in the dorsal raphe nucleus on individual differences in aggression. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2563-2579. [PMID: 33931727 PMCID: PMC8556414 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heightened aggressive behavior is considered as one of the central symptoms of many neuropsychiatric disorders including autism, schizophrenia, and dementia. The consequences of aggression pose a heavy burden on patients and their families and clinicians. Unfortunately, we have limited treatment options for aggression and lack mechanistic insight into the causes of aggression needed to inform new efforts in drug discovery and development. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the periphery or cerebrospinal fluid were previously reported to correlate with aggressive traits in humans. However, it is still unknown whether cytokines affect brain circuits to modulate aggression. Here, we examined the functional role of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in mediating individual differences in aggression using a resident-intruder mouse model. We found that nonaggressive mice exhibit higher levels of IL-1β in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), the major source of forebrain serotonin (5-HT), compared to aggressive mice. We then examined the effect of pharmacological antagonism and viral-mediated gene knockdown of the receptors for IL-1 within the DRN and found that both treatments consistently increased aggressive behavior of male mice. Aggressive mice also exhibited higher c-Fos expression in 5-HT neurons in the DRN compared to nonaggressive mice. In line with these findings, deletion of IL-1 receptor in the DRN enhanced c-Fos expression in 5-HT neurons during aggressive encounters, suggesting that modulation of 5-HT neuronal activity by IL-1β signaling in the DRN controls expression of aggressive behavior.
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La Fratta I, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, Patruno A, Michetti C, D'Ercole P, Ballerini P, Grilli A, Pesce M. Salivary oxytocin, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence in pre-competition athletes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16877. [PMID: 34413428 PMCID: PMC8376920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that soccer sport has the potential for high levels of stress and anxiety and that these are linked to Cortisol (C) variations. To date, much research has been devoted to understanding how Oxytocin (OT) can affect anxiety in response to a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate, in 56 young male soccer players, the psychophysiological stress response 96 and 24 h before one soccer match of a tournament, in order to establish whether athletes who won or lost, show different levels of C and OT or expressions of competitive state anxiety subcomponents. We found that winners had significantly lower Cognitive anxiety and higher Self-confidence scores than losers. Also, significant differences between winners and losers in C and OT concentrations were observed, with higher OT levels in who has won and higher C levels in who has lost. Our results showed interesting associations between OT, C, anxiety feelings, and the outcome of competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene La Fratta
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Michetti
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Ercole
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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11
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Infection threat shapes our social instincts. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021; 75:47. [PMID: 33583997 PMCID: PMC7873116 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-02975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We social animals must balance the need to avoid infections with the need to interact with conspecifics. To that end we have evolved, alongside our physiological immune system, a suite of behaviors devised to deal with potentially contagious individuals. Focusing mostly on humans, the current review describes the design and biological innards of this behavioral immune system, laying out how infection threat shapes sociality and sociality shapes infection threat. The paper shows how the danger of contagion is detected and posted to the brain; how it affects individuals’ mate choice and sex life; why it strengthens ties within groups but severs those between them, leading to hostility toward anyone who looks, smells, or behaves unusually; and how it permeates the foundation of our moral and political views. This system was already in place when agriculture and animal domestication set off a massive increase in our population density, personal connections, and interaction with other species, amplifying enormously the spread of disease. Alas, pandemics such as COVID-19 not only are a disaster for public health, but, by rousing millions of behavioral immune systems, could prove a threat to harmonious cohabitation too.
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12
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Bock BB, Bastos CR, Ardais AP, Grellert M, de Carvalho HW, Farias CP, Jansen K, Oses JP, da Silva RA, Portela LV, Kaster MP, Lara DR, Ghisleni G. Temperament traits moderate the relationship between Childhood Trauma and Interleukin 1β profile in young adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 116:104671. [PMID: 32422464 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Early life stressors, such as childhood trauma, have been associated to alterations in immune response that can last until adulthood. In this context, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) emerges as a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a pivotal role. Also, considering the temperament differences in stress susceptibility, and even immune dysfunction, studies investigating the complex interaction between these factors are scarce. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the moderating role of temperament traits in the relationship between childhood trauma and serum IL-1β levels. This cross-sectional study consisted of 325 individuals, men and women, aged 18-35, enrolled from a population-based study in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Our main results indicate that higher serum levels of IL-1β were associated with trauma severity (p < 0.01), and the variance of anger could explain 29% of IL-1β increase in individuals who suffered severe trauma (p < 0.05). The effect of anger was considerably stronger in men than in women (46% and 25%, respectively). Moreover, the variance of sensitivity also explained 15% of IL-1β increase (p < 0.05) as well as the variance of volition explained 11% of IL-1β decrease (p < 0.05) in individuals who suffered severe trauma in the general population. Our results indicate that emotional individual differences can moderate the impact of childhood trauma on low-grade inflammation in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha Bueno Bock
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ardais
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grellert
- Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrônica e Computação, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Cid Pinheiro Farias
- Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Karen Jansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Azevedo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luis Valmor Portela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Manuella Pinto Kaster
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Diogo Rizzato Lara
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
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13
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Felaco P, Felaco M, Franceschelli S, Ferrone A, Gatta DMP, Speranza L, Patruno A, De Lutiis MA, Ballerini P, Sirolli V, Grilli A, Bonomini M, Pesce M. Erythropoietin induces miRNA-210 by JAK2/STAT5 signaling in PBMCs of End-stage Renal Disease patients. FEBS J 2020; 287:5167-5182. [PMID: 32196922 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anemia of chronic kidney disease is associated with blunted response/resistance to erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Several molecules have been successfully associated with ESA responsiveness; however, none of them is now considered a valid therapeutic biomarker of erythropoietin resistance in these patients. We performed an evaluation of the level of specific plasma circulating miRNAs in blood samples of HD patients, in relation to ESA treatment, with a follow-up of 1 year (T0-T3). We found significantly lower circulating levels of all miRNAs analyzed at baseline (T0) in HD patients vs. healthy control (HC). The plasmatic levels of miRNA-210 resulted significantly and negatively associated with Erythropoietin Resistance Index (ERI), and the variance of ΔmiRNA-210 (miRNA-210T3 minus miRNA-210T0 ) explained significant percentage of ΔERI (ERIT3 minus ERIT0 ) variance. The receiver operating characteristic analysis at T0 showed that the plasmatic level of miRNA-210 could distinguish HD patients with positive or negative trend in ERI at T3. In vitro, recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) induced significant release of miRNA-210 from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells, through the activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling, but not by the activation of the MAPK protein 38α and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½. Accordingly, HD patients with negative ΔERI showed higher level of phosphor-Janus kinase 2 and nuclear translocation of phosphor-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5. vs. patients with positive ΔERI or HC. Our data highlighted that chronic HD significantly reduces the circulating level of the miRNAs evaluated; within the targets analyzed, the miRNA-210 could be considered as a prognostic indicator of ESA responsiveness and index for anemia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela M P Gatta
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria A De Lutiis
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Department Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sirolli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
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14
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Smith KL, Todd SM, Boucher A, Bennett MR, Arnold JC. P2X 7 receptor knockout mice display less aggressive biting behaviour correlating with increased brain activation in the piriform cortex. Neurosci Lett 2020; 714:134575. [PMID: 31693933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
P2X7 receptors are implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric conditions such as depression and bipolar disorder. P2X7 receptors regulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from microglia, and gain-of-function P2X7 mutations may contribute to the neuroinflammation found in affective disorders. However, the role of this receptor in mediating other mental health conditions and aberrant behaviours requires further examination. The current study we investigated the effects of germline genetic deletion of P2xr7 on social and marble burying behaviours in mice throughout the critical adolescent developmental period. Marble burying behaviour is thought to provide a mouse model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We also characterised the effects of P2rx7 deletion on aggressive attack behaviour in adult mice and subsequently quantifieded microglial cell densities and c-Fos expression, a marker of neuronal activation. P2rx7 knockout mice displayed reduced OCD-related marble burying behaviour which was most pronounced in late adolescence/early adulthood. P2rx7 knockout mice also exhibited reduced aggressive attack behaviours in adulthood in the resident-intruder test. Reduced aggression in P2xr7 knockout mice did not coincide with changes to microglial cell densities, however c-Fos expression was elevated in the piriform cortex of P2rx7 knockout mice compared to wildtype mice. This study suggests that the P2X7 receptor might serve as a novel target for serenic or anti-OCD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Leigh Smith
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Todd
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Aurelie Boucher
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Maxwell R Bennett
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathon C Arnold
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Australia.
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15
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Takahashi A, Flanigan ME, McEwen BS, Russo SJ. Aggression, Social Stress, and the Immune System in Humans and Animal Models. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:56. [PMID: 29623033 PMCID: PMC5874490 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Social stress can lead to the development of psychological problems ranging from exaggerated anxiety and depression to antisocial and violence-related behaviors. Increasing evidence suggests that the immune system is involved in responses to social stress in adulthood. For example, human studies show that individuals with high aggression traits display heightened inflammatory cytokine levels and dysregulated immune responses such as slower wound healing. Similar findings have been observed in patients with depression, and comorbidity of depression and aggression was correlated with stronger immune dysregulation. Therefore, dysregulation of the immune system may be one of the mediators of social stress that produces aggression and/or depression. Similar to humans, aggressive animals also show increased levels of several proinflammatory cytokines, however, unlike humans these animals are more protected from infectious organisms and have faster wound healing than animals with low aggression. On the other hand, subordinate animals that receive repeated social defeat stress have been shown to develop escalated and dysregulated immune responses such as glucocorticoid insensitivity in monocytes. In this review we synthesize the current evidence in humans, non-human primates, and rodents to show a role for the immune system in responses to social stress leading to psychiatric problems such as aggression or depression. We argue that while depression and aggression represent two fundamentally different behavioral and physiological responses to social stress, it is possible that some overlapped, as well as distinct, pattern of immune signaling may underlie both of them. We also argue the necessity of studying animal models of maladaptive aggression induced by social stress (i.e., social isolation) for understanding neuro-immune mechanism of aggression, which may be relevant to human aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Meghan E Flanigan
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott J Russo
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Franceschelli S, Gatta DMP, Pesce M, Ferrone A, Di Martino G, Di Nicola M, De Lutiis MA, Vitacolonna E, Patruno A, Grilli A, Felaco M, Speranza L. Modulation of the oxidative plasmatic state in gastroesophageal reflux disease with the addition of rich water molecular hydrogen: A new biological vision. J Cell Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29512923 PMCID: PMC5908129 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a clinical condition characterized by reflux of gastroduodenal contents in the oesophagus, has proved to demonstrate a strong link between oxidative stress and the development of GERD. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been universally accepted as first-line therapy for management of GERD. The potential benefits of electrolysed reduced water (ERW), rich in molecular hydrogen, in improving symptoms and systemic oxidative stress associated with GERD was assessed. The study was performed on 84 GERD patients undergoing control treatment (PPI + tap water) or experimental treatment (PPI + ERW) for 3 months. These patients were subjected to the GERD-Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire as well as derivatives reactive oxigen metabolites (d-ROMs) test, biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test, superoxide anion, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde assays, which were all performed as a proxy for the oxidative/nitrosative stress and the antioxidant potential status. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between scores and laboratory parameters. Overall results demonstrated that an optimal oxidative balance can be restored and GERD symptoms can be reduced rapidly via the integration of ERW in GERD patients. The relative variation of heartburn and regurgitation score was significantly correlated with laboratory parameters. Thus, in the selected patients, combination treatment with PPI and ERW improves the cellular redox state leading to the improvement of the quality of life as demonstrated by the correlation analysis between laboratory parameters and GERD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Martino
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Anna De Lutiis
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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17
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Pesce M, Tatangelo R, La Fratta I, Rizzuto A, Campagna G, Turli C, Ferrone A, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, Patruno A, Ballerini P, De Lutiis MA, Felaco M, Grilli A. Aging-Related Oxidative Stress: Positive Effect of Memory Training. Neuroscience 2018; 370:246-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Pesce M, Tatangelo R, La Fratta I, Rizzuto A, Campagna G, Turli C, Ferrone A, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, Verrocchio MC, De Lutiis MA, Felaco M, Grilli A. Memory Training Program Decreases the Circulating Level of Cortisol and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Healthy Older Adults. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:233. [PMID: 28790890 PMCID: PMC5522887 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging cognitive decline has been associated to impairment of the Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenals (HPA) axis activity and a higher level of the systemic inflammation. However, little is known about the molecules driving this process at peripheral level. In addition, the cognitive function is to some extent modifiable with Memory Training (MT) programs, even among older adults and beyond. The study aims to evaluate whether MT could contribute to ameliorate cognitive performance and modulate the HPA axis activity as well the low level inflammation in the aging phenotype. Whether the phosphatase WIP-1, a negative regulator for inflammation, is involved in this process was also investigated. We recruited 31 young adults (19-28, years of age) and 62 older adults aged over 60. Thirty-two older adults were submitted to 6-months of MT program (EG), and 28 older adults were no treated and used as Control Group (CG). Global cognitive functioning (MMSE score), verbal and visual memory, and attention were assessed at baseline (T0) and after 6-months (T1). At the same time, plasmatic level of Cortisol (C), IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and the expression of WIP-1 mRNA and protein in ex vivo Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells were analyzed in young adults at T0, as well in older adults at T0 and T1. Together, the results suggest that MT improves the global cognitive functionality, verbal and visual memory, as well as the level of attention. At the same time we observed a decrease of the plasmatic level of C, of the cytokines, and an increase of the expression of mRNA and protein of WIP-1. The analysis of correlations highlighted that the level of the mRNA of WIP-1 was positively associated to the MMSE score, and negatively to the C and cytokine levels. In conclusion, we purpose the MT as tool that could help support successful aging through the improving of memory, attention and global cognitive function performance. Furthermore, this approach could participate to maintain lower the peripheral levels of the C and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The WIP-1 as a potential new target of the pathophysiology of aging is theorized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raffaella Tatangelo
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University G. D’AnnunzioChieti, Italy
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19
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Franceschelli S, Pesce M, Ferrone A, Patruno A, Pasqualone L, Carlucci G, Ferrone V, Carlucci M, de Lutiis MA, Grilli A, Felaco M, Speranza L. A Novel Biological Role of α-Mangostin in Modulating Inflammatory Response Through the Activation of SIRT-1 Signaling Pathway. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2439-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Medicine and Health Science School University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Livia Pasqualone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | | | | | - Maura Carlucci
- Department of Pharmacy; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Maria Anna de Lutiis
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Medicine and Health Science School University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
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20
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Aggression as an independent entity even in psychosis- the role of inflammatory cytokines. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 292:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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mTOR Activation by PI3K/Akt and ERK Signaling in Short ELF-EMF Exposed Human Keratinocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139644. [PMID: 26431550 PMCID: PMC4592237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several reports suggest that ELF-EMF exposures interact with biological processes including promotion of cell proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ELF-EMF controls cell growth are not completely understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ELF-EMF on keratinocytes proliferation and molecular mechanisms involved. Effect of ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT) on HaCaT cell cycle and cells growth and viability was monitored by FACS analysis and BrdU assay. Gene expression profile by microarray and qRT-PCR validation was performed in HaCaT cells exposed or not to ELF-EMF. mTOR, Akt and MAPKs expressions were evaluated by Western blot analysis. In HaCaT cells, short ELF-EMF exposure modulates distinct patterns of gene expression involved in cell proliferation and in the cell cycle. mTOR activation resulted the main molecular target of ELF-EMF on HaCaT cells. Our data showed the increase of the canonical pathway of mTOR regulation (PI3K/Akt) and activation of ERK signaling pathways. Our results indicate that ELF-EMF selectively modulated the expression of multiple genes related to pivotal biological processes and functions that play a key role in physio-pathological mechanisms such as wound healing.
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22
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Pesce M, La Fratta I, Ialenti V, Patruno A, Ferrone A, Franceschelli S, Rizzuto A, Tatangelo R, Campagna G, Speranza L, Felaco M, Grilli A. Re: Emotions, immunity and sport: Winner and loser athlete's profile of fighting sport. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 47:239. [PMID: 25952502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Pesce
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Irene La Fratta
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Valentina Ialenti
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Rizzuto
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tatangelo
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Campagna
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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23
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Rathbone ATL, Tharmaradinam S, Jiang S, Rathbone MP, Kumbhare DA. A review of the neuro- and systemic inflammatory responses in post concussion symptoms: Introduction of the "post-inflammatory brain syndrome" PIBS. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:1-16. [PMID: 25736063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-concussion syndrome is an aggregate of symptoms that commonly present together after head injury. These symptoms, depending on definition, include headaches, dizziness, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairment. However, these symptoms are common, occurring frequently in non-head injured controls, leading some to question the existence of post-concussion syndrome as a unique syndrome. Therefore, some have attempted to explain post-concussion symptoms as post-traumatic stress disorder, as they share many similar symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder does not require head injury. This explanation falls short as patients with post-concussion syndrome do not necessarily experience many key symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, other explanations must be sought to explain the prevalence of post-concussion like symptoms in non-head injury patients. Many of the situations in which post-concussion syndrome like symptoms may be experienced such as infection and post-surgery are associated with systemic inflammatory responses, and even neuroinflammation. Post-concussion syndrome itself has a significant neuroinflammatory component. In this review we examine the evidence of neuroinflammation in post-concussion syndrome and the potential role systemic inflammation plays in post-concussion syndrome like symptoms. We conclude that given the overlap between these conditions and the role of inflammation in their etiologies, a new term, post-inflammatory brain syndromes (PIBS), is necessary to describe the common outcomes of many different inflammatory insults. The concept of post-concussion syndrome is in its evolution therefore, the new term post-inflammatory brain syndromes provides a better understanding of etiology of its wide-array of symptoms and the wide array of conditions they can be seen in.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Surejini Tharmaradinam
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Pediatric Neurology, MUMC 3A, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Shucui Jiang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, and Hamilton Neurorestorative Group, McMaster University, HSC 4E15, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Michel P Rathbone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, McMaster University - Juravinski Hospital, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Dinesh A Kumbhare
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, University Health Network - Toronto Rehab - University Centre, 550 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
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24
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Pesce M, Fratta IL, Ialenti V, Patruno A, Ferrone A, Franceschelli S, Rizzuto A, Tatangelo R, Campagna G, Speranza L, Felaco M, Grilli A. Emotions, immunity and sport: Winner and loser athlete's profile of fighting sport. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:261-9. [PMID: 25712259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have focused on the relationship between hormonal changes and affective states in sporting contexts relating to an agonistic outcome. More recently, pro-inflammatory cytokines have also been successfully associated with affective state modulation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether athletes who won or lost show different levels of steroid hormones (testosterone and cortisol), pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, or expressions of anger and anxiety during six training fights in seasonal competitions down to the main seasonal competition. In 25 male kick-boxing athletes (age±SD, 28.68±5.34), anger states (RS score) and anxiety states (AS score) were assessed by STAXI-2 and STAI-Y, respectively. Cortisol (C), testosterone (T) and IL-1β salivary levels were measured by the ELISA method. The saliva samples were taken in the afternoon, 30min prior to the start and 30min from the end of both simulated and official competitions. The results showed that the RS score, T, T/C ratio salivary levels increased during the season, whereas the AS score, C and IL-1β suggested an opposite trend. Close to an official competition, the RS score, T, T/C ratio and IL-1β salivary concentrations were significantly higher, and then decreased during competition. By contrast, the AS score and C levels significantly increased throughout the official competition. In addition, significant differences were found for hormones and IL-1β concentrations as well as psychometric assessment close to the outcome of an official match. Athletes who lost showed an higher AS score and C level, while those who won were characterized by an higher level during the pre-competition RS score, T, T/C ratio, and IL-1β. Note that these factors were positively and significantly correlated at the pre-official competition time, while in a linear regression analysis, IL-1β, T and T/C ratio concentrations explained 43% of the variance in the RS score observed at the same time (adjusted R(2)=0.43, ANOVA P<.05). Our data suggest that the beginning of an agonistic event could trigger emotional responses which correspond to different biological processes instead that of a simulated fight. In particular, IL-1β could be a potential new biological marker of anger and the combined measurement of these factors may be a useful way of understanding athletes' change in relation to their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Pesce
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Irene La Fratta
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Valentina Ialenti
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Rizzuto
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tatangelo
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Campagna
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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25
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Audet MC, McQuaid RJ, Merali Z, Anisman H. Cytokine variations and mood disorders: influence of social stressors and social support. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:416. [PMID: 25565946 PMCID: PMC4267188 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressful events have been implicated in the evolution of mood disorders. In addition to brain neurotransmitters and growth factors, the view has been offered that these disorders might be provoked by the activation of the inflammatory immune system as well as by de novo changes of inflammatory cytokines within the brain. The present review describes the impact of social stressors in animals and in humans on behavioral changes reminiscent of depressive states as well as on cytokine functioning. Social stressors increase pro-inflammatory cytokines in circulation as well as in brain regions that have been associated with depression, varying with the animal's social status and/or behavioral methods used to contend with social challenges. Likewise, in humans, social stressors that favor the development of depression are accompanied by elevated circulating cytokine levels and conversely, conditions that limit the cytokine elevations correlated with symptom attenuation or reversal. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the potentially powerful effects of social support, social identity, and connectedness in maintaining well-being and in diminishing symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Audet
- Institute of Mental Health Research Ottawa, ON, Canada ; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robyn J McQuaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zul Merali
- Institute of Mental Health Research Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Brod S, Rattazzi L, Piras G, D'Acquisto F. 'As above, so below' examining the interplay between emotion and the immune system. Immunology 2014; 143:311-8. [PMID: 24943894 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the concept of a palpable relationship between our mental and physical well-being is certainly not new, it is only in the light of modern scientific research that we have begun to realize how deeply connected our emotional and immune states may be. We begin this review with a series of studies demonstrating how four fundamental emotional responses: anger, anxiety, mirth and relaxation are able modulate cytokine production and cellular responses to a variety of immune stimuli. These modulations are shown to be either detrimental or beneficial to a patient's health dependent on the context and duration of the emotion. We also discuss the reverse, highlighting research demonstrating how the loss of key immune cells such as T lymphocytes in clinical and animal studies can negatively impact both emotional well-being and cognition. Additionally, to give a more complete picture of the manifold pathways that link emotion and the immune system, we give a brief overview of the influence the digestive system has upon mental and immunological health. Finally, throughout this review we attempt to highlight the therapeutic potential of this burgeoning field of research in both the diagnosis and treatment of immune and disorders. As well as identifying some of the key obstacles the field must address in order to put this potential into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Brod
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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27
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Pesce M, Felaco P, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, Grilli A, De Lutiis MA, Ferrone A, Sirolli V, Bonomini M, Felaco M, Patruno A. Effect of erythropoietin on primed leucocyte expression profile. Open Biol 2014; 4:140026. [PMID: 24920275 PMCID: PMC4077059 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to erythropoietin (EPO) affects a significant number of anaemic patients with end-stage renal disease. Previous reports suggest that inflammation is one of the major independent predictors of EPO resistance, and the effects of EPO treatment on inflammatory mediators are not well established. The aim of this study was to investigate EPO-induced modification to gene expression in primary cultured leucocytes. Microarray experiments were performed on primed ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and treated with human EPO-α. Data suggested that EPO-α modulated genes involved in cell movement and interaction in primed PBMCs. Of note, EPO-α exerts anti-inflammatory effects inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and its receptor CXCR2; by contrast, EPO-α increases expression of genes relating to promotion of inflammation encoding for IL-1β and CCL8, and induces de novo synthesis of IL-1α, CXCL1 and CXCL5 in primed cells. The reduction in MAPK p38-α activity is involved in modulating both IL-1β and IL-8 expression. Unlike the induction of MAPK, Erk1/2 activity leads to upregulation of IL-1β, but does not affect IL-8 expression and release. Furthermore, EPO-α treatment of primed cells induces the activation of caspase-1 upstream higher secretion of IL-1β, and this process is not dependent on caspase-8 activation. In conclusion, our findings highlight new potential molecules involved in EPO resistance and confirm the anti-inflammatory role for EPO, but also suggest a plausible in vivo scenario in which the positive correlation found between EPO resistance and elevated levels of some pro-inflammatory mediators is due to treatment with EPO itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Pesce
- Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Anna De Lutiis
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sirolli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
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28
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Immunoglobulin A response to acute stress in intimate partner violence perpetrators: The role of anger expression-out and testosterone. Biol Psychol 2014; 96:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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