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Tang H, Bai Y, Zhao H, Qin X, Hu Z, Zhou C, Huang F, Cao Y. Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2212236. [PMID: 36867581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made dramatic advancements during the past decades owing to the innovative material design and device structure optimization, with power conversion efficiencies surpassing 19% and 20% for single-junction and tandem devices, respectively. Interface engineering, by modifying interface properties between different layers for OSCs, has become a vital part to promote the device efficiency. It is essential to elucidate the intrinsic working mechanism of interface layers, as well as the related physical and chemical processes that manipulate device performance and long-term stability. In this article, the advances in interface engineering aimed to pursue high-performance OSCs are reviewed. The specific functions and corresponding design principles of interface layers are summarized first. Then, the anode interface layer, cathode interface layer in single-junction OSCs, and interconnecting layer of tandem devices are discussed in separate categories, and the interface engineering-related improvements on device efficiency and stability are analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with application of interface engineering are discussed with the emphasis on large-area, high-performance, and low-cost device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanqing Bai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xudong Qin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
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2
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Gutiérrez López MÁ, Tan ML, Renno G, Jozeliūnaitė A, Nué-Martinez JJ, Lopez-Andarias J, Sakai N, Matile S. Anion-π catalysis on carbon allotropes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1881-1894. [PMID: 38116243 PMCID: PMC10729121 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anion-π catalysis, introduced in 2013, stands for the stabilization of anionic transition states on π-acidic aromatic surfaces. Anion-π catalysis on carbon allotropes is particularly attractive because high polarizability promises access to really strong anion-π interactions. With these expectations, anion-π catalysis on fullerenes has been introduced in 2017, followed by carbon nanotubes in 2019. Consistent with expectations from theory, anion-π catalysis on carbon allotropes generally increases with polarizability. Realized examples reach from enolate addition chemistry to asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions and autocatalytic ether cyclizations. Currently, anion-π catalysis on carbon allotropes gains momentum because the combination with electric-field-assisted catalysis promises transformative impact on organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei-Ling Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Renno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Wang C, Yang Y, Lin L, Xu B, Hou J, Deng Y, Geng Y. Self-Doped n-Type Quinoidal Compounds with Good Air Stability and High Electrical Conductivity for Organic Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307856. [PMID: 37402633 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Air stable n-type conductive molecules with high electrical conductivities and excellent device performance have important applications in organic electronics, but their synthesis remains challenging. Herein, we report three self-doped n-type conductive molecules, designated QnNs, with a closed-shell quinoidal backbone and alkyl amino chains of different lengths. The QnNs are self-doped by intermolecular electron transfer from the amino groups to the quinoidal backbone. This process is ascertained unambiguously by experiments and theoretical calculations. The use of a quinoidal structure effectively improves the self-doping level, and thus increases the electrical conductivity of self-doped n-type conductive molecules achieved by a closed-shell structure from<10-4 S cm-1 to>0.03 S cm-1 . Furthermore, the closed-shell quinoidal structure results in good air stability of the QnNs, with half-lives>73 days; and Q4N shows an electrical conductivity of 0.019 S cm-1 even after exposure to air for 120 days. When applying Q6N as the cathode interlayer in organic solar cells (OSCs), an outstanding power conversion efficiency of up to 18.2 % was obtained, which represents one the best results in binary OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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4
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Yuan D, Liu W, Zhu X. Efficient and air-stable n-type doping in organic semiconductors. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37183967 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01027e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical doping of organic semiconductors (OSCs) enables feasible tuning of carrier concentration, charge mobility, and energy levels, which is critical for the applications of OSCs in organic electronic devices. However, in comparison with p-type doping, n-type doping has lagged far behind. The achievement of efficient and air-stable n-type doping in OSCs would help to significantly improve electron transport and device performance, and endow new functionalities, which are, therefore, gaining increasing attention currently. In this review, the issue of doping efficiency and doping air stability in n-type doped OSCs was carefully addressed. We first clarified the main factors that influenced chemical doping efficiency in n-type OSCs and then explain the origin of instability in n-type doped films under ambient conditions. Doping microstructure, charge transfer, and dissociation efficiency were found to determine the overall doping efficiency, which could be precisely tuned by molecular design and post treatments. To further enhance the air stability of n-doped OSCs, design strategies such as tuning the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, charge delocalization, intermolecular stacking, in situ n-doping, and self-encapsulations are discussed. Moreover, the applications of n-type doping in advanced organic electronics, such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, and thermoelectrics are being introduced. Finally, an outlook is provided on novel doping ways and material systems that are aimed at stable and efficient n-type doped OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wuyue Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Nasrun RFB, Nisa QAK, Salma SA, Kim JH. Cathode Interlayer Based on Naphthalene Diimide: A Modification Strategy for Zinc-Oxide-Free Inverted Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21324-21332. [PMID: 37071042 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Perylene diimide with ammonium oxide as a terminal group (named PDIN-O) is a well-known cathode interlayer in conventional-type organic solar cells (OSCs). Since naphthalene diimide exhibits a lower LUMO level than perylene diimide, we chose it as a core to further control the LUMO level of the materials. Small molecules (SMs) produce a beneficial interfacial dipole by the end of ionic functionality at the side chain of naphthalene diimide. With the active layer based on a nonfullerene acceptor (PM6:Y6BO), the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is enhanced by utilizing SMs as cathode interlayers. We discovered that the inverted-type OSC with naphthalene diimide with oxide as a counteranion (NDIN-O) shows poor thermal stability, which can cause irreversible damage to the interlayer-cathode contact, leading to poor PCE (11.1%). To overcome the disadvantage, we introduce NDIN-Br and NDIN-I with a higher decomposition temperature. An excellent PCE of 14.6% was achieved with the device based on NDIN-Br as an interlayer, which is almost the same as the PCE of the ZnO-based device (15.0%). The device based on NDIN-I without the ZnO layer exhibits an improved PCE of 15.4%, which is slightly higher than the ZnO-based device. The result offers a replacement of the ZnO interlayer, which is necessary to carefully manage the sol-gel transition by annealing temperatures as high as 200 °C and leading to low-cost manufacture of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- CECS Research Institute, Core Research Institute, Busan 48513, Korea
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6
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Advances in Thermoelectric Composites Consisting of Conductive Polymers and Fillers with Different Architectures. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206932. [PMID: 36296524 PMCID: PMC9612169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretchable wireless power is in increasingly high demand in fields such as smart devices, flexible robots, and electronic skins. Thermoelectric devices are able to convert heat into electricity due to the Seebeck effect, making them promising candidates for wearable electronics. Therefore, high-performance conductive polymer-based composites are urgently required for flexible wearable thermoelectric devices for the utilization of low-grade thermal energy. In this review, mechanisms and optimization strategies for polymer-based thermoelectric composites containing fillers of different architectures will be introduced, and recent advances in the development of such thermoelectric composites containing 0- to 3-dimensional filler components will be presented and outlooked.
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Powell D, Zhang X, Nwachukwu CI, Miller EJ, Hansen KR, Flannery L, Ogle J, Berzansky A, Labram JG, Roberts AG, Whittaker-Brooks L. Establishing Self-Dopant Design Principles from Structure-Function Relationships in Self-n-Doped Perylene Diimide Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204656. [PMID: 36040126 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-doping is a particular doping method that has been applied to a wide range of organic semiconductors. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the relationship between dopant structure and function. A structurally diverse series of self-n-doped perylene diimides (PDIs) is investigated to study the impact of steric encumbrance, counterion selection, and dopant/PDI tether distance on functional parameters such as doping, stability, morphology, and charge-carrier mobility. The studies show that self-n-doping is best enabled by the use of sterically encumbered ammoniums with short tethers and Lewis basic counterions. Additionally, water is found to inhibit doping, which concludes that thermal degradation is merely a phenomenological feature of certain dopants, and that residual solvent evaporation is the primary driver of thermally activated doping. In situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering studies show that sample annealing increases the π-π stacking distance and shrinks grain boundaries for improved long-range ordering. These features are then correlated to contactless carrier-mobility measurements with time-resolved microwave conductivity before and after thermal annealing. The collective relationships between structural features and functionality are finally used to establish explicit self-n-dopant design principles for the future design of materials with improved functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Xueqiao Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | | | - Edwin J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kameron R Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Laura Flannery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jonathan Ogle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Alex Berzansky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - John G Labram
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Andrew G Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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8
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Anila S, Suresh CH. Polyanionic cyano-fullerides for CO 2 capture: a DFT prediction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22144-22153. [PMID: 36082817 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03464f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of C60 fullerene with 'n' molecules (n = 1 to 6) of 1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-2-cyano-imidazole (IMCN) results in the exothermic formation of imidazolium cation-polyanionic fulleride complexes, (IM+)n⋯((C60(CN)n)n-). The binding energy of IM+ with (C60(CN)n)n- in the imidazolium-fulleride ionic complexes increased from -69.6 kcal mol-1 for n = 1 to -202.9 kcal mol-1 for n = 6. The energetics of the complex formation and cation-anion interaction energy data suggest the formation of imidazolium-fulleride ionic liquid (IL) systems. Furthermore, the dimer formation of such ionic complexes showed more exergonic nature due to multiple cooperative electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged species and suggested improved energetics for higher order clusters. The molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) analysis has revealed that the extra 'n' electrons in the ionic complex as well as that in the bare (C60(CN)n)n- are delocalized mainly on the unsaturated carbon centers of the fullerene unit, while the CN groups remain as a neutral unit. The MESP minimum (Vmin) values of (C60(CN)n)n- on the carbon cage have shown that the addition of each CN- unit on the cage enhances the negative character of Vmin by ∼54.7 kcal mol-1. This enhancement in MESP is comparable to the enhancement observed when one electron is added to C60 to produce (-62.5 kcal mol-1) and suggests that adding 'n' CN- groups to the fullerene cage is equivalent to supplying 'n' electrons to the carbon cage. Also the high capacity of the fullerene cage to hold several electrons can be attributed to the spherical delocalization of them onto the electron deficient carbon cage. The interactive behavior of CO2 molecules with (IM+)n⋯(C60(CN)n)n- systems showed that the interaction becomes stronger from -2.3 kcal mol-1 for n = 1 to -18.6 kcal mol-1 for n = 6. From the trianionic fulleride onwards, the C⋯CO2 noncovalent (nc) interaction changes to C-CO2 covalent (c) interaction with the development of carboxylate character on the adsorbed CO2. These results prove that cyano-fullerides are promising candidates for CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Anila
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 019, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 019, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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9
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Powell D, Whittaker-Brooks L. Concepts and principles of self-n-doping in perylene diimide chromophores for applications in biochemistry, energy harvesting, energy storage, and catalysis. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2026-2052. [PMID: 35670455 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-doping is an essential method of increasing carrier concentrations in organic electronics that eliminates the need to tailor host-dopant miscibility, a necessary step when employing molecular dopants. Self-n-doping can be accomplished using amines or ammonium counterions as an electron source, which are being incorporated into an ever-increasingly diverse range of organic materials spanning many applications. Self-n-doped materials have demonstrated exemplary and, in many cases, benchmark performances in a variety of applications. However, an in-depth review of the method is lacking. Perylene diimide (PDI) chromophores are an important mainstay in the semiconductor literature with well-known structure-function characteristics and are also one of the most widely utilized scaffolds for self-n-doping. In this review, we describe the unique properties of self-n-doped PDIs, delineate structure-function relationships, and discuss self-n-doped PDI performance in a range of applications. In particular, the impact of amine/ammonium incorporation into the PDI scaffold on doping efficiency is reviewed with regard to attachment mode, tether distance, counterion selection, and steric encumbrance. Self-n-doped PDIs are a unique set of PDI structural derivatives whose properties are amenable to a broad range of applications such as biochemistry, solar energy conversion, thermoelectric modules, batteries, and photocatalysis. Finally, we discuss challenges and the future outlook of self-n-doping principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
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10
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Xing Z, An MW, Chen ZC, Hu M, Huang X, Deng LL, Zhang Q, Guo X, Xie SY, Yang S. Surface Re-Engineering of Perovskites with Buckybowls to Boost the Inverted-Type Photovoltaics. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13839-13850. [PMID: 35862295 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite their multifaceted advantages, inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still suffer from lower power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than their regular counterparts, which is largely due to recombination energy losses (Eloss) that arise from the chemical, physical, and energy level mismatches, especially at the interfaces between perovskites and fullerene electron transport layers (ETLs). To address this problem, we herein introduce an aminium iodide derivative of a buckybowl (aminocorannulene) that is molecularly layered at the perovskite-ETL interface. Strikingly, besides passivating the PbI2-rich perovskite surface, the aminocorannulene enforces a vertical dipole and enhances the surface n-type character that is more compatible with the ETL, thus boosting the electron extraction and transport dynamics and suppressing interfacial Eloss. As a result, the champion PSC achieves an excellent PCE of over 22%, which is superior compared to that of the control device (∼20%). Furthermore, the device stability is significantly enhanced, owing to a lock-and-key-like grip on the mobile iodides by the buckybowls and the resultant increase of the interfacial ion-migration barrier. This work highlights the potential of buckybowls for the multifunctional surface engineering of perovskite toward high-performance and stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ming-Wei An
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zuo-Chang Chen
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Mingyu Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xianzhen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lin-Long Deng
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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11
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Recent advancements in the development of photo- and electro-active hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Scaccabarozzi AD, Basu A, Aniés F, Liu J, Zapata-Arteaga O, Warren R, Firdaus Y, Nugraha MI, Lin Y, Campoy-Quiles M, Koch N, Müller C, Tsetseris L, Heeney M, Anthopoulos TD. Doping Approaches for Organic Semiconductors. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4420-4492. [PMID: 34793134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electronic doping in organic materials has remained an elusive concept for several decades. It drew considerable attention in the early days in the quest for organic materials with high electrical conductivity, paving the way for the pioneering work on pristine organic semiconductors (OSCs) and their eventual use in a plethora of applications. Despite this early trend, however, recent strides in the field of organic electronics have been made hand in hand with the development and use of dopants to the point that are now ubiquitous. Here, we give an overview of all important advances in the area of doping of organic semiconductors and their applications. We first review the relevant literature with particular focus on the physical processes involved, discussing established mechanisms but also newly proposed theories. We then continue with a comprehensive summary of the most widely studied dopants to date, placing particular emphasis on the chemical strategies toward the synthesis of molecules with improved functionality. The processing routes toward doped organic films and the important doping-processing-nanostructure relationships, are also discussed. We conclude the review by highlighting how doping can enhance the operating characteristics of various organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto D Scaccabarozzi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aniruddha Basu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Filip Aniés
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Osnat Zapata-Arteaga
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ross Warren
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunication, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jalan Sangkuriang Komplek LIPI Building 20 level 4, Bandung 40135, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Insan Nugraha
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuanbao Lin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Norbert Koch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekulé-Strasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Tsetseris
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Athens GR-15780, Greece
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Crystallographic Understanding of Photoelectric Properties for C60 Derivatives Applicable as Electron Transporting Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Zheng T, Fan B, Zhao Y, Jin B, Fan L, Peng R. Tailored conductive fullerenes-based passivator for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 598:229-237. [PMID: 33901848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial defects result in a limitation to the development of highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. The passivation of these defects by adopting various interfacial defects passivation agents is a common method for boosting device performance. However, most existing interfacial defects passivation agents form poorly conductive aggregates at the perovskite interface with the electron transport layer (ETL), hindering the transport of charge carriers. In addition, the electron mobility of passivation agents is an important factor that affects the electron communication between the adjacent layers. Herein, a fullerene-based molecular passivator, [60]fullerene-4-(1-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)benzenaminium (C60-tBu-I), is designed and synthesized. This novel n-doping fullerene ammonium iodide is developed as an interfacial modification agent to accelerate charge transport from the perovskite active layer into the ETL while hindering the nonradiative charge carrier recombination. Hence, compared with the control devices (15.66%), C60-tBu-I-modified device presents a higher efficiency of 17.75%. More importantly, the tert-butyl group dramatically enhances the resistance of perovskite films to water molecular. As a result, C60-tBu-I-modified devices exhibit excellent long-term stability, remaining at more than 87% of the initial power conversion efficiency value after storage for 500 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Kunshan GCL Photoelectric Material Ltd. Co, Suzhou 215300, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Lisheng Fan
- Kunshan GCL Photoelectric Material Ltd. Co, Suzhou 215300, China.
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan Mianyang 621010, China.
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15
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Koopmans M, Leiviskä MAT, Liu J, Dong J, Qiu L, Hummelen JC, Portale G, Heiber MC, Koster LJA. Electrical Conductivity of Doped Organic Semiconductors Limited by Carrier-Carrier Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56222-56230. [PMID: 33263385 PMCID: PMC7747224 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
High electrical conductivity is a prerequisite for improving the performance of organic semiconductors for various applications and can be achieved through molecular doping. However, often the conductivity is enhanced only up to a certain optimum doping concentration, beyond which it decreases significantly. We combine analytical work and Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate that carrier-carrier interactions can cause this conductivity decrease and reduce the maximum conductivity by orders of magnitude, possibly in a broad range of materials. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we disentangle the effect of carrier-carrier interactions from carrier-dopant interactions. Coulomb potentials of ionized dopants are shown to decrease the conductivity, but barely influence the trend of conductivity versus doping concentration. We illustrate these findings using a doped fullerene derivative for which we can correctly estimate the carrier density at which the conductivity maximizes. We use grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering to show that the decrease of the conductivity cannot be explained by changes to the microstructure. We propose the reduction of carrier-carrier interactions as a strategy to unlock higher-conductivity organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Koopmans
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Miina A. T. Leiviskä
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Liu
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jingjin Dong
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Li Qiu
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. Hummelen
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Michael C. Heiber
- Center
for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
| | - L. Jan Anton Koster
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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16
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Yu TF, Chen HY, Liao MY, Tien HC, Chang TT, Chueh CC, Lee WY. Solution-Processable Anion-doped Conjugated Polymer for Nonvolatile Organic Transistor Memory with Synaptic Behaviors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33968-33978. [PMID: 32608231 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brain-inspired synaptic transistors have been considered as a promising device for next-generation electronics. To mimic the behavior of a biological synapse, both data processing and nonvolatile memory capability are simultaneously required for a single electronic device. In this work, a simple approach to realize a synaptic transistor with improved memory characteristics is demonstrated by doping an ionic additive, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP), into an active polymer semiconductor without using any extra charge storage layer. TBAP doping is first revealed to improve the memory window of a derived transistor memory device from 19 to 32 V (∼68% enhancement) with an on/off current ratio over 103 at VG = -10 V. Through morphological analysis and theoretical calculations, it is revealed that the association of anion with polymers enhances the charge retention capability of the polymer and facilitates the interchain interactions to result in improved memory characteristics. More critically, the doped device is shown to successfully mimic the synaptic behaviors, such as paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents, and spike-rate dependent plasticity. Notably, the TBAP-doped device is shown to deliver a PPF index of up to 204% in contrast to the negligible value of an undoped device. This study describes a novel approach to prepare a synaptic transistor by doping conjugated polymers, which can promote the future development of artificial neuromorphic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Feng Yu
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yang Chen
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yun Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chiao Tien
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Chang
- Department of Psychology/Research Center for Mind, Brain & Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ya Lee
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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17
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Zheng T, Fan L, Zhou H, Zhao Y, Jin B, Peng R. Engineering of Electron Extraction and Defect Passivation via Anion-Doped Conductive Fullerene Derivatives as Interlayers for Efficient Invert Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24747-24755. [PMID: 32407074 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The major limitation of organic-inorganic perovskite solar cell performance is the existence of numerous charged defects at the absorption layer surface, which caused the charge carrier to recombine depravation. These defects have a remarkable influence on charge extraction, which further caused the instability of the device and induced severe hysteresis. Here, three low-cost anion-doped conductive fullerene derivatives, fullerene bis(phenethyl alcohol) malonate (FMPE-I), fullerene bis(ethylenediamine) malonamide (FEDA-I), and fullerene bis(propanediamine) malonamide (FPDA-I), are developed for the first time as interfacial layers between perovskite and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in planar invert perovskite solar cells by mild solution fabrication. The constituent Lewis basic halides and the specific amide groups of conductive fullerene derivatives efficaciously heighten the chemical interaction between perovskite and conductive fullerene derivatives since the iodide can combine with undercoordinated Pb2+ by electrostatic interaction and the amide group can facilely be combined with I by hydrogen bonding, improving the dual passivation of perovskite defects. Moreover, due to the well-matched energy level of conductive fullerene derivatives and the high conductivity of the perovskite/interlayer film, the electron extraction capacity can be effectively enhanced. Consequently, superior optoelectronic properties are achieved with an improved power conversion efficiency of 17.63%, which is considerably higher than that of the bare PCBM-based devices (14.96%), for the perovskite device with conductive interlayer treatment along with negligible hysteresis. Moreover, hydrophobic conductive fullerene derivatives improve the resistance of the device to moisture. The conductive fullerene derivative-based devices without encapsulation are maintained at 85% of the pristine power conversion efficiency value after storage under ambient conditions (25 °C temperature, 60% humidity) for 500 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Lisheng Fan
- Kunshan GCL Photoelectric Material Ltd. Co., Suzhou 215300, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
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18
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Ariga K, Shrestha LK. Fullerene Nanoarchitectonics with Shape-Shifting. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2280. [PMID: 32429148 PMCID: PMC7287900 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This short review article introduces several examples of self-assembly-based structural formation and shape-shifting using very simple molecular units, fullerenes (C60, C70, and their derivatives), as fullerene nanoarchitectonics. Fullerene molecules are suitable units for the basic science of self-assembly because they are simple zero-dimensional objects with only a single elemental component, carbon, without any charged or interactive functional groups. In this review article, self-assembly of fullerene molecules and their shape-shifting are introduced as fullerene nanoarchitectonics. An outline and a background of fullerene nanoarchitectonics are first described, followed by various demonstrations, including fabrication of various fullerene nanostructures, such as rods on the cube, holes in the cube, interior channels in the cube, and fullerene micro-horns, and also a demonstration of a new concept, supramolecular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Lok Kumar Shrestha
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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19
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Li X, Ding G, Song G, Zhuang Y, Wang C, Li R, Liu Q. Aggregation behavior of aqu/nC 60 produced via extended mixing: Influence of sunlight and agitation intensity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110332. [PMID: 32088550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of C60, as an important process governing its mobility and toxicity, has been quantitatively investigated. However, effects of sunlight and agitation intensity on the aggregation behavior of aqu/nC60 produced via extended mixing, have not been clarified. Therefore, in the present study, the aggregation behavior of aqu/nC60 produced at 500 and 800 rpm in the absence and presence of sunlight was investigated. Aggregation with increasing concentrations could be accelerated, while changes of Zave and zeta potential were not obvious. Critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) of aqu/nC60 obtained at 800 rpm in the absence/presence of sunlight and that at 500 rpm under sunlight were 330, 205 and 170 mM NaCl, and 10.0, 2.6 and 3.1 mM CaCl2, respectively. These CCCs indicated that the aqu/nC60 prepared by the extended mixing were more stable than those produced by other methods. Salt-induced aggregation occurred more easily for aqu/nC60 formed under sunlight than that formed in the dark. Extra surface oxidation induced by high agitation intensity remarkably increased the stability of aqu/nC60 in NaCl solutions. In contrast, in CaCl2 solutions, aqu/nC60 formed at high agitation intensity had similar stability or even inadequate stability to that obtained at low agitation intensity due to the charge neutralization and cross-link bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Guanghui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, China.
| | - Guobin Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Yuting Zhuang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Chunchao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Ruijuan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Quanbin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, China
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20
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Gu Y, Liu Y, Russell TP. Fullerene‐Based Interlayers for Breaking Energy Barriers in Organic Solar Cells. Chempluschem 2020; 85:751-759. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Yao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- Polymer Science and Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
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21
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Bi S, Leng X, Li Y, Zheng Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhou H. Interfacial Modification in Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805708. [PMID: 30600552 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic bulk heterojunction solar cells (OSCs) and hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are two promising photovoltaic techniques for next-generation energy conversion devices. The rapid increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in OSCs and PSCs has profited from synergetic progresses in rational material synthesis for photoactive layers, device processing, and interface engineering. Interface properties in these two types of devices play a critical role in dictating the processes of charge extraction, surface trap passivation, and interfacial recombination. Therefore, there have been great efforts directed to improving the solar cell performance and device stability in terms of interface modification. Here, recent progress in interfacial doping with biopolymers and ionic salts to modulate the cathode interface properties in OSCs is reviewed. For the anode interface modification, recent strategies of improving the surface properties in widely used PEDOT:PSS for narrowband OSCs or replacing it by novel organic conjugated materials will be touched upon. Several recent approaches are also in focus to deal with interfacial traps and surface passivation in emerging PSCs. Finally, the current challenges and possible directions for the efforts toward further boosts of PCEs and stability via interface engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuanye Leng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanxun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuning Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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22
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Chen TW, Chang CC, Hsiao YT, Chan C, Hong L, Zhong L, Chuang WT, Hou J, Li Y, Hsu CS. Single-Junction Organic Solar Cell Containing a Fluorinated Heptacyclic Carbazole-Based Ladder-Type Acceptor Affords over 13% Efficiency with Solution-Processed Cross-Linkable Fullerene as an Interfacial Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31069-31077. [PMID: 31368298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a fluorinated heptacyclic dithienocyclopentacarbazole (DTC)-based non-fullerene acceptor (NFA), DTC(4Ph)-4FIC, is synthesized and blended with J71, PBDB-T, and PBDB-TF, featuring complementary absorption and well-matched energy levels. The DTC(4Ph)-4FIC neat film exhibits face-on preference, whereas the nonfluorinated counterpart, DTC(4Ph)-IC, exhibits edge-on preference; this unique feature owing to fluorination in DTC-based NFAs is observed for the first time. More importantly, DTC(4Ph)-4FIC exhibits improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 10.92 and 10.41% in J71- and PBDB-T-containing devices, while the devices that employed DTC(4Ph)-IC afford PCEs of 7.76 and 9.48%, respectively. Because PBDB-TF is known to exhibit lower energy levels than J71 and PBDB-T, the corresponding device affords a VOC of 0.95 V, a JSC of 18.29 mA cm-2, a FF of 75.70%, and a PCE of 13.15%, which is 20 and 26% higher than J71- and PBDB-T-containing devices. Furthermore, the inverted device containing the PBDB-TF:DTC(4Ph)-4FIC blend is fabricated using cross-linkable fullerene (C-PCBSD) as the cathode interlayer, affording a decent PCE of 13.36%, with a VOC of 0.94 V, a JSC of 20.20 mA cm-2, and a FF of 70.42%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ling Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Lian Zhong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road , Hsinchu 30076 , Taiwan
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
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23
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Tuo DH, Ao YF, Wang QQ, Wang DX. Benzene Triimide Cage as a Selective Container of Azide. Org Lett 2019; 21:7158-7162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- De-Hui Tuo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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24
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Said AA, Xie J, Zhang Q. Recent Progress in Organic Electron Transport Materials in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900854. [PMID: 31069952 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic n-type materials (e.g., fullerene derivatives, naphthalene diimides (NDIs), perylene diimides (PDIs), azaacene-based molecules, and n-type conjugated polymers) are demonstrated as promising electron transport layers (ETLs) in inverted perovskite solar cells (p-i-n PSCs), because these materials have several advantages such as easy synthesis and purification, tunable frontier molecular orbitals, decent electron mobility, low cost, good solubility in different organic solvents, and reasonable chemical/thermal stability. Considering these positive factors, approaches toward achieving effective p-i-n PSCs with these organic materials as ETLs are highlighted in this Review. Moreover, organic structures, electron transport properties, working function of electrodes caused by ETLs, and key relevant parameters (PCE and stability) of p-i-n PSCs are presented. Hopefully, this Review will provide fundamental guidance for future development of new organic n-type materials as ETLs for more efficient p-i-n PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali Said
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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25
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Yan K, Li C. Solution‐Processable Conductive Organics via Anion‐Induced n‐Doping and Their Applications in Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangrong Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationState Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Chang‐Zhi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationState Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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26
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Zhao J, Lin Z, Fang S, Xie X, Wang H, Pang Z, Zhang J, Kong X, Lei M. Photoexcitation of self-n-doped fullerene ammonium halides: The role of halide ion and a possible synergistic dual-redox cycle mechanism within their aggregate. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Xu Y, Sun H, Liu A, Zhu HH, Li W, Lin YF, Noh YY. Doping: A Key Enabler for Organic Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801830. [PMID: 30101530 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are the central building blocks of organic electronics, but still suffer from low performance and manufacturing difficulties. This is due in part to the absence of doping, which is mostly excluded from OFET applications for the concern about uncontrollable dopant diffusion. Doping enabled the modern semiconductor industry to build essential components like Ohmic contacts and P-N junctions, empowering devices to function as designed. Recent breakthroughs in organic semiconductors and doping techniques demonstrated that doping can also be a key enabler for high-performance OFETs. However, the knowledge of organic doping remains limited particularly for OFET use. Therefore, this review addresses OFET doping from a device perspective. The paper overviews doping basics and roles in advanced complementary technologies. These fundamentals help to understand why and how doping provides the desired transistor characteristics. Typical OFETs without doping are discussed, with consideration for operating principle and problems caused by the absence of doping. Achievements for channel, contact, and overall doping are also examined to clarify the corresponding doping roles. Finally, doping mechanisms, techniques, and dopants associated with OFET applications are reviewed. This paper promotes fundamental understanding of OFET doping for the development of high-performance OFETs with doped components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Huabin Sun
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Hui Zhu
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yen-Fu Lin
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
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28
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Liu J, Ye G, Zee BVD, Dong J, Qiu X, Liu Y, Portale G, Chiechi RC, Koster LJA. N-Type Organic Thermoelectrics of Donor-Acceptor Copolymers: Improved Power Factor by Molecular Tailoring of the Density of States. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1804290. [PMID: 30222216 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that the n-type thermoelectric performance of donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers can be enhanced by a factor of >1000 by tailoring the density of states (DOS). The DOS distribution is tailored by embedding sp2 -nitrogen atoms into the donor moiety of the D-A backbone. Consequently, an electrical conductivity of 1.8 S cm-1 and a power factor of 4.5 µW m-1 K-2 are achieved. Interestingly, an unusual sign switching (from negative to positive) of the Seebeck coefficient of the unmodified D-A copolymer at moderately high dopant loading is observed. A direct measurement of the DOS shows that the DOS distributions become less broad upon modifying the backbone in both pristine and doped states. Additionally, doping-induced charge transfer complexes (CTC) states, which are energetically located below the neutral band, are observed in DOS of the doped unmodified D-A copolymer. It is proposed that charge transport through these CTC states is responsible for the positive Seebeck coefficients in this n-doped system. This is supported by numerical simulation and temperature dependence of Seebeck coefficient. The work provides a unique insight into the fundamental understanding of molecular doping and sheds light on designing efficient n-type OTE materials from a perspective of tailoring the DOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Ye
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van der Zee
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingjin Dong
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuru Liu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C Chiechi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Jan Anton Koster
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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29
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Tan Y, Chen L, Wu F, Huang B, Liao Z, Yu Z, Hu L, Zhou Y, Chen Y. Regulation of the Polar Groups in n-Type Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as Electron Transfer Layer for Inverted Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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30
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Gutiérrez-Flores J, Moreno A, Vázquez FJ, Rios C, Minutti B, Morales G, Suarez A, Ramos E, Salcedo R. Cycloaddition reactions of pristine and endohedral fullerene molecules: possible anticancer activity. J Mol Model 2018; 24:268. [PMID: 30173306 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epoxide of oestradiol is one of the main risk factors for the genesis and evolution of breast cancer; hence, in recent years there has been considerable interest in the investigation of new inhibitors capable of reducing its carcinogenic activity. The aim of this article is to study the [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of epoxide of oestradiol in different pristine (C76 and D5h-C80) and endohedral metallofullerene (C72@Sc2C2, C76@Sc2 and C80@Sc2) by means of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) topological analysis. Different from other molecular scalar fields, MEP topology enables to find minima related to lone pairs and π electrons, therefore, this molecular scalar field is appropriate to identify the most reactive sites. In consonance with our results, it was found that C80 was the best candidate to carry out the epoxide of oestradiol cycloaddition since more stable adducts were obtained. Furthermore, it is expected that more than one oestradiol epoxide molecule will be added to C80, forasmuch as C80 reactivity is enhanced once the adduct is formed. The study was carried through DFT framework included in the Gaussian 09 package (MPWB95/6-31G(d,p)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gutiérrez-Flores
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Citlalli Rios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Betzabeth Minutti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Aura Suarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Estrella Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Salcedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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31
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López‐Andarias J, Bauzá A, Sakai N, Frontera A, Matile S. Remote Control of Anion-π Catalysis on Fullerene-Centered Catalytic Triads. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10883-10887. [PMID: 29806724 PMCID: PMC6120490 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and evaluation of catalytic triads composed of a central C60 fullerene with an amine base on one side and polarizability enhancers on the other side are reported. According to an enolate addition benchmark reaction, fullerene-fullerene-amine triads display the highest selectivity in anion-π catalysis observed so far, whereas NDI-fullerene-amine triads are not much better than fullerene-amine controls (NDI=naphthalenediimide). These large differences in activity are in conflict with the small differences in intrinsic π acidity, that is, LUMO energy levels and π holes on the central fullerene. However, they are in agreement with the high polarizability of fullerene-fullerene-amine triads. Activation and deactivation of the fullerene-centered triads by intercalators and computational data on anion binding further indicate that for functional relevance, intrinsic π acidity is less important than induced π acidity, that is, the size of the oriented macrodipole of polarizable π systems that emerges only in response to the interaction with anions and anionic transition states. The resulting transformation is thus self-induced, the anionic intermediates and transition states create their own anion-π catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department de QuímicaUniversitat de les Illes BalearsPalma de MallorcaBalearesSpain
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de QuímicaUniversitat de les Illes BalearsPalma de MallorcaBalearesSpain
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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32
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López-Andarias J, Bauzá A, Sakai N, Frontera A, Matile S. Remote Control of Anion-π Catalysis on Fullerene-Centered Catalytic Triads. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department de Química; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de Química; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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33
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Niu T, Lu J, Munir R, Li J, Barrit D, Zhang X, Hu H, Yang Z, Amassian A, Zhao K, Liu SF. Stable High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells via Grain Boundary Passivation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706576. [PMID: 29527750 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The trap states at grain boundaries (GBs) within polycrystalline perovskite films deteriorate their optoelectronic properties, making GB engineering particularly important for stable high-performance optoelectronic devices. It is demonstrated that trap states within bulk films can be effectively passivated by semiconducting molecules with Lewis acid or base functional groups. The perovskite crystallization kinetics are studied using in situ synchrotron-based grazing-incidence X-ray scattering to explore the film formation mechanism. A model of the passivation mechanism is proposed to understand how the molecules simultaneously passivate the Pb-I antisite defects and vacancies created by under-coordinated Pb atoms. In addition, it also explains how the energy offset between the semiconducting molecules and the perovskite influences trap states and intergrain carrier transport. The superior optoelectronic properties are attained by optimizing the molecular passivation treatments. These benefits are translated into significant enhancements of the power conversion efficiencies to 19.3%, as well as improved environmental and thermal stability of solar cells. The passivated devices without encapsulation degrade only by ≈13% after 40 d of exposure in 50% relative humidity at room temperature, and only ≈10% after 24 h at 80 °C in controlled environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Rahim Munir
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC) and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Dounya Barrit
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC) and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xu Zhang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hanlin Hu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC) and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Aram Amassian
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC) and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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34
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Zhang X, Liu L, López-Andarias J, Wang C, Sakai N, Matile S. Anion-π
Catalysis: Focus on Nonadjacent Stereocenters. Helv Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201700288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Javier López-Andarias
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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35
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Yan K, Liu ZX, Li X, Chen J, Chen H, Li CZ. Conductive fullerene surfactants via anion doping as cathode interlayers for efficient organic and perovskite solar cells. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00788h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conductive fullerenes, with mild solution-processing capabilities, are developed as electron transporting materials for efficient organic and perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangrong Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Zhi-Xi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Xue Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Jiehuan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
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36
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López-Andarias J, Frontera A, Matile S. Anion−π Catalysis on Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13296-13299. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier López-Andarias
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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37
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Liu J, Qiu L, Portale G, Koopmans M, Ten Brink G, Hummelen JC, Koster LJA. N-Type Organic Thermoelectrics: Improved Power Factor by Tailoring Host-Dopant Miscibility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701641. [PMID: 28722288 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, for the first time, the polarity of fullerene derivatives is tailored to enhance the miscibility between the host and dopant molecules. A fullerene derivative with a hydrophilic triethylene glycol type side chain (PTEG-1) is used as the host and (4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)phenyl)dimethylamine n-DMBI) as the dopant. Thereby, the doping efficiency can be greatly improved to around 18% (<1% for a nonpolar reference sample) with optimized electrical conductivity of 2.05 S cm-1 , which represents the best result for solution-processed fullerene derivatives. An in-depth microstructural study indicates that the PTEG-1 molecules readily form layered structures parallel to the substrate after solution processing. The fullerene cage plane is alternated by the triethylene glycol side chain plane; the n-DMBI dopants are mainly incorporated in the side chain plane without disturbing the π-π packing of PTEG-1. This new microstructure, which is rarely observed for codeposited thin films from solution, formed by PTEG-1 and n-DMBI molecules explains the increased miscibility of the host/dopant system at a nanoscale level and the high electrical conductivity. Finally, a power factor of 16.7 µW m-1 K-2 is achieved at 40% dopant concentration. This work introduces a new strategy for improving the conductivity of solution-processed n-type organic thermoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Li Qiu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Koopmans
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Ten Brink
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Hummelen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Jan Anton Koster
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Cid A, Moldes ÓA, Diniz MS, Rodríguez-González B, Mejuto JC. Redispersion and Self-Assembly of C 60 Fullerene in Water and Toluene. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2368-2373. [PMID: 31457586 PMCID: PMC6640936 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work aims at assessing the influence of two different solvents, bidistilled water and toluene, on dispersions of carbon-based engineered nanomaterials, namely, fullerenes, and their self-assembly behavior. The obtained self-assembled carbon-based materials were characterized using UV-vis spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The results obtained were unexpected when toluene was used for dispersing fullerene C60, with the formation of two different types of self-assembled structures: fullerene C60 nanowhiskers (FNWs) and a type of quasispherical nanostructure. The FNWs ranged between 1 and 6 μm in length, whereas the quasispherical fullerene C60 nanoaggregates ranged between 10 and 50 nm in diameter. Aggregates obtained in toluene showed a well-formed crystal structure. When using water, the obtained aggregates were amorphous and showed a no well-defined shape. Their sizes ranged between 20 and 40 nm for nanosized structures and between 0.4 and 4.8 μm for micron-sized self-aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cid
- UCIBIO,
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências
e Tecnología, Universidade NOVA de
Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Departamento
de Química-Física, Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Campus de As Lagoas S/N, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Óscar A. Moldes
- Departamento
de Química-Física, Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Campus de As Lagoas S/N, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mário S. Diniz
- UCIBIO,
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências
e Tecnología, Universidade NOVA de
Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Juan C. Mejuto
- Departamento
de Química-Física, Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Campus de As Lagoas S/N, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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39
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Chang CY, Tsai BC, Hsiao YC. Efficient and Stable Vacuum-Free-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by a Robust Solution-Processed Hole Transport Layer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:1981-1988. [PMID: 28334500 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, efficient and stable vacuum-free processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are demonstrated by employing solutionprocessed molybdenum tris-[1-(trifluoroethanoyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)ethane-1,2-dithiolene] (Mo(tfd-COCF3 )3 )-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film as hole transport layer (HTL). Our results indicate that the incorporation of Mo(tfd-COCF3 )3 dopant can induce p-doping through charge transfer from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the PEDOT host to the electron affinity of Mo(tfd-COCF3 )3 , leading to an increase in conductivity by more than three orders of magnitude. With this newly developed p-doped film as HTL in planar heterojunction PSCs, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 18.47 % can be achieved, which exceeds that of the device with commonly used HTL 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Taking the advantage of the high conductivity of this doped film, a prominent PCE as high as 15.58 % is also demonstrated even when a large HTL thickness of 220 nm is used. Importantly, the high quality film of this HTL is capable of acting as an effective passivation layer to keep the underlying perovskite layer intact during solution-processed Ag-nanoparticles layer deposition. The resulting vacuum-free PSCs deliver an impressive PCE of 14.81 %, which represents the highest performance ever reported for vacuum-free PSCs. Furthermore, the resulting devices show good ambient stability without encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Rd., Seatwen, Taichung, Taiwan, 40724, R. O. C
| | - Bo-Chou Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Rd., Seatwen, Taichung, Taiwan, 40724, R. O. C
| | - Yu-Cheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Rd., Seatwen, Taichung, Taiwan, 40724, R. O. C
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40
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Chueh CC, Li CZ, Ding F, Li Z, Cernetic N, Li X, Jen AKY. Doping Versatile n-Type Organic Semiconductors via Room Temperature Solution-Processable Anionic Dopants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1136-1144. [PMID: 27966345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a facile solution-processing method to effectively dope versatile n-type organic semiconductors, including fullerene, n-type small molecules, and graphene by commercially available ammonium and phosphonium salts via in situ anion-induced electron transfer. In addition to the Lewis basicity of anions, we unveiled that the ionic binding strength between the cation and anion of the salts is also crucial in modulating the electron transfer strength of the dopants to affect the resulting doping efficiency. Furthermore, combined with the rational design of n-type molecules, an n-doped organic semiconductor is demonstrated to be thermally and environmentally stable. This finding provides a simple and generally applicable method to make highly efficient n-doped conductors which complements the well-established p-doped organics such as PEDOT:PSS for organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feizhi Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nathan Cernetic
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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41
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Lv M, Jasieniak JJ, Zhu J, Chen X. A hybrid organic–inorganic three-dimensional cathode interfacial material for organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An alcohol soluble hybrid organic–inorganic three-dimensional material POSS-FN has been synthesized and assessed as a cathode interlayer within organic solar cells consisting of a PBDT-BT:PC61BM bulk heterojunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglan Lv
- Guizhou Institute of Technology
- Guiyang
- China
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship
- Clayton
| | - Jacek J. Jasieniak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Jin Zhu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xiwen Chen
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship
- Clayton
- Australia
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42
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Bai Y, Dong Q, Shao Y, Deng Y, Wang Q, Shen L, Wang D, Wei W, Huang J. Enhancing stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells with crosslinkable silane-functionalized and doped fullerene. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12806. [PMID: 27703136 PMCID: PMC5059465 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The instability of hybrid perovskite materials due to water and moisture arises as one major challenge to be addressed before any practical application of the demonstrated high efficiency perovskite solar cells. Here we report a facile strategy that can simultaneously enhance the stability and efficiency of p–i–n planar heterojunction-structure perovskite devices. Crosslinkable silane molecules with hydrophobic functional groups are bonded onto fullerene to make the fullerene layer highly water-resistant. Methylammonium iodide is introduced in the fullerene layer for n-doping via anion-induced electron transfer, resulting in dramatically increased conductivity over 100-fold. With crosslinkable silane-functionalized and doped fullerene electron transport layer, the perovskite devices deliver an efficiency of 19.5% with a high fill factor of 80.6%. A crosslinked silane-modified fullerene layer also enhances the water and moisture stability of the non-sealed perovskite devices by retaining nearly 90% of their original efficiencies after 30 days' exposure in an ambient environment. Perovskite solar cells reach high efficiencies but their stability remains a challenge. Here, Bai et al. functionalize the fullerene-based transport layer with hydrophobic and crosslinkable molecules to prepare devices reaching 19% efficiency and degrading by 10% over a month in ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA.,Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA
| | - Qingfeng Dong
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA.,Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA
| | - Yuchuan Shao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA.,Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA
| | - Yehao Deng
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA.,Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA.,Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA.,Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA.,Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA.,Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA.,Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0656, USA
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43
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Zhu Z, Chueh C, Lin F, Jen AK. Enhanced Ambient Stability of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells by Employing a Modified Fullerene Cathode Interlayer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1600027. [PMID: 27711269 PMCID: PMC5039977 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel fullerene cathode interlayer is employed to facilitate the fabrication of stable and efficient perovskite solar cells. This modified fullerene surfactant significantly increases air stability of the derived devices due to its hydrophobic characteristics to enable 80% of the initial PCE to be retained after being exposed in ambient condition with 20% relative humidity for 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195‐2120USA
| | - Chu‐Chen Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195‐2120USA
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195‐2120USA
| | - Alex K.‐Y. Jen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195‐2120USA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195‐2120USA
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44
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Luo H, Yu C, Liu Z, Zhang G, Geng H, Yi Y, Broch K, Hu Y, Sadhanala A, Jiang L, Qi P, Cai Z, Sirringhaus H, Zhang D. Remarkable enhancement of charge carrier mobility of conjugated polymer field-effect transistors upon incorporating an ionic additive. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600076. [PMID: 27386541 PMCID: PMC4928946 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors with high charge carrier mobilities are crucial for flexible electronic applications. Apart from designing new conjugated frameworks, different strategies have been explored to increase charge carrier mobilities. We report a new and simple approach to enhancing the charge carrier mobility of DPP-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-conjugated polymer by incorporating an ionic additive, tetramethylammonium iodide, without extra treatments into the polymer. The resulting thin films exhibit a very high hole mobility, which is higher by a factor of 24 than that of thin films without the ionic additive under the same conditions. On the basis of spectroscopic grazing incidence wide-angle x-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy studies as well as theoretical calculations, the remarkable enhancement of charge mobility upon addition of tetramethylammonium iodide is attributed primarily to an inhibition of the torsion of the alkyl side chains by the presence of the ionic species, facilitating a more ordered lamellar packing of the alkyl side chains and interchain π-π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenmin Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Corresponding author. (D.Q.Z.); (H.S.); (Z.T.L.)
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Katharina Broch
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Lang Jiang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Penglin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Corresponding author. (D.Q.Z.); (H.S.); (Z.T.L.)
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Corresponding author. (D.Q.Z.); (H.S.); (Z.T.L.)
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45
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Wu Z, Sun C, Dong S, Jiang XF, Wu S, Wu H, Yip HL, Huang F, Cao Y. n-Type Water/Alcohol-Soluble Naphthalene Diimide-Based Conjugated Polymers for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2004-13. [PMID: 26794827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the demonstration of small-area, single-junction polymer solar cells (PSCs) with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over the 10% performance milestone, the manufacturing of high-performance large-area PSC modules is becoming the most critical issue for commercial applications. However, materials and processes that are optimized for fabricating small-area devices may not be applicable for the production of high-performance large-area PSC modules. One of the challenges is to develop new conductive interfacial materials that can be easily processed with a wide range of thicknesses without significantly affecting the performance of the PSCs. Toward this goal, we report two novel naphthalene diimide-based, self-doped, n-type water/alcohol-soluble conjugated polymers (WSCPs) that can be processed with a broad thickness range of 5 to 100 nm as efficient electron transporting layers (ETLs) for high-performance PSCs. Space charge limited current and electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies confirm that the presence of amine or ammonium bromide groups on the side chains of the WSCP can n-dope PC71BM at the bulk heterojunction (BHJ)/ETL interface, which improves the electron extraction properties at the cathode. In addition, both amino functional groups can induce self-doping to the WSCPs, although by different doping mechanisms, which leads to highly conductive ETLs with reduced ohmic loss for electron transport and extraction. Ultimately, PSCs based on the self-doped WSCP ETLs exhibit significantly improved device performance, yielding PCEs as high as 9.7% and 10.11% for PTB7-Th/PC71BM and PffBT4T-2OD/PC71BM systems, respectively. More importantly, with PffBT4T-2OD/PC71BM BHJ as an active layer, a prominent PCE of over 8% was achieved even when a thick ETL of 100 nm was used. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest efficiency demonstrated for PSCs with a thick interlayer and light-harvesting layer, which are important criteria for eventually making organic photovoltaic modules based on roll-to-roll coating processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Chen Sun
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Sheng Dong
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fang Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Siping Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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46
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Chang CY, Tsai BC, Hsiao YC, Huang YC, Tsao CS. High-performance printable hybrid perovskite solar cells with an easily accessible n-doped fullerene as a cathode interfacial layer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:31836-31844. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06486h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A promising approach towards highly efficient printable perovskite solar cells is demonstrated by employing a HMB-doped PC61BM film as a cathode interfacial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Feng Chia University
- Taichung
- Republic of China
| | - Bo-Chou Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Feng Chia University
- Taichung
- Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Feng Chia University
- Taichung
- Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ching Huang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research
- Taoyaun
- Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Si Tsao
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research
- Taoyaun
- Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
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47
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Kim JH, Chueh CC, Williams ST, Jen AKY. Room-temperature, solution-processable organic electron extraction layer for high-performance planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:17343-17349. [PMID: 26426581 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04250j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe a room-temperature, solution-processable organic electron extraction layer (EEL) for high-performance planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PHJ PVSCs). This EEL is composed of a bilayered fulleropyrrolidinium iodide (FPI)-polyethyleneimine (PEIE) and PC61BM, which yields a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.7% with insignificant hysteresis. We reveal that PC61BM can serve as a surface modifier of FPI-PEIE to simultaneously facilitate the crystallization of perovskite and the charge extraction at FPI-PEIE/CH3NH3PbI3 interface. Furthermore, the FPI-PEIE can also tune the work function of ITO and dope PC61BM to promote the efficient electron transport between ITO and PC61BM. Based on the advantages of room-temperature processability and decent electrical property of FPI-PEIE/PC61BM EEL, a high-performance flexible PVSC with a PCE ∼10% is eventually demonstrated. This study shows the potential of low-temperature processed organic EEL to replace transition metal oxide-based interlayers for highly printing compatible PVSCs with high-performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering Education, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, 305-764, South Korea
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48
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Lu L, Zheng T, Wu Q, Schneider AM, Zhao D, Yu L. Recent Advances in Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12666-731. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2097] [Impact Index Per Article: 233.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tianyue Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander M. Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Donglin Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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49
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Li C, Li Y, Wang X, Zhang B, Chen Y. Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of conjugated copolymers containing cyclopentadithiophene and two different electron-deficient moieties in the polymer backbone. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Yuan M, Voznyy O, Zhitomirsky D, Kanjanaboos P, Sargent EH. Synergistic doping of fullerene electron transport layer and colloidal quantum dot solids enhances solar cell performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:917-921. [PMID: 25504558 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The spatial location of the predominant source of performance-limiting recombination in today's best colloidal quantum dot (CQD) cells is identified, pinpointing the TiO2:CQD junction; then, a highly n-doped PCBM layer is introduced at the CQD:TiO2 heterointerface. An n-doped PCBM layer is essential to maintain the depletion region and allow for efficient current extraction, thereby producing a record 8.9% in overall power conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
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