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Jia S, Yang B, Du J, Xie Y, Yu L, Zhang Y, Tao T, Tang W, Gong J. Uncovering the Recent Progress of CNC-Derived Chirality Nanomaterials: Structure and Functions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401664. [PMID: 38651220 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), as a renewable resource, with excellent mechanical performance, low thermal expansion coefficient, and unique optical performance, is becoming a novel candidate for the development of smart material. Herein, the recent progress of CNC-based chirality nanomaterials is uncovered, mainly covering structure regulations and function design. Undergoing a simple evaporation process, the cellulose nanorods can spontaneously assemble into chiral nematic films, accompanied by a vivid structural color. Various film structure-controlling strategies, including assembly means, physical modulation, additive engineering, surface modification, geometric structure regulation, and external field optimization, are summarized in this work. The intrinsic correlation between structure and performance is emphasized. Next, the applications of CNC-based nanomaterials is systematically reviewed. Layer-by-layer stacking structure and unique optical activity endow the nanomaterials with wide applications in the mineralization, bone regeneration, and synthesis of mesoporous materials. Besides, the vivid structural color broadens the functions in anti-counterfeiting engineering, synthesis of the shape-memory and self-healing materials. Finally, the challenges for the CNC-based nanomaterials are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bingbing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yujiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Liuyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tiantian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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An Z, Cheng X, Zhao D, Ma Y, Guo X, Cheng Y. Tensile and Compressive Properties of Woven Fabric Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Laminates Containing Three-Dimensional Microvascular Channels. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:665. [PMID: 38475348 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Microvascular self-healing composite materials have significant potential for application and their mechanical properties need in-depth investigation. In this paper, the tensile and compressive properties of woven fabric carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates containing three-dimensional microvascular channels were investigated experimentally. Several detailed finite element (FE) models were established to simulate the mechanical behavior of the laminate and the effectiveness of different models was examined. The damage propagation process of the microvascular laminates and the influence of microvascular parameters were studied by the validated models. The results show that microvascular channels arranged along the thickness direction (z-direction) of the laminates are critical locations under the loads. The channels have minimal effect on the stiffness of the laminates but cause a certain reduction in strength, which varies approximately linearly with the z-direction channel diameter within its common design range of 0.1~1 mm. It is necessary to consider the resin-rich region formed around microvascular channels in the warp and weft fiber yarns of the woven fabric composite when establishing the FE model. The layers in the model should be assigned with equivalent unidirectional ply material in order to calculate the mechanical properties of laminates correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian An
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoquan Cheng
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dafang Zhao
- Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Ltd. (AVIC) Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Yihao Ma
- Research Institute of Navigation and Control Technology, China North Industries Group, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yujia Cheng
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Luo T, Ma Y, Cui X. Review on Frontal Polymerization Behavior for Thermosetting Resins: Materials, Modeling and Application. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:185. [PMID: 38256983 PMCID: PMC10818476 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The traditional curing methods for thermosetting resins are energy-inefficient and environmentally unfriendly. Frontal polymerization (FP) is a self-sustaining process relying on the exothermic heat of polymerization. During FP, the external energy input (such as UV light input or heating) is only required at the initial stage to trigger a localized reaction front. FP is regarded as the rapid and energy-efficient manufacturing of polymers. The precise control of FP is essential for several manufacturing technologies, such as 3D printing, depending on the materials and the coupling of thermal transfer and polymerization. In this review, recent progress on the materials, modeling, and application of FP for thermosetting resins are presented. First, the effects of resin formulations and mixed fillers on FP behavior are discussed. Then, the basic mathematical model and reaction-thermal transfer model of FP are introduced. After that, recent developments in FP-based manufacturing applications are introduced in detail. Finally, this review outlines a roadmap for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoyu Cui
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (T.L.); (Y.M.)
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Griskevicius P, Spakauskas K, Mahato S, Grigaliunas V, Raisutis R, Eidukynas D, Perkowski DM, Vilkauskas A. Experimental and Numerical Study of Healing Effect on Delamination Defect in Infusible Thermoplastic Composite Laminates. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6764. [PMID: 37895746 PMCID: PMC10608579 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of delaminated composite structures can be restored by introducing a thermally-based healing effect on continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPC). The phenomenon of thermoplastics retaining their properties after melting and consolidation has been applied by heating the delaminated composite plates above their glass transition temperature under pressure. In the current investigation, the composite is comprised of Methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based infusible lamination resin combined with benzoyl peroxide initiator, which polymerizes into a Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix. For the reinforcement, unidirectional 220 gr/m2 glass filament fabric was used. Delamination damage is artificially induced during the fabrication of laminate plates. The distributed delamination region before and after thermally activated healing was determined by using non-destructive testing with active thermography. An experimental approach is employed to characterize the thermal healing effect on mechanical properties. Experimentally determined technological parameters for thermal healing have been successfully applied to repair delamination defects on composite plates. Based on the compression-after-impact (CAI) test methodology, the intact, damaged, and healed composite laminates were loaded cyclically to evaluate the healing effect on stiffness and strength. During the CAI test, the 3D digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to measure the displacement and deformation fields. Experimental results reveal the difference between the behavior of healed and damaged specimens. Additionally, the numerical models of intact, damaged, and healed composite laminates were developed using the finite element code LS-Dyna. Numerical models with calibrated material properties and tie-break contact constants provide good correlation with experimental results and allow for the prediction of the mechanical behavior of intact, damaged, and healed laminated plates. The comparison analysis based on CAI test results and modal characteristics obtained by the 3D Laser Doppler Vibrometer (Polytec GmbH, Karlsbad, Germany) proved that thermal healing partially restores the mechanical properties of damaged laminate plates. In contrast, active thermography does not necessarily indicate a healing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Griskevicius
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Kestutis Spakauskas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Swarup Mahato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Valdas Grigaliunas
- Institute of Mechatronics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.G.); (D.E.); (A.V.)
| | - Renaldas Raisutis
- Ultrasound Research Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Darius Eidukynas
- Institute of Mechatronics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.G.); (D.E.); (A.V.)
| | - Dariusz M. Perkowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45C Wiejska St., 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Andrius Vilkauskas
- Institute of Mechatronics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.G.); (D.E.); (A.V.)
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Wan X, Mu T, Yin G. Intrinsic Self-Healing Chemistry for Next-Generation Flexible Energy Storage Devices. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:99. [PMID: 37037957 PMCID: PMC10086096 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The booming wearable/portable electronic devices industry has stimulated the progress of supporting flexible energy storage devices. Excellent performance of flexible devices not only requires the component units of each device to maintain the original performance under external forces, but also demands the overall device to be flexible in response to external fields. However, flexible energy storage devices inevitably occur mechanical damages (extrusion, impact, vibration)/electrical damages (overcharge, over-discharge, external short circuit) during long-term complex deformation conditions, causing serious performance degradation and safety risks. Inspired by the healing phenomenon of nature, endowing energy storage devices with self-healing capability has become a promising strategy to effectively improve the durability and functionality of devices. Herein, this review systematically summarizes the latest progress in intrinsic self-healing chemistry for energy storage devices. Firstly, the main intrinsic self-healing mechanism is introduced. Then, the research situation of electrodes, electrolytes, artificial interface layers and integrated devices based on intrinsic self-healing and advanced characterization technology is reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and perspective are provided. We believe this critical review will contribute to the development of intrinsic self-healing chemistry in the flexible energy storage field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiansheng Mu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Geping Yin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Li B, Cao PF, Saito T, Sokolov AP. Intrinsically Self-Healing Polymers: From Mechanistic Insight to Current Challenges. Chem Rev 2023; 123:701-735. [PMID: 36577085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-healing materials open new prospects for more sustainable technologies with improved material performance and devices' longevity. We present an overview of the recent developments in the field of intrinsically self-healing polymers, the broad class of materials based mostly on polymers with dynamic covalent and noncovalent bonds. We describe the current models of self-healing mechanisms and discuss several examples of systems with different types of dynamic bonds, from various hydrogen bonds to dynamic covalent bonds. The recent advances indicate that the most intriguing results are obtained on the systems that have combined different types of dynamic bonds. These materials demonstrate high toughness along with a relatively fast self-healing rate. There is a clear trade-off relationship between the rate of self-healing and mechanical modulus of the materials, and we propose design principles of polymers toward surpassing this trade-off. We also discuss various applications of intrinsically self-healing polymers in different technologies and summarize the current challenges in the field. This review intends to provide guidance for the design of intrinsic self-healing polymers with required properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Li
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
| | - Peng-Fei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
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7
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Irzhak VI, Uflyand IE, Dzhardimalieva GI. Self-Healing of Polymers and Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245404. [PMID: 36559772 PMCID: PMC9784839 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is devoted to the description of methods for the self-healing of polymers, polymer composites, and coatings. The self-healing of damages that occur during the operation of the corresponding structures makes it possible to extend the service life of the latter, and in this case, the problem of saving non-renewable resources is simultaneously solved. Two strategies are considered: (a) creating reversible crosslinks in the thermoplastic and (b) introducing a healing agent into cracks. Bond exchange reactions in network polymers (a) proceed as a dissociative process, in which crosslinks are split into their constituent reactive fragments with subsequent regeneration, or as an associative process, the limiting stage of which is the interaction of the reactive end group and the crosslink. The latter process is implemented in vitrimers. Strategy (b) is associated with the use of containers (hollow glass fibers, capsules, microvessels) that burst under the action of a crack. Particular attention is paid to self-healing processes in metallopolymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim I. Irzhak
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Igor E. Uflyand
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Moscow Aviation Institute, National Research University, 125993 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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8
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Snyder AD, Phillips ZJ, Turicek JS, Diesendruck CE, Nakshatrala KB, Patrick JF. Prolonged in situ self-healing in structural composites via thermo-reversible entanglement. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6511. [PMID: 36316323 PMCID: PMC9622832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural processes continuously degrade a material's performance throughout its life cycle. An emerging class of synthetic self-healing polymers and composites possess property-retaining functions with the promise of longer lifetimes. But sustained in-service repair of structural fiber-reinforced composites remains unfulfilled due to material heterogeneity and thermodynamic barriers in commonly cross-linked polymer-matrix constituents. Overcoming these inherent challenges for mechanical self-recovery is vital to extend in-service operation and attain widespread adoption of such bioinspired structural materials. Here we transcend existing obstacles and report a fiber-composite capable of minute-scale and prolonged in situ healing - 100 cycles: an order of magnitude higher than prior studies. By 3D printing a mendable thermoplastic onto woven glass/carbon fiber reinforcement and co-laminating with electrically resistive heater interlayers, we achieve in situ thermal remending of internal delamination via dynamic bond re-association. Full fracture recovery occurs below the glass-transition temperature of the thermoset epoxy-matrix composite, thus preserving stiffness during and after repair. A discovery of chemically driven improvement in thermal remending of glass- over carbon-fiber composites is also revealed. The marked lifetime extension offered by this self-healing strategy mitigates costly maintenance, facilitates repair of difficult-to-access structures (e.g., wind-turbine blades), and reduces part replacement, thereby benefiting economy and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Snyder
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University (NCSU), 1840 Entrepreneur Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Zachary J. Phillips
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 915 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Jack S. Turicek
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University (NCSU), 1840 Entrepreneur Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Charles E. Diesendruck
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003 Israel
| | - Kalyana B. Nakshatrala
- grid.266436.30000 0004 1569 9707Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston (UH), 4726 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - Jason F. Patrick
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University (NCSU), 1840 Entrepreneur Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695 USA ,grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 915 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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9
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Fugolin AP, Pfeifer CS. Strategies to design extrinsic stimuli-responsive dental polymers capable of autorepairing. JADA FOUNDATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 1:100013. [PMID: 36721424 PMCID: PMC9885849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfscie.2022.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives For many years, the requirements for dental polymers were limited to inertially filling the cavity and restoring form, function, and esthetics. Inorganic filler systems were widely enhanced to maximize the mechanical properties and optimize finishing and polishing procedures. The development of alternative photoinitiator systems also improved the carbon-carbon double bond conversion, increasing biocompatibility, wear, and stain resistance. However, despite laudable progress, the clinical life span of dental restorations is still limited, and their replacement is the most common procedure in dental offices worldwide. In the last few years, the development of materials with the potential to adapt to physiological stimuli has emerged as a key step to elevating dental polymers to a higher excellence level. In this context, using polymeric networks with self-healing properties that allow for the control of the propagation of microcracks is an appealing strategy to boost the lifetime of dental restorations. This review aims to report the current state-of-the-art of extrinsic self-healing dental polymers and provide insights to open new avenues for further developments. General classification of the self-healing polymeric systems focusing on the current extrinsic strategies used to inhibit microcracks propagation in dental polymers and recover their structural integrity and toughness are presented. Search Strategy An electronic search was perfomed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Only studies published in English on extrinsic self-healing polymeric systems were included. Overall Conclusions Self-healing materials are still in their infancy in dentistry, and the future possibilities are almost limitless. Although the mouth is a unique environment and the restorative materials have to survive chemical, physical, and mechanical challenges, which limits the use of some strategies that might compromise their physicochemical performance, there are countless untapped opportunities to overcome the challenges of the current systems and advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Fugolin
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Carmem S Pfeifer
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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10
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Chen J, Wang L, Xu X, Liu G, Liu H, Qiao Y, Chen J, Cao S, Cha Q, Wang T. Self-Healing Materials-Based Electronic Skin: Mechanism, Development and Applications. Gels 2022; 8:356. [PMID: 35735699 PMCID: PMC9222937 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) has brought us great convenience and revolutionized our way of life. However, due to physical or chemical aging and damage, they will inevitably be degraded gradually with practical operation. The emergence of self-healing materials enables e-skins to achieve repairment of cracks and restoration of mechanical function by themselves, meeting the requirements of the era for building durable and self-healing electronic devices. This work reviews the current development of self-healing e-skins with various application scenarios, including motion sensor, human-machine interaction and soft robots. The new application fields and present challenges are discussed; meanwhile, thinkable strategies and prospects of future potential applications are conferenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Xiangou Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Guming Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Haoyan Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Yuxuan Qiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Honors College, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Siwei Cao
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Quanbin Cha
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
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11
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Towards smart self-healing coatings: Advances in micro/nano-encapsulation processes as carriers for anti-corrosion coatings development. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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El Choufi N, Mustapha S, Tehrani B A, Grady BP. An Overview of Self-Healable Polymers and Recent Advances in the Field. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200164. [PMID: 35478422 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The search for materials with better performance, longer service life, lower environmental impact, and lower overall cost is at the forefront of polymer science and material engineering. This has led to the development of self-healing polymers with a range of healing mechanisms including capsular-based, vascular, and intrinsic self-healing polymers. The development of self-healable systems has been inspired by the healing of biological systems such as skin wound healing and broken bone reconstruction. The goal of using self-healing polymers in various applications is to extend the service life of polymers without the need for replacement or human intervention especially in restricted access areas such as underwater/underground piping where inspection, intervention, and maintenance are very difficult. Through an industrial and scholarly lens, this paper provides (a) an overview of self-healing polymers, (b) classification of different self-healing polymers and polymer-based composites, (c) mechanical, thermal, and electrical analysis characterization, (d) applications in coating, composites, and electronics, (e) modeling and simulation, and (f) recent development in the past 20 years . This review highlights the importance of healable polymers for an economically and environmentally sustainable future, the most recent advances in the field, and current limitations in fabrication, manufacturing, and performance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim El Choufi
- Chemical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samir Mustapha
- Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Tehrani B
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Brian P Grady
- School of Chemical, Biological and, Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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13
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Zaborniak I, Chmielarz P, Wolski K, Grześ G, Wang Z, Górska A, Pielichowska K, Matyjaszewski K. Maltotriose-based star polymers as self-healing materials. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Nijem S, Song Y, Schwarz R, Diesendruck CE. Flex-activated CO mechanochemical production for mechanical damage detection. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New flex-activated mechanophore allows for mechanical damage in polymers using a simple household CO detectors, in addition to the formation of an extended and fluorescent π system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Nijem
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ying Song
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, 320003, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Nanning Normal University, 530001, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rony Schwarz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Charles E. Diesendruck
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, 320003, Haifa, Israel
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15
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Fu X, Du W, Dou H, Fan Y, Xu J, Tian L, Zhao J, Ren L. Nanofiber Composite Coating with Self-Healing and Active Anticorrosive Performances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57880-57892. [PMID: 34797646 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synergetic self-healing anticorrosion behaviors, by forming a self-assembly protective layer and repairing coating passive barrier, exhibit great potential in handling the notorious metal corrosion phenomenon. Herein, we developed a nanofiber-supported anticorrosion coating with synergistic protection effects of both self-healing and active corrosion inhibition, via a facile electrospinning combined coating technique. Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber integrated with 2-mecapobenzothiazole-loaded halloysite nanotubes (HNTs-MBT) is directly deposited on the surface of metal substrate, forming an interconnected fiber network framework. The encapsulated corrosion inhibitor MBT can be released by a pH-triggered manner to realize instant corrosion protections. Additionally, coating defects could be repeatedly repaired by continuous polymer fiber upon heat treatment and the anticorrosion efficiency effectively remained, even after three cycles of damage-healing. Moreover, the repaired coating also exhibited durable anticorrosion performance, mainly attributed to the synergetic effects of both thermal-triggered bulk healing and active corrosion inhibition. This type of dual-functional coating provides efficient anticorrosive performances and may show great promise in long-term corrosion protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wenbo Du
- National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Haixu Dou
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yong Fan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jianing Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Limei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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16
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Gai Y, Li H, Li Z. Self-Healing Functional Electronic Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101383. [PMID: 34288411 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Electronic devices with various functions bring great convenience and revolutionize the way we live. They are inevitable to degrade over time because of physical or chemical fatigue and damage during practical operation. To make these devices have the ability to autonomously heal from cracks and restore their mechanical and electrical properties, self-healing materials emerged as the time requires for constructing robust and self-healing electronic devices. Here the development of self-healing electronic devices with different functions, for example, energy harvesting, energy storage, sensing, and transmission, is reviewed. The new application scenarios and existing challenges are explored, and possible strategies and perspectives for future practical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Gai
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hu Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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17
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Kosarli M, Foteinidis G, Tsirka K, Bekas DG, Paipetis AS. Concurrent recovery of mechanical and electrical properties in nanomodified capsule-based self-healing epoxies. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Lian W, Han H, Zhang X, Peng G, Jia Z, Zhang Z. Polyurethane modified epoxy vitrimer and its stress relaxation behavior. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2020-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Anhydride cured epoxy vitrimers usually exhibit desired mechanical strength but poor toughness and slow transesterification rate. Therefore, the repairing property of the material was restricted. In this paper, polyurethane modified epoxy vitrimer (PU-Epv) was prepared. PU was introduced into the vitrimer system of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride cured epoxy to improve the toughness of the material. Meanwhile, because of the presence of amino ester, the transesterification reaction was promoted and the activation energy of the transesterification was only 33.59 kJ/mol. In the thermal welding experiment, the material could be welded at least five times, and scratches on the surface of the samples could be efficiently repaired within 30 min. The toughness of the material was improved without damaging the strength. Meanwhile, the hard thermosetting epoxy was endowed with excellent repairing properties to increase the service life of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Huipeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Guirong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Zhaojing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China
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19
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Rapid synchronized fabrication of vascularized thermosets and composites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2836. [PMID: 33990579 PMCID: PMC8121863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinspired vascular networks transport heat and mass in hydrogels, microfluidic devices, self-healing and self-cooling structures, filters, and flow batteries. Lengthy, multistep fabrication processes involving solvents, external heat, and vacuum hinder large-scale application of vascular networks in structural materials. Here, we report the rapid (seconds to minutes), scalable, and synchronized fabrication of vascular thermosets and fiber-reinforced composites under ambient conditions. The exothermic frontal polymerization (FP) of a liquid or gelled resin facilitates coordinated depolymerization of an embedded sacrificial template to create host structures with high-fidelity interconnected microchannels. The chemical energy released during matrix polymerization eliminates the need for a sustained external heat source and greatly reduces external energy consumption for processing. Programming the rate of depolymerization of the sacrificial thermoplastic to match the kinetics of FP has the potential to significantly expedite the fabrication of vascular structures with extended lifetimes, microreactors, and imaging phantoms for understanding capillary flow in biological systems. Bioinspired vascular networks transport heat and mass in multifunctional materials but lengthy multistep fabrication processes hinder large-scale application of structural vascular materials. Here, the authors report rapid, scalable, and synchronized fabrication of vascular thermosets and fiberreinforced composites under ambient conditions.
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20
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Hu Y, Deng Z, Fan Z, Du Z, Su Y, Tang W, Sun TL, Guo ZH, Yue K. Transparent and mechanically strong hydrogen-bonded polymer complex elastomers with improved self-healability under ambient conditions. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Calvino C. Polymer-Based Mechanochromic Composite Material Using Encapsulated Systems. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000549. [PMID: 33270318 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of mechanochromic or self-reporting polymers that can indicate damage or fatigue of materials with an optical signal has become of paramount interest to ensure the reliability of the materials and prevent catastrophic failure. This technology can potentially find usefulness for various applications, including in situ monitoring of mechanical events and structural health monitoring systems. An emerging and versatile approach to achieve mechanochromic properties relies on the encapsulation of dye solutions that can be released and activated (chemically or physically) when the walls of the capsules are mechanically damaged. While the mechanochromic effect can be achieved with different types of dyes and operating principles, this framework can also be designed with encapsulating-containers of different shapes and shell materials, such as microcapsules, hollow glass fibers, vascular networks, and micelles, making this concept applicable to a broad range of polymer matrices. An overview of the different encapsulation approaches that have been employed to prepare mechanochromic polymers is given, with a focus on the containers used for this purpose. A brief description of the containers' preparation is provided, and their associated chromic operating principles and progress in their designs are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Calvino
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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22
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Jia H, Gu SY. A near infrared induced self-healable composite based on disulfide bonds for flexible electronics. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Al-Qatatsheh A, Morsi Y, Zavabeti A, Zolfagharian A, Salim N, Z. Kouzani A, Mosadegh B, Gharaie S. Blood Pressure Sensors: Materials, Fabrication Methods, Performance Evaluations and Future Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4484. [PMID: 32796604 PMCID: PMC7474433 DOI: 10.3390/s20164484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in materials science and fabrication techniques have contributed to the significant growing attention to a wide variety of sensors for digital healthcare. While the progress in this area is tremendously impressive, few wearable sensors with the capability of real-time blood pressure monitoring are approved for clinical use. One of the key obstacles in the further development of wearable sensors for medical applications is the lack of comprehensive technical evaluation of sensor materials against the expected clinical performance. Here, we present an extensive review and critical analysis of various materials applied in the design and fabrication of wearable sensors. In our unique transdisciplinary approach, we studied the fundamentals of blood pressure and examined its measuring modalities while focusing on their clinical use and sensing principles to identify material functionalities. Then, we carefully reviewed various categories of functional materials utilized in sensor building blocks allowing for comparative analysis of the performance of a wide range of materials throughout the sensor operational-life cycle. Not only this provides essential data to enhance the materials' properties and optimize their performance, but also, it highlights new perspectives and provides suggestions to develop the next generation pressure sensors for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Qatatsheh
- Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology (FSET), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Yosry Morsi
- Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology (FSET), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Ali Zolfagharian
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia; (A.Z.); (A.Z.K.)
| | - Nisa Salim
- Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology (FSET), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Abbas Z. Kouzani
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia; (A.Z.); (A.Z.K.)
| | - Bobak Mosadegh
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Saleh Gharaie
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia; (A.Z.); (A.Z.K.)
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24
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25
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Cao X, Peng J, Fang X, Yang Z, Liao Z, Yan Z, Jiang C, Liu B, Zhang H. Process regulation for encapsulating pure polyamine via integrating microfluidic
T‐junction
and interfacial polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwu Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (SCUT), Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Junjie Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (SCUT), Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Xinglei Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zhitao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zicen Liao
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (SCUT), Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zhibin Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Chuanxia Jiang
- Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering Guangzhou China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - He Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (SCUT), Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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26
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He Z, Niu H, Li Y. UV‐Light Responsive and Self‐Healable Ethylene/Propylene Copolymer Rubbers Based on Reversible [4 + 4] Cycloaddition of Anthracene Derivatives. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongke He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Hui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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27
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Yang Y, Gao L, Xie J, Zhou Y, Hu J, Li Q, He J. Defect-targeted self-healing of multiscale damage in polymers. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:3605-3613. [PMID: 31844869 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09438e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing materials capable of restoring functionality in response to damage are expected to gain prolonged service lifespan. Yet the ability to repair damage of diverse length scales which is demanded for the survival of highly capricious and uncontrolled damage modes has not been demonstrated with current self-healing approaches. Herein the repeatable self-healing of multiscale damage ranging from nanometer to millimeter is achieved in thermoplastic polymers through defect-targeted heating and welding. The key to the ability to deal with multiscale damage is the automatic and targeted transport and assembly of superparamagnetic nanoparticles toward the defect site. This allows the concentrated nanoparticles to deliver a high heating power under an oscillating magnetic field and locally fuse the matrix, whereas the overall dimensional integrity of the material is well preserved. Moreover, as the polymer melt drives progressively into the open volume of the crack, the nanoparticles keep migrating with the edge of the crack until the fractured portions are united. The cracking-healing cycle can be repeated 100 times with a constantly high healing efficiency above 95%. This work sheds light on the new design of self-healing materials where the ability to deal with complex damage modes represents a key merit to prompt real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiaye Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jinliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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28
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Garg M, White SR, Sottos NR. Rapid Degradation of Poly(lactic acid) with Organometallic Catalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46226-46232. [PMID: 31774644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an effective sacrificial material for the creation of vascular networks in thermoset polymers and composites. The high thermal stability of PLA limits its applications as an embedded sacrificial template in high-temperature-resistant thermoset matrices. Here, we demonstrate faster and more efficient PLA degradation at temperatures lower than previously reported using two organometallic catalysts: tin(II) oxalate (Sn(Oxa)) and tin(II) acetate (Sn(Ac)2). We process Sn(Oxa) by two separate methods to obtain a significant difference in the specific surface area (SSA) of the catalyst particles and compare PLA degradation performance in a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument. Changing the SSA of Sn(Oxa) by a factor of ∼20 reduces the PLA degradation onset temperature by 37 °C. The total degradation time of PLA films also decreases after blending with Sn(Oxa) having a higher SSA. We also find Sn(Ac)2 lowers the degradation onset of PLA by 53 °C compared to Sn(Oxa) with a similar SSA. In addition, Sn(Ac)2 decreases the time for complete degradation of PLA films by an order of magnitude compared to Sn(Oxa) at 200 °C. Films with a significantly lower Sn(Ac)2 concentration compared to Sn(Oxa) degrade much faster at lower temperatures up to 160 °C. Finally, PLA films with different loadings of Sn(Ac)2 are embedded in an epoxy thermoset matrix and subsequently vascularized at elevated temperatures in a vacuum oven. Microchannel formation is observed at 170 °C using Sn(Ac)2, reducing the temperature required for vaporization of embedded sacrificial polymer compared to Sn(Oxa) catalyst. Sn(Ac)2 can potentially reduce the energy, time, and amount of catalyst required for degrading PLA into volatile products for sacrificial applications.
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29
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Zhu Y, Cao K, Chen M, Wu L. Synthesis of UV-Responsive Self-Healing Microcapsules and Their Potential Application in Aerospace Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:33314-33322. [PMID: 31411462 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advanced polymer composite coatings in the spacecraft are threatened by harsh space environment factors, such as strong UV radiation, atomic oxygen, thermal cycles, space debris, etc. Their service life can be drastically shortened by the unavoidable formation of cracks caused by these factors (especially strong and abundant UV radiation) during long-term flight. Herein, a UV-responsive microcapsule-based coating is developed for in-orbit damage repairing. UV-responsive microcapsules of which the inner polymeric shell can be degraded rapidly by the outer pure TiO2 shell under UV radiation are produced by UV-initiated polymerization of Pickering emulsions and subsequently embedded into silicon resin matrices. When damaged, some microcapsules will be ruptured under the stimulus of external force, afterward the unbroken ones around the scratched areas will be degraded by UV radiation, as a result, encapsulated healing agents can be released and finally repair cracks. In this system, UV-responsive microcapsules can release more agents more effectively due to the dual release mode, compared with the traditional crack-repairing system. Moreover, the damage of UV radiation in space can be transferred into the favorable ones, which makes it have a potential application in aerospace coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Kangli Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
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30
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Hughes T, Simon GP, Saito K. Light-Healable Epoxy Polymer Networks via Anthracene Dimer Scission of Diamine Crosslinker. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19429-19443. [PMID: 31062582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two anthracene-based diamine crosslinkers were used to cure a range of commercially available monomers to produce four highly photoreversible crosslinked epoxy polymers. Through careful selection of the epoxy monomers used, the properties of the resultant polymer networks were varied to create a coating material that possessed room-temperature light-stimulated healing. Of the four coatings created, the best healing performance was exhibited by the two most flexible systems, both of these also exhibited the thermal and mechanical performance necessary for coatings. By using anthracene, the utilization of a wide range of wavelengths in the healing process is possible, which in applications such as industrial coatings would be of significant benefit.
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31
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Korde JM, Kandasubramanian B. Fundamentals and Effects of Biomimicking Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Engineering Functions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay M. Korde
- Biocomposite Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Biocomposite Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, India
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33
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Photothermal-responsive nanosized hybrid polymersome as versatile therapeutics codelivery nanovehicle for effective tumor suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:7744-7749. [PMID: 30926671 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817251116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective cancer therapies often demand delivery of combinations of drugs to inhibit multidrug resistance through synergism, and the development of multifunctional nanovehicles with enhanced drug loading and delivery efficiency for combination therapy is currently a major challenge in nanotechnology. However, such combinations are more challenging to administer than single drugs and can require multipronged approaches to delivery. In addition to being stable and biodegradable, vehicles for such therapies must be compatible with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, and release drugs at sustained therapeutic levels. Here, we report synthesis of porous silicon nanoparticles conjugated with gold nanorods [composite nanoparticles (cNPs)] and encapsulate them within a hybrid polymersome using double-emulsion templates on a microfluidic chip to create a versatile nanovehicle. This nanovehicle has high loading capacities for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, and improves drug delivery efficiency by accumulating at the tumor after i.v. injection in mice. Importantly, a triple-drug combination suppresses breast tumors by 94% and 87% at total dosages of 5 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively, through synergy. Moreover, the cNPs retain their photothermal properties, which can be used to significantly inhibit multidrug resistance upon near-infrared laser irradiation. Overall, this work shows that our nanovehicle has great potential as a drug codelivery nanoplatform for effective combination therapy that is adaptable to other cancer types and to molecular targets associated with disease progression.
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Hughes T, Simon GP, Saito K. Photocuring of 4-arm coumarin-functionalised monomers to form highly photoreversible crosslinked epoxy coatings. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Highly photoreversible photocurable crosslinked epoxy coatings that can heal substantial surface damage were formed by the synthesis of unique monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Hughes
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - G. P. Simon
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - K. Saito
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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Yang Y, Peng G, Wu S, Hao W. A repairable anhydride-epoxy system with high mechanical properties inspired by vitrimers. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dean LM, Krull BP, Li KR, Fedonina YI, White SR, Sottos NR. Enhanced Mixing of Microvascular Self-Healing Reagents Using Segmented Gas-Liquid Flow. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32659-32667. [PMID: 30209942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular self-healing systems have previously been demonstrated to restore large-scale damage and achieve repeated healing of multiple damage events in polymers. However, the healing performance of these systems is often limited because the laminar nature of flow in microchannels results in poor mixing of two-part self-healing reagents. In this paper, we introduce segmented gas-liquid flow (SGLF) to enhance the mixing of reagents in microvascular self-healing systems. In SGLF, discrete liquid slugs containing self-healing reagents are separated by gas bubbles while flowing through a single microchannel. Recirculating streamlines within the liquid slugs can enhance the mixing of miscible liquids such as healing reagents. We investigate the effect of SGLF on mixing and healing for a two-stage chemistry used to restore large-scale damage in thermoset polymers. Additionally, we employ SGLF to deliver an epoxy-thiol chemistry, enabling the repeated recovery of fracture toughness in glass fiber-reinforced composites. In both systems, the mixing of healing agents delivered by SGLF is enhanced compared to alternative microvascular delivery strategies. For the two-stage chemistry, SGLF increases the maximum damage size that can be healed by 25% compared to laminar single-phase flow. Furthermore, there are concomitant increases in the extent of polymerization and the mechanical properties of the restored material, including a fivefold increase in the peak load sustained during a push-out test. For the epoxy-thiol chemistry, SGLF enables multiple healing cycles with healing efficiency above 100%. On the basis of these results, we envision that SGLF could improve performance for a variety of microvascular self-healing systems with different host materials, damage modes, and healing chemistries.
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Lu Y, Biswas MC, Guo Z, Jeon JW, Wujcik EK. Recent developments in bio-monitoring via advanced polymer nanocomposite-based wearable strain sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 123:167-177. [PMID: 30174272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent years, an explosive growth of wearable technology has been witnessed. A highly stretchable and sensitive wearable strain sensor which can monitor motions is in great demand in various fields such as healthcare, robotic systems, prosthetics, visual realities, professional sports, entertainments, etc. An ideal strain sensor should be highly stretchable, sensitive, and robust enough for long-term use without degradation in performance. This review focuses on recent advances in polymer nanocomposite based wearable strain sensors. With the merits of highly stretchable polymeric matrix and excellent electrical conductivity of nanomaterials, polymer nanocomposite based strain sensors are successfully developed with superior performance. Unlike conventional strain gauge, new sensing mechanisms include disconnection, crack propagation, and tunneling effects leading to drastically resistance change play an important role. A rational choice of materials selection and structure design are required to achieve high sensitivity and stretchability. Lastly, prospects and challenges are discussed for future polymer nanocomposite based wearable strain sensor and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Materials Engineering and Nanosensor [MEAN] Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Manik Chandra Biswas
- Jeon Research Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
| | - Ju-Won Jeon
- Jeon Research Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; Department of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Evan K Wujcik
- Materials Engineering and Nanosensor [MEAN] Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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38
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Zeng M, Wang P, Luo J, Peng B, Ding B, Zhang L, Wang L, Huang D, Echols I, Abo Deeb E, Bordovsky E, Choi CH, Ybanez C, Meras P, Situ E, Mannan MS, Cheng Z. Hierarchical, Self-Healing and Superhydrophobic Zirconium Phosphate Hybrid Membrane Based on the Interfacial Crystal Growth of Lyotropic Two-Dimensional Nanoplatelets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22793-22800. [PMID: 29893541 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a facile route to in situ growth of lyotropic zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanoplates on textiles via an interfacial crystal growing process. The as-prepared hybrid membrane shows a hierarchical architecture of textile fibers (porous platform for fluid transport), ZrP nanoplatelets (layered scaffolds for chemical barriers), and octadecylamine (organic species for superhydrophobic functionalization). Interestingly, such a hybrid membrane is able to separate the oily wastewater with a high separation efficiency of 99.9%, even at in harsh environments. After being chemically etched, the hybrid membrane is able to restore its hydrophobicity autonomously and repeatedly, owing to the hierarchical structure that enables facile loading of healing agent. We anticipate that the concept of implanting superhydrophobic self-healing features in anisotropic structure of lyotropic nanoparticles will open up new opportunities for developing advanced multifunctional materials for wastewater treatment, fuel purification, and oil spill mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pingmei Wang
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development (RIPED), PetroChina , Beijing 100083 , China
- Key Laboratory of Nano Chemistry (KLNC) , CNPC , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jianhui Luo
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development (RIPED), PetroChina , Beijing 100083 , China
- Key Laboratory of Nano Chemistry (KLNC) , CNPC , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Baoliang Peng
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development (RIPED), PetroChina , Beijing 100083 , China
- Key Laboratory of Nano Chemistry (KLNC) , CNPC , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Bin Ding
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development (RIPED), PetroChina , Beijing 100083 , China
- Key Laboratory of Nano Chemistry (KLNC) , CNPC , Beijing 100083 , China
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Birajdar MS, Halake KS, Lee J. Blood-clotting mimetic behavior of biocompatible microgels. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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40
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Rifaie-Graham O, Apebende EA, Bast LK, Bruns N. Self-Reporting Fiber-Reinforced Composites That Mimic the Ability of Biological Materials to Sense and Report Damage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705483. [PMID: 29573286 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sensing of damage, deformation, and mechanical forces is of vital importance in many applications of fiber-reinforced polymer composites, as it allows the structural health and integrity of composite components to be monitored and microdamage to be detected before it leads to catastrophic material failure. Bioinspired and biomimetic approaches to self-sensing and self-reporting materials are reviewed. Examples include bruising coatings and bleeding composites based on dye-filled microcapsules, hollow fibers, and vascular networks. Force-induced changes in color, fluorescence, or luminescence are achieved by mechanochromic epoxy resins, or by mechanophores and force-responsive proteins located at the interface of glass/carbon fibers and polymers. Composites can also feel strain, stress, and damage through embedded optical and electrical sensors, such as fiber Bragg grating sensors, or by resistance measurements of dispersed carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes. Bioinspired composites with the ability to show autonomously if and where they have been damaged lead to a multitude of opportunities for aerospace, automotive, civil engineering, and wind-turbine applications. They range from safety features for the detection of barely visible impact damage, to the real-time monitoring of deformation of load-bearing components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rifaie-Graham
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Edward A Apebende
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Livia K Bast
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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41
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Kuang X, Chen K, Dunn CK, Wu J, Li VCF, Qi HJ. 3D Printing of Highly Stretchable, Shape-Memory, and Self-Healing Elastomer toward Novel 4D Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7381-7388. [PMID: 29400445 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) printing of flexible and stretchable materials with smart functions such as shape memory (SM) and self-healing (SH) is highly desirable for the development of future 4D printing technology for myriad applications, such as soft actuators, deployable smart medical devices, and flexible electronics. Here, we report a novel ink that can be used for the 3D printing of highly stretchable, SM, and SH elastomer via UV-light-assisted direct-ink-write printing. An ink containing urethane diacrylate and a linear semicrystalline polymer is developed for the 3D printing of a semi-interpenetrating polymer network elastomer that can be stretched by up to 600%. The 3D-printed complex structures show interesting functional properties, such as high strain SM and SM -assisted SH capability. We demonstrate that such a 3D-printed SM elastomer has the potential application for biomedical devices, such as vascular repair devices. This research paves a new way for the further development of novel 4D printing, soft robotics, and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Kuang
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kaijuan Chen
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Conner K Dunn
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jiangtao Wu
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Vincent C F Li
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - H Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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42
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Advances in self-healing materials based on vascular networks with mechanical self-repair characteristics. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 252:21-37. [PMID: 29329666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here, we review the state-of-the-art in the field of engineered self-healing materials. These materials mimic the functionalities of various natural materials found in the human body (e.g., the healing of skin and bones by the vascular system). The fabrication methods used to produce these "vascular-system-like" engineered self-healing materials, such as electrospinning (including co-electrospinning and emulsion spinning) and solution blowing (including coaxial solution blowing and emulsion blowing) are discussed in detail. Further, a few other approaches involving the use of hollow fibers are also described. In addition, various currently used healing materials/agents, such as dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs' catalyst, poly(dimethyl siloxane), and bisphenol-A-based epoxy, are described. We also review the characterization methods employed to verify the physical and chemical aspects of self-healing, that is, the methods used to confirm that the healing agent has been released and that it has resulted in healing, as well as the morphological changes induced in the damaged material by the healing agent. These characterization methods include different visualization and spectroscopy techniques and thermal analysis methods. Special attention is paid to the characterization of the mechanical consequences of self-healing. The effects of self-healing on the mechanical properties such as stiffness and adhesion of the damaged material are evaluated using the tensile test, double cantilever beam test, plane strip test, bending test, and adhesion test (e.g., blister test). Finally, the future direction of the development of these systems is discussed.
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43
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Kuang X, Zhao Z, Chen K, Fang D, Kang G, Qi HJ. High‐Speed 3D Printing of High‐Performance Thermosetting Polymers via Two‐Stage Curing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700809. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Kuang
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Renewable Bioproduct Institute Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Zeang Zhao
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Kaijuan Chen
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Mechanics and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 P. R. China
| | - Daining Fang
- College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Guozheng Kang
- Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Mechanics and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 P. R. China
| | - Hang Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Renewable Bioproduct Institute Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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44
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Hughes T, Simon GP, Saito K. Improvement and tuning of the performance of light-healable polymers by variation of the monomer content. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01203b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High-performing crosslinked epoxy coatings that possess room temperature self-healing ability by the use of a newly synthesised dynamic diamine crosslinker.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Hughes
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - G. P. Simon
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - K. Saito
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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45
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Wang F, Diesendruck CE. Polyphthalaldehyde: Synthesis, Derivatives, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Russell-Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Charles E. Diesendruck
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Russell-Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
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46
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Mphahlele K, Ray SS, Kolesnikov A. Self-Healing Polymeric Composite Material Design, Failure Analysis and Future Outlook: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E535. [PMID: 30965836 PMCID: PMC6418712 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of micro-cracks and crack propagation is still an acute problem in polymer and polymer composites. These micro-cracks usually occur while the materials are manufactured or serviced. The development and coalescence of these cracks reduces the lifespan and brings about a catastrophic failure of the materials. Novel scientific research on polymeric self-healing is emphasised in a number of publications, which consist of contributions from many of the prominent researchers in this area. Progress in this field can eventually enable scientist to construct new flexible materials that both monitor the material's integrity and repair the deformed material prior to the occurrence of any fatal failures. This report describes recent trends that have been used in material science and computational methods to mitigate the development of micro-cracks and crack propagation in polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keletso Mphahlele
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Andrei Kolesnikov
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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An S, Kim YI, Lee MW, Yarin AL, Yoon SS. Wetting and Coalescence of Drops of Self-Healing Agents on Electrospun Nanofiber Mats. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10663-10672. [PMID: 28893068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we study experimentally the behavior of liquid healing agents released in vascular core-shell nanofiber mats used in self-healing engineered materials. It is shown that wettability-driven spreading of liquid drops is accompanied by the imbibition into the nanofiber matrix, and its laws deviate from those known for spreading on an intact surface. We also explore coalescence of the released drops on nanofiber mats, in particular, coalescence of drops of resin monomer and cure important for self-healing. The coalescence process is also affected by the imbibition into the pores of an underlying nanofiber mat. A theoretical model is developed to account for the imbibition effect on drop coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongpil An
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7022, United States
| | - Yong Il Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Wook Lee
- Multifunctional Structural Composite Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composites Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Chudong-ro 92, Bondong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander L Yarin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7022, United States
| | - Sam S Yoon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Dahlke J, Bose RK, Zechel S, Garcia SJ, van der Zwaag S, Hager MD, Schubert US. A New Approach Toward Metal-Free Self-Healing Ionomers Based on Phosphate and Methacrylate Containing Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dahlke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Santiago J. Garcia
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
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49
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Wang Y, Adokoh CK, Narain R. Recent development and biomedical applications of self-healing hydrogels. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 15:77-91. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1360865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christian K. Adokoh
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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50
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Lee MW, Yoon SS, Yarin AL. Release of Self-Healing Agents in a Material: What Happens Next? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:17449-17455. [PMID: 28471648 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic chip-like setup consisting of a vascular system of microchannels alternatingly filled with either a resin monomer or a curing agent is used to study the intrinsic physical healing mechanism in self-healing materials. It is observed that, as a prenotched crack propagates across the chip, the resin and curing agent are released from the damaged channels. Subsequently, both the resin and the curing agent wet the surrounding polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix and spread over the crack banks until the two blobs come in contact, mix, and polymerize through an organometallic cross-linking reaction. Moreover, the polymerized domains form a system of pillars, which span the crack banks on the opposite side. This "stitching" phenomenon prevents further propagation of the crack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wook Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 West Taylor Street, Chicago Illinois 60607-7022, United States
| | - Sam S Yoon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander L Yarin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 West Taylor Street, Chicago Illinois 60607-7022, United States
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