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Ayub AR, Akram W, Yaqoob U, Salba, Maqsood N, Rafiq S, Nabat KY, Anwer A, Somaily HH, Alansari A, Iqbal J. Optoelectronic analysis of designed semi-circular shaped thiophene-based bridged Y-series NFAs for organic solar cell applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2025; 324:125022. [PMID: 39186876 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The highly adaptable optoelectronic and morphological properties of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have made them a prominent research topic in the organic solar cell (OSC) field. This work describes the design of new molecules and investigates the potential optoelectronic aspects of remodified Y-series NFAs endowing with five new semi-circular shaped derivatives (BTPB1-BTPB5) based on the DFT-based quantum simulations. The designed molecules possess higher-lying LUMO energy levels with narrowed bandgaps and excellent coherence between the acceptor and core via inserted bridges. The molecules demonstrate a significant red shift and a wide-ranging absorption spectrum extending from 400 nm to 1500 nm, with the most extensive absorption occurring in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Effective π-π stacking and drastically lower binding energy certify facile charge dissociation and transmission rate. Thiophene-based bridge modification decreased reorganization energy by 47 % which results in facile charge transmission and high current density. Theoretically, simulated PCE is achieved as high as 31.49 % owing to the higher-lying LUMOs. The results demonstrate the value of designing systems and exploring new possibilities for developing effective Y-series NFAs-based high-performance organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza Ayub
- Key Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Waqas Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Umer Yaqoob
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Salba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Maqsood
- University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 23002 Anhui, PR China
| | - Sidra Rafiq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Karim Youssef Nabat
- Key Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Arslan Anwer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab 54770, Pakistan
| | - H H Somaily
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim Alansari
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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2
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Liu X, Ji Y, Xia Z, Zhang D, Cheng Y, Liu X, Ren X, Liu X, Huang H, Zhu Y, Yang X, Liao X, Ren L, Tan W, Jiang Z, Lu J, McNeill C, Huang W. In-Doped ZnO Electron Transport Layer for High-Efficiency Ultrathin Flexible Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402158. [PMID: 38923280 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Sol-gel processed zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most widely used electron transport layers (ETLs) in inverted organic solar cells (OSCs). The high annealing temperature (≈200 °C) required for sintering to ensure a high electron mobility however results in severe damage to flexible substrates. Thus, flexible organic solar cells based on sol-gel processed ZnO exhibit significantly lower efficiency than rigid devices. In this paper, an indium-doping approach is developed to improve the optoelectronic properties of ZnO layers and reduce the required annealing temperature. Inverted OSCs based on In-doped ZnO (IZO) exhibit a higher efficiency than those based on ZnO for a range of different active layer systems. For the PM6:L8-BO system, the efficiency increases from 17.0% for the pristine ZnO-based device to 17.8% for the IZO-based device. The IZO-based device with an active layer of PM6:L8-BO:BTP-eC9 exhibits an even higher efficiency of up to 18.1%. In addition, a 1.2-micrometer-thick inverted ultrathin flexible organic solar cell is fabricated based on the IZO ETL that achieves an efficiency of 17.0% with a power-per-weight ratio of 40.4 W g-1, which is one of the highest efficiency for ultrathin (less than 10 micrometers) flexible organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yitong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zezhou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiangda Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Long Ren
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Tan
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Zhi Jiang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Christopher McNeill
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Wenchao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Li B, Kong Y, Li T, Li H, Zhao H, Cheng P, Yuan J. Enhanced Intramolecular Hole Transfer in Block Copolymer Enables >15% and Operational Stable Single-Material-Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2408988. [PMID: 39318082 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202408988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies on narrow bandgap all-conjugated block copolymer (BCP) single-material-organic solar cells (SMOSCs) have made unprecedented progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE); however, it still lacks understanding of the structure-property relationship in these highly mixed materials. Herein, the impact of different synthetic protocols (direct synthesis (d-BCP) versus sequential synthesis (s-BCP)) is first investigated on the relevant photovoltaic properties. Targeting the same BCP, namely PBDB-T-b-PYIT, it is found that the change in polymerization reaction leads to quite different optical and transport properties. The d-BCP outputs a record-high PCE of 15.02% for SMOSCs as well as enhanced operation stability under simulated 1-sun illumination, which is significantly higher than that of s-BCP (10.33%) and even close to its bulk heterojunction (BHJ) counterparts. Detailed transient absorption spectroscopy reveals ultrafast dynamics of charge transfer (CT) and exciton dissociation in BCP. In together with morphology characterization, it is revealed that the d-BCP has more phase pure composition, enhanced molecular ordering, and higher intramolecular CT efficiency relative to those of s-BCP. These findings gain insight into both the structure and carrier dynamic of BCP and demonstrate the possibility of achieving high-efficiency and stable SMOSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Kong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center and Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Zhao
- Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center and Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Pei Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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Duan T, Wang J, Zuo X, Bi X, Zhong C, Li Y, Long Y, Tu K, Zhang W, Yang K, Zhou H, Wan X, Zhao Y, Kan B, Chen Y. The anti-correlation effect of alkyl chain size on the photovoltaic performance of centrally extended non-fullerene acceptors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:4413-4423. [PMID: 38946704 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00699b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Contrary to previous results, a unique anti-correlation effect of the alkyl chain size on the photovoltaic performance of acceptors was observed. For a centrally-extended acceptor, replacing linear alkyl chains (n-undecyl for CH-BBQ) on the thienothiophene unit with branched ones (2-butyloctyl for CH-BO) leads to a plunge in the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (18.12% vs. 11.34% for binary devices), while the largely shortened ones (n-heptyl for CH-HP) bring a surge in performance (18.74%/19.44% for binary/ternary devices). Compared with CH-BO, the more compact intermolecular packing of CH-HP facilitates carrier transport. The characterization of organic field effect transistors and carrier dynamics also echoes the above results. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the encounter of the branched alkyl chains and the extended central core hinders the effective interfacial interaction of polymer donors and acceptors, thus deteriorating the device performance. This work suggests that the conventional strategy for alkyl chain engineering of Y-series acceptors might need to be reconsidered in other molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainan Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Xiaochan Zuo
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-electronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yulu Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yuhong Long
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Kaihuai Tu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Weichao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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5
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Yang L, Wu Y, Murugan P, Liu P, Peng Y, Qiu Z, Li Z, Yu C, Liu S. Impact of Different π-Bridges on the Photovoltaic Performance of A-D-D'-D-A Small Molecule-Based Donors. Molecules 2024; 29:4231. [PMID: 39275079 PMCID: PMC11396980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Three small donor molecule materials (S1, S2, S3) based on dithiophene [2,3-d:2',3'-d']dithiophene [1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (DTBDT) utilized in this study were synthesized using the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, traditional Stille coupling, and Knoevenagel condensation. Then, a variety of characterization methods were applied to study the differences in optical properties and photovoltaic devices among the three. By synthesizing S2 using a thiophene π-bridge based on S1, the blue shift in ultraviolet absorption can be enhanced, the band gap and energy level can be reduced, the open circuit voltage (VOC) can be increased to 0.75 V using the S2:Y6 device, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3% can be achieved. Also, after developing the device using Y6, S3 introduced the alkyl chain of thiophene π-bridge to S2, which improved the solubility of tiny donor molecules, achieved the maximum short-circuit current (JSC = 10.59 mA/cm2), filling factor (FF = 49.72%), and PCE (4.25%). Thus, a viable option for future design and synthesis of small donor molecule materials is to incorporate thiophene π-bridges into these materials, along with alkyl chains, in order to enhance the device's morphology and charge transfer behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Pachaiyappan Murugan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yulong Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhiyong Qiu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zaifang Li
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Changlin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Green Lubricating Materials, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Zahra S, Lee S, Jahankhan M, Haris M, Ryu DH, Kim BJ, Song CE, Lee HK, Lee SK, Shin WS. Inner/Outer Side Chain Engineering of Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Efficient Large-Area Organic Solar Modules Based on Non-Halogenated Solution Processing in Air. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2405716. [PMID: 39013077 PMCID: PMC11425251 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Achieving efficient and large-area organic solar modules via non-halogenated solution processing is vital for the commercialization yet challenging. The primary hurdle is the conservation of the ideal film-formation kinetics and bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) morphology of large-area organic solar cells (OSCs). A cutting-edge non-fullerene acceptor (NFA), Y6, shows efficient power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) when processed with toxic halogenated solvents, but exhibits poor solubility in non-halogenated solvents, resulting in suboptimal morphology. Therefore, in this study, the impact of modifying the inner and outer side-chains of Y6 on OSC performance is investigated. The study reveals that blending a polymer donor, PM6, with one of the modified NFAs, namely N-HD, achieved an impressive PCE of 18.3% on a small-area OSC. This modified NFA displays improved solubility in o-xylene at room temperature, which facilitated the formation of a favorable BHJ morphology. A large-area (55 cm2) sub-module delivered an impressive PCE of 12.2% based on N-HD using o-xylene under ambient conditions. These findings underscore the significant impact of the modified Y6 derivatives on structural arrangements and film processing over a large-area module at room temperature. Consequently, these results are poised to deepen the comprehension of the scaling challenges encountered in OSCs and may contribute to their commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeen Zahra
- Advanced Energy Materials Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Daejeon34114Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)Daejeon34113Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Daejeon34114Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Jahankhan
- Advanced Energy Materials Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Daejeon34114Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)Daejeon34113Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Haris
- Advanced Energy Materials Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Daejeon34114Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)Daejeon34113Republic of Korea
| | - Du Hyeon Ryu
- Advanced Energy Materials Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Daejeon34114Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Research Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Advanced Energy Materials Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Daejeon34114Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)Daejeon34113Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Ken Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Daejeon34114Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)Daejeon34113Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Daejeon34114Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)Daejeon34113Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Advanced Energy Materials Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Daejeon34114Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)Daejeon34113Republic of Korea
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Xu T, Ran G, Luo Z, Chen Z, Lv J, Zhang G, Hu H, Zhang W, Yang C. Achieving 19.5% Efficiency via Modulating Electronic Properties of Peripheral Aryl-Substituted Small-Molecule Acceptors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405476. [PMID: 39148187 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of acceptors plays a pivotal role in determining photovoltaic performance. While previous efforts have focused on optimizing acceptor-donor-acceptor1-donor-acceptor (A-DA1-D-A)-typed acceptors by adjusting side chains, end groups, and conjugated extension of the electron-deficient central A1 unit, the systematic exploration of the impact of peripheral aryl substitutions, particularly with different electron groups, on the A1 unit and its influence on device performance is still lacking. In this study, three novel acceptors - QxTh, QxPh, and QxPy - with distinct substitutions on the quinoxaline (Qx) are designed and synthesized. Density functional theory (DFT) analyses reveal that QxPh, featuring a phenyl-substituted Qx, exhibits the smallest molecular binding energies and a tightest π···π stacking distance. Consequently, the PM6:QxPh device demonstrates a better power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.1% compared to the blends incorporating QxTh (16.4%) and QxPy (15.7%). This enhancement is primarily attributed to suppressed charge recombination, improved charge extraction, and more favorable molecular stacking and morphology. Importantly, introducing QxPh as a guest acceptor into the PM6:BTP-eC9 binary system yields an outstanding PCE of 19.5%, indicating the substantial potential of QxPh in advancing ternary device performance. The work provides deep insights into the expansion of high-performance organic photovoltaic materials through peripheral aryl substitution strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongle Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhanxiang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guangye Zhang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Hanlin Hu
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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8
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Lu H, Li D, Liu W, Ran G, Wu H, Wei N, Tang Z, Liu Y, Zhang W, Bo Z. Designing A-D-A Type Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors with a Bulky 3D Substituent at the Central Donor Core to Minimize Non-Radiative Losses and Enhance Organic Solar Cell Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407007. [PMID: 38806441 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Designing and synthesizing narrow band gap acceptors that exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and strong crystallinity is a highly effective, yet challenging, approach to reducing non-radiative energy losses (▵Enr) and boosting the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). We have successfully designed and synthesized an A-D-A type fused-ring electron acceptor, named DM-F, which features a planar molecular backbone adorned with bulky three-dimensional camphane side groups at its central core. These bulky substituents effectively hinder the formation of H-aggregates of the acceptors, promoting the formation of more J-aggregates and notably elevating the PLQY of the acceptor in the film. As anticipated, DM-F showcases pronounced near-infrared absorption coupled with impressive crystallinity. Organic solar cells (OSCs) leveraging DM-F exhibit a high EQEEL value and remarkably low ▵Enr of 0.14 eV-currently the most minimal reported value for OSCs. Moreover, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of binary and ternary OSCs utilizing DM-F has reached 16.16 % and 20.09 %, respectively, marking a new apex in reported efficiency within the OSCs field. In conclusion, our study reveals that designing narrow band gap acceptors with high PLQY is an effective way to reduce ▵Enr and improve the PCE of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Nan Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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9
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Lei H, Yu F, Chen C, Li Y, Hu D, Chen Y, Tian G, Liu L, Yang K, Xiao Z. Electron Transporting Polymeric Materials with Partial Quaternization for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400479. [PMID: 39122476 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Efficient cathode interfacial layers (CILs) have become a crucial component of organic solar cells (OSCs). Charge extraction barriers, interfacial trap states, and significant transport resistance may be induced due to the unfavorable cathode interlayer, limiting the device performance. In this study, poly(4-vinylpyridine) is used as the CIL for OSCs, and a new type of CIL named P4VP-I is synthesized through the quaternization strategy. Compared to P4VP, P4VP-I CIL exhibits enhanced conductivity and optimized work function. OSCs employing the P4VP-I ETL demonstrate prolonged carrier lifetime, suppressed charge recombination, and achieve higher power conversion efficiencies (PCE) than the commonly used ETLs such as PFN-Br and Phen-NaDPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Lei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengyi Yu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yulu Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dingqin Hu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Gengsui Tian
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
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10
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Xu J, Xiao C, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wang B, McNeill CR, Li W. Utilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Solid Additives for Morphology and Thermal Stability Enhancement in Photoactive Layers of Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405573. [PMID: 39104295 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Volatile solid additives have emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing film morphology and promoting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a series of novel polycyclic aromatic additives with analogous chemical structures, including fluorene (FL), dibenzothiophene (DBT), and dibenzofuran (DBF) derived from crude oils, are presented and incorporated into OSCs. All these additives exhibit strong interactions with the electron-deficient terminal groups of L8-BO within the bulk-heterojunction OSCs. Moreover, they demonstrate significant sublimation during thermal annealing, leading to increase free volumes for the rearrangement and recrystallization of L8-BO. This phenomenon leads to an improved film morphology and an elevated glass-transition temperature of the photoactive layers. Consequently, the PCE of the PM6:L8-BO blend has been boosted from 16.60% to 18.60% with 40 wt% DBF additives, with a champion PCE of 19.11% achieved for ternary PM6:L8-BO:BTP-eC9 OSCs. Furthermore, the prolonged shelf and thermal stability have been observed in OSCs with these additives. This study emphasizes the synergic effect of volatile solid additives on the performance and thermal stability of OSCs, highlighting their potential for advancing the field of photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
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11
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Rijal K, Fuller N, Rudayni F, Zhang N, Zuo X, Berrie CL, Yip HL, Chan WL. Endothermic Charge Separation Occurs Spontaneously in Non-Fullerene Acceptor/Polymer Bulk Heterojunction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400578. [PMID: 38762779 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) based on non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have achieved a power conversion efficiency close to 20%. These NFA OPVs can generate free carriers efficiently despite a very small energy level offset at the donor/acceptor interface. Why these NFAs can enable efficient charge separation (CS) with low energy losses remains an open question. Here, the CS process in the PM6:Y6 bulk heterojunction is probed by time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy. It is found that the CS, the conversion from bound charge transfer (CT) excitons to free carriers, is an endothermic process with an enthalpy barrier of 0.15 eV. The CS can occur spontaneously despite being an endothermic process, which implies that it is driven by entropy. It is further argued that the morphology of the PM6:Y6 film and the anisotropic electron delocalization restrict the electron and hole wavefunctions within the CT exciton such that they can primarily contact each other through point-like junctions. This configuration can maximize the entropic driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Rijal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Neno Fuller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Fatimah Rudayni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
- Department of Physics, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Cindy L Berrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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12
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Zou B, Ng HM, Yu H, Ding P, Yao J, Chen D, Pun SH, Hu H, Ding K, Ma R, Qammar M, Liu W, Wu W, Lai JYL, Zhao C, Pan M, Guo L, Halpert JE, Ade H, Li G, Yan H. Precisely Controlling Polymer Acceptors with Weak Intramolecular Charge Transfer Effect and Superior Coplanarity for Efficient Indoor All-Polymer Solar Cells with over 27% Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405404. [PMID: 38804577 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) are garnering increasing attention from both the academic and industrial communities due to the pressing demand of the ecosystem of Internet-of-Things. All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), emerging as a sub-type of organic photovoltaics, with the merits of great film-forming properties, remarkable morphological and light stability, hold great promise to simultaneously achieve high efficiency and long-term operation in IPV's application. However, the dearth of polymer acceptors with medium-bandgap has impeded the rapid development of indoor all-PSCs. Herein, a highly efficient medium-bandgap polymer acceptor (PYFO-V) is reported through the synergistic effects of side chain engineering and linkage modulation and applied for indoor all-PSCs operation. As a result, the PM6:PYFO-V-based indoor all-PSC yields the highest efficiency of 27.1% under LED light condition, marking the highest value for reported binary indoor all-PSCs to date. More importantly, the blade-coated devices using non-halogenated solvent (o-xylene) maintain an efficiency of over 23%, demonstrating the potential for industry-scale fabrication. This work not only highlights the importance of fine-tuning intramolecular charge transfer effect and intrachain coplanarity in developing high-performance medium-bandgap polymer acceptors but also provides a highly efficient strategy for indoor all-PSC application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosen Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Ming Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Carbon Neutrality, Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, 529199, China
| | - Pengbo Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Dezhang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Huawei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Memoona Qammar
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Joshua Yuk Lin Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chaoyue Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Mingao Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jonathan E Halpert
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Carbon Neutrality, Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, 529199, China
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13
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Ren J, Zhang S, Chen Z, Zhang T, Qiao J, Wang J, Ma L, Xiao Y, Li Z, Wang J, Hao X, Hou J. Optimizing Molecular Packing via Steric Hindrance for Reducing Non-Radiative Recombination in Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406153. [PMID: 38730419 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Innovative molecule design strategy holds promise for the development of next-generation acceptor materials for efficient organic solar cells with low non-radiative energy loss (ΔEnr). In this study, we designed and prepared three novel acceptors, namely BTP-Biso, BTP-Bme and BTP-B, with sterically structured triisopropylbenzene, trimethylbenzene and benzene as side chains inserted into the shoulder of the central core. The progressively enlarged steric hindrance from BTP-B to BTP-Bme and BTP-Biso induces suppressed intramolecular rotation and altered the molecule packing mode in their aggregation states, leading to significant changes in absorption spectra and energy levels. By regulating the intermolecular π-π interactions, BTP-Bme possesses relatively reduced non-radiative recombination rate and extended exciton diffusion lengths. The binary device based on PB2 : BTP-Bme exhibits an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.5 % with a low ΔEnr of 0.19 eV. Furthermore, the ternary device comprising PB2 : PBDB-TF : BTP-Bme achieves an outstanding PCE of 19.3 %. The molecule design strategy in this study proposed new perspectives for developing high-performance acceptors with low ΔEnr in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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14
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Liu S, Xue Z, Liang Z, Zhao B, Wang W, Cong Z, Wu H, Lu G, Zheng J, Gao C. High-Performance PM6:Y6-Based Ternary Solar Cells with Enhanced Open Circuit Voltage and Balanced Mobilities via Doping a Wide-Band-Gap Amorphous Acceptor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36705-36714. [PMID: 38958143 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in organic solar cells (OSCs) in recent years, especially after the report of the highly efficient small-molecule electron acceptor Y6. However, the relatively low open circuit voltage (VOC) and unbalanced charge mobilities remain two issues that need to be resolved for further improvement in the performance of OSCs. Herein, a wide-band-gap amorphous acceptor IO-4Cl, which possessed a shallower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level than Y6, was introduced into the PM6:Y6 binary system to construct a ternary device. The mechanism study revealed that the introduced IO-4Cl was alloyed with Y6 to prevent the overaggregation of Y6 and offer dual channels for effective hole transportation, resulting in balanced hole and electron mobilities. Taking these advantages, an enhanced VOC of 0.894 V and an improved fill factor of 75.58% were achieved in the optimized PM6:Y6:IO-4Cl-based ternary device, yielding a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.49%, which surpassed the 16.72% efficiency of the PM6:Y6 binary device. This work provides an alternative solution to balance the charge mobilities of PM6:Y6-based devices by incorporating an amorphous high-performance LUMO A-D-A small molecule as the third compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Xue
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Jianbang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
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15
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Song X, Mei L, Zhou X, Li H, Xu H, Liu X, Gao S, Xu S, Yang Y, Zhu W, Wang J, Zhang XH, Chen XK. Frenkel and Charge-Transfer Excitonic Couplings Strengthened by Thiophene-Type Solvent Enables Binary Organic Solar Cells with 19.8 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202411512. [PMID: 38988004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202411512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Overcoming the trade-off between short-circuited current (Jsc) and open-circuited voltage (Voc) is important to achieving high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). Previous works modulated the energy gap between Frenkel local exciton (LE) and charge-transfer (CT) exciton, which served as the driving force of exciton splitting. Differently, our current work focuses on the modulation of LE-CT excitonic coupling (tLE-CT) via a simple but effective strategy that the 2-chlorothiophene (2Cl-Th) solvent utilizes in the treatment of OSC active-layer films. The results of our experimental measurements and theoretical simulations demonstrated that 2Cl-Th solvent initiates tighter intermolecular interactions with non-fullerene acceptor in comparison with that of traditional chlorobenzene solvent, thus suppressing the acceptor's over-aggregation and retarding the acceptor crystallization with reduced trap. Critically, the resulting shorter distances between donor and acceptor molecules in the 2Cl-Th treated blend efficiently strengthen tLE-CT, which not only promotes exciton splitting but also reduces non-radiative recombination. The champion efficiencies of 19.8 % (small-area) with superior operational reliability (T80: 586 hours) and 17.0 % (large-area) were yielded in 2Cl-Th treated cells. This work provided a new insight into modulating the exciton dynamics to overcome the trade-off between Jsc and Voc, which can productively promote the development of the OSC field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Le Mei
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P.R. China
| | - Xinjie Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P.R. China
| | - Xingting Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P.R. China
| | - Shenzheng Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P.R. China
| | - Shanlei Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P.R. China
| | - Jianpu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Kai Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
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16
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Shen Q, He C, Li S, Qiao J, Li S, Zhang Y, Shi M, Zuo L, Hao X, Chen H. Loosely Bounded Exciton with Enhanced Delocalization Capability Boosting Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403570. [PMID: 38966891 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In organic solar cells (OSCs), electron acceptors have undergone multiple updates, from the initial fullerene derivatives, to the later acceptor-donor-acceptor type non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), and now to Y-series NFAs, based on which efficiencies have reached over 19%. However, the key property responsible for further improved efficiency from molecular structure design is remained unclear. Herein, the material properties are comprehensively scanned by selecting PC71BM, IT-4F, and L8-BO as the representatives for different development stages of acceptors. For comparison, asymmetric acceptor of BTP-H5 with desired loosely bounded excitons is designed and synthesized. It's identified that the reduction of intrinsically exciton binding energy (Eb) and the enhancement of exciton delocalization capability act as the key roles in boosting the performance. Notably, 100 meV reduction in Eb has been observed from PC71BM to BTP-H5, correspondingly, electron-hole pair distance of BTP-H5 is almost two times over PC71BM. As a result, efficiency is improved from 40% of S-Q limit for PC71BM-based OSC to 60% for BTP-H5-based one, which achieves an efficiency of 19.07%, among the highest values for binary OSCs. This work reveals the confirmed function of exciton delocalization capability quantitatively in pushing the efficiency of OSCs, thus providing an enlightenment for future molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shuixing Li
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, P. R. China
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17
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Hu D, Tang H, Chen C, Huang P, Shen Z, Li H, Liu H, Petoukhoff CE, Jurado JP, Luo Y, Xia H, Fong PWK, Fu J, Zhao L, Yan C, Chen Y, Cheng P, Lu X, Li G, Laquai F, Xiao Z. Insights Into Preaggregation Control of Y-Series Nonfullerene Acceptors in Liquid State for Highly Efficient Binary Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402833. [PMID: 38837820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Leveraging breakthroughs in Y-series nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved impressive power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 19%. However, progress in advancing OSCs has decelerated due to constraints in realizing the full potential of the Y-series NFAs. Herein, a simple yet effective solid additive-induced preaggregation control method employing 2-chloro-5-iodopyridine (PDCI) is reported to unlock the full potential of the Y-series NFAs. Specifically, PDCI interacts predominantly with Y-series NFAs enabling enhanced and ordered phase-aggregation in solution. This method leads to a notable improvement and a redshifted absorption of the acceptor phase during film formation, along with improved crystallinity. Moreover, the PDCI-induced preaggregation of NFAs in the solution enables ordered molecule packing during the film-formation process through delicate intermediate states transition. Consequently, the PDCI-induced preaggregated significantly improves the PCE of PM6:Y6 OSCs from 16.12% to 18.12%, among the best values reported for PM6:Y6 OSCs. Importantly, this approach is universally applicable to other Y-series NFA-based OSCs, achieving a champion PCE of 19.02% for the PM6:BTP-eC9 system. Thus, the preaggregation control strategy further unlocks the potential of Y-series NFAs, offering a promising avenue for enhancing the photovoltaic performance of Y-series NFA-based OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingqin Hu
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Hua Tang
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Peihao Huang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Zhibang Shen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Christopher E Petoukhoff
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - José Piers Jurado
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ying Luo
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Patrick W K Fong
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jiehao Fu
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- KAUST Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cenqi Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Pei Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
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18
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Qiu D, Xiong S, Lai H, Wang Y, Li H, Lai X, Zhu Y, He F. Trifluoromethylation Enables Compact 2D Linear Stacking and Improves the Efficiency and Stability of Q-PHJ Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403821. [PMID: 38949043 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Compared to the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices, the quasiplanar heterojunction (Q-PHJ) exhibits a more stable morphology and superior charge transfer performance. To achieve both high efficiency and long-term stability, it is necessary to design new materials for Q-PHJ devices. In this study, QxIC-CF3 and QxIC-CH3 are designed and synthesized for the first time. The trifluoromethylation of the central core exerts a modulatory effect on the molecular stacking pattern, leveraging the strong electrostatic potential and intermolecular interactions. Compared with QxIC-CH3, the single crystal structure reveals that QxIC-CF3 exhibits a more compact 2D linear stacking behavior. These benefits, combined with the separated electron and hole transport channels in Q-PHJ device, lead to increased charge mobility and reduced energy loss. The devices based on D18/QxIC-CF3 exhibit an efficiency of 18.1%, which is the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) for Q-PHJ to date. Additionally, the thermodynamic stability of the active layer morphology enhances the lifespan of the aforementioned devices under illumination conditions. Specifically, the T80 is 420 h, which is nearly twice that of the renowned Y6-based BHJ device (T80 = 220 h). By combining the advantages of the trifluoromethylation and Q-PHJ device, efficient and stable organic solar cell devices can be constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Qiu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shilong Xiong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Heng Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xue Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yiwu Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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19
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Khalid M, Fatima N, Arshad M, Adeel M, Braga AAC, Ahamad T. Unveiling the influence of end-capped acceptors modification on photovoltaic properties of non-fullerene fused ring compounds: a DFT/TD-DFT study. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20441-20453. [PMID: 38946775 PMCID: PMC11208900 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, unique A-D-A configuration-based molecules (NBD1-NBD7) were designed from the reference compound (NBR) by utilizing the end-capped acceptor modification approach. Various electron-withdrawing units -F, -Cl, -CN, -NO2, -CF3, -HSO3, and -COOCH3, were incorporated into terminals of reference compound to designed NBD1-NBD7, respectively. A theoretical investigation employing the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) was performed at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. To reveal diverse opto-electronic and photovoltaic properties, the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), absorption maxima (λ max), density of states (DOS), exciton binding energy (E b), open-circuit voltage (V oc) and transition density matrix (TDM) analyses were executed at the same functional. Moreover, the global reactivity parameters (GRPs) were calculated using the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps from the FMOs. Significant results were obtained for the designed molecules (NBD1-NBD7) as compared to NBR. They showed lesser energy band gaps (2.024-2.157 eV) as compared to the NBR reference (2.147 eV). The tailored molecules also demonstrated bathochromic shifts in the chloroform (671.087-717.164 nm) and gas phases (623.251-653.404 nm) as compared to NBR compound (674.189 and 626.178 nm, respectively). From the photovoltaic perspectives, they showed promising results (2.024-2.157 V). Furthermore, the existence of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in the designed compounds was depicted via their DOS and TDM graphical plots. Among all the investigated molecules, NBD4 was disclosed as the excellent candidate for solar cell applications owing to its favorable properties such as the least band gap (2.024 eV), red-shifted λ max in the chloroform (717.164 nm) and gas (653.404 nm) phases as well as the minimal E b (0.126 eV). This is due to the presence of highly electronegative -NO2 unit at the terminal of electron withdrawing acceptor moiety, which leads to increased conjugation and enhanced the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) rate. The obtained insights suggested that the designed molecules could be considered as promising materials for potential applications in the realm of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Noor Fatima
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Industry Solutions, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University D. I. Khan Pakistan
| | - Ataualpa A C Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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20
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Zbiri M, Guilbert AAY. Dynamics of Polyalkylfluorene Conjugated Polymers: Insights from Neutron Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6197-6206. [PMID: 38885432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The dynamics of the conjugated polymers poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PF8) and poly(9,9-didodecylfluorene) (PF12), differing by the length of their side chains, is investigated in the amorphous phase using the temperature-dependent quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) technique. The neutron spectroscopy measurements are synergistically underpinned by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The probe is focused on the picosecond time scale, where the structural dynamics of both PF8 and PF12 would mainly be dominated by the motions of their side chains. The measurements highlighted temperature-induced dynamics, reflected in the broadening of the QENS spectra upon heating. The MD simulations reproduced well the observations; hence, the neutron measurements validate the MD force fields, the adopted amorphous model structures, and the numerical procedure. As the QENS spectra are dominated by the signal from the hydrogens on the backbones and side chains of PF8 and PF12, extensive analysis of the MD simulations allowed the following: (i) tagging these hydrogens, (ii) estimating their contributions to the self-part of the van Hove functions and hence to the QENS spectra, and (iii) determining the activation energies of the different motions involving the tagged hydrogens. PF12 is found to exhibit QENS spectra broader than those of PF8, indicating a more pronounced motion of the didodecyl chains of PF12 as compared to dioctyl chains of PF8. This is in agreement with the outcome of our MD analysis: (i) confirming a lower glass transition temperature of PF12 compared to PF8, (ii) showing PF12 having a lower density than PF8, and (iii) highlighting lower activation energies of the motions of PF12 in comparison with PF8. This study helped to gain insights into the temperature-induced side-chain dynamics of the PF8 and PF12 conjugated polymers, influencing their stability, which could potentially impact, on the practical side, the performance of the associated optoelectronic active layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zbiri
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex 9 38042, France
| | - Anne A Y Guilbert
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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21
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Xie Q, Deng X, Zhao C, Fang J, Xia D, Zhang Y, Ding F, Wang J, Li M, Zhang Z, Xiao C, Liao X, Jiang L, Huang B, Dai R, Li W. Ethylenedioxythiophene-Based Small Molecular Donor with Multiple Conformation Locks for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19.3 . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403015. [PMID: 38623043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Ternary organic solar cells (T-OSCs) represent an efficient strategy for enhancing the performance of OSCs. Presently, the majority of high-performance T-OSCs incorporates well-established Y-acceptors or donor polymers as the third component. In this study, a novel class of conjugated small molecules has been introduced as the third component, demonstrating exceptional photovoltaic performance in T-OSCs. This innovative molecule comprises ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) bridge and 3-ethylrhodanine as the end group, with the EDOT unit facilitating the creation of multiple conformation locks. Consequently, the EDOT-based molecule exhibits two-dimensional charge transport, distinguishing it from the thiophene-bridged small molecule, which displays fewer conformation locks and provides one-dimensional charge transport. Furthermore, the robust electron-donating nature of EDOT imparts the small molecule with cascade energy levels relative to the electron donor and acceptor. As a result, OSCs incorporating the EDOT-based small molecule as the third component demonstrate enhanced mobilities, yielding a remarkable efficiency of 19.3 %, surpassing the efficiency of 18.7 % observed for OSCs incorporating thiophene-based small molecule as the third component. The investigations in this study underscore the excellence of EDOT as a building block for constructing conjugated materials with multiple conformation locks and high charge carrier mobilities, thereby contributing to elevated photovoltaic performance in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Xiangmeng Deng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Jie Fang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Runying Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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22
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Sanad S, Ghanim AM, Gad N, El-Aasser M, Yahia A, Swillam MA. Broadband PM6Y6 coreshell hybrid composites for photocurrent improvement and light trapping. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13578. [PMID: 38866859 PMCID: PMC11169357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Our research focuses on enhancing the broadband absorption capability of organic solar cells (OSCs) by integrating plasmonic nanostructures made of Titanium nitride (TiN). Traditional OSCs face limitations in absorption efficiency due to their thickness, but incorporating plasmonic nanostructures can extend the path length of light within the active material, thereby improving optical efficiency. In our study, we explore the use of refractory plasmonics, a novel type of nanostructure, with TiN as an example of a refractory metal. TiN offers high-quality localized surface plasmon resonance in the visible spectrum and is cost-effective, readily available, and compatible with CMOS technology. We conducted detailed numerical simulations to optimize the design of nanostructured OSCs, considering various shapes and sizes of nanoparticles within the active layer (PM6Y6). Our investigation focused on different TiN plasmonic nanostructures such as nanospheres, nanocubes, and nanocylinders, analyzing their absorption spectra in a polymer environment. We assessed the impact of their incorporation on the absorbed power and short-circuit current (Jsc) of the organic solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sanad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - AbdelRahman M Ghanim
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Nasr Gad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - M El-Aasser
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Yahia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Swillam
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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23
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Xie M, Wei Z, Lu K. Quinoxaline-based Y-type acceptors for organic solar cells. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8265-8279. [PMID: 38846384 PMCID: PMC11151842 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01481b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Minimizing energy loss plays a critical role in the quest for high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the origin of large energy loss in OCSs is complicated, involving the strong exciton binding energy of organic semiconductors, nonradiative charge-transfer state decay, defective molecular stacking network, and so on. The recently developed quinoxaline (Qx)-based acceptors have attracted extensive interest due to their low reorganization energy, high structural modification possibilities, and distinctive molecular packing modes, which contribute to reduced energy loss and superior charge generation/transport, thus improving the photovoltaic performance of OSCs. This perspective summarizes the design strategies of Qx-based acceptors (including small-molecule, giant dimeric and polymeric acceptors) and the resulting optoelectronic properties and device performance. In addition, the ternary strategy of introducing Qx-based acceptors as the third component to reduce energy loss is briefly discussed. Finally, some perspectives for the further exploration of Qx-based acceptors toward efficient, stable, and industry-compatible OSCs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Pan Q, Gu ZX, Zhou RJ, Feng ZJ, Xiong YA, Sha TT, You YM, Xiong RG. The past 10 years of molecular ferroelectrics: structures, design, and properties. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5781-5861. [PMID: 38690681 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00262d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ferroelectricity, which has diverse important applications such as memory elements, capacitors, and sensors, was first discovered in a molecular compound, Rochelle salt, in 1920 by Valasek. Owing to their superiorities of lightweight, biocompatibility, structural tunability, mechanical flexibility, etc., the past decade has witnessed the renaissance of molecular ferroelectrics as promising complementary materials to commercial inorganic ferroelectrics. Thus, on the 100th anniversary of ferroelectricity, it is an opportune time to look into the future, specifically into how to push the boundaries of material design in molecular ferroelectric systems and finally overcome the hurdles to their commercialization. Herein, we present a comprehensive and accessible review of the appealing development of molecular ferroelectrics over the past 10 years, with an emphasis on their structural diversity, chemical design, exceptional properties, and potential applications. We believe that it will inspire intense, combined research efforts to enrich the family of high-performance molecular ferroelectrics and attract widespread interest from physicists and chemists to better understand the structure-function relationships governing improved applied functional device engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Zhu-Xiao Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China.
| | - Ru-Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Jie Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-An Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Tai-Ting Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Meng You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
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Xu R, Jiang Y, Liu F, Ran G, Liu K, Zhang W, Zhu X. High Open-Circuit Voltage Organic Solar Cells with 19.2% Efficiency Enabled by Synergistic Side-Chain Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312101. [PMID: 38544433 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Restricted by the energy-gap law, state-of-the-art organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibit relatively low open-circuit voltage (VOC) because of large nonradiative energy losses (ΔEnonrad). Moreover, the trade-off between VOC and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of OSCs is more distinctive; the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs are still <15% with VOCs of >1.0 V. Herein, the electronic properties and aggregation behaviors of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are carefully considered and then a new NFA (Z19) is delicately designed by simultaneously introducing alkoxy and phenyl-substituted alkyl chains to the conjugated backbone. Z19 exhibits a hypochromatic-shifted absorption spectrum, high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level and ordered 2D packing mode. The D18:Z19-based blend film exhibits favorable phase separation with face-on dominated molecular orientation, facilitating charge transport properties. Consequently, D18:Z19 binary devices afford an exciting PCE of 19.2% with a high VOC of 1.002 V, surpassing Y6-2O-based devices. The former is the highest PCE reported to date for OSCs with VOCs of >1.0 V. Moreover, the ΔEnonrad of Z19- (0.200 eV) and Y6-2O-based (0.155 eV) devices are lower than that of Y6-based (0.239 eV) devices. Indications are that the design of such NFA, considering the energy-gap law, could promote a new breakthrough in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Kerui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Guan S, Li Y, Xu C, Yin N, Xu C, Wang C, Wang M, Xu Y, Chen Q, Wang D, Zuo L, Chen H. Self-Assembled Interlayer Enables High-Performance Organic Photovoltaics with Power Conversion Efficiency Exceeding 20. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400342. [PMID: 38511521 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Interfacial layers (ILs) are prerequisites to form the selective charge transport for high-performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs) but mostly result in considerable parasitic absorption loss. Trimming the ILs down to a mono-molecular level via the self-assembled monolayer is an effective strategy to mitigate parasitic absorption loss. However, such a strategy suffers from inferior electrical contact with low surface coverage on rough surfaces and poor producibility. To address these issues, here, the self-assembled interlayer (SAI) strategy is developed, which involves a thin layer of 2-6 nm to form a full coverage on the substrate via both covalent and van der Waals bonds by using a self-assembled molecule of 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) (2PACz). Via the facile spin coating without further rinsing and annealing process, it not only optimizes the electrical and optical properties of OPVs, which enables a world-record efficiency of 20.17% (19.79% certified) but also simplifies the tedious processing procedure. Moreover, the SAI strategy is especially useful in improving the absorbing selectivity for semi-transparent OPVs, which enables a record light utilization efficiency of 5.34%. This work provides an effective strategy of SAI to optimize the optical and electrical properties of OPVs for high-performance and solar window applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yaokai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Semiconductor Research, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310022, P. R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ni Yin
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chenran Xu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Congxu Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Semiconductor Research, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310022, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Semiconductor Research, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310022, P. R. China
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Han M, Zhou R, Chen G, Li Q, Li P, Sun C, Zhang Y, Song Y. Unveiling the Potential of Two-Terminal Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells: Mechanisms, Status, and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402143. [PMID: 38609159 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (PO-TSCs) demonstrate exceptional suitability for emerging applications such as building-integrated photovoltaics, wearable devices, and greenhouse farming. By leveraging the distinctive attributes of perovskite and organic materials, which encompass expanded solar spectrum utilization, chemically benign solubility, and soft nature, PO-TSCs position themselves as ideal candidates for high-performance semi-transparent photovoltaics (ST-PVs). Despite these advantages, their development significantly lags behind other perovskite-based counterparts, such as perovskite/perovskite, perovskite/silicon, and perovskite/Cu(In, Ga)Se2. To address existing challenges and unlock the full potential of PO-TSCs, an exploration of the fundamental mechanisms governing tandem photovoltaic devices is embarked. Delving into critical aspects such as charge generation/separation, energy level alignment, and material choices becomes pivotal for optimizing PO-TSC performance. The investigation of monolithic two-terminal PO-TSCs offers insights into achievements and barriers, recognizing the competitive landscape with other TSC counterparts. Further scrutiny of perovskite absorbers and organic absorbers in TSCs reveals strategies aimed at enhancing stability and efficiency. The discussion extends to interconnection layers, elucidating their role in optimizing light transmission and balancing carrier recombination. In conclusion, a compelling outlook on the dynamic landscape of PO-TSCs is presented, highlighting the remarkable efficiency progression and signaling their potential to revolutionize solar energy harvesting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Han
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ruimin Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ge Chen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Qin Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Pengwei Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chenkai Sun
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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28
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Bi X, Li S, He T, Chen H, Li Y, Jia X, Cao X, Guo Y, Yang Y, Ma W, Yao Z, Kan B, Li C, Wan X, Chen Y. Balancing Flexible Side Chains on 2D Conjugated Acceptors Enables High-Performance Organic Solar Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311561. [PMID: 38546001 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Balancing the rigid backbones and flexible side chains of light-harvesting materials is crucially important to reach optimized intermolecular packing, micromorphology, and thus photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, based on a distinctive CH-series acceptor platform with 2D conjugation extended backbones, a series of nonfullerene acceptors (CH-6F-Cn) are synthesized by delicately tuning the lengths of flexible side chains from n-octyl to n-amyl. A systemic investigation has revealed that the variation of the side chain's length can not only modulate intermolecular packing modes and crystallinity but also dramatically improve the micromorphology of the active layer and eventual photovoltaic parameters of OSCs. Consequently, the highest PCE of 18.73% can be achieved by OSCs employing D18:PM6:CH-6F-C8 as light-harvesting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shitong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinyuan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bin Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Hung CM, Wang SF, Chao WC, Li JL, Chen BH, Lu CH, Tu KY, Yang SD, Hung WY, Chi Y, Chou PT. High-performance near-infrared OLEDs maximized at 925 nm and 1022 nm through interfacial energy transfer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4664. [PMID: 38821968 PMCID: PMC11143248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Using a transfer printing technique, we imprint a layer of a designated near-infrared fluorescent dye BTP-eC9 onto a thin layer of Pt(II) complex, both of which are capable of self-assembly. Before integration, the Pt(II) complex layer gives intense deep-red phosphorescence maximized at ~740 nm, while the BTP-eC9 layer shows fluorescence at > 900 nm. Organic light emitting diodes fabricated under the imprinted bilayer architecture harvest most of Pt(II) complex phosphorescence, which undergoes triplet-to-singlet energy transfer to the BTP-eC9 dye, resulting in high-intensity hyperfluorescence at > 900 nm. As a result, devices achieve 925 nm emission with external quantum efficiencies of 2.24% (1.94 ± 0.18%) and maximum radiance of 39.97 W sr-1 m-2. Comprehensive morphology, spectroscopy and device analyses support the mechanism of interfacial energy transfer, which also is proved successful for BTPV-eC9 dye (1022 nm), making bright and far-reaching the prospective of hyperfluorescent OLEDs in the near-infrared region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ming Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yen Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Hung
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Karuppusamy M, Panneer SVK, Varathan E, Ravva MK, Easwaramoorthi S, Subramanian V. Design of Isoindigo-Based Small-Molecule Donors for Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cell Applications in Combination with Nonfullerene Acceptors. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4206-4224. [PMID: 38752229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The development of small-molecule organic solar cells with the required efficiency depends on the information obtained from molecular-level studies. In this context, 39 small-molecule donors featuring isoindigo as an acceptor moiety have been meticulously crafted for potential applications in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. These molecules follow the D2-A-D1-A-D2 and D2-A-π-D1-π-A-D2 framework. Similar molecules considered in the previous experimental study (molecules R1 ((3E,3″E)-6,6″-(benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(1,1'-dimethyl-[3,3'-biindolinylidene]-2,2'-dione)) and R2 ((3E,3″E)-6,6″-(4,8-dimethoxybenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(1,1'-dimethyl-[3,3'-biindolinylidene]-2,2'-dione))) have been chosen as reference molecules. Molecules with and without π-spacers have been considered to understand the impact of the length of the π-spacer on intramolecular charge-transfer transitions and absorption properties. A detailed investigation is carried out to establish the relationship between the structure and photovoltaic parameters using density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory methods. The newly developed molecules exhibit better electronic, excited-state, and charge transport properties than the reference molecules. Additionally, model donor-acceptor interfaces are constructed by integrating the designed donor molecules with fullerene/nonfullerene acceptors. The electronic and excited-state properties of these interfaces are rigorously evaluated. Results elucidate that the donor comprising of isoindigo-bithiophene-pyrroloindacenodithiophene (IIG-T2-PIDT) emerges as a promising candidate for bulk heterojunction solar cells based on nonfullerene acceptors. This research provides systematic design strategies for the development of small-molecule donors for organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masiyappan Karuppusamy
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam Vinod Kumar Panneer
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elumalai Varathan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Ravva
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522 240, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shanmugam Easwaramoorthi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Lab, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesan Subramanian
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Lab, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
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Cao J, Xu Z. Providing a Photovoltaic Performance Enhancement Relationship from Binary to Ternary Polymer Solar Cells via Machine Learning. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1496. [PMID: 38891443 PMCID: PMC11174796 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ternary polymer solar cells (PSCs) are currently the simplest and most efficient way to further improve the device performance in PSCs. To find high-performance organic photovoltaic materials, the established connection between the material structure and device performance before fabrication is of great significance. Herein, firstly, a database of the photovoltaic performance in 874 experimental PSCs reported in the literature is established, and three different fingerprint expressions of a molecular structure are explored as input features; the results show that long fingerprints of 2D atom pairs can contain more effective information and improve the accuracy of the models. Through supervised learning, five machine learning (ML) models were trained to build a mapping of the photovoltaic performance improvement relationship from binary to ternary PSCs. The GBDT model had the best predictive ability and generalization. Eighteen key structural features from a non-fullerene acceptor and the third components that affect the device's PCE were screened based on this model, including a nitrile group with lone-pair electron, a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, etc. Interestingly, the structural features for the enhanced device's PCE were essentially increased by the Jsc or FF. More importantly, the reliability of the ML model was further verified by preparing the highly efficient PSCs. Taking the PM6:BTP-eC9:PY-IT ternary PSC as an example, the PCE prediction (18.03%) by the model was in good agreement with the experimental results (17.78%), the relative prediction error was 1.41%, and the relative error between all experimental results and predicted results was less than 5%. These results indicate that ML is a useful tool for exploring the photovoltaic performance improvement of PSCs and accelerating the design and application with highly efficient non-fullerene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China;
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China;
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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Yang LJ, Wu Y, Murugan P, Liu P, Qiu ZY, Peng YL, Li ZF, Liu SY. Advancing Integration of Direct C-H Arylation-Derived Star-Shaped Oligomers as Second Acceptors for Ternary Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26348-26359. [PMID: 38728664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) could benefit from the ternary bulk heterojunction (BHJ), a method that allows for fine-tuning of light capture, cascade energy levels, and film shape, in order to increase their power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this work, the third components of PM6:Y6 and PM6:BTP-eC9 BHJs are a set of four star-shaped unfused ring electron acceptors (SSUFREAs), i.e., BD-IC, BFD-IC, BD-2FIC, and BFD-2FIC, that are facilely synthesized by direct C-H arylation. The four SSUFREAs all show complete complementary absorption with PM6, Y6, and BTP-eC9, which facilitates light harvesting and exciton collection. When BFD-2FIC is added as a third component, the PCEs of PM6:Y6 and PM6:BTP-eC9 binary BHJs are able to be improved from 15.31% to 16.85%, and from 16.23% to 17.23%, respectively, showing that BFD-2FIC is useful for most effective ternary OSCs in general, and increasing short circuit current (JSC) and better film morphology are two additional benefits. The ternary PM6:Y6:BFD-2FIC exhibits a 9.7% percentage of increase in PCE compared to the PM6:Y6 binary BHJ, which is one of the highest percentage increases among the reported ternary BHJs, showing the huge potential of BFD-2FIC for ternary BHJ OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jun Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Pachaiyappan Murugan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Qiu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yu-Long Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zai-Fang Li
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Lee JW, Park JS, Jeon H, Lee S, Jeong D, Lee C, Kim YH, Kim BJ. Recent progress and prospects of dimer and multimer acceptors for efficient and stable polymer solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4674-4706. [PMID: 38529583 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability are essential prerequisites for the commercialization of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) are core materials that have led to recent, rapid increases in the PCEs of the PSCs. However, a critical limitation of the resulting PSCs is their poor long-term stability. Blend morphology degradation from rapid diffusion of SMAs with low glass transition temperatures (Tgs) is considered the main cause of the poor long-term stability of the PSCs. The recent emergence of oligomerized SMAs (OSMAs), composed of two or more repeating SMA units (i.e., dimerized and trimerized SMAs), has shown great promise in overcoming these challenges. This innovation in material design has enabled OSMA-based PSCs to reach impressive PCEs near 19% and exceptional long-term stability. In this review, we summarize the evolution of OSMAs, including their research background and recent progress in molecular design. In particular, we discuss the mechanisms for high PCE and stability of OSMA-based PSCs and suggest useful design guidelines for high-performance OSMAs. Furthermore, we reflect on the existing hurdles and future directions for OSMA materials towards achieving commercially viable PSCs with high PCEs and operational stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Su Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyesu Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changyeon Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Liu S, Wang J, Wen S, Bi F, Zhu Q, Yang C, Yang C, Chu J, Bao X. Efficient Dual Mechanisms Boost the Efficiency of Ternary Solar Cells with Two Compatible Polymer Donors to Exceed 19. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312959. [PMID: 38332502 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Ternary strategyopens a simple avenue to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). The introduction of wide bandgap polymer donors (PDs) as third component canbetter utilize sunlight and improve the mechanical and thermal stability of active layer. However, efficient ternary OSCs (TOSCs) with two PDs are rarely reported due to inferior compatibility and shortage of efficient PDs match with acceptors. Herein, two PDs-(PBB-F and PBB-Cl) are adopted in the dual-PDs ternary systems to explore the underlying mechanisms and improve their photovoltaic performance. The findings demonstrate that the third components exhibit excellent miscibility with PM6 and are embedded in the host donor to form alloy-like phase. A more profound mechanism for enhancing efficiency through dual mechanisms, that are the guest energy transfer to PM6 and charge transport at the donor/acceptor interface, has been proposed. Consequently, the PM6:PBB-Cl:BTP-eC9 TOSCs achieve PCE of over 19%. Furthermore, the TOSCs exhibit better thermal stability than that of binary OSCs due to the reduction in spatial site resistance resulting from a more tightly entangled long-chain structure. This work not only provides an effective approach to fabricate high-performance TOSCs, but also demonstrates the importance of developing dual compatible PD materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Shuguang Wen
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fuzhen Bi
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chunpeng Yang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Chunming Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Junhao Chu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
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35
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Song J, Liu H, Zhao Z, Lin P, Yan F. Flexible Organic Transistors for Biosensing: Devices and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300034. [PMID: 36853083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable biosensors can offer seamless and conformable biological-electronic interfaces for continuously acquiring high-fidelity signals, permitting numerous emerging applications. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are ideal transducers for flexible and stretchable biosensing due to their soft nature, inherent amplification function, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, low cost, and device diversity. In consideration of the rapid advances in flexible-OTFT-based biosensors and their broad applications, herein, a timely and comprehensive review is provided. It starts with a detailed introduction to the features of various OTFTs including organic field-effect transistors and organic electrochemical transistors, and the functionalization strategies for biosensing, with a highlight on the seminal work and up-to-date achievements. Then, the applications of flexible-OTFT-based biosensors in wearable, implantable, and portable electronics, as well as neuromorphic biointerfaces are detailed. Subsequently, special attention is paid to emerging stretchable organic transistors including planar and fibrous devices. The routes to impart stretchability, including structural engineering and material engineering, are discussed, and the implementations of stretchable organic transistors in e-skin and smart textiles are included. Finally, the remaining challenges and the future opportunities in this field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Song
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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36
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Ding Y, Xiong S, Li M, Pu M, Zhu Y, Lai X, Wang Y, Qiu D, Lai H, He F. Highly-Efficient 2D Nonfullerene Acceptors Enabled by Subtle Molecular Tailoring Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309169. [PMID: 38072767 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The conjugate expansion of nonfullerene acceptors is considered to be a promising approach for improving organic photovoltaic performance because of its function in tuning morphological structure and molecular stacking behavior. In this work, two nonfullerene acceptors are designed and synthesized using a 2D π-conjugate expansion strategy, thus enabling the construction of highly-efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). Compared with YB2B (incorporating dibromophenanthrene on the quinoxaline-fused core), YB2T (incorporating dibromobenzodithiophene on the quinoxaline-fused core) has red-shifted spectral absorption and better charge transport properties. Moreover, the more orderly and tightly intermolecular stacking of YB2T provides the possibility of forming a more suitable phase separation morphology in blend films. Through characterization and analysis, the YB2T-based blend film is found to have higher exciton dissociation efficiency and less charge recombination. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.05% is achieved in YB2T-based binary OSCs, while YB2B-based devices only reached 10.94%. This study demonstrates the significance of the aromatic-ring substitution strategy for regulating the electronic structure and aggregation behavior of 2D nonfullerene acceptors, facilitating the development of devices with superior photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ding
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shilong Xiong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingpeng Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingrui Pu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiwu Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xue Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dongsheng Qiu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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37
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Shoaee S, Luong HM, Song J, Zou Y, Nguyen TQ, Neher D. What We have Learnt from PM6:Y6. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302005. [PMID: 37623325 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three years, remarkable advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged, propelled by the introduction of Y6-an innovative A-DA'D-A type small molecule non-fullerene acceptor (NFA). This review provides a critical discussion of the current knowledge about the structural and physical properties of the PM6:Y6 material combination in relation to its photovoltaic performance. The design principles of PM6 and Y6 are discussed, covering charge transfer, transport, and recombination mechanisms. Then, the authors delve into blend morphology and degradation mechanisms before considering commercialization. The current state of the art is presented, while also discussing unresolved contentious issues, such as the blend energetics, the pathways of free charge generation, and the role of triplet states in recombination. As such, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the PM6:Y6 material combination and its potential for further development in the field of organic solar cells. By addressing both the successes and challenges associated with this system, this review contributes to the ongoing research efforts toward achieving more efficient and stable organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Shoaee
- Optoelectronics of Disordered Semiconductors, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hoang M Luong
- Centre for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jiage Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Centre for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Dieter Neher
- Soft Matter Physics and Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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38
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Alsharif MA, Darwish AAA, Qashou SI, Alaysuy O, El-Zaidia EFM, Al-Ghamdi SA, Sadiq M, Alqurashi RS, Al-Abandi MH, Hamdalla TA. Optical and electronic properties of MgPc-Ch-diisoQ blend organic thin film as an active layer for photovoltaic cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299079. [PMID: 38630772 PMCID: PMC11023275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic cells are a promising technology for generating renewable energy from sunlight. These cells are made from organic materials, such as polymers or small molecules, and can be lightweight, flexible, and low-cost. Here, we have created a novel mixture of magnesium phthalocyanine (MgPc) and chlorophenyl ethyl diisoquinoline (Ch-diisoQ). A coating unit has been utilized in preparing MgPc, Ch-diisoQ, and MgPc-Ch-diisoQ films onto to FTO substrate. The MgPc-Ch-diisoQ film has a spherical and homogeneous surface morphology with a grain size of 15.9 nm. The optical absorption of the MgPc-Ch-diisoQ film was measured, and three distinct bands were observed at 800-600 nm, 600-400 nm, and 400-250 nm, with a band gap energy of 1.58 eV. The current density-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements were performed to analyze the photoelectric properties of the three tested cells. The forward current density obtained from our investigated blend cell is more significant than that for each material by about 22%. The photovoltaic parameters (Voc, Isc, and FF) of the MgPc-Ch-diisoQ cell were found to be 0.45 V, 2.12 μA, and 0.4, respectively. We believe that our investigated MgPc-Ch-diisoQ film will be a promising active layer in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. A. A. Darwish
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleem I. Qashou
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Omaymah Alaysuy
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - E. F. M. El-Zaidia
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Education, Department of Physics, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S. A. Al-Ghamdi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Sadiq
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Taymour A. Hamdalla
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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39
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Wang J, Wang C, Wang Y, Qiao J, Ren J, Li J, Wang W, Chen Z, Yu Y, Hao X, Zhang S, Hou J. Pyrrole-Based Fully Non-fused Acceptor for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400565. [PMID: 38291011 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are still suffering from the low light utilization and unstable under ultraviolet irradiation. To tackle these challenges, we design and synthesize a non-fused acceptor based on 1-(2-butyloctyl)-1H-pyrrole as π-bridge unit, denoted as GS70, which serves as active layer in the front-cell for constructing tandem OSCs with a parallel configuration. Benefiting from the well-complementary absorption spectra with the rear-cell, GS70-based parallel tandem OSCs exhibit an improved photoelectron response over the range between 600-700 nm, yielding a high short-circuit current density of 28.4 mA cm-2. The improvement in light utilization translates to a power conversion efficiency of 19.4 %, the highest value among all parallel tandem OSCs. Notably, owing to the intrinsic stability of GS70, the manufactured parallel tandem OSCs retain 84.9 % of their initial PCE after continuous illumination for 1000 hours. Overall, this work offers novel insight into the molecular design of low-cost and stability non-fused acceptors, emphasizing the importance of adopting a parallel tandem configuration for achieving efficient light harvesting and improved photostability in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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40
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Kim S, Oh J, Park J, Lee B, Mai TLH, Sun Z, Jeong S, Cho Y, Kim W, Yang C. High-Precision Tailored Polymer Molecular Weights for Specific Photovoltaic Applications through Ultrasound-Induced Simultaneous Physical and Chemical Events. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401097. [PMID: 38308505 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
It is highly challenging to reproducibly prepare semiconducting polymers with targeted molecular weight tailored for next-generation photovoltaic applications. Once such an easily accessible methodology is established, which can not only contribute to overcome the current limitation of the statistically determined nature of semiconducting polymers, but also facilitate rapid incorporation into the broad synthetic chemists' toolbox. Here, we describe a simple yet robust ultrasonication-assisted Stille polymerization for accessing semiconducting polymers with high-precision tailored molecular weights (from low to ultrahigh molecular weight ranges) while mitigating their interbatch variations. We propose that ultrasound-induced simultaneous physical and chemical events enable precise control of the semiconducting polymers' molecular weights with high reproducibility to satisfy all the optical/electrical and morphological demands of diverse types of high-performance semiconducting polymer-based devices; as demonstrated in in-depth experimental screenings in applications of both organic and perovskite photovoltaics. We believe that this methodology provides a fast development of new and existing semiconducting polymers with the highest-level performances possible on various photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeewon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Byongkyu Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Thi Le Huyen Mai
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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41
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Li Y, Qi F, Fan B, Liu KK, Yu J, Fu Y, Liu X, Wang Z, Zhang S, Lu G, Lu X, Fan Q, Chow PCY, Ma W, Lin FR, Jen AKY. Eliminating the Burn-in Loss of Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells by Applying Dimer Acceptors as Supramolecular Stabilizers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313393. [PMID: 38573779 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The meta-stable active layer morphology of organic solar cells (OSCs) is identified as the main cause of the rapid burn-in loss of power conversion efficiency (PCE) during long-term device operation. However, effective strategies to eliminate the associated loss mechanisms from the initial stage of device operation are still lacking, especially for high-efficiency material systems. Herein, the introduction of molecularly engineered dimer acceptors with adjustable thermal transition properties into the active layer of OSCs to serve as supramolecular stabilizers for regulating the thermal transitions and optimizing the crystallization of the absorber composites is reported. By establishing intimate π-π interactions with small-molecule acceptors, these stabilizers can effectively reduce the trap-state density (Nt) in the devices to achieve excellent PCEs over 19%. More importantly, the low Nt associated with an initially optimized morphology can be maintained under external stresses to significantly reduce the PCE burn-in loss in devices. This research reveals a judicious approach to improving OPV stability by establishing a comprehensive correlation between material properties, active-layer morphology, and device performance, for developing burn-in-free OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxun Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Baobing Fan
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jifa Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yuang Fu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xianzhao Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qunping Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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42
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Ji J, Wu Z, Xie J, Wang W, Qian H, Liang Z. Dual Polymerized Y-Acceptors of Distinct-Dimensionality Create Neuron-Like Interpenetrating Hierarchical Network towards Efficient and Stable All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313237. [PMID: 38214364 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells have garnered particular attention thanks to their superior thermal, photo, and mechanical stabilities for large-scale manufacturing, yet the performance enhancement remains largely restrained by inherent morphological challenges of the bulk-heterojunction active layer. Herein, a 3D Y-branched polymerized small-molecule acceptor named PYBF, characteristic of high molecular weight and glass transition temperature, is designed and synthesized by precisely linking C3h-symmetric benzotrifuran with Y6 acceptors. In comparison to the benchmark thiophene-bridged linear PYIT acceptor, an optical blue-shift absorption is observed for PYBF yet a slightly higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.7% (vs 15.14%) is obtained when paired with polymer donor PM6, which benefit from the more crystalline and face-on-oriented PYBF domains. However, the star-like bulky structure of PYBF results in the nucleation-growth dominant phase-separation in polymeric blends, which generates stumpy droplet-like acceptor fibrils and impairs the continuity of acceptor phases. This issue is however surprisingly resolved by incorporating a small amount of PYIT, which leads to the formation of the more interconnective neuron-like dual-acceptor domains by long-chain entanglements of linear acceptors and alleviates bimolecular recombination. Thus, the champion device realizes a respectable PCE of up to ≈17% and importantly exhibits thermal and storage stabilities superior to the linear counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ji
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiaqi Xie
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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43
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Chen X, Chen M, Liang J, Liu H, Xie X, Zhang L, Ma D, Chen J. Polymer Donor with a Simple Skeleton and Minor Siloxane Decoration Enables 19% Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313074. [PMID: 38237120 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Development of polymer donors with simple chemical structure and low cost is of great importance for commercial application of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, side-chain random copolymer PMQ-Si605 with a simply 6,7-difluoro-3-methylquinoxaline-thiophene backbone and 5% siloxane decoration of side chain is synthesized in comparison with its alternating copolymer PTQ11. Relative to molecular weight (Mn) of 28.3 kg mol-1 for PTQ11, the random copolymer PMQ-Si605 with minor siloxane decoration is beneficial for achieving higher Mn up to 51.1 kg mol-1. In addition, PMQ-Si605 can show stronger aggregation ability and faster charge mobility as well as more efficient exciton dissociation in active layer as revealed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. With L8-BO-F as acceptor, its PMQ-Si605 based OSCs display power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.08%, much higher than 16.21% for PTQ11 based devices. With another acceptor BTP-H2 to optimize the photovoltaic performance of PMQ-Si605, further elevated PCEs of 18.50% and 19.15% can be achieved with the binary and ternary OSCs, respectively. Furthermore, PMQ-Si605 based active layers are suitable for processing in high humidity air, an important factor for massive production of OSCs. Therefore, the siloxane decoration on polymer donors is promising, affording PMQ-Si605 as a high-performing and low cost candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haizhen Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xianglun Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Lianjie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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Zhou Y, Liu S, Liang Z, Wu H, Wang L, Wang W, Zhao B, Cong Z, Lu G, Gao C. Terpolymer Containing a meta-Octyloxy-phenyl-Modified Dithieno[3,2- f:2',3'- h]quinoxaline Unit Enabling Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:14026-14037. [PMID: 38447136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of small-molecule electron acceptors, polymer electron donors are becoming more important than ever in organic photovoltaics, and there is still room for the currently available high-performance polymer donors. To further develop polymer donors with finely tunable structures to achieve better photovoltaic performances, random ternary copolymerization is a useful technique. Herein, by incorporating a new electron-withdrawing segment 2,3-bis(3-octyloxyphenyl)dithieno[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline derivative (C12T-TQ) to PM6, a series of terpolymers were synthesized. It is worth noting that the introduction of the C12T-TQ unit can deepen the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels of the resultant polymers. In addition, the polymer Z6 with a 10% C12T-TQ ratio possesses the highest film absorption coefficient (9.86 × 104 cm-1) among the four polymers. When blended with Y6, it exhibited superior miscibility and mutual crystallinity enhancement between Z6 and Y6, suppressed recombination, better exciton separation and charge collection characteristics, and faster hole transfer in the D-A interface. Consequently, the device of Z6:Y6 successfully achieved enhanced photovoltaic parameters and yielded an efficiency of 17.01%, higher than the 16.18% of the PM6:Y6 device, demonstrating the effectiveness of the meta-octyloxy-phenyl-modified dithieno[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline moiety to build promising terpolymer donors for high-performance organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhou
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Liuchang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, No. 168 of South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
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45
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Wu Y, Yuan Y, Sorbelli D, Cheng C, Michalek L, Cheng HW, Jindal V, Zhang S, LeCroy G, Gomez ED, Milner ST, Salleo A, Galli G, Asbury JB, Toney MF, Bao Z. Tuning polymer-backbone coplanarity and conformational order to achieve high-performance printed all-polymer solar cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2170. [PMID: 38461153 PMCID: PMC10924936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) offer improved morphological and mechanical stability compared with those containing small-molecule-acceptors (SMAs). They can be processed with a broader range of conditions, making them desirable for printing techniques. In this study, we report a high-performance polymer acceptor design based on bithiazole linker (PY-BTz) that are on par with SMAs. We demonstrate that bithiazole induces a more coplanar and ordered conformation compared to bithiophene due to the synergistic effect of non-covalent backbone planarization and reduced steric encumbrances. As a result, PY-BTz shows a significantly higher efficiency of 16.4% in comparison to the polymer acceptors based on commonly used thiophene-based linkers (i.e., PY-2T, 9.8%). Detailed analyses reveal that this improvement is associated with enhanced conjugation along the backbone and closer interchain π-stacking, resulting in higher charge mobilities, suppressed charge recombination, and reduced energetic disorder. Remarkably, an efficiency of 14.7% is realized for all-PSCs that are solution-sheared in ambient conditions, which is among the highest for devices prepared under conditions relevant to scalable printing techniques. This work uncovers a strategy for promoting backbone conjugation and planarization in emerging polymer acceptors that can lead to superior all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4125, USA
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Diego Sorbelli
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5747 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Christina Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lukas Michalek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4125, USA
| | - Hao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4125, USA
| | - Vishal Jindal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4125, USA
| | - Garrett LeCroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Scott T Milner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Giulia Galli
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5747 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - John B Asbury
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Materials Science Program, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4125, USA.
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46
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Peng W, Xiong J, Chen T, Zhao D, Liu J, Zhang N, Teng Y, Yu J, Zhu W. Impact of length of branched alkyl side chains on thiazolothiazole-based small molecular acceptors in non-fullerene polymer solar cells. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8081-8089. [PMID: 38464695 PMCID: PMC10921173 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00572d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the length of branched alkyl side chains on fused-ring electron acceptors confers different impacts on properties versus solubility of BJH blends. However, because this impact on a non-fused acceptor backbone has rarely been studied, we examined the impact of molecular optimization from alkyl chain tuning based on non-fused thiazolothiazole small-molecule acceptors. The length of the side chain on the thiophene bridge was modified from 2-butyloctyl to 2-ethylhexyl, which corresponds to small molecules TTz3(C4C6) and TTz3(C2C4), respectively. Compared with the reported TTz3(C6C8) with long alkyl side chains, TTz3(C4C6) and TTz3(C2C4) exhibited stronger molecular aggregation, higher absorption coefficients, and greater redshifted UV absorption. Unexpectedly, after the alkyl chain was slightly shortened in this type of acceptor system, devices were successfully fabricated, but it was necessary to reduce the blending concentration at low rotation speeds due to the sharp decrease in the solubility of corresponding acceptor materials. Thus, the obtained unfavorable thickness and morphology of the active layer caused a decrease in Jsc and FF. As a consequence, TTz3(C4C6)- and TTz3(C2C4)-based devices showed an unsatisfactory power conversion efficiency of 6.02% and 2.71%, respectively, when donors were paired with the wide bandgap donor J71, which is inferior to that of TTz3(C6C8)-based devices (8.76%). These results indicate that it is challenging to determine the limit of the adjustable range of side chains to modify non-fused thiazolothiazole small-molecule acceptors for high-performance non-fullerene solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Peng
- School of Materials Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology Changzhou 213164 China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering Xiangtan 411104 China
| | - Jiyu Xiong
- School of Materials Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Materials Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Dong Zhao
- School of Materials Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Jinran Liu
- School of Materials Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Yefang Teng
- School of Materials Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Junting Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratories of Environment-Friendly Polymers, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratories of Environment-Friendly Polymers, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
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47
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Shi J, Sun K, Chen Z, Qiu Y, Liu H, Ma W, Liu Q, Ge Z. The Influence of Donor/Acceptor Interfaces on Organic Solar Cells Efficiency and Stability Revealed through Theoretical Calculations and Morphology Characterizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318360. [PMID: 38189578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
End-groups halogenation strategies, generally refers to fluorination and chlorination, have been confirmed as simple and efficient methods to regulate the photoelectric performance of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), but a controversy over which one is better has existed for a long time. Here, two novel NFAs, C9N3-4F and C9N3-4Cl, featured with different end-groups were successfully synthesized and blended with two renowned donors, D18 and PM6, featured with different electron-withdrawing units. Detailed theoretical calculations and morphology characterizations of the interface structures indicate NFAs based on different end-groups possess different binding energy and miscibility with donors, which shows an obvious influence on phase-separation morphology, charge transport behavior and device performance. After verified by other three pairs of reported NFAs, a universal conclusion obtained as the devices based on D18 with fluorination-end-groups-based NFAs and PM6 with chlorination-end-groups-based NFAs generally show excellent efficiencies, high fill factors and stability. Finally, the devices based on D18: C9N3-4F and PM6: C9N3-4Cl yield outstanding efficiency of 18.53 % and 18.00 %, respectively. Suitably selecting donor and regulating donor/acceptor interface can accurately present the photoelectric conversion ability of a novel NFAs, which points out the way for further molecular design and selection for high-performance and stable organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kexuan Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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48
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Chen Z, Zhang S, Ren J, Zhang T, Dai J, Wang J, Ma L, Qiao J, Hao X, Hou J. Molecular Design for Vertical Phase Distribution Modulation in High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2310390. [PMID: 38433157 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Component distribution within the photoactive layer dictates the morphology and electronic structure and substantially influences the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, a molecular design strategy is introduced to manipulate component and energetics distribution by adjusting side-chain polarity. Two non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), ITIC-16F and ITIC-E, are synthesized by introducing different polar functional substituents onto the side chains of ITIC. The alterations result in different distribution tendencies in the bulk heterojunction film: ITIC-16F with intensified hydrophobicity aligns predominantly with the top surface, while ITIC-E with strong hydrophilicity gravitates toward the bottom. This divergence directly impacts the vertical distribution of the excitation energy levels, thereby influencing the excitation kinetics over extended time periods and larger spatial ranges including enhanced diffusion-mediated exciton dissociation and stimulated charge carrier transport. Benefitting from the favorable energy distribution, the device incorporating ITIC-E into the PBQx-TF:eC9-2Cl blend showcases an impressive power conversion efficiency of 19.4%. This work highlights side-chain polarity manipulation as a promising strategy for designing efficient NFA molecules and underscores the pivotal role of spatial energetics distribution in OSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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49
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Fu J, Yang Q, Huang P, Chung S, Cho K, Kan Z, Liu H, Lu X, Lang Y, Lai H, He F, Fong PWK, Lu S, Yang Y, Xiao Z, Li G. Rational molecular and device design enables organic solar cells approaching 20% efficiency. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1830. [PMID: 38418862 PMCID: PMC10902355 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
For organic solar cells to be competitive, the light-absorbing molecules should simultaneously satisfy multiple key requirements, including weak-absorption charge transfer state, high dielectric constant, suitable surface energy, proper crystallinity, etc. However, the systematic design rule in molecules to achieve the abovementioned goals is rarely studied. In this work, guided by theoretical calculation, we present a rational design of non-fullerene acceptor o-BTP-eC9, with distinct photoelectric properties compared to benchmark BTP-eC9. o-BTP-eC9 based device has uplifted charge transfer state, therefore significantly reducing the energy loss by 41 meV and showing excellent power conversion efficiency of 18.7%. Moreover, the new guest acceptor o-BTP-eC9 has excellent miscibility, crystallinity, and energy level compatibility with BTP-eC9, which enables an efficiency of 19.9% (19.5% certified) in PM6:BTP-C9:o-BTP-eC9 based ternary system with enhanced operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehao Fu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Qianguang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, PR China
- Thin-Film Solar Cell Technology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peihao Huang
- Thin-Film Solar Cell Technology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Yongwen Lang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Patrick W K Fong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Shirong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, PR China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Thin-Film Solar Cell Technology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, PR China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China.
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50
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Chen Z, Zhang S, Zhang T, Ren J, Dai J, Li H, Qiao J, Hao X, Hou J. Iodinated Electron Acceptor with Significantly Extended Exciton Diffusion Length for Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317892. [PMID: 38206554 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Iodination has unlocked new potentials in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). A newly designed and synthesized iodinated non-fullerene acceptor, BO-4I, showcases exceptional excitation delocalization property with the exciton diffusion length increased to 80 nm. The enhanced electron delocalization property is attributed to the larger atomic radius and electron orbit of the iodine atom, which facilitates the formation of intra-moiety excitations in the acceptor phase. This effectively circumvents the charge transfer state-related recombination mechanisms, leading to a substantial reduction in non-radiative energy loss (ΔEnr ). As a result, OPV cell based on PBDB-TF : BO-4I achieves an impressive efficiency of 18.9 % with a notable ΔEnr of 0.189 eV, markedly surpassing their fluorinated counterparts. This contribution highlights the pivotal role of iodination in reducing energy loss, thereby affirming its potential as a key strategy in the development of advanced next-generation OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangbo Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Huixue Li
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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