1
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Ali Septian MR, Estrada R, Lee CC, Iskandar J, Al Amin NR, Liman J, Harsono B, Sutanto K, Yeh PC, Chen CH, Liu SW. Enhancing Specific Detectivity and Device Stability in Vacuum-Deposited Organic Photodetectors Utilizing Nonfullerene Acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39215693 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Organic photodetector (OPD) studies have undergone a revolutionary transformation by introducing nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), which provide substantial benefits such as tunable band gaps and enhanced absorption in the visible spectrum. Vacuum-processed small-molecule-based OPD devices are presented in this study by utilizing a blend of boron subphthalocyanine (SubPc) and chlorinated subphthalocyanine (Cl6SubPc) as the active layer. Four different active layer thicknesses are further investigated to understand the intrinsic phenomena, unveiling the suppression of dark current density while maintaining photoexcitation and charge separation efficiency. Experimental results reveal that, at an applied bias of -3 V, the 50-nm-thick active layer achieves a remarkably low dark current density of 1.002 nA cm-2 alongside a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 52.932% and a responsivity of 0.226 A W-1. These impressive performance metrics lead to a specific detectivity of 1.263 × 1013 Jones. Furthermore, the findings offer new insights into intrinsic phenomena within the bulk heterojunction (BHJ), such as thermally generated current and exciton quenching. This integration is potentially well-heeled to revolutionize display technology by combining high-sensitivity photodetection, offering new possibilities for novel display panels with sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rivaldi Ali Septian
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Richie Estrada
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta 11470, Indonesia
| | - Chih-Chien Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Johan Iskandar
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Vocational School, Pakuan University, Bogor 16129, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Ridho Al Amin
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Johansah Liman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta 11470, Indonesia
| | - Budi Harsono
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta 11470, Indonesia
| | - Kevin Sutanto
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta 11470, Indonesia
| | - Ping-Chung Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Wei Liu
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
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2
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Zhang W, Qin Z, Yu L, Lian J, Liu J, He Z, Huang ZH. A self-bonding conductive electrode triggered by water-induced structure reconfiguration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9074-9077. [PMID: 39104310 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03396e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a self-bonding conductive electrode triggered by water-induced structure reconfiguration. Water wetting causes the swelling and mobility of cotton-derived cellulose nanofibers in the conductive electrode, and the formation of hydrogen bonds, which enables the conductive electrode to heal damage, bond separated pieces, and directly bond on diverse substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhouyang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lingxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiabiao Lian
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhixia He
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zheng-Hong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Yang H, Wu M, Pan M, Zhou C, Sun Y, Huang P, Yang L, Liu J, Zeng H. Highly Stretchable, Transparent, Self-Healing Ion-Conducting Elastomers for Long-Term Reliable Human Motion Detection. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400362. [PMID: 39078623 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The flexible electronic sensor is a critical component of wearable devices, generally requiring high stretchability, excellent transmittance, conductivity, self-healing capability, and strong adhesion. However, designing ion-conducting elastomers meeting all these requirements simultaneously remains a challenge. In this study, a novel approach is presented to fabricate highly stretchable, transparent, and self-healing ion-conducting elastomers, which are synthesized via photo-polymerization of two polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDESs) monomers, i.e., methacrylic acid (MAA)/choline chloride (ChCl) and itaconic acid (IA)/ChCl. The as-prepared ion-conducting elastomers possess outstanding properties, including high transparency, conductivity, and the capability to adhere to various substrates. The elastomers also demonstrate ultra-stretchability (up to 3900%) owing to a combination of covalent cross-linking and noncovalent cross-linking. In addition, the elastomers can recover up to 3250% strain and over 94.5% of their original conductivity after self-healing at room temperature for 5 min, indicating remarkable mechanical and conductive self-healing abilities. When utilized as strain sensors to monitor real-time motion of human fingers, wrist, elbow, and knee joints, the elastomers exhibit stable and strong repetitive electrical signals, demonstrating excellent sensing performance for large-scale movements of the human body. It is anticipated that these ion-conducting elastomers will find promising applications in flexible and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mingfei Pan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yongxiang Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Pan Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jifang Liu
- Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510700, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
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4
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Xiang X, Zhang K, Qin Y, Ma X, Dai Y, Zhang X, Niu W, He P. Smart Cushions with Machine Learning-Enhanced Force Sensors for Pressure Injury Risk Assessment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38466-38477. [PMID: 38995996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged sitting can easily result in pressure injury (PI) for certain people who have had strokes or spinal cord injuries. There are not many methods available for tracking contact surface pressure and shear force to evaluate the PI risk. Here, we propose a smart cushion that uses two-dimensional force sensors (2D-FSs) to measure the pressure and shear force in the buttocks. A machine learning algorithm is then used to compute the shear stresses in the gluteal muscles, which helps to determine the PI risk. The 2D-FS consists of a ferroelectret coaxial sensor (FCS) unit placed atop a ferroelectret film sensor (FFS) unit, allowing it to detect both vertical and horizontal forces simultaneously. To characterize and calibrate, two experimental approaches are applied: one involves simultaneously applying two perpendicular forces, and one involves applying a single force. To separate the two forces, the 2D-FS is decoupled using a deep neural network technique. Multiple FCSs are embedded to form a smart cushion, and a genetic algorithm-optimized backpropagation neural network is proposed and trained to predict the shear strain in the buttocks to prevent PI. By tracking the danger of PI, the smart cushion based on 2D-FSs may be further connected with home-based intelligent care platforms to increase patient equality for spinal cord injury patients and lower the expense of nursing or rehabilitation care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Xiang
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xingchen Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai ,200092, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenxin Niu
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pengfei He
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai ,200092, China
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5
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Zhao X, Liu M, Wang J, Yang K, Zhang H, Jeong SY, Ma X, Woo HY, Zhang F. Dual-Band Photomultiplication-Type Organic Photodetectors with Ultrahigh Signal-to-Noise Ratios. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35400-35409. [PMID: 38917455 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A series of dual-band photomultiplication (PM)-type organic photodetectors (OPDs) were fabricated by employing a donor(s)/acceptor (100:1, wt/wt) mixed layer and an ultrathin Y6 layer as the active layers, as well as by using PNDIT-F3N as an interfacial layer near the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The dual-band PM-type OPDs exhibit the response range of 330-650 nm under forward bias and the response range of 650-850 nm under reverse bias. The tunable spectral response range of dual-band PM-type OPDs under forward or reverse bias can be explained well from the trapped electron distribution near the electrodes. The dark current density (JD) of the dual-band PM-type OPDs can be efficiently suppressed by employing PNDIT-F3N as the anode interfacial layer and the special active layers with hole-only transport characteristics. The light current density (JL) of the dual-band PM-type OPDs can be slightly increased by incorporating wide-bandgap polymer P-TPDs with relatively large hole mobility (μh) in the active layers. The signal-to-noise ratios of the optimized dual-band PM-type OPDs reach 100,980 under -50 V bias and white light illumination with an intensity of 1.0 mW·cm-2, benefiting from the ultralow JD by employing wide-bandgap PNDIT-F3N as the anode interfacial buffer layer and the increased JL by incorporating appropriate P-TPD in the active layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian 271000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Haolan Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Fujun Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
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6
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Chen Y, Zheng Y, Wang J, Zhao X, Liu G, Lin Y, Yang Y, Wang L, Tang Z, Wang Y, Fang Y, Zhang W, Zhu X. Ultranarrow-bandgap small-molecule acceptor enables sensitive SWIR detection and dynamic upconversion imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9631. [PMID: 38838154 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) light detection plays a key role in modern technologies. Emerging solution-processed organic semiconductors are promising for cost-effective, flexible, and large-area SWIR organic photodiodes (OPDs). However, the spectral responsivity (R) and specific detectivity (D*) of SWIR OPDs are restricted by insufficient exciton dissociation and high noise current. In this work, we synthesized an SWIR small molecule with a spectral coverage of 0.3 to 1.3 micrometers peaking at 1100 nanometers. The photodiode, with optimized exciton dissociation, charge injection, and SWIR transmittance, achieves a record high R of 0.53 ampere per watt and D* of 1.71 × 1013 Jones at 1110 nanometers under zero bias. The D* at 1 to 1.2 micrometers surpasses that of the uncooled commercial InGaAs photodiode. Furthermore, large-area semitransparent all-organic upconversion devices integrating the SWIR photodiode realized static and dynamic SWIR-to-visible imaging, along with excellent upconversion efficiency and spatial resolution. This work provides alternative insights for developing sensitive organic SWIR detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqi Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhao Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubo Yang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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7
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Wang CI, Maier JC, Jackson NE. Accessing the electronic structure of liquid crystalline semiconductors with bottom-up electronic coarse-graining. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8390-8403. [PMID: 38846409 PMCID: PMC11151863 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between multiscale morphology and electronic structure is a grand challenge for semiconducting soft materials. Computational studies aimed at characterizing these relationships require the complex integration of quantum-chemical (QC) calculations, all-atom and coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations, and back-mapping approaches. However, these methods pose substantial computational challenges that limit their application to the requisite length scales of soft material morphologies. Here, we demonstrate the bottom-up electronic coarse-graining (ECG) of morphology-dependent electronic structure in the liquid-crystal-forming semiconductor, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-octyl-benzothienobenzothiophene (BTBT). ECG is applied to construct density functional theory (DFT)-accurate valence band Hamiltonians of the isotropic and smectic liquid crystal (LC) phases using only the CG representation of BTBT. By bypassing the atomistic resolution and its prohibitive computational costs, ECG enables the first calculations of the morphology dependence of the electronic structure of charge carriers across LC phases at the ∼20 nm length scale, with robust statistical sampling. Kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations reveal a strong morphology dependence on zero-field charge mobility among different LC phases as well as the presence of two-molecule charge carriers that act as traps and hinder charge transport. We leverage these results to further evaluate the feasibility of developing mesoscopic, field-based ECG models in future works. The fully CG approach to electronic property predictions in LC semiconductors opens a new computational direction for designing electronic processes in soft materials at their characteristic length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-I Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 505 S Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - J Charlie Maier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 505 S Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Nicholas E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 505 S Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
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8
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Fatangare M, Bhingarkar S. A comprehensive review on technological advancements for sensor-based Nadi Pariksha: An ancient Indian science for human health diagnosis. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100958. [PMID: 38815517 PMCID: PMC11166873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Nadi Pariksha is a significant, rather symbolic term for Ayurveda. Ancient Ayurvedic literature has prominently stated its importance in the judgment of Tridoshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) which are the base of ailment diagnosis and prediction. The knowledge about Nadi Pariksha is uncovered in various ancient Ayurvedic literature like Ravansamhita, Bhavprakash, Nadivigyan by Kanad, Sharangdhar, and Yogratnakar. The various Nadi parameters are indicative of the diagnosis of diseases. These techniques were used as popular diagnostic tools in Indian culture from ancient days. Still, nowadays, these are not being used explicitly due to the lack of expertise, so it is necessary to establish their results once gained so that they can be used along with technical aspects in today's era. Ayurveda believes that all the elements of the Universe are present in any human body in minute, proportionate quantity, and the Nadi represents these elements, that is, Vata, Pitta, and Kapha (VPK). To facilitate the Nadi Pariksha using appropriate sensors may help the Ayurveda practitioners diagnose Prakriti and predict some diseases, making the Nadi Pariksha more reliable and faster. This review paper lists, 2 books and 67 research papers, mostly from countries like India, China, Japan, Korea, etc., from various reputed databases. The review primarily concentrates on six research themes: sensors and devices used for Nadi signal acquisition, signal pre-processing methods, feature extraction methods, feature selection approaches, classification practices, diseases diagnosed, and results attained. The paper also reviews the challenges in implementing the automated Nadi Pariksha with technological aid, which is a necessity of this period and is a very vibrant research arena. Yet significant work remains to be done, like bridging the gaps between technical and commercial development, and the procedure standardization is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunal Fatangare
- School of Computer Engineering and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India.
| | - Sukhada Bhingarkar
- School of Computer Engineering and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
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9
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Araki T, Li K, Suzuki D, Abe T, Kawabata R, Uemura T, Izumi S, Tsuruta S, Terasaki N, Kawano Y, Sekitani T. Broadband Photodetectors and Imagers in Stretchable Electronics Packaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304048. [PMID: 37403808 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The integration of flexible electronics with optics can help realize a powerful tool that facilitates the creation of a smart society wherein internal evaluations can be easily performed nondestructively from the surface of various objects that is used or encountered in daily lives. Here, organic-material-based stretchable optical sensors and imagers that possess both bending capability and rubber-like elasticity are reviewed. The latest trends in nondestructive evaluation equipment that enable simple on-site evaluations of health conditions and abnormalities are discussed without subjecting the targeted living bodies and various objects to mechanical stress. Real-time performance under real-life conditions is becoming increasingly important for creating smart societies interwoven with optical technologies. In particular, the terahertz (THz)-wave region offers a substance- and state-specific fingerprint spectrum that enables instantaneous analyses. However, to make THz sensors accessible, the following issues must be addressed: broadband and high-sensitivity at room temperature, stretchability to follow the surface movements of targets, and digital transformation compatibility. The materials, electronics packaging, and remote imaging systems used to overcome these issues are discussed in detail. Ultimately, stretchable optical sensors and imagers with highly sensitive and broadband THz sensors can facilitate the multifaceted on-site evaluation of solids, liquids, and gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Araki
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kou Li
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Suzuki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 807-1, Shuku-machi, Tosu, 841-0052, Saga, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rei Kawabata
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Uemura
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Izumi
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, 657-8501, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsuruta
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nao Terasaki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 807-1, Shuku-machi, Tosu, 841-0052, Saga, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, 101-8430, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Lu L, Hu G, Liu J, Yang B. 5G NB-IoT System Integrated with High-Performance Fiber Sensor Inspired by Cirrus and Spider Structures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309894. [PMID: 38460163 PMCID: PMC11095228 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Real-time telemedicine detection can solve the problem of the shortage of public medical resources caused by the coming aging society. However, the development of such an integrated monitoring system is hampered by the need for high-performance sensors and the strict-requirement of long-distance signal transmission and reproduction. Here, a bionic crack-spring fiber sensor (CSFS) inspired by spider leg and cirrus whiskers for stretchable and weavable electronics is reported. Trans-scale conductive percolation networks of multilayer graphene around the surface of outer spring-like Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers and printing Ag enable a high sensitivity of 28475.6 and broad sensing range over 250%. The electromechanical changes in different stretching stages are simulated by Comsol to explain the response mechanism. The CSFS is incorporated into the fabric and realized the human-machine interactions (HMIs) for robot control. Furthermore, the 5G Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) system is developed for human healthcare data collection, transmission, and reproduction together with the integration of the CSFS, illustrating the huge potential of the approach in human-machine communication interfaces and intelligent telemedicine rehabilitation and diagnosis monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano FabricationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
- Department of Micro/Nano ElectronicsSchool of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Guosheng Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano FabricationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
- Department of Micro/Nano ElectronicsSchool of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano FabricationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Bin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano FabricationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
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11
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Yan H, Liu S, Wen N, Yin J, Jiang H. Self-healing flexible strain sensor fabricated through 3D printing template sacrifice for motion monitoring with enhanced healing and mechanical performance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:245503. [PMID: 38271718 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad22a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
With the advancements in flexible materials and information technology, flexible sensors are becoming increasingly pervasive in various aspects of life and production. They hold immense potential for further development in areas such as motion detection, electronic skin, soft robots, and wearable devices. Aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used as the raw material, while a diisocyanate reagent served as the cross-linking agent for the polymerization reaction, which involved the introduction of ureido groups, containing N-H and C=O bonds, into the long siloxane chain. The dynamic hydrogen bonding between the clusters completes the self-healing of the material. Using 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]urea as a grafting agent, the urea groups are introduced into graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive fillers. Subsequently, a flexible polymer is used as the substrate to prepare conductive flexible self-healing composites. By controlling the amount of conductive fillers, flexible strain materials with varying sensitivities are obtained. Design the structure of the flexible strain sensor using three-dimensional (3D) modeling software with deposition printing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuofu Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wen
- Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, No. 18, Wenchang Avenue, Daxing District, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150000, People's Republic of China
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12
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Wang J, Li XY, Qian HL, Wang XW, Wang YX, Ren KF, Ji J. Robust, Sprayable, and Multifunctional Hydrogel Coating through a Polycation Reinforced (PCR) Surface Bridging Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310216. [PMID: 38237136 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The sprayable hydrogel coatings that can establish robust adhesion onto diverse materials and devices hold enormous potential; however, a significant challenge persists due to monomer hydration, which impedes even coverage during spraying and induces inadequate adhesion post-gelation. Herein, a polycation-reinforced (PCR) surface bridging strategy is presented to achieve tough and sprayable hydrogel coatings onto diverse materials. The polycations offer superior wettability and instant electrostatic interactions with plasma-treated substrates, facilitating an effective spraying application. This PCR-based hydrogel coatings demonstrate tough adhesion performance to inert PTFE and silicone, including remarkable shear strength (161 ± 49 kPa for PTFE), interfacial toughness (198 ± 27 J m-2 for PTFE), and notable tolerance to cyclic tension (10 000 cycles, 200% strain, silicone). Meanwhile, this method can be applied to various hydrogel formulations, offering diverse functionalities, including underwater adhesion, lubrication, and drug delivery. Furthermore, the PCR concept enables the conformal construction of durable hydrogel coatings onto sophisticated medical devices like cardiovascular stents. Given its simplicity and adaptability, this approach paves an avenue for incorporating hydrogels onto solid surfaces and potentially promotes untapped applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Lin Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - You-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Feng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
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13
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Kawabata R, Li K, Araki T, Akiyama M, Sugimachi K, Matsuoka N, Takahashi N, Sakai D, Matsuzaki Y, Koshimizu R, Yamamoto M, Takai L, Odawara R, Abe T, Izumi S, Kurihira N, Uemura T, Kawano Y, Sekitani T. Ultraflexible Wireless Imager Integrated with Organic Circuits for Broadband Infrared Thermal Analysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309864. [PMID: 38213132 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Flexible imagers are currently under intensive development as versatile optical sensor arrays, designed to capture images of surfaces and internals, irrespective of their shape. A significant challenge in developing flexible imagers is extending their detection capabilities to encompass a broad spectrum of infrared light, particularly terahertz (THz) light at room temperature. This advancement is crucial for thermal and biochemical applications. In this study, a flexible infrared imager is designed using uncooled carbon nanotube (CNT) sensors and organic circuits. The CNT sensors, fabricated on ultrathin 2.4 µm substrates, demonstrate enhanced sensitivity across a wide infrared range, spanning from near-infrared to THz wavelengths. Moreover, they retain their characteristics under bending and crumpling. The design incorporates light-shielded organic transistors and circuits, functioning reliably under light irradiation, and amplifies THz detection signals by a factor of 10. The integration of both CNT sensors and shielded organic transistors into an 8 × 8 active-sensor matrix within the imager enables sequential infrared imaging and nondestructive assessment for heat sources and in-liquid chemicals through wireless communication systems. The proposed imager, offering unique functionality, shows promise for applications in biochemical analysis and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Kawabata
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kou Li
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Teppei Araki
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mihoko Akiyama
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaho Sugimachi
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Division of Applied Science, School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nozomi Matsuoka
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Division of Applied Science, School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norika Takahashi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Daiki Sakai
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yuto Matsuzaki
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Ryo Koshimizu
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Minami Yamamoto
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Leo Takai
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Ryoga Odawara
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shintaro Izumi
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naoko Kurihira
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takafumi Uemura
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8430, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Division of Applied Science, School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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14
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Yao X, Chen H, Qin H, Cong HP. Nanocomposite Hydrogel Actuators with Ordered Structures: From Nanoscale Control to Macroscale Deformations. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300414. [PMID: 37365950 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Flexible intelligent actuators with the characteristics of flexibility, safety and scalability, are highly promising in industrial production, biomedical fields, environmental monitoring, and soft robots. Nanocomposite hydrogels are attractive candidates for soft actuators due to their high pliability, intelligent responsiveness, and capability to execute large-scale rapid reversible deformations under external stimuli. Here, the recent advances of nanocomposite hydrogels as soft actuators are reviewed and focus is on the construction of elaborate and programmable structures by the assembly of nano-objects in the hydrogel matrix. With the help of inducing the gradient or oriented distributions of the nanounits during the gelation process by the external forces or molecular interactions, nanocomposite hydrogels with ordered structures are achieved, which can perform bending, spiraling, patterned deformations, and biomimetic complex shape changes. Given great advantages of these intricate yet programmable shape-morphing, nanocomposite hydrogel actuators have presented high potentials in the fields of moving robots, energy collectors, and biomedicines. In the end, the challenges and future perspectives of this emerging field of nanocomposite hydrogel actuators are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Haili Qin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Huai-Ping Cong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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15
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Lee JH, Cho K, Kim JK. Age of Flexible Electronics: Emerging Trends in Soft Multifunctional Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310505. [PMID: 38258951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
With the commercialization of first-generation flexible mobiles and displays in the late 2010s, humanity has stepped into the age of flexible electronics. Inevitably, soft multifunctional sensors, as essential components of next-generation flexible electronics, have attracted tremendous research interest like never before. This review is dedicated to offering an overview of the latest emerging trends in soft multifunctional sensors and their accordant future research and development (R&D) directions for the coming decade. First, key characteristics and the predominant target stimuli for soft multifunctional sensors are highlighted. Second, important selection criteria for soft multifunctional sensors are introduced. Next, emerging materials/structures and trends for soft multifunctional sensors are identified. Specifically, the future R&D directions of these sensors are envisaged based on their emerging trends, namely i) decoupling of multiple stimuli, ii) data processing, iii) skin conformability, and iv) energy sources. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities for these sensors in future are discussed, offering new insights into prospects in the fast-emerging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jang-Kyo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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16
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Song J, Liu C, Piradi V, Chen C, Zhu Y, Zhu X, Li L, Wong W, Yan F. Large-Area Fabrication of Hexaazatrinaphthylene-Based 2D Metal-Organic Framework Films for Flexible Photodetectors and Optoelectronic Synapses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305551. [PMID: 38263724 PMCID: PMC10987135 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
2D conjugated metal-organic frameworks (c-MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for (opto)electronic applications due to their excellent charge transport properties originating from the unique layered-stacked structures with extended in-plane conjugation. The further advancement of MOF-based (opto)electronics necessitates the development of novel 2D c-MOF thin films with high quality. Cu-HHHATN (HHHATN: hexahydroxyl-hexaazatrinaphthylene) is a recently reported 2D c-MOF featuring high in-plane conjugation, strong interlayer π-π stacking, and multiple coordination sites, while the production of its thin-film form has not yet been reported. Herein, large-area Cu-HHHATN thin films with preferential orientation, high uniformity, and smooth surfaces are realized by using a convenient layer-by-layer growth method. Flexible photodetectors are fabricated, showing broadband photoresponse ranging from UV to short-wave infrared (370 to 1450 nm). The relatively long relaxation time of photocurrent, which arises from the trapping of photocarriers, renders the device's synaptic plasticity similar to that of biological synapses, promising its use in neuromorphic visual systems. This work demonstrates the great potential of Cu-HHHATN thin films in flexible optoelectronic devices for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Song
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, KowloonHong KongP. R. China
| | - Chun‐Ki Liu
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, KowloonHong KongP. R. China
| | - Venkatesh Piradi
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, KowloonHong KongP. R. China
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, KowloonHong KongP. R. China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, KowloonHong KongP. R. China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, KowloonHong KongP. R. China
| | - Xunjin Zhu
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, KowloonHong KongP. R. China
| | - Li Li
- School of Fashion and TextilesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, KowloonHong KongP. R. China
| | - Wai‐Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart EnergyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, KowloonHong KongP. R. China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable SystemsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, KowloonHong KongP. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, KowloonHong KongP. R. China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable SystemsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, KowloonHong KongP. R. China
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17
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Chang S, Koo JH, Yoo J, Kim MS, Choi MK, Kim DH, Song YM. Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:768-859. [PMID: 38241488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices with unconventional form factors, such as flexible and stretchable light-emitting or photoresponsive devices, are core elements for the next-generation human-centric optoelectronics. For instance, these deformable devices can be utilized as closely fitted wearable sensors to acquire precise biosignals that are subsequently uploaded to the cloud for immediate examination and diagnosis, and also can be used for vision systems for human-interactive robotics. Their inception was propelled by breakthroughs in novel optoelectronic material technologies and device blueprinting methodologies, endowing flexibility and mechanical resilience to conventional rigid optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the advancements in such soft optoelectronic device technologies, honing in on various materials, manufacturing techniques, and device design strategies. We will first highlight the general approaches for flexible and stretchable device fabrication, including the appropriate material selection for the substrate, electrodes, and insulation layers. We will then focus on the materials for flexible and stretchable light-emitting diodes, their device integration strategies, and representative application examples. Next, we will move on to the materials for flexible and stretchable photodetectors, highlighting the state-of-the-art materials and device fabrication methods, followed by their representative application examples. At the end, a brief summary will be given, and the potential challenges for further development of functional devices will be discussed as a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehui Chang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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18
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Hong W. Advances and Opportunities of Mobile Health in the Postpandemic Era: Smartphonization of Wearable Devices and Wearable Deviceization of Smartphones. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e48803. [PMID: 38252596 PMCID: PMC10823426 DOI: 10.2196/48803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mobile health (mHealth) with continuous real-time monitoring is leading the era of digital medical convergence. Wearable devices and smartphones optimized as personalized health management platforms enable disease prediction, prevention, diagnosis, and even treatment. Ubiquitous and accessible medical services offered through mHealth strengthen universal health coverage to facilitate service use without discrimination. This viewpoint investigates the latest trends in mHealth technology, which are comprehensive in terms of form factors and detection targets according to body attachment location and type. Insights and breakthroughs from the perspective of mHealth sensing through a new form factor and sensor-integrated display overcome the problems of existing mHealth by proposing a solution of smartphonization of wearable devices and the wearable deviceization of smartphones. This approach maximizes the infinite potential of stagnant mHealth technology and will present a new milestone leading to the popularization of mHealth. In the postpandemic era, innovative mHealth solutions through the smartphonization of wearable devices and the wearable deviceization of smartphones could become the standard for a new paradigm in the field of digital medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonki Hong
- Department of Digital Healthcare, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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19
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Kim TH, Yu BS, Ko HW, Park NW, Saeed MA, Ahn J, Jo S, Kim DY, Yoon SK, Lee KH, Jeong SY, Woo HY, Kim HJ, Kim TG, Park J, Park MC, Hwang DK, Shim JW. Self-Powering Sensory Device with Multi-Spectrum Image Realization for Smart Indoor Environments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307523. [PMID: 37972308 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of organic-based optoelectronic technologies for the indoor Internet of Things market, which relies on ambient energy sources, has increased, with organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and photodetectors (OPDs) considered promising candidates for sustainable indoor electronic devices. However, the manufacturing processes of standalone OPVs and OPDs can be complex and costly, resulting in high production costs and limited scalability, thus limiting their use in a wide range of indoor applications. This study uses a multi-component photoactive structure to develop a self-powering dual-functional sensory device with effective energy harvesting and sensing capabilities. The optimized device demonstrates improved free-charge generation yield by quantifying charge carrier dynamics, with a high output power density of over 81 and 76 µW cm-2 for rigid and flexible OPVs under indoor conditions (LED 1000 lx (5200 K)). Furthermore, a single-pixel image sensor is demonstrated as a feasible prototype for practical indoor operating in commercial settings by leveraging the excellent OPD performance with a linear dynamic range of over 130 dB in photovoltaic mode (no external bias). This apparatus with high-performance OPV-OPD characteristics provides a roadmap for further exploration of the potential, which can lead to synergistic effects for practical multifunctional applications in the real world by their mutual relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyuk Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Soo Yu
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Ko
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Won Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Saeed
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtae Ahn
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Kim
- Department of Art and Technology, Seokyeong University, Seoul, 02713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Kyu Yoon
- Spatial Optical Information Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju, 61007, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Lee
- Spatial Optical Information Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju, 61007, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo J Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Hwang
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Shim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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20
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Long J, Wang T, Tan C, Chen J, Zhou Y, Lun Y, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Wu Y, Song H, Ouyang X, Hong J, Wang J. Self-Recovery of a Buckling BaTiO 3 Ferroelectric Membrane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55984-55990. [PMID: 37993976 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic of self-recovery holds significant implications for upholding performance stability within flexible electronic devices following the release of mechanical deformation. Herein, the dynamics of self-recovery in a buckling inorganic membrane is studied via in situ scanning probe microscopy technology. The experimental results demonstrate that the ultimate deformation ratio of the buckling BaTiO3 ferroelectric membrane is up to 88%, which is much higher than that of the buckling SrTiO3 dielectric membrane (49%). Combined with piezoresponse force microscopy and phase-field simulations, we find that ferroelectric domain transformation accompanies the whole process of buckling and self-recovery of the ferroelectric membrane, i.e., the presence of the nano-c domain not only releases part of the elastic energy of the membrane but also reduces the interface mismatch of the a/c domain, which encourages the buckling ferroelectric membrane to have excellent self-recovery properties. It is conceivable that the evolution of ferroelectric domains will play a greater role in the regulation of the mechanical properties of ferroelectric membranes and flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Long
- National-Provincial Laboratory of Special Function Thin Film Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Tingjun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Congbing Tan
- National-Provincial Laboratory of Special Function Thin Film Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensors and Advanced Sensor Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- National-Provincial Laboratory of Special Function Thin Film Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- National-Provincial Laboratory of Special Function Thin Film Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yingzhuo Lun
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Xiangli Zhong
- National-Provincial Laboratory of Special Function Thin Film Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yiwei Wu
- National-Provincial Laboratory of Special Function Thin Film Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Hongjia Song
- National-Provincial Laboratory of Special Function Thin Film Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- National-Provincial Laboratory of Special Function Thin Film Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Jiawang Hong
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- National-Provincial Laboratory of Special Function Thin Film Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
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21
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Charlton PH, Allen J, Bailón R, Baker S, Behar JA, Chen F, Clifford GD, Clifton DA, Davies HJ, Ding C, Ding X, Dunn J, Elgendi M, Ferdoushi M, Franklin D, Gil E, Hassan MF, Hernesniemi J, Hu X, Ji N, Khan Y, Kontaxis S, Korhonen I, Kyriacou PA, Laguna P, Lázaro J, Lee C, Levy J, Li Y, Liu C, Liu J, Lu L, Mandic DP, Marozas V, Mejía-Mejía E, Mukkamala R, Nitzan M, Pereira T, Poon CCY, Ramella-Roman JC, Saarinen H, Shandhi MMH, Shin H, Stansby G, Tamura T, Vehkaoja A, Wang WK, Zhang YT, Zhao N, Zheng D, Zhu T. The 2023 wearable photoplethysmography roadmap. Physiol Meas 2023; 44:111001. [PMID: 37494945 PMCID: PMC10686289 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/acead2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoplethysmography is a key sensing technology which is used in wearable devices such as smartwatches and fitness trackers. Currently, photoplethysmography sensors are used to monitor physiological parameters including heart rate and heart rhythm, and to track activities like sleep and exercise. Yet, wearable photoplethysmography has potential to provide much more information on health and wellbeing, which could inform clinical decision making. This Roadmap outlines directions for research and development to realise the full potential of wearable photoplethysmography. Experts discuss key topics within the areas of sensor design, signal processing, clinical applications, and research directions. Their perspectives provide valuable guidance to researchers developing wearable photoplethysmography technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Charlton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom
| | - John Allen
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5RW, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Bailón
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation (BSICoS) Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephanie Baker
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878 Queensland, Australia
| | - Joachim A Behar
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gari D Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - David A Clifton
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Harry J Davies
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
| | - Xiaorong Ding
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jessilyn Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0187, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0187, United States of America
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27705-3976, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Elgendi
- Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Munia Ferdoushi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, 90089, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- The Institute for Technology and Medical Systems (ITEMS), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Daniel Franklin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Eduardo Gil
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation (BSICoS) Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Md Farhad Hassan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, 90089, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- The Institute for Technology and Medical Systems (ITEMS), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Jussi Hernesniemi
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33720, Finland
- Tampere Heart Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Xiao Hu
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Computer Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
| | - Nan Ji
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebrocardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, 999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yasser Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, 90089, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- The Institute for Technology and Medical Systems (ITEMS), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Spyridon Kontaxis
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation (BSICoS) Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ilkka Korhonen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33720, Finland
| | - Panicos A Kyriacou
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Laguna
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation (BSICoS) Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Lázaro
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation (BSICoS) Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Chungkeun Lee
- Digital Health Devices Division, Medical Device Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeremy Levy
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yumin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Analog Devices Inc, San Jose, CA 95124, United States of America
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Danilo P Mandic
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Vaidotas Marozas
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Elisa Mejía-Mejía
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom
| | - Ramakrishna Mukkamala
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Meir Nitzan
- Department of Physics/Electro-Optic Engineering, Lev Academic Center, 91160 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tania Pereira
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
| | | | - Jessica C Ramella-Roman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States of America
| | - Harri Saarinen
- Tampere Heart Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Md Mobashir Hasan Shandhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0187, United States of America
| | - Hangsik Shin
- Department of Digital Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Gerard Stansby
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Toshiyo Tamura
- Future Robotics Organization, Waseda University, Tokyo, 1698050, Japan
| | - Antti Vehkaoja
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33720, Finland
- PulseOn Ltd, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Will Ke Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0187, United States of America
| | - Yuan-Ting Zhang
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebrocardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, 999077, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dingchang Zheng
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5RW, United Kingdom
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
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22
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Valkeneers K, Raymakers J, Liu Q, Vanderspikken J, Wang Y, Kesters J, Quill TJ, Liu Z, Van den Brande N, Lutsen L, Vandewal K, Maes W. A tetrathienopyrrole-based ladder-type donor polymer for high-performance organic near-infrared cavity detectors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5704-5711. [PMID: 37792431 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01010d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors can afford detection at wavelengths beyond commercial silicon photodetectors. However, for each targeted near-infrared wavelength range, this requires individually optimized materials, which adds to the complexity and costs. Moreover, finding molecules with strong absorption beyond 1 μm that perform well in organic photodetectors remains a challenge. In microcavity devices, the detection window can be extended to wavelengths inaccessible for silicon without the need for new materials by adopting an intelligent design. Previous work has demonstrated the applicability of a dithienopyrrole-based donor polymer (PDTPQx) in such a cavity photodetector device, with a photoresponse up to 1200 nm. In this work, the π-conjugated backbone of the polymer is extended, affording higher hole mobility and better donor:acceptor intermixing. This leads to enhanced peak external quantum efficiencies up to 1450 nm. The (thermal noise limited) detectivities achieved with the PTTPQx polymer (1.07 × 1012 to 1.82 × 1010 Jones) are among the very best in the 900-1400 nm wavelength regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Valkeneers
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium.
- IMEC, Associated Lab IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
- Energyville, Thorpark, Genk 3600, Belgium
| | - Jorne Raymakers
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium.
- IMEC, Associated Lab IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
- Energyville, Thorpark, Genk 3600, Belgium
| | - Quan Liu
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium.
- IMEC, Associated Lab IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
- Energyville, Thorpark, Genk 3600, Belgium
| | - Jochen Vanderspikken
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium.
- IMEC, Associated Lab IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
- Energyville, Thorpark, Genk 3600, Belgium
| | - Yuming Wang
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium.
- IMEC, Associated Lab IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
- Energyville, Thorpark, Genk 3600, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Kesters
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium.
- IMEC, Associated Lab IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
- Energyville, Thorpark, Genk 3600, Belgium
| | - Tyler James Quill
- Stanford University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhen Liu
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Niko Van den Brande
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lutsen
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium.
- IMEC, Associated Lab IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
- Energyville, Thorpark, Genk 3600, Belgium
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium.
- IMEC, Associated Lab IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
- Energyville, Thorpark, Genk 3600, Belgium
| | - Wouter Maes
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium.
- IMEC, Associated Lab IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
- Energyville, Thorpark, Genk 3600, Belgium
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23
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Choi D, Seo JW, Yoon J, Yu SM, Kwon JD, Lee SK, Kim Y. Monolithic Integration of Semi-Transparent and Flexible Integrated Image Sensor Array with a-IGZO Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) and p-i-n Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Photodiodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2886. [PMID: 37947730 PMCID: PMC10648663 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to fabricating a transparent and flexible one-transistor-one-diode (1T-1D) image sensor array on a flexible colorless polyimide (CPI) film substrate is successfully demonstrated with laser lift-off (LLO) techniques. Leveraging transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) channel-based thin-film transistor (TFT) backplanes, vertically stacked p-i-n hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) photodiodes (PDs) utilizing a low-temperature (<90 °C) deposition process are integrated with a densely packed 14 × 14 pixel array. The low-temperature-processed a-Si:H photodiodes show reasonable performance with responsivity and detectivity for 31.43 mA/W and 3.0 × 1010 Jones (biased at -1 V) at a wavelength of 470 nm, respectively. The good mechanical durability and robustness of the flexible image sensor arrays enable them to be attached to a curved surface with bending radii of 20, 15, 10, and 5 mm and 1000 bending cycles, respectively. These studies show the significant promise of utilizing highly flexible and rollable active-matrix technology for the purpose of dynamically sensing optical signals in spatial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyeong Choi
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Surface Nano Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea; (D.C.); (J.-W.S.); (J.Y.); (J.-D.K.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woo Seo
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Surface Nano Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea; (D.C.); (J.-W.S.); (J.Y.); (J.-D.K.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Yoon
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Surface Nano Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea; (D.C.); (J.-W.S.); (J.Y.); (J.-D.K.)
| | - Seung Min Yu
- Analytical Research Division, Korea Basic Science Institute, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Dae Kwon
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Surface Nano Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea; (D.C.); (J.-W.S.); (J.Y.); (J.-D.K.)
| | - Seoung-Ki Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghun Kim
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Surface Nano Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea; (D.C.); (J.-W.S.); (J.Y.); (J.-D.K.)
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24
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Schardt J, Gerken M. Electrical characterization of optical resonance effects in laterally-nanostructured organic photodetectors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:36136-36149. [PMID: 38017769 DOI: 10.1364/oe.499349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices based on organic semiconductor materials are on the rise for sensing applications due to their integrability with a variety of substrates - including flexible substrates for wearables. For sensing applications often narrowband absorption is desired with suppression of light at other wavelengths. Here, we investigate narrowband absorption enhancement of organic photodetectors (OPD) with an integrated lateral nanostructure. We show with finite-element simulations, that resonant excitation of low absorbing wavelength regimes allow for up to 3 times the absolute absorption at wavelengths on resonance compared to wavelengths off resonance. We present experimental results for CuPc/C60 OPDs fabricated on grating nanostructures with periods of 350 nm and 400 nm and a grating depth of 140 nm as well as a grating period of 370 nm and grating depths of 30 nm. Angle-resolved transmission spectra clearly show the optical resonance effects. In order to evaluate the electrical resonance effects a measurement system is introduced based on angular laser excitation. An angular resolution of 0.1° is achieved in the analysis of the OPD photocurrent response. Using the measurement setup an increase of the photocurrent by up to 50% is observed for the TE-resonance. It is demonstrated that the resonance wavelength is tuned simply by adjusting the grating period without changes in the layer thicknesses. This opens up new opportunities in realizing pixels of different wavelength response next to each other employing a single active stack design.
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Xiao J, Wang Y, Yuan L, Long Y, Jiang Z, Liu Q, Gu D, Li W, Tai H, Jiang Y. Stabilizing Non-Fullerene Organic Photodiodes through Interface Engineering Enabled by a Tin Ion-Chelated Polymer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302976. [PMID: 37541299 PMCID: PMC10558641 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has energized the field of organic photodiodes (OPDs) and made major breakthroughs in their critical photoelectric characteristics. Yet, stabilizing inverted NF-OPDs remains challenging because of the intrinsic degradation induced by improper interfaces. Herein, a tin ion-chelated polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (denoted as PEIE-Sn) is proposed as a generic cathode interfacial layer (CIL) of NF-OPDs. The chelation between tin ions and nitrogen/oxygen atoms in PEIE-Sn contributes to the interface compatibility with efficient NFAs. The PEIE-Sn can effectively endow the devices with optimized cascade alignment and reduced interface defects. Consequently, the PEIE-Sn-OPD exhibits properties of anti-environmental interference, suppressed dark current, and accelerated interfacial electron extraction and transmission. As a result, the unencapsulated PEIE-Sn-OPD delivers high specific detection and fast response speed and shows only slight attenuation in photoelectric performance after exposure to air, light, and heat. Its superior performance outperforms the incumbent typical counterparts (ZnO, SnO2 , and PEIE as the CILs) from metrics of both stability and photoelectric characteristics. This finding suggests a promising strategy for stabilizing NF-OPDs by designing appropriate interface layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Liu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Yin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX)School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Qingxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Deen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Weizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Huiling Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Yadong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
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Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Zhou P, Zou Y, Yang J, Haick H, Wang Y. Soft Bioelectronics for Therapeutics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17634-17667. [PMID: 37677154 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Soft bioelectronics play an increasingly crucial role in high-precision therapeutics due to their softness, biocompatibility, clinical accuracy, long-term stability, and patient-friendliness. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest representative therapeutic applications of advanced soft bioelectronics, ranging from wearable therapeutics for skin wounds, diabetes, ophthalmic diseases, muscle disorders, and other diseases to implantable therapeutics against complex diseases, such as cardiac arrhythmias, cancer, neurological diseases, and others. We also highlight key challenges and opportunities for future clinical translation and commercialization of soft therapeutic bioelectronics toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongman Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhongtai Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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Lang W, Huang H, Yang L, Luo R, Wang Y, Xue B, Yang S. Polymer Complex Multilayers for Drug Delivery and Medical Devices. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3555-3565. [PMID: 37589742 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymer complex multilayers (PCMs) can be engineered into various structures with tunable properties via layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly driven by noncovalent forces. Due to their ease of preparation, capability of integrating multiple functional components, and excellent substrate compliance, biocompatible PCMs as coating materials or individual entities have attracted extensive attention in biomedical applications. This Spotlight on Applications presents recent progress on PCMs applied for drug delivery and medical devices. We provide several examples to address the importance of using PCM platforms to achieve controlled drug delivery including stimuli-triggered release, sustained release, and spatiotemporal sequential release. The effects of PCM coatings on the bioresponse regulation and performance enhancement of implantable devices are also highlighted. Moreover, the design and fabrication of flexible electrical and optical elements modified with LBL PCMs have been discussed, which demonstrates the great potential to advance emerging wearable devices for disease monitoring and health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Lang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Rifang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Bing Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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Zhang Q, Li C, Li H, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang X, Wang Y, Cheng F, Han H, Zhang P. A High-Precision Quartz Resonant Ultra-High Pressure Sensor with Integrated Pressure Conversion Structure. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1657. [PMID: 37763820 PMCID: PMC10536593 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A quartz resonant pressure sensor is proposed for high-precision measurement of ultra-high pressure. The resonant unit realizes a push-pull differential layout, which restrains the common-mode interference factor, and the resonator is only subject to axial force. The pressure conversion unit is made in an integrated manner, avoiding output drift problems caused by residual stress and small gaps during assembly, welding, and other processes in sensor preparation. Theoretical and simulation analysis was conducted on the overall design scheme of the sensor in this paper, verifying the feasibility. Sensor prototypes were created and performance experiments were conducted. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the ultra-high pressure sensor is 46.32 Hz/MPa at room temperature within the pressure range of 120 MPa, and the comprehensive accuracy is 0.0266%. The comprehensive accuracy of the sensor is better than 0.0288% FS in the full temperature range environment. This proves that the sensor scheme is suitable for high-precision and high-stability detection of ultra-high pressure, providing new solutions in special pressure measurement fields such as deep-sea and oil exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Zhang
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Cun Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Huafeng Li
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Fabin Cheng
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Haijun Han
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
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Zeng L, Gao G. Stretchable Organohydrogel with Adhesion, Self-Healing, and Environment-Tolerance for Wearable Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:28993-29003. [PMID: 37284783 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable hydrogels as landmark soft materials have been efficiently utilized in the field of wearable sensing devices. However, these soft hydrogels mostly cannot integrate transparency, stretchability, adhesiveness, self-healing, and environmental adaptability into one system. Herein, a fully physically cross-linked poly(hydroxyethyl acrylamide)-gelatin dual-network organohydrogel is prepared in a phytic acid-glycerol binary solvent via a rapid ultraviolet light initiation. The introduction of gelatin as the second network endows the organohydrogel with desirable mechanical performance (high stretchability up to 1240%). The presence of phytic acid not only synergizes with glycerol to impart environment-tolerance to the organohydrogel (from -20 to 60 °C) but also increases the conductivity. Moreover, the organohydrogel demonstrates a durable adhesive performance toward diverse substrates, a high self-healing efficiency through heat treatment, and favorable optical transparency (transmittance of 90%). Furthermore, the organohydrogel achieves high sensitivity (gauge factor of 2.18 at 100% strain) and rapid response time (80 ms) and could detect both tiny (a low detection limit of 0.25% strain) and large deformations. Therefore, the assembled organohydrogel-based wearable sensors are capable of monitoring human joint motions, facial expression, and voice signals. This work proposes a facile route for multifunctional organohydrogel transducers and promises the practical application of flexible wearable electronics in complex scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zeng
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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30
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Liao Q, Si W, Zhang J, Sun H, Qin L. In Situ Silver Nanonets for Flexible Stretchable Electrodes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119319. [PMID: 37298270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Shape-controlled synthesis is an effective method for controlling the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, especially single-crystal nanomaterials, but it is difficult to control the morphology of single-crystal metallic nanomaterials. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are regarded as key materials for the new generation of human-computer interaction, which can be applied in large-scale flexible and foldable devices, large-size touch screens, transparent LED films, photovoltaic cells, etc. When used on a large scale, the junction resistance will be generated at the overlap between AgNWs and the conductivity will decrease. When stretched, the overlap of AgNWs will be easily disconnected, which will lead to a decrease in electrical conductivity or even system failure. We propose that in situ silver nanonets (AgNNs) can solve the above two problems. The AgNNs exhibited excellent electrical conductivity (0.15 Ω∙sq-1, which was 0.2 Ω∙sq-1 lower than the 0.35 Ω∙sq-1 square resistance of AgNWs) and extensibility (the theoretical tensile rate was 53%). In addition to applications in flexible stretchable sensing and display industries, they also have the potential to be used as plasmonic materials in molecular recognition, catalysis, biomedicine and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Sensors, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement & Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Testing Technology, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Wei Si
- Key Laboratory of Sensors, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sensors, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Hanchen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sensors, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sensors, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement & Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Testing Technology, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
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Tai YC, An S, Huang PR, Jheng YT, Lee KC, Cheng HH, Kim M, Chang GE. Transfer-printing-enabled GeSn flexible resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors with strain-amplified mid-infrared optical responses. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7745-7754. [PMID: 37000582 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared (MIR) flexible photodetectors (FPDs) constitute an essential element for wearable applications, including health-care monitoring and biomedical detection. Compared with organic materials, inorganic semiconductors are promising candidates for FPDs owing to their superior performance as well as optoelectronic properties. Herein, for the first time, we present the use of transfer-printing techniques to enable a cost-effective, nontoxic GeSn MIR resonant-cavity-enhanced FPDs (RCE-FPDs) with strain-amplified optical responses. A narrow bandgap nontoxic GeSn nanomembrane was employed as the active layer, which was grown on a silicon-on-insulator substrate and then transfer-printed onto a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, eliminating the unwanted defects and residual compressive strain, to yield the MIR RCE-FPDs. In addition, a vertical cavity was created for the GeSn active layer to enhance the optical responsivity. Under bending conditions, significant tensile strain up to 0.274% was introduced into the GeSn active layer to effectively modulate the band structure, extend the photodetection in the MIR region, and substantially enhance the optical responsivity to 0.292 A W-1 at λ = 1770 nm, corresponding to an enhancement of 323% compared with the device under flat conditions. Moreover, theoretical simulations were performed to confirm the strain effect on the device performance. The results demonstrated high-performance, nontoxic MIR RCE-FPDs for applications in flexible photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh-Chen Tai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Shu An
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Po-Rei Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Yue-Tong Jheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Chih Lee
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, and Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Cheng
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, and Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Munho Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Guo-En Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, and Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Zhao Z, Lu Y, Mi Y, Zhu Q, Meng J, Wang X, Cao X, Wang N. Modular Design in Triboelectric Sensors: A Review on the Clinical Applications for Real-Time Diagnosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4194. [PMID: 37177395 PMCID: PMC10181202 DOI: 10.3390/s23094194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered considerable interest as a promising technology for energy harvesting and stimulus sensing. While TENGs facilitate the generation of electricity from micro-motions, the modular design of TENG-based modular sensing systems (TMSs) also offers significant potential for powering biosensors and other medical devices, thus reducing dependence on external power sources and enabling biological processes to be monitored in real time. Moreover, TENGs can be customised and personalized to address individual patient needs while ensuring biocompatibility and safety, ultimately enhancing the efficiency and security of diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we concentrate on recent advancements in the modular design of TMSs for clinical applications with an emphasis on their potential for personalised real-time diagnosis. We also examine the design and fabrication of TMSs, their sensitivity and specificity, and their capabilities of detecting biomarkers for disease diagnosis and monitoring. Furthermore, we investigate the application of TENGs to energy harvesting and real-time monitoring in wearable and implantable medical devices, underscore the promising prospects of personalised and modular TMSs in advancing real-time diagnosis for clinical applications, and offer insights into the future direction of this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequan Zhao
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yajun Mi
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiliang Zhu
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiajing Meng
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Park H, Sen A, Kaniselvan M, AlMutairi A, Bala A, Lee LP, Yoon Y, Kim S. A Wafer-Scale Nanoporous 2D Active Pixel Image Sensor Matrix with High Uniformity, High Sensitivity, and Rapid Switching. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210715. [PMID: 36807606 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
2D transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been successfully developed as novel ubiquitous optoelectronics owing to their excellent electrical and optical characteristics. However, active-matrix image sensors based on TMDs have limitations owing to the difficulty of fabricating large-area integrated circuitry and achieving high optical sensitivity. Herein, a large-area uniform, highly sensitive, and robust image sensor matrix with active pixels consisting of nanoporous molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) phototransistors and indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) switching transistors is reported. Large-area uniform 4-inch wafer-scale bilayer MoS2 films are synthesized by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and sulfurization processes and patterned to be a nanoporous structure consisting of an array of periodic nanopores on the MoS2 surface via block copolymer lithography. Edge exposure on the nanoporous bilayer MoS2 induces the formation of subgap states, which promotes a photogating effect to obtain an exceptionally high photoresponsivity of 5.2 × 104 A W-1 . A 4-inch-wafer-scale image mapping is successively achieved using this active-matrix image sensor by controlling the device sensing and switching states. The high-performance active-matrix image sensor is state-of-the-art in 2D material-based integrated circuitry and pixel image sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyeong Park
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Harvard Institute of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anamika Sen
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Manasa Kaniselvan
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN) & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - AbdulAziz AlMutairi
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN) & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Arindam Bala
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Luke P Lee
- Harvard Institute of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngki Yoon
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN) & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sunkook Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Li H, Lim S. Self-poled and transparent polyvinylidene fluoride- co-hexafluoropropylene-based piezoelectric devices for printable and flexible electronics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4581-4590. [PMID: 36762549 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05986j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transparent and flexible energy supply devices are becoming increasingly important for human interfaces as the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to grow. In this study, self-poled and transparent piezoelectric nanogenerators (ST-PENGs) based on 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFOES) and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) composite films were prepared via extrusion printing, where PFOES induces the transformation of PVDF-HFP chains, exhibiting a higher β-phase content and remarkable piezoelectric properties. The hydrogen bonding interaction between the PVDF-HFP matrix and the PFOES agents causes a clear transition from phase to phase, as evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. Moreover, the PFOES content influences the β-phase content, with 10 wt% of PFOES enabling the induction of the β-phase content up to 82.7%. The proposed ST-PENGs generate an excellent output voltage, power, and sensitivity of ∼6.2 V, ∼6.9 μW cm-2, and ∼131.3 mV N-1, respectively, exhibiting a record-high improvement compared with previously reported PENGs. These ST-PENGs also offer significant promise in tracking human activity and recovering biomechanical energy. This study may provide insight into the development of transparent and flexible piezoelectric devices to achieve high-performance self-powered electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sooman Lim
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Sun F, Jiang H, Wang H, Zhong Y, Xu Y, Xing Y, Yu M, Feng LW, Tang Z, Liu J, Sun H, Wang H, Wang G, Zhu M. Soft Fiber Electronics Based on Semiconducting Polymer. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4693-4763. [PMID: 36753731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibers, originating from nature and mastered by human, have woven their way throughout the entire history of human civilization. Recent developments in semiconducting polymer materials have further endowed fibers and textiles with various electronic functions, which are attractive in applications such as information interfacing, personalized medicine, and clean energy. Owing to their ability to be easily integrated into daily life, soft fiber electronics based on semiconducting polymers have gained popularity recently for wearable and implantable applications. Herein, we present a review of the previous and current progress in semiconducting polymer-based fiber electronics, particularly focusing on smart-wearable and implantable areas. First, we provide a brief overview of semiconducting polymers from the viewpoint of materials based on the basic concepts and functionality requirements of different devices. Then we analyze the existing applications and associated devices such as information interfaces, healthcare and medicine, and energy conversion and storage. The working principle and performance of semiconducting polymer-based fiber devices are summarized. Furthermore, we focus on the fabrication techniques of fiber devices. Based on the continuous fabrication of one-dimensional fiber and yarn, we introduce two- and three-dimensional fabric fabricating methods. Finally, we review challenges and relevant perspectives and potential solutions to address the related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yueheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yiman Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Muhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Structural Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Liang-Wen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effects and Electro-Optical Engineering, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Hengda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Song J, Tang G, Cao J, Liu H, Zhao Z, Griggs S, Yang A, Wang N, Cheng H, Liu CK, McCulloch I, Yan F. Perovskite Solar Cell-Gated Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Flexible Photodetectors with Ultrahigh Sensitivity and Fast Response. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207763. [PMID: 36373546 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors (PDs) are the building block of various imaging and sensing applications. However, commercially available PDs based on crystalline inorganic semiconductors cannot meet the requirements of emerging wearable/implantable applications due to their rigidity and fragility, which creates the need for flexible devices. Here, a high-performance flexible PD is presented by gating an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) with a perovskite solar cell. Due to the ultrahigh transconductance of the OECT, the device demonstrates a high gain of ≈106 , a fast response time of 67 µs and an ultrahigh detectivity of 6.7 × 1017 Jones to light signals under a low working voltage (≤0.6 V). Thanks to the ultrahigh sensitivity and fast response, the device can track photoplethysmogram signals and peripheral oxygen saturation under ambient light and even provide contactless remote sensing, offering a low-power and convenient way for continuous vital signs monitoring. This work offers a novel strategy for realizing high-performance flexible PDs that are promising for low-power, user-friendly and wearable optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Song
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Guanqi Tang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jiupeng Cao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Sophie Griggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Anneng Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Naixiang Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Cheng
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Ki Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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37
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Liu J, Wang J, Xian K, Zhao W, Zhou Z, Li S, Ye L. Organic and quantum dot hybrid photodetectors: towards full-band and fast detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:260-269. [PMID: 36510729 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05281d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Photodetectors hold great application potential in many fields such as image sensing, night vision, infrared communication and health monitoring. To date, commercial photodetectors mainly rely on inorganic semiconductors, e.g., monocrystalline silicon, germanium, and indium selenide/gallium with complex and costly fabrication, which are hardly compatible with wearable electronics. In contrast, organic conjugated materials provide great superiority in flexibility and stretchability. In this Highlight, the unique properties of organic and quantum dot photodetectors were firstly discussed to reveal the great complementarity of the two technologies. Subsequently, the recent advance of organic/quantum dot hybrid photodetectors was outlined to highlight their great potential in developing broadband and high-performance photodetectors. Moreover, the multiple functions (e.g., dual-band detection and upconversion detection) of hybrid photodetectors were highlighted for their promising application in image sensing and infrared detection. Lastly, we present a forword-looking discussion on the challenges and our insights for the further advancement of hybrid photodetectors. This work may spark enormous research attention in organic/quantum dot electronics and advance the commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Shaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
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Tung TT, Tran MT, Pereira AL, Cordeiro CM, Nguyen DD, Tai NH, Tran VV, Hsu CC, Joshi P, Yoshimura M, Feller JF, Castro M, Hassan K, Nine MJ, Stanley N, Losic D. Graphene woven fabric-polydimethylsiloxane piezoresistive films for smart multi-stimuli responses. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 221:112940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shan T, Hou X, Yin X, Guo X. Organic photodiodes: device engineering and applications. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2022; 15:49. [PMID: 36637681 PMCID: PMC9763529 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00049-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic photodiodes (OPDs) have shown great promise for potential applications in optical imaging, sensing, and communication due to their wide-range tunable photoelectrical properties, low-temperature facile processes, and excellent mechanical flexibility. Extensive research work has been carried out on exploring materials, device structures, physical mechanisms, and processing approaches to improve the performance of OPDs to the level of their inorganic counterparts. In addition, various system prototypes have been built based on the exhibited and attractive features of OPDs. It is vital to link the device optimal design and engineering to the system requirements and examine the existing deficiencies of OPDs towards practical applications, so this review starts from discussions on the required key performance metrics for different envisioned applications. Then the fundamentals of the OPD device structures and operation mechanisms are briefly introduced, and the latest development of OPDs for improving the key performance merits is reviewed. Finally, the trials of OPDs for various applications including wearable medical diagnostics, optical imagers, spectrometers, and light communications are reviewed, and both the promises and challenges are revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shan
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaokuan Yin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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40
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Zhao Z, Lu Y, Mi Y, Meng J, Cao X, Wang N. Structural Flexibility in Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Review on the Adaptive Design for Self-Powered Systems. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101586. [PMID: 36295939 PMCID: PMC9610431 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for structural flexibility in self-powered wearable electronics and other Internet of Things (IoT), where adaptable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) play a key role in realizing the true potential of IoT by endowing the latter with self-sustainability. Thus, in this review, the topic was restricted to the adaptive design of TENGs with structural flexibility that aims to promote the sustainable operation of various smart electronics. This review begins with an emphatical discussion of the concept of flexible electronics and TENGs, and continues with the introduction of TENG-based self-powered intelligent systems while placing the emphasis on self-powered flexible intelligent devices. Self-powered healthcare sensors, e-skins, and other intelligent wearable electronics with enhanced intelligence and efficiency in practical applications due to the integration with TENGs are illustrated, along with an emphasis on the design strategy of structural flexibility of TENGs and the associated integration schemes. This review aims to cover recent achievements in the field of self-powered systems, and provides information on how flexibility or adaptability in TENGs can be adopted, their types, and why they are required in promoting advanced IoT applications with sustainability and intelligence algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequan Zhao
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yajun Mi
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiajing Meng
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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41
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Zhang Z, Geng Y, Cao S, Chen Z, Gao H, Zhu X, Zhang X, Wu Y. Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Polymer Microwire Arrays toward Wearable Medical Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41257-41263. [PMID: 36044649 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer micro/nanoarchitectures have attracted intense interest for wearable medical applications due to their excellent mechanical flexibility, solution processability, and tunable optoelectronic properties. Based on polymer micro/nanostructures, high-performance ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors can not only functionalize the accurate image sensing but also sustain the biocomfortable flexible devices for real-time health monitoring. The main challenges are focused on the integration of medical wearable devices, which requires large-scale assembly of polymer micro/nanostructures with controlled morphology and strict alignment. Herein, we utilized a confined assembly system through the cautious regulation for the growth of high-quality polymer 1D arrays. UV photodetectors based on these polymer microwire arrays perform a high on/off ratio of 137 and responsivity of 19.1 mA W-1. Polymer microarray photodetectors facilitate the scale-up fabrication of 14 × 18 multiplexed image sensors for highly accurate capturing the signals of Arabic numerals "1," "2," and "3." Flexible UV photodetectors based on these arrays present excellent flexibility and bending durability, maintaining 97% of their original on/off ratio after 4000 cycles with a 10 mm bending radius. UV photodetection signals were also collected from the attached flexible devices on the back skin of the mouse, demonstrating the great potential in wearable medical photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yue Geng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Cao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P. R. China
| | - Xuanbo Zhu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P. R. China
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42
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Xiang L, Wang Y, Xia F, Liu F, He D, Long G, Zeng X, Liang X, Jin C, Wang Y, Pan A, Peng LM, Hu Y. An epidermal electronic system for physiological information acquisition, processing, and storage with an integrated flash memory array. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8075. [PMID: 35977018 PMCID: PMC9385141 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal electronic systems that simultaneously provide physiological information acquisition, processing, and storage are in high demand for health care/clinical applications. However, these system-level demonstrations using flexible devices are still challenging because of obstacles in device performance, functional module construction, or integration scale. Here, on the basis of carbon nanotubes, we present an epidermal system that incorporates flexible sensors, sensor interface circuits, and an integrated flash memory array to collect physiological information from the human body surface; amplify weak biosignals by high-performance differential amplifiers (voltage gain of 27 decibels, common-mode rejection ratio of >43 decibels, and gain bandwidth product of >22 kilohertz); and store the processed information in the memory array with performance on par with industrial standards (retention time of 108 seconds, program/erase voltages of ±2 volts, and endurance of 106 cycles). The results shed light on the great application potential of epidermal electronic systems in personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yuru Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Daliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guanhua Long
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangwen Zeng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuelei Liang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chuanhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Anlian Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, China
| | - Youfan Hu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Corresponding author.
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43
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Jiang W, Yu X, Li C, Zhang X, Zhang G, Liu Z, Zhang D. Fluoro-substituted DPP-bisthiophene conjugated polymer with azides in the side chains as ambipolar semiconductor and photoresist. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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44
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Li D, Jia Z, Tang Y, Song C, Liang K, Ren H, Li F, Chen Y, Wang Y, Lu X, Meng L, Zhu B. Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Phototransistor Array with Enhanced Photogating Effect for Dynamic Near-Infrared Light Sensing and Image Preprocessing. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5434-5442. [PMID: 35766590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Narrow-band-gap organic semiconductors have emerged as appealing near-infrared (NIR) sensing materials by virtue of their unique optoelectronic properties. However, their limited carrier mobility impedes the implementation of large-area, dynamic NIR sensor arrays. In this work, high-performance inorganic-organic hybrid phototransistor arrays are achieved for NIR sensing, by taking advantage of the high electron mobility of In2O3 and the strong NIR absorption of a BTPV-4F:PTB7-Th bulk heterojunction (BHJ) with an enhanced photogating effect. As a result, the hybrid phototransistors reach a high responsivity of 1393.0 A W-1, a high specific detectivity of 4.8 × 1012 jones, and a fast response of 0.72 ms to NIR light (900 nm). Meanwhile, an integrated 16 × 16 phototransistor array with a one-transistor-one-phototransistor (1T1PT) architecture is achieved. On the basis of the enhanced photogating effect, the phototransistor array can not only achieve real-time, dynamic NIR light mapping but also implement image preprocessing, which is promising for advanced NIR image sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingwei Li
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenrong Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Tang
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Song
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Liang
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Ren
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanfan Li
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong Chen
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
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45
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Wang Y, Haick H, Guo S, Wang C, Lee S, Yokota T, Someya T. Skin bioelectronics towards long-term, continuous health monitoring. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3759-3793. [PMID: 35420617 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00207h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Skin bioelectronics are considered as an ideal platform for personalised healthcare because of their unique characteristics, such as thinness, light weight, good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical robustness, and great skin conformability. Recent advances in skin-interfaced bioelectronics have promoted various applications in healthcare and precision medicine. Particularly, skin bioelectronics for long-term, continuous health monitoring offer powerful analysis of a broad spectrum of health statuses, providing a route to early disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we discuss (1) representative healthcare sensing devices, (2) material and structure selection, device properties, and wireless technologies of skin bioelectronics towards long-term, continuous health monitoring, (3) healthcare applications: acquisition and analysis of electrophysiological, biophysical, and biochemical signals, and comprehensive monitoring, and (4) rational guidelines for the design of future skin bioelectronics for long-term, continuous health monitoring. Long-term, continuous health monitoring of advanced skin bioelectronics will open unprecedented opportunities for timely disease prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment, demonstrating great promise to revolutionise traditional medical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 32000, Israel.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shuyang Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Chunya Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Sunghoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Yang W, Xin K, Yang J, Xu Q, Shan C, Wei Z. 2D Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductors: Odyssey and Challenges. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101348. [PMID: 35277948 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors have aroused increasing interest in the field of high-power transparent electronic devices, deep-ultraviolet photodetectors, flexible electronic skins, and energy-efficient displays, owing to their intriguing physical properties. Compared with dominant narrow bandgap semiconductor material families, 2D UWBG semiconductors are less investigated but stand out because of their propensity for high optical transparency, tunable electrical conductivity, high mobility, and ultrahigh gate dielectrics. At the current stage of research, the most intensively investigated 2D UWBG semiconductors are metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, metal halides, and metal nitrides. This paper provides an up-to-date review of recent research progress on new 2D UWBG semiconductor materials and novel physical properties. The widespread applications, i.e., transistors, photodetector, touch screen, and inverter are summarized, which employ 2D UWBG semiconductors as either a passive or active layer. Finally, the existing challenges and opportunities of the enticing class of 2D UWBG semiconductors are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kaiyao Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Juehan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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Li WD, Ke K, Jia J, Pu JH, Zhao X, Bao RY, Liu ZY, Bai L, Zhang K, Yang MB, Yang W. Recent Advances in Multiresponsive Flexible Sensors towards E-skin: A Delicate Design for Versatile Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103734. [PMID: 34825473 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiresponsive flexile sensors with strain, temperature, humidity, and other sensing abilities serving as real electronic skin (e-skin) have manifested great application potential in flexible electronics, artificial intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT). Although numerous flexible sensors with sole sensing function have already been reported since the concept of e-skin, that mimics the sensing features of human skin, was proposed about a decade ago, the ones with more sensing capacities as new emergences are urgently demanded. However, highly integrated and highly sensitive flexible sensors with multiresponsive functions are becoming a big thrust for the detection of human body motions, physiological signals (e.g., skin temperature, blood pressure, electrocardiograms (ECG), electromyograms (EMG), sweat, etc.) and environmental stimuli (e.g., light, magnetic field, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), which are vital to real-time and all-round human health monitoring and management. Herein, this review summarizes the design, manufacturing, and application of multiresponsive flexible sensors and presents the future challenges of fabricating these sensors for the next-generation e-skin and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Di Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Kai Ke
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jin Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jun-Hong Pu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Rui-Ying Bao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Lu Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
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48
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Song L, Chen J, Xu BB, Huang Y. Flexible Plasmonic Biosensors for Healthcare Monitoring: Progress and Prospects. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18822-18847. [PMID: 34841852 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The noble metal nanoparticle has been widely utilized as a plasmonic unit to enhance biosensors, by leveraging its electric and/or optical properties. Integrated with the "flexible" feature, it further enables opportunities in developing healthcare products in a conformal and adaptive fashion, such as wrist pulse tracers, body temperature trackers, blood glucose monitors, etc. In this work, we present a holistic review of the recent advance of flexible plasmonic biosensors for the healthcare sector. The technical spectrum broadly covers the design and selection of a flexible substrate, the process to integrate flexible and plasmonic units, the exploration of different types of flexible plasmonic biosensors to monitor human temperature, blood glucose, ions, gas, and motion indicators, as well as their applications for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and colorimetric detections. Their fundamental working principles and structural innovations are scoped and summarized. The challenges and prospects are articulated regarding the critical importance for continued progress of flexible plasmonic biosensors to improve living quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Song
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chines Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Ben Bin Xu
- Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Youju Huang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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49
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Wang J, Wang C, Cai P, Luo Y, Cui Z, Loh XJ, Chen X. Artificial Sense Technology: Emulating and Extending Biological Senses. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18671-18678. [PMID: 34881877 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological senses are critical for the survival of organisms. A great deal of attention has focused on elucidating the underlying physiological mechanisms of the senses, inspiring various sensing techniques. Despite progress in this area, gaps remain between the biological senses and conventional sensing techniques. In this Perspective, we propose the concept of artificial sense technology, which mimics the biological senses but differs in terms of objective sensing and intelligent feedback capabilities. We first summarize recent progress in the use of nanotechnologies to emulate the biological senses and then outline the advantages of artificial sense technology, which extend the capabilities of its biological counterparts. We envision artificial sense technology as a powerful perceptual interface that will play key roles in sensation substitution, digital healthcare, animal interactions, plant electronics, smart robots, and other areas that enrich the connections of the physical and virtual worlds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Cong Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Pingqiang Cai
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yifei Luo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Zequn Cui
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
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Takakuwa M, Fukuda K, Yokota T, Inoue D, Hashizume D, Umezu S, Someya T. Direct gold bonding for flexible integrated electronics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabl6228. [PMID: 34936437 PMCID: PMC8694591 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stable interconnections are critical for the next generation of shape-conformable and wearable electronics. These interconnections should have metal-like conductivity and sufficiently low stiffness that does not compromise the flexibility of the device; moreover, they must be achieved using low-temperature processes to prevent device damage. However, conventional interconnection bonding methods require additional adhesive layers, making it challenging to achieve these characteristics simultaneously. Here, we develop and characterize water vapor plasma–assisted bonding (WVPAB) that enables direct bonding of gold electrodes deposited on ultrathin polymer films. WVPAB bonds rough gold electrodes at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in ambient air. Hydroxyl groups generated by the plasma assist bonding between two gold surfaces, allowing the formation of a strong and stable interface. The applicability of WVPAB-mediated connections to ultrathin electronic systems was also demonstrated, and ultraflexible organic photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes fabricated on separate films were successfully interconnected via ultrathin wiring films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Takakuwa
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Daishi Inoue
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Umezu
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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