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Liu S, Wu Y, Jiang L, Xie W, Davis B, Wang M, Zhang L, Liu Y, Xing S, Dickey MD, Bai W. Highly Stretchable, Tissue-like Ag Nanowire-Enhanced Ionogel Nanocomposites as an Ionogel-Based Wearable Sensor for Body Motion Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39087831 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of wearable electronic devices for human health monitoring requires materials with high mechanical performance and sensitivity. In this study, we present a novel transparent tissue-like ionogel-based wearable sensor based on silver nanowire-reinforced ionogel nanocomposites, P(AAm-co-AA) ionogel-Ag NWs composite. The composite exhibits a high stretchability of 605% strain and a moderate fracture stress of about 377 kPa. The sensor also demonstrates a sensitive response to temperature changes and electrostatic adsorption. By encapsulating the nanocomposite in a polyurethane transparent film dressing, we address issues such as skin irritation and enable multidirectional stretching. Measuring resistive changes of the ionogel nanocomposite in response to corresponding strain changes enables its utility as a highly stretchable wearable sensor with excellent performance in sensitivity, stability, and repeatability. The fabricated pressure sensor array exhibits great proficiency in stress distribution, capacitance sensing, and discernment of fluctuations in both external electric fields and stress. Our findings suggest that this material holds promise for applications in wearable and flexible strain sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Department of Applied Physical Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Yizhang Wu
- Department of Applied Physical Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Wanrong Xie
- Department of Applied Physical Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Brayden Davis
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Meixiang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Applied Physical Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Applied Physical Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Sicheng Xing
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Wubin Bai
- Department of Applied Physical Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
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2
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Li H, Xu F, Li Y, Sun J. Self-Healing Ionogel-Enabled Self-Healing and Wide-Temperature Flexible Zinc-Air Batteries with Ultra-Long Cycling Lives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402193. [PMID: 38569521 PMCID: PMC11220675 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based zinc-air batteries (ZABs) are promising flexible rechargeable batteries. However, the practical application of hydrogel-based ZABs is limited by their short service life, narrow operating temperature range, and repair difficulty. Herein, a self-healing ionogel is synthesized by the photopolymerization of acrylamide and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether acrylate in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide with zinc acetate dihydrate and first used as an electrolyte to fabricate self-healing ZABs. The obtained self-healing ionogel has a wide operating temperature range, good environmental and electrochemical stability, high ionic conductivity, satisfactory mechanical strength, repeatable and efficient self-healing properties enabled by the reversibility of hydrogen bonding, and the ability to inhibit the production of dendrites and by-products. Notably, the self-healing ionogel has the highest ionic conductivity and toughness compared to other reported self-healing ionogels. The prepared self-healing ionogel is used to assemble self-healing flexible ZABs with a wide operating temperature range. These ZABs have ultra-long cycling lives and excellent stability under harsh conditions. After being damaged, the ZABs can repeatedly self-heal to recover their battery performance, providing a long-lasting and reliable power supply for wearable devices. This work opens new opportunities for the development of electrolytes for ZABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Fuchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Junqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
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3
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu S, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Zhu T, Miao YE, Willenbacher N, Zhang C, Liu T. Thermal-Rectified Gradient Porous Polymeric Film for Solar-Thermal Regulatory Cooling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400102. [PMID: 38606728 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Solar-thermal regulation concerning thermal insulation and solar modulation is pivotal for cooling textiles and smart buildings. Nevertheless, a contradiction arises in balancing the demand to prevent external heat infiltration with the efficient dissipation of excess heat from enclosed spaces. Here, a concentration-gradient polymerization strategy is presented for fabricating a gradient porous polymeric film comprising interconnected polymeric microspheres. This method involves establishing an electric field-driven gradient distribution of charged crosslinkers in the precursor solution, followed by subsequent polymerization and freeze-drying processes. The resulting porous film exhibits a significant porosity gradient along its thickness, leading to exceptional unidirectional thermal insulation capabilities with a thermal rectification factor of 21%. The gradient porous film, with its thermal rectification properties, effectively reconciles the conflicting demands of diverse thermal conductivity for cooling unheated and spontaneously heated enclosed spaces. Consequently, the gradient porous film demonstrates remarkable enhancements in solar-thermal management, achieving temperature reductions of 3.0 and 4.1 °C for unheated and spontaneously heated enclosed spaces, respectively, compared to uniform porous films. The developed gradient-structured porous film thus holds promise for the development of thermal-rectified materials tailored to regulate solar-thermal conditions within enclosed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, 999077, P.R. China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, 999077, P.R. China
| | - Qisen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yue-E Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Norbert Willenbacher
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P.R. China
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Yu Q, Fang Z, Luan S, Wang L, Shi H. Biological applications of lipoic acid-based polymers: an old material with new promise. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4574-4583. [PMID: 38683108 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00581c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) is a versatile antioxidant that has been used in the treatment of various oxidation-reduction diseases over the past 70 years. Owing to its large five-membered ring tension, the dynamic disulfide bond of LA is highly active, enabling the formation of poly(lipoic acid) (PLA) via ring-opening polymerization (ROP). Herein, we first summarize disulfide-mediated ROP polymerization strategies, providing basic routes for designing and preparing PLA-based materials. PLA, as a biologically derived, low toxic, and easily modified material, possesses dynamic disulfide bonds and universal non-covalent carboxyl groups. We also shed light on the biomedical applications of PLA-based materials based on their biological and structural features and further divide recent works into six categories: antibacterial, anti-inflammation, anticancer, adhesive, flexible electronics, and 3D-printed tissue scaffolds. Finally, the challenges and future prospects associated with the biomedical applications of PLA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyue Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shifang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Hengchong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Hao S, Chen Z, Li H, Yuan J, Chen X, Sidorenko A, Huang J, Gu Y. Skin-Inspired, Highly Sensitive, Broad-Range-Response and Ultra-Strong Gradient Ionogels Prepared by Electron Beam Irradiation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309931. [PMID: 38102094 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Skin, characterized by its distinctive gradient structure and interwoven fibers, possesses remarkable mechanical properties and highly sensitive attributes, enabling it to detect an extensive range of stimuli. Inspired by these inherent qualities, a pioneering approach involving the crosslinking of macromolecules through in situ electron beam irradiation (EBI) is proposed to fabricate gradient ionogels. Such a design offers remarkable mechanical properties, including excellent tensile properties (>1000%), exceptional toughness (100 MJ m-3), fatigue resistance, a broad temperature range (-65-200°C), and a distinctive gradient modulus change. Moreover, the ionogel sensor exhibits an ultra-fast response time (60 ms) comparable to skin, an incredibly low detection limit (1 kPa), and an exceptionally wide detection range (1 kPa-1 MPa). The exceptional gradient ionogel material holds tremendous promise for applications in the field of smart sensors, presenting a distinct strategy for fabricating flexible gradient materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyan Chen
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Haozhe Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jushigang Yuan
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xihao Chen
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Alexander Sidorenko
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220084, Belarus
| | - Jiang Huang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Gu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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Bi X, Yao M, Huang Z, Wang Z, Shen H, Wong CP, Jiang C. Biomimetic Electronic Skin Based on a Stretchable Ionogel Mechanoreceptor Composed of Crumpled Conductive Rubber Electrodes for Synchronous Strain, Pressure, and Temperature Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38592053 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) is showing a huge potential in human-computer interaction, intelligent robots, human health, motion monitoring, etc. However, it is still challenging for e-skin to realize distinguishable detection of stretching strain, vertical pressure, and temperature through a simple noncoupling structure design. Here, a stretchable multimodal biomimetic e-skin was fabricated by integrating layer-by-layer self-assembled crumpled reduced graphene oxide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes film on natural rubber (RGO/MWCNTs@NR) as stretchable conductive electrodes and polyacrylamide/NaCl ionogel as a dielectric layer into an ionotropic capacitive mechanoreceptor. Unlike natural skin receptors, the sandwich-like stretchable ionogel mechanoreceptor possessed a distinct ionotropic capacitive behavior for strain and pressure detection. The results showed that the biomimetic e-skin displayed a negative capacitance change with superior stretchability (0-300%) and a high gauge factor of 0.27 in 180-300% strain, while exhibiting a normal positive piezo-capacitance behavior in vertical pressure range of 0-15 kPa with a maximal sensitivity of 1.759 kPa-1. Based on this feature, the biomimetic e-skin showed an excellent synchronous detection capability of planar strain and vertical pressure in practical wearable applications such as gesture recognition and grasping movement detection without a complicated mathematical or signal decoupling process. In addition, the biomimetic e-skin exhibited a quantifiable linear responsiveness to temperature from 20-90 °C with a temperature coefficient of 0.55%/°C. These intriguing properties gave the biomimetic e-skin the ability to perform a complete function similar to natural skin but beyond its performance for future wearable devices and artificial intelligence devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Bi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Manzhao Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhaoyan Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zuhao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Can Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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7
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Wang M, Wang X, He Z, Liu Z, Chen R, Wang K, Wu J, Han J, Zhao S, Chen Y, Liu J. Stretchable, Washable, and Anti-Ultraviolet i-Textile-Based Wearable Device for Motion Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:13052-13059. [PMID: 38414333 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Smart textiles with multifunction and highly stable performance are essential for their application in wearable electronics. Despite the advancement of various smart textiles through the decoration of conductive materials on textile surfaces, improving their stability and functionality remains a challenging topic. In this study, we developed an ionic textile (i-textile) with air permeability, water resistance, UV resistance, and sensing capabilities through in situ photopolymerization of ionogel onto the textile surface. The i-textile presents air permeability comparable to that of bare textile while possessing enhanced UV resistance. Remarkably, the i-textile maintains excellent electrical properties after washing 20 times or being subjected to 300 stretching cycles at 30% tension. When applied to human joint motion detection, the i-textile-based sensors can effectively distinguish joint motion based on their sensitivity and response speed. This research presents a novel method for developing smart textiles that further advances wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xuerong Wang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zixi He
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jicai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jikun Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Juqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
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8
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Li HN, Zhang C, Yang HC, Liang HQ, Wang Z, Xu ZK. Solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers: rising-star platforms for flexible intelligent devices. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1152-1176. [PMID: 38165799 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Soft ionic conductors have emerged as a powerful toolkit to engineer transparent flexible intelligent devices that go beyond their conventional counterparts. Particularly, due to their superior capacities of eliminating the evaporation, freezing and leakage issues of the liquid phase encountered with hydrogels, organohydrogels and ionogels, the emerging solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers have been largely recognized as ideal candidates for intelligent flexible devices. However, despite their extensive development, a comprehensive and timely review in this emerging field is lacking, particularly from the perspective of design principles, advanced manufacturing, and distinctive applications. Herein, we present (1) the design principles and intriguing merits of solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers; (2) the methods to manufacture solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers with preferential architectures and functions using advanced technologies such as 3D printing; (3) how to leverage solid-state, liquid-free ion-conducting elastomers in exploiting advanced applications, especially in the fields of flexible wearable sensors, bioelectronics and energy harvesting; (4) what are the unsolved scientific and technical challenges and future opportunities in this multidisciplinary field. We envision that this review will provide a paradigm shift to trigger insightful thinking and innovation in the development of intelligent flexible devices and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Hao-Cheng Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Hong-Qing Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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9
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Li S, Cheng Y, Zhu H, Xu M, Lv H, Wang Z, Liu G, Song H. Strain-Induced Phase Separation and Mechanomodulation of Ionic Conduction in Anisotropic Nanocomposite Ionogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38422366 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Ionogels have great potential for the development of tissue-like, soft, and stretchable ionotronics. However, conventional isotropic ionogels suffer from poor mechanical properties, low efficient force transmission, and tardy mechanoelectric response, hindering their practical utility. Here, we propose a simple one-step method to fabricate bioinspired anisotropic nanocomposite ionogels based on a combination of strain-induced phase separation and mechanomodulation of ionic conduction in the presence of attapulgite nanorods. These ionogels show high stretchability (747.1% strain), tensile strength (6.42 MPa), Young's modulus (83.49 MPa), and toughness (18.08 MJ/m3). Importantly, the liquid crystalline domain alignment-induced microphase separation and ionic conductivity enhancement during stretching endow these ionogels with an unusual mechanoelectric response and dual-programmable shape-memory properties. Moreover, the anisotropic structure, good elasticity, and unique resistance-strain responsiveness give the ionogel-based strain sensors high sensitivity, rapid response time, excellent fatigue resistance, and unique waveform-discernible strain sensing, which can be applied to real-time monitoring of human motions. The findings offer a promising way to develop bioinspired anisotropic ionogels to modulate the microstructure and properties for practical applications in advanced ionotronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijie Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongnan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Min Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongying Lv
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
| | - Guoming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongzan Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, P. R. China
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10
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Xia Y, Zhu Y, Zhi X, Guo W, Yang B, Zhang S, Li M, Wang X, Pan C. Transparent Self-Healing Anti-Freezing Ionogel for Monolayered Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Electromagnetic Energy-Based Touch Panel. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308424. [PMID: 38038698 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The advent of Internet of Things and artificial intelligence era necessitates the advancement of self-powered electronics. However, prevalent multifunctional electronics still face great challenges in rigid electrodes, stacked layers, and external power sources to restrict the development in flexible electronics. Here, a transparent, self-healing, anti-freezing (TSA) ionogel composed of fluorine-rich ionic liquid and fluorocarbon elastomer, which is engineered for monolayered triboelectric nanogenerators (M-TENG) and electromagnetic energy-based touch panels is developed. Notably, the TSA-ionogel exhibits remarkable features including outstanding transparency (90%), anti-freezing robustness (253 K), impressive stretchability (600%), and repetitive self-healing capacity. The resultant M-TENG achieves a significant output power density (200 mW m-2 ) and sustains operational stability beyond 1 year. Leveraging this remarkable performance, the M-TENG is adeptly harnessed for biomechanical energy harvesting, self-powered control interface, electroluminescent devices, and enabling wireless control over electrical appliances. Furthermore, harnessing Faraday's induction law and exploiting human body's intrinsic antenna properties, the TSA-ionogel seamlessly transforms into an autonomous multifunctional epidermal touch panel. This touch panel offers impeccable input capabilities through word inscription and participation in the Chinese game of Go. Consequently, the TSA-ionogel's innovation holds the potential to reshape the trajectory of next-generation electronics and profoundly revolutionize the paradigm of human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xia
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Zhi
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Guo
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Biao Yang
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
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11
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Liang X, Zhang X, Hu Z, Sun Q, Liu M, Gu P, Yang X, Huang J, Zu G. Broad-Range-Response Battery-Type All-in-one Self-Powered Stretchable Pressure-Sensitive Electronic Skin. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305925. [PMID: 37821402 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive self-powered stretchable electronic skins with the capability of detecting broad-range dynamic and static pressures are urgently needed with the increasing demands for miniaturized wearable electronics, robots, artificial intelligence, etc. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve this kind of electronic skins. Here, unprecedented battery-type all-in-one self-powered stretchable electronic skins with a novel structure composed of pressure-sensitive elastic vanadium pentoxide (V2 O5 ) nanowire-based porous cathode, elastic porous polyurethane /carbon nanotube/polypyrrole anode, and polyacrylamide ionic gel electrolyte are reported. A new battery-type self-powered pressure sensing mechanism involving the output current variation caused by the resistance variation of the electrodes and electrolytes under external pressure is revealed. The battery-type self-powered electronic skins combining high sensitivity, broad response range (1.8 Pa-1.5 MPa), high fatigue resistance, and excellent stability against stretching (50% tensile strain) are achieved for the first time. This work provides a new and versatile battery-type sensing strategy for the design of next-generation all-in-one self-powered miniaturized sensors and electronic skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Muxiang Liu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Puzhong Gu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Zu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
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12
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Das GS, Tripathi VK, Dwivedi J, Jangir LK, Tripathi KM. Nanocarbon-based sensors for the structural health monitoring of smart biocomposites. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1490-1525. [PMID: 38186362 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05522a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a critical aspect of ensuring the safety and durability of smart biocomposite materials used as multifunctional materials. Smart biocomposites are composed of renewable or biodegradable materials and have emerged as eco-friendly alternatives of traditional non-biodegradable glass fiber-based composite materials. Although biocomposites exhibit fascinating properties and many desirable traits, real-time and early stage SHM is the most challenging issue to enable their long-term use. Smart biocomposites are integrated with sensors for in situ identification of the progress of damage and composite failure. The sensitivity of such smart biocomposites is a key functionality, which can be tuned by the introduction of an appropriate filler. In particular, nanocarbons hold promising potential to be incorporated in SHM applications of biocomposites. This review focused on the potential applications of nanocarbons in SHM of biocomposites. The aspects related to fabrication techniques and working mechanism of sensors are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, their unique mechanical and electrical properties and sustainable nature ensure seamless integration into biocomposites, allowing for real-time monitoring without compromising the material's properties. These sensors offer multi-parameter sensing capabilities, such as strain, pressure, humidity, temperature, and chemical exposure, allowing a comprehensive assessment of biocomposite health. Additionally, their durability and longevity in harsh conditions, along with wireless connectivity options, provide cost-effective and sustainable SHM solutions. As research in this field advances, ongoing efforts seek to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of these sensors, optimizing their performance for real-world applications. This review highlights the significant advances, ongoing efforts to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity, and performance optimization of nanocarbon-based sensors along with their working mechanism in the field of SHM for smart biocomposites. The key challenges and future research perspectives facing the conversion of nanocarbons to smart biocomposites are also displayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouri Sankar Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India. kumud@
| | - Vijayendra Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan-304022, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Jangir
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Kumud Malika Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India. kumud@
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13
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Li J, Sun Y, Man Y, Zhang T, Feng X, Yang Z, Zhao H, Zhao R, He L. A Novel and Highly Efficient Microextraction Method for the Determination of Aflatoxin Precursor Averantin in Fatty Grain Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1330-1338. [PMID: 38173280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Averantin (AVN) is an important aflatoxin biosynthetic precursor and has been listed in the screening range of mycotoxins. Herein, a novel ionic liquid-based one-, two-, and three-phase transition microextraction (IL-OTTPTME) method was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the extraction and determination of AVN in fatty grain samples. The formation of a homogeneous solution and three-phase system during the IL-OTTPTME process allowed both efficient extraction and coextracted lipid cleanup. Density functional theory calculations and distribution coefficient determination results demonstrated that AVN extraction by IL mainly occurred through hydrogen-bond and π-π interactions. Under optimized conditions, the LOD and LOQ of the proposed method were 0.5 and 1.5 ng/g, respectively. Finally, the method was used to determine AVN in several grains with different fat contents, achieving satisfactory relative recoveries (86.0-107.8%) and RSDs (1.2-6.2%, n = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingna Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yaming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yong Man
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaxing Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Renyong Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lijun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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14
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Xie J, Li X, He Z, Fan L, Yao D, Zheng Y. Preparation of tough and stiff ionogels via phase separation. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:238-250. [PMID: 37909216 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01587d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Ionogels have the advantages of thermal stability, non-volatility, ionic conductivity and environmental friendliness, and they can be used in the field of flexible electronics and soft robotics. However, their poor mechanical strength and complex preparation methods limit their practical application. Herein, we propose a simple strategy to improve the performance of ionogels by adjusting their phase separation behavior. In a polymer-ionic liquid (IL) binary system with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) and Berghmans' point, the phase separation behavior will be frozen below the temperature corresponding to the Berghmans' point, and thus, the degree of phase separation can be adjusted by controlling the cooling rate. We found that a polyacrylamide (PAM)-IL binary system possessed a UCST and Berghmans' point and the resulting ionogels had excellent mechanical properties. Their tensile strength, tensile modulus, compressive strength and compressive modulus reached 31.1 MPa, 319.8 MPa, 122 MPa and 1.7 GPa, respectively, while these properties of the other ionogels were generally less than 10 MPa. Furthermore, they were highly transparent, stretchable, stable and multifunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Tang Du Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 569 of Xin Si Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Yaping Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China.
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15
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Gao N, Huang J, Chen Z, Liang Y, Zhang L, Peng Z, Pan C. Biomimetic Ion Channel Regulation for Temperature-Pressure Decoupled Tactile Perception. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2302440. [PMID: 37668280 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The perception of temperature and pressure of skin plays a vital role in joint movement, hand grasp, emotional expression, and self-protection of human. Among many biomimetic materials, ionic gels are uniquely suited to simulate the function of skin due to its ionic transport mechanism. However, both the temperature and pressure sensing are heavily dependent on the changes in ionic conductivity, making it impossible to decouple the temperature and pressure signals. Here, a pressure-insensitive and temperature-modulated ion channel is designed by synergistic strategies for gel skeleton's compact packing and ultra-thin structure, mimicking the function of the temperature ion channel in human skin. This ion-confined gel can completely suppress the pressure response of the temperature sensing layer. Furthermore, a temperature-pressure decoupled ionic sensor is fabricated and it is demonstrated that the ionic sensor can sense complex signals of temperature and pressure. This novel and effective approach has great potential to overcome one of the current barriers in developing ionic skin and extending its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiwei Gao
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano Sensors, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jiaoya Huang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Yegang Liang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Zhengchun Peng
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano Sensors, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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16
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Zhang C, Wang Z, Zhu H, Zhang Q, Zhu S. Dielectric Gels with Microphase Separation for Wide-Range and Self-Damping Pressure Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308520. [PMID: 37996980 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Omnipresent vibrations pose a significant challenge to flexible pressure sensors by inducing unstable output signals and curtailing their operational lifespan. Conventional soft sensing materials possess adequate elasticity but prove inadequate in countering vibrations. Moreover, the utilization of conventional highly-damping materials for sensing is challenging due to their substantial hysteresis. To tackle this dilemma, dielectric gels with controlled in situ microphase separation have been developed, leveraging the miscibility disparity between copolymers and solvents. The resulting gels exhibit exceptional compression stress, remarkable dielectric constant, and exceptional damping capabilities. Furthermore, flexible pressure sensors based on these microphase-separated gels show a wide detection range and low detection limit, more importantly, excellent sensing performance on vibrating surfaces. This work offers high potentials for applying flexible pressure sensors in complex practical scenarios and opens up new avenues for applications in soft electronics, biomimetic robots, and intelligent sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgeng Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwu Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - He Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
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17
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Jin Z, Liu H, Zhang H. Environment Endurable, Self-Healing, Super-Adhesive, and Mechanically Strong Ionogels for Reliable Sensing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300457. [PMID: 37831810 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionogels possess high conductivity, stretchability, and adhesion, making them promising as flexible sensors. However, it remains challenging to fabricate an ionogel which integrates excellent environment endurance, superior mechanical strength, high self-healing efficiency, and super adhesion. Herein, a supramolecular ionic liquid is synthesized using calcium chloride and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. An advanced ionogel based on this supramolecular ionic liquid is conveniently constructed by a one-pot method with acrylamide and acrylic acid as monomers. The supramolecular cross-linking network, formed by affluent coordination interactions, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions, provides the ionogel with ideal mechanical strength (tensile strength up to 1.7 MPa), high self-healing efficiency (up to 149%), super adhesion (up to 358 kPa on aluminum), excellent solvent tolerance (less than 10% weight increase, high mechanical and sensing performance retention after being soaked in organic solvents), and low-temperature endurance (breaking elongation can reach 87% at -30 °C). The supramolecular ionogels can function as multi-mode sensors, capable of monitoring strain and different amplitudes of human movements in real-time. Moreover, the sensing performance of ionogels remains unaffected even after being self-healed or exposure to organic solvents. It is expected that this study could offer valuable design ideas to construct advanced gel materials applicable in complicated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxu Jin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
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18
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Choi SG, Kang SH, Lee JY, Park JH, Kang SK. Recent advances in wearable iontronic sensors for healthcare applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1335188. [PMID: 38162187 PMCID: PMC10757853 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1335188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Iontronic sensors have garnered significant attention as wearable sensors due to their exceptional mechanical performance and the ability to maintain electrical performance under various mechanical stimuli. Iontronic sensors can respond to stimuli like mechanical stimuli, humidity, and temperature, which has led to exploration of their potential as versatile sensors. Here, a comprehensive review of the recent researches and developments on several types of iontronic sensors (e.g., pressure, strain, humidity, temperature, and multi-modal sensors), in terms of their sensing principles, constituent materials, and their healthcare-related applications is provided. The strategies for improving the sensing performance and environmental stability of iontronic sensors through various innovative ionic materials and structural designs are reviewed. This review also provides the healthcare applications of iontronic sensors that have gained increased feasibility and broader applicability due to the improved sensing performance. Lastly, outlook section discusses the current challenges and the future direction in terms of the applicability of the iontronic sensors to the healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Geun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyeon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Nano Systems Institute SOFT Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Huang J, Chen G, Han T, Yi C, Zhang Y, Ding L, Sun T, Jin T, Zhou S. Ultrafast and facile construction of programmable, multidimensional wrinkled-patterned polyacrylamide/sodium alginate hydrogels for human skin-like tactile perception. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121196. [PMID: 37567723 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Customizable structures and patterns are becoming powerful tools for biomimetic design and application of soft materials. The construction of long-range ordered self-wrinkled structures on multi-dimensional and complex-shaped surfaces with facile, fast and efficient strategies still faces serious challenges. During the stretch-recovery process, the carboxyl groups in the polyacrylamide/sodium alginate dual network gel form robust coordination with Fe3+ to achieve a hard shell layer, resulting in a modulus mismatch between the inner soft layer and the outer hard layer, thereby forming a wrinkled surface. This flexible strategy allows simultaneous construction of complex topologies from 1D to 3D wits well-organized microstructure and controllable dimensions. The mechanism of the influence of ion treating time and pre-stretching ratio on wrinkle wavelength was explored in detail. The finite element simulations matched well with the experimental results. Due to the unique surface and dual crosslinking network, the self-wrinkled hydrogel maintains a high sensitivity of up to 67.47 kPa-1 in 1000 compression cycles. As a high-sensitivity pressure sensor integrated into the detection system, it can be efficiently applied to the contact dynamic tactile perception and monitoring of various movement behaviors of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Gong Chen
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tianhang Han
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chenxin Yi
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lang Ding
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tianshu Sun
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ting Jin
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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20
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Wu Q, Xu Y, Han S, Zhu J, Chen A, Zhang J, Chen Y, Yang X, Huang J, Guan L. A liquid-free conducting ionoelastomer for 3D printable multifunctional self-healing electronic skin with tactile sensing capabilities. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3610-3621. [PMID: 37334834 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00612c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Conductive elastomers with both softness and conductivity are widely used in the field of flexible electronics. Nonetheless, conductive elastomers typically exhibit prominent problems such as solvent volatilization and leakage, and poor mechanical and conductive properties, which limit their applications in electronic skin (e-skin). In this work, a liquid-free conductive ionogel (LFCIg) with excellent performance was fabricated by utilizing the innovative double network design approach based on a deep eutectic solvent (DES). The double-network LFCIg is cross-linked by dynamic non-covalent bonds, which exhibit excellent mechanical properties (2100% strain while sustaining a fracture strength of 1.23 MPa) and >90% self-healing efficiency, and a superb electrical conductivity of 23.3 mS m-1 and 3D printability. Moreover, the conductive elastomer based on LFCIg has been developed into a stretchable strain sensor that achieves accurate response recognition, classification, and identification of different robot gestures. More impressively, an e-skin with tactile sensing functions is produced by in situ 3D printing of sensor arrays on flexible electrodes to detect light weight objects and recognize the resulting spatial pressure variations. Collectively, the results demonstrate that the designed LFCIg has unparalleled advantages and presents wide application potential in flexible robotics, e-skin and physiological signal monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350108, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yidan Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Songjiu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350108, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Anbang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianren Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350108, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lunhui Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350108, China
- A College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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21
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Li X, Sun F. An Ultrastretchable Gradient Ionogel Induced by a Self-Floating Strategy for Strain Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37717-37727. [PMID: 37523492 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of gradient ionogels for flexible strain sensors remains challenging because of the complex preparation procedures, and it is still difficult to prepare highly stretchable ionogels (strain > 10000%). In this study, a strategy is proposed to successfully fabricate gradient ionogels and apply them to flexible strain sensors by utilizing the self-floating character of the polysiloxane cross-linker. A gradient ionogel with ultrahigh stretchability (>14000%) is prepared via a one-step in situ photopolymerization process of the precursor with long-chain poly(dimethylsiloxane) bis(2-methyl acrylate) (PDMSMA). PDMSMA, which has a self-floating ability and excellent flexibility, induces a gradient composition distribution in the ionogel, thereby endowing the ionogel with superior stretchability and gradient changes in conductivity and adhesivity from the top to the bottom layer. Because of multiple molecular interactions, the bottom surface of the ionogel possesses good resilience and self-adhesion, whereas the top surface, which has a high PDMSMA content, shows a nonsticky performance. As a result, a singular gradient ionogel having both a sticky bottom surface and a nonsticky top surface is achieved. Furthermore, the flexible strain sensor that is created based on these gradient ionogels exhibits high sensitivity (its gauge factor reaching 5.08), a wide detection range (1-1500%), fast response times, and good linearity. Notably, the detection signal remains repeatable over 1000 uninterrupted strain cycles. The fabricated strain sensor was further utilized to monitor joint movements and physiological signals. This work provides a facile strategy for fabricating gradient ionogels and shows their application potential in the field of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Anqing Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Anqing 246000, People's Republic of China
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Ye Y, Yu L, Lizundia E, Zhu Y, Chen C, Jiang F. Cellulose-Based Ionic Conductor: An Emerging Material toward Sustainable Devices. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9204-9264. [PMID: 37419504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductors (ICs) find widespread applications across different fields, such as smart electronic, ionotronic, sensor, biomedical, and energy harvesting/storage devices, and largely determine the function and performance of these devices. In the pursuit of developing ICs required for better performing and sustainable devices, cellulose appears as an attractive and promising building block due to its high abundance, renewability, striking mechanical strength, and other functional features. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary regarding ICs fabricated from cellulose and cellulose-derived materials in terms of fundamental structural features of cellulose, the materials design and fabrication techniques for engineering, main properties and characterization, and diverse applications. Next, the potential of cellulose-based ICs to relieve the increasing concern about electronic waste within the frame of circularity and environmental sustainability and the future directions to be explored for advancing this field are discussed. Overall, we hope this review can provide a comprehensive summary and unique perspectives on the design and application of advanced cellulose-based ICs and thereby encourage the utilization of cellulosic materials toward sustainable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Ye
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Le Yu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao 48013, Spain
- BCMaterials Lab, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Yeling Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Chaoji Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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23
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Zhu H, Cheng Y, Li S, Xu M, Yang X, Li T, Du Y, Liu Y, Song H. Stretchable and recyclable gelatin Ionogel based ionic skin with extensive temperature tolerant, self-healing, UV-shielding, and sensing capabilities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125417. [PMID: 37331536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating sustainable ionic skin with multi-functional outstanding performances using biocompatible natural polymer-based ionogel is highly desired but remains a great challenge up to now. Herein, a green and recyclable ionogel has been fabricated by in-situ cross-linking of gelatin with a green bio-based multifunctional cross-linker of Triglycidyl Naringenin in ionic liquid. Benefiting from the unique multifunctional chemical crosslinking networks along with multiple reversible non-covalent interactions, the as-prepared ionogels exhibit high stretchability (>1000 %), excellent elasticity, fast room-temperature self-healability (>98 % healing efficiency at 6 min), and good recyclability. These ionogels are also highly conductive (up to 30.7 mS/cm at 150 °C), and exhibit extensive temperature tolerance (-23 to 252 °C) and outstanding UV-shielding ability. As a result, the as-prepared ionogel can easily be applied as stretchable ionic skin for wearable sensors, which exhibits high sensitivity, fast response time (102 ms), excellent temperature tolerance, and stability over 5000 stretching-relaxing cycles. More importantly, the gelatin-based sensor can be used in signal monitor system for various human motion real-time detection. This sustainable and multifunctional ionogel provides a new idea for easy and green preparation of advanced ionic skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Yan Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Min Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Xuemeng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Tianci Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Yonggang Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050043, PR China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China
| | - Hongzan Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, PR China.
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24
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Li B, Xu F, Guan T, Li Y, Sun J. Self-Adhesive Self-Healing Thermochromic Ionogels for Smart Windows with Excellent Environmental and Mechanical Stability, Solar Modulation, and Antifogging Capabilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211456. [PMID: 36848671 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Current thermochromic materials used in smart windows still face challenges, such as poor mechanical and environmental stability, unsatisfactory solar modulation capacity, and low transparency. Herein, the first self-adhesive self-healing thermochromic ionogels with excellent mechanical and environmental stability, antifogging capability, transparency, and solar modulation capability by loading binary ionic liquids (ILs) into rational-designed self-healing poly(urethaneurea) with acylsemicarbazide (ASCZ) moieties that have reversible and multiple hydrogen bonds are reported and their feasibility as smart windows with reliability and long service life is demonstrated. The self-healing thermochromic ionogels can switch between transparent and opaque without leakage or shrinkage, by the constrained reversible phase separation of ILs within the ionogels. The ionogels have the highest transparency and solar modulation capability among reported thermochromic materials and such excellent solar modulation capability can be well maintained after undergoing 1000 transitions, stretches, and bends, and storage at -30 °C, 60 °C, 90% RH, and vacuum environment for 2 months. The formation of high-density hydrogen bonds among the ASCZ moieties contributes to the excellent mechanical strength of the ionogels and allows the thermochromic ionogels to spontaneously heal their damages and be fully recycled at room temperature without the loss of thermochromic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fuchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Chen M, Wang W, Fang J, Guo P, Liu X, Li G, Li Z, Wang X, Li J, Lei K. Environmentally adaptive polysaccharide-based hydrogels and their applications in extreme conditions: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124496. [PMID: 37086763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide hydrogels are one of the most promising hydrogel materials due to their inherent characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, and easy modification, and their structure and functional designs have been widely researched to adapt to different application scenarios as well as to broaden their application fields. As typical wet-soft materials, the high water content and water-absorbing ability of polysaccharide-based hydrogels (PHs) are conducive to their wide biomedical applications, such as wound healing, tissue repair, and drug delivery. In addition, along with technological progress, PHs have shown potential application prospects in some high-tech fields, including human-computer interaction, intelligent driving, smart dressing, flexible sensors, etc. However, in practical applications, due to the poor ability of PHs to resist freezing below zero, dehydration at high temperature, and acid-base/swelling-induced deformation in a solution environment, they are prone to lose their wet-soft peculiarities, including structural integrity, injectability, flexibility, transparency, conductivity and other inherent characteristics, which greatly limit their high-tech applications. Hence, reducing their freezing point, enhancing their high-temperature dehydration resistance, and improving their extreme solution tolerance are powerful approaches to endow PHs with multienvironmental adaptability, broadening their application areas. This report systematically reviews the study advances of environmentally adaptive polysaccharide-based hydrogels (EAPHs), comprising anti-icing hydrogels, high temperature/dehydration resistant hydrogels, and acid/base/swelling deformation resistant hydrogels in recent years. First, the construction methods of EAPHs are presented, and the mechanisms and properties of freeze-resistant, high temperature/dehydration-resistant, and acid/base/swelling deformation-resistant adaptations are simply demonstrated. Meanwhile, the features of different strategies to prepare EAPHs as well as the strategies of simultaneously attaining multienvironmental adaptability are reviewed. Then, the applications of extreme EAPHs are summarized, and some meaningful works are well introduced. Finally, the issues and future outlooks of PH environment adaptation research are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luolong District, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luolong District, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Junjun Fang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luolong District, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Pengshan Guo
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luolong District, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luolong District, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Guangda Li
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luolong District, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luolong District, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Kun Lei
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luolong District, Luoyang 471023, China.
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26
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Gao D, Thangavel G, Lee J, Lv J, Li Y, Ciou JH, Xiong J, Park T, Lee PS. A supramolecular gel-elastomer system for soft iontronic adhesives. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1990. [PMID: 37031201 PMCID: PMC10082814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroadhesion provides a promising route to augment robotic functionalities with continuous, astrictive, and reversible adhesion force. However, the lack of suitable conductive/dielectric materials and processing capabilities have impeded the integration of electroadhesive modules into soft robots requiring both mechanical compliance and robustness. We present herein an iontronic adhesive based on a dynamically crosslinked gel-elastomer system, including an ionic organohydrogel as adhesive electrodes and a resilient polyurethane with high electrostatic energy density as dielectric layers. Through supramolecular design and synthesis, the dual-material system exhibits cohesive heterolayer bonding and autonomous self-healing from damages. Iontronic soft grippers that seamlessly integrate actuation, adhesive prehension, and exteroceptive sensation are devised via additive manufacturing. The grippers can capture soft and deformable items, bear high payload under reduced voltage input, and rapidly release foreign objects in contrast to electroadhesives. Our materials and iontronic mechanisms pave the way for future advancement in adhesive-enhanced multifunctional soft devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dace Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Gurunathan Thangavel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute (TII), Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, P.O Box 9639, United Arab Emirates
| | - Junwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jian Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Yi Li
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jing-Hao Ciou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602, Singapore.
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27
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Fan X, Liu S, Jia Z, Koh JJ, Yeo JCC, Wang CG, Surat'man NE, Loh XJ, Le Bideau J, He C, Li Z, Loh TP. Ionogels: recent advances in design, material properties and emerging biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2497-2527. [PMID: 36928878 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid (IL)-based gels (ionogels) have received considerable attention due to their unique advantages in ionic conductivity and their biphasic liquid-solid phase property. In ionogels, the negligibly volatile ionic liquid is retained in the interconnected 3D pore structure. On the basis of these physical features as well as the chemical properties of well-chosen ILs, there is emerging interest in the anti-bacterial and biocompatibility aspects. In this review, the recent achievements of ionogels for biomedical applications are summarized and discussed. Following a brief introduction of the various types of ILs and their key physicochemical and biological properties, the design strategies and fabrication methods of ionogels are presented by means of different confining networks. These sophisticated ionogels with diverse functions, aimed at biomedical applications, are further classified into several active domains, including wearable strain sensors, therapeutic delivery systems, wound healing and biochemical detections. Finally, the challenges and possible strategies for the design of future ionogels by integrating materials science with a biological interface are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Fan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore.
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China. .,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - J Justin Koh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jayven Chee Chuan Yeo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Chen-Gang Wang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore.
| | - Nayli Erdeanna Surat'man
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore.
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore. .,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jean Le Bideau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Chaobin He
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore. .,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore. .,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore. .,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China. .,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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28
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Zhao X, Xu J, Zhang J, Guo M, Wu Z, Li Y, Xu C, Yin H, Wang X. Fluorescent double network ionogels with fast self-healability and high resilience for reliable human motion detection. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:646-656. [PMID: 36533533 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01325h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fascinating properties are displayed by high-performance ionogel-based flexible strain sensors, thereby gaining increasing attention in various applications ranging from human motion monitoring to soft robotics. However, the integration of excellent properties such as optical and mechanical properties and satisfactory sensing performance for one ionogel sensor is still a challenge. In particular, fatigue-resistant and self-healing properties are essential to continuous sensing. Herein, we design a flexible ion-conductive sensor based on a multifunctional ionogel with a double network using polyacrylamide, amino-modified agarose, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxaldehyde and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. The ionogel exhibits comprehensive properties including high transparency (>95%), nonflammability, strong adhesion and good temperature tolerance (about -96 to 260 °C), especially adaptive for extreme conditions. The dynamic imine bonds and abundant hydrogen bonds endow the ionogel with excellent self-healing capability, to realize rapid self-repair within minutes, as well as good mechanical properties and ductility to dissipate input energy and realize high resilience. Notably, unexpected fluorescence has been observed for the ionogel because of the gelation-induced emission phenomenon. Flexible strain sensors prepared directly from ionogels can sensitively monitor and differentiate various human motions, exhibiting a fast response time (38 ms), high sensitivity (gauge factor = 3.13 at 800% strain), good durability (>1000 cycles) and excellent stability over a wide temperature range (-30 to 80 °C). Therefore, the prepared ionogel as a high-performance flexible strain sensor in this study shows tremendous potential in wearable devices and soft ionotronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Jiaheng Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an 271000, P. R. China
| | - Jingyue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Mengru Guo
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Zhelun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hongzong Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
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29
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He X, Cheng J, Li Z, Ye H, Wei X, Li H, Wang R, Zhang YF, Yang HY, Guo C, Ge Q. Multimaterial Three-Dimensional Printing of Ultraviolet-Curable Ionic Conductive Elastomers with Diverse Polymers for Multifunctional Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3455-3466. [PMID: 36538002 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductive elastomers (ICEs) are emerging stretchable and ionic conductive materials that are solvent-free and thus demonstrate excellent thermal stability. Three-dimensional (3D) printing that creates complex 3D structures in free forms is considered as an ideal approach to manufacture sophisticated ICE-based devices. However, the current technologies constrain 3D printed ICE structures in a single material, which greatly limits functionality and performance of ICE-based devices and machines. Here, we report a digital light processing (DLP)-based multimaterial 3D printing capability to seemly integrate ultraviolet-curable ICE (UV-ICE) with nonconductive materials to create ionic flexible electronic devices in 3D forms with enhanced performance. This unique capability allows us to readily manufacture various 3D flexible electronic devices. To demonstrate this, we printed UV-ICE circuits into polymer substrates with different mechanical properties to create resistive strain and force sensors; we printed flexible capacitive sensors with high sensitivity (2 kPa-1) and a wide range of measured pressures (from 5 Pa to 550 kPa) by creating a complex microstructure in the dielectric layer; we even realized ionic conductor-activated four-dimensional (4D) printing by printing a UV-ICE circuit into a shape memory polymer substrate. The proposed approach paves a new efficient way to realize multifunctional flexible devices and machines by bonding ICEs with other polymers in 3D forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Jianxiang Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Zhenqing Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Haitao Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Xinfeng Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Honggeng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Yuan-Fang Zhang
- Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou511442, China
| | - Hui Ying Yang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore487372, Singapore
| | - Chuanfei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Qi Ge
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
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30
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Zhang X, Hu Z, Sun Q, Liang X, Gu P, Huang J, Zu G. Bioinspired Gradient Stretchable Aerogels for Ultrabroad-Range-Response Pressure-Sensitive Wearable Electronics and High-Efficient Separators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213952. [PMID: 36346155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Broad-range-response pressure-sensitive wearable electronics are urgently needed but their preparation remains a challenge. Herein, we report unprecedented bioinspired wearable electronics based on stretchable and superelastic reduced graphene oxide/polyurethane nanocomposite aerogels with gradient porous structures by a sol-gel/hot pressing/freeze casting/ambient pressure drying strategy. The gradient structure with a hot-pressed layer promotes strain transfer and resistance variation under high pressures, leading to an ultrabroad detection range of 1 Pa-12.6 MPa, one of the broadest ranges ever reported. They can withstand 10 000 compression cycles under 1 MPa, which can't be achieved by traditional flexible pressure sensors. They can be applied for broad-range-response electronic skins and monitoring various physical signals/motions and ultrahigh pressures of automobile tires. Moreover, the gradient aerogels can be used as high-efficient gradient separators for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P.R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P.R. China
| | - Xing Liang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P.R. China
| | - Puzhong Gu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P.R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Zu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P.R. China
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31
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Wang M, Hu J, Dickey MD. Tough Ionogels: Synthesis, Toughening Mechanisms, and Mechanical Properties-A Perspective. JACS AU 2022; 2:2645-2657. [PMID: 36590265 PMCID: PMC9795568 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric ionogels are polymer networks swollen with ionic liquids (i.e., salts with low melting points). Ionogels are interesting due to their unique features such as nonvolatility, high thermal and electrochemical stability, excellent ionic conductivity, and nonflammability. These properties enable applications such as unconventional electronics, energy storage devices (i.e., batteries and supercapacitors), sensors and actuators. However, the poor mechanical performance of ionogels (e.g., fracture strength < 1 MPa, modulus < 0.1 MPa, and toughness < 1000 J m-2) have limited their use, thus motivating the need for tough ionogels. This Perspective summarizes recent advances toward tough ionogels by highlighting synthetic methods and toughening mechanisms. Opportunities and promising applications of tough ionogels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jian Hu
- State
Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Michael D. Dickey
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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32
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Zhou Y, Zhao L, Jia Q, Wang T, Sun P, Liu F, Yan X, Wang C, Sun Y, Lu G. Multifunctional Flexible Ionic Skin with Dual-Modal Output Based on Fibrous Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55109-55118. [PMID: 36448961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible wearable electronic devices with multiple sensing functions that simulate human skin in all aspects have become a popular research topic. However, the current expensive and time-consuming means of integration and the complex decoupling process are hampering the further development of multifunctional sensors. Here, an ultraflexible ionic fiber membrane (IFM) prepared by a simple electrospinning technique is reported, which exhibits pressure and humidity sensing properties. With the help of different electrode structures, the IFM-based multifunctional sensor achieved pressure and humidity detection with different sensing mechanisms. Pressure sensing with high sensitivity (49.7 kPa-1 at 0-30 kPa) and wide detection range (0-220 kPa) was indicated by the capacitive signal. Humidity sensing with high linearity (1.086% per percent relative humidity (RH)) in the range 15%-90% RH was indicated by the resistance signal. In particular, the multimodal output of capacitance/resistance corresponding to pressure/humidity in this study directly addresses the problem of accurately distinguishing the two stimuli. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the impact between pressure and humidity is negligible when measured simultaneously and independently. Because of the excellent pressure/humidity sensing performance, we have fabricated a smart bracelet and mask for pulse, skin moisture, and breathe monitoring, which indicates the promising future of multifunctional flexible sensors based on IFM in the healthcare field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
| | - Liupeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
| | - Qisong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
| | - Tianshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
| | - Fangmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
| | - Yanfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
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33
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Wang B, Yang D, Chang Z, Zhang R, Dai J, Fang Y. Wearable bioelectronic masks for wireless detection of respiratory infectious diseases by gaseous media. MATTER 2022; 5:4347-4362. [PMID: 36157685 PMCID: PMC9484046 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory infectious diseases (H1N1, H5N1, COVID-19, etc.) are pandemics that can continually spread in the air through micro-droplets or aerosols. However, the detection of samples in gaseous media is hampered by the requirement for trace amounts and low concentrations. Here, we develop a wearable bioelectronic mask device integrated with ion-gated transistors. Based on the sensitive gating effect of ion gels, our aptamer-functionalized transistors can measure trace-level liquid samples (0.3 μL) and even gaseous media samples at an ultra-low concentration (0.1 fg/mL). The ion-gated transistor with multi-channel analysis can respond to multiple targets simultaneously within as fast as 10 min, especially without sample pretreatment. Integrating a wireless internet of things system enables the wearable mask to achieve real-time and on-site detection of the surrounding air, providing an alert before infection. The wearable bioelectronic masks hold promise to serve as an early warning system to prevent outbreaks of respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfang Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Deqi Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yin Fang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
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Wu S, Yang C, Hu J, Pan M, Qiu W, Guo Y, Sun K, Xu Y, Li P, Peng J, Zhang Q. Wide-Range Linear Iontronic Pressure Sensor with Two-Scale Random Microstructured Film for Underwater Detection. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43923-43933. [PMID: 36506201 PMCID: PMC9730760 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A broad linear range of ionic flexible sensors (IFSs) with high sensitivity is vital to guarantee accurate pressure acquisition and simplify back-end circuits. However, the issue that sensitivity gradually decreases as the applied pressure increases hinders the linearity over the whole working range and limits its wide-ranging application. Herein, we design a two-scale random microstructure ionic gel film with rich porosity and a rough surface. It increases the buffer space during compression, enabling the stress deformation to be more uniform, which makes sure that the sensitivity maintains steady as the pressure loading. In addition, we develop electrodes with multilayer graphene produced by a roll-to-roll process, utilizing its large interlayer spacing and ion-accessible surface area. It benefits the migration and diffusion of ions inside the electrolyte, which increases the unit area capacitance and sensitivity, respectively. The IFS shows ultra-high linearity and a linear range (correlation coefficient ∼ 0.9931) over 0-1 MPa, an excellent sensitivity (∼12.8 kPa-1), a fast response and relaxation time (∼20 and ∼30 ms, respectively), a low detection limit (∼2.5 Pa), and outstanding mechanical stability. This work offers an available path to achieve wide-range linear response, which has potential applications for attaching to soft robots, followed with sensing slight disturbances induced by ships or submersibles.
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35
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Highly Stretchable, Transparent and Adhesive Ionogel Based on Chitosan-Poly(acrylic acid) Double Networks for Flexible Strain Sensors. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120797. [PMID: 36547321 PMCID: PMC9777788 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A stretchable double-network (DN) ionogel composed of a physically crosslinked network of chitosan (CS) and a chemically crosslinked network of polyacrylic acid (PAA) was prepared in an ionic liquid ([EMIM][OAc]) using a one-step polymerization method. In this ionogel (CS/PAA), the CS and the PAA polymer chains served as backbones, which constructed an interpenetrating DN structure via numerous hydrogen bonds formed through the hydroxyl, amino and carboxyl groups on the polymer chains. The DN structure improves the mechanical properties of the ionogel. Therefore, the CS/PAA DN ionogel exhibited outstanding mechanical performance in many ways: tensile strength up to 2.04 MPa, strain range up to 1046% and the value of toughness up to 8.52 MJ/m3. The ionogel also showed good self-recovery performance, fatigue resistance, ability to work in a broad temperature range (-20~80 °C) and adhesion properties. As a flexible sensor, the CS/PAA DN ionogel showed high strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 6.235). It can sensitively detect human motion (such as joint-bending, vocal fold vibration, walking gait and other human body motions), revealing the practical application potential of flexible electronic devices.
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36
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Shi H, Wang K, Liu Y, He K, Huo P, Dong J, Jiang Z, Zhang D. Rapidly UV-curable resin for soft sensors of embedded 3D printing. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Zhi H, Zhang X, Wang F, Feng L. A pH-Sensitive, Stretchable, Antibacterial Artificial Tongue Based on MXene Cross-Linked Ionogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52422-52429. [PMID: 36351194 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration has always been a confusing problem for a hydrogel exposed to air, which restricts its application in practical detection. While an ionogel with unique properties can lock water molecules efficiently due to its low vapor pressure, the design and development of an ionogel with excellent water-locking properties and stability to achieve satisfactory detection are thus highly desirable. In this work, a pH-sensitive, stretchable, antibacterial, and stable ionogel artificial tongue was fabricated through dual cross-linking. The artificial tongue consisted of MXene as a cross-linking agent, phenol red as an indicator, gelatin, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as the three-dimensional polymer network. A small quantity of MXene was used as a cross-linker the first time to promote the initiator in the system to generate free radicals, accelerating the reaction process and the multilevel linkage among the polymers. Meanwhile, the indicator phenol red was introduced into the ionogel successfully for the first time, showing great stability in 5 weeks. After evaluation by the Brand-Altman analysis, it was found that the method of pH measurement using ionogels had good consistency with the pH meter measurement method. Additionally, the prepared ionogel presented excellent water retention, mechanical stretchability, antibacterial property, and stability, as well as good test results in the test of artificial simulated saliva, demonstrating great potential in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhi
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengya Wang
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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38
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Chen Z, He Y, Tao X, Ma Y, Jia J, Wang Y. Thermal Nociception of Ionic Skin: TRPV1 Ion Channel-Inspired Heat-Activated Dynamic Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10076-10084. [PMID: 36269047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The artificial reproduction of the tactile sensory function of natural skin is crucial for intelligent sensing, human-computer interaction, and medical health. Thermal nociception is an essential human tactile function to avoid noxious thermal stimuli, which depends on the specific heat-activation of the TRPV1 ion channel. Inspired by the TRPV1, a dynamic ionic liquid with heat-activation characteristics is designed and prepared, which can be activated at 45 °C, which is near the physiological noxious temperature, accompanied by a steep rise in electrical response signals. Its electrical behavior can be deemed to be the extreme version of temperature sensation similar to the natural thermal nociceptor. The heat-activation mechanism is confirmed as a feasible strategy to regulate the thermal response behavior of ions, and this reported dynamic ionic liquid has an unprecedented intrinsic temperature response sensitivity of up to 156.79%/°C. In consideration of the similarity between the heat-activated dynamic ionic liquid and the TRPV1 ion channel in terms of heat-activation characteristics, electrical output signal, and ultrathermal sensitivity, an all-liquid ionic skin with the ability of thermal nociception is further fabricated, which shows considerable potential to assist patients with tactile desensitization to avoid noxious thermal stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Yonglin He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Xinglei Tao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Yingchao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Jichen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
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39
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Photodimerization induced hierarchical and asymmetric iontronic micropatterns. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6487. [PMID: 36310180 PMCID: PMC9618565 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Micropatterning various ion-based modality materials offers compelling advantages for functionality enhancement in iontronic pressure sensing, piezoionic mechanoreception, and skin-interfaced electrode adhesion. However, most existing patterning techniques for iontronic materials suffer from low flexibility and limited modulation capability. Herein, we propose a facile and robust method to fabricate hierarchical and asymmetrical iontronic micropatterns (denoted as HAIMs) through programmed regulation of the internal stress distribution and the local ionic migration among an iontronic host. The resultant HAIMs with arbitrarily regulated morphologies and region-dependent ionic electrical performance can be readily made via localized photodimerization of an anthracene-functionalized ionic liquid copolymer (denoted as An-PIL) and subsequent vapor oxidative polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). Based on the piezoionic effect within the resultant distinct doped PEDOT, HAIMs can serve as a scalable iontronic potential generator. Successful syntheses of these fascinating micropatterns may accelerate the development of patterned iontronic materials in a flexible, programmable, and functionally adaptive form.
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40
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Qiu W, Zhang C, Zhang Q. Versatile Copolymer for Stretchable and Self-healable Liquid-free Ionic Conductive Elastomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42578-42585. [PMID: 36075026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate the practical use of ionic conductive materials for flexible electronics, the issues existing in hydrogels and ionogels, such as low thermostability and possible solvent leakage, need to be resolved but are inevitable. Liquid-free ionic elastomers (ICEs) as an alternative option are free of such concerns but have been facing the drawbacks of low conductivity and less satisfying mechanical properties. Here, a versatile copolymer with π-π stacking and cation-π interactions for high-performance ICE is proposed. The ICEs presented tunable mechanical and electrical properties by varying the feed ratio of the ternary monomers. The optimized ICE possessed high stretchability and strength, fast shape-recovery, self-healing, decent conductivity, and desirable stability against heat and under ambient conditions. The use of virgin and self-healed ICEs as the conductors for dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) is demonstrated and exhibits comparable actuating performance to the reported DEA employing organogels and ionogels. The work provides a facile approach for fabricating ICEs with versatile properties that can be used for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlian Qiu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Changgeng Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, P. R. China
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41
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Park JM, Lim S, Sun JY. Materials development in stretchable iontronics. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6487-6510. [PMID: 36000330 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable iontronics have recently been developed as an ideal interface to promote the interaction between humans and devices. Since the materials that use ions as charge carriers are typically transparent and stretchable, they have been used to fabricate devices with diverse functions with intrinsic transparency and stretchability. With the development of device design, material design has also been investigated to mitigate the issues associated with ionic materials, such as their weak mechanical properties, poor electrical properties, or poor environmental stabilities. In this review, we describe the recent progress on the design of materials in stretchable iontronics. By classifying stretchable ionic materials into three types of components (ionic conductors, ionic semiconductors, and ionic insulators), the issues each component has and the strategies to solve them are introduced, specifically in terms of molecular interactions. We then discuss the existing hurdles and challenges to be handled and shine light on the possibilities and opportunities from the insight of molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Man Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungsoo Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Yun Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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42
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Wang Z, Valenzuela C, Wu J, Chen Y, Wang L, Feng W. Bioinspired Freeze-Tolerant Soft Materials: Design, Properties, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201597. [PMID: 35971186 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In nature, many biological organisms have developed the exceptional antifreezing ability to survive in extremely cold environments. Inspired by the freeze resistance of these organisms, researchers have devoted extensive efforts to develop advanced freeze-tolerant soft materials and explore their potential applications in diverse areas such as electronic skin, soft robotics, flexible energy, and biological science. Herein, a comprehensive overview on the recent advancement of freeze-tolerant soft materials and their emerging applications from the perspective of bioinspiration and advanced material engineering is provided. First, the mechanisms underlying the freeze tolerance of cold-enduring biological organisms are introduced. Then, engineering strategies for developing antifreezing soft materials are summarized. Thereafter, recent advances in freeze-tolerant soft materials for different technological applications such as smart sensors and actuators, energy harvesting and storage, and cryogenic medical applications are presented. Finally, future challenges and opportunities for the rapid development of bioinspired freeze-tolerant soft materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuanhao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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43
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Niu W, Liu X. Stretchable Ionic Conductors for Soft Electronics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200512. [PMID: 35880907 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of soft electronics in the era of Internet of Everything (IoE), electrical conductors with stretchability, the indispensable components of soft electronics, have gained new opportunities and also faced increasing challenges. According to the principles of electrical conductivity, stretchable electrical conductors can be divided into electronic conductors and ionic conductors. Different from the stretchable electronic conductors derived from stretchable polymeric matrices integrated with electronically conductive fillers, stretchable ionic conductors are constructed by embedding mobile ions into the crosslinked polymer networks. Therefore, stretchable ionic conductors have received extensive attention and in-depth research in the past decade, thanks to their intrinsic stretchability and electrical conductivity. This review systematically summarizes the achievements on the different categories of stretchable ionic conductors (e.g., hydrogels, ionogels, and liquid-free ion-conductive elastomers), in terms of their design, fabrication, properties, and applications. The advantages and limitations of the different types of stretchable ionic conductors are discussed. Outlooks are also provided to envision the remaining challenges for the further development and practical applications of stretchable ionic conductors. It is expected to arouse inspirations for the design and fabrication of new and high-performance stretchable ionic conductors and advanced soft electronics for the IoE era. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Zhang B, Zhang X, Song H, Nguyen DH, Zhang C, Liu T. Strong-Weak Response Network-Enabled Ionic Conductive Hydrogels with High Stretchability, Self-Healability, and Self-Adhesion for Ionic Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32551-32560. [PMID: 35796233 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The requirement of ionic conductive hydrogels with tailor-made superelasticity and high chain mobility is highly desired while meeting a challenge. Herein, ionic conductive hydrogels with the design of strong-weak response networks were synthesized via the free-radical copolymerization of monomers of 1-methyl-3-(4-vinylbenzyl)imidazolium chloride and sodium 2-acrylamino-2-methylpropanesulfonate in water. The as-formed strong-weak response networks in ionic conductive hydrogels included binary interactions of strong electrostatic forces and weak hydrogen bonds. The electrostatic forces imparted excellent mechanical elasticity, and the hydrogen-bonded interactions served as highly active and reversible networks to dissipate fracture energy during the deformation. Importantly, the resultant ionic conductive hydrogels exhibited high toughness of ∼2205 kJ m-3, satisfying fatigue resistance, and excellent healing efficiency of >90%. Moreover, the tailoring of counterion concentrations in hydrogels by adding various concentrations of inorganic salts could regulate the electrostatic forces within hydrogels as well as the finally mechanical strengths. Ascribing to the combination of large stretchability and large chain mobility, the resultant ionic conductive hydrogels could directly act as a stretchable ionic conductor for the assembly of self-healable and self-adhesive capacitance-type ionic sensors which are capable of detecting large and tiny human activities. This study could offer a promising strategy for the design and manufacturing of emerging ionic conductors with high mechanical elasticity and large segment mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hui Song
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Dai Hai Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
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Zhou C, Wu T, Xie X, Song G, Ma X, Mu Q, Huang Z, Liu X, Sun C, Xu W. Advances and challenges in conductive hydrogels: From properties to applications. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Li Q, Liu Z, Zheng S, Li W, Ren Y, Li L, Yan F. Three-Dimensional Printable, Highly Conductive Ionic Elastomers for High-Sensitivity Iontronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26068-26076. [PMID: 35638096 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of hydrogels and ionic gels for applications in fields such as soft electronics and wearable sensors is limited by liquid evaporation or leakage. Ionic conductors without volatile liquids are better choices for flexible and transparent devices. Here, a liquid polymer electrolyte (LPE) is prepared from a mixture of lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide and polyethylene glycol (PEG) above the melting point of PEG. A three-dimensional (3D) printable solvent-free ionic elastomer (IE) is introduced by photopolymerization of ethyl acrylate and hydroxyethyl acrylate in the prepared LPE. The conductivity is significantly improved by the presence of a high content of the lithium salt. Dynamic cross-linking networks improve the stretchability and resilience of the elastomer. The pattern design capability of the IE is provided by light-curing 3D printing. These features demonstrate that the IE has broad application prospects in flexible sensors, ion skins, and soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingning Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sijie Zheng
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weizheng Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongyuan Ren
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Xu M, Dou H, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Ren B, Ma Q, Wen G, Luo D, Yu A, Zhang L, Wang X, Chen Z. Hierarchically Nanostructured Solid-State Electrolyte for Flexible Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117703. [PMID: 35233896 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The construction of safe and environmentally-benign solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with intrinsic hydroxide ion-conduction for flexible zinc-air batteries is highly desirable yet extremely challenging. Herein, hierarchically nanostructured CCNF-PDIL SSEs with reinforced concrete architecture are constructed by nanoconfined polymerization of dual-cation ionic liquid (PDIL, concrete) within a robust three-dimensional porous cationic cellulose nanofiber matrix (CCNF, reinforcing steel), where plenty of penetrating ion-conductive channels are formed and undergo dynamic self-rearrangement under different hydrated levels. The CCNF-PDIL SSEs synchronously exhibit good flexibility, mechanical robustness, superhigh ion conductivity of 286.5 mS cm-1 , and decent water uptake. The resultant flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries deliver a high-power density of 135 mW cm-2 , a specific capacity of 775 mAh g-1 and an ultralong cycling stability with continuous operation of 240 hours for 720 cycles, far outperforming those of the state-of-the-art solid-state batteries. The marriage of biomaterials with the diversity of ionic liquids creates enormous opportunities to construct advanced SSEs for solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Xu
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haozhen Dou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yun Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bohua Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Qianyi Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Guobin Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dan Luo
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Aiping Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Luhong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xin Wang
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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He W, Ming X, Xiang Y, Zhang C, Zhu H, Zhang Q, Zhu S. Bioinspired Semicrystalline Dynamic Ionogels with Adaptive Mechanics and Tactile Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20132-20138. [PMID: 35470664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A biological system shows dynamical shapes and tunable mechanical states while working as an actuator and/or sensor. To simulate this, we prepared semicrystalline dynamic ionogels (SDIGs) via a facile process by introducing crystallized polymer domains for phase change and amorphous domains for ionic liquid loading into ionogels. The obtained SDIGs offered tunable mechanical properties upon temperature switching with a change in modulus up to 2 orders of magnitude. It also showed an excellent shape memory effect, shape programmability, and melting accelerated conductivity increase. Enabled by ionic Joule heating technique, the ionogel provided an electrical triggered actuating process to mimic flower blossoming. Moreover, it was demonstrated as a touch sensor with various working shape states, indicating cyclic and green utilization. This work provides insights into the design of semicrystalline electronics and is believed to promote the development of biomimetic actuators and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing He
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Ming
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xiang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P.R. China
| | - Changgeng Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P.R. China
| | - He Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P.R. China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P.R. China
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Xu M, Dou H, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Ren B, Ma Q, Wen G, Luo D, Yu A, Zhang L, Wang X, Chen Z. Hierarchically Nanostructured Solid‐State Electrolyte for Flexible Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Xu
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Haozhen Dou
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W Waterloo Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W Waterloo Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Yun Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W Waterloo Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Bohua Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W Waterloo Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Qianyi Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W Waterloo Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Guobin Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W Waterloo Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Dan Luo
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Aiping Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W Waterloo Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Luhong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xin Wang
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W Waterloo Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
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Liu Z, Yan F. Switchable Adhesion: On-Demand Bonding and Debonding. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200264. [PMID: 35233988 PMCID: PMC9036041 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Adhesives have a long and illustrious history throughout human history. The development of synthetic polymers has highly improved adhesions in terms of their strength and environmental tolerance. As soft robotics, flexible electronics, and intelligent gadgets become more prevalent, adhesives with changeable adhesion capabilities will become more necessary. These adhesives should be programmable and switchable, with the ability to respond to light, electromagnetic fields, thermal, and other stimuli. These requirements necessitate novel concepts in adhesion engineering and material science. Considerable studies have been carried out to develop a wide range of adhesives. This review focuses on stimuli-responsive material-based adhesives, outlining current research on switchable and controlled adhesives, including design and manufacturing techniques. Finally, the potential for smart adhesives in applications, and the development of future adhesive forms are critically suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
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