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Tian Y, Wang J, Chen H, Lin H, Wu S, Zhang Y, Tian M, Meng J, Saeed W, Liu W, Chen X. Electrospun multifunctional nanofibers for advanced wearable sensors. Talanta 2025; 283:127085. [PMID: 39490308 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.127085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
The multifunctional extension of fiber-based wearable sensors determines their integration and sustainable development, with electrospinning technology providing reliable, efficient, and scalable support for fabricating these sensors. Despite numerous studies on electrospun fiber-based wearable sensors, further attention is needed to leverage composite structural engineering for functionalizing electrospun fibers. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on fiber-based multifunctional wearable sensors in terms of design concept, device fabrication, mechanism exploration, and application potential. Firstly, the basics of electrospinning are briefly introduced, including its development, principles, parameters, and material selection. Tactile sensors, as crucial components of wearable sensors, are discussed in detail, encompassing their performance parameters, transduction mechanisms, and preparation strategies for pressure, strain, temperature, humidity, and bioelectrical signal sensors. The main focus of the article is on the latest research progress in multifunctional sensing design concepts, multimodal decoupling mechanisms, sensing mechanisms, and functional extensions. These extensions include multimodal sensing, self-healing, energy harvesting, personal thermal management, EMI shielding, antimicrobial properties, and other capabilities. Furthermore, the review assesses existing challenges and outlines future developments for multifunctional wearable sensors, highlighting the need for continued research and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China; School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China; The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Junhao Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Lin
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Tian
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Meng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Waqas Saeed
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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Song Y, Sun W, Shi X, Qin Z, Wu Q, Yin S, Liang S, Liu Z, Sun H. Bio-inspired e-skin with integrated antifouling and comfortable wearing for self-powered motion monitoring and ultra-long-range human-machine interaction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 679:1299-1310. [PMID: 39427584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) inspired by the sensory function of the skin demonstrates broad application prospects in health, medicine, and human-machine interaction. Herein, we developed a self-powered all-fiber bio-inspired e-skin (AFBI E-skin) that integrated functions of antifouling, antibacterial, biocompatibility and breathability. AFBI E-skin was composed of three layers of electrospun nanofibrous films. The superhydrophobic outer layer Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-silica nanofibrous films (PVDF-SiO2 NFs) possessed antifouling properties against common liquids in daily life and resisted bacterial adhesion. The polyaniline nanofibrous films (PANI NFs) were used as the electrode layer, and it had strong "static" antibacterial capability. Meanwhile, the inner layer Polylactic acid nanofibrous films (PLA NFs) served as a biocompatible substrate. Based on the triboelectric nanogenerator principle, AFBI E-skin not only enabled self-powered sensing but also utilized the generated electrical stimulation for "dynamic" antibacterial. The "dynamic-static" synergistic antibacterial strategy greatly enhanced the antibacterial effect. AFBI E-skin could be used for self-powered motion monitoring to obtain a stable signal output even when water was splashed on its surface. Finally, based on AFBI E-skin, we constructed an ultra-long-range human-machine interaction control system, enabling synchronized hand gestures between human hand and robotic hand in any internet-covered area worldwide theoretically. AFBI E-skin exhibited vast application potential in fields like smart wearable electronics and intelligent robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Song
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Wuliang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Xinjian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Shengyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Song Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zhenning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
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Wang S, Song X, Xu J, Wang J, Yu L. Flexible silicon for high-performance photovoltaics, photodetectors and bio-interfaced electronics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39688131 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh01466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is currently the most mature and reliable semiconductor material in the industry, playing a pivotal role in the development of modern microelectronics, renewable energy, and bio-electronic technologies. In recent years, widespread research attention has been devoted to the development of advanced flexible electronics, photovoltaics, and bio-interfaced sensors/detectors, boosting their emerging applications in distributed energy sources, healthcare, environmental monitoring, and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Despite the rigid and brittle nature of Si, a series of new fabrication technologies and integration strategies have been developed to enable a wide range of c-Si-based high-performance flexible photovoltaics and electronics, which were previously only achievable with intrinsically soft organic and polymer semiconductors. More interestingly, programmable geometric engineering of crystalline silicon (c-Si) units and logic circuits has been explored to enable the fabrication of various highly flexible nanoprobes for intracellular sensing and the deployment of soft BCI matrices to record and understand brain neural activities for the development of advanced neuroprosthetics. This review will systematically examine the latest progress in the fabrication of Si-based flexible solar cells, photodetectors, and biological probing interfaces over the past decade, identifying key design principles, mechanisms, and technological milestones achieved through novel geometry, morphology, and composition control. These advancements, when combined, will not only promote the practical applications of sustainable energy and wearable electronics but also spur new breakthroughs in emerging human-machine interfaces (HMIs) and artificial intelligence applications, which hold significant implications for understanding neural activities, implementing more efficient artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, and developing new therapies or treatments. Finally, we will summarize and provide an outlook on the current challenges and future opportunities of Si-based electronics, flexible optoelectronics, and bio-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wang
- School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaopan Song
- School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, P. R. China.
- School of Microelectronics and School of Integrated Circuits, Nantong University, 226019, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Junzhuan Wang
- School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Linwei Yu
- School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, P. R. China.
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Liao W, Wu X, Qiu Y, Li T, Hu Y, Lu C, Wang F, Liu X. Strain redistribution for achieving wide-range and high-sensitivity monitoring of natural rubber-based sensors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 683:684-693. [PMID: 39706087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Revised: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 12/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
Strain sensors with high sensitivity and wide detection range are essential for meeting diverse applications, such as precisely monitoring the movement of patients with bone defects during rehabilitation. However, extending the sensing range without compromising sensitivity, particularly for small strains, remains a significant challenge for flexible sensors. Here, a strain redistribution strategy was employed to achieve wide-range and high-sensitivity monitoring of natural rubber (NR)-based sensors. A rectangular NR-based sensor was initially developed using the swelling-infiltration method, demonstrating a broad strain range but low sensitivity. The introduction of V-notches on both sides of the sensor resulted in significant local strain enhancement, substantially improving sensitivity but significantly reducing the sensing range. For example, the gauge factor (GF) increased from 4.2 to 28.4 at 20 % strain, while the sensing range decreased from 400.5 % to 71.4 %. Furthermore, O-notches were integrated into the NR-based sensor to facilitate strain redistribution. A well-designed O-notch enhanced the sensing range by 40 % without sacrificing small-strain sensitivity. Additionally, the NR-based sensor with strain redistribution demonstrated a low detection limit (0.1 %), excellent cyclic stability, and biocompatibility, making it highly effective for detecting large and small deformations in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenao Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610072, China; School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yuqin Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yidan Hu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chang Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Xilin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Dong J, Hou J, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Liu H, Long J, Park S, Liu T, Huang Y. Breathable and Stretchable Epidermal Electronics for Health Management: Recent Advances and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2409071. [PMID: 39420650 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Advanced epidermal electronic devices, capable of real-time monitoring of physical, physiological, and biochemical signals and administering appropriate therapeutics, are revolutionizing personalized healthcare technology. However, conventional portable electronic devices are predominantly constructed from impermeable and rigid materials, which thus leads to the mechanical and biochemical disparities between the devices and human tissues, resulting in skin irritation, tissue damage, compromised signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and limited operational lifespans. To address these limitations, a new generation of wearable on-skin electronics built on stretchable and porous substrates has emerged. These substrates offer significant advantages including breathability, conformability, biocompatibility, and mechanical robustness, thus providing solutions for the aforementioned challenges. However, given their diverse nature and varying application scenarios, the careful selection and engineering of suitable substrates is paramount when developing high-performance on-skin electronics tailored to specific applications. This comprehensive review begins with an overview of various stretchable porous substrates, specifically focusing on their fundamental design principles, fabrication processes, and practical applications. Subsequently, a concise comparison of various methods is offered to fabricate epidermal electronics by applying these porous substrates. Following these, the latest advancements and applications of these electronics are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges are summarized and potential future directions in this dynamic field are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiayu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yidong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiayan Long
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Wang J, Xu S, Hu C. Charge Generation and Enhancement of Key Components of Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2409833. [PMID: 39473343 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed remarkable progress in high-performance Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) with the design and synthesis of functional dielectric materials, the exploration of novel dynamic charge transport mechanisms, and the innovative design of architecture, making it one of the most crucial technologies for energy harvesting. High output charge density is fundamental for TENG to expand its application scope and accelerate industrialization; it depends on the dynamic equilibrium of charge generation, trapping, de-trapping, and migration within its core components. Here, this review classifies and summarizes innovative approaches to enhance the charge density of the charge generation, charge trapping, and charge collection layers. The milestone of high charge density TENG is reviewed based on material selection and innovative mechanisms. The state-of-the-art principles and techniques for generating high charge density and suppressing charge decay are discussed and highlighted in detail, and the distinct charge transport mechanisms, the technologies of advanced materials preparation, and the effective charge excitation strategy are emphatically introduced. Lastly, the bottleneck and future research priorities for boosting the output charge density are summarized. A summary of these cutting-edge developments intends to provide readers with a deep understanding of the future design of high-output TENG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Interface Physics in Energy Conversion, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Shuyan Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Interface Physics in Energy Conversion, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Chenguo Hu
- Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Interface Physics in Energy Conversion, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
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Wang S, Fan P, Liu W, Hu B, Guo J, Wang Z, Zhu S, Zhao Y, Fan J, Li G, Xu L. Research Progress of Flexible Electronic Devices Based on Electrospun Nanofibers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:31737-31772. [PMID: 39499656 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers have become an important component in fabricating flexible electronic devices because of their permeability, flexibility, stretchability, and conformability to three-dimensional curved surfaces. This review delves into the advancements in adaptable and flexible electronic devices using electrospun nanofibers as the substrates and explores their diverse and innovative applications. The primary development of key substrates for flexible devices is summarized. After briefly discussing the principle of electrospinning, process parameters that affect electrospinning, and two major electrospinning techniques (i.e., single-fluid electrospinning and multifluid electrospinning), the review shines a spotlight on the recent breakthroughs in multifunctional and stretchable electronic devices that are based on electrospun substrates. These advancements include flexible sensors, flexible energy harvesting and storage devices, flexible accessories for electronic devices, and flexible environmental monitoring devices. In particular, the review outlines the challenges and potential solutions of developing electrospun nanofibers for flexible electronic devices, including overcoming the incompatibility of multiple interfaces, developing 3D microstructure sensor arrays with gradient geometry for various imperceptible on-skin devices, etc. This review may provide a comprehensive understanding of the rational design of application-oriented flexible electronic devices based on electrospun nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shige Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peng Fan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxuan Guo
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Zizhao Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Shengke Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Yipu Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jinchen Fan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Materials Innovation Institute for Life Sciences and Energy (MILES), The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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Zarei M, Jeong AW, Lee SG. Whisker-Implanted Biomimetic Electronic Skin for Tactile Sensing and Blind Perception. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2408162. [PMID: 39498864 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202408162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/07/2024]
Abstract
Rodent whiskers are a distinct class of tactile sensors that work in conjunction with the biological skin to discern airstreams and obstacles with remarkable sensitivity, facilitating navigation around proximate objects. In this study, a flexible artificial skin is developed comprising sensory active units, including electronic skin (e-skin) and an artificial whisker, inspired by the sensory capabilities of rodent skin and whiskers. As a novel strategy, unique congruent air pockets are introduced within the e-skin to enhance the sensitivity. Mechanical stimuli applied to the artificial whisker are efficiently transmitted to the active e-skin, which generates a sensitive tactile perception response. The developed artificial skin exhibits high sensitivity, a wide sensing range, high flexibility, superior stability, and tensile strength. The artificial whisker facilitates the sensitive detection of a broad range of applied mechanical forces. Therefore, the artificial skin can sense subtle and vigorous tactile stimuli including airstreams and field obstacles. The ability to sense, discriminate, and decipher the airstreams and obstacles imparts outstanding tactile sensing and blind perception characteristics to the artificial skin. This artificial skin is a promising platform for the development of sensitive e-skins suitable for a broad range of applications, such as human-machine interfaces, robotics, and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
| | - An Woo Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
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Abol-Fotouh D, Al-Hagar OEA, Roig A. In situ shaping of intricated 3D bacterial cellulose constructs using sacrificial agarose and diverted oxygen inflow. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122495. [PMID: 39174106 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is gathering increased attention due to its remarkable physico-chemical features. The high biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and mechanical and thermal stability endorse BC as a suitable candidate for biomedical applications. Nonetheless, exploiting BC for tissue regeneration demands three-dimensional, intricately shaped implants, a highly ambitious endeavor. This challenge is addressed here by growing BC within a sacrificial viscoelastic medium consisting of an agarose gel cast inside polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds imprinted with the features of the desired implant. BC produced with and without agarose has been compared through SEM, TGA, FTIR, and XRD, probing the mild impact of the agarose on the BC properties. As a first proof of concept, a PDMS mold shaped as a doll's ear was used to produce a BC perfect replica, even for the smallest features. The second trial comprised a doll face imprinted on a PDMS mold. In that case, the BC production included consecutive deactivation and activation of the aerial oxygen stream. The resulting BC face clone fitted perfectly and conformally with the template doll face, while its rheological properties were comparable to those of collagen. This streamlining concept conveys to the biosynthesized nanocelluloses broader opportunities for more advanced prosthetics and soft tissue engineering uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyaa Abol-Fotouh
- Advanced Technology and New Materials Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ola E A Al-Hagar
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anna Roig
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus of the UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Xu Z, Wang G, Zhang A, Li X, Zhao G. Cellulose nanofibers enabled strong and flexible plant-derived thermoplastic polyester elastomer foams for high-performance thermally insulating applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135488. [PMID: 39349318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Flexible thermal insulation materials have garnered significant attention owing to the proliferation of flexible electronic devices and their diverse application environments. Plant-derived thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) foams emerge as promising candidates in the field of flexible thermal insulation. However, inevitable shrinkage behavior of TPEE foams would result in reduced porosity and inferior thermal insulation performance. Hence, a pioneering approach is proposed wherein cellulose nanofibers (CNF) are integrated into TPEE matrixes, complemented by microcellular foaming, aimed at mitigating shrinkage process and enhancing thermal insulation properties. In this work, the relaxation behavior of nanocomposite, corresponding to shrinkage process, has been elucidated through dynamic mechanical analysis. It's found that entanglement of CNF could heighten the internal friction with TPEE molecular chains, coupled with establishment of hydrogen bonds, thereby curbing relaxation phenomena and facilitating the attainment of foams with enhanced and stable porosity. The shrinkage ratio of TPEE/CNF composite foam could be reduced by 20 % without compromising the final porosity. The thermal conductivity would decrease to 37.9 mW/m·K for the TPEE/CNF composite foam with the higher porosity of 0.947. Moreover, the utilization of CNF presents a novel avenue for fabricating TPEE/CNF nanocomposite foams endowed with flexibility, lightweightness, increased porosity, and reduced thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorui Xu
- State key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China; Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Guilong Wang
- State key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China; Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China.
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China; Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- State key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China; Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Guoqun Zhao
- State key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China; Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
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11
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Wang J, Li W, Liu J, Li J, Wang F. A highly stretchable and self-adhesive cellulose complex hydrogels based on PDA@Fe 3+ mediated redox reaction for strain sensor. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136307. [PMID: 39370073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
As the application of conductive hydrogels in the field of wearable smart devices is gradually deepening, a variety of hydrogel sensors with high mechanical properties, strong adhesion, fast self-healing, and excellent conductivity are emerging. However, it is still a great challenge to manufacture hydrogel sensors combining multiple properties. Herein, we leveraged the dynamic redox reaction occurring between polydopamine (PDA) and Fe3+ to induce ammonium persulfate (APS) to generate free radicals, thereby initiating the copolymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers. Then, polypyrrole-encapsulated cellulose nanofibers (PPy@CNF) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were incorporated as conductive reinforced nanofillers and interpenetrating network skeleton. The obtained hydrogel cross-linked through reversible metal-ligand bonds, π-π stacking and abundant hydrogen bonding demonstrated great mechanical properties (strength 240.4 kPa, strain 1175 %) and self-healing ability (88.96 %). Particularly, the gel displayed ultrahigh durability and skin adhesive ability (75 kPa after 10 cycles), surpassing previous skin adhesion hydrogels. Furthermore, through the synergistic conductive effect of PPy@CNF and Fe3+, the prepared hydrogel sensor possessed high sensitivity (GF = 1.89) with a wide sensing range (~1000 %), which could realize the human body's daily motion detection, and had a promising application in flexible wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jingfang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Coinnovat Ctr Efficient Proc & Utilizat Fo, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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12
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Huang J, Xie G, Xu X, Geng Z, Su Y. Degradable Multilayer Fabric Sensor with Wide Detection Range and High Linearity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:58838-58847. [PMID: 39425644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Integration of multiple superior features into a single flexible pressure sensor would result in devices with greater versatility and utility. To apply the device to a variety of scenarios and solve the problem of accumulation of e-waste in the environment, it is highly desirable to combine degradability and wide-range linearity characteristics in a single device. Herein, we reported a degradable multilayer fabric (DMF) consisting of an ellipsoidal carbon nanotube (ECNT) and polyvinylpyrrolidone/cellulose acetate electrospun fibers (PEF). The alternative layer-by-layer stacking of the ECNT and PEF notably accelerates the sensitivity toward pressure. The optimized device demonstrated a sensitivity of 3.38 kPa-1 over a wide measurement range from 0.1 to 500 kPa, as well as great mechanical stability over 2000 cycles. A good degradation performance was confirmed by both Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) characterization and decomposition experiments in sodium hydroxide solution. The fabricated sensor is capable of precepting a variety of physiological scenarios including subtle arterial pulse, dancing training, walking postures, and accidental falls. This work throws light onto the fundamental understanding of the mechanical interfacial coupling in piezoresistive materials and provides possibilities for the design and development of on-demand wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Guangzhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhenya Geng
- Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuanjie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
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13
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Zhou Q, Ding Q, Geng Z, Hu C, Yang L, Kan Z, Dong B, Won M, Song H, Xu L, Kim JS. A Flexible Smart Healthcare Platform Conjugated with Artificial Epidermis Assembled by Three-Dimensionally Conductive MOF Network for Gas and Pressure Sensing. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 17:50. [PMID: 39453552 PMCID: PMC11511809 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
The rising flexible and intelligent electronics greatly facilitate the noninvasive and timely tracking of physiological information in telemedicine healthcare. Meticulously building bionic-sensitive moieties is vital for designing efficient electronic skin with advanced cognitive functionalities to pluralistically capture external stimuli. However, realistic mimesis, both in the skin's three-dimensional interlocked hierarchical structures and synchronous encoding multistimuli information capacities, remains a challenging yet vital need for simplifying the design of flexible logic circuits. Herein, we construct an artificial epidermal device by in situ growing Cu3(HHTP)2 particles onto the hollow spherical Ti3C2Tx surface, aiming to concurrently emulate the spinous and granular layers of the skin's epidermis. The bionic Ti3C2Tx@Cu3(HHTP)2 exhibits independent NO2 and pressure response, as well as novel functionalities such as acoustic signature perception and Morse code-encrypted message communication. Ultimately, a wearable alarming system with a mobile application terminal is self-developed by integrating the bimodular senor into flexible printed circuits. This system can assess risk factors related with asthmatic, such as stimulation of external NO2 gas, abnormal expiratory behavior and exertion degrees of fingers, achieving a recognition accuracy of 97.6% as assisted by a machine learning algorithm. Our work provides a feasible routine to develop intelligent multifunctional healthcare equipment for burgeoning transformative telemedicine diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihang Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Zixun Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chencheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitong Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Miae Won
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- TheranoChem Incorporation, Seoul, 02856, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- TheranoChem Incorporation, Seoul, 02856, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Yin H, Li Y, Tian Z, Li Q, Jiang C, Liang E, Guo Y. Ultra-High Sensitivity Anisotropic Piezoelectric Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring and Robotic Perception. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 17:42. [PMID: 39412621 PMCID: PMC11485280 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring minuscule mechanical signals, both in magnitude and direction, is imperative in many application scenarios, e.g., structural health monitoring and robotic sensing systems. However, the piezoelectric sensor struggles to satisfy the requirements for directional recognition due to the limited piezoelectric coefficient matrix, and achieving sensitivity for detecting micrometer-scale deformations is also challenging. Herein, we develop a vector sensor composed of lead zirconate titanate-electronic grade glass fiber composite filaments with oriented arrangement, capable of detecting minute anisotropic deformations. The as-prepared vector sensor can identify the deformation directions even when subjected to an unprecedented nominal strain of 0.06%, thereby enabling its utility in accurately discerning the 5 μm-height wrinkles in thin films and in monitoring human pulse waves. The ultra-high sensitivity is attributed to the formation of porous ferroelectret and the efficient load transfer efficiency of continuous lead zirconate titanate phase. Additionally, when integrated with machine learning techniques, the sensor's capability to recognize multi-signals enables it to differentiate between 10 types of fine textures with 100% accuracy. The structural design in piezoelectric devices enables a more comprehensive perception of mechanical stimuli, offering a novel perspective for enhancing recognition accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Tian
- Beijing Vacuum Electronics Research Institute, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Qichao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenhui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Enfu Liang
- Fundamental Science On Vibration, Shock and Noise Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Gao X, Zheng M, Hou B, Wu J, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Wang K, Han B. Recent Progress in the Auxiliary Phase Enhanced Flexible Piezocomposites. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024. [DOI: 10.1002/eem2.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Piezocomposites with both flexibility and electromechanical conversion characteristics have been widely applied in various fields, including sensors, energy harvesting, catalysis, and biomedical treatment. In the composition of piezocomposites or their preparation process, a category of materials is commonly employed that do not possess piezoelectric properties themselves but play a crucial role in performance enhancement. In this review, the concept of auxiliary phase is first proposed to define these materials, aiming to provide a new perspective for designing high‐performance piezocomposites. Three different categories of modulation forms of auxiliary phase in piezocomposites are systematically summarized, including the modification of piezo‐matrix, the modification of piezo‐fillers, and the construction of special structures. Each category emphasizes the role of the auxiliary phase and systematically discusses the latest advancements and the physical mechanisms of the auxiliary phase enhanced flexible piezocomposites. Finally, a summary and future outlook of piezocomposites based on the auxiliary phase are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Mupeng Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Boyue Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Junshu Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Mankang Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Yunfan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials Beijing 100089 China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials Beijing 100089 China
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16
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Zhang X, Yin Z, Xiang S, Yan H, Tian H. Degradation of Polymer Materials in the Environment and Its Impact on the Health of Experimental Animals: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2807. [PMID: 39408516 PMCID: PMC11478708 DOI: 10.3390/polym16192807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of polymeric materials has resulted in significant environmental pollution, prompting the need for a deeper understanding of their degradation processes and impacts. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the degradation of polymeric materials in the environment and their impact on the health of experimental animals. It identifies common polymers, delineates their degradation pathways, and describes the resulting products under different environmental conditions. The review covers physical, chemical, and biological degradation mechanisms, highlighting the complex interplay of factors influencing these processes. Furthermore, it examines the health implications of degradation products, using experimental animals as proxies for assessing potential risks to human health. By synthesizing current research, the review focuses on studies related to small organisms (primarily rodents and invertebrates, supplemented by fish and mollusks) to explore the effects of polymer materials on living organisms and underscores the urgency of developing and implementing effective polymer waste management strategies. These strategies are crucial for mitigating the adverse environmental and health impacts of polymer degradation, thus promoting a more sustainable interaction between human activities and the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Zhenxing Yin
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Songbai Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Huayu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Hailing Tian
- Laboratory Animal Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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17
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Fu X, Cheng W, Wan G, Yang Z, Tee BCK. Toward an AI Era: Advances in Electronic Skins. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9899-9948. [PMID: 39198214 PMCID: PMC11397144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skins (e-skins) have seen intense research and rapid development in the past two decades. To mimic the capabilities of human skin, a multitude of flexible/stretchable sensors that detect physiological and environmental signals have been designed and integrated into functional systems. Recently, researchers have increasingly deployed machine learning and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to mimic the human neural system for the processing and analysis of sensory data collected by e-skins. Integrating AI has the potential to enable advanced applications in robotics, healthcare, and human-machine interfaces but also presents challenges such as data diversity and AI model robustness. In this review, we first summarize the functions and features of e-skins, followed by feature extraction of sensory data and different AI models. Next, we discuss the utilization of AI in the design of e-skin sensors and address the key topic of AI implementation in data processing and analysis of e-skins to accomplish a range of different tasks. Subsequently, we explore hardware-layer in-skin intelligence before concluding with an analysis of the challenges and opportunities in the various aspects of AI-enabled e-skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Guanxiang Wan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Zijie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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18
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Shi W, Li H, Chen J, Ching YC, Chuah CH, Xu C, Liu M, Zhang J, Ching KY, Liang Y, Li G, Tang W. Stretchable, Self-Healing, and Bioactive Hydrogel with High-Functionality N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine Dynamically Bonded Ag@polydopamine Crosslinkers for Wearable Sensors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404451. [PMID: 39031305 PMCID: PMC11425271 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels present attractive opportunities as flexible sensors due to their soft nature and tunable physicochemical properties. Despite significant advances, practical application of hydrogel-based sensor is limited by the lack of general routes to fabricate materials with combination of mechanical, conductive, and biological properties. Here, a multi-functional hydrogel sensor is reported by in situ polymerizing of acrylamide (AM) with N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine (BA) dynamic crosslinked silver-modified polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles, namely PAM/BA-Ag@PDA. Compared with traditional polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel, the BA-Ag@PDA nanoparticles provide both high-functionality crosslinks and multiple interactions within PAM networks, thereby endowing the optimized PAM/BA-Ag@PDA hydrogel with significantly enhanced tensile/compressive strength (349.80 kPa at 383.57% tensile strain, 263.08 kPa at 90% compressive strain), lower hysteresis (5.2%), improved conductivity (2.51 S m-1) and excellent near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered self-healing ability. As a strain sensor, the PAM/BA-Ag@PDA hydrogel shows a good sensitivity (gauge factor of 1.86), rapid response time (138 ms), and high stability. Owing to abundant reactive groups in PDA, the PAM/BA-Ag@PDA hydrogel exhibits inherent tissue adhesiveness and antioxidant, along with a synergistic antibacterial effect by PDA and Ag. Toward practical applications, the PAM/BA-Ag@PDA hydrogel can conformally adhere to skin and monitor subtle activities and large-scale movements with excellent reliability, demonstrating its promising applications as wearable sensors for healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine-Intelligence Synergic System, Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine-Intelligence Synergic System, Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yern Chee Ching
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Hock Chuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chengsheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine-Intelligence Synergic System, Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Moran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine-Intelligence Synergic System, Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Kuan Yong Ching
- Foundation, Study and Language Institute, University of Reading-Malaysia Campus, Persiaran Graduan, Kota Ilmu EduCity, Iskandar Puteri, Johor, 79200, Malaysia
| | - Yongsheng Liang
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine-Intelligence Synergic System, Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine-Intelligence Synergic System, Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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19
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Liu X, Sun C, Ye X, Zhu X, Hu C, Tan H, He S, Shao M, Li RW. Neuromorphic Nanoionics for Human-Machine Interaction: From Materials to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311472. [PMID: 38421081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Human-machine interaction (HMI) technology has undergone significant advancements in recent years, enabling seamless communication between humans and machines. Its expansion has extended into various emerging domains, including human healthcare, machine perception, and biointerfaces, thereby magnifying the demand for advanced intelligent technologies. Neuromorphic computing, a paradigm rooted in nanoionic devices that emulate the operations and architecture of the human brain, has emerged as a powerful tool for highly efficient information processing. This paper delivers a comprehensive review of recent developments in nanoionic device-based neuromorphic computing technologies and their pivotal role in shaping the next-generation of HMI. Through a detailed examination of fundamental mechanisms and behaviors, the paper explores the ability of nanoionic memristors and ion-gated transistors to emulate the intricate functions of neurons and synapses. Crucial performance metrics, such as reliability, energy efficiency, flexibility, and biocompatibility, are rigorously evaluated. Potential applications, challenges, and opportunities of using the neuromorphic computing technologies in emerging HMI technologies, are discussed and outlooked, shedding light on the fusion of humans with machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cui Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Cong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Shang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Mengjie Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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20
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Tan D, Guan X, Chung KY, Tang Y, Yang Y, Wang Q, Chen T, Xu B. Smart-Adhesive, Breathable and Waterproof Fibrous Electronic Skins. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2405828. [PMID: 39049726 PMCID: PMC11423153 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
For the need of direct contact with the skin, electronic skins (E-skins) should not only fulfill electric functions, but also ensure comfort during wearing, including permeability, waterproofness, and easy removal. Herein, the study has developed a self-adhesive, detach-on-demand, breathable, and waterproof E-skin (PDSC) for motion sensing and wearable comfort by electrospinning styrene-isoprene block copolymer rubber with carbon black nanosheets as the sensing layer and liner copolymers of N, N-dimethylacrylamide, n-octadecyl acrylate and lauryl methacrylate as the adhesive layer. The high elasticity and microfiber network structure endow the PDSC with good sensitivity and high linearity for strain sensing. The hydrophobic and crystallizable adhesive layer ensures robust, waterproof, and detaching-on-demand skin adhesion. Meanwhile, the fiber structure enables the PDSC good air and water permeability. The integration of electric and wearable functions endows the PDSC with great potential for motion sensing during human activities as both the sensing and wearable performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Tan
- Nanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoyang Guan
- Nanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - King Yan Chung
- Nanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Tang
- Nanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yujue Yang
- Nanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Qian Wang
- Nanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Tiandi Chen
- Nanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Bingang Xu
- Nanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong
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Liu J, Li S, Li S, Tian J, Li H, Pan Z, Lu L, Mao Y. Recent Advances in Natural-Polymer-Based Hydrogels for Body Movement and Biomedical Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:415. [PMID: 39329790 PMCID: PMC11430138 DOI: 10.3390/bios14090415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the interest in medical monitoring for human health has been rapidly increasing due to widespread concern. Hydrogels are widely used in medical monitoring and other fields due to their excellent mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and adhesion. However, some of the non-degradable materials in hydrogels may cause some environmental damage and resource waste. Therefore, organic renewable natural polymers with excellent properties of biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cost and non-toxicity are expected to serve as an alternative to those non-degradable materials, and also provide a broad application prospect for the development of natural-polymer-based hydrogels as flexible electronic devices. This paper reviews the progress of research on many different types of natural-polymer-based hydrogels such as proteins and polysaccharides. The applications of natural-polymer-based hydrogels in body movement detection and biomedical monitoring are then discussed. Finally, the present challenges and future prospects of natural polymer-based hydrogels are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Saisai Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuoze Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinyue Tian
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhifeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lijun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanchao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Zhang Y, Li X, Fu J, Liu L, Zhang C, Duan J. Low-Cost and Paper-Based Micro-Electromechanical Systems Sensor for the Vibration Monitoring of Shield Cutters. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5349. [PMID: 39205043 PMCID: PMC11360200 DOI: 10.3390/s24165349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Vibration sensors are widely used in many fields like industry, agriculture, military, medicine, environment, etc. However, due to the speedy upgrading, most sensors composed of rigid or even toxic materials cause pollution to the environment and give rise to an increased amount of electronic waste. To meet the requirement of green electronics, biodegradable materials are advocated to be used to develop vibration sensors. Herein, a vibration sensor is reported based on a strategy of pencil-drawing graphite on paper. Specifically, a repeated pencil-drawing process is carried out on paper with a zigzag-shaped framework and parallel microgrooves, to form a graphite coating, thus serving as a functional conductive layer for electromechanical signal conversion. To enhance the sensor's sensitivity to vibration, a mass is loaded in the center of the paper, so that higher oscillation amplitude could happen under vibrational excitation. In so doing, the paper-based sensor can respond to vibrations with a wide frequency range from 5 Hz to 1 kHz, and vibrations with a maximum acceleration of 10 g. The results demonstrate that the sensor can not only be utilized for monitoring vibrations generated by the knuckle-knocking of plastic plates or objects falling down but also can be used to detect vibration in areas such as the shield cut head to assess the working conditions of machinery. The paper-based MEMS vibration sensor exhibits merits like easy fabrication, low cost, and being environmentally friendly, which indicates its great application potential in vibration monitoring fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.Z.); (J.F.); (J.D.)
- China Railway 14th Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101, China;
| | - Xinggang Li
- China Railway 14th Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101, China;
| | - Jiangfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.Z.); (J.F.); (J.D.)
| | - Linpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.Z.); (J.F.); (J.D.)
| | - Changchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China;
| | - Ji’an Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Y.Z.); (J.F.); (J.D.)
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Yang X, Chen W, Fan Q, Chen J, Chen Y, Lai F, Liu H. Electronic Skin for Health Monitoring Systems: Properties, Functions, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402542. [PMID: 38754914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin), a skin-like wearable electronic device, holds great promise in the fields of telemedicine and personalized healthcare because of its good flexibility, biocompatibility, skin conformability, and sensing performance. E-skin can monitor various health indicators of the human body in real time and over the long term, including physical indicators (exercise, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) and chemical indicators (saliva, sweat, urine, etc.). In recent years, the development of various materials, analysis, and manufacturing technologies has promoted significant development of e-skin, laying the foundation for the application of next-generation wearable medical technologies and devices. Herein, the properties required for e-skin health monitoring devices to achieve long-term and precise monitoring and summarize several detectable indicators in the health monitoring field are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of integrated e-skin health monitoring systems are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future development directions in this field are discussed. This review is expected to generate great interest and inspiration for the development and improvement of e-skin and health monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Qunfu Fan
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Feili Lai
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Dee-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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24
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Ai Y, Gu ZX, Wang P, Tang YY, Chen XG, Lv HP, Li PF, Jiang Q, Xiong RG, Zhang JJ, Zhang HY. Biodegradable Ferroelectric Molecular Plastic Crystal HOCH 2(CF 2) 7CH 2OH Structurally Inspired by Polyvinylidene Fluoride. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405981. [PMID: 38970528 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials, traditionally comprising inorganic ceramics and polymers, are commonly used in medical implantable devices. However, their nondegradable nature often necessitates secondary surgeries for removal. In contrast, ferroelectric molecular crystals have the advantages of easy solution processing, lightweight, and good biocompatibility, which are promising candidates for transient (short-term) implantable devices. Despite these benefits, the discovered biodegradable ferroelectric materials remain limited due to the absence of efficient design strategies. Here, inspired by the polar structure of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a ferroelectric molecular crystal 1H,1H,9H,9H-perfluoro-1,9-nonanediol (PFND), which undergoes a cubic-to-monoclinic ferroelectric plastic phase transition at 339 K, is discovered. This transition is facilitated by a 2D hydrogen bond network formed through O-H···O interactions among the oriented PFND molecules, which is crucial for the manifestation of ferroelectric properties. In this sense, by reducing the number of -CF2- groups from ≈5 000 in PVDF to seven in PFND, it is demonstrated that this ferroelectric compound only needs simple solution processing while maintaining excellent biosafety, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. This work illuminates the path toward the development of new biodegradable ferroelectric molecular crystals, offering promising avenues for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ai
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Xiao Gu
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Tang
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Chen
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Peng Lv
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Han-Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
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25
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Gao H, Zhao F, Liu J, Meng Z, Han Z, Liu Y. What Exactly Can Bionic Strategies Achieve for Flexible Sensors? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38811-38831. [PMID: 39031068 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Flexible sensors have attracted great attention in the field of wearable electronic devices due to their deformability, lightness, and versatility. However, property improvement remains a key challenge. Fortunately, natural organisms exhibit many unique response mechanisms to various stimuli, and the corresponding structures and compositions provide advanced design ideas for the development of flexible sensors. Therefore, this Review highlights recent advances in sensing performance and functional characteristics of flexible sensors from the perspective of bionics for the first time. First, the "twins" of bionics and flexible sensors are introduced. Second, the enhancements in electrical and mechanical performance through bionic strategies are summarized according to the prototypes of humans, plants, and animals. Third, the functional characteristics of bionic strategies for flexible sensors are discussed in detail, including self-healing, color-changing, tangential force, strain redistribution, and interfacial resistance. Finally, we summarize the challenges and development trends of bioinspired flexible sensors. This Review aims to deepen the understanding of bionic strategies and provide innovative ideas and references for the design and manufacture of next-generation flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanpeng Gao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130022, P. R. China
| | - Zong Meng
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130022, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130022, P. R. China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, China
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He S, Dai J, Wan D, Sun S, Yang X, Xia X, Zi Y. Biomimetic bimodal haptic perception using triboelectric effect. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado6793. [PMID: 38968360 PMCID: PMC11225791 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado6793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Multimodal haptic perception is essential for enhancing perceptual experiences in augmented reality applications. To date, several artificial tactile interfaces have been developed to perceive pressure and precontact signals, while simultaneously detecting object type and softness with quantified modulus still remains challenging. Here, inspired by the campaniform sensilla on insect antennae, we proposed a hemispherical bimodal intelligent tactile sensor (BITS) array using the triboelectric effect. The system is capable of softness identification, modulus quantification, and material type recognition. In principle, due to the varied deformability of materials, the BITS generates unique triboelectric output fingerprints when in contact with the tested object. Furthermore, owing to the different electron affinities, the BITS array can accurately recognize material type (99.4% accuracy), facilitating softness recognition (100% accuracy) and modulus quantification. It is promising that the BITS based on the triboelectric effect has the potential to be miniaturized to provide real-time accurate haptic information as an artificial antenna toward applications of human-machine integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshuai He
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhong Dai
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Wan
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengshu Sun
- Medical School, Chinese PLA, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiya Yang
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunlong Zi
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong, China
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Jia L, Li Y, Ren A, Xiang T, Zhou S. Degradable and Recyclable Hydrogels for Sustainable Bioelectronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32887-32905. [PMID: 38904545 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel bioelectronics has been widely used in wearable sensors, electronic skin, human-machine interfaces, and implantable tissue-electrode interfaces, providing great convenience for human health, safety, and education. The generation of electronic waste from bioelectronic devices jeopardizes human health and the natural environment. The development of degradable and recyclable hydrogels is recognized as a paradigm for realizing the next generation of environmentally friendly and sustainable bioelectronics. This review first summarizes the wide range of applications for bioelectronics, including wearable and implantable devices. Then, the employment of natural and synthetic polymers in hydrogel bioelectronics is discussed in terms of degradability and recyclability. Finally, this work provides constructive thoughts and perspectives on the current challenges toward hydrogel bioelectronics, providing valuable insights and guidance for the future evolution of sustainable hydrogel bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghao Jia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yuanhong Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Aobo Ren
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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28
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Du Y, Kim JH, Kong H, Li AA, Jin ML, Kim DH, Wang Y. Biocompatible Electronic Skins for Cardiovascular Health Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303461. [PMID: 38569196 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a significant threat to the overall well-being of the global population. Continuous monitoring of vital signs related to cardiovascular health is essential for improving daily health management. Currently, there has been remarkable proliferation of technology focused on collecting data related to cardiovascular diseases through daily electronic skin monitoring. However, concerns have arisen regarding potential skin irritation and inflammation due to the necessity for prolonged wear of wearable devices. To ensure comfortable and uninterrupted cardiovascular health monitoring, the concept of biocompatible electronic skin has gained substantial attention. In this review, biocompatible electronic skins for cardiovascular health monitoring are comprehensively summarized and discussed. The recent achievements of biocompatible electronic skin in cardiovascular health monitoring are introduced. Their working principles, fabrication processes, and performances in sensing technologies, materials, and integration systems are highlighted, and comparisons are made with other electronic skins used for cardiovascular monitoring. In addition, the significance of integrating sensing systems and the updating wireless communication for the development of the smart medical field is explored. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for wearable electronic skin are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Du
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Institute for Future, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ji Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Kong
- Institute for Future, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Anne Ailina Li
- Institute for Future, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ming Liang Jin
- Institute for Future, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
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29
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Youn S, Ki MR, Abdelhamid MAA, Pack SP. Biomimetic Materials for Skin Tissue Regeneration and Electronic Skin. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:278. [PMID: 38786488 PMCID: PMC11117890 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic materials have become a promising alternative in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to address critical challenges in wound healing and skin regeneration. Skin-mimetic materials have enormous potential to improve wound healing outcomes and enable innovative diagnostic and sensor applications. Human skin, with its complex structure and diverse functions, serves as an excellent model for designing biomaterials. Creating effective wound coverings requires mimicking the unique extracellular matrix composition, mechanical properties, and biochemical cues. Additionally, integrating electronic functionality into these materials presents exciting possibilities for real-time monitoring, diagnostics, and personalized healthcare. This review examines biomimetic skin materials and their role in regenerative wound healing, as well as their integration with electronic skin technologies. It discusses recent advances, challenges, and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Youn
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (M.A.A.A.)
| | - Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (M.A.A.A.)
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (M.A.A.A.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Seung-Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (M.A.A.A.)
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30
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Wang Y, Luo Z, Zheng Z, Ye X, Xue G, Qian Y, Chen L. "Sweat-Driven" MXene Composites with Energy-Storage and Thermal-Management Multifunctions: A Platform for Versatile Electronic Skins. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309498. [PMID: 38084445 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Most exogenous electronic skins (e-skins) currently face challenges of complex structure and poor compatibility with the human body. Utilizing human secretions (e.g., sweat) to develop e-skins is an effective solution strategy. Here, a new kind of "sweat-driven" e-skin is proposed, which realizes energy-storage and thermal-management multifunctions. Through the layer-by-layer assembly of MXene-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite with paper, lightweight and versatile e-skins based on supercapacitors and actuators are fabricated. Long CNTs wrap and entangle MXene nanosheets, enhancing their long-distance conductivity. Furthermore, the CNT network overcomes the structural collapse of MXene in sweat, improving the energy-storage performance of e-skin. The "sweat-driven" all-in-one supercapacitor with a trilayer structure is patternable, which absorbs sweat as electrolyte and harnesses the ions therein to store energy, exhibiting an areal capacitance of 282.3 mF cm-2 and a high power density (2117.8 µW cm-2). The "sweat-driven" actuator with a bilayer structure can be driven by moisture (bending curvature of 0.9 cm-1) and sweat for personal thermal management. Therefore, the paper serves as a separator, actuating layer, patternable layer, sweat extractor, and reservoir. The "sweat-driven" MXene-CNT composite provides a platform for versatile e-skins, which achieve the interaction with humans and offer insights into the development of multifunctional wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhiling Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhonghua Zheng
- Concord University College, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuhui Ye
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Guanfeng Xue
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Yongqiang Qian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Luzhuo Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
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Yang C, Wang H, Cao Z, Chen X, Zhou G, Zhao H, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Sun B. Memristor-Based Bionic Tactile Devices: Opening the Door for Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308918. [PMID: 38149504 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired tactile devices can effectively mimic and reproduce the functions of the human tactile system, presenting significant potential in the field of next-generation wearable electronics. In particular, memristor-based bionic tactile devices have attracted considerable attention due to their exceptional characteristics of high flexibility, low power consumption, and adaptability. These devices provide advanced wearability and high-precision tactile sensing capabilities, thus emerging as an important research area within bioinspired electronics. This paper delves into the integration of memristors with other sensing and controlling systems and offers a comprehensive analysis of the recent research advancements in memristor-based bionic tactile devices. These advancements incorporate artificial nociceptors and flexible electronic skin (e-skin) into the category of bio-inspired sensors equipped with capabilities for sensing, processing, and responding to stimuli, which are expected to catalyze revolutionary changes in human-computer interaction. Finally, this review discusses the challenges faced by memristor-based bionic tactile devices in terms of material selection, structural design, and sensor signal processing for the development of artificial intelligence. Additionally, it also outlines future research directions and application prospects of these devices, while proposing feasible solutions to address the identified challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Zelin Cao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Brain-inspired Computing & Intelligent Control of Chongqing Key Lab, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 DongChuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Bai Sun
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
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32
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Luo X, Tan H, Wen W. Recent Advances in Wearable Healthcare Devices: From Material to Application. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:358. [PMID: 38671780 PMCID: PMC11048539 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the proliferation of wearable healthcare devices has marked a revolutionary shift in the personal health monitoring and management paradigm. These devices, ranging from fitness trackers to advanced biosensors, have not only made healthcare more accessible, but have also transformed the way individuals engage with their health data. By continuously monitoring health signs, from physical-based to biochemical-based such as heart rate and blood glucose levels, wearable technology offers insights into human health, enabling a proactive rather than a reactive approach to healthcare. This shift towards personalized health monitoring empowers individuals with the knowledge and tools to make informed decisions about their lifestyle and medical care, potentially leading to the earlier detection of health issues and more tailored treatment plans. This review presents the fabrication methods of flexible wearable healthcare devices and their applications in medical care. The potential challenges and future prospectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute (SHCIRI), Futian, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Handong Tan
- Department of Individualized Interdisciplinary Program (Advanced Materials), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Weijia Wen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute (SHCIRI), Futian, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Xu C, Chen J, Zhu Z, Liu M, Lan R, Chen X, Tang W, Zhang Y, Li H. Flexible Pressure Sensors in Human-Machine Interface Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306655. [PMID: 38009791 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensors are highly flexible, malleable, and capable of adapting todifferent shapes, surfaces, and environments, which opens a wide range ofpotential applications in the field of human-machine interface (HMI). Inparticular, flexible pressure sensors as a crucial member of the flexiblesensor family, are widely used in wearable devices, health monitoringinstruments, robots and other fields because they can achieve accuratemeasurement and convert the pressure into electrical signals. The mostintuitive feeling that flexible sensors bring to people is the change ofhuman-machine interface interaction, from the previous rigid interaction suchas keyboard and mouse to flexible interaction such as smart gloves, more inline with people's natural control habits. Many advanced flexible pressuresensors have emerged through extensive research and development, and to adaptto various fields of application. Researchers have been seeking to enhanceperformance of flexible pressure sensors through improving materials, sensingmechanisms, fabrication methods, and microstructures. This paper reviews the flexible pressure sensors in HMI in recent years, mainlyincluding the following aspects: current cutting-edge flexible pressuresensors; sensing mechanisms, substrate materials and active materials; sensorfabrication, performances, and their optimization methods; the flexiblepressure sensors for various HMI applications and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Xu
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhengfang Zhu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Moran Liu
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ronghua Lan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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34
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Lee JH, Cho K, Kim JK. Age of Flexible Electronics: Emerging Trends in Soft Multifunctional Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310505. [PMID: 38258951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
With the commercialization of first-generation flexible mobiles and displays in the late 2010s, humanity has stepped into the age of flexible electronics. Inevitably, soft multifunctional sensors, as essential components of next-generation flexible electronics, have attracted tremendous research interest like never before. This review is dedicated to offering an overview of the latest emerging trends in soft multifunctional sensors and their accordant future research and development (R&D) directions for the coming decade. First, key characteristics and the predominant target stimuli for soft multifunctional sensors are highlighted. Second, important selection criteria for soft multifunctional sensors are introduced. Next, emerging materials/structures and trends for soft multifunctional sensors are identified. Specifically, the future R&D directions of these sensors are envisaged based on their emerging trends, namely i) decoupling of multiple stimuli, ii) data processing, iii) skin conformability, and iv) energy sources. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities for these sensors in future are discussed, offering new insights into prospects in the fast-emerging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jang-Kyo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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35
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Zhang HY, Tang YY, Gu ZX, Wang P, Chen XG, Lv HP, Li PF, Jiang Q, Gu N, Ren S, Xiong RG. Biodegradable ferroelectric molecular crystal with large piezoelectric response. Science 2024; 383:1492-1498. [PMID: 38547269 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Transient implantable piezoelectric materials are desirable for biosensing, drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and antimicrobial and tumor therapy. For use in the human body, they must show flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These requirements are challenging for conventional inorganic piezoelectric oxides and piezoelectric polymers. We discovered high piezoelectricity in a molecular crystal HOCH2(CF2)3CH2OH [2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoropentane-1,5-diol (HFPD)] with a large piezoelectric coefficient d33 of ~138 picocoulombs per newton and piezoelectric voltage constant g33 of ~2450 × 10-3 volt-meters per newton under no poling conditions, which also exhibits good biocompatibility toward biological cells and desirable biodegradation and biosafety in physiological environments. HFPD can be composite with polyvinyl alcohol to form flexible piezoelectric films with a d33 of 34.3 picocoulombs per newton. Our material demonstrates the ability for molecular crystals to have attractive piezoelectric properties and should be of interest for applications in transient implantable electromechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Tang
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Xiao Gu
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Chen
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Peng Lv
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
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Kondaveeti S, Choi G, Veerla SC, Kim S, Kim J, Lee HJ, Kuzhiumparambil U, Ralph PJ, Yeo J, Jeong HE. Mussel-inspired resilient hydrogels with strong skin adhesion and high-sensitivity for wearable device. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:12. [PMID: 38512587 PMCID: PMC10957857 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable and self-adhesive conductive hydrogels hold significant importance across a wide spectrum of applications, including human-machine interfaces, wearable devices, and soft robotics. However, integrating multiple properties, such as high stretchability, strong interfacial adhesion, self-healing capability, and sensitivity, into a single material poses significant technical challenges. Herein, we present a multifunctional conductive hydrogel based on poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), dopamine-functionalized pectin (PT-DA), polydopamine-coated reduction graphene oxide (rGO-PDA), and Fe3+ as an ionic cross-linker. This hydrogel exhibits a combination of high stretchability (2000%), rapid self-healing (~ 94% recovery in 5 s), and robust self-adhesion to various substrates. Notably, the hydrogel demonstrates a remarkable skin adhesion strength of 85 kPa, surpassing previous skin adhesive hydrogels. Furthermore, incorporating rGO within the hydrogel network creates electric pathways, ensuring excellent conductivity (0.56 S m-1). Consequently, these conductive hydrogels exhibit strain-sensing properties with a significant increase in gauge factor (GF) of 14.6, covering an extensive detection range of ~ 1000%, fast response (198 ms) and exceptional cycle stability. These multifunctional hydrogels can be seamlessly integrated into motion detection sensors capable of distinguishing between various strong or subtle movements of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stalin Kondaveeti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Geonjun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarath Chandra Veerla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Somi Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeil Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Peter J Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Junyeob Yeo
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoon Eui Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Xue J, Liu D, Li D, Hong T, Li C, Zhu Z, Sun Y, Gao X, Guo L, Shen X, Ma P, Zheng Q. New Carbon Materials for Multifunctional Soft Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312596. [PMID: 38490737 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Soft electronics are garnering significant attention due to their wide-ranging applications in artificial skin, health monitoring, human-machine interaction, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things. Various soft physical sensors such as mechanical sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors are the fundamental building blocks for soft electronics. While the fast growth and widespread utilization of electronic devices have elevated life quality, the consequential electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pose potential threats to device precision and human health. Another substantial concern pertains to overheating issues that occur during prolonged operation. Therefore, the design of multifunctional soft electronics exhibiting excellent capabilities in sensing, EMI shielding, and thermal management is of paramount importance. Because of the prominent advantages in chemical stability, electrical and thermal conductivity, and easy functionalization, new carbon materials including carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, graphdiyne, and sustainable natural-biomass-derived carbon are particularly promising candidates for multifunctional soft electronics. This review summarizes the latest advancements in multifunctional soft electronics based on new carbon materials across a range of performance aspects, mainly focusing on the structure or composite design, and fabrication method on the physical signals monitoring, EMI shielding, and thermal management. Furthermore, the device integration strategies and corresponding intriguing applications are highlighted. Finally, this review presents prospects aimed at overcoming current barriers and advancing the development of state-of-the-art multifunctional soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xue
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Da Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Tianzeng Hong
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Chuanbing Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Zifu Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Xiaobo Gao
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- The Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Qingbin Zheng
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
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38
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Ling Z, Gu Q, Tan Y, Yan M, Dong H, Shao L, Chen S, Xu Y, Lu C, Yong Q. Biomimetic construction of environmental-tolerant composite hydrogels based on galactomannan for tough, flexible and conductive sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129859. [PMID: 38302020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable composite hydrogel materials with harsh environmental adaption and tolerance capability have received considerable interests but still remain as challenges. In this work, biomimetic strategy was adapted for construction of three-dimensional galactomannan (GM) hydrogels with intercalation of flexible polymer chains polyethyleneimine (PEI), biomacromolecules tannin acid (TA) and CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The hydrogels cross-linked with double-networks (DN) present not only pH-responsive water absorption property, but also boosted mechanical strength with highest toughness of 326 kJ/m3 and Young's modulus of 220 kPa. Self-healing and anti-freezing capabilities were revealed for the hydrogels by maintaining of fracture elongation (23 %) and fracture strength (250 kPa). TA, CeO2 NPs as well as the amide groups in PEI of the hydrogels introduced excellent bacterial prohibition performance on both Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Also, due to the existence of the free ions, the hydrogels exhibited electric conductive properties, with wide-range high sensitivity and long-time conductive stability. In addition, various tensile strain degrees were related to the conductive resistance values, and the great recovery performance was proved by cyclic tensile-conductive tests for 3000 times. Therefore, the proposed GM-based hydrogels displayed great potentials as strain sensors that are adaptable and tolerant to various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mengxing Yan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hanqi Dong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lupeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanglei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuanwei Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Wang J, Qi Y, Gui Y, Wang C, Wu Y, Yao J, Wang J. Ultrastretchable E-Skin Based on Conductive Hydrogel Microfibers for Wearable Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305951. [PMID: 37817356 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Conductive microfibers play a significant role in the flexibility, stretchability, and conductivity of electronic skin (e-skin). Currently, the fabrication of conductive microfibers suffers from either time-consuming and complex operations or is limited in complex fabrication environments. Thus, it presents a one-step method to prepare conductive hydrogel microfibers based on microfluidics for the construction of ultrastretchable e-skin. The microfibers are achieved with conductive MXene cores and hydrogel shells, which are solidified with the covalent cross-linking between sodium alginate and calcium chloride, and mechanically enhanced by the complexation reaction of poly(vinyl alcohol) and sodium hydroxide. The microfiber conductivities are tailorable by adjusting the flow rate and concentration of core and shell fluids, which is essential to more practical applications in complex scenarios. More importantly, patterned e-skin based on conductive hydrogel microfibers can be constructed by combining microfluidics with 3D printing technology. Because of the great advantages in mechanical and electrical performance of the microfibers, the achieved e-skin shows impressive stretching and sensitivity, which also demonstrate attractive application values in motion monitoring and gesture recognition. These characteristics indicate that the ultrastretchable e-skin based on conductive hydrogel microfibers has great potential for applications in health monitoring, wearable devices, and smart medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Wang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Yongkang Qi
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Yuhan Gui
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Yikai Wu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Jiandong Yao
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China
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40
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Lee J, Miri S, Bayro A, Kim M, Jeong H, Yeo WH. Biosignal-integrated robotic systems with emerging trends in visual interfaces: A systematic review. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:011301. [PMID: 38510371 PMCID: PMC10903439 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Human-machine interfaces (HMI) are currently a trendy and rapidly expanding area of research. Interestingly, the human user does not readily observe the interface between humans and machines. Instead, interactions between the machine and electrical signals from the user's body are obscured by complex control algorithms. The result is effectively a one-way street, wherein data is only transmitted from human to machine. Thus, a gap remains in the literature: how can information be effectively conveyed to the user to enable mutual understanding between humans and machines? Here, this paper reviews recent advancements in biosignal-integrated wearable robotics, with a particular emphasis on "visualization"-the presentation of relevant data, statistics, and visual feedback to the user. This review article covers various signals of interest, such as electroencephalograms and electromyograms, and explores novel sensor architectures and key materials. Recent developments in wearable robotics are examined from control and mechanical design perspectives. Additionally, we discuss current visualization methods and outline the field's future direction. While much of the HMI field focuses on biomedical and healthcare applications, such as rehabilitation of spinal cord injury and stroke patients, this paper also covers less common applications in manufacturing, defense, and other domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sina Miri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Allison Bayro
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Heejin Jeong
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
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41
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Park J, Lee Y, Cho S, Choe A, Yeom J, Ro YG, Kim J, Kang DH, Lee S, Ko H. Soft Sensors and Actuators for Wearable Human-Machine Interfaces. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1464-1534. [PMID: 38314694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Haptic human-machine interfaces (HHMIs) combine tactile sensation and haptic feedback to allow humans to interact closely with machines and robots, providing immersive experiences and convenient lifestyles. Significant progress has been made in developing wearable sensors that accurately detect physical and electrophysiological stimuli with improved softness, functionality, reliability, and selectivity. In addition, soft actuating systems have been developed to provide high-quality haptic feedback by precisely controlling force, displacement, frequency, and spatial resolution. In this Review, we discuss the latest technological advances of soft sensors and actuators for the demonstration of wearable HHMIs. We particularly focus on highlighting material and structural approaches that enable desired sensing and feedback properties necessary for effective wearable HHMIs. Furthermore, promising practical applications of current HHMI technology in various areas such as the metaverse, robotics, and user-interactive devices are discussed in detail. Finally, this Review further concludes by discussing the outlook for next-generation HHMI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngoh Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungse Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayoung Choe
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghee Yeom
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Goo Ro
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjae Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
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42
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Ding Y, Jiang J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Zheng Z. Porous Conductive Textiles for Wearable Electronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1535-1648. [PMID: 38373392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, researchers have made significant strides in the development of novel flexible/stretchable and conductive materials, enabling the creation of cutting-edge electronic devices for wearable applications. Among these, porous conductive textiles (PCTs) have emerged as an ideal material platform for wearable electronics, owing to their light weight, flexibility, permeability, and wearing comfort. This Review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the progress and state of the art of utilizing PCTs for the design and fabrication of a wide variety of wearable electronic devices and their integrated wearable systems. To begin with, we elucidate how PCTs revolutionize the form factors of wearable electronics. We then discuss the preparation strategies of PCTs, in terms of the raw materials, fabrication processes, and key properties. Afterward, we provide detailed illustrations of how PCTs are used as basic building blocks to design and fabricate a wide variety of intrinsically flexible or stretchable devices, including sensors, actuators, therapeutic devices, energy-harvesting and storage devices, and displays. We further describe the techniques and strategies for wearable electronic systems either by hybridizing conventional off-the-shelf rigid electronic components with PCTs or by integrating multiple fibrous devices made of PCTs. Subsequently, we highlight some important wearable application scenarios in healthcare, sports and training, converging technologies, and professional specialists. At the end of the Review, we discuss the challenges and perspectives on future research directions and give overall conclusions. As the demand for more personalized and interconnected devices continues to grow, PCT-based wearables hold immense potential to redefine the landscape of wearable technology and reshape the way we live, work, and play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Ding
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Jiang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingsi Wu
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yaokang Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Zhou
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qiyao Huang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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Xu J, Huang H, Sun C, Yu J, Wang M, Dong T, Wang S, Chen X, Cui T, Li J. Flexible Accelerated-Wound-Healing Antibacterial Hydrogel-Nanofiber Scaffold for Intelligent Wearable Health Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5438-5450. [PMID: 38112719 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Flexible epidermal sensors hold significant potential in personalized healthcare and multifunctional electronic skins. Nonetheless, achieving both robust sensing performance and efficient antibacterial protection, especially in medical paradigms involving electrophysiological signals for wound healing and intelligent health monitoring, remains a substantial challenge. Herein, we introduce a novel flexible accelerated-wound-healing biomaterial based on a hydrogel-nanofiber scaffold (HNFS) via electrostatic spinning and gel cross-linking. We effectively engineer a multifunctional tissue nanoengineered skin scaffold for wound treatment and health monitoring. Key features of HNFS include high tensile strength (24.06 MPa) and elasticity (214.67%), flexibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial properties, enabling assembly into versatile sensors for monitoring human motion and electrophysiological signals. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that HNFS significantly enhances cell proliferation and skin wound healing, provide a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for smart sensing and tissue repair, and guide the development of high-performance "wound healing-health monitoring" bioelectronic skin scaffolds. Therefore, this study provides insights into crafting flexible and repairable skin sensors, holding potential for multifunctional health diagnostics and intelligent medical applications in intelligent wearable health monitoring and next-generation artificial skin fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211106, P.R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211106, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211106, P.R. China
| | - Jiafei Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211106, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211106, P.R. China
| | - Ting Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Shiheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211106, P.R. China
| | - Xinhao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211106, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211106, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211106, P.R. China
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Peng Y, Peng H, Chen Z, Zhang J. Ultrasensitive Soft Sensor from Anisotropic Conductive Biphasic Liquid Metal-Polymer Gels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305707. [PMID: 38053434 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Subtle vibrations, such as sound and ambient noises, are common mechanical waves that can transmit energy and signals for modern technologies such as robotics and health management devices. However, soft electronics cannot accurately distinguish ultrasmall vibrations owing to their extremely small pressure, complex vibration waveforms, and high noise susceptibility. This study successfully recognizes signals from subtle vibrations using a highly flexible anisotropic conductive gel (ACG) based on biphasic liquid metals. The relationships between the anisotropic structure, subtle vibrations, and electrical performance are investigated using rheological-electrical experiments. The refined anisotropic design successfully realized low-cost flexible electronics with ultrahigh sensitivity (Gauge Factor: 12787), extremely low detection limit (strain: 0.01%), and excellent frequency recognition accuracy (>99%), significantly surpassing those of current flexible sensors. The ultrasensitive flexible electronics in this study are beneficial for diverse advanced technologies such as acoustic engineering, wearable electronics, and intelligent robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
- Center for Advanced Electronic Materials Research, Wuxi Campus, Southeast University, Wuxi, 214061, P. R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Zixun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Jiuyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
- Center for Advanced Electronic Materials Research, Wuxi Campus, Southeast University, Wuxi, 214061, P. R. China
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Shi Y, Guan Y, Liu M, Kang X, Tian Y, Deng W, Yu P, Ning C, Zhou L, Fu R, Tan G. Tough, Antifreezing, and Piezoelectric Organohydrogel as a Flexible Wearable Sensor for Human-Machine Interaction. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3720-3732. [PMID: 38237072 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Piezoelectric hydrogel sensors are becoming increasingly popular for wearable sensing applications due to their high sensitivity, self-powered performance, and simple preparation process. However, conventional piezoelectric hydrogels lack antifreezing properties and are thus confronted with the liability of rupture in low temperatures owing to the use of water as the dispersion medium. Herein, a kind of piezoelectric organohydrogel that integrates piezoelectricity, low-temperature tolerance, mechanical robustness, and stable electrical performance is reported by using poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), acrylonitrile (AN), acrylamide (AAm), p-styrenesulfonate (NaSS), glycerol, and zinc chloride. In detail, the dipolar interaction of the PVDF chain with the PAN chain facilitates the crystal phase transition of PVDF from the α to β phase, which endows the organohydrogels with a high piezoelectric constant d33 of 35 pC/N. In addition, the organohydrogels are highly ductile and can withstand significant tensile and compressive forces through the synergy of the dipolar interaction and amide hydrogen bonding. Besides, by incorporating glycerol and zinc chloride, the growth of ice crystals is inhibited, allowing the organohydrogels to maintain stable flexibility and sensitivity even at -20 °C. The real-time monitoring of the pulse signal for up to 2 min indicates that the gel sensor has stable sensitivity. It is believed that our organohydrogels will have good prospects in future wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Youjun Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchang Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Weicheng Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyun Ning
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Rumin Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Wang W, Zhu J, Wang C, Zhu T, Zhao C, Wang J, Zhang S, Wang X, Chang KC, Meng H, Chan M, Zhang M. Ultraflexible Monolithic Three-Dimensional Static Random Access Memory. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3362-3368. [PMID: 38227541 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Flexible static random access memory (SRAM) plays an important role in flexible electronics and systems. However, achieving SRAM with a small footprint, high flexibility, and high thermal stability has always been a big challenge. In this work, an ultraflexible six-transistor SRAM with high integration density is realized based on a monolithic three-dimensional (M3D) design. In this design, vertical stacked n-type indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistors and p-type carbon nanotube transistors share common gate and drain electrodes, respectively, saving interlayer vias used in traditional M3D designs. This compact architecture reduces the footprint of the SRAM cell from a six-transistor to a four-transistor area, saving 33% of the area, and significantly enables the SRAM to have the highest flexibility among the reported ones, withstanding a harsh deforming process (6000 cycles of bending at a radius of 500 μm) without performance degradation. Moreover, this design facilitates the thermal stability of the SRAM under high temperature (333 K). It also exhibits great static and dynamic performance, with the highest normalized hold noise margin of 73.6%, a maximum gain of 151.2, and a minimum static power consumption of 3.15 μW in hold operation among the reported flexible SRAMs. This demonstration provides possibilities for SRAMs to be used in advanced wearable system applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaona Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chunxiu Wang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Changbin Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shengdong Zhang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kuan-Chang Chang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mansun Chan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Zhang J, Wei S, Liu C, Shang C, He Z, Duan Y, Peng Z. Porous nanocomposites with enhanced intrinsic piezoresistive sensitivity for bioinspired multimodal tactile sensors. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:19. [PMID: 38283382 PMCID: PMC10811241 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we propose porous fluororubber/thermoplastic urethane nanocomposites (PFTNs) and explore their intrinsic piezoresistive sensitivity to pressure. Our experiments reveal that the intrinsic sensitivity of the PFTN-based sensor to pressure up to 10 kPa increases up to 900% compared to the porous thermoplastic urethane nanocomposite (PTN) counterpart and up to 275% compared to the porous fluororubber nanocomposite (PFN) counterpart. For pressures exceeding 10 kPa, the resistance-pressure relationship of PFTN follows a logarithmic function, and the sensitivity is 221% and 125% higher than that of PTN and PFN, respectively. With the excellent intrinsic sensitivity of the thick PFTN film, a single sensing unit with integrated electrode design can imitate human skin for touch detection, pressure perception and traction sensation. The sensing range of our multimodal tactile sensor reaches ~150 Pa, and it exhibits a linear fit over 97% for both normal pressure and shear force. We also demonstrate that an electronic skin, made of an array of sensing units, is capable of accurately recognizing complex tactile interactions including pinch, spread, and tweak motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Song Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Caichao Liu
- Linksense Technology Ltd., 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Chao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Yu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Zhengchun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
- Linksense Technology Ltd., 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
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48
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Siboro P, Sharma AK, Lai PJ, Jayakumar J, Mi FL, Chen HL, Chang Y, Sung HW. Harnessing HfO 2 Nanoparticles for Wearable Tumor Monitoring and Sonodynamic Therapy in Advancing Cancer Care. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2485-2499. [PMID: 38197613 PMCID: PMC10811684 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Addressing the critical requirement for real-time monitoring of tumor progression in cancer care, this study introduces an innovative wearable platform. This platform employs a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film embedded with hafnium oxide nanoparticles (HfO2 NPs) to facilitate dynamic tracking of tumor growth and regression in real time. Significantly, the synthesized HfO2 NPs exhibit promising characteristics as effective sonosensitizers, holding the potential to efficiently eliminate cancer cells through ultrasound irradiation. The TPU-HfO2 film, acting as a dielectric elastomer (DE) strain sensor, undergoes proportional deformation in response to changes in the tumor volume, thereby influencing its electrical impedance. This distinctive behavior empowers the DE strain sensor to continuously and accurately monitor alterations in tumor volume, determining the optimal timing for initiating HfO2 NP treatment, optimizing dosages, and assessing treatment effectiveness. Seamless integration with a wireless system allows instant transmission of detected electrical impedances to a smartphone for real-time data processing and visualization, enabling immediate patient monitoring and timely intervention by remote medical staff. By combining the dynamic tumor monitoring capabilities of the TPU-HfO2 film with the sonosensitizer potential of HfO2 NPs, this approach propels cancer care into the realm of telemedicine, representing a significant advancement in patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putry
Yosefa Siboro
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Pei-Jhun Lai
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Jayachandran Jayakumar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Fwu-Long Mi
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College
of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 23142, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Yen Chang
- Taipei
Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of
Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
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49
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Sayyad PW, Park SJ, Ha TJ. Bioinspired nanoplatforms for human-machine interfaces: Recent progress in materials and device applications. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108297. [PMID: 38061687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The panoramic characteristics of human-machine interfaces (HMIs) have prompted the needs to update the biotechnology community with the recent trends, developments, and future research direction toward next-generation bioelectronics. Bioinspired materials are promising for integrating various bioelectronic devices to realize HMIs. With the advancement of scientific biotechnology, state-of-the-art bioelectronic applications have been extensively investigated to improve the quality of life by developing and integrating bioinspired nanoplatforms in HMIs. This review highlights recent trends and developments in the field of biotechnology based on bioinspired nanoplatforms by demonstrating recently explored materials and cutting-edge device applications. Section 1 introduces the recent trends and developments of bioinspired nanomaterials for HMIs. Section 2 reviews various flexible, wearable, biocompatible, and biodegradable nanoplatforms for bioinspired applications. Section 3 furnishes recently explored substrates as carriers for advanced nanomaterials in developing HMIs. Section 4 addresses recently invented biomimetic neuroelectronic, nanointerfaces, biointerfaces, and nano/microfluidic wearable bioelectronic devices for various HMI applications, such as healthcare, biopotential monitoring, and body fluid monitoring. Section 5 outlines designing and engineering of bioinspired sensors for HMIs. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for next-generation bioinspired nanoplatforms in extending the potential on HMIs are discussed for a near-future scenario. We believe this review can stimulate the integration of bioinspired nanoplatforms into the HMIs in addition to wearable electronic skin and health-monitoring devices while addressing prevailing and future healthcare and material-related problems in biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasha W Sayyad
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Park
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
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50
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Gandia A, Adamatzky A. Fungal skin for robots. Biosystems 2024; 235:105106. [PMID: 38128872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in mycelium technology, stemming from fungal electronics and the development of living mycelium composites and skins, have opened new avenues in the fusion of biological and artificial systems. This paper explores an experimental endeavour that successfully incorporates living, self-regenerating, and reactive Ganoderma sessile mycelium into a model cyborg figure, creating a bio-cybernetic entity. The mycelium, cultivated using established techniques, was homogeneously grown on the cyborg model's surface, demonstrating robust reactivity to various stimuli such as light exposure and touch. This innovative merger points towards the future of sustainable biomaterials and the potential integration of these materials into new and existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Gandia
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
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