1
|
Holuka C, Grova N, Charalambous EG, Le Cléac H J, Turner JD, Mposhi A. Transgenerational impacts of early life adversity: from health determinants, implications to epigenetic consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105785. [PMID: 38945418 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to different environmental factors, social and socioeconomic factors promotes development of the early-life adversity (ELA) phenotype. The persistence of this phenotype across generations is an interesting phenomenon that remains unexplored. Of late many studies have focused on disease-associated outcomes of ELA following exposure during childhood but the persistence of epigenetic imprints transmitted by ELA exposed parents to their offspring remains poorly described. It is possible that both parents are able to transmit ELA-associated genetic imprints to their offspring via transgenerational inheritance mechanisms. Here, we highlight the role of the mother and father in the biological process of conception, from epigenetic reprogramming cycles to later environmental exposures. We explain some of the known determinants of ELA (pollution, socioeconomic challenges, infections, etc.) and their disease-associated outcomes. Finally, we highlight the role of epigenetics, mitochondria and ncRNAs as mechanisms mediating transgenerational inheritance. Whether these transgenerational inheritance mechanisms occur in the human context remains unclear but there is a large body of suggestive evidence in non-human models that points out to its existence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Holuka
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, University of Luxembourg, Belval L-4365, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS) - University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, Nancy 54511, France
| | - Eleftheria G Charalambous
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medecine Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1-2, Greifswald 17489, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Jeanne Le Cléac H
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, University of Luxembourg, Belval L-4365, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg.
| | - Archibold Mposhi
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Behringer V, Deimel C, Ostner J, Fruth B, Sonnweber R. Modulation of cell-mediated immunity during pregnancy in wild bonobos. Biol Lett 2024; 20:20230548. [PMID: 38471567 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the mammalian immune system must simultaneously protect against pathogens while being accommodating to the foreign fetal tissues. Our current understanding of this immune modulation derives predominantly from industrialized human populations and laboratory animals. However, their environments differ considerably from the pathogen-rich, resource-scarce environments in which pregnancy and the immune system co-evolved. For a better understanding of immune modulation during pregnancy in challenging environments, we measured urinary neopterin, a biomarker of cell-mediated immune responses, in 10 wild female bonobos (Pan paniscus) before, during and after pregnancy. Bonobos, sharing evolutionary roots and pregnancy characteristics with humans, serve as an ideal model for such investigation. Despite distinct environments, we hypothesized that cell-mediated immune modulation during pregnancy is similar between bonobos and humans. As predicted, neopterin levels were higher during than outside of pregnancy, and highest in the third trimester, with a significant decline post-partum. Our findings suggest shared mechanisms of cell-mediated immune modulation during pregnancy in bonobos and humans that are robust despite distinct environmental conditions. We propose that these patterns indicate shared immunological processes during pregnancy among hominins, and possibly other primates. This finding enhances our understanding of reproductive immunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Behringer
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Deimel
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Ostner
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Primate Social Evolution Group, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Behavioral Ecology Department, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Fruth
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max-Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for Research and Conservation/KMDA, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ruth Sonnweber
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaplan H, Hooper PL, Gatz M, Mack WJ, Law EM, Chui HC, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Rowan CJ, Wann LS, Allam AH, Thompson RC, Michalik DE, Lombardi G, Miyamoto MI, Eid Rodriguez D, Copajira Adrian J, Quispe Gutierrez R, Beheim BA, Cummings DK, Seabright E, Alami S, R. Garcia A, Buetow K, Thomas GS, Finch CE, Stieglitz J, Trumble BC, Gurven MD, Irimia A. Brain volume, energy balance, and cardiovascular health in two nonindustrial South American populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2205448120. [PMID: 36940322 PMCID: PMC10068758 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205448120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about brain aging or dementia in nonindustrialized environments that are similar to how humans lived throughout evolutionary history. This paper examines brain volume (BV) in middle and old age among two indigenous South American populations, the Tsimane and Moseten, whose lifestyles and environments diverge from those in high-income nations. With a sample of 1,165 individuals aged 40 to 94, we analyze population differences in cross-sectional rates of decline in BV with age. We also assess the relationships of BV with energy biomarkers and arterial disease and compare them against findings in industrialized contexts. The analyses test three hypotheses derived from an evolutionary model of brain health, which we call the embarrassment of riches (EOR). The model hypothesizes that food energy was positively associated with late life BV in the physically active, food-limited past, but excess body mass and adiposity are now associated with reduced BV in industrialized societies in middle and older ages. We find that the relationship of BV with both non-HDL cholesterol and body mass index is curvilinear, positive from the lowest values to 1.4 to 1.6 SDs above the mean, and negative from that value to the highest values. The more acculturated Moseten exhibit a steeper decrease in BV with age than Tsimane, but still shallower than US and European populations. Lastly, aortic arteriosclerosis is associated with lower BV. Complemented by findings from the United States and Europe, our results are consistent with the EOR model, with implications for interventions to improve brain health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA82866
| | - Paul L. Hooper
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA82866
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Wendy J. Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - E. Meng Law
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
- Department of Radiology, The Alfred Health Hospital, Melbourne, VIC3004, Australia
- iBRAIN Research Laboratory, Departments of Neuroscience, Computer Systems and Electrical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC3800, Australia
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | | | | | - Christopher J. Rowan
- Renown Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Reno, NV89502
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV89557
| | - L. Samuel Wann
- Division of Cardiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131
| | - Adel H. Allam
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Al Mikhaym Al Daem, Cairo4334003, Egypt
| | - Randall C. Thompson
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO64111
| | - David E. Michalik
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA92617
- MemorialCare Miller Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Long Beach, CA90806
| | - Guido Lombardi
- Laboratorio de Paleopatologia, Catedra Pedro Weiss, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima15102, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | - Bret A. Beheim
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | | | - Edmond Seabright
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131
- School of Collective Intelligence, Universite Mohammed 6 Polytechnic, Ben Guerir43150, Morocco
| | - Sarah Alami
- School of Collective Intelligence, Universite Mohammed 6 Polytechnic, Ben Guerir43150, Morocco
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Angela R. Garcia
- Scientific Research Core, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ85016
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85724
| | - Kenneth Buetow
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Gregory S. Thomas
- MemorialCare Health Systems, Fountain Valley, CA92708
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA92868
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
- Department of Biological Sciences, Anthropology and Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse 1 Capitole University, Toulouse31000, France
| | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Michael D. Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
- Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lea AJ, Garcia A, Arevalo J, Ayroles JF, Buetow K, Cole SW, Eid Rodriguez D, Gutierrez M, Highland HM, Hooper PL, Justice A, Kraft T, North KE, Stieglitz J, Kaplan H, Trumble BC, Gurven MD. Natural selection of immune and metabolic genes associated with health in two lowland Bolivian populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2207544120. [PMID: 36574663 PMCID: PMC9910614 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207544120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of work has addressed human adaptations to diverse environments using genomic data, but few studies have connected putatively selected alleles to phenotypes, much less among underrepresented populations such as Amerindians. Studies of natural selection and genotype-phenotype relationships in underrepresented populations hold potential to uncover previously undescribed loci underlying evolutionarily and biomedically relevant traits. Here, we worked with the Tsimane and the Moseten, two Amerindian populations inhabiting the Bolivian lowlands. We focused most intensively on the Tsimane, because long-term anthropological work with this group has shown that they have a high burden of both macro and microparasites, as well as minimal cardiometabolic disease or dementia. We therefore generated genome-wide genotype data for Tsimane individuals to study natural selection, and paired this with blood mRNA-seq as well as cardiometabolic and immune biomarker data generated from a larger sample that included both populations. In the Tsimane, we identified 21 regions that are candidates for selective sweeps, as well as 5 immune traits that show evidence for polygenic selection (e.g., C-reactive protein levels and the response to coronaviruses). Genes overlapping candidate regions were strongly enriched for known involvement in immune-related traits, such as abundance of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Importantly, we were also able to draw on extensive phenotype information for the Tsimane and Moseten and link five regions (containing PSD4, MUC21 and MUC22, TOX2, ANXA6, and ABCA1) with biomarkers of immune and metabolic function. Together, our work highlights the utility of pairing evolutionary analyses with anthropological and biomedical data to gain insight into the genetic basis of health-related traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Lea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37235
| | - Angela Garcia
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Jesusa Arevalo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Julien F. Ayroles
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Kenneth Buetow
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Steve W. Cole
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | | | | | - Heather M. Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27516
| | - Paul L. Hooper
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA92866
| | | | - Thomas Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27516
| | | | - Hillard Kaplan
- Institute for Economics and Society, Chapman University, Orange, CA92866
| | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Michael D. Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rantala MJ, Luoto S, Borráz-León JI, Krams I. Schizophrenia: the new etiological synthesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104894. [PMID: 36181926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been an evolutionary paradox: it has high heritability, but it is associated with decreased reproductive success. The causal genetic variants underlying schizophrenia are thought to be under weak negative selection. To unravel this paradox, many evolutionary explanations have been suggested for schizophrenia. We critically discuss the constellation of evolutionary hypotheses for schizophrenia, highlighting the lack of empirical support for most existing evolutionary hypotheses-with the exception of the relatively well supported evolutionary mismatch hypothesis. It posits that evolutionarily novel features of contemporary environments, such as chronic stress, low-grade systemic inflammation, and gut dysbiosis, increase susceptibility to schizophrenia. Environmental factors such as microbial infections (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii) can better predict the onset of schizophrenia than polygenic risk scores. However, researchers have not been able to explain why only a small minority of infected people develop schizophrenia. The new etiological synthesis of schizophrenia indicates that an interaction between host genotype, microbe infection, and chronic stress causes schizophrenia, with neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis mediating this etiological pathway. Instead of just alleviating symptoms with drugs, the parasite x genotype x stress model emphasizes that schizophrenia treatment should focus on detecting and treating possible underlying microbial infection(s), neuroinflammation, gut dysbiosis, and chronic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Rantala
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Severi Luoto
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, 1023 Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Indrikis Krams
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1004, Rīga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garcia AR, Finch C, Gatz M, Kraft T, Eid Rodriguez D, Cummings D, Charifson M, Buetow K, Beheim BA, Allayee H, Thomas GS, Stieglitz J, Gurven MD, Kaplan H, Trumble BC. APOE4 is associated with elevated blood lipids and lower levels of innate immune biomarkers in a tropical Amerindian subsistence population. eLife 2021; 10:68231. [PMID: 34586066 PMCID: PMC8480980 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In post-industrial settings, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is associated with increased cardiovascular and neurological disease risk. However, the majority of human evolutionary history occurred in environments with higher pathogenic diversity and low cardiovascular risk. We hypothesize that in high-pathogen and energy-limited contexts, the APOE4 allele confers benefits by reducing innate inflammation when uninfected, while maintaining higher lipid levels that buffer costs of immune activation during infection. Among Tsimane forager-farmers of Bolivia (N = 1266, 50% female), APOE4 is associated with 30% lower C-reactive protein, and higher total cholesterol and oxidized LDL. Blood lipids were either not associated, or negatively associated with inflammatory biomarkers, except for associations of oxidized LDL and inflammation which were limited to obese adults. Further, APOE4 carriers maintain higher levels of total and LDL cholesterol at low body mass indices (BMIs). These results suggest that the relationship between APOE4 and lipids may be beneficial for pathogen-driven immune responses and unlikely to increase cardiovascular risk in an active subsistence population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Garcia
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States.,Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Caleb Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Thomas Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
| | | | - Daniel Cummings
- Institute for Economics and Society, Chapman University, Orange, United States
| | - Mia Charifson
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Kenneth Buetow
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| | - Bret A Beheim
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Irvine, Irvine, United States.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- Long Beach Memorial, Long Beach and University of California Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Universite Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Institute for Economics and Society, Chapman University, Orange, United States
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wolday D, Gebrecherkos T, Arefaine ZG, Kiros YK, Gebreegzabher A, Tasew G, Abdulkader M, Abraha HE, Desta AA, Hailu A, Tollera G, Abdella S, Tesema M, Abate E, Endarge KL, Hundie TG, Miteku FK, Urban BC, Schallig HHDF, Harris VC, de Wit TFR. Effect of co-infection with intestinal parasites on COVID-19 severity: A prospective observational cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 39:101054. [PMID: 34368662 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.02.21250995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection results in a spectrum of clinical presentations. Evidence from Africa indicates that significantly less COVID-19 patients suffer from serious symptoms than in the industrialized world. We and others previously postulated a partial explanation for this phenomenon, being a different, more activated immune system due to parasite infections. Here, we aimed to test this hypothesis by investigating a potential correlation of co-infection with parasites with COVID-19 severity in an endemic area in Africa. Methods: Ethiopian COVID-19 patients were enrolled and screened for intestinal parasites, between July 2020 and March 2021. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with severe COVID-19. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between parasite infection, and COVID-19 severity. Models were adjusted for sex, age, residence, education level, occupation, body mass index, and comorbidities. Findings: 751 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were enrolled, of whom 284 (37.8%) had intestinal parasitic infection. Only 27/255 (10.6%) severe COVID-19 patients were co-infected with intestinal parasites, while 257/496 (51.8%) non-severe COVID-19 patients were parasite positive (p<0.0001). Patients co-infected with parasites had lower odds of developing severe COVID-19, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.23 (95% CI 0.17-0.30; p<0.0001) for all parasites, aOR 0.37 ([95% CI 0.26-0.51]; p<0.0001) for protozoa, and aOR 0.26 ([95% CI 0.19-0.35]; p<0.0001) for helminths. When stratified by species, co-infection with Entamoeba spp., Hymenolepis nana, Schistosoma mansoni, and Trichuris trichiura implied lower probability of developing severe COVID-19. There were 11 deaths (1.5%), and all were among patients without parasites (p = 0.009). Interpretation: Parasite co-infection is associated with a reduced risk of severe COVID-19 in African patients. Parasite-driven immunomodulatory responses may mute hyper-inflammation associated with severe COVID-19. Funding: European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) - European Union, and Joep Lange Institute (JLI), The Netherlands. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04473365.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Wolday
- Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | - Geremew Tasew
- Ethiopian Public Health institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Saro Abdella
- Ethiopian Public Health institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Ebba Abate
- Ethiopian Public Health institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Britta C Urban
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Clinical Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Henk H D F Schallig
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa C Harris
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias F Rinke de Wit
- Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Joep Lange Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wolday D, Gebrecherkos T, Arefaine ZG, Kiros YK, Gebreegzabher A, Tasew G, Abdulkader M, Abraha HE, Desta AA, Hailu A, Tollera G, Abdella S, Tesema M, Abate E, Endarge KL, Hundie TG, Miteku FK, Urban BC, Schallig HH, Harris VC, de Wit TFR. Effect of co-infection with intestinal parasites on COVID-19 severity: A prospective observational cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 39:101054. [PMID: 34368662 PMCID: PMC8324426 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection results in a spectrum of clinical presentations. Evidence from Africa indicates that significantly less COVID-19 patients suffer from serious symptoms than in the industrialized world. We and others previously postulated a partial explanation for this phenomenon, being a different, more activated immune system due to parasite infections. Here, we aimed to test this hypothesis by investigating a potential correlation of co-infection with parasites with COVID-19 severity in an endemic area in Africa. Methods: Ethiopian COVID-19 patients were enrolled and screened for intestinal parasites, between July 2020 and March 2021. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with severe COVID-19. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between parasite infection, and COVID-19 severity. Models were adjusted for sex, age, residence, education level, occupation, body mass index, and comorbidities. Findings: 751 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were enrolled, of whom 284 (37.8%) had intestinal parasitic infection. Only 27/255 (10.6%) severe COVID-19 patients were co-infected with intestinal parasites, while 257/496 (51.8%) non-severe COVID-19 patients were parasite positive (p<0.0001). Patients co-infected with parasites had lower odds of developing severe COVID-19, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.23 (95% CI 0.17-0.30; p<0.0001) for all parasites, aOR 0.37 ([95% CI 0.26-0.51]; p<0.0001) for protozoa, and aOR 0.26 ([95% CI 0.19-0.35]; p<0.0001) for helminths. When stratified by species, co-infection with Entamoeba spp., Hymenolepis nana, Schistosoma mansoni, and Trichuris trichiura implied lower probability of developing severe COVID-19. There were 11 deaths (1.5%), and all were among patients without parasites (p = 0.009). Interpretation: Parasite co-infection is associated with a reduced risk of severe COVID-19 in African patients. Parasite-driven immunomodulatory responses may mute hyper-inflammation associated with severe COVID-19. Funding: European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) - European Union, and Joep Lange Institute (JLI), The Netherlands. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04473365.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Wolday
- Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | - Geremew Tasew
- Ethiopian Public Health institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Saro Abdella
- Ethiopian Public Health institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Ebba Abate
- Ethiopian Public Health institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Britta C. Urban
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Clinical Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Henk H.D.F. Schallig
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa C. Harris
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias F. Rinke de Wit
- Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Joep Lange Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author: at Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Irimia A, Chaudhari NN, Robles DJ, Rostowsky KA, Maher AS, Chowdhury NF, Calvillo M, Ngo V, Gatz M, Mack WJ, Law EM, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Rowan CJ, Wann LS, Allam AH, Thompson RC, Michalik DE, Cummings DK, Seabright E, Alami S, Garcia AR, Hooper PL, Stieglitz J, Trumble BC, Gurven MD, Thomas GS, Finch CE, Kaplan H. The Indigenous South American Tsimane Exhibit Relatively Modest Decrease in Brain Volume With Age Despite High Systemic Inflammation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:2147-2155. [PMID: 34038540 PMCID: PMC8599004 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain atrophy is correlated with risk of cognitive impairment, functional decline, and dementia. Despite a high infectious disease burden, Tsimane forager-horticulturists of Bolivia have the lowest prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis of any studied population and present few cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors despite a high burden of infections and therefore inflammation. This study (a) examines the statistical association between brain volume (BV) and age for Tsimane and (b) compares this association to that of 3 industrialized populations in the United States and Europe. This cohort-based panel study enrolled 746 participants aged 40-94 (396 males), from whom computed tomography (CT) head scans were acquired. BV and intracranial volume (ICV) were calculated from automatic head CT segmentations. The linear regression coefficient estimate β^T of the Tsimane (T), describing the relationship between age (predictor) and BV (response, as a percentage of ICV), was calculated for the pooled sample (including both sexes) and for each sex. β^T was compared to the corresponding regression coefficient estimate β^R of samples from the industrialized reference (R) countries. For all comparisons, the null hypothesis β T = β R was rejected both for the combined samples of males and females, as well as separately for each sex. Our results indicate that the Tsimane exhibit a significantly slower decrease in BV with age than populations in the United States and Europe. Such reduced rates of BV decrease, together with a subsistence lifestyle and low CVD risk, may protect brain health despite considerable chronic inflammation related to infectious burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA,Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA,Address correspondence to: Andrei Irimia, PhD, Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Suite 228, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. E-mail:
| | - Nikhil N Chaudhari
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - David J Robles
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kenneth A Rostowsky
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Alexander S Maher
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nahian F Chowdhury
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Maria Calvillo
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Van Ngo
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - E Meng Law
- iBRAIN Research Laboratory, Departments of Neuroscience, Computer Systems and Electrical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Radiology, The Alfred Health Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - M Linda Sutherland
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, California, USA
| | - James D Sutherland
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Rowan
- Renown Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Reno, Nevada, USA,School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | | | - Adel H Allam
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Al Mikhaym Al Daem, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri, Kansas City, USA
| | - David E Michalik
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Orange, USA,MemorialCare Miller Children’s & Women’s Hospital, Long Beach Medical Center, California, USA
| | - Daniel K Cummings
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA,Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Edmond Seabright
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Sarah Alami
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Angela R Garcia
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Paul L Hooper
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse 1 Capitol University, France
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, California, USA,Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA,Departments of Biological Sciences, Anthropology and Psychology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Negrey JD, Behringer V, Langergraber KE, Deschner T. Urinary neopterin of wild chimpanzees indicates that cell-mediated immune activity varies by age, sex, and female reproductive status. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9298. [PMID: 33927233 PMCID: PMC8085242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of free-living animal populations is necessary to understand life history trade-offs associated with immune investment. To investigate the role of life history strategies in shaping proinflammatory cell-mediated immune function, we analyzed age, sex, and reproductive status as predictors of urinary neopterin in 70 sexually mature chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. In the absence of clinical signs of acute infectious disease, neopterin levels significantly increased with age in both male and female chimpanzees, as observed in humans and several other vertebrate species. Furthermore, males exhibited higher neopterin levels than females across adulthood. Finally, females with full sexual swellings, pregnant females, and post-reproductive females, the oldest individuals in our sample, exhibited higher neopterin levels than lactating females and cycling females without full swellings. Variation in females' neopterin levels by reproductive status is consistent with post-ovulatory and pregnancy-related immune patterns documented in humans. Together, our results provide evidence of ample variation in chimpanzee immune activity corresponding to biodemographic and physiological variation. Future studies comparing immune activity across ecological conditions and social systems are essential for understanding the life histories of primates and other mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Negrey
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Verena Behringer
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kevin E Langergraber
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Tobias Deschner
- Interim Group Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hodges-Simeon CR, Albert G, Richardson GB, McHale TS, Weinberg SM, Gurven M, Gaulin SJC. Was facial width-to-height ratio subject to sexual selection pressures? A life course approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0240284. [PMID: 33711068 PMCID: PMC7954343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection researchers have traditionally focused on adult sex differences; however, the schedule and pattern of sex-specific ontogeny can provide insights unobtainable from an exclusive focus on adults. Recently, it has been debated whether facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR; bi-zygomatic breadth divided by midface height) is a human secondary sexual characteristic (SSC). Here, we review current evidence, then address this debate using ontogenetic evidence, which has been under-explored in fWHR research. Facial measurements were collected from 3D surface images of males and females aged 3 to 40 (Study 1; US European-descent, n = 2449), and from 2D photographs of males and females aged 7 to 21 (Study 2; Bolivian Tsimane, n = 179), which were used to calculate three fWHR variants (which we call fWHRnasion, fWHRstomion, and fWHRbrow) and two other common facial masculinity ratios (facial width-to-lower-face-height ratio, fWHRlower, and cheekbone prominence). We test whether the observed pattern of facial development exhibits patterns indicative of SSCs, i.e., differential adolescent growth in either male or female facial morphology leading to an adult sex difference. Results showed that only fWHRlower exhibited both adult sex differences as well as the classic pattern of ontogeny for SSCs-greater lower-face growth in male adolescents relative to females. fWHRbrow was significantly wider among both pre- and post-pubertal males in the Bolivian Tsimane sample; post-hoc analyses revealed that the effect was driven by large sex differences in brow height, with females having higher placed brows than males across ages. In both samples, all fWHR measures were inversely associated with age; that is, human facial growth is characterized by greater relative elongation in the mid-face and lower face relative to facial width. This trend continues even into middle adulthood. BMI was also a positive predictor of most of the ratios across ages, with greater BMI associated with wider faces. Researchers collecting data on fWHR should target fWHRlower and fWHRbrow and should control for both age and BMI. Researchers should also compare ratio approaches with multivariate techniques, such as geometric morphometrics, to examine whether the latter have greater utility for understanding the evolution of facial sexual dimorphism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R Hodges-Simeon
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Graham Albert
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - George B Richardson
- School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Timothy S McHale
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology and Museum Studies, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington, United States of America
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Steven J C Gaulin
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rowan CJ, Eskander MA, Seabright E, Rodriguez DE, Linares EC, Gutierrez RQ, Adrian JC, Cummings D, Beheim B, Tolstrup K, Achrekar A, Kraft T, Michalik DE, Miyamoto MI, Allam AH, Wann LS, Narula J, Trumble BC, Stieglitz J, Thompson RC, Thomas GS, Kaplan HS, Gurven MD. Very Low Prevalence and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation among Bolivian Forager-Farmers. Ann Glob Health 2021; 87:18. [PMID: 33633929 PMCID: PMC7894370 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in post-industrialized populations. Older age, hypertension, obesity, chronic inflammation, and diabetes are significant atrial fibrillation risk factors, suggesting that modern urban environments may promote atrial fibrillation. Objective Here we assess atrial fibrillation prevalence and incidence among tropical horticulturalists of the Bolivian Amazon with high levels of physical activity, a lean diet, and minimal coronary atherosclerosis, but also high infectious disease burden and associated inflammation. Methods Between 2005-2019, 1314 Tsimane aged 40-94 years (52% female) and 534 Moseten Amerindians aged 40-89 years (50% female) underwent resting 12-lead electrocardiograms to assess atrial fibrillation prevalence. For atrial fibrillation incidence assessment, 1059 (81% of original sample) Tsimane and 310 Moseten (58%) underwent additional ECGs (mean time to follow up 7.0, 1.8 years, respectively). Findings Only one (male) of 1314 Tsimane (0.076%) and one (male) of 534 Moseten (0.187%) demonstrated atrial fibrillation at baseline. There was one new (female) Tsimane case in 7395 risk years for the 1059 participants with >1 ECG (incidence rate = 0.14 per 1,000 risk years). No new cases were detected among Moseten, based on 542 risk years. Conclusion Tsimane and Moseten show the lowest levels of atrial fibrillation ever reported, 1/20 to ~1/6 of rates in high-income countries. These findings provide additional evidence that a subsistence lifestyle with high levels of physical activity, and a diet low in processed carbohydrates and fat is cardioprotective, despite frequent infection-induced inflammation. Findings suggest that atrial fibrillation is a modifiable lifestyle disease rather than an inevitable feature of cardiovascular aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edmond Seabright
- University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, New Mexico, USA
| | - Daniel Eid Rodriguez
- Universidad de San Simon, Bolivia
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Beni, Bolivia
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Cummings
- University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, New Mexico, USA
| | - Bret Beheim
- Max Plank Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Behavior, Culture and Ecology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kirsten Tolstrup
- Cardiology, Dept. of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abinash Achrekar
- University of New Mexico, Division of Cardiology, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Thomas Kraft
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology, USA
| | - David E. Michalik
- Miller Children’s and Women’s Hospital Long Beach, CA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Cardiology, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Randall C. Thompson
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- University of Missouri–Kansas City, USA
| | - Gregory S. Thomas
- MemorialCare, Southern California, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Hillard S. Kaplan
- Chapman University, Department of Health Economics and Anthropology, Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Orange, California, USA
| | - Michael D. Gurven
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carrera-Bastos P, Fontes-Villalba M, Gurven M, Muskiet FAJ, Åkerfeldt T, Lindblad U, Råstam L, Frostegård J, Shapira Y, Shoenfeld Y, Granfeldt Y, Sundquist K, Jönsson T. C-reactive protein in traditional melanesians on Kitava. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:524. [PMID: 33334321 PMCID: PMC7745357 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Population-based levels of the chronic low-grade systemic inflammation biomarker, C-reactive protein (CRP), vary widely among traditional populations, despite their apparent absence of chronic conditions associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. We have previously reported an apparent absence of aforementioned conditions amongst the traditional Melanesian horticulturalists of Kitava, Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea. Our objective in this study was to clarify associations between chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and chronic cardiometabolic conditions by measuring CRP in a Kitava population sample. For comparison purposes, CRP was also measured in Swedish controls matched for age and gender.
Methods Fasting levels of serum CRP were measured cross-sectionally in ≥ 40-year-old Kitavans (N = 79) and Swedish controls (N = 83). Results CRP was lower for Kitavans compared to Swedish controls (Mdn 0.5 mg/L range 0.1—48 mg/L and Mdn 1.1 mg/L range 0.1—33 mg/L, respectively, r = .18 p = .02). Among Kitavans, there were small negative associations between lnCRP for CRP values < 10 and total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol. Among Swedish controls, associations of lnCRP for CRP values < 10 were medium positive with weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio and low positive with triglyceride, total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol ratio, triglyceride-HDL cholesterol ratio and serum insulin. Conclusions Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, measured as CRP, was lower among Kitavans compared to Swedish controls, indicating a lower and average cardiovascular risk, respectively, for these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, CRC, hus 28 plan 11, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maelán Fontes-Villalba
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, CRC, hus 28 plan 11, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Frits A J Muskiet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Torbjörn Åkerfeldt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Lindblad
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lennart Råstam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Community Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Frostegård
- IMM, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yinon Shapira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center (Affiliated To Tel-Aviv University), Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yvonne Granfeldt
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, CRC, hus 28 plan 11, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tommy Jönsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, CRC, hus 28 plan 11, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bickler SW, Prieto JM, Cauvi DM, De Cos V, Nasamran C, Ameh E, Amin S, Nicholson S, Din H, Mocumbi AO, Noormahomed EV, Tellez-Isaias G, Fisch KM, De Maio A. Differential expression of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins from urban and rural populations in Morocco. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:847-856. [PMID: 32319023 PMCID: PMC7591688 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization in low-income countries represents an important inflection point in the epidemiology of disease, with rural populations experiencing high rates of chronic and recurrent infections and urban populations displaying a profile of noncommunicable diseases. To investigate if urbanization alters the expression of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, we queried gene microarray data from rural and urban populations living in Morocco (GSE17065). The R Bioconductor packages edgeR and limma were used to identify genes with different expression. The experimental design was modeled upon location and sex. Nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins were identified from the MitoCarta2.0 database. Of the 1158 genes listed in the MitoCarta2.0 database, 847 genes (73%) were available for analysis in the Moroccan dataset. The urban-rural comparison with the greatest environmental differences showed that 76.5% of the MitoCarta2.0 genes were differentially expressed, with 97% of the genes having an increased expression in the urban area. Enrichment analysis revealed 367 significantly enriched pathways (adjusted p value < 0.05), with oxidative phosphorylation, insulin secretion and glucose regulations (adj.p values = 6.93E-16) being the top three. Four significantly perturbed KEGG disease pathways were associated with urbanization-three degenerative neurological diseases (Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases) and herpes simplex infection (false discover rate corrected p value (PGFdr) < 0.2). Mitochondrial RNA metabolic processing and translational elongation were the biological processes that had the greatest enrichment (enrichment ratios 14.0 and 14.8, respectively, FDR < 0.5). Our study links urbanization in Morocco with changes in the expression of the nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Bickler
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Rady Children’s Hospital—University of California San Diego, 3030 Children’s Way, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - James M. Prieto
- Department of Surgery, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - David M. Cauvi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Victor De Cos
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Rady Children’s Hospital—University of California San Diego, 3030 Children’s Way, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
| | - Chanond Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Emmanuel Ameh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Said Amin
- Department of Histopathology, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Sneha Nicholson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Rady Children’s Hospital—University of California San Diego, 3030 Children’s Way, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
| | - Hena Din
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Rady Children’s Hospital—University of California San Diego, 3030 Children’s Way, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
| | - Ana Olga Mocumbi
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | | | - Kathleen M. Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Antonio De Maio
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sprockett DD, Martin M, Costello EK, Burns AR, Holmes SP, Gurven MD, Relman DA. Microbiota assembly, structure, and dynamics among Tsimane horticulturalists of the Bolivian Amazon. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3772. [PMID: 32728114 PMCID: PMC7391733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective and neutral forces shape human microbiota assembly in early life. The Tsimane are an indigenous Bolivian population with infant care-associated behaviors predicted to increase mother-infant microbial dispersal. Here, we characterize microbial community assembly in 47 infant-mother pairs from six Tsimane villages, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of longitudinal stool and tongue swab samples. We find that infant consumption of dairy products, vegetables, and chicha (a fermented drink inoculated with oral microbes) is associated with stool microbiota composition. In stool and tongue samples, microbes shared between mothers and infants are more abundant than non-shared microbes. Using a neutral model of community assembly, we find that neutral processes alone explain the prevalence of 79% of infant-colonizing microbes, but explain microbial prevalence less well in adults from river villages with more regular access to markets. Our results underscore the importance of neutral forces during microbiota assembly. Changing lifestyle factors may alter traditional modes of microbiota assembly by decreasing the role of neutral processes. Selective and neutral forces shape human microbiota assembly in early life. Here, Sprockett et al. study microbial community assembly in 47 infant-mother pairs from the Tsimane, an indigenous Bolivian population, highlighting the importance of neutral forces during microbiota assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Sprockett
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Melanie Martin
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Costello
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Adam R Burns
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Susan P Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Broom Center for Demography, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sanya RE, Webb EL, Zziwa C, Kizindo R, Sewankambo M, Tumusiime J, Nakazibwe E, Oduru G, Niwagaba E, Nakawungu PK, Kabagenyi J, Nassuuna J, Walusimbi B, Andia-Biraro I, Elliott AM. The Effect of Helminth Infections and Their Treatment on Metabolic Outcomes: Results of a Cluster-Randomized Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:601-613. [PMID: 31504336 PMCID: PMC7384320 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminths may protect against cardiometabolic risk through effects on inflammation and metabolism; their treatment may be detrimental to metabolic outcomes. METHODS In a cluster-randomized trial in 26 Ugandan fishing communities we investigated effects of community-wide intensive (quarterly single-dose praziquantel, triple-dose albendazole) vs standard (annual single-dose praziquantel, biannual single-dose albendazole) anthelminthic treatment on metabolic outcomes, and observational associations between helminths and metabolic outcomes. The primary outcome, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and secondary outcomes (including blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, lipids) were assessed after 4 years' intervention among individuals aged ≥10 years. RESULTS We analyzed 1898 participants. Intensive treatment had no effect on HOMA-IR (adjusted geometric mean ratio, 0.96 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .86-1.07]; P = .42) but resulted in higher mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (2.86 vs 2.60 mmol/L; adjusted mean difference, 0.26 [95% CI, -.03 to .56]; P = .08). Lower LDL-c levels were associated with Schistosoma mansoni (2.37 vs 2.80 mmol/L; -0.25 [95% CI, -.49 to -.02]; P = .04) or Strongyloides (2.34 vs 2.69 mmol/L; -0.32 [95% CI, -.53 to -.12]; P = .003) infection. Schistosoma mansoni was associated with lower total cholesterol (4.24 vs 4.64 mmol/L; -0.25 [95% CI, -.44 to -.07]; P = .01) and moderate to heavy S. mansoni infection with lower triglycerides, LDL-c, and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Helminth infections improve lipid profiles and may lower blood pressure. Studies to confirm causality and investigate mechanisms may contribute to understanding the epidemiological transition and suggest new approaches to prevent cardiometabolic disease. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ISRCTN47196031.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Sanya
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emily L Webb
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Zziwa
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Robert Kizindo
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Moses Sewankambo
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Josephine Tumusiime
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Esther Nakazibwe
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Gloria Oduru
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Niwagaba
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Prossy Kabuubi Nakawungu
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Joyce Kabagenyi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Jacent Nassuuna
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Bridgious Walusimbi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Irene Andia-Biraro
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Manjarres-Suarez A, Olivero-Verbel J. Hematological parameters and hair mercury levels in adolescents from the Colombian Caribbean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14216-14227. [PMID: 32043249 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the heavy metals of concern for fish-eating populations. This pollutant can be released from many sources and generates diverse toxic effects in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate hematological parameters and their relationship with total Hg (T-Hg) levels in the hair of adolescents from Tierrabomba, an island close to an industrialized area, and also from San Onofre, a reference site. Blood and hair samples were collected from 194 individuals, aged 11-18 years old, as well as sociodemographic and dietary information. The hematological profile showed marked differences between the two sites. Mean values for almost all variables of the red blood cell line, as well as lymphocyte percentage (LYM%) and monocyte percentage (MID%), were greater in Tierrabomba. In contrast, red cell distribution width (RDW), white blood cells (WBC), granulocyte percentage (GRA%), and plateletcrit (PTC) were higher at the reference site. Total Hg mean in Tierrabomba was 1.10 ± 0.07 μg/g, while at San Onofre, it was 1.87 ± 0.11 μg/g. In both places, more than 49% of participants had Hg concentrations over the limit threshold (1 μg/g). Overall mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and T-Hg showed a negative correlation (r = - 0.162, p = 0.024). However, positive associations were observed between T-Hg and MID% for Tierrabomba (r = 0.193, p = 0.041), and between T-Hg and mixed cells (MID) for the reference site (r = 0.223, p = 0.044). A significant relationship was found for fish consumption frequency and T-Hg levels (r = 0.360, p < 0.001). These results indicate blood parameters may be affected by Hg even at low-level exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Manjarres-Suarez
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Trumble BC, Finch CE. THE EXPOSOME IN HUMAN EVOLUTION: FROM DUST TO DIESEL. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2019; 94:333-394. [PMID: 32269391 PMCID: PMC7141577 DOI: 10.1086/706768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Global exposures to air pollution and cigarette smoke are novel in human evolutionary history and are associated with about 16 million premature deaths per year. We investigate the history of the human exposome for relationships between novel environmental toxins and genetic changes during human evolution in six phases. Phase I: With increased walking on savannas, early human ancestors inhaled crustal dust, fecal aerosols, and spores; carrion scavenging introduced new infectious pathogens. Phase II: Domestic fire exposed early Homo to novel toxins from smoke and cooking. Phases III and IV: Neolithic to preindustrial Homo sapiens incurred infectious pathogens from domestic animals and dense communities with limited sanitation. Phase V: Industrialization introduced novel toxins from fossil fuels, industrial chemicals, and tobacco at the same time infectious pathogens were diminishing. Thereby, pathogen-driven causes of mortality were replaced by chronic diseases driven by sterile inflammogens, exogenous and endogenous. Phase VI: Considers future health during global warming with increased air pollution and infections. We hypothesize that adaptation to some ancient toxins persists in genetic variations associated with inflammation and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Trumble
- School of Human Evolution & Social Change and Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Dornsife College, University of Southern California Los Angeles, California 90089-0191 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Anderson AS, Trumble BC, Hové C, Kraft TS, Kaplan H, Gurven M, Blackwell AD. Old friends and friendly fire: Pregnancy, hookworm infection, and anemia among tropical horticulturalists. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 32:e23337. [PMID: 31642576 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite public health concerns about hookworm infection in pregnancy, little is known about immune profiles associated with hookworm (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) infection during pregnancy. Fetal tolerance requirements may constrain maternal immune response to hookworm, thereby increasing susceptibility to new infections or increasing hemoglobin loss. To explore this possibility, we study systemic immune response and hemoglobin levels in a natural fertility population with endemic helminthic infection. METHODS We used Bayesian multilevel models to analyze mixed longitudinal data on hemoglobin, hookworm infection, reproductive state, eosinophils, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) to examine the effects of pregnancy and hookworm infection on nonspecific inflammation, cellular parasite response, and hemoglobin among 612 Tsimane women aged 15-45 (1016 observations). RESULTS Pregnancy is associated with lower eosinophil counts and lower eosinophil response to hookworm, particularly during the second and third trimesters. Both hookworm and pregnancy are associated with higher ESR, with evidence for an interaction between the two causing further increases in the first trimester. Pregnancy is moderately associated with higher odds of hookworm infection (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.83). Pregnancy and hookworm both decrease hemoglobin and may interact to accentuate this effect in the first-trimester of pregnancy (Interaction: β: -0.30 g/dL; CI: -0.870 to 0.24). CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with a possible trade-off between hookworm immunity and successful pregnancy, and with the suggestion that hookworm and pregnancy may have synergistic effects, particularly in the first trimester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Anderson
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, California, Santa Barbara
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Carmen Hové
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, California, Santa Barbara
| | - Thomas S Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, California, Santa Barbara
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, California
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, California, Santa Barbara
| | - Aaron D Blackwell
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, California, Santa Barbara.,Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hodges-Simeon CR, Asif S, Gurven M, Blackwell AD, Gaulin SJC. Testosterone is positively and estradiol negatively associated with mucosal immunity in Amazonian adolescents. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23284. [PMID: 31273877 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A core assumption of life history theory and the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ICHH) is that testosterone (T) upregulates energetic investment in mating effort at the expense of immunity. This tenet, along with observed positive relationships between estrogens and immunity, may contribute to the higher observed morbidity and mortality of males. In the present study, we examine the association between sex steroid hormones and mucosal immunity as well as sex differences in immunity in a rural Amazonian population of immune-challenged Bolivian adolescents. METHODS Salivary steroid hormones (T [males only] and estradiol [E2 , females only]), Tsimane-specific age-standardized BMI z-scores, and salivary mucosal immunity (sIgA, secretory IgA) were measured in 89 adolescent males and females. RESULTS Males had significantly higher sIgA levels than females, which may be due to the observed immune-endocrine associations found in the present study. Controlling for age and phenotypic condition, higher T significantly predicted higher sIgA; whereas higher E2 was associated with lower sIgA in females. CONCLUSIONS Results stood in contrast to common interpretations of the ICHH, that is, that T should be inversely associated with immunity. Findings from the present study support the notion that the endocrine system likely affects immunity in a regulatory fashion, upregulating certain aspects of immunity while downregulating others. An important remaining question is the adaptive reason(s) for sex differences in endocrine-mediated immuno-redistribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soubhana Asif
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Aaron D Blackwell
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California.,Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Pullman, Washington
| | - Steven J C Gaulin
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Declining Rates of Chronic and Recurrent Infection and Their Possible Role in the Origins of Non-communicable Diseases. World J Surg 2018; 42:1617-1628. [PMID: 29234849 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-4389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as atherosclerosis and cancers, are a leading cause of death worldwide. An important, yet poorly explained epidemiological feature of NCDs is their low incidence in under developed areas of low-income countries and rising rates in urban areas. METHODS With the goal of better understanding how urbanization increases the incidence of NCDs, we provide an overview of the urbanization process in sub-Saharan Africa, discuss gene expression differences between rural and urban populations, and review the current NCD determinant model. We conclude by identifying research priorities. RESULTS Declining rates of chronic and recurrent infection are the hallmark of urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa. Gene profiling studies show urbanization results in complex molecular changes, with almost one-third of the peripheral blood leukocyte transcriptome altered. The current NCD determinant model could be improved by including a possible effect from declining rates of infection and expanding the spectrum of diseases that increase with urbanization. CONCLUSIONS Urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa provides a unique opportunity to investigate the mechanism by which the environment influences disease epidemiology. Research priorities include: (1) studies to define the relationship between infection and risk factors for NCDs, (2) explaining the observed differences in the inflammatory response between rural and urban populations, and (3) identification of animal models that simulate the biological changes that occurs with urbanization. A better understanding of the biological changes that occur with urbanization could lead to new prevention and treatment strategies for some of the most common surgical diseases in high-income countries.
Collapse
|
22
|
Freese J, Klement RJ, Lötzerich H. The inflammation paradox: Why are Tsimane protected against Western diseases while Westerners are not? F1000Res 2018; 7:252. [PMID: 31448076 PMCID: PMC6685450 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14052.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We here describe two apparent paradoxes concerning high CRP levels and NCD risk. One has emerged from observational studies in the Amazon region showing that the indigenous Tsimane in Bolivia appear protected against non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases despite increased inflammatory markers. These findings stand in contrast to Western societies, where an increasing body of evidence demonstrates that low-grade-inflammation is the driver of NCDs. The second paradox has emerged from two field studies (Eifel studies) conducted in 2013 and 2014 with Westerners who returned to a simulated Palaeolithic lifestyle in a National park for 4 days. We had detected elevated inflammation markers, despite otherwise anti-inflammatory effects of these interventions as indicated by metabolic blood parameters. We here propose three hypotheses for this second inflammatory paradox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Freese
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Rainer Johannes Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, 97422, Germany
| | - Helmut Lötzerich
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
van Exel E, Koopman JJE, van Bodegom D, Meij JJ, de Knijff P, Ziem JB, Finch CE, Westendorp RGJ. Effect of APOE ε4 allele on survival and fertility in an adverse environment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179497. [PMID: 28683096 PMCID: PMC5500260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The apolipoprotein-ε4 allele (APOE-ε4) is strongly associated with detrimental outcomes in affluent populations including atherosclerotic disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and reduced lifespan. Despite these detrimental outcomes, population frequencies of APOE-ε4 are high. We hypothesize that the high frequency of APOE-ε4 was maintained because of beneficial effects during evolution when infectious pathogens were more prevalent and a major cause of mortality. We examined a rural Ghanaian population with a high pathogen exposure for selective advantages of APOE-ε4, to survival and or fertility. Methods and findings This rural Ghanaian population (n = 4311) has high levels of mortality from widespread infectious diseases which are the main cause of death. We examined whether APOE-ε4 was associated with survival (total follow-up time was 30,262 years) and fertility after stratifying by exposure to high or low pathogen levels. Households drawing water from open wells and rivers were classified as exposed to high pathogen levels while low pathogen exposure was classified as those drawing water from borehole wells. We found a non-significant, but positive survival benefit, i.e. the hazard ratio per APOE-ε4 allele was 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.69 to 1.05), adjusted for sex, tribe, and socioeconomic status. Among women aged 40 years and older (n = 842), APOE-ε4 was not associated with the lifetime number of children. However, APOE-ε4 was associated with higher fertility in women exposed to high pathogen levels. Compared with women not carrying an APOE-ε4 allele, those carrying one APOE-ε4 allele had on average one more child and those carrying two APOE-ε4 alleles had 3.5 more children (p = 0.018). Conclusions Contrary to affluent modern-day populations, APOE-ε4 did not carry a survival disadvantage in this rural Ghanaian population. Moreover, APOE-ε4 promotes fertility in highly infectious environments. Our findings suggest that APOE-ε4 may be considered as evolutionarily adaptive. Its adverse associations in affluent modern populations with later onset diseases of aging further characterize APOE-ε4 as an example of antagonistic pleiotropy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric van Exel
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center/GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Jacob J. E. Koopman
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - David van Bodegom
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes J. Meij
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne Academic Center of Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter de Knijff
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Juventus B. Ziem
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Davis School of Gerontology and Dornsife College, Dept Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Rudi G. J. Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, and Center for Healthy Ageing, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hodges‐Simeon CR, Prall SP, Blackwell AD, Gurven M, Gaulin SJ. Adrenal maturation, nutritional status, and mucosal immunity in Bolivian youth. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean P. Prall
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles California90095
| | - Aaron D. Blackwell
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| | - Steven J.C. Gaulin
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kaplan H, Thompson RC, Trumble BC, Wann LS, Allam AH, Beheim B, Frohlich B, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Stieglitz J, Rodriguez DE, Michalik DE, Rowan CJ, Lombardi GP, Bedi R, Garcia AR, Min JK, Narula J, Finch CE, Gurven M, Thomas GS. Coronary atherosclerosis in indigenous South American Tsimane: a cross-sectional cohort study. Lancet 2017; 389:1730-1739. [PMID: 28320601 PMCID: PMC6028773 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional coronary artery disease risk factors might potentially explain at least 90% of the attributable risk of coronary artery disease. To better understand the association between the pre-industrial lifestyle and low prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors, we examined the Tsimane, a Bolivian population living a subsistence lifestyle of hunting, gathering, fishing, and farming with few cardiovascular risk factors, but high infectious inflammatory burden. METHODS We did a cross-sectional cohort study including all individuals who self-identified as Tsimane and who were aged 40 years or older. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed by coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring done with non-contrast CT in Tsimane adults. We assessed the difference between the Tsimane and 6814 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). CAC scores higher than 100 were considered representative of significant atherosclerotic disease. Tsimane blood lipid and inflammatory biomarkers were obtained at the time of scanning, and in some patients, longitudinally. FINDINGS Between July 2, 2014, and Sept 10, 2015, 705 individuals, who had data available for analysis, were included in this study. 596 (85%) of 705 Tsimane had no CAC, 89 (13%) had CAC scores of 1-100, and 20 (3%) had CAC scores higher than 100. For individuals older than age 75 years, 31 (65%) Tsimane presented with a CAC score of 0, and only four (8%) had CAC scores of 100 or more, a five-fold lower prevalence than industrialised populations (p≤0·0001 for all age categories of MESA). Mean LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations were 2·35 mmol/L (91 mg/dL) and 1·0 mmol/L (39·5 mg/dL), respectively; obesity, hypertension, high blood sugar, and regular cigarette smoking were rare. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was elevated beyond the clinical cutoff of 3·0 mg/dL in 360 (51%) Tsimane participants. INTERPRETATION Despite a high infectious inflammatory burden, the Tsimane, a forager-horticulturalist population of the Bolivian Amazon with few coronary artery disease risk factors, have the lowest reported levels of coronary artery disease of any population recorded to date. These findings suggest that coronary atherosclerosis can be avoided in most people by achieving a lifetime with very low LDL, low blood pressure, low glucose, normal body-mass index, no smoking, and plenty of physical activity. The relative contributions of each are still to be determined. FUNDING National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health; St Luke's Hospital of Kansas City; and Paleocardiology Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hillard Kaplan
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, and Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Bret Beheim
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Frohlich
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - David E Michalik
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Miller Women's and Children's Hospital Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Chris J Rowan
- Renown Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Reno, NV, USA; University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Guido P Lombardi
- Laboratorio de Paleopatologia, Catedra Pedro Weiss, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ram Bedi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Angela R Garcia
- Department of Anthropology University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - James K Min
- Weill Cornell Medical College and the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, NY, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- University of Southern California Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Long Beach Memorial, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gurven M, Stieglitz J, Trumble B, Blackwell AD, Beheim B, Davis H, Hooper P, Kaplan H. The Tsimane Health and Life History Project: Integrating anthropology and biomedicine. Evol Anthropol 2017; 26:54-73. [PMID: 28429567 PMCID: PMC5421261 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Tsimane Health and Life History Project, an integrated bio-behavioral study of the human life course, is designed to test competing hypotheses of human life-history evolution. One aim is to understand the bidirectional connections between life history and social behavior in a high-fertility, kin-based context lacking amenities of modern urban life (e.g. sanitation, banks, electricity). Another aim is to understand how a high pathogen burden influences health and well-being during development and adulthood. A third aim addresses how modernization shapes human life histories and sociality. Here we outline the project's goals, history, and main findings since its inception in 2002. We reflect on the implications of current findings and highlight the need for more coordinated ethnographic and biomedical study of contemporary nonindustrial populations to address broad questions that can situate evolutionary anthropology in a key position within the social and life sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gurven
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of California‐Santa BarbaraSanta Barbara CA
| | | | - Benjamin Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine; School of Human Evolution and Social ChangeArizona State UniversityTempeAZ
| | - Aaron D. Blackwell
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of California‐Santa BarbaraSanta Barbara CA
| | - Bret Beheim
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and CultureMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Helen Davis
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | | | - Hillard Kaplan
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shen J, Landis GN, Tower J. Multiple Metazoan Life-span Interventions Exhibit a Sex-specific Strehler-Mildvan Inverse Relationship Between Initial Mortality Rate and Age-dependent Mortality Rate Acceleration. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:44-53. [PMID: 26893470 PMCID: PMC6292450 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gompertz equation describes survival in terms of initial mortality rate (parameter a), indicative of health, and age-dependent acceleration in mortality rate (parameter b), indicative of aging. Gompertz parameters were analyzed for several published studies. In Drosophila females, mating increases egg production and decreases median life span, consistent with a trade-off between reproduction and longevity. Mating increased parameter a, causing decreased median life span, whereas time parameter b was decreased. The inverse correlation between parameters indicates the Strehler-Mildvan (S-M) relationship, where loss of low-vitality individuals yields a cohort with slower age-dependent mortality acceleration. The steroid hormone antagonist mifepristone/RU486 reversed these effects. Mating and mifepristone showed robust S-M relationships across genotypes, and dietary restriction showed robust S-M relationship across diets. Because nutrient optima differed between females and males, the same manipulation caused opposite effects on mortality rates in females versus males across a range of nutrient concentrations. Similarly, p53 mutation in Drosophila and mTOR mutation in mice caused increased median life span associated with opposite direction changes in mortality rate parameters in females versus males. The data demonstrate that dietary and genetic interventions have sex-specific and sometimes sexually opposite effects on mortality rates consistent with sexual antagonistic pleiotropy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- College of Life Information Science & Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gary N Landis
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Raichlen DA, Pontzer H, Harris JA, Mabulla AZP, Marlowe FW, Josh Snodgrass J, Eick G, Colette Berbesque J, Sancilio A, Wood BM. Physical activity patterns and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in hunter-gatherers. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [PMID: 27723159 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular health, yet few humans living in industrialized societies meet current recommendations (150 min/week). Researchers have long suggested that human physiological requirements for aerobic exercise reflect an evolutionary shift to a hunting and gathering foraging strategy, and a recent transition to more sedentary lifestyles likely represents a mismatch with our past in terms of physical activity. The goal of this study is to explore this mismatch by characterizing MVPA and cardiovascular health in the Hadza, a modern hunting and gathering population living in Northern Tanzania. METHODS We measured MVPA using continuous heart rate monitoring in 46 participants recruited from two Hadza camps. As part of a larger survey of health in the Hadza, we measured blood pressure (n = 198) and biomarkers of cardiovascular health (n = 23) including C-reactive protein, cholesterol (Total, HDL, and LDL), and triglycerides. RESULTS We show that Hadza participants spend large amounts of time in MVPA (134.92 ± 8.6 min/day), and maintain these activity levels across the lifespan. In fact, the Hadza engage in over 14 times as much MVPA as subjects participating in large epidemiological studies in the United States. We found no evidence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in this population (low prevalence of hypertension across the lifespan, optimal levels for biomarkers of cardiovascular health). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that the hunting and gathering foraging strategy involves high levels of MVPA, supporting the evolutionary medicine model for the relationship between MVPA and cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College, New York, NY, 10065.,New York Consortium for Evolutionary Primatology
| | - Jacob A Harris
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287
| | | | - Frank W Marlowe
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK
| | - J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403
| | - Geeta Eick
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403
| | - J Colette Berbesque
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary Social and Inter-Disciplinary Anthropology, Roehampton University, London, UK
| | - Amelia Sancilio
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520
| | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lawson JS. Multiple Infectious Agents and the Origins of Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:30. [PMID: 27672638 PMCID: PMC5018484 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although deaths due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (ACAD) have fallen dramatically during the past 50 years, ACAD remains as the leading cause of death in all continents, except Africa, where deaths due to infections are still dominant. Although food and nutrition have a proven role in atherosclerosis, the underlying causes of ACAD remain unknown. This is despite a century of intensive research dominated by investigations into the saturated fat hypothesis. In this review, it is hypothesized that the rise and fall in ACAD during the past 100 years is primarily due to the parallel rise and fall in the prevalence of coronary atheroma, the underlying disease. It is further hypothesized that infectious pathogens initiate atherosclerosis mainly during infancy and childhood. It is speculated that widespread use of antibiotics and vaccines against bacterial and viral infections may be the reason for the dramatic fall in coronary atheroma and ACAD during the past 50 years. The relevant evidence and a working hypothesis are included in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James S. Lawson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Early-life disease exposure and associations with adult survival, cause of death, and reproductive success in preindustrial humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8951-6. [PMID: 27457937 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1519820113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A leading hypothesis proposes that increased human life span since 1850 has resulted from decreased exposure to childhood infections, which has reduced chronic inflammation and later-life mortality rates, particularly from cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. Early-life cohort mortality rate often predicts later-life survival in humans, but such associations could arise from factors other than disease exposure. Additionally, the impact of early-life disease exposure on reproduction remains unknown, and thus previous work ignores a major component of fitness through which selection acts upon life-history strategy. We collected data from seven 18th- and 19th-century Finnish populations experiencing naturally varying mortality and fertility levels. We quantified early-life disease exposure as the detrended child mortality rate from infectious diseases during an individual's first 5 y, controlling for important social factors. We found no support for an association between early-life disease exposure and all-cause mortality risk after age 15 or 50. We also found no link between early-life disease exposure and probability of death specifically from cardiovascular disease, stroke, or cancer. Independent of survival, there was no evidence to support associations between early-life disease exposure and any of several aspects of reproductive performance, including lifetime reproductive success and age at first birth, in either males or females. Our results do not support the prevailing assertion that exposure to infectious diseases in early life has long-lasting associations with later-life all-cause mortality risk or mortality putatively linked to chronic inflammation. Variation in adulthood conditions could therefore be the most likely source of recent increases in adult life span.
Collapse
|
31
|
Evolutionary determinants of polycystic ovary syndrome: part 2. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:42-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
32
|
Blackwell AD, Trumble BC, Maldonado Suarez I, Stieglitz J, Beheim B, Snodgrass JJ, Kaplan H, Gurven M. Immune function in Amazonian horticulturalists. Ann Hum Biol 2016; 43:382-96. [PMID: 27174705 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2016.1189963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amazonian populations are exposed to diverse parasites and pathogens, including protozoal, bacterial, fungal and helminthic infections. Yet much knowledge of the immune system is based on industrialised populations where these infections are relatively rare. AIM This study examines distributions and age-related differences in 22 measures of immune function for Bolivian forager-horticulturalists and US and European populations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Subjects were 6338 Tsimane aged 0-90 years. Blood samples collected between 2004-2014 were analysed for 5-part blood differentials, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and total immunoglobulins E, G, A and M. Flow cytometry was used to quantify naïve and non-naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells, natural killer cells, and B cells. RESULTS Compared to reference populations, Tsimane have elevated levels of most immunological parameters, particularly immunoglobulins, eosinophils, ESR, B cells, and natural killer cells. However, monocytes and basophils are reduced and naïve CD4 cells depleted in older age groups. CONCLUSION Tsimane ecology leads to lymphocyte repertoires and immunoglobulin profiles that differ from those observed in industrialised populations. These differences have consequences for disease susceptibility and co-vary with patterns of other life history traits, such as growth and reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Blackwell
- a Department of Anthropology , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , USA ;,b Tsimane Health and Life History Project , San Borja , Bolivia
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- a Department of Anthropology , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , USA ;,b Tsimane Health and Life History Project , San Borja , Bolivia ;,c Center for Evolutionary Medicine, Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA ;,d School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | | | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- b Tsimane Health and Life History Project , San Borja , Bolivia ;,e Department of Anthropology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM , USA ;,f Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse , Toulouse , France
| | - Bret Beheim
- b Tsimane Health and Life History Project , San Borja , Bolivia ;,e Department of Anthropology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - J Josh Snodgrass
- g Department of Anthropology , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR , USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- b Tsimane Health and Life History Project , San Borja , Bolivia ;,e Department of Anthropology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- a Department of Anthropology , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , USA ;,b Tsimane Health and Life History Project , San Borja , Bolivia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Blackwell AD, Tamayo MA, Beheim B, Trumble BC, Stieglitz J, Hooper PL, Martin M, Kaplan H, Gurven M. Helminth infection, fecundity, and age of first pregnancy in women. Science 2016; 350:970-2. [PMID: 26586763 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infection with intestinal helminths results in immunological changes that influence co-infections, and might influence fecundity by inducing immunological states affecting conception and pregnancy. We investigated associations between intestinal helminths and fertility in women, using 9 years of longitudinal data from 986 Bolivian forager-horticulturalists, experiencing natural fertility and 70% helminth prevalence. We found that different species of helminth are associated with contrasting effects on fecundity. Infection with roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) is associated with earlier first births and shortened interbirth intervals, whereas infection with hookworm is associated with delayed first pregnancy and extended interbirth intervals. Thus, helminths may have important effects on human fertility that reflect physiological and immunological consequences of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Blackwell
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Broom Center for Demography, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Marilyne A Tamayo
- Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bret Beheim
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Broom Center for Demography, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Center for Evolutionary Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul L Hooper
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Melanie Martin
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Broom Center for Demography, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia. Broom Center for Demography, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gurven MD, Trumble BC, Stieglitz J, Blackwell AD, Michalik DE, Finch CE, Kaplan HS. Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in evolutionary perspective: a critical role for helminths? Evol Med Public Health 2016; 2016:338-357. [PMID: 27666719 PMCID: PMC5101910 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eow028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease and type 2 diabetes are commonly believed to be rare among contemporary subsistence-level human populations, and by extension prehistoric populations. Although some caveats remain, evidence shows these diseases to be unusual among well-studied hunter-gatherers and other subsistence populations with minimal access to healthcare. Here we expand on a relatively new proposal for why these and other populations may not show major signs of these diseases. Chronic infections, especially helminths, may offer protection against heart disease and diabetes through direct and indirect pathways. As part of a strategy to insure their own survival and reproduction, helminths exert multiple cardio-protective effects on their host through their effects on immune function and blood lipid metabolism. Helminths consume blood lipids and glucose, alter lipid metabolism, and modulate immune function towards Th-2 polarization - which combined can lower blood cholesterol, reduce obesity, increase insulin sensitivity, decrease atheroma progression, and reduce likelihood of atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Traditional cardiometabolic risk factors, coupled with the mismatch between our evolved immune systems and modern, hygienic environments may interact in complex ways. In this review, we survey existing studies in the non-human animal and human literature, highlight unresolved questions and suggest future directions to explore the role of helminths in the etiology of cardio-metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change & Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, 21 allée de Brienne, 31015 Toulouse Cedex 6, France
| | - Aaron D Blackwell
- Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - David E Michalik
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine; Depts of Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Andrus Gerontology Center and Dept. Neurobiology USC College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Hillard S Kaplan
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lorenz TK, Worthman CM, Vitzthum VJ. Links among inflammation, sexual activity and ovulation: Evolutionary trade-offs and clinical implications. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 2015:304-24. [PMID: 26675298 PMCID: PMC4681377 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eov029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in healthy sexually active women decreased at midcycle, around ovulation, which may have evolved to promote conception. Background and objectives: We examined a mechanism that may coordinate trade-offs between reproduction and immune response in healthy women, namely, changes in inflammation across the ovarian cycle. Methodology: We investigated C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker, across two consecutive ovarian cycles in 61 Bolivian women. Participants provided saliva samples every other day, and dried blood spots on 5–6 days spread across weeks 2–3 of each cycle. Cycles were characterized as ovulatory/anovulatory based on profiles of reproductive hormones. Participants also reported whether they were sexually partnered with a male or sexually abstinent during the study. Results: High early-cycle, but not late-cycle, CRP was associated with anovulation. High inflammation at the end of one cycle was not associated with anovulation in the subsequent cycle. Among ovulatory cycles, women with sexual partners had significantly lower CRP at midcycle, and higher CRP at follicular and luteal phases; in contrast, sexually abstinent women had little cycle-related change in CRP. In anovulatory cycles, partnership had no effect on CRP. CRP varied significantly with socioeconomic status (higher in better-off than in poorer women). Conclusions and implications: These findings suggest that the cycle-specific effect of inflammation on ovarian function may be a flexible, adaptive mechanism for managing trade-offs between reproduction and immunity. Sociosexual behavior may moderate changes in inflammation across the ovarian cycle, suggesting that these shifts represent evolved mechanisms to manage the trade-offs between reproduction and immunity. Clinically, these findings support considering both menstrual cycle phase and sexual activity in evaluations of pre-menopausal women’s CRP concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tierney K Lorenz
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Morrison Hall 313, 1165 E 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; The Center for Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Carol M Worthman
- Laboratory for Comparative Human Biology, Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 214 Anthropology, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Virginia J Vitzthum
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Morrison Hall 313, 1165 E 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; The Center for Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Evolutionary Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Student Building 130, 701 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Herman Pontzer
- Hunter College, City University of New York, and New York Consortium for Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY 10065;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yetish G, Kaplan H, Gurven M, Wood B, Pontzer H, Manger PR, Wilson C, McGregor R, Siegel JM. Natural sleep and its seasonal variations in three pre-industrial societies. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2862-2868. [PMID: 26480842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
How did humans sleep before the modern era? Because the tools to measure sleep under natural conditions were developed long after the invention of the electric devices suspected of delaying and reducing sleep, we investigated sleep in three preindustrial societies [1-3]. We find that all three show similar sleep organization, suggesting that they express core human sleep patterns, most likely characteristic of pre-modern era Homo sapiens. Sleep periods, the times from onset to offset, averaged 6.9-8.5 hr, with sleep durations of 5.7-7.1 hr, amounts near the low end of those industrial societies [4-7]. There was a difference of nearly 1 hr between summer and winter sleep. Daily variation in sleep duration was strongly linked to time of onset, rather than offset. None of these groups began sleep near sunset, onset occurring, on average, 3.3 hr after sunset. Awakening was usually before sunrise. The sleep period consistently occurred during the nighttime period of falling environmental temperature, was not interrupted by extended periods of waking, and terminated, with vasoconstriction, near the nadir of daily ambient temperature. The daily cycle of temperature change, largely eliminated from modern sleep environments, may be a potent natural regulator of sleep. Light exposure was maximal in the morning and greatly decreased at noon, indicating that all three groups seek shade at midday and that light activation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus is maximal in the morning. Napping occurred on <7% of days in winter and <22% of days in summer. Mimicking aspects of the natural environment might be effective in treating certain modern sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi Yetish
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, MSC01-1040, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, MSC01-1040, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1210 Cheadle Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Brian Wood
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paul R Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Charles Wilson
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ronald McGregor
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jerome M Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street, Los Angeles, CA 91343 USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Stieglitz J, Trumble BC, Thompson ME, Blackwell AD, Kaplan H, Gurven M. Depression as sickness behavior? A test of the host defense hypothesis in a high pathogen population. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 49:130-9. [PMID: 26044086 PMCID: PMC4567437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sadness is an emotion universally recognized across cultures, suggesting it plays an important functional role in regulating human behavior. Numerous adaptive explanations of persistent sadness interfering with daily functioning (hereafter "depression") have been proposed, but most do not explain frequent bidirectional associations between depression and greater immune activation. Here we test several predictions of the host defense hypothesis, which posits that depression is part of a broader coordinated evolved response to infection or tissue injury (i.e. "sickness behavior") that promotes energy conservation and reallocation to facilitate immune activation. In a high pathogen population of lean and relatively egalitarian Bolivian forager-horticulturalists, we test whether depression and its symptoms are associated with greater baseline concentration of immune biomarkers reliably associated with depression in Western populations (i.e. tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and C-reactive protein [CRP]). We also test whether greater pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to ex vivo antigen stimulation are associated with depression and its symptoms, which is expected if depression facilitates immune activation. These predictions are largely supported in a sample of older adult Tsimane (mean±SD age=53.2±11.0, range=34-85, n=649) after adjusting for potential confounders. Emotional, cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression are each associated with greater immune activation, both at baseline and in response to ex vivo stimulation. The association between depression and greater immune activation is therefore not unique to Western populations. While our findings are not predicted by other adaptive hypotheses of depression, they are not incompatible with those hypotheses and future research is necessary to isolate and test competing predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, 21 allée de Brienne, MS 102, 31015 Toulouse Cedex 6, France; Department of Anthropology, MSC 01-1040, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Unit, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Melissa Emery Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, MSC 01-1040, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Aaron D Blackwell
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Unit, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, 21 allée de Brienne, MS 102, 31015 Toulouse Cedex 6, France; Department of Anthropology, MSC 01-1040, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Michael Gurven
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Unit, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Watson H, Cohen AA, Isaksson C. A theoretical model of the evolution of actuarial senescence under environmental stress. Exp Gerontol 2015; 71:80-8. [PMID: 26335620 PMCID: PMC4710637 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Free-living organisms are exposed to a wide range of stressors, all of which can disrupt components of stress-related and detoxification physiology. The subsequent accumulation of somatic damage is widely believed to play a major role in the evolution of senescence. Organisms have evolved sophisticated physiological regulatory mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in response to environmental perturbations, but these systems are likely to be constrained in their ability to optimise robustness to multiple stressors due to functional correlations among related traits. While evolutionary change can accelerate due to human ecological impacts, it remains to be understood how exposure to multiple environmental stressors could affect senescence rates and subsequently population dynamics and fitness. We used a theoretical evolutionary framework to quantify the potential consequences for the evolution of actuarial senescence in response to exposure to simultaneous physiological stressors – one versus multiple and additive versus synergistic – in a hypothetical population of avian “urban adapters”. In a model in which multiple stressors have additive effects on physiology, species may retain greater capacity to recover, or respond adaptively, to environmental challenges. However, in the presence of high synergy, physiological dysregulation suddenly occurs, leading to a rapid increase in age-dependent mortality and subsequent population collapse. Our results suggest that, if the synergistic model is correct, population crashes in environmentally-stressed species could happen quickly and with little warning, as physiological thresholds of stress resistance are overcome. Environmental stressors challenge physiological systems linked to senescence. Various scenarios of stress exposure were simulated on a hypothetical “urban adapter”. Actuarial senescence increased rapidly in synergistic models of stress. Wild populations may be at greater risk of collapse than demography alone suggests. An explicit model of how stressors affect physiology underlying ageing is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Watson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - A A Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1J 3H5, Canada
| | - C Isaksson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Using historical data from 1,763 birth cohorts from 1800 to 1935 in 13 developed countries, we show that what is now seen as normal-a large excess of female life expectancy in adulthood-is a demographic phenomenon that emerged among people born in the late 1800s. We show that excess adult male mortality is clearly rooted in specific age groups, 50-70, and that the sex asymmetry emerged in cohorts born after 1880 when male:female mortality ratios increased by as much as 50% from a baseline of about 1.1. Heart disease is the main condition associated with increased excess male mortality for those born after 1900. We further show that smoking-attributable deaths account for about 30% of excess male mortality at ages 50-70 for cohorts born in 1900-1935. However, after accounting for smoking, substantial excess male mortality at ages 50-70 remained, particularly from cardiovascular disease. The greater male vulnerability to cardiovascular conditions emerged with the reduction in infectious mortality and changes in health-related behaviors.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hodges-Simeon CR, Gurven M, Gaulin SJ. The low male voice is a costly signal of phenotypic quality among Bolivian adolescents. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
42
|
Stieglitz J, Beheim BA, Trumble BC, Madimenos FC, Kaplan H, Gurven M. Low mineral density of a weight-bearing bone among adult women in a high fertility population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 156:637-48. [PMID: 25488367 PMCID: PMC4368479 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary theories of aging posit that greater reproductive effort causes somatic decline given a fundamental trade-off between investing energy in reproduction and repair. Few studies in high fertility human populations support this hypothesis, and problems of phenotypic correlation can obscure the expected trade-off between reproduction and somatic condition. This cross-sectional study investigates whether greater reproductive effort is associated with reduced calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD) among female Tsimane forager-farmers of lowland Bolivia. We also investigate whether female Tsimane BMD values are lower than sex- and age-matched US reference values, despite the fact that Tsimane engage in higher physical activity levels that can increase mechanical loading. To measure calcaneal BMD, quantitative ultrasonography was performed on 130 women (mean ± SD age = 36.6 ± 15.7, range = 15-75) that were recruited regardless of past or current reproductive status. Anthropometric and demographic data were collected during routine medical exams. As predicted, higher parity, short inter-birth interval, and earlier age at first birth are associated with reduced BMD among Tsimane women after adjusting for potential confounders. Population-level differences are apparent prior to the onset of reproduction, and age-related decline in BMD is greater among Tsimane compared with American women. Greater cumulative reproductive burden may lower calcaneal BMD individually and jointly with other lifestyle and heritable factors. Fitness impacts of kin transfers in adulthood may determine the value of investments in bone remodeling, and thus affect selection on age-profiles of bone mineral loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stieglitz
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, 31015 Toulouse Cedex 6, FRANCE
| | - Bret A. Beheim
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Unit, UCSB, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | | | - Hillard Kaplan
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, 31015 Toulouse Cedex 6, FRANCE
| | - Michael Gurven
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Unit, UCSB, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cohen AA, Milot E, Li Q, Bergeron P, Poirier R, Dusseault-Bélanger F, Fülöp T, Leroux M, Legault V, Metter EJ, Fried LP, Ferrucci L. Detection of a novel, integrative aging process suggests complex physiological integration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116489. [PMID: 25761112 PMCID: PMC4356614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies of aging examine biomarkers one at a time, but complex systems theory and network theory suggest that interpretations of individual markers may be context-dependent. Here, we attempted to detect underlying processes governing the levels of many biomarkers simultaneously by applying principal components analysis to 43 common clinical biomarkers measured longitudinally in 3694 humans from three longitudinal cohort studies on two continents (Women's Health and Aging I & II, InCHIANTI, and the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging). The first axis was associated with anemia, inflammation, and low levels of calcium and albumin. The axis structure was precisely reproduced in all three populations and in all demographic sub-populations (by sex, race, etc.); we call the process represented by the axis "integrated albunemia." Integrated albunemia increases and accelerates with age in all populations, and predicts mortality and frailty--but not chronic disease--even after controlling for age. This suggests a role in the aging process, though causality is not yet clear. Integrated albunemia behaves more stably across populations than its component biomarkers, and thus appears to represent a higher-order physiological process emerging from the structure of underlying regulatory networks. If this is correct, detection of this process has substantial implications for physiological organization more generally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Milot
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Qing Li
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Patrick Bergeron
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Roxane Poirier
- Department of Biology, University of Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Francis Dusseault-Bélanger
- Department of Mathematics, University of Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Tamàs Fülöp
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Maxime Leroux
- Economics Department, ESG, Université du Québec à Montréal, 315 rue Sainte-Catherine Est, Montréal, QC, H2X 3X2, Canada
| | - Véronique Legault
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - E. Jeffrey Metter
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital, 3001 S. Hanover Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21225, United States of America
| | - Linda P. Fried
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168th Street, R1408, New York, New York 10032, United States of America
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital, 3001 S. Hanover Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21225, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bickler SW, Lizardo RE, De Maio A. The transition from a rural to an urban environment alters expression of the human Ebola virus receptor Neiman-Pick C1: implications for the current epidemic in West Africa. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:203-6. [PMID: 25477151 PMCID: PMC4326391 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Bickler
- />Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA 92093-0739 USA
- />Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- />Division of Pediatric Surgery, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
| | - Radhames E. Lizardo
- />Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA 92093-0739 USA
- />Department of Surgery, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134 USA
- />Division of Pediatric Surgery, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
| | - Antonio De Maio
- />Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA 92093-0739 USA
- />Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- />Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Crimmins EM. Physiological Differences Across Populations Reflecting Early Life and Later Life Nutritional Status and Later Life Risk for Chronic Disease. JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2015; 8:51-69. [PMID: 25750688 DOI: 10.1007/s12062-014-9109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M Crimmins
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191 USA, , 1-213-740-1707 Phone
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tanner S. Health and disease: exploring the relation between parasitic infections, child nutrition status, and markets. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 155:221-8. [PMID: 25059318 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Research in bioarchaeology and among living people provides insight into the biological and biocultural consequences of subsistence, political, and economic transitions. Central to this effort is examining infectious disease, such as diarrheal disease, respiratory infections, and parasitic infections because they are an important source of nutritional and energetic stress in both past and current groups. Although infection may not always result in overt disease, frequent exposure results in biological stress with a negative effect on child growth and, by extension, health. The goal of this article is to examine the association between a common class of infectious disease, soil-transmitted helminth worms, and nutritional status among youth living in communities that vary with respect to their distance from a commercial center. In 2007, anthropometric measurements and parasitological surveys were collected for 338 2-14-year-old children and adolescents living in lowland Bolivia as part of the Tsimane' Amazonian Panel Study. Associations between the presence of helminth infections and markers of both short- and long-term nutritional status were overall weak. Youth living in communities distant from the commercial center were more likely to be positive for multiple parasite species than youth in near communities, but youth in mid-distance communities had lower infection rates. This article demonstrates the challenge of identifying associations between nutritional and disease stress when individual and household factors are nested in a larger context of socioeconomic and environmental change. Increased collaboration between bioarchaeology and human biology should continue to examine the connections between stress and disease across time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Tanner
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Azevedo OGR, Bolick DT, Roche JK, Pinkerton RF, Lima AAM, Vitek MP, Warren CA, Oriá RB, Guerrant RL. Apolipoprotein E plays a key role against cryptosporidial infection in transgenic undernourished mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89562. [PMID: 24586873 PMCID: PMC3938486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoliprotein E (apoE), a critical targeting protein in lipid homeostasis, has been found to have immunoinflammatory effects on murine models of infection and malnutrition. The effects of apoE in undernourished and Cryptosporidium parvum-infected mice have not been investigated. In order to study the role of apoE in a model of C. parvum infection, we used the following C57BL6J mouse genetic strains: APOE-deficient, wild-type controls, and APOE targeted replacement (TR) mice expressing human APOE genes (E3/3; E4/4). Experimental mice were orally infected with 107-unexcysted-C. parvum oocysts between post-natal days 34–35 followed by malnutrition induced with a low-protein diet. Mice were euthanized seven days after C. parvum-challenge to investigate ileal morphology, cytokines, and cationic arginine transporter (CAT-1), arginase 1, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. In addition, we analyzed stool oocyst shedding by qRT-PCR and serum lipids. APOE4/4-TR mice had better weight gains after infection plus malnutrition compared with APOE3/3-TR and wild-type mice. APOE4/4-TR and APOE knockout mice had lower oocyst shedding, however the latter exhibited with villus blunting and higher ileal pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS transcripts. APOE4/4-TR mice had increased ileal CAT-1, arginase-1, and TLR9 transcripts relative to APOE knockout. Although with anti-parasitic effects, APOE deficiency exacerbates intestinal inflammatory responses and mucosal damage in undernourished and C. parvum-infected mice. In addition, the human APOE4 gene was found to be protective against the compounded insult of Cryptosporidium infection plus malnutrition, thus extending our previous findings of the protection against diarrhea in APOE4 children. Altogether our findings suggest that apoE plays a key role in the intestinal restitution and immunoinflammatory responses with Cryptosporidium infection and malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orleâncio G R Azevedo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America ; Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Institute of the Brazilian Semi-arid, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - David T Bolick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - James K Roche
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Relana F Pinkerton
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Aldo A M Lima
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America ; Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research Unit, Institute of the Brazilian Semi-Arid, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Michael P Vitek
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cirle A Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America ; Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Institute of the Brazilian Semi-arid, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Richard L Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America ; Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research Unit, Institute of the Brazilian Semi-Arid, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pisor AC, Gurven M, Blackwell AD, Kaplan H, Yetish G. Patterns of senescence in human cardiovascular fitness: VO2 max in subsistence and industrialized populations. Am J Hum Biol 2013; 25:756-69. [PMID: 24022886 PMCID: PMC4142762 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explores whether cardiovascular fitness levels and senescent decline are similar in the Tsimane of Bolivia and Canadians, as well as other subsistence and industrialized populations. Among Tsimane, we examine whether morbidity predicts lower levels and faster decline of cardiovascular fitness, or whether their lifestyle (e.g., high physical activity) promotes high levels and slow decline. Alternatively, high activity levels and morbidity might counterbalance such that Tsimane fitness levels and decline are similar to those in industrialized populations. METHODS Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was estimated using a step test heart rate method for 701 participants. We compared these estimates to the Canadian Health Measures Survey and previous studies in industrialized and subsistence populations. We evaluated whether health indicators and proxies for market integration were associated with VO2 max levels and rate of decline for the Tsimane. RESULTS The Tsimane have significantly higher levels of VO2 max and slower rates of decline than Canadians; initial evidence suggests differences in VO2 max levels between other subsistence and industrialized populations. Low hemoglobin predicts low VO2 max for Tsimane women while helminth infection predicts high VO2 max for Tsimane men, though results might be specific to the VO2 max scaling parameter used. No variables tested interact with age to moderate decline. CONCLUSIONS The Tsimane demonstrate higher levels of cardiovascular fitness than industrialized populations, but levels similar to other subsistence populations. The high VO2 max of Tsimane is consistent with their high physical activity and few indicators of cardiovascular disease, measured in previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C. Pisor
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Aaron D. Blackwell
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Gandhi Yetish
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Trumble BC, Cummings DK, O'Connor KA, Holman DJ, Smith EA, Kaplan HS, Gurven MD. Age-independent increases in male salivary testosterone during horticultural activity among Tsimane forager-farmers. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2013; 34. [PMID: 24187482 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone plays an important role in mediating male reproductive trade-offs in many vertebrate species, augmenting muscle and influencing behavior necessary for male-male competition and mating-effort. Among humans, testosterone may also play a key role in facilitating male provisioning of offspring as muscular and neuromuscular performance are deeply influenced by acute changes in testosterone. This study examines acute changes in salivary testosterone among 63 Tsimane men ranging in age from 16-80 (mean 38.2) years during one-hour bouts of tree-chopping while clearing horticultural plots. The Tsimane forager-horticulturalists living in the Bolivian Amazon experience high energy expenditure associated with food production, have high levels of parasites and pathogens, and display significantly lower baseline salivary testosterone than age-matched US males. Mixed-effects models controlling for BMI and time of specimen collection reveal increased salivary testosterone (p<0.001) equivalent to a 48.6% rise, after one hour of tree chopping. Age had no effect on baseline (p=0.656) or change in testosterone (p=0.530); self-reported illness did not modify testosterone change (p=0.488). A comparison of these results to the relative change in testosterone during a competitive soccer tournament in the same population reveals larger relative changes in testosterone following resource production (tree chopping), compared to competition (soccer). These findings highlight the importance of moving beyond a unidimensional focus on changes in testosterone and male-male aggression to investigate the importance of testosterone-behavior interactions across additional male fitness-related activities. Acutely increased testosterone during muscularly intensive horticultural food production may facilitate male productivity and provisioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Trumble
- Institute for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Research, University of California Santa Barbara
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Precursors to overnutrition: The effects of household market food expenditures on measures of body composition among Tsimane' adults in lowland Bolivia. Soc Sci Med 2013; 92:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|