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Groeneveld L, Beulens JW, Blom MT, van Straten A, van der Zweerde T, Elders PJ, Rutters F. The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on sleep and glycemic outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Sleep Med 2024; 120:44-52. [PMID: 38878350 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Investigate whether aiding sleep by online cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) can improve glycemic and metabolic control, mood, quality of life (QoL) and insomnia symptoms in people with type 2 diabetes and assess the mediating role of lifestyle factors. METHODS Adults with type 2 diabetes and insomnia symptoms were randomly assigned to CBT-I or care as usual. At baseline, three and six months we assessed HbA1c as primary outcome and glycemic control, metabolic outcomes, sleep, mood and QoL as secondary outcomes. Mixed models were used to determine within-person and between-persons differences in outcomes and mediation analysis for lifestyle factors. RESULTS We randomized 29 participants to CBT-I and 28 to care as usual. Intention-to-treat analysis showed no significant differences in glycemic control, metabolic outcomes, anger, distress or QoL, but showed a significantly larger decrease in insomnia (-1.37(2.65: 0.09)) and depressive symptoms (-0.92(-1.77: 0.06)) and increase in BMI (0.29 kg/m2(0.00:0.57)) in the intervention compared to the control group. Only half of the intervention participants completed the CBT-I. Per protocol analysis showed a not statistically significant decrease in HbA1c (-2.10 mmol/l(-4.83:0.63)) and glucose (-0.39 mmol/l(-1.19:0.42)), metabolic outcomes and increase in QoL. Furthermore, the intervention group showed a significant decrease in insomnia (-2.22(-3.65: 0.78)) and depressive symptoms (-1.18(-2.17: 0.19)) compared to the control group. Lifestyle factors partially mediated the effect of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS CBT-I might improve insomnia symptoms and mood, and perhaps improves glycemic control, albeit not significant, in people with type 2 diabetes and insomnia symptoms, compared to care as usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Groeneveld
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Joline Wj Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke T Blom
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Department of General Practice, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke van Straten
- Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja van der Zweerde
- Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petra Jm Elders
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Department of General Practice, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Rutters
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Zou L, Herold F, Cheval B, Wheeler MJ, Pindus DM, Erickson KI, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Müller NG, Dunstan DW, Kramer AF, Hillman CH, Hallgren M, Ekelund U, Maltagliati S, Owen N. Sedentary behavior and lifespan brain health. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:369-382. [PMID: 38431428 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Higher levels of physical activity are known to benefit aspects of brain health across the lifespan. However, the role of sedentary behavior (SB) is less well understood. In this review we summarize and discuss evidence on the role of SB on brain health (including cognitive performance, structural or functional brain measures, and dementia risk) for different age groups, critically compare assessment approaches to capture SB, and offer insights into emerging opportunities to assess SB via digital technologies. Across the lifespan, specific characteristics of SB (particularly whether they are cognitively active or cognitively passive) potentially act as moderators influencing the associations between SB and specific brain health outcomes. We outline challenges and opportunities for future research aiming to provide more robust empirical evidence on these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Boris Cheval
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Ecole Normale Supérieure Rennes, Bruz, France; Laboratory VIPS2, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Michael J Wheeler
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Dominika M Pindus
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85721, USA
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - David W Dunstan
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, The Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvio Maltagliati
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Neville Owen
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Vähä-Ypyä H, Husu P, Sievänen H, Vasankari T. Measurement of Sedentary Behavior-The Outcomes of the Angle for Posture Estimation (APE) Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2241. [PMID: 38610452 PMCID: PMC11014150 DOI: 10.3390/s24072241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Hip-worn accelerometers are commonly used to assess habitual physical activity, but their accuracy in precisely measuring sedentary behavior (SB) is generally considered low. The angle for postural estimation (APE) method has shown promising accuracy in SB measurement. This method relies on the constant nature of Earth's gravity and the assumption that walking posture is typically upright. This study investigated how cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) are related to APE output. A total of 3475 participants with adequate accelerometer wear time were categorized into three groups according to CRF or BMI. Participants in low CRF and high BMI groups spent more time in reclining and lying postures (APE ≥ 30°) and less time in sitting and standing postures (APE < 30°) than the other groups. Furthermore, the strongest partial Spearman correlation with CRF (r = 0.284) and BMI (r = -0.320) was observed for APE values typical for standing. The findings underscore the utility of the APE method in studying associations between SB and health outcomes. Importantly, this study emphasizes the necessity of reserving the term "sedentary behavior" for studies wherein the classification of SB is based on both intensity and posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Pauliina Husu
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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Sivaramakrishnan D, Baker G, Parker RA, Manner J, Lloyd S, Jepson R. A mixed method evaluation of a theory based intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in contact centres- the stand up for health stepped wedge feasibility study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293602. [PMID: 38100490 PMCID: PMC10723690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contact centres have higher levels of sedentary behaviour than other office-based workplaces. Stand Up for Health (SUH) is a theory-based intervention developed using the 6SQuID framework to reduce sedentary behaviour in contact centre workers. The aim of this study was to test acceptability and feasibility of implementing SUH in UK contact centres. METHODS The study was conducted in 2020-2022 (pre COVID and during lockdown) and used a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial design including a process evaluation. The intervention included working with contact centre managers to develop and implement a customised action plan aligning with SUH's theory of change. Workplace sedentary time, measured using activPAL™ devices, was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included productivity, mental wellbeing, musculoskeletal health and physical activity. Empirical estimates of between-centre standard deviation and within-centre standard deviation of outcomes from pre-lockdown data were calculated to inform sample size calculations for future trials. The process evaluation adopted the RE-AIM framework to understand acceptability and feasibility of implementing the intervention. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with contact centre employees and managers, and activity preferences were collected using a questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 11 contact centres participated: 155 employees from 6 centres in the pre-lockdown data collection, and 54 employees from 5 centres post-lockdown. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 33 employees and managers, and 96 participants completed an intervention activity preference questionnaire. Overall, the intervention was perceived as acceptable and feasible to deliver. Most centres implemented several intervention activities aligned with SUH's theory of change and over 50% of staff participated in at least one activity (pre-lockdown period). Perceived benefits including reduced sedentary behaviour, increased physical activity, and improved staff morale and mood were reported by contact centre employees and managers. CONCLUSIONS SUH demonstrates potential as an appealing and acceptable intervention, impacting several wellbeing outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial has been registered on the ISRCTNdatabase: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN11580369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sivaramakrishnan
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Baker
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Parker
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian Manner
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Lloyd
- Public Health South Tees, Middlesbrough Council and Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
- Fuse–UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Jepson
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Said M, Ghoneim B, Jones J, Tawfick W. The effects of sedentary behaviour on patients with peripheral arterial Disease: A systematic review. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102424. [PMID: 37810263 PMCID: PMC10556819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behavior has recently emerged as a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. The objective of this review was to assess the relationship between sedentary behavior and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed an electronic search across databases including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINHAL and PubMed to identify studies focusing on sedentary behavior and PAD. A total of 678 records fulfilled eligibility; 166 duplicates were removed, 487 were excluded at the title and abstract level and 15 studies were excluded at the full article level. Thus, our review comprised 10 studies of 20,064 patients with mean age 67.4 years. The average sedentary time was 544.9 min/day. The current review findings indicate that patients with PAD exhibited prolonged periods of sedentary behavior. Furthermore, sedentary behavior among patients with PAD was associated with lower survival rates. The included studies also reported varied outcomes regarding walking distance with some showing an association between reduced sedentary behavior and increased total walking distance. A randomized controlled trial in this review highlighted that reducing sedentary time among patients with PAD improved walking distance. Therefore, the connection between sedentary behavior and PAD seems to be bidirectional. Sedentary time could contribute to PAD development, and PAD-related symptoms may lead to prolonged sedentary behavior. A call for research investigating the link between PAD and sedentary time. Additionally, intervention studies are needed to target the reduction of sedentary time in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Said
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Jennifer Jones
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Ireland
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, Ireland
| | - Wael Tawfick
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Ireland
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, Ireland
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Kellner M, Dold C, Lohkamp M. Objectively Assessing the Effect of a Messenger-based Intervention to Reduce Sedentary Behavior in University Students: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2023; 44:521-534. [PMID: 37171555 PMCID: PMC10589177 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Sedentary behavior poses a serious health risk. Students in particular are highly affected by prolonged, uninterrupted periods of sitting due to routines in everyday university life, such as attending lectures, self-study periods in the library, etc. Whereas university students are mostly young and therefore appear to be healthy, evidence-based consequences of prolonged sitting may come to pass in prospective times. Therefore, primary prevention must be initiated to shield university students from the occurrence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Consequently, the study aims to evaluate a messenger-based intervention designed to reduce sedentary time among university students. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed in a randomized controlled trial with a convenience sample of thirty-four German university students. ActivPal devices (Pal Technologies Ltd., Glasgow) were applied to measure sedentary behavior objectively before and after a 3-week intervention of messages to interrupt sedentary time. An additional evaluation of the messages was carried out. RESULTS Sedentary behavior decreased by about one hour in the intervention group. Explorative analysis shows a statistically significant, negative correlation between sedentary time at baseline and the change of sedentary behavior over time in the intervention group (r = - .81) indicating effectiveness of the intervention for the participants with the highest sedentary times at baseline. Additionally, the messages were considered appropriate by the participants. CONCLUSION A reduction of sedentary time of one hour per day in the intervention group is practically significant. The current investigation had similar findings with prior studies where promising results for the reduction of sedentary behavior were observed through mobile-based interventions. The detected effects of the intervention in this pilot study demonstrate an opportunity for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kellner
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - C Dold
- Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Lohkamp
- SRH University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Brinson AK, da Silva SG, Hesketh KR, Evenson KR. Impact of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Spontaneous Female and Male Fertility: A Systematic Review. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:600-615. [PMID: 37146984 PMCID: PMC7614776 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before pregnancy is recognized, ovulation, fertilization, and implantation must all occur. Physical activity and sedentary behavior may impact pregnancy success by altering each or all of these processes. The aim of this review was to review the association between physical activity and sedentary behavior with spontaneous female and male fertility. METHOD PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Embase were searched from inception to August 9, 2021. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials or observational studies, published in English, describing an association between physical activity or sedentary behavior (exposures) and spontaneous fertility (outcome) among women or men. RESULTS Thirty-four studies from 31 unique populations were included in this review (12 cross-sectional studies, 10 cohort studies, 6 case-control studies, 5 randomized controlled trials, and one case-cohort study). Of the 25 studies among women, the majority identified mixed results (n = 11) or no association (n = 9) between physical activity and female fertility. Seven studies reported on female fertility and sedentary behavior, and 2 found sedentary behavior was associated with decreased female fertility. Of the 11 studies among men, most of the studies (n = 6) found that physical activity was associated with increased male fertility. Two of the studies reported on male fertility and sedentary behavior, and neither identified an association. CONCLUSIONS The association between spontaneous fertility and physical activity in both men and women remains unclear, and the association with sedentary behavior remains largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shana G. da Silva
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Hesketh
- University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Bácsné Bába É, Müller A, Pfau C, Balogh R, Bartha É, Szabados G, Bács Z, Ráthonyi-Ódor K, Ráthonyi G. Sedentary Behavior Patterns of the Hungarian Adult Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2702. [PMID: 36768067 PMCID: PMC9916297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nowadays, a high level of sedentary behavior (SB) is an important health issue. Many studies have focused on evaluating the physical activity (PA) level, while evaluation of SB has received less attention. The main goal of the present study is to describe the sedentary lifestyle of the Hungarian adult population and identify the vulnerable groups with high amount of sitting time and the patterns of SB. Another aim of this study is to compare the two types of questionnaires (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-IPAQ and Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire-SBQ) related to sitting time. METHODS This study analyzed cross-sectional primary data using self-reported questionnaires collected by a Hungarian research market company among the adult population in Hungary. The final sample of this study consisted of 1295 participants with a mean age of 45.9 years (SD = 15.2). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with post-hoc (Tukey) analysis were used to analyze the link between sitting time and socio-demographic variables (sex, age, BMI, settlement type, education level, marital status, work category, working hours, employment status, sport activity) and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS According to the SBQ, on average, Hungarians sit for 469.53 min per day (7.81 h) on weekdays and 421.25 min per day (7.01 h) on weekends, which suggested a significant difference compared to IPAQ data: 287.82 min per day (4.79 h) on weekdays and 224.30 min per day (3.73 h) on weekends. Young people (aged between 18 and 29) were reported to have the highest average sitting time, i.e., 545 min per day (more than 9 h), and are showing the highest prevalence (53%) of sitting at least 480 min (8 h) per day. Sitting workers also had a high average sitting time, i.e., 514.82 min per day, and a high prevalence (49.3%) of sitting at least 480 min (8 h) per day. People who live in the capital city had higher sitting time, especially on working days. Men sat longer than woman, i.e., 19 min on working days and 45 min on weekends. The most frequent sedentary activities are: working on computer (126 min) on working days and watching TV (130 min) on weekends. Our results clearly show that the self-report single-item measure (IPAQ) significantly underestimates sedentary time compared to the multi-item questionnaire (SBQ). We identified vulnerable groups with high sitting times: men, young adults, inhabitants of the capital city and sitting workers. Consequently, these groups should be continuously surveyed, and requires specific interventions and strategies that particularly counteract the increased sitting time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bácsné Bába
- Institute of Sports Economics and Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anetta Müller
- Institute of Sports Economics and Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christa Pfau
- Institute of Sports Economics and Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renátó Balogh
- Institute of Sports Economics and Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Bartha
- Institute of Sports Economics and Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Szabados
- Institute of Sports Economics and Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bács
- Institute of Accounting and Finance, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kinga Ráthonyi-Ódor
- Institute of Sports Economics and Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergely Ráthonyi
- Institute of Sports Economics and Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Piperata BA, Scaggs SA, Dufour DL, Adams IK. Measuring food insecurity: An introduction to tools for human biologists and ecologists. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23821. [PMID: 36256611 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food insecurity is a significant and growing concern undermining the wellbeing of 30% of the global population. Food in/security is a complex construct consisting of four dimensions: availability, access, utilization, and stability, making it challenging to measure. We provide a toolkit human biologists/ecologists can use to advance research on this topic. METHODS We review the strengths and limitations of common tools used to measure food access and utilization, the two dimensions most proximate to people's lived experience, and emphasize tools that provide data needed to best link food security with human biological outcomes. We also discuss methods that provide contextual data human biologists/ecologists will find useful for study design, ensuring instrument validity, and improving data quality. RESULTS Food access is principally measured using experience-based instruments that emphasize economic access. Social access, such as food sharing, is under-studied and we recommend using social network analysis to explore this dimension. In terms of utilization, emphasis has been on food choice measured as dietary diversity. Food preparation and intrahousehold distribution, also part of the utilization dimension, are less studied and standardized instruments for measuring both are lacking. The embodiment of food insecurity has focused on child growth, although a growing literature addresses adult mental wellbeing and chronic and infectious disease risk. CONCLUSIONS We see the potential to expand outcomes to include reproductive and immune function, physical activity, and the gut microbiome. Human biologists/ecologists are well-positioned to advance understanding of the human health impacts of food insecurity and provide data to support intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Piperata
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Shane A Scaggs
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Ingrid K Adams
- Department of Extension and School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Colomer FA, Cugat MÀC, Bort-Roig J, Chirveches-Pérez E, Zaldúa YC, Martín-Cantera C, Franch-Nadal J, Puig-Ribera A. Differences in Free-Living Patterns of Sedentary Behaviour between Office Employees with Diabetes and Office Employees without Diabetes: A Principal Component Analysis for Clinical Practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12245. [PMID: 36231564 PMCID: PMC9566776 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To identify principal components of free-living patterns of sedentary behaviour in office employees with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to normal glucose metabolism (NGM) office employees, using principal component analysis (PCA). METHODS 213 office employees (n = 81 with T2D; n = 132 with NGM) wore an activPAL inclinometer 24 h a day for 7 consecutive days. Comparions of sedentary behaviour patterns between adults with T2D and NGM determined the dimensions that best characterise the sedentary behaviour patterns of office employees with T2D at work, outside work and at weekends. RESULTS The multivariate PCA technique identified two components that explained 60% of the variability present in the data of sedentary behaviour patterns in the population with diabetes. This was characterised by a fewer number of daily breaks and breaks in time intervals of less than 20 min both at work, outside work and at weekends. On average, adults with T2D took fewer 31 breaks/day than adults without diabetes. CONCLUSION Effective interventions from clinical practice to tackle prolonged sedentary behaviour in office employees with T2D should focus on increasing the number of daily sedentary breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Alòs Colomer
- Primary Healthcare Centre Passeig de Sant Joan, Catalan Health Institute, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Member of the redGDPS Foundation, 08204 Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Judit Bort-Roig
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group, Centre for Health and Social Care Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Emilia Chirveches-Pérez
- Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences, Centre for Health and Social Care Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Yoseba Cánovas Zaldúa
- Primary Healthcare Centre Passeig de Sant Joan, Catalan Health Institute, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Head of Training, Catalan Health Institute, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Martín-Cantera
- Barcelona Research Support Unit, Foundation Primary Care Research Institute IDIAP Jordi Gol, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- Member of the redGDPS Foundation, 08204 Sabadell, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Puig-Ribera
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group, Centre for Health and Social Care Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
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11
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Kellner M, Faas F. Get up, stand up: a randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a messenger-based intervention to reduce sedentary behavior in university students. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 31:1-9. [PMID: 35990774 PMCID: PMC9380663 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim Sedentary behavior is a severe and independent risk factor for health. According to current research, sitting time is at a dangerously high level. Especially young adults show a high prevalence compared to others. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a 6-week messenger-based intervention to reduce sedentary behavior in university students. Subject and methods The 345 university students that enrolled were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 173) and control group (n = 172). Randomization and allocation to the trial group were computer assisted. The trial was conducted remotely, without any personal contact. A drop out of 276 participants led to a primary analysis of 71 (IG n = 41; CG n = 31) participants. Sedentary behavior was assessed online using the Heidelberg Questionnaire for the Assessment of Sitting Behavior, at 5 time points: baseline (T0), 2 weeks (Z1), 4 weeks (Z2) 6 weeks (end of the intervention, T1), and follow-up 4 weeks after intervention (T2). Results Mixed ANOVA was carried out for T0 and T1 to reveal interaction effects between time and group. Mean differences show a highly practically and statistically relevant reduction in sitting time in the intervention group of 60 min between baseline and T1. No sustained effect of the intervention could be detected by analyzing sitting times at follow-up, 4 weeks after the end of the intervention. Conclusions Reduction in sedentary behavior in the intervention group after 6 weeks shows that the intervention is practically and statistically relevant. Limitations concerning the assessment method (questionnaire) as well as the sample size should be considered. The trial serves as a pilot study. However, the positive outcome of sitting time reduction paves the way for further research in this field. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-022-01747-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kellner
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Faas
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Bagheri P, Salimi Y, Abdoli G, Najafi F. Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire Among Office Employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2022:1-6. [PMID: 35946579 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the sedentary behavior questionnaire (SBQ) among university office employees in Kermanshah province in the west of Iran.Method: A validation study was performed among 701 university office employees in Kermanshah province. The content validation process was conducted using interviews with content and lay experts. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated as test-retest reliability. In addition, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess the validity of the questionnaire structure.Results: The scale content validity indices using two general agreement approaches and the mean approach were 88.88 and 97.77%, respectively. The ICC was estimated at 1.00 [95% CI:0.99, 1.00]. The exploratory factor analyses suggested nine-factor solutions, and in the independent sample, the confirmatory factor analysis fit indices showed that the model had an acceptable fit to the data.Conclusion: The Persian version of the SBQ had acceptable reliability and validity for assessing SBs among office employees. This questionnaire is a simple and self-report tool for measuring SB in daily life and would be useful in the design and evaluation of preventive programs among administrative staff and high-risk population surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnia Bagheri
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Salimi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Abdoli
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research center for environmental determinants of health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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13
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Martinko A, Karuc J, Jurić P, Podnar H, Sorić M. Accuracy and Precision of Consumer-Grade Wearable Activity Monitors for Assessing Time Spent in Sedentary Behavior in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022; 10:e37547. [PMID: 35943763 PMCID: PMC9399884 DOI: 10.2196/37547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of wearable activity monitor models are released and used each year by consumers and researchers. As more studies are being carried out on children and adolescents in terms of sedentary behavior (SB) assessment, knowledge about accurate and precise monitoring devices becomes increasingly important. Objective The main aim of this systematic review was to investigate and communicate findings on the accuracy and precision of consumer-grade physical activity monitors in assessing the time spent in SB in children and adolescents. Methods Searches of PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, SPORTDiscus (full text), ProQuest, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, DART Europe E-theses Portal, and Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations electronic databases were performed. All relevant studies that compared different types of consumer-grade monitors using a comparison method in the assessment of SB, published in European languages from 2015 onward were considered for inclusion. The risk of bias was estimated using Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments. For enabling comparisons of accuracy measures within the studied outcome domain, measurement accuracy interpretation was based on group mean or percentage error values and 90% CI. Acceptable limits were predefined as –10% to +10% error in controlled and free-living settings. For determining the number of studies with group error percentages that fall within or outside one of the sides from previously defined acceptable limits, two 1-sided tests of equivalence were carried out, and the direction of measurement error was examined. Results A total of 8 studies complied with the predefined inclusion criteria, and 3 studies provided acceptable data for quantitative analyses. In terms of the presented accuracy comparisons, 14 were subsequently identified, with 6 of these comparisons being acceptable in terms of quantitative analysis. The results of the Cochran Q test indicated that the included studies did not share a common effect size (Q5=82.86; P<.001). I2, which represents the percentage of total variation across studies due to heterogeneity, amounted to 94%. The summary effect size based on the random effects model was not statistically significant (effect size=14.36, SE 12.04, 90% CI −5.45 to 34.17; P=.23). According to the equivalence test results, consumer-grade physical activity monitors did not generate equivalent estimates of SB in relation to the comparison methods. Majority of the studies (3/7, 43%) that reported the mean absolute percentage errors have reported values of <30%. Conclusions This is the first study that has attempted to synthesize available evidence on the accuracy and precision of consumer-grade physical activity monitors in measuring SB in children and adolescents. We found very few studies on the accuracy and almost no evidence on the precision of wearable activity monitors. The presented results highlight the large heterogeneity in this area of research. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42021251922; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=251922
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josip Karuc
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Proprio Centre, Physical Rehabilitation Centre, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Petra Jurić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Podnar
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maroje Sorić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Curran F, Dowd KP, Peiris CL, van der Ploeg HP, Tremblay MS, O’Donoghue G. A Standardised Core Outcome Set for Measurement and Reporting Sedentary Behaviour Interventional Research: The CROSBI Consensus Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9666. [PMID: 35955024 PMCID: PMC9367894 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity of descriptors and outcomes measured and reported in sedentary behaviour (SB) research hinder the meta-analysis of data and accumulation of evidence. The objective of the Core Research Outcomes for Sedentary Behaviour Interventions (CROSBI) consensus study was to identify and validate, a core outcome set (COS) to report (what, how, when to measure) in interventional sedentary behaviour studies. Outcomes, extracted from a systematic literature review, were categorized into domains and data items (COS v0.0). International experts (n = 5) provided feedback and identified additional items, which were incorporated into COS v0.1. A two round online Delphi survey was conducted to seek consensus from a wider stakeholder group and outcomes that achieved consensus in the second round COS (v0.2), were ratified by the expert panel. The final COS (v1.0) contains 53 data items across 12 domains, relating to demographics, device details, wear-time criteria, wear-time measures, posture-related measures, sedentary breaks, sedentary bouts and physical activity. Notably, results indicate that sedentary behaviour outcomes should be measured by devices that include an inclinometry or postural function. The proposed standardised COS is available openly to enhance the accumulation of pooled evidence in future sedentary behaviour intervention research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Curran
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran P. Dowd
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Casey L. Peiris
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Hidde P. van der Ploeg
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Grainne O’Donoghue
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Supper W, Guay F, Talbot D. The Relation Between Television Viewing Time and Reading Achievement in Elementary School Children: A Test of Substitution and Inhibition Hypotheses. Front Psychol 2021; 12:580763. [PMID: 34733194 PMCID: PMC8558249 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.580763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has focused on the relations between television (TV) viewing time and children’s reading achievement. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain this relation. The substitution hypothesis proposes that TV viewing distracts students from activities that are important for their learning. The inhibition hypothesis proposes that watching television inhibits important affective/cognitive skills. In this study, we test both hypotheses by estimating the relation between TV viewing time and reading achievement. We use the frequency of students’ leisure reading and the frequency of interactions between students and their parents as potential mediators to test the substitution hypothesis, whereas for the inhibition one, we use students’ intrinsic motivation to read and their level of inattention. Data come from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD). Designed by the Institut de la statistique du Québec, QLSCD covers a wide range of themes. The QLSCD is representative of children in Québec and contains 2223 participants who were followed from 0 to 21 years old. The four structural models tested are built as follows: the TV viewing time at 6 years old predicts the four mediating variables at 8 years old, which in turn predicts reading achievement at 10 years old. In addition, we have tested models’ gender invariance. Results indicate that TV viewing time is not directly or indirectly associated with reading achievement. Specifically, it is not associated with the mediating variables of child-parent interactions, intrinsic motivation, and inattention. However, the frequency of leisure reading is negatively associated with the time spent watching TV. This association is very small (−0.07) and has no indirect effect on reading achievement. Finally, results do not vary according to the gender of the participants. Our results are in line with those of previous studies in the field and cast some doubts on the potential negative effects of TV viewing time on reading achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Supper
- Département des fondements et pratiques en éducation, Faculté des sciences de l'éducation, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guay
- Département des fondements et pratiques en éducation, Faculté des sciences de l'éducation, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Talbot
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Wagnild JM, Akowuah E, Maier RH, Hancock HC, Kasim A. Impact of prehabilitation on objectively measured physical activity levels in elective surgery patients: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049202. [PMID: 34493516 PMCID: PMC8424868 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the impact of prehabilitation on objectively measured physical activity (PA) levels in elective surgery patients. DATA SOURCES Articles published in Web of Science Core Collections, PubMed, Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), PsycInfo (EBSCOHost) and CENTRAL through August 2020. STUDY SELECTION Studies that met the following criteria: (1) written in English, (2) quantitatively described the effect(s) of a PA intervention among elective surgery patients prior to surgery and (3) used and reported objective measures of PA in the study. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Participant characteristics, intervention details, PA measurement, and clinical and health-related outcomes were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed following the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity, therefore narrative synthesis was used. RESULTS 6533 unique articles were identified in the search; 21 articles (based on 15 trials) were included in the review. There was little evidence to suggest that prehabilitation is associated with increases in objectively measured PA, but this may be due to insufficient statistical power as most (n=8) trials included in the review were small feasibility/pilot studies. Where studies tested associations between objectively measured PA during the intervention period and health-related outcomes, significant beneficial associations were reported. Limitations in the evidence base precluded any assessment via meta-regression of the association between objectively measured PA and clinical or health-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Additional large-scale studies are needed, with clear and consistent reporting of objective measures including accelerometry variables and outcome variables, to improve our understanding of the impact of changes in PA prior to surgery on surgical and health-related outcomes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019151475.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enoch Akowuah
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Rebecca H Maier
- Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen C Hancock
- Newcastle Clinical Trials Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Wagnild JM, Pollard TM. How is television time linked to cardiometabolic health in adults? A critical systematic review of the evidence for an effect of watching television on eating, movement, affect and sleep. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040739. [PMID: 33952532 PMCID: PMC8103379 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve our understanding of how television (TV) time is linked to cardiometabolic health among adults by systematically and critically evaluating the evidence that watching TV is associated with increased food consumption, lack of movement or negative affect or affects subsequent sleep. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Web of Science and PubMed. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies that provided quantitative evidence on short-term associations of watching TV with dietary intake, characteristics of sitting, affect and sleep among samples of healthy adults (≥18 years old). DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tools; studies deemed to be of low quality were excluded from the review. Due to heterogeneity of study designs and measurements, the findings were synthesised using narrative summary accompanied by custom plots. RESULTS We identified 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Most of the associations reported by the studies included in this review were weak or inconsistent. There was no strong evidence to suggest that food consumption is higher while watching TV than in other contexts or that TV is a particularly 'sedentary' behaviour. Affect was less likely to be positive while watching TV than in other contexts but was not more likely to be negative. Two small studies suggest that TV may impact sleep via suppressing melatonin and delaying bedtime. CONCLUSION There is currently no strong evidence to suggest that TV might impact cardiometabolic health via increasing food consumption, being linked with prolonged/inactive sitting, affect or subsequent sleep. Additional research is required to understand how TV fits within everyday lives and relates to eating, sitting, affect and sleep to improve our understanding of how it might impact cardiometabolic health.
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