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Palermo G, D'Angelo S, Ntani G, Bevilacqua G, Walker-Bone K. Work and Retirement Among Women: The Health and Employment After Fifty Study. Occup Med (Lond) 2024; 74:313-322. [PMID: 38781569 PMCID: PMC11165366 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women increasingly work beyond age 50+ but their occupational health is under-researched. AIMS To investigate what jobs older contemporary women do, when they exit their jobs and what factors predict job exit. METHODS Data came from the Health and Employment After Fifty cohort, which recruited women aged 50-64 at baseline in 2013-14 and has followed them up annually collecting: demographic, lifestyle and work information. Exits from employment were mapped longitudinally over five follow-ups. Time-to-first event Cox regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for job exit. RESULTS At baseline, 4436 women participated, 64% of whom were working. The proportions of women working at 50-54, 55-60 and over 60 years were 86%, 79% and 38%, respectively. Amongst all women, after adjustment for age, managing comfortably financially and not coping with the mental demands of the job were associated with exit. Risk factors for job exit differed in the age bands: 50-54; 55-59 and >60 years, reflecting socio-economic status, markers of health (musculoskeletal pain and poor self-rated health) and work factors (under-appreciation, job dissatisfaction, temporary/permanent contracts, coping with work's physical demands). CONCLUSIONS Factors contributing to exit from work among older women differ by age group, after controlling for perceived financial position, age and mental demands of the job. A number of work characteristics predict job exit and suggest that employers can play an important role in supporting women to continue working until older ages. Identification and treatment of musculoskeletal pain could also enable work amongst older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Palermo
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S D'Angelo
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G Ntani
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G Bevilacqua
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K Walker-Bone
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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McClure ES, Martin AT, Ranapurwala SI, Nocera M, Cantrell J, Marshall S, Richardson DB. Forty years of struggle in North Carolina: Workplace segregation and fatal occupational injury rates. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:539-550. [PMID: 38606790 PMCID: PMC11081859 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess workplace segregation in fatal occupational injury from 1992 to 2017 in North Carolina. METHODS We calculated occupational fatal injury rates within categories of occupation, industry, race, age, and sex; and estimated expected numbers of fatalities among Black and Hispanic male workers had they experienced the rates of White male workers. We also estimated the contribution of workforce segregation to disparities by estimating the expected number of fatalities among Black and Hispanic male workers had they experienced the industry and occupation patterns of White male workers. We assessed person-years of life-lost, using North Carolina life expectancy estimates. RESULTS Hispanic workers contributed 32% of their worker-years and experienced 58% of their fatalities in construction. Black workers were most overrepresented in the food manufacturing industry. Hispanic males experienced 2.11 (95% CI: 1.86-2.40) times the mortality rate of White males. The Black-White and Hispanic-White disparities were widest among workers aged 45 and older, and segregation into more dangerous industries and occupations played a substantial role in driving disparities. Hispanic workers who suffered occupational fatalities lost a median 47 life-years, compared to 37 among Black workers and 36 among White workers. CONCLUSIONS If Hispanic and Black workers experienced the workplace safety of their White counterparts, fatal injury rates would be substantially reduced. Workforce segregation reflects structural racism, which also contributes to mortality disparities. Root causes must be addressed to eliminate disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. McClure
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
| | - Amelia T. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
| | - Shabbar I. Ranapurwala
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
| | - Maryalice Nocera
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
| | - John Cantrell
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
| | - Stephen Marshall
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 27599
| | - David B. Richardson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA 92697
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Tesfaye AH, Kabito GG, Aragaw FM, Mekonnen TH. Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among shopkeepers in Ethiopia: Evidence from a workplace cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300934. [PMID: 38512873 PMCID: PMC10956884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are the leading cause of disability worldwide. Shopkeepers are prone to developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders, but they are largely overlooked in research and policy actions, particularly in developing countries. So far, there is a lack of data on the magnitude and factors influencing work-related musculoskeletal disorders among shopkeepers in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among shopkeepers in Gondar City, Ethiopia. METHODS A workplace-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2022, in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 625 shopkeepers. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Analysis was made using Stata version 14. Factors associated with the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders were identified using the multivariable Poisson regression model. The adjusted prevalence ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p-value < 0.05 were applied to establish the significance of associations. RESULTS The overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among shopkeepers in the past 12 months was found to be 81.1% (N = 507). The most frequently affected body part was the lower back (46.6%), followed by the upper back (43.8%) and shoulder (35.4%). Being female (p = 0.043), being in the age group of ≥40 years (p = 0.028), being overweight (p = 0.035), experiencing job stress (p = 0.006) and prolonged sitting (p = 0.045) were significant factors for the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among shopkeepers. CONCLUSION This study revealed that shopkeepers face an alarmingly high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Female, older, overweight, stressed and shopkeepers who sit in the same position for long periods of time were identified as particularly vulnerable groups. These findings call for the urgent development and implementation of preventive measures, including ergonomic adjustments, education and training programs, stress management techniques and the promotion of physical activity, to protect this vulnerable workforce from the debilitating effects of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and to ensure their long-term health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebisa Guyasa Kabito
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fantu Mamo Aragaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Kraut A, Rydz E, Walld R, Demers PA, Peters CE. Carpal tunnel syndrome among Manitoba workers: Results from the Manitoba Occupational Disease Surveillance System. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:243-260. [PMID: 38265110 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is associated with occupational high-force repetitive tasks and vibration. This project examines the relationship between CTS and work to: (1) identify jobs and industries with increased CTS risk; (2) explore whether there is a sex difference in the risk of CTS after controlling for occupation; and (3) determine whether any observed relationships persist after excluding Workers Compensation Board (WCB) accepted time-loss CTS claims. METHODS We linked 95.5% of time-loss WCB claims from 2006 to 2019 to provincial administrative health data. The cohort included 143,001 unique person-occupation combinations. CTS cases were defined as at least two medical claims for (ICD-9 354) within a 12-month period or a surgical claim for CTS from 2 years before the WCB claim to 3 years after. WCB accepted CTS time-loss claims not identified by the medical claims were also included. RESULTS A total of 4302 individuals (3.0%) met the CTS definition. Analysis revealed that the hazard ratios (HRs) of CTS vary considerably with occupation. Sex-based differences in CTS risks were observed, both in low- and high-risk occupations. In many occupations with increased HR, the HR remained elevated after excluding accepted time-loss WCB cases. CONCLUSIONS The risk of developing CTS varied with occupation. Job titles with ergonomic risk factors had higher risks than those with lower exposures. This finding remained after eliminating time-loss compensated WCB cases, suggesting that all cases of CTS in high risk jobs are not identified in WCB statistics. Female workers in some job titles had excess CTS cases compared to male workers within the same job title.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Kraut
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Rydz
- CAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Randy Walld
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Paul A Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl E Peters
- CAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Souza DBDO, Barros MBDA, Lima MG. Sex differences in the impact of musculoskeletal disorders on health-related quality of life: a population-based study, Campinas, SP - ISACamp 2014/15. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2024; 29:e18802022. [PMID: 38451658 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232024293.18802022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This article aims to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MD) on the adult population of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, verifying associated demographic and socioeconomic factors, and to analyze their impact on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) according to sex. A population-based study was conducted with 2,166 individuals using data from the ISACamp 2014/15. The Medical Outcomes Study SF-36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to measure HRQoL according to MD. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson regression. Musculoskeletal disorders had a prevalence of 8.5% (6.7% tendonitis and 2.7% work-related musculoskeletal disorders - WMSD). Results showed a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in women, active or on leave due to illness, and in individuals with higher education levels. Moreover, reduced HRQoL scores were observed in 6 of the 8 domains, due to MD. The mental component and physical component showed greater impairment respectively among women and men after self-reported WMSD. These findings point to substantial damage from musculoskeletal disorders on the population's HRQoL. WMSD affect the HRQoL of men and women distinctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatila Barbieri de Oliveira Souza
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz. 13083-887 Campinas SP Brasil.
| | - Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz. 13083-887 Campinas SP Brasil.
| | - Margareth Guimarães Lima
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz. 13083-887 Campinas SP Brasil.
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Mason-Mackay AR. Gender, Sex and Desk-Based Postural Behaviour: A systematic review re-interpreting biomechanical evidence from a social perspective. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 114:104073. [PMID: 37945179 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomechanical and pain prevalence differences between sex/gender groups are frequently attributed to biological differences between sexes without considering the influence of socially-constructed gender. This may lead to interventions which are insufficient and culturally unresponsive. This review reinterprets the evidence regarding differences in desk-based postural behaviour between sex/gender groups from a gender-based perspective. METHODS Four prominent databases were searched using terms such as 'desk based', 'posture', and 'position'. Articles were included if they objectively investigated desk-based positional variability, postural variability and/or habitual alignment in healthy adults. RESULTS Nine studies were included. Differences were found in postural variability and habitual alignment between sex/gender groups and were not explored from a gender-based perspective. CONCLUSION Gender-based expectations regarding 'acceptable' posture and movement likely contribute to biomechanical and pain differences between genders. This should be considered by clinicians intending to affect patients' movement and postural patterns and by researchers working in this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ruth Mason-Mackay
- Physiotherapy, Centre for Health and Social Practice, Wintec Te Pūkenga, Kirikiriroa, Aotearoa, New Zealand
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Li Y, Kawasaki H, Cui Z, Yamasaki S, Nakaoka S, Shiraishi M. Coping With Women's Menstruation-Related Health Issues in Male-Dominated Companies: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japan. Cureus 2023; 15:e49569. [PMID: 38156186 PMCID: PMC10754090 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Japanese women face many female-specific health problems in the workplace, especially menstruation-related issues, which can adversely affect their quality of life and productivity. This study aims to examine how female employees in a male-dominated company in Hiroshima, Japan, cope with menstruation-related health issues in the workplace and the factors that influence their coping strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used a cross-sectional survey research method. The survey investigated age, health, and menstrual-related issues, as well as women's active participation support and health literacy (HL) levels. The sample population included employees of a manufacturer in Hiroshima prefecture. The data were collected from February 20 to March 10, 2023. The analysis subjects were 171 women who had experienced menstruation-related, women-specific health issues in the workplace. Their attitudes toward menstruation-related issues could influence their experiences. They were categorized into positive and negative groups based on their attitudes toward coping with women's health issues. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were used to compare the two groups. RESULTS The study found that 50.3% (N = 296) of female employees had experienced women's menstruation-related health issues at work. As many as 62.6% (N = 171) of female employees showed a positive attitude, and the study also found that female employees with a positive attitude toward menstruation-related health issues had higher HL (odds ratio (OR) = 1.216, 95% CI: 1.007-0.1.468) and were more likely to be able to predict menstruations (OR = 4.528, 95% CI: 1.618-12.670). Conclusions: In male-dominated companies, many female employees are affected by menstruation-related problems in the workplace. A positive attitude toward women's health issues was positively associated with HL and predictive ability. Male-dominated companies should pay attention to women's menstruation-related health issues in the workplace, implement interventions to improve their health literacy and predictive ability, strengthen communication with them, and encourage them to actively participate in women's health initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| | - Hiromi Kawasaki
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| | - Zhengai Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, CHN
| | - Satoko Yamasaki
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| | - Sae Nakaoka
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| | - Misaki Shiraishi
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
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Alacahan ÖF, Güllüoğlu AN, Karagöz N. Occupational safety perceptions of prehospital emergency health services employees: A sample of Sivas central district. Work 2023; 76:1441-1453. [PMID: 37393470 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prehospital emergency health services ambulance workers are in the risky class in terms of occupational health and safety, and they are faced with more risks due to the fact that they are the first responders to the events, especially regarding COVID-19. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to determine the occupational risk perceptions of health care workers and their relations with demographic variables. METHODS A literature review was performed to develop a questionnaire. This questionnaire was used in a survey with 250 respondents. The collected data was analysed through factor analysis. Cronbach's Alpha was calculated to verify the reliability of the data. RESULTS The risk perceptions of the employees (Factor 1 and Factor 3) differ significantly according to gender. Another important point is that 60.3% of the participants stated that they "agree" with the statement that health workers "experience violence" during work. CONCLUSION The risk perception of women was found to be higher, and the reason for this is that women are less physically strong than men along with social gender roles and gender discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arif Nihat Güllüoğlu
- Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Naim Karagöz
- Public Health Department, School of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Lederer V, Messing K, Sultan-Taïeb H. How Can Quantitative Analysis Be Used to Improve Occupational Health without Reinforcing Social Inequalities? An Examination of Statistical Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:19. [PMID: 36612341 PMCID: PMC9819275 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Taking account of sex and gender in occupational health studies poses statistical challenges. Other sociodemographic variables, such as racialization, class, and age, also affect the relations between workplace exposures and health and interact with sex and gender. Our objective was to perform a critical review of conventional and emerging statistical tools, examining whether each analysis takes account of sociodemographic variables (1) in a way that contributes to identification of critical occupational determinants of health (2) while taking account of relevant population characteristics to reflect intersectional approaches to health and (3) using sample sizes and population characteristics available to researchers. A two-step search was conducted: (1) a scientific watch concerning the statistical tools most commonly used in occupational health over the past 20 years; (2) a screening of the 1980-2022 literature with a focus on emerging tools. Our examination shows that regressions with adjustment for confounders and stratification fail to reveal the sociodemographic mechanisms that interact with occupational health problems, endangering the identification of occupational risks. Multilevel (notably MAIHDA) analyses, decision tree, cluster, and latent analyses are useful methods to consider when seeking to orientate prevention. Researchers should consider methods that adequately reveal the mechanisms connecting sociodemographic variables and occupational health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Lederer
- Department of Industrial Relations, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC J8X 3X7, Canada
| | - Karen Messing
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Hélène Sultan-Taïeb
- Department of Organization and Human Resources, School of Management (ESG-UQAM), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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Lefrançois M, Trottier M. Work-family balance in the construction industry: why gender analysis matters to develop sustainable interventions. ERGONOMICS 2022; 65:1525-1536. [PMID: 34994679 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.2021281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Work-family balance (WFB) in the construction sector has rarely been studied. Hardship, atypical schedules and seasonal work create challenging conditions for parents in this male-dominated industry. Semi-structured interviews with workers (14 men, 6 women) and a survey of 789 on-site workers (85% men, 15% women) were conducted as part of a wider participatory action-research project involving governmental actors. Triangulation of the interview and survey data clarified the influence of quantitative and qualitative workload and of managerial support on work-family conflict. Results also show that male and female workers have differentiated experiences of WF issues and, consequently, develop different WF strategies while pursuing increased flexibility. The stereotyped conception of WF encourages social norms that have various impacts on mothers and fathers working in the industry. Recommendations for a cultural shift are proposed for employers in this industry, marked by a labour shortage and low retention of female workers.Practitioner summary: This paper provides a gendered analysis of work-family issues among on-site workers in the construction industry. It aims to inform ergonomists and occupational health researchers about the potential of inflexible work designs to convey stereotypes that can impact the sustainability and equity of workplace interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Lefrançois
- School of Management, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- CINBIOSE, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mélanie Trottier
- School of Management, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Laberge M, Chadoin M, Inigo M, Messing K, Lefrançois M, Sultan-Taïeb H, Chatigny C, Riel J, Webb J, Fillion M, Vaillancourt C, Bellemare M. Integration of sex and gender in interventions by students in ergonomics. ERGONOMICS 2022; 65:1578-1591. [PMID: 35232328 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2048898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to analyse the integration of sex and gender (s/g) by ergonomics students during their internship at the master's degree level, following training sessions on s/g issues in the workplace. This exploratory research used a descriptive mixed-methods design, encompassing evaluation of students' intention to use the content from the training (n = 13 students), and a multiple case study (n = 5 ergonomics interventions). The results show that while students found the training relevant, they only minimally integrated s/g in their interventions and when they did, it was primarily from an anthropometric and physiological perspective. In addition to discussing the training format limitations, the article discusses barriers to this integration: combining learning about s/g issues with learning about activity analysis is challenging; employers' and workers' organisations may be reluctant to approach s/g issues; and it is difficult for an ergonomist to integrate these issues when the employer's request does not specify it.Practitioner summary: This article aims to analyse the integration of s/g by ergonomics students during their internships. Findings show that they only minimally considered s/g. The discussion examines s/g training, organisational obstacles to inclusion of s/g during interventions, and how ergonomists can consider s/g in their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Laberge
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal (UdeM), Montreal, Canada
- Research Centre - Technopole en réadaptation pédiatrique, UHC Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- CINBIOSE Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Martin Chadoin
- CINBIOSE Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Organization and Human Resources, School of Management Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marion Inigo
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal (UdeM), Montreal, Canada
- CINBIOSE Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Karen Messing
- CINBIOSE Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lefrançois
- Department of Organization and Human Resources, School of Management Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hélène Sultan-Taïeb
- Department of Organization and Human Resources, School of Management Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Céline Chatigny
- CINBIOSE Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Educational Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jessica Riel
- CINBIOSE Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Industrial Relations, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jena Webb
- CINBIOSE Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Myriam Fillion
- CINBIOSE Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Science and Technology, TéLUQ University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- CINBIOSE Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- INRS-Armand Frappier, Laval, Canada
| | - Marie Bellemare
- Department of Industrial Relations, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Montreal, Canada
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Dupont A, Laberge M, Letscher S, Boucher N, Messaouli R, Jutras S. Influence of gender on people with disabilities' work relationships: prospects for ergonomics interventions. ERGONOMICS 2022; 65:1554-1566. [PMID: 35188087 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2045363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Norms and values embedded in what is referred to as 'institutionalised gender,' defined by the distribution of power between genders in the political, educational, religious, medical, cultural or social institutions of a society, exist even today. The above mentioned influential institutions shape societal norms that define, reproduce and justify differing expectations and opportunities for women, men, girls and boys. Using qualitative methods, 41 semi-structured interviews among employed people with deafness/hard of hearing (DHH), blindness/low vision, motor disabilities, or chronic pain from three administrative regions of Québec (Montréal, Outaouais, and Montérégie) were analysed. The results show that while gender is omnipresent in participants' remarks, it is not necessarily associated with exclusion from employment, but most certainly with perpetuating some forms of inequity in work situations. Solutions to raise awareness among ergonomists working with people with disabilities are suggested.Practitioner summary: Based on 41 semi-structured interviews among employed people with disabilities, a relationship between the gender of the participants and factors facilitating or inhibiting their integration into employment were established. Solutions to raise awareness among ergonomists working with a doubly marginalised population-women with disabilities-are suggested.Abbreviations: DEPPI: disability, employment, and public policies initiative; DHH: deaf or hard of hearing; LSQ: québec sign language; M: men; P: participant; s/g: sex and gender; W: women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dupont
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Marie-Enfant Rehabilitation Centre, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie Laberge
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Marie-Enfant Rehabilitation Centre, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Normand Boucher
- Researcher, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, CIUSSSCN-IRDPQ, School of Social Work and Criminology, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Rania Messaouli
- Bachelor's Degree in Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sarah Jutras
- Bachelor's Degree in Occupational Therapy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Unverzagt S, Bolm-Audorff U, Frese T, Hechtl J, Liebers F, Moser K, Seidler A, Weyer J, Bergmann A. Influence of physically demanding occupations on the development of osteoarthritis of the hip: a systematic review. J Occup Med Toxicol 2022; 17:18. [PMID: 36002875 PMCID: PMC9400208 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-022-00358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) is a disabling disease affecting around 33 million people worldwide. People of working age and the elderly are at increased risk of developing HOA and the disease is associated with high costs at individual and societal levels due to sick leaves, job loss, total hip replacements and disability pension. This systematic review evaluated the influence of physically demanding occupations on the development of HOA in men. Methods Cohort studies, case–control studies and cross-sectional studies with publications in English or German, which assessed the association between exposure to physically demanding occupations and development of HOA, were searched in electronic databases (Medline, Embase, HSE-Line, Cochrane Library) and conference abstracts from 1990 until May 2020. We assessed the methodological quality of selected studies, interpreted all relative effect estimators as relative risks (RRs) and meta-analytically reviewed the effects of occupations with high physical workloads. All steps are based on a study protocol published in PROSPERO (CRD42015016894). Results Seven cohort studies and six case–control studies were included. An elevated risk to develop HOA was shown for six physically demanding occupational groups. Working in agriculture including fishery and forestry and food production doubles the risk of HOA. Construction, metal working and sales as well as exposure to whole body vibration while driving vehicles increases the risk by roughly 50 to 60%. Unskilled or basic level workers, who were frequently exposed to repetitive heavy manual work, had nearly a doubled risk (RR 1.89 95%CI: 1.29 to 2.77) compared to workers with lower exposure. Conclusions Existing studies state an association between various occupations with high physical workload and an increased risk of developing HOA. High Physical workloads include including lifting and carrying heavy loads, demanding postures, repetitive activities, long standing and running, as well as exposure to body vibrations. Occupational prevention and early detection as well as individual health promotion strategies should place their focus on reducing the impact of high physical strain at work sites. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12995-022-00358-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Unverzagt
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ulrich Bolm-Audorff
- Department for Occupational Safety and the Environment, Regional Authority Darmstadt, Wilhelminenstraße 1 - 3, 64283, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Frese
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Hechtl
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 20, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Falk Liebers
- Division 3 Work and Health, Unit 3.1 Prevention of Work-related Diseases, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Konstantin Moser
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Seidler
- Institute and Polyclinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Löscherstraße 18, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Weyer
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 20, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Annekatrin Bergmann
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 20, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Nicolakakis N, Lafantaisie M, Letellier MC, Biron C, Vézina M, Jauvin N, Vivion M, Pelletier M. Are Organizational Interventions Effective in Protecting Healthcare Worker Mental Health during Epidemics/Pandemics? A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159653. [PMID: 35955009 PMCID: PMC9368524 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear how to effectively protect healthcare workers' mental health during infectious disease epidemics. Targeting the occupational determinants of stress may hold more promise than individual stress management, which has received more focus. Through a systematic review of the 2000-2021 English- and French-language scientific literature, we evaluated the effectiveness of organizational and psychosocial work environment interventions to protect healthcare workers' mental health in an epidemic/pandemic context. Evidence from medium- and high-quality studies was synthesized using GRADE. Among 1604 unique search results, 41 studies were deemed relevant, yielding 34 low-quality and seven medium-quality studies. The latter reported on promising multi-component prevention programs that combined staffing adjustments, work shift arrangements, enhanced infection prevention and control, recognition of workers' efforts, psychological and/or logistic support during lockdowns (e.g., accommodation). Our confidence in the effectiveness of reviewed interventions is low to very low, however, owing to methodological limitations. We highlight gaps in the reporting of intervention process and context elements and discuss theory and implementation failure as possible explanations for results. We conclude by urging authors of future studies to include and document detailed risk assessments of the work environment, involve workers in solution design and implementation and consider how this process can be adapted during an emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektaria Nicolakakis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Toxicology, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Maude Lafantaisie
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Toxicology, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Letellier
- Department of Public Health Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Integrated Health and Social Services Centre of Gaspésie, Gaspe, QC G4X 1A9, Canada
| | - Caroline Biron
- Department of Management, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michel Vézina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Toxicology, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nathalie Jauvin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Toxicology, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada
| | - Maryline Vivion
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Scientific Valorisation and Quality, INSPQ, Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada
| | - Mariève Pelletier
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Toxicology, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada
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15
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Sultan-Taïeb H, Villeneuve T, Chastang JF, Niedhammer I. Burden of cardiovascular diseases and depression attributable to psychosocial work exposures in 28 European countries. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:586-592. [PMID: 35726873 PMCID: PMC9341678 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to estimate the annual burden of cardiovascular diseases and depression attributable to five psychosocial work exposures in 28 European Union countries (EU28) in 2015. METHODS Based on available attributable fraction estimates, the study covered five exposures, job strain, effort-reward imbalance, job insecurity, long working hours and workplace bullying; and five outcomes, coronary/ischemic heart diseases (CHD), stroke, atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease and depression. We estimated the burden attributable to each exposure separately and all exposures together. We calculated Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) rate per 100 000 workers in each country for each outcome attributable to each exposure and tested the differences between countries and between genders using the Wald test. RESULTS The overall burden of CHD attributable to the five studied psychosocial work exposures together was estimated at 173 629 DALYs for men and 39 238 for women, 5092 deaths for men and 1098 for women in EU28 in 2015. The overall burden of depression was estimated at 528 549 DALYs for men and 344 151 for women (respectively 7862 and 1823 deaths). The three highest burdens in DALYs in EU28 in 2015 were found for depression attributable to job strain (546 502 DALYs), job insecurity (294 680 DALYs) and workplace bullying (276 337 DALYs). Significant differences between countries were observed for DALY rates per 100 000 workers. CONCLUSIONS Such results are necessary as decision tools for decision-makers (governments, employers and trade unions) when defining public health priorities and work stress preventive strategies in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Sultan-Taïeb
- School of Management, Université du Québec à Montréal (ESG-UQAM), Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | - Tania Villeneuve
- School of Management, Université du Québec à Montréal (ESG-UQAM), Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | - Jean-François Chastang
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Epidemiology in Occupational Health and Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Niedhammer
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Epidemiology in Occupational Health and Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, Angers, France
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16
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Biswas A, Harbin S, Irvin E, Johnston H, Begum M, Tiong M, Apedaile D, Koehoorn M, Smith P. Differences between men and women in their risk of work injury and disability: A systematic review. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:576-588. [PMID: 35578160 PMCID: PMC9321824 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Health responses associated with occupational exposures can vary between men and women. Aims This study reviewed the work injury and disability risks associated with similar types of occupational exposures for men and women within and across occupations. Materials & Methods A systematic review was undertaken of observational studies published between 2009 and 2019. Studies were required to empirically compare men and women for associations between occupational exposures and work injury or disability outcomes. Included studies were appraised for methodological quality and medium to high rated studies were compared for risk differences between men and women. Results Of 14,006 records identified, 440 articles were assessed for methodological quality, and 33 medium to high rated studies were included and reviewed. Among all occupations, the association between physical exposures, job demands, noise, and repetitive tasks, and injury risk were stronger among men. The relationship between repetitive tasks and sickness absence was stronger among women. Most studies examining psychological exposures found no risk differences for men and women across occupations. Men were at higher injury risk in certain occupations in primary and secondary industry sectors involving physical exposures and some chemical/biological exposures. Women were at higher injury risk for the physical demands and repetitive tasks of health care and aluminum production occupations. Conclusion This review found that men and women can have different work injury and disability risks, both across and within the same occupations, for some physical exposures and to a lesser extent for some chemical and biological exposures. These differences might be a result of occupation‐specific task differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviroop Biswas
- Institute for Work & Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Emma Irvin
- Institute for Work & Health Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Heather Johnston
- Institute for Work & Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Momtaz Begum
- Institute for Work & Health Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Maggie Tiong
- Institute for Work & Health Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dorothy Apedaile
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mieke Koehoorn
- Institute for Work & Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Peter Smith
- Institute for Work & Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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17
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Yan X, Gao Y, Zhang H, Liang C, Yu H, Wang L, Li S, Li Y, Tong H. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Revision of the Pitt Wellness Scale for People in the University Environment. Front Psychol 2022; 13:899880. [PMID: 35645946 PMCID: PMC9134205 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.899880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of students enrolled in higher education in China accounts for more than one-fifth of the world, and universities, as a community of faculty, staff and scholars, currently do not have a scale that specifically assesses the well-being of the population in the environment of Chinese universities. However, the University of Pittsburgh has developed a comprehensive well-being scale, referred to as the Pitt Wellness Scale, specifically to measure people's well-being in a university environment. Aims Investigate the psychometric properties of the Pitt Wellness Scale in Chinese university environmental samples. Methods The original scale was culturally adapted and modified through expert consultation, a random sample of 1870 current faculty, staff, and students were selected for the questionnaire survey. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to investigate the potential factor structure of the Chinese Revision of the Pitt Wellness Scale and to measure its reliability and validity. Finally, the factors that affect people's well-being in the Chinese university environment were explored. Results The Chinese Revision of the Pitt Wellness Scale retained 30 items, and the EFA supports a five-factor structure, which differed from the results of the original scale, and the CFA results showed that the model fitted well. The discriminant validity of the modified Chinese scale was excellent. The overall Omega coefficient of the scale was 0.958, and the reliability of the retest after 4 weeks was 0.821. Conclusion The Chinese Revision of the Pitt Wellness Scale possesses satisfactory psychometric properties, and it can be considered an instrument for assessing personal well-being in Chinese university environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Yan
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Nursing, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chunguang Liang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Nursing, Panjin Vocational and Technical College, Panjin, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, China
| | - Huijuan Tong
- Department of Nursing, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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18
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Choi B, Yoon J, Kim JH, Yoo J, Sorensen G, Kim SS. Working Alone, Limited Restroom Accessibility, and Poor Menstrual Health Among Cosmetics Saleswomen in South Korea. New Solut 2022; 32:40-47. [PMID: 35243928 DOI: 10.1177/10482911221083666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) at work has been neglected in occupational health research despite its importance for female workers' health. This study investigated the association between hours of working alone and poor menstrual health among 740 cosmetics saleswomen in South Korea. Hours of working alone in a day were classified into 4 categories. MHM was measured by asking "Over the past six months, have you ever experienced that you could not change your sanitary pad when you need to change it at work?" We also measured the experience of dermatopathy due to unchanged sanitary pads. Cosmetics saleswomen who worked alone for 3 h or more in a day reported a higher prevalence of ever being unable to change the sanitary pads (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37-2.46) and dermatopathy due to unchanged sanitary pads (PR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.18-3.59) than those who worked alone less than 1 h in a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyoung Choi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehong Yoon
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghun Yoo
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Glorian Sorensen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Seung-Sup Kim
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, South Korea
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19
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Shubayr N, Alashban Y. Musculoskeletal symptoms among radiation technologists in Saudi Arabia: prevalence and causative factors. Acta Radiol 2022; 63:497-503. [PMID: 33779321 DOI: 10.1177/02841851211004428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation technologists usually perform several physical tasks as part of their work routine that are related to imaging equipment and handling patients. These kinds of physical activities increase their risk of developing musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS). PURPOSE To determine the prevalence and causative factors of MSS among radiation technologists in Saudi Arabia. MATERIAL AND METHODS A previously validated and published questionnaire was sent electronically to 800 radiation technologists in Saudi Arabia. It focused on the presence and prior diagnosis of MSS. Questions to determine risk factors were included. RESULTS A total of 381 responses were obtained. MSS were indicated by 326 responders (85.6%). Furthermore, it was reported that 309 responders (81.1%) spent more than 2 h per day in awkward postures. Of the responders, 164 (43%) stated that they worked 4 h per day on a personal computer or PACS. The most frequently selected reasons for MSS included patient transfer (50.6%), chairs (38.5%), lead aprons (25.6%), moving heavy equipment (23.1%), and fixed table height (19.4%). An association between work-related MSS and gender was observed (χ2(1) = 5.338; P = 0.021). Similarly, an association between work-related MSS and age was also observed (χ2(3) = 48.58; P = 0.000). CONCLUSION Radiation technologists in Saudi Arabia reported a fairly high incidence of MSS, more commonly among female and senior workers. To have a better and safer workplace for radiation technologists, this study suggests preventive measures on organizational and individual levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Shubayr
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Alashban
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Macpherson RA, Neis B, McLeod CB. Differences in workers' compensation claim rates for within-province and out-of-province workers in British Columbia, Canada, 2010-2017. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:214-227. [PMID: 35092041 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the work-related injury and illness risk of out-of-province workers. This study examines whether there are differences in work-related injury and illness claim rates between within-province and out-of-province workers in British Columbia (BC), Canada. METHODS Workers' compensation claim data for injuries and illnesses in BC from 2010 to 2017 were linked with denominator data from Statistics Canada. Multivariable negative binomial regression estimated the claim rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for out-of-province workers with all, health care-only (HCO), short-term disability, long-term disability, and fatality (SLF), and serious injury (SI) claims, compared to within-province workers. RESULTS Compared to within-province workers, out-of-province workers had a lower total claim rate (RR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.52-0.57), adjusting for sex, age, industry sector, and year. Differences in rates differed by claim type, with the largest differences for HCO claims (RR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.47-0.52) and smallest differences for SI claims (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.78-0.92). Sex-stratified models showed larger differences for males than females, with older female out-of-province workers having elevated SI claim rates. Industry-specific models showed that, even in sectors with high proportions of out-of-province workers' claims, these workers have lower claim rates than within-province workers. CONCLUSIONS Out-of-province workers generally have lower claim rates than within-province workers. The overall duration of work exposure, and underreporting or underclaiming, are factors that may explain these lower claim rates. Understanding the determinants and differences of these claim rates may improve the administration and adjudication of claims while also identifying where further prevention measures may be merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Macpherson
- Partnership for Work, Health and Safety, School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Barbara Neis
- Department of Sociology Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's Canada
| | - Christopher B. McLeod
- Partnership for Work, Health and Safety, School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
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21
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Sex Difference and Benzene Exposure: Does It Matter? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042339. [PMID: 35206525 PMCID: PMC8872447 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sex-related biological differences might lead to different effects in women and men when they are exposed to risk factors. A scoping review was carried out to understand if sex could be a discriminant in health outcomes due to benzene. Studies on both animals and humans were collected. In vivo surveys, focusing on genotoxicity, hematotoxicity and effects on metabolism suggested a higher involvement of male animals (mice or rats) in adverse health effects. Conversely, the studies on humans, focused on the alteration of blood parameters, myeloid leukemia incidence and biomarker rates, highlighted that, overall, women had significantly higher risk for blood system effects and a metabolization of benzene 23-26% higher than men, considering a similar exposure situation. This opposite trend highlights that the extrapolation of in vivo findings to human risk assessment should be taken with caution. However, it is clear that sex is a physiological parameter to consider in benzene exposure and its health effects. The topic of sex difference linked to benzene in human exposure needs further research, with more numerous samples, to obtain a higher strength of data and more indicative findings. Sex factor, and gender, could have significant impacts on occupational exposures and their health effects, even if there are still uncertainties and gaps that need to be filled.
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22
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Schofield KE, Ryan AD, Stroinski C. Risk factors for occupational injuries in schools among educators and support staff. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 80:67-77. [PMID: 35249629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION School districts employ a large number of employees who work in educational (e.g., teachers) or other support roles, including educational assistants, custodians, food service, bus drivers, and community and recreation workers. District employees perform a wide array of job tasks and experience a wide spectrum of work-related risks and injuries. METHODS Workers' compensation data were coupled with Minnesota Department of Education district employee denominator data to evaluate risk factors for injury and severity. Variables included district location and type, employee job classification, age, and gender. Rates of injury and rate ratios were calculated to measure comparative injury risk using negative binomial regression and 95% confidence internals. Incidence and frequency of injury cause, nature, and body part we calculated. RESULTS Saint Paul and Minneapolis metropolitan area (versus non-metro) districts had higher risk (RR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.18-1.54) of employee injuries. All job classifications in support roles had increased risk of injury claims versus educators, however food service (RR = 5.14, 95%CI = 4.61-5.74), custodial (RR = 3.85, 95%CI = 3.41-4.34), and transportation (RR = 4.15, 95%CI = 3.38-5.10) exhibited the highest comparative risk to educators; significant risk of lost-time injury was also present in these workers. Males and females had similar risk of injury for all claims, however males had elevated risk of lost-time injury (RR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.26-1.69) versus females. All age groups >41-years-old exhibited increased risk of injury as compared to 31-40-year-olds. The magnitude of lost-time injury risk also increased with age. Falls and slips (29.1%), strains/sprains/ruptures (45.2%), and upper extremities (31.3%) most frequent cause, nature, and body part injured, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Characteristics of districts, schools, workers, and their jobs tasks and hazards vary. Many categories of support staff in schools have elevated risk of injury, including lost-time injury, as compared to educators. Practical Applications: Injury prevention in schools should be approached by targeting job classifications; high risk jobs can be prioritized for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Schofield
- Katherine E. Schofield, University of Minnesota Duluth, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Voss Kovach Hall 105, 1305 Ordean Court, Duluth, MN 55812-3042, USA.
| | - Andrew D Ryan
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Sex and Gender Differences in Occupational Hazard Exposures: a Scoping Review of the Recent Literature. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:267-280. [PMID: 34839446 PMCID: PMC8627292 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Comparative research on sex and/or gender differences in occupational hazard exposures is necessary for effective work injury and illness prevention strategies. This scoping review summarizes the peer-reviewed literature from 2009 to 2019 on exposure differences to occupational hazards between men and women, across occupations, and within the same occupation. RECENT FINDINGS Fifty-eight studies retrieved from eight databases met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 30 studies were found on physical hazards, 38 studies on psychological/psychosocial hazards, 5 studies on biological hazards, and 17 studies on chemical hazards. The majority of studies reported that men were exposed to noise, vibration, medical radiation, physically demanding work, solar radiation, falls, biomechanical risks, chemical hazards, and blood contamination; while women were exposed to wet work, bullying and discrimination, work stress, and biological agents. Within the same occupations, men were more likely to be exposed to physical hazards, with the exception of women in health care occupations and exposure to prolonged standing. Women compared to men in the same occupations were more likely to experience harassment, while men compared to women in the same occupations reported higher work stress. Men reported more exposure to hazardous chemicals in the same occupations as women. The review suggests that men and women have different exposures to occupational hazards and that these differences are not solely due to a gendered distribution of the labor force by occupation. Findings may inform prevention efforts seeking to reduce gender inequalities in occupational health. Future research is needed to explain the reasons for sex/gender inequality differences in exposures within the same occupation.
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Fujishiro K, Ahonen EQ, Winkler M. Poor-quality employment and health: How a welfare regime typology with a gender lens Illuminates a different work-health relationship for men and women. Soc Sci Med 2021; 291:114484. [PMID: 34656919 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the growing literature on employment quality and health, poor quality of employment is generally associated with poor health. However, this association may not be uniform for men and women if unpaid caregiving labor is taken into consideration. How paid and unpaid labor is performed varies across societies because of differences in both state support for families and labor market penalties for women. Applying a gender lens to a welfare regime typology, we investigated the relationship between poor-quality employment and poor health for men and women. For each of five welfare regime types, we hypothesized if men or women would be more strongly affected by poor-quality employment based on the regime's family support policies and labor practices. Our analysis of 18 countries using the 2015 European and American Working Conditions Surveys data largely supported our hypotheses. In countries that support traditional gender roles with high state expenditure and have labor markets that penalize women, the association between poor-quality employment and health was stronger for men. The association was stronger for women in countries that rely on women to provide unpaid caregiving without substantial state support. In countries with apparently gender-neutral expectations for both paid work and unpaid caregiving work, no difference was found between men and women in the association of poor-quality employment with poor health. We discuss the importance of institutional perspectives to understand work as a gendered experience that impacts health. We suggest more comprehensive welfare regime typologies that recognize women both as caregivers and workers. Expanding the scope of research on work and health to include this integrated view of life could make a stride toward gender health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Fujishiro
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Emily Q Ahonen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Megan Winkler
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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25
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Batisse E, Labrèche F, Goldberg MS, Lavoué J, Parent ME, Pasquet R, Richardson L, Siemiatycki J, Ho V. Inter-rater reliability of occupational exposure assessment in a case-control study of female breast cancer. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2021; 18:522-531. [PMID: 34491879 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2021.1976412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to estimate the inter-rater reliability of expert assessments of occupational exposures. An inter-rater reliability sub-study was conducted within a population-based case-control study of postmenopausal breast cancer. Detailed information on lifetime occupational histories was obtained from participants and two industrial hygienists assigned exposures to 185 jobs using a checklist of 293 agents. Experts rated exposure for each job-agent combination according to exposure status (unexposed/exposed), confidence that the exposure occurred (possible/probable/definite), intensity (low/medium/high), and frequency (% time per week). The statistical unit of observation was each job-agent assessment (185 jobs × 293 agents = 54,205 assessments per expert). Crude agreement, Gwet AC1/2 statistics, and Cohen's Kappa were used to estimate inter-rater agreement for confidence and intensity; for frequency, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used. The majority of job-agent combinations were evaluated by the two experts to be not exposed (crude agreement >98% of decisions). The degree of agreement between the experts for the confidence of exposure status was Gwet AC1/2 = 0.99 (95% CI: 0.99-0.99), and for intensity, a Gwet AC2 = 0.99 (95% CI: 0.99-0.99). For frequency, an ICC of 0.31 (95% CI: 0.26-0.35) was found. A sub-analysis restricted to job-agent combinations for which the two experts agreed on exposure status revealed a moderate agreement for confidence of exposure (Gwet AC2 = 0.66) and high agreement for intensity (Gwet AC2 = 0.96). For frequency, the ICC was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.47-0.57). A high level of inter-rater agreement was found for identifying exposures and for coding intensity, but agreement was lower for the coding of frequency of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Batisse
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Labrèche
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, ESPUM, University of Montreal and CIUSSS Centre-Sud, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M S Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Lavoué
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, ESPUM, University of Montreal and CIUSSS Centre-Sud, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M E Parent
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, ESPUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R Pasquet
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - L Richardson
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Siemiatycki
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, ESPUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - V Ho
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, ESPUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Juárez-García A, Merino-Soto C, Brito-Ortiz JF, Nava-Gómez ME, Monroy-Castillo A. Is it the perceived stress scale (PSS) Undimimensional and invariant? A Bifactor analysis in Mexican adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Esteban-Gonzalo S, González-Pascual JL, Gil-Del Sol M, Esteban-Gonzalo L. Exploring new tendencies of gender and health in university students. Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:445-454. [PMID: 33184725 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-020-01087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In light of the impact of gender roles on health, the aims of the present study are (1) to assess the associations between femininity/masculinity and gender typologies, and health indicators (mental health, wellbeing, and self-perceived health) and (2) to identify patterns of gender roles and health indicators, thus exploring new tendencies in gender and health in Spanish university students in the framework of the androgyny model. The sample was made up of 795 university students from Madrid and Toledo. Data collection was completed during 2019. Measures of self-rated health, mental health (GHQ12), and wellbeing (MHC-SF) were considered as health indicators, while the Bem Sex Roles Inventory (BSRI) was used to measure gender roles. Multilevel analysis was employed to value associations between masculinity and femininity and gender typologies with self-rated health, mental health, and wellbeing. Furthermore, cluster analysis was used to explore general tendencies in gender roles and health, while also considering biological sex composition. The best predictor of mental health was found to be masculinity, rather than femininity. Cluster analysis showed a dominance of androgyny and undifferentiated typologies with proportionally similar biological sex composition. Results confirmed the androgyny model, highlighting the role of androgyny and masculinity as protective factors of mental health. Cluster analysis suggested less gender-typed individuals and more flexible ways of adapting to gender roles in university students. Health systems, governments, and public institutions must take these results into account when designing health prevention and intervention policies. Social agents, educators, and the media must also collaborate in the achievement of equalitarian gender roles, which could result in a minimization of gender-related health differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Esteban-Gonzalo
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Psychology Department, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Mónica Gil-Del Sol
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Nursing Department, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Esteban-Gonzalo
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Nursing Department, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Subjective cognitive complaints and permanent work disability: a prospective cohort study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:901-910. [PMID: 33462663 PMCID: PMC8238735 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Work disability (WD) is a medico-legal concept that refers to disability benefits (DB) granted due to diseases. We assessed whether subjective cognitive complaints (SCC)-presenting as self-rated difficulties of concentration, memory, clear thinking, and decision making-predict permanent WD in knowledge-intensive occupations. METHODS In this prospective cohort study with up to 7-year follow-up, we combined the SCC questionnaire results with reliable registry data on the DBs of 7161 professional/managerial employees (46% females). We excluded employees who were on long-term sickness absence (SA) or had received a DB at baseline. The exposure variable was the presence of SCC. Age and SA before the questionnaire as a proxy measure of general health were treated as confounders and the analyses were conducted by gender. The outcome variable was a granted DB. The cumulative incidence function illustrates the difference between SCC categories, and the Fine-Gray model estimates the predictors of WD during the 8-year follow-up. RESULTS The annual incidence of DB was 0.15% in the entire cohort: 0.18% among the females, and 0.12% among the males (p = 0.795). The most common primary reasons for permanent WD were mental (36%) and musculoskeletal (20%) disorders. SCC predicted DB in both genders when controlling for age and prior SA. Hazard ratios were 2.9 with a 95% confidence interval 1.4-6.0 for the females and 3.7 (1.8-7.9) for the males. CONCLUSION Subjective cognitive complaints predict permanent WD in knowledge-intensive occupations. This finding has implications for supporting work ability and preventing work disability among employees with cognitively demanding tasks.
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29
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Chela-Alvarez X, Bulilete O, García-Buades ME, Ferrer-Perez VA, Llobera-Canaves J. Perceived Factors of Stress and Its Outcomes among Hotel Housekeepers in the Balearic Islands: A Qualitative Approach from a Gender Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010052. [PMID: 33374718 PMCID: PMC7793481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tourism is the main economic sector in the Balearic Islands (Spain) and hotel housekeepers (HHs) are a large occupational group, in which stress is becoming a major issue. This study aims at exploring in-depth factors perceived as stressors by HHs and key-informants, and their effects on work-life balance (WLB). A qualitative design with phenomenological approach was used, conducting six focus groups with 34 HHs and 10 individual interviews with key-informants. Results were analyzed adopting the job demands-resources model and a gender perspective. High demands, e.g., work overload, time pressure, physical burden…, lack of enough resources and little control, derived from role conflict, unexpected events…, were the most important factors explaining HHs' stress. Additionally, this imbalance was perceived as leading to health problems, mainly musculoskeletal disorders. Working schedule was mentioned as a facilitator to WLB, whereas an imbalance between job demands and resources led to work-home conflict, preventing them from enjoying leisure time. Multiple roles at work and at home increased their stress. HHs experienced their job as invisible and unrecognised. Regarding practical implications, our recommendations for hotel organization include reducing workload and increasing resources, which would improve the job demands-resource balance, diminish negative mental and physical outcomes and improve WLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Chela-Alvarez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Services, 07003 Palma, Spain; (O.B.); (J.L.-C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Oana Bulilete
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Services, 07003 Palma, Spain; (O.B.); (J.L.-C.)
| | - M. Esther García-Buades
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.E.G.-B.); (V.A.F-P.)
| | - Victoria A. Ferrer-Perez
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.E.G.-B.); (V.A.F-P.)
| | - Joan Llobera-Canaves
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Services, 07003 Palma, Spain; (O.B.); (J.L.-C.)
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Valero E, Martin U, Bacigalupe A, Utzet M. The impact of precarious jobs on mental health: a gender-sensitive literature review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 94:577-589. [PMID: 33236281 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to analyse the extent to which research and knowledge production on a key occupational health issue-the impact of precarious employment on health-incorporates, and is sensitive to, a gender perspective. METHODS A systematic literature review was carried out to identify studies that analysed the relationship between precarious employment and mental health in the period January 2010-May 2018 through. A minimum of two independent reviewers assessed each article for quality and eligibility. A checklist was used to determine whether the articles included in the review incorporated a gender perspective. RESULTS The search retrieved 1522 papers, of which 54 (corresponding to 53 studies) met the inclusion criteria. Of these 54 papers, 22 (40.7%) stratified the analyses by sex. Only 5.4% of the total of articles both stratified by sex and considered variables of household composition and marital status, while only 33.3% incorporated an intersectional perspective. None considered the distribution of domestic work and only a quarter (25.9%) approached the study and interpreted the results in terms of gender. CONCLUSION Too few studies researching paid work and health include a gender perspective. This omission necessarily implies a biased interpretation of the reality of precarious employment and its impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Valero
- Department of Sociology 2, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Social Determinants of Health and Demographic Change - Opik, Leioa, Spain
| | - Unai Martin
- Department of Sociology 2, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Social Determinants of Health and Demographic Change - Opik, Leioa, Spain
| | - Amaia Bacigalupe
- Department of Sociology 2, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Social Determinants of Health and Demographic Change - Opik, Leioa, Spain
| | - Mireia Utzet
- Department of Sociology 2, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain. .,Social Determinants of Health and Demographic Change - Opik, Leioa, Spain. .,Center for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Moscato G, Apfelbacher C, Brockow K, Eberle C, Genuneit J, Mortz CG, Quecchia C, Quirce S, Siracusa A, Tarlo SM, Kampen V, Walusiak‐Skorupa J, Raulf M. Gender and occupational allergy: Report from the task force of the EAACI Environmental and Occupational Allergy Interest Group. Allergy 2020; 75:2753-2763. [PMID: 32279350 DOI: 10.1111/all.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Women's work has traditionally been considered less hazardous to health in comparison with men's work. The increased women's participation in the workforce has led to an increased attention to women's working conditions. Women and men are unequally represented in individual professions or sectors (horizontal segregation), with women also under-represented in leadership positions (vertical segregation). The selection of specific occupations can result in differences between types and levels of occupational exposures among women and men and can affect prevalence of occupational allergy. Gender distribution of work-related asthma appears to vary across countries without clear global difference. Occupational rhinitis tends to be higher in women, although is not clear if this is related to a sex/gender effect or to differences in work exposure. Women are more likely to have occupational contact dermatitis, mainly due to wet work. No clear effects of gender on rates of hypersensitivity pneumonitis have been shown. Besides variation in exposures, physical and physiological characteristics, different behaviours and health consciousness have an impact on the occupational health hazards of women and men. Occupational allergy health promotion strategies need to consider approaches for women and men adjusted by gender, and legislative actions similarly could be implemented in a more gender-sensitive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Moscato
- Specialization School in Occupational Medicine Department of Public Health, Forensic and Experimental Medicine University of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Economics Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein School of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Chiara Eberle
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Economics Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Pediatric Epidemiology Department of Pediatrics University Medicine Leipzig Germany
| | - Charlotte G. Mortz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre ORCA (Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis) Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
| | - Cristina Quecchia
- Io e l'Asma” Center Ospedale dei Bambini ASST Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdIPAZ) Madrid Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases CIBERES Madrid Spain
| | - Andrea Siracusa
- Formerly Professor of Occupational Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Susan Mary Tarlo
- Department of Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Respiratory Division Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network Toronto ON Canada
| | - Vera Kampen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr‐University Bochum (IPA) Bochum Germany
| | - Jolanta Walusiak‐Skorupa
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Lodz Poland
| | - Monika Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance Institute of the Ruhr‐University Bochum (IPA) Bochum Germany
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Arvidsson I, Gremark Simonsen J, Lindegård-Andersson A, Björk J, Nordander C. The impact of occupational and personal factors on musculoskeletal pain - a cohort study of female nurses, sonographers and teachers. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:621. [PMID: 32948157 PMCID: PMC7501652 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal pain is common in the general population and constitutes a major public health problem. A large proportion of these conditions may be work related. The aim of this study was to explore the relative importance of physical, psychosocial and personal factors, in number of pain sites and in five specific pain sites, among women in common professions with a broad variety of occupational exposures. Methods A cohort of 1115 women responded to a questionnaire on ergonomic, psychosocial, personal and life-style factors, and the outcome measure of musculoskeletal pain (based on frequency and intensity of complaints at nine anatomical sites), at baseline and at follow-up. Sum scores of ergonomic and psychosocial factors were created. The importance of exposure at baseline for the number of pain sites at follow-up were estimated using ordinal regression. The importance of exposure at baseline for pain in the neck, shoulders, hands, lower back and feet at follow-up were estimated using multi-exposure Poisson regression models. Results High sum scores for ergonomic and psychosocial factors were of importance for a high number of pain sites, although the strongest risk factor was a high number of pain sites already at baseline. On the individual level, there was a large fluctuation in number of pain sites between the two time points. Eighteen percent reported persistent (or recurrent) ≥ four pain sites, while only 11 % did not report any pain at baseline or at follow-up. Among the specific pain sites, a high sum score of ergonomic factors was associated with pain in the neck, hands and feet. A high sum score of psychosocial factors was associated with neck and shoulder pain. The strongest risk factor was, however, pain at that specific anatomical site at baseline. Only a few of the personal and life-style factors were associated with pain. Conclusions An overwhelming majority of the women in common occupations were affected by musculoskeletal pain. Both ergonomic and psychosocial factors were predictive of a high number of pain sites and of specific pain sites. These findings indicate the need for preventive measures on the individual, organizational and societal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Arvidsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jenny Gremark Simonsen
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Björk
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catarina Nordander
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
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Sex and Gender in Research on Healthcare Workers in Conflict Settings: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124331. [PMID: 32560496 PMCID: PMC7346087 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The occupational health literature has established that sex and gender are associated with all dimensions of the workplace. Sex and/or gender (sex/gender) factors play an important role in shaping the experiences, exposures, and health outcomes of male and female healthcare providers working in war and conflict settings. This study aims to (1) assess how sex/gender is considered in the occupational health literature on healthcare workers in conflict settings, and (2) identify the gaps in incorporating sex/gender concepts in this literature. A scoping review was carried out and nine electronic databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy. Two reviewers screened the titles/abstracts and full-texts of the studies using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Key information was extracted from the studies and four themes were identified. Of 7679 identified records, 47 were included for final review. The findings underlined the harsh working conditions of healthcare workers practicing in conflict zones and showed sex/gender similarities and differences in experiences, exposures and health outcomes. This review revealed a dearth of articles with adequate consideration of sex/gender in the study design. Sex/gender-sensitive research in occupational health is necessary to develop effective occupational health and safety policies to protect men and women healthcare workers in conflict settings.
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Job strain, gender and well-being at work: a case study of public sector line managers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-10-2019-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to further the understanding of public sector line managers' work-related well-being and health in relation to job strain, gender and workplace social support.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was sent to all senior and middle line managers (N = 357) in three administrative departments of Iceland's largest municipality. The response rate was 64.7%. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the data.FindingsA minority of respondents experience high job strain. However, for these managers, the risk of experiencing emotional exhaustion is about fivefold, compared to those not experiencing high job strain. Social support is an important buffering against job strain and enhances well-being. Female managers are more likely than their male counterparts to report myositis, back or shoulder pain and sleeping difficulty.Practical implicationsThe study emphasises that workplace social support attenuates the negative impact of job strain on line managers' work-related well-being. Furthermore, it demonstrates that in a society at the forefront in gender equality, gender differences in health symptoms exist among line managers in the public sector – a finding that highlights the importance of studying all aspects of workplace well-being by gender. This calls for future research using a more comprehensive survey data and interviews to shed light on the pathways through which female line managers' health is negatively affected.Originality/valueKnowledge relating to well-being and health of line managers in the public sector is scarce. This study contributes to filling that gap. As work-related well-being is often gender-blind, the value of the study is also the investigation of the gender patterns in the authors’ data.
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Pihlajamäki M, Arola H, Ahveninen H, Ollikainen J, Korhonen M, Nummi T, Uitti J, Taimela S. Subjective cognitive complaints and sickness absence: A prospective cohort study of 7059 employees in primarily knowledge-intensive occupations. Prev Med Rep 2020; 19:101103. [PMID: 32420012 PMCID: PMC7218151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective cognitive complaints predict sickness absence. Age and prior absence also predict sickness absence in an additive fashion. Maintenance of resources is important in knowledge-intensive occupations.
Knowledge-intensive work requires capabilities like monitoring multiple sources of information, prioritizing between competing tasks, switching between tasks, and resisting distraction from the primary task(s). We assessed whether subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), presenting as self-rated problems with difficulties of concentration, memory, clear thinking and decision making predict sickness absence (SA) in knowledge-intensive occupations. We combined SCC questionnaire results with reliable registry data on SA of 7743 professional/managerial employees (47% female). We excluded employees who were not active in working life, on long-term SA, and those on a work disability benefit at baseline. The exposure variable was the presence of SCC. Age and SA before the questionnaire as a proxy measure of general health were treated as confounders and the analyses were conducted by gender. The outcome measure was the accumulated SA days during a 12-month follow-up. We used a hurdle model to analyse the SA data. SCC predicted the number of SA days during the 12-month follow-up. The ratio of the means of SA days was higher than 2.8 as compared to the reference group, irrespective of gender, with the lowest limit of 95% confidence interval 2.2. In the Hurdle model, SCC, SA days prior to the questionnaire, and age were additive predictors of the likelihood of SA and accumulated SA days, if any. Subjective cognitive complaints predict sickness absence in knowledge-intensive occupations, irrespective of gender, age, or general health. This finding has implications for supporting work ability (productivity) among employees with cognitively demanding tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Pihlajamäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Heikki Arola
- Terveystalo, Jaakonkatu 3b, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jyrki Ollikainen
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Mikko Korhonen
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Tapio Nummi
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Jukka Uitti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland.,Clinic of Occupational Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland
| | - Simo Taimela
- Clinicum, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Evalua International, PO Box 35, FIN-02661 Espoo, Finland
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Lefrançois M, Probst I. "They say we have a choice, but we don't": A gendered reflection on work-family strategies and planning systems of atypical schedules within male-dominated occupations in Canada and Switzerland. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 83:103000. [PMID: 31751753 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For parents working in the transportation industry, atypical schedules are often a daily puzzle. Schedule planning systems allowing workers to choose shifts may affect job strenuousness and work-family balance (WFB) for both female and male workers. How could ergonomic interventions related to the implementation of those systems better consider gender dynamics regarding WFB strategies, and minimize inequities among workers? This article presents a joint analysis of two independent case studies related to ergonomic interventions in transport companies in Canada and Switzerland. Direct observation and semi-structured interviews shed light on the characteristics of schedule planning systems and their interaction with men's and women's WFB strategies. Issues related to each step of the planning process (shift construction, schedule choice, day-to-day schedule management) are discussed to inform interventions aimed at facilitating WFB, and ultimately gender equity, in atypical schedule contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Lefrançois
- École des Sciences de la Gestion (ESG UQAM, Business School) and CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Probst
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Av. de Beaumont 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Busto Serrano N, Suárez Sánchez A, Sánchez Lasheras F, Iglesias-Rodríguez FJ, Fidalgo Valverde G. Identification of gender differences in the factors influencing shoulders, neck and upper limb MSD by means of multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 82:102981. [PMID: 31670156 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, models based on multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) are proposed to study the influence of gender in the factors affecting the development of shoulders, neck and upper limb MSD. Two different MARS models, corresponding to men and women, are constructed to identify variables with the strongest effect on the target MSD. Both models are capable to predict successfully the occurrence of the studied disorders. Men seem to be more vulnerable to physical risk factors and some other working conditions, whereas women appear to be more affected by psychosocial risk factors and activities carried out outside their working hours. According to the results, gender needs to be considered to ensure the success and effectiveness of ergonomic interventions on the whole working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Busto Serrano
- Labor and Social Security Inspectorate. Ministry of Labor, Migration and Social Security, Spain
| | - A Suárez Sánchez
- Department of Business Management, University of Oviedo, 33004, Oviedo, Spain.
| | | | | | - G Fidalgo Valverde
- Department of Business Management, University of Oviedo, 33004, Oviedo, Spain
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Laberge M, Blanchette-Luong V, Blanchard A, Sultan-Taïeb H, Riel J, Lederer V, Saint-Charles J, Chatigny C, Lefrançois M, Webb J, Major MÈ, Vaillancourt C, Messing K. Impacts of considering sex and gender during intervention studies in occupational health: Researchers' perspectives. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 82:102960. [PMID: 31600712 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to examine the impacts of incorporating sex and gender (s/g) analysis in integrated knowledge translation (iKT) initiatives in the field of ergonomics and occupational health. The article presents findings based on a retrospective analysis of twelve intervention-research (IR) studies, including a thematic content analysis of in-depth interviews conducted with 15 researchers involved in these IRs. The findings offer an overview of various categories of impacts, such as changes in partners' views, in workplace settings and conditions, in practices and policies, and in economic outcomes. In these types of IR, health effects measurement is not the main objective, and direct health outcomes are difficult to assess. Explicitly talking about sex/gender led more often to system-level changes but less often to workplace-level changes, compared to interventions where sex/gender was not identified as a specific object of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Laberge
- University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada; CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada; CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, 3175 Ch. Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Vanessa Blanchette-Luong
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Arnaud Blanchard
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, 3175 Ch. Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Hélène Sultan-Taïeb
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jessica Riel
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada; Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), 283 Boul. Alexandre-Taché, Gatineau, QC, J8X 3X7, Canada
| | - Valérie Lederer
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada; Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), 283 Boul. Alexandre-Taché, Gatineau, QC, J8X 3X7, Canada
| | - Johanne Saint-Charles
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Céline Chatigny
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lefrançois
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jena Webb
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Major
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada; University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada; Centre INRS-Armand-Frappier Institute, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Karen Messing
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
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Self-reported health problems in a health risk appraisal predict permanent work disability: a prospective cohort study of 22,023 employees from different sectors in Finland with up to 6-year follow-up. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 93:445-456. [PMID: 31786668 PMCID: PMC7118033 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Work disability (WD) as a medico-legal concept refers to disability benefits (DB) that are granted due to diseases that permanently reduce work ability. We studied whether an occupational healthcare instrument for the prediction of sickness absence (SA) risk—a health risk appraisal (HRA)—also predicts permanent WD. Methods HRA results were combined with registry data on DB of 22,023 employees from different industry sectors. We analysed how the HRA risk categories predict DB and considered occupational group, gender, age, and prior SA as confounding variables. Cumulative incidence function illustrates the difference between the HRA risk categories, and the Fine–Gray model estimates the predictors of WD during 6-year follow-up. Results The most common primary reasons for permanent WD were musculoskeletal (39%) and mental disorders (21%). Self-reported health problems in the HRA, labelled as “WD risk factors”, predicted DB when controlling for age and prior SA. Hazard ratios were 10.9 or over with the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval 3.3 or over among those with two simultaneous WD risk factors. 14% of the females and 17% of the males with three or more simultaneous WD risk factors had received a DB, whereas the respective figures among those without findings were 1.9% and 0.3%. Conclusions Self-reported health problems in the HRA, especially multiple simultaneous WD risk factors, predict permanent WD among both genders across occupational groups. Screening WD risk with a self-administered questionnaire is a potential means for identifying high-risk employees for targeting occupational healthcare actions.
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Elser H, Ben-Michael E, Rehkopf D, Modrek S, Eisen EA, Cullen MR. Layoffs and the mental health and safety of remaining workers: a difference-in-differences analysis of the US aluminium industry. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019; 73:1094-1100. [PMID: 31533963 PMCID: PMC10443429 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2018-211774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively few studies have examined the effects of layoffs on remaining workers, although the effects of layoffs and downsizing events may extend beyond those employees who lose their jobs. METHODS We examined the effects of layoffs on mental healthcare utilisation and injury risk among workers at 30 US plants between 2003 and 2013. We defined layoffs as reductions in the hourly workforce of 20% or more at each plant. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we compared the change in outcomes during layoffs versus the same 3-month period 1 year previously, accounting for secular trends with control plants. RESULTS Our study population included 15 502 workers and 7 layoff events between 2003 and 2013. Layoffs were associated with only minor decreases in injuries (-0.006, 95% CI -0.013 to 0.001). The probability of outpatient visits related to mental health increased by 1% during layoffs (0.010, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.017), and the probability of mental health-related prescriptions increased by 1.4% (0.014, 95% CI -0.0006 to 0.027). Among women, the increase in outpatient visits was more pronounced (0.017, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.031). Increased prescription utilisation appeared attributable primarily to opioid use (0.016, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.027). CONCLUSION Our results indicate an association between layoffs and remaining workers' mental health and safety, although changes mental healthcare utilisation may reflect both changes in underlying mental health and changes in care-seeking. Future research on concordance of service utilisation and underlying health may yield valuable insight into the experiences employed workers in the wake of layoffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Elser
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Eli Ben-Michael
- Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - David Rehkopf
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sepideh Modrek
- Department of Economics, San Francisco State University, Health Equity Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ellen A Eisen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mark R Cullen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Pihlajamäki M, Uitti J, Arola H, Ollikainen J, Korhonen M, Nummi T, Taimela S. Self-reported health problems and obesity predict sickness absence during a 12-month follow-up: a prospective cohort study in 21 608 employees from different industries. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025967. [PMID: 31676640 PMCID: PMC6830705 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study whether self-reported health problems predict sickness absence (SA) from work in employees from different industries. METHODS The results of a health risk appraisal (HRA) were combined with archival data of SA of 21 608 employees (59% female, 56% clerical). Exposure variables were self-reported health problems, labelled as 'work disability (WD) risk factors' in the HRA, presence of problems with occupational well-being and obesity. Age, socioeconomic grading and the number of SA days 12 months before the survey were treated as confounders. The outcome measure was accumulated SA days during 12-month follow-up. Data were analysed separately for males and females. A Hurdle model with negative binomial response was used to analyse zero-inflated count data of SA. RESULTS The HRA results predicted the number of accumulated SA days during the 12-month follow-up, regardless of occupational group and gender. The ratio of means of SA days varied between 2.7 and 4.0 among those with 'WD risk factors' and the reference category with no findings, depending on gender and occupational group. The lower limit of the 95% CI was at the lowest 2.0. In the Hurdle model, 'WD risk factors', SA days prior to the HRA and obesity were additive predictors for SA and/or the accumulated SA days in all occupational groups. CONCLUSION Self-reported health problems and obesity predict a higher total count of SA days in an additive fashion. These findings have implications for both management and the healthcare system in the prevention of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Pihlajamäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Terveystalo, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Uitti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jyrki Ollikainen
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Korhonen
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tapio Nummi
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Simo Taimela
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Evalua International, Helsinki, Finland
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Association of Workplace Bullying and Workplace Vulnerability in the Psychological Distress of Chilean Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16204039. [PMID: 31652495 PMCID: PMC6843971 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16204039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Workplace bullying has been identified as a global problem because of its growing magnitude and the harmful effects in victims and organizations. Workplace vulnerability is a component of job precarious1ness that reflects insecurity, fear, and labor uncertainty. This paper aims to analyze the associations between the exposure to workplace vulnerability and psychological distress, and to explore the associations between exposure to workplace bullying and psychological distress, by sex. A cross-sectional and probabilistic survey was applied to a randomly-selected valid sample of 1995 salaried workers in three main metropolitan areas of Chile. Chi-square test and logistic regression models controlling for confounders were tested. Female workers were more exposed to workplace vulnerability and presented a higher prevalence of psychological distress. Among women who were vulnerable, one of three reported psychological distress (30.8%), which is higher than men (16.5%). Workers exposed to workplace vulnerability had a greater chance of workplace bullying, workers who perceived high workplace vulnerability had a greater chance of psychological distress, and workers exposed to workplace violence had a greater likelihood of psychological distress in comparison to those who were not exposed. Increasing employment security can reduce the perception of job vulnerability and help prevent the existence of workplace bullying. Additionally, occupational health protection policies should prevent, protect from, and intervene in workplace bullying as a precursor to mental health problems in Chile.
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Reoccurring Injury, Chronic Health Conditions, and Behavioral Health: Gender Differences in the Causes of Workers' Compensation Claims. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 60:710-716. [PMID: 29438153 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was o examine how work and nonwork health-related factors contribute to workers' compensation (WC) claims by gender. METHODS Workers (N = 16,926) were enrolled in the Pinnacol Assurance Health Risk Management study, a multiyear, longitudinal research program assessing small and medium-sized enterprises in Colorado. Hypotheses were tested using gender-stratified logistic regression models. RESULTS For both women and men, having incurred a prior WC claim increased the odds of a future claim. The combination of incurring a prior claim and having metabolic health conditions resulted in lower odds of a future claim. Behavioral health risk factors increased the odds of having a claim more so among women than among men. CONCLUSION This study provides data to support multifactorial injury theories, and the need for injury prevention efforts that consider workplace conditions as well as worker health.
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Gender, Depression, and Blue-collar Work: A Retrospective Cohort Study of US Aluminum Manufacturers. Epidemiology 2019; 30:435-444. [PMID: 30964814 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrial blue-collar workers face multiple work-related stressors, but evidence regarding the burden of mental illness among today's blue-collar men and women remains limited. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we examined health and employment records for 37,183 blue- and white-collar workers employed by a single US aluminum manufacturer from 2003 to 2013. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we modeled time to first episode of treated depression by gender and occupational class. Among cases, we modeled rates of depression-related service utilization with generalized gamma regression. RESULTS Compared with their white-collar counterparts, blue-collar men were more likely to be treated for depression (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.4) as were blue-collar women (HR = 1.4; 1.2, 1.6). Blue-collar women were most likely to be treated for depression as compared with white-collar men (HR = 3.2; 95% CI = 2.1, 5.0). However, blue-collar workers used depression-related services less frequently than their white-collar counterparts among both men (rate ratio = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.84, 0.98) and women (rate ratio = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.77, 0.88). CONCLUSIONS Blue-collar women were more likely to be treated for depression than white-collar workers, and blue-collar women were most likely to be treated for depression compared with white-collar men. However, blue-collar men and women used depression-related healthcare services less frequently than white-collar workers. These findings underscore that blue-collar women may be uniquely susceptible to depression, and suggest that blue-collar workers may encounter barriers to care-seeking related mental illness other than their insurance status.
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Macpherson RA, Koehoorn M, Fan J, Quirke W, Amick BC, Kraut A, Mustard CA, McLeod CB. Do Differences in Work Disability Duration Between Men and Women Vary by Province in Canada? JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2019; 29:560-568. [PMID: 30506114 PMCID: PMC6675772 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-018-9819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Research has shown that there are important sex and gender-based differences in the work disability duration of men and women. This research is often limited to single jurisdictions, using different outcome measures, and therefore has limited generalisability of findings. This study examined if differences between work disability of men and women differed by province and by duration of work disability. Methods Cohorts of injured workers in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia (BC), Manitoba (MB) and Ontario (ON) were analysed using workers' compensation data for work-related injuries occurring between 2007 and 2011. Work disability duration was measured using cumulative days in receipt of disability benefits paid during one-year post-injury. Poisson models with restricted cubic splines tested whether differences between men and women in the likelihood of transitioning off disability benefits varied by duration of work disability in each province, adjusting for confounders. Results Men transitioned off disability benefits faster than women for claim durations of up to two to four months, after which women transitioned off disability benefits faster until ten months. Differences between men and women were consistent across all jurisdictions. For claims longer than ten months, men transitioned off work disability benefits faster than women in BC and ON, but there were no significant differences between men and women in MB. Conclusions Differences in the work disability duration between men and women vary by province and duration of work disability. Claims management processes need to be sensitive to differences that men and women face and the timing of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Macpherson
- Partnership for Work, Health and Safety, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Mieke Koehoorn
- Partnership for Work, Health and Safety, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Fan
- Partnership for Work, Health and Safety, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William Quirke
- Partnership for Work, Health and Safety, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Benjamin C Amick
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Allen Kraut
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Christopher B McLeod
- Partnership for Work, Health and Safety, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Heise L, Greene ME, Opper N, Stavropoulou M, Harper C, Nascimento M, Zewdie D. Gender inequality and restrictive gender norms: framing the challenges to health. Lancet 2019; 393:2440-2454. [PMID: 31155275 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gender is not accurately captured by the traditional male and female dichotomy of sex. Instead, it is a complex social system that structures the life experience of all human beings. This paper, the first in a Series of five papers, investigates the relationships between gender inequality, restrictive gender norms, and health and wellbeing. Building upon past work, we offer a consolidated conceptual framework that shows how individuals born biologically male or female develop into gendered beings, and how sexism and patriarchy intersect with other forms of discrimination, such as racism, classism, and homophobia, to structure pathways to poor health. We discuss the ample evidence showing the far-reaching consequences of these pathways, including how gender inequality and restrictive gender norms impact health through differential exposures, health-related behaviours and access to care, as well as how gender-biased health research and health-care systems reinforce and reproduce gender inequalities, with serious implications for health. The cumulative consequences of structured disadvantage, mediated through discriminatory laws, policies, and institutions, as well as diet, stress, substance use, and environmental toxins, have triggered important discussions about the role of social injustice in the creation and maintenance of health inequities, especially along racial and socioeconomic lines. This Series paper raises the parallel question of whether discrimination based on gender likewise becomes embodied, with negative consequences for health. For decades, advocates have worked to eliminate gender discrimination in global health, with only modest success. A new plan and new political commitment are needed if these global health aspirations and the wider Sustainable Development Goals of the UN are to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Heise
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Neisha Opper
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Stavropoulou
- Programme on Gender Equality and Social Inclusion, Overseas Development Institute, London, UK
| | - Caroline Harper
- Programme on Gender Equality and Social Inclusion, Overseas Development Institute, London, UK
| | - Marcos Nascimento
- Programa de Posgraduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher, Instituto Fernandes Figueira-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Debrework Zewdie
- School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Breslin FC, Dollack J, Mahood Q, Maas ET, Laberge M, Smith PM. Are new workers at elevated risk for work injury? A systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:694-701. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo identify, appraise and synthesise studies that have examined the degree to which new workers are at an elevated risk of work-related acute injuries and musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries.MethodWe searched three relevant electronic databases for studies published between 1995 and early 2018. Fifty-one studies using multivariate analyses met our relevance and quality appraisal criteria. These studies examined two different work outcomes: acute injuries (eg, cuts, burns and falls) and MSK injuries (eg, repetitive strain).ResultsIn four of six studies looking at acute work injuries, new workers were found to be at an elevated risk of injury (ie, moderate supportive evidence of new worker risk). In another six studies looking at MSK symptoms, injuries or disorders, evidence of an elevated risk among new workers was insufficient or limited.ConclusionsOur review has potential implications for the prevention of work injuries, providing policy-makers and workplace parties with supportive evidence about the importance of prevention efforts focused on new workers, such as developing workplace policies that emphasise hazard exposure reduction, hazard awareness, hazard protection and worker empowerment.
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Mikkola TM, von Bonsdorff MB, Salonen MK, Kautiainen H, Ala-Mursula L, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E, Eriksson JG. Physical heaviness of work and sitting at work as predictors of mortality: a 26-year follow-up of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026280. [PMID: 31101697 PMCID: PMC6530310 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationships of late-career physical heaviness of work and sitting at work with mortality. A national-level job exposure matrix was used to determine the occupation-specific level of physical heaviness and sitting. DESIGN Prospective cohort study between years 1990 and 2015. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS 5210 men and 4725 women from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study with an occupational code at baseline (ages 45-57 years). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Total, cardiovascular (International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision I00-I99), cancer (C00-C97) and external (S00-Y84) mortality. RESULTS The exposures, physical heaviness and sitting had a non-linear, inverse relationship. During the 26-year follow-up, 1536 men and 759 women died. Among men, physical heaviness of work was positively associated and sitting at work was negatively associated with all-cause, cardiovascular and external cause mortality but they were not associated with cancer mortality. The HRs for men in the highest quartile of physical heaviness of work compared with men in the lowest quartile were 1.54 (1.31-1.80) for all-cause mortality, 1.70 (1.30-2.23) for cardiovascular mortality and 3.18 (1.75-5.78) for external cause mortality (adjusted for age and years of education). Compared with the lowest quartile, the HRs for the highest quartile of sitting at work among men were 0.71 (0.61-0.82) for all-cause mortality, 0.59 (0.45-0.77) for cardiovascular mortality and 0.38 (0.22-0.66) for external cause mortality. In women, neither physical heaviness of work nor sitting at work was associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Men in physically heavy work at their late-work career are at higher risk of death than men in physically light work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikaela B von Bonsdorff
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Gerontology Research Centre, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Minna K Salonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leena Ala-Mursula
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Gendered Working Environments as a Determinant of Mental Health Inequalities: A Protocol for a Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071169. [PMID: 30939787 PMCID: PMC6479308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both gender and employment are critical and intersecting social determinants of mental and physical health. This paper describes the protocol used to conduct a systematic literature review of the relationship between "gendered working environments" and mental health. Gendered working environments (GWE) are conceptualised as involving: (1) differences in selection into work, and more specifically, occupations; (2) variation in employment arrangements and working hours; (3) disparities in psychosocial exposures at work, and; (4) differences in selection out of work. Methods/design: The review will adhere to a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) search procedure. Key words will be identified that are specific to each of the four domains of GWE. The databases used for the search will be Scopus, Pubmed, Proquest, and Web of Science. Keywords will be adapted for the specific requirements of each electronic database. Inclusion criteria are: Using a validated scale to measure mental health (outcome); including exposures related to the four domains of GWE; reporting estimates for both men and women; and use of a cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional design. Studies will be excluded if they were published more than 10 years ago, are not in English or do not present extractable data on the relationship between GWE and mental health. Discussion: The proposed review will provide evidence about the numerous and complex ways in which employment and gender intersect (and are reinforced) to influence mental health over the life course.
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Coppola SM, Dixon PC, Hu B, Lin MYC, Dennerlein JT. Going Short: The Effects of Short-Travel Key Switches on Typing Performance, Typing Force, Forearm Muscle Activity, and User Experience. J Appl Biomech 2019; 35:149-156. [PMID: 30676185 PMCID: PMC7606033 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2018-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of 4 micro-travel keyboards on forearm muscle activity, typing force, typing performance, and self-reported discomfort and difficulty. A total of 20 participants completed typing tasks on 4 commercially available devices with different key switch characteristics (dome, scissors, and butterfly) and key travels (0.55, 1.3, and 1.6 mm). The device with short-travel (0.55 mm) and a dome-type key switch mechanism was associated with higher muscle activities (6%-8%, P < .01), higher typing force (12%, P < .01), slower typing speeds (8%, P < .01), and twice as much discomfort (P < .05), compared with the other 3 devices: short-travel (0.55 mm) and butterfly switch design and long travel (1.3 and 1.6 mm) with scissor key switches. Participants rated the devices with larger travels (1.3 and 1.6 mm) with least discomfort (P = .02) and difficulty (P < .01). When stratified by sex/gender, these observed associations were larger and more significant in the female participants compared with male participants. The devices with similar travel but different key switch designs had difference in outcomes and devices with different travel were sometimes not different. The results suggest that key travel alone does not predict typing force or muscle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boyi Hu
- 1 Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | | | - Jack T Dennerlein
- 1 Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
- 3 Northeastern University
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