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Gangaram B, Lee V, Slavotinek A. Biallelic OTUD6B variants associated with a Kabuki syndrome-like disorder in three siblings: A clinical report and literature review. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63567. [PMID: 38389298 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Biallelic variants in the OTUD6B gene have been reported in the literature in association with an intellectual developmental disorder featuring dysmorphic facies, seizures, and distal limb abnormalities. Physical differences described for affected individuals suggest that the disorder may be clinically recognizable, but previous publications have reported an initial clinical suspicion for Kabuki syndrome (KS) in some affected individuals. Here, we report on three siblings with biallelic variants in OTUD6B co-segregating with neurodevelopmental delay, shared physical differences, and other clinical findings similar to those of previously reported individuals. However, clinical manifestations such as long palpebral fissures, prominent and cupped ears, developmental delay, growth deficiency, persistent fetal fingertip pads, vertebral anomaly, and seizures in the proband were initially suggestive of KS. In addition, previously unreported clinical manifestations such as delayed eruption of primary dentition, soft doughy skin with reduced sweating, and mirror movements present in our patients suggest an expansion of the phenotype, and we perform a literature review to update on current information related to OTUD6B and human gene-disease association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balram Gangaram
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Virgina Lee
- Division of Child Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Pinto LC, Kokitsu-Nakata NM, da Silva Dalben G, de Azevedo Silva LJ, de Almeida ALPF. Systemic and oral abnormalities in Kabuki syndrome: a case series. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024; 137:e91-e98. [PMID: 38553307 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.12.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the systemic and oral abnormalities in individuals with Kabuki syndrome (KS) that might be investigated to enhance the early diagnosis and treatment by a multidisciplinary team, minimizing the consequences to the individual's health. STUDY DESIGN Clinical examination was conducted on 15 individuals to investigate orodental alterations such as tooth abnormalities and cleft lip and/or palate, and the patient records were also reviewed to investigate systemic diseases such as cardiopathies, infectious and immunologic diseases, nephropathies, and delayed neuropsychomotor development. RESULTS All individuals with KS presented cleft lip and/or palate, 11 (73.34%) tooth abnormalities, 5 (33.34%) congenital cardiopathies, 12 (80%) infectious or immunologic diseases, 1 (6.67%) nephropathy, and 14 (93.34%) had an intellectual disability. CONCLUSION Individuals with KS often have dental anomalies such as hypodontia, cleft or palate, and systemic disorders such as congenital heart disease and infectious diseases. Intellectual disability is present in most cases. These alterations should be investigated as early as possible to prevent the increase in morbidity in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane Castro Pinto
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Lúcia Pompéia Fraga de Almeida
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry and Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bukowska-Olech E, Majchrzak-Celińska A, Przyborska M, Jamsheer A. Chromatinopathies: insight in clinical aspects and underlying epigenetic changes. J Appl Genet 2024; 65:287-301. [PMID: 38180712 PMCID: PMC11003913 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Chromatinopathies (CPs), a group of rare inborn defects characterized by chromatin state imbalance, have evolved from initially resembling Cornelia de Lange syndrome to encompass a wide array of genetic diseases with diverse clinical presentations. The CPs classification now includes human developmental disorders caused by germline mutations in epigenes, genes that regulate the epigenome. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled the association of 154 epigenes with CPs, revealing distinctive DNA methylation patterns known as episignatures.It has been shown that episignatures are unique for a particular CP or share similarities among specific CP subgroup. Consequently, these episignatures have emerged as promising biomarkers for diagnosing and treating CPs, differentiating subtypes, evaluating variants of unknown significance, and facilitating targeted therapies tailored to the underlying epigenetic dysregulation.The following review was conducted to collect, summarize, and analyze data regarding CPs in such aspects as clinical evaluation encompassing long-term patient care, underlying epigenetic changes, and innovative molecular and bioinformatic methodologies that have been devised for the assessment of CPs. We have also shed light on promising novel treatment options that have surfaced in recent research and presented a synthesis of ongoing clinical trials, contributing to the current understanding of the dynamic and evolving nature of CPs investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
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Lee CL, Chuang CK, Chen MR, Lin JL, Chiu HC, Chang YH, Tu YR, Lo YT, Lin HY, Lin SP. Illuminating the Genetic Basis of Congenital Heart Disease in Patients with Kabuki Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:846. [PMID: 38667491 PMCID: PMC11049448 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14080846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affect a substantial proportion of patients with Kabuki syndrome. However, the prevalence and type of CHD and the genotype-phenotype correlations in Asian populations are not fully elucidated. This study performed a retrospective analysis of 23 Taiwanese patients with molecularly confirmed Kabuki syndrome. Twenty-two patients presented with pathogenic variants in the KMT2D gene. Comprehensive clinical assessments were performed. A literature review was conducted to summarize the spectrum of CHDs in patients with Kabuki syndrome. In total, 16 (73.9%) of 22 patients with pathogenic KMT2D variants had CHDs. The most common types of CHD were atrial septal defects (37.5%), ventricular septal defects (18.8%), coarctation of the aorta (18.8%), bicuspid aortic valve (12.5%), persistent left superior vena cava (12.5%), mitral valve prolapse (12.5%), mitral regurgitation (12.5%), and patent ductus arteriosus (12.5%). Other cardiac abnormalities were less common. Further, there were no clear genotype-phenotype correlations found. A literature review revealed similar patterns of CHDs, with a predominance of left-sided obstructive lesions and septal defects. In conclusion, the most common types of CHDs in Taiwanese patients with Kabuki syndrome who presented with KMT2D mutations are left-sided obstructive lesions and septal defects.
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Grants
- MMH-E-113-13, MMH-MM-112-14, MMH-E-112-13, and MMH-E-111-13 Mackay Memorial Hospital
- NSTC-112-2314-B-195-014-MY3, NSTC-112-2811-B-195-001, NSTC-112-2314-B-195-003, NSTC-111-2314-B-195-017, NSTC-111-2811-B-195-002, NSTC-111-2811-B-195-001, NSTC-110-2314-B-195-014, NSTC-110-2314-B-195-010-MY3, and NSTC-110-2314-B-195-029 Ministry of Science and Technology, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (C.-L.L.); (M.-R.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Rare Disease Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 112021, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Chuang
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (Y.-R.T.)
- College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei 24205, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ren Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (C.-L.L.); (M.-R.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Ju-Li Lin
- Division of Endocrine & Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children’s Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan;
| | - Huei-Ching Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (C.-L.L.); (M.-R.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Ya-Hui Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (C.-L.L.); (M.-R.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Rare Disease Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Rong Tu
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (Y.-R.T.)
| | - Yun-Ting Lo
- Department of Rare Disease Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiang-Yu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (C.-L.L.); (M.-R.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Rare Disease Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 112021, Taiwan
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (Y.-R.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (C.-L.L.); (M.-R.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Rare Disease Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (Y.-R.T.)
- Department of Infant and Child Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Chen Y, Hu Y, Li Q, Liu S, Wang J, Wang X. Sex-specific difference in phenotype of Kabuki syndrome type 2 patients: a matched case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:133. [PMID: 38373926 PMCID: PMC10875883 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a monogenic disorder leading to special facial features, mental retardation, and multiple system malformations. Lysine demethylase 6A, (KDM6A, MIM*300128) is the pathogenic gene of Kabuki syndrome type 2 (KS2, MIM#300867), which accounts for only 5%-8% of KS. Previous studies suggested that female patients with KS2 may have a milder phenotype. METHOD We summarized the phenotype and genotype of KS2 patients who were diagnosed in Shanghai Children's Medical Center since July 2017 and conducted a 1:3 matched case-control study according to age and sex to investigate sex-specific differences between patients with and without KS2. RESULTS There were 12 KS2 cases in this study, and 8 of them matched with 24 controls. The intelligence quotient (IQ) score of the case group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.001). In addition, both the incidence of intellectual disability (ID) (IQ < 70) and moderate-to-severe ID (IQ < 55) were significantly higher in the case group than those in the control group. No sex-specific difference was found in the incidence of ID or moderate-to-severe ID between the female cases and female controls, whereas there was a significant difference between male cases and male controls. Furthermore, the rate of moderate-to-severe ID and congenital heart disease (CHD) was significantly higher in the male group than that in the female group. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that a sex-specific difference was exhibited in the clinical phenotypes of KS2 patients. The incidence of CHD was higher in male patients, and mental retardation was significantly impaired. However, the female patients' phenotype was mild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center,, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Xu
- Department of NeurologySchool of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center,, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabin Hu
- Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center,, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijian Liu
- Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of NeurologySchool of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center,, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of NeurologySchool of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Hennocq Q, Willems M, Amiel J, Arpin S, Attie-Bitach T, Bongibault T, Bouygues T, Cormier-Daire V, Corre P, Dieterich K, Douillet M, Feydy J, Galliani E, Giuliano F, Lyonnet S, Picard A, Porntaveetus T, Rio M, Rouxel F, Shotelersuk V, Toutain A, Yauy K, Geneviève D, Khonsari RH, Garcelon N. Next generation phenotyping for diagnosis and phenotype-genotype correlations in Kabuki syndrome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2330. [PMID: 38282012 PMCID: PMC10822856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of dysmorphology has been changed by the use Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the development of Next Generation Phenotyping (NGP). The aim of this study was to propose a new NGP model for predicting KS (Kabuki Syndrome) on 2D facial photographs and distinguish KS1 (KS type 1, KMT2D-related) from KS2 (KS type 2, KDM6A-related). We included retrospectively and prospectively, from 1998 to 2023, all frontal and lateral pictures of patients with a molecular confirmation of KS. After automatic preprocessing, we extracted geometric and textural features. After incorporation of age, gender, and ethnicity, we used XGboost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting), a supervised machine learning classifier. The model was tested on an independent validation set. Finally, we compared the performances of our model with DeepGestalt (Face2Gene). The study included 1448 frontal and lateral facial photographs from 6 centers, corresponding to 634 patients (527 controls, 107 KS); 82 (78%) of KS patients had a variation in the KMT2D gene (KS1) and 23 (22%) in the KDM6A gene (KS2). We were able to distinguish KS from controls in the independent validation group with an accuracy of 95.8% (78.9-99.9%, p < 0.001) and distinguish KS1 from KS2 with an empirical Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.805 (0.729-0.880, p < 0.001). We report an automatic detection model for KS with high performances (AUC 0.993 and accuracy 95.8%). We were able to distinguish patients with KS1 from KS2, with an AUC of 0.805. These results outperform the current commercial AI-based solutions and expert clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Hennocq
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France.
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et chirurgie plastique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
- Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Paris, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire 'Forme et Croissance du Crâne', Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Génétique clinique, CHU Montpellier, Centre de référence anomalies du développement SOOR, INSERM U1183, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Arpin
- Service de Génétique, CHU Tours, UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bongibault
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France
- Laboratoire 'Forme et Croissance du Crâne', Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bouygues
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France
- Laboratoire 'Forme et Croissance du Crâne', Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Corre
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et stomatologie, 44000, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Oniris, UnivAngers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1209, IAB, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Eva Galliani
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et chirurgie plastique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Picard
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et chirurgie plastique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marlène Rio
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Flavien Rouxel
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Génétique clinique, CHU Montpellier, Centre de référence anomalies du développement SOOR, INSERM U1183, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Annick Toutain
- Service de Génétique, CHU Tours, UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Kevin Yauy
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Génétique clinique, CHU Montpellier, Centre de référence anomalies du développement SOOR, INSERM U1183, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Génétique clinique, CHU Montpellier, Centre de référence anomalies du développement SOOR, INSERM U1183, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Roman H Khonsari
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et chirurgie plastique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Laboratoire 'Forme et Croissance du Crâne', Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Larsen LA, Hitz MP. Human Genetics of Atrial Septal Defect. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:467-480. [PMID: 38884726 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Although atrial septal defects (ASD) can be subdivided based on their anatomical location, an essential aspect of human genetics and genetic counseling is distinguishing between isolated and familiar cases without extracardiac features and syndromic cases with the co-occurrence of extracardiac abnormalities, such as developmental delay. Isolated or familial cases tend to show genetic alterations in genes related to important cardiac transcription factors and genes encoding for sarcomeric proteins. By contrast, the spectrum of genes with genetic alterations observed in syndromic cases is diverse. Currently, it points to different pathways and gene networks relevant to the dysregulation of cardiomyogenesis and ASD pathogenesis. Therefore, this chapter reflects the current knowledge and highlights stable associations observed in human genetics studies. It gives an overview of the different types of genetic alterations in these subtypes, including common associations based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and it highlights the most frequently observed syndromes associated with ASD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars A Larsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc-Phillip Hitz
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medicine Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Department for Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Prapa M, Ho SY. Human Genetics of Semilunar Valve and Aortic Arch Anomalies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:761-775. [PMID: 38884747 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Lesions of the semilunar valve and the aortic arch can occur either in isolation or as part of well-described clinical syndromes. The polygenic cause of calcific aortic valve disease will be discussed including the key role of NOTCH1 mutations. In addition, the complex trait of bicuspid aortic valve disease will be outlined, both in sporadic/familial cases and in the context of associated syndromes, such as Alagille, Williams, and Kabuki syndromes. Aortic arch abnormalities particularly coarctation of the aorta and interrupted aortic arch, including their association with syndromes such as Turner and 22q11 deletion, respectively, are also discussed. Finally, the genetic basis of congenital pulmonary valve stenosis is summarized, with particular note to Ras-/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK) pathway syndromes and other less common associations, such as Holt-Oram syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Prapa
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Siew Yen Ho
- Cardiac Morphology, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
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9
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Li Z, Ning Z. Neonatal Kabuki syndrome caused by KMT2D mutation: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36681. [PMID: 38115267 PMCID: PMC10727567 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kabuki syndrome (KS) is an autosomal dominant inherited syndrome that involves multiple organs and systems. Gene mutation is the main cause of KS. The reported mutations in X-linked histone H3 lysine 4 methylase (KMT2D) and KDM6A genes are 2 relatively clear pathogenic pathways. In this paper, we report a case of KS with neonatal hypoglycemia and special features caused by KMT2D gene mutation confirmed by whole exome sequencing, it enriched the clinical phenotype spectrum and gene mutation spectrum of KS, which helps to improve the understanding of the disease. CASE REPORT Through whole exome sequencing, we performed gene diagnosis of a newborn child with special facial features and multiple malformations, which revealed heterozygous mutation of NM_003482.3:c.755dupA(p.His252Glnfs*21) in KMT2D gene. It is consistent with the pathogenesis of KS, an autosomal dominat genetic disease caused by KMT2D gene mutation. This pathogenic mutation has not been prebiously reported. DISCUSSION KS has strong clinical characteristics and biological heterogeneity. Genetic diagnosis can help identify mutant gene types. However, the relationship between genotype and phenotype has not been fully clarified. The molecular etiological mechanism still needs to be further explored and elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zou Ning
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
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10
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Zhu JY, Lee H, Huang X, van de Leemput J, Han Z. Distinct Roles for COMPASS Core Subunits Set1, Trx, and Trr in the Epigenetic Regulation of Drosophila Heart Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17314. [PMID: 38139143 PMCID: PMC10744143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complexes termed Complex of Proteins Associated with Set1 (COMPASS) are required for histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation. Drosophila Set1, Trx, and Trr form the core subunits of these complexes. We show that flies deficient in any of these three subunits demonstrated high lethality at eclosion (emergence of adult flies from their pupal cases) and significantly shortened lifespans for the adults that did emerge. Silencing Set1, trx, or trr in the heart led to a reduction in H3K4 monomethylation (H3K4me1) and dimethylation (H3K4me2), reflecting their distinct roles in H3K4 methylation. Furthermore, we studied the gene expression patterns regulated by Set1, Trx, and Trr. Each of the COMPASS core subunits controls the methylation of different sets of genes, with many metabolic pathways active early in development and throughout, while muscle and heart differentiation processes were methylated during later stages of development. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the roles of COMPASS series complex core subunits Set1, Trx, and Trr in regulating histone methylation during heart development and, given their implication in congenital heart diseases, inform research on heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-yi Zhu
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hangnoh Lee
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiaohu Huang
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joyce van de Leemput
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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11
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Yi S, Zhang X, Yang Q, Huang J, Zhou X, Qian J, Pan P, Yi S, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Tang X, Huang L, Zhang Q, Qin Z, Luo J. Clinical and molecular analysis of Guangxi patients with Kabuki syndrome and KMT2D mutations. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20223. [PMID: 37810849 PMCID: PMC10550629 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome that is characterized by postnatal growth deficiency, hypotonia, short stature, mild-to-moderate intellectual disability, skeletal abnormalities, persistence of fetal fingertip pads, and distinct facial appearance. It is mainly caused by pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the KMT2D or KDM6A genes. Here, we described the clinical features of nine sporadic KS patients with considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. In addition to intellectual disability and short stature, our patients presented with a high prevalence of motor retardation and recurrent otitis media. We recommended that KS should be strongly considered in patients with motor delay, short stature, intellectual disability, language disorder and facial deformities. Nine KMT2D variants, four of which were novel, were identified by whole-exome sequencing. The variants included five nonsense variants, two frameshift variants, one missense variant, and one non-canonical splice site variant. In addition, we reviewed the mutation types of the pathogenic KMT2D variants in the ClinVar database. We also indicated that effective mRNA analysis, using biological materials from patients, is helpful in classifying the pathogenicity of atypical splice site variants. Pedigree segregation analysis may also provide valuable information for pathogenicity classification of novel missense variants. These findings extended the mutation spectrum of KMT2D and provided new insights into the understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations, which are helpful for accurate genetic counseling and treatment optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yi
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Pediatrics Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xunzhao Zhou
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jiale Qian
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Pediatrics Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Pingshan Pan
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shang Yi
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xianglian Tang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Limei Huang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qinle Zhang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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12
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Bulut HI, Arjomandi Rad A, Syrengela AA, Ttofi I, Djordjevic J, Kaur R, Keiralla A, Krasopoulos G. A Comprehensive Review of Management Strategies for Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV): Exploring Epidemiology, Aetiology, Aortopathy, and Interventions in Light of Recent Guidelines. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:398. [PMID: 37754827 PMCID: PMC10531880 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) stands as the most prevalent congenital heart condition intricately linked to aortic pathologies encompassing aortic regurgitation (AR), aortic stenosis, aortic root dilation, and aortic dissection. The aetiology of BAV is notably intricate, involving a spectrum of genes and polymorphisms. Moreover, BAV lays the groundwork for an array of structural heart and aortic disorders, presenting varying degrees of severity. Establishing a tailored clinical approach amid this diverse range of BAV-related conditions is of utmost significance. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the epidemiology, aetiology, associated ailments, and clinical management of BAV, encompassing imaging to aortic surgery. Our exploration is guided by the perspectives of the aortic team, spanning six distinct guidelines. METHODS We conducted an exhaustive search across databases like PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Embase to extract relevant studies. Our review incorporates 84 references and integrates insights from six different guidelines to create a comprehensive clinical management section. RESULTS BAV presents complexities in its aetiology, with specific polymorphisms and gene disorders observed in groups with elevated BAV prevalence, contributing to increased susceptibility to other cardiovascular conditions. The altered hemodynamics inherent to BAV instigate adverse remodelling of the aorta and heart, thus fostering the development of epigenetically linked aortic and heart diseases. Employing TTE screening for first-degree relatives of BAV patients might be beneficial for disease tracking and enhancing clinical outcomes. While SAVR is the primary recommendation for indicated AVR in BAV, TAVR might be an option for certain patients endorsed by adept aortic teams. In addition, proficient teams can perform aortic valve repair for AR cases. Aortic surgery necessitates personalized evaluation, accounting for genetic makeup and risk factors. While the standard aortic replacement threshold stands at 55 mm, it may be tailored to 50 mm or even 45 mm based on patient-specific considerations. CONCLUSION This review reiterates the significance of considering the multifactorial nature of BAV as well as the need for further research to be carried out in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Ibrahim Bulut
- Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey;
| | | | | | - Iakovos Ttofi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (I.T.); (J.D.); (R.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Jasmina Djordjevic
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (I.T.); (J.D.); (R.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Ramanjit Kaur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (I.T.); (J.D.); (R.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Amar Keiralla
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (I.T.); (J.D.); (R.K.); (A.K.)
| | - George Krasopoulos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (I.T.); (J.D.); (R.K.); (A.K.)
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13
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Shi L, McDonald-McGinn DM, Crowley TB, McGinn DE, Tran OT, Miller D, Lin JR, Zackai E, Johnston HR, Chow EWC, Vorstman JAS, Vingerhoets C, van Amelsvoort T, Gothelf D, Swillen A, Breckpot J, Vermeesch JR, Eliez S, Schneider M, van den Bree MBM, Owen MJ, Kates WR, Repetto GM, Shashi V, Schoch K, Bearden CE, Digilio MC, Unolt M, Putotto C, Marino B, Pontillo M, Armando M, Vicari S, Angkustsiri K, Campbell L, Busa T, Heine-Suñer D, Murphy KC, Murphy D, García-Miñaúr S, Fernández L, Zhang ZD, Goldmuntz E, Gur RE, Emanuel BS, Zheng D, Marshall CR, Bassett AS, Wang T, Morrow BE. Chromatin regulators in the TBX1 network confer risk for conotruncal heart defects in 22q11.2DS. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:17. [PMID: 37463940 PMCID: PMC10354062 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affecting the conotruncal region of the heart, occurs in 40-50% of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). This syndrome is a rare disorder with relative genetic homogeneity that can facilitate identification of genetic modifiers. Haploinsufficiency of TBX1, encoding a T-box transcription factor, is one of the main genes responsible for the etiology of the syndrome. We suggest that genetic modifiers of conotruncal defects in patients with 22q11.2DS may be in the TBX1 gene network. To identify genetic modifiers, we analyzed rare, predicted damaging variants in whole genome sequence of 456 cases with conotruncal defects and 537 controls, with 22q11.2DS. We then performed gene set approaches and identified chromatin regulatory genes as modifiers. Chromatin genes with recurrent damaging variants include EP400, KAT6A, KMT2C, KMT2D, NSD1, CHD7 and PHF21A. In total, we identified 37 chromatin regulatory genes, that may increase risk for conotruncal heart defects in 8.5% of 22q11.2DS cases. Many of these genes were identified as risk factors for sporadic CHD in the general population. These genes are co-expressed in cardiac progenitor cells with TBX1, suggesting that they may be in the same genetic network. The genes KAT6A, KMT2C, CHD7 and EZH2, have been previously shown to genetically interact with TBX1 in mouse models. Our findings indicate that disturbance of chromatin regulatory genes impact the TBX1 gene network serving as genetic modifiers of 22q11.2DS and sporadic CHD, suggesting that there are some shared mechanisms involving the TBX1 gene network in the etiology of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Lijie Shi
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - T Blaine Crowley
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel E McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Oanh T Tran
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Daniella Miller
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jhih-Rong Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - H Richard Johnston
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eva W C Chow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jacob A S Vorstman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute and Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200, MD, the Netherlands
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200, MD, the Netherlands
| | - Doron Gothelf
- The Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Edmond and Lily Sapfra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, 5262000, Israel
| | - Ann Swillen
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Wendy R Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13202, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13202, USA
| | - Gabriela M Repetto
- Center for Genetics and Genomics, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7710162, Chile
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kelly Schoch
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - M Cristina Digilio
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Marta Unolt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, 00165, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Carolina Putotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Maria Pontillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Marco Armando
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, 00165, Italy
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University and Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Unit at Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Kathleen Angkustsiri
- Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Linda Campbell
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, 2258, Australia
| | - Tiffany Busa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Damian Heine-Suñer
- Genomics of Health and Unit of Molecular Diagnosis and Clinical Genetics, Son Espases University Hospital, Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, Palma de Mallorca, 07120, Spain
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 505095, Ireland
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Behavioral and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, Behavioral Genetics Clinic, National Adult Autism and ADHD Service, South London and Maudsley Foundation National Health Service Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Sixto García-Miñaúr
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, 28046, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, 28046, Spain
| | - Zhengdong D Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Department of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Christian R Marshall
- Division of Genome Diagnostics, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Anne S Bassett
- Clinical Genetics Research Program and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, Toronto General Hospital, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Bernice E Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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14
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Zhu JY, van de Leemput J, Han Z. The Roles of Histone Lysine Methyltransferases in Heart Development and Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:305. [PMID: 37504561 PMCID: PMC10380575 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10070305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic marks regulate the transcriptomic landscape by facilitating the structural packing and unwinding of the genome, which is tightly folded inside the nucleus. Lysine-specific histone methylation is one such mark. It plays crucial roles during development, including in cell fate decisions, in tissue patterning, and in regulating cellular metabolic processes. It has also been associated with varying human developmental disorders. Heart disease has been linked to deregulated histone lysine methylation, and lysine-specific methyltransferases (KMTs) are overrepresented, i.e., more numerous than expected by chance, among the genes with variants associated with congenital heart disease. This review outlines the available evidence to support a role for individual KMTs in heart development and/or disease, including genetic associations in patients and supporting cell culture and animal model studies. It concludes with new advances in the field and new opportunities for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-yi Zhu
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joyce van de Leemput
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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15
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Wigby K, Hammer M, Tokita M, Patel P, Jones MC, Larson A, Bartolomei FV, Dykzeul N, Slavotinek A, Yip T, Bandres-Ciga S, Simpson BN, Suhrie K, Shankar S, Veith R, Bragg J, Powell C, Kingsmore SF, Dimmock D, Maron J, Davis J, Del Campo M. Insights into the perinatal phenotype of Kabuki syndrome in infants identified by genome-wide sequencing. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:930-940. [PMID: 36651673 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing use of unbiased genomic sequencing in critically ill infants can expand understanding of rare diseases such as Kabuki syndrome (KS). Infants diagnosed with KS through genome-wide sequencing performed during the initial hospitalization underwent retrospective review of medical records. Human phenotype ontology terms used in genomic analysis were aggregated and analyzed. Clinicians were surveyed regarding changes in management and other care changes. Fifteen infants met inclusion criteria. KS was not suspected prior to genomic sequencing. Variants were classified as Pathogenic (n = 10) or Likely Pathogenic (n = 5) by American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Guidelines. Fourteen variants were de novo (KMT2D, n = 12, KDM6A, n = 2). One infant inherited a likely pathogenic variant in KMT2D from an affected father. Frequent findings involved cardiovascular (14/15) and renal (7/15) systems, with palatal defects also identified (6/15). Three infants had non-immune hydrops. No minor anomalies were universally documented; ear anomalies, micrognathia, redundant nuchal skin, and hypoplastic nails were common. Changes in management were reported in 14 infants. Early use of unbiased genome-wide sequencing enabled a molecular diagnosis prior to clinical recognition including infants with atypical or rarely reported features of KS while also expanding the phenotypic spectrum of this rare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Wigby
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Monia Hammer
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mari Tokita
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Priyanka Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marilyn C Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Austin Larson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Frances Velez Bartolomei
- Torre Medica del San Jorge Hospital, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Natalie Dykzeul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tiffany Yip
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brittany N Simpson
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristen Suhrie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Genetics, Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Suma Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Regan Veith
- Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer Bragg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cynthia Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Jill Maron
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jonathan Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, The Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Tufts Clinical and Translation Science Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miguel Del Campo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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16
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Shah SS, Fulton A, Jabroun M, Brightman D, Simpson BN, Bodamer OA. Insights into the genotype-phenotype relationship of ocular manifestations in Kabuki syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1325-1338. [PMID: 36891680 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
We aim to assess if genotype-phenotype correlations are present within ocular manifestations of Kabuki syndrome (KS) among a large multicenter cohort. We conducted a retrospective, medical record review including clinical history and comprehensive ophthalmological examinations of a total of 47 individuals with molecularly confirmed KS and ocular manifestations at Boston Children's Hospital and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. We assessed information regarding ocular structural, functional, and adnexal elements as well as pertinent associated phenotypic features associated with KS. For both type 1 KS (KS1) and type 2 KS (KS2), we observed more severe eye pathology in nonsense variants towards the C-terminus of each gene, KMT2D and KDM6A, respectively. Furthermore, frameshift variants appeared to be not associated with structural ocular elements. Between both types of KS, ocular structural elements were more frequently identified in KS1 compared with KS2, which only involved the optic disc in our cohort. These results reinforce the need for a comprehensive ophthalmologic exam upon diagnosis of KS and regular follow-up exams. The specific genotype may allow risk stratification of the severity of the ophthalmologic manifestation. However, additional studies involving larger cohorts are needed to replicate our observations and conduct powered analyses to more formally risk-stratify based on genotype, highlighting the importance of multicenter collaborations in rare disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj S Shah
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Fulton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mireille Jabroun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Diana Brightman
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brittany N Simpson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Olaf A Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Yasuhara J, Schultz K, Bigelow AM, Garg V. Congenital aortic valve stenosis: from pathophysiology to molecular genetics and the need for novel therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1142707. [PMID: 37187784 PMCID: PMC10175644 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1142707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is one of the most common valve anomalies and accounts for 3%-6% of cardiac malformations. As congenital AVS is often progressive, many patients, both children and adults, require transcatheter or surgical intervention throughout their lives. While the mechanisms of degenerative aortic valve disease in the adult population are partially described, the pathophysiology of adult AVS is different from congenital AVS in children as epigenetic and environmental risk factors play a significant role in manifestations of aortic valve disease in adults. Despite increased understanding of genetic basis of congenital aortic valve disease such as bicuspid aortic valve, the etiology and underlying mechanisms of congenital AVS in infants and children remain unknown. Herein, we review the pathophysiology of congenitally stenotic aortic valves and their natural history and disease course along with current management strategies. With the rapid expansion of knowledge of genetic origins of congenital heart defects, we also summarize the literature on the genetic contributors to congenital AVS. Further, this increased molecular understanding has led to the expansion of animal models with congenital aortic valve anomalies. Finally, we discuss the potential to develop novel therapeutics for congenital AVS that expand on integration of these molecular and genetic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yasuhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Correspondence: Jun Yasuhara Vidu Garg
| | - Karlee Schultz
- Medical Student Research Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amee M. Bigelow
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Correspondence: Jun Yasuhara Vidu Garg
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18
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Larson JK, Hunter‐Schlichting DN, Crowgey EL, Mills LJ, Druley TE, Marcotte EL. KMT2A‐D
pathogenicity, prevalence, and variation according to a population database. Cancer Med 2022; 12:7234-7245. [PMID: 36479909 PMCID: PMC10067056 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The KMT2 family of genes is essential epigenetic regulators promoting gene expression. The gene family contains three subgroups, each with two paralogues: KMT2A and KMT2B; KMT2C and KMT2D; KMT2F and KMT2G. KMT2A-D are among the most frequent somatically altered genes in several different cancer types. Somatic KMT2A rearrangements are well-characterized in infant leukemia (IL), and growing evidence supports the role of additional family members (KMT2B, KMT2C, and KMT2D) in leukemogenesis. Enrichment of rare heterozygous frameshift variants in KMT2A and C has been reported in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), IL, and solid tumors. Currently, the non-synonymous variation, prevalence, and penetrance of these four genes are unknown. METHODS This study determined the prevalence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline KMT2A-D variants in a cancer-free adult population from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Two methods of variant interpretation were utilized: a manual genomic variant interpretation and an automated ACMG pipeline. RESULTS The ACMG pipeline identified considerably fewer P/LP variants (n = 89) compared to the manual method (n = 660) in all 4 genes. Consequently, the total P/LP prevalence and allele frequency (AF) were higher in the manual method (1:112, AF = 4.46E-03) than in ACMG (1:832, AF = 6.01E-04). Multiple ancestry-exclusive P/LP variants were identified along with an increased frequency in males compared to females. Many of these variants identified in this population database are also associated with severe juvenile conditions. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that putatively functional germline variation in these developmentally important genes is more common than previously appreciated and identification in cancer-free adults may indicate incomplete penetrance for many of these variants. Future research should examine a genetic predisposing role in IL and other pediatric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna K. Larson
- Deparatment of Genetic Counseling University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - DeVon N. Hunter‐Schlichting
- Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | | | - Lauren J. Mills
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | | | - Erin L. Marcotte
- Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- Brain Tumor Program University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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19
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Wang YJ, Zhang X, Lam CK, Guo H, Wang C, Zhang S, Wu JC, Snyder M, Li J. Systems analysis of de novo mutations in congenital heart diseases identified a protein network in the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Cell Syst 2022; 13:895-910.e4. [PMID: 36167075 PMCID: PMC9671831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite a strong genetic component, only a few genes have been identified in congenital heart diseases (CHDs). We introduced systems analyses to uncover the hidden organization on biological networks of mutations in CHDs and leveraged network analysis to integrate the protein interactome, patient exomes, and single-cell transcriptomes of the developing heart. We identified a CHD network regulating heart development and observed that a sub-network also regulates fetal brain development, thereby providing mechanistic insights into the clinical comorbidities between CHDs and neurodevelopmental conditions. At a small scale, we experimentally verified uncharacterized cardiac functions of several proteins. At a global scale, our study revealed developmental dynamics of the network and observed its association with the hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), which was further supported by the dysregulation of the network in HLHS endothelial cells. Overall, our work identified previously uncharacterized CHD factors and provided a generalizable framework applicable to studying many other complex diseases. A record of this paper's Transparent Peer Review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Jessie Wang
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, the Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xicheng Zhang
- Department of Genetics and the Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Hongchao Guo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, the Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sai Zhang
- Department of Genetics and the Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics and the Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Jingjing Li
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, the Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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20
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Barry KK, Tsaparlis M, Hoffman D, Hartman D, Adam MP, Hung C, Bodamer OA. From Genotype to Phenotype-A Review of Kabuki Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1761. [PMID: 36292647 PMCID: PMC9601850 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare neuro-developmental disorder caused by variants in genes of histone modification, including KMT2D and KDM6A. This review assesses our current understanding of KS, which was originally named Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome, and aims to guide surveillance and medical care of affected individuals as well as identify gaps in knowledge and unmet patient needs. Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from 1981 to 2021 to identify reports related to genotype and systems-based phenotype characterization of KS. A total of 2418 articles were retrieved, and 152 were included in this review, representing a total of 1369 individuals with KS. Genotype, phenotype, and the developmental and behavioral profile of KS are reviewed. There is a continuous clinical phenotype spectrum associated with KS with notable variability between affected individuals and an emerging genotype-phenotype correlation. The observed clinical variability may be attributable to differences in genotypes and/or unknown genetic and epigenetic factors. Clinical management is symptom oriented, fragmented, and lacks established clinical care standards. Additional research should focus on enhancing understanding of the burden of illness, the impact on quality of life, the adult phenotype, life expectancy and development of standard-of-care guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K. Barry
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | | | | | - Margaret P. Adam
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christina Hung
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olaf A. Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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21
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Liu SB, Meng XM, Li YM, Wang JM, Guo HH, Wang C, Zhu BM. Histone methyltransferase KMT2D contributes to the protection of myocardial ischemic injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:946484. [PMID: 35938163 PMCID: PMC9354747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.946484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) plays an important role in cell development in early life. However, the function of KMT2D in adult cells such as cardiomyocytes or neurons has not been reported. In this study, cardiomyocyte-specific KMT2D knockout (KMT2D-cKO) and control (KMT2D-Ctl) mice were exposed to sham or myocardial ischemia (MI) surgery. Depletion of KMT2D aggravated the ischemic area, led to the increased mortality (26.5% in KMT2D-cKO vs 12.5% in KMT2D-Ctl) of the mice, and weakened the left ventricular systolic function. RNA-seq analysis in cardiac tissues identified genes whose expression was changed by MI and KMT2D deletion. Combined with the genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis, cardiac disease-associated genes Rasd1, Thsd7a, Ednra, and Tns1 were identified. The expression of the Rasd1 was significantly decreased by MI or the loss of KMT2D in vivo. Meanwhile, ChIP assays demonstrated that either MI or loss of KMT2D attenuated monomethylated H3K4 (H3K4me1) enrichment on the enhancer of Rasd1. By generating a KMT2D knockout (H9C2-KO) H9C2 monoclone, we verified that the expression of Rasd1 was controlled by KMT2D, and the expression of Rasd1 was decreased by serum starvation but not low-(O2) treatment in H9C2 cells. KMT2D has a protective effect on ischemic myocardium by regulating cardiac disease-associated genes including Rasd1. KMT2D is required for the H3K4me1 deposition on the enhancer of Rasd1. Our data for the first time suggest that KMT2D-mediated Rasd1 expression may play an important protective effect on adult cells during nutritional deficiency caused by ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Bao Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang-Min Meng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Meng Li
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun-Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Bing-Mei Zhu, ; Chaochen Wang,
| | - Bing-Mei Zhu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Bing-Mei Zhu, ; Chaochen Wang,
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22
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Montano C, Britton JF, Harris JR, Kerkhof J, Barnes BT, Lee JA, Sadikovic B, Sobreira N, Fahrner JA. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling confirms a case of low-level mosaic Kabuki syndrome 1. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2217-2225. [PMID: 35384273 PMCID: PMC9321966 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome is a Mendelian disorder of the epigenetic machinery characterized by typical dysmorphic features, intellectual disability, and postnatal growth deficiency. Pathogenic variants in the genes encoding the chromatin modifiers KMT2D and KDM6A are responsible for Kabuki syndrome 1 (KS1) and Kabuki syndrome 2 (KS2), respectively. In addition, 11 cases of KS1 caused by mosaic variants in KMT2D have been reported in the literature. Some of these individuals display milder craniofacial and growth phenotypes, and most do not have congenital heart defects. We report the case of an infant with severe hypoplastic left heart syndrome with mitral atresia and aortic atresia (HLHS MA-AA), pulmonary vein stenosis, and atypical facies with a somatic mosaic de novo nonsense variant in KMT2D (c.8200C>T, p.R2734*) identified on trio exome sequencing of peripheral blood and present in 11.2% of sequencing reads. KS was confirmed with EpiSign, a diagnostic genome-wide DNA methylation platform used to identify epigenetic signatures. This case suggests that use of this newly available clinical test can guide the interpretation of low-level mosaic variants identified through sequencing and suggests a new lower limit of mosaicism in whole blood required for a diagnosis of KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Montano
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacquelyn F Britton
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Harris
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Kerkhof
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin T Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lee
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nara Sobreira
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill A Fahrner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Abstract
Embryonic heart development is an intricate process that mainly involves morphogens, transcription factors, and cardiac genes. The precise spatiotemporal expression of these genes during different developmental stages underlies normal heart development. Thus, mutation or aberrant expression of these genes may lead to congenital heart disease (CHD). However, evidence demonstrates that the mutation of genes accounts for only a small portion of CHD cases, whereas the aberrant expression regulated by epigenetic modification plays a predominant role in the pathogenesis of CHD. In this review, we provide essential knowledge on the aberrant epigenetic modification involved in the pathogenesis of CHD. Then, we discuss recent advances in the identification of novel epigenetic biomarkers. Last, we highlight the epigenetic roles in some adverse intrauterine environment‐related CHD, which may help the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these kinds of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD
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24
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Sakaria RP, Zaveri PG, Holtrop S, Zhang J, Brown CW, Pivnick EK. Case Report: An Infant With Kabuki Syndrome, Alobar Holoprosencephaly and Truncus Arteriosus: A Case for Whole Exome Sequencing in Neonates With Congenital Anomalies. Front Genet 2021; 12:766316. [PMID: 34899850 PMCID: PMC8660850 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.766316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome is a rare multiple anomalies syndrome associated with mutations in KMT2D or KDM6A. It is characterized by infantile hypotonia, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, long palpebral fissures with everted lateral third of the lower eyelids and typical facial features. Intracranial anomalies occur infrequently in patients with KS and holoprosencephaly has only been recently described. Additionally, though congenital heart diseases are common in patients with KS, to our knowledge truncus arteriosus has never been reported in a patient with KS. We present an unusual case of KS in an infant with holoprosencephaly and truncus arteriosus with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. Duo whole exome sequencing in our patient identified a pathogenic nonsense variant in exon 10 of KMT2D (c.2782C > T; p. Gln928*) establishing the diagnosis. This report further expands the phenotypic spectrum of patients with Kabuki syndrome and emphasizes the utility of performing large scale sequencing in neonates with multiple congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika P Sakaria
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Parul G Zaveri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | | | - Jie Zhang
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Chester W Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Eniko K Pivnick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Shen L, Xu K, Kong Y, He B. Aortic coarctation with cardiac fibroma in a young patient: a case report. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS 2021; 5:ytab271. [PMID: 34708183 PMCID: PMC8543761 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytab271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiac fibroma and aortic coarctation are rarely observed concomitantly in the same patient. We report a case of cardiac fibroma with aortic coarctation treated with a hybrid surgical procedure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of these two abnormalities existing in one patient. Case summary A 22-year-old female patient visited the clinic with a 10-year history of hypertension. Physical examination revealed blood pressure of the upper extremities 50 mmHg higher than that of the lower extremities. Computed tomography angiography revealed a post-ductal-type aortic coarctation at the beginning segment of the descending aorta along with a 7.7 cm × 5.1 cm left ventricular mass. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed a mass at the middle segments of the lateral wall and apex and posterior wall of the left ventricle. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging also showed the mass with hypointense signal on T1, hyperintense signal on T2, and intense signal on late gadolinium enhancement. No evidences of metastatic lesions were observed on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. The patient underwent a hybrid surgery involving aortic stent implantation and complete left ventricular mass removal. The gradient between stenosis returned to <10 mmHg after the procedure. Pathologic findings revealed cardiac fibroma. Discussion It is rare to encounter a patient suffering from both cardiac fibroma and aortic coarctation. No evidences indicated a single cause or syndrome resulting in the coexistence of these two abnormalities. A hybrid surgery involving aortic stent implantation and complete cardiac mass resection could optimize the treatment in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ye Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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Audain E, Wilsdon A, Breckpot J, Izarzugaza JMG, Fitzgerald TW, Kahlert AK, Sifrim A, Wünnemann F, Perez-Riverol Y, Abdul-Khaliq H, Bak M, Bassett AS, Benson WD, Berger F, Daehnert I, Devriendt K, Dittrich S, Daubeney PEF, Garg V, Hackmann K, Hoff K, Hofmann P, Dombrowsky G, Pickardt T, Bauer U, Keavney BD, Klaassen S, Kramer HH, Marshall CR, Milewicz DM, Lemaire S, Coselli JS, Mitchell ME, Tomita-Mitchell A, Prakash SK, Stamm K, Stewart AFR, Silversides CK, Siebert R, Stiller B, Rosenfeld JA, Vater I, Postma AV, Caliebe A, Brook JD, Andelfinger G, Hurles ME, Thienpont B, Larsen LA, Hitz MP. Integrative analysis of genomic variants reveals new associations of candidate haploinsufficient genes with congenital heart disease. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009679. [PMID: 34324492 PMCID: PMC8354477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic studies have established a role for rare genomic variants in Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) at the copy number variation (CNV) and de novo variant (DNV) level. To identify novel haploinsufficient CHD disease genes, we performed an integrative analysis of CNVs and DNVs identified in probands with CHD including cases with sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm. We assembled CNV data from 7,958 cases and 14,082 controls and performed a gene-wise analysis of the burden of rare genomic deletions in cases versus controls. In addition, we performed variation rate testing for DNVs identified in 2,489 parent-offspring trios. Our analysis revealed 21 genes which were significantly affected by rare CNVs and/or DNVs in probands. Fourteen of these genes have previously been associated with CHD while the remaining genes (FEZ1, MYO16, ARID1B, NALCN, WAC, KDM5B and WHSC1) have only been associated in small cases series or show new associations with CHD. In addition, a systems level analysis revealed affected protein-protein interaction networks involved in Notch signaling pathway, heart morphogenesis, DNA repair and cilia/centrosome function. Taken together, this approach highlights the importance of re-analyzing existing datasets to strengthen disease association and identify novel disease genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Audain
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Wilsdon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Centre for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tomas W. Fitzgerald
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Karin Kahlert
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Sanger Institute-EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yasset Perez-Riverol
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hashim Abdul-Khaliq
- Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology—University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Mads Bak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne S. Bassett
- Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Woodrow D. Benson
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease—Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Daehnert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Centre for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Dittrich
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Piers EF Daubeney
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vidu Garg
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Karl Hackmann
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kirstin Hoff
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Hofmann
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
| | - Gregor Dombrowsky
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Pickardt
- Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bauer
- Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernard D. Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Klaassen
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Heiner Kramer
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian R. Marshall
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott Lemaire
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseph S. Coselli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Aoy Tomita-Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Siddharth K. Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karl Stamm
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexandre F. R. Stewart
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Candice K. Silversides
- Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Brigitte Stiller
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Inga Vater
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Alex V. Postma
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Almuth Caliebe
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - J. David Brook
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Justine Research Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Matthew E. Hurles
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Thienpont
- Centre for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lars Allan Larsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc-Phillip Hitz
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Yan S, Lu J, Jiao K. Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Neural Crest Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678954. [PMID: 33968946 PMCID: PMC8097001 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) is a transient, migratory cell population that contribute to the formation of major arteries and the septa and valves of the heart. Abnormal development of cNCCs leads to a spectrum of congenital heart defects that mainly affect the outflow region of the hearts. Signaling molecules and transcription factors are the best studied regulatory events controlling cNCC development. In recent years, however, accumulated evidence supports that epigenetic regulation also plays an important role in cNCC development. Here, we summarize the functions of epigenetic regulators during cNCC development as well as cNCC related cardiovascular defects. These factors include ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors, histone modifiers and DNA methylation modulators. In many cases, mutations in the genes encoding these factors are known to cause inborn heart diseases. A better understanding of epigenetic regulators, their activities and their roles during heart development will ultimately contribute to the development of new clinical applications for patients with congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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28
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Panigrahi I, Kaur P, Chaudhry C, Shariq M, Naorem DD, Gowtham BC, Kaur A, Dayal D. Short Stature Syndromes: Case Series from India. J Pediatr Genet 2021; 11:279-286. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSyndromes causing short stature include Noonan syndrome (NS), Williams syndrome, and Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS). SRS is a primordial dwarfism with genetic heterogeneity. The SRS children present with prenatal growth retardation, neonatal hypoglycemia, feeding difficulties, physical asymmetry, with scoliosis and cardiac defect in some cases. The incidence is up to 1 in 100,000. Uniparental disomy, methylation abnormalities, and variants in some genes have been found underlying such phenotype. Growth hormone therapy has been used to improve the height gain in these patients. NS has genetic heterogeneity and most patients present with short stature with or without cardiac defect. Multiple genetic variants, mostly autosomal dominant, contribute to the phenotype. With the availability of next-generation sequencing, more and more genetic disorders causing short stature are being identified in different ethnic populations like Kabuki syndrome and Nance–Horan syndrome. Here, we present some cases of SRS and other additional syndromes with dysmorphism seen in past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inusha Panigrahi
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chakshu Chaudhry
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mohd Shariq
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Devika D. Naorem
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - BC Gowtham
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupriya Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Devi Dayal
- Department of Pediatrics, APC, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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Boniel S, Szymańska K, Śmigiel R, Szczałuba K. Kabuki Syndrome-Clinical Review with Molecular Aspects. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:468. [PMID: 33805950 PMCID: PMC8064399 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare developmental disorder principally comprised of developmental delay, hypotonia and a clearly defined dysmorphism: elongation of the structures surrounding the eyes, a shortened and depressed nose, thinning of the upper lip and thickening of the lower lip, large and prominent ears, hypertrichosis and scoliosis. Other characteristics include poor physical growth, cardiac, gastrointestinal and renal anomalies as well as variable behavioral issues, including autistic features. De novo or inherited pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the KMT2D gene are the most common cause of KS and account for up to 75% of patients. Variants in KDM6A cause up to 5% of cases (X-linked dominant inheritance), while the etiology of about 20% of cases remains unknown. Current KS diagnostic criteria include hypotonia during infancy, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, typical dysmorphism and confirmed pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in KMT2D or KDM6A. Care for KS patients includes the control of physical and psychomotor development during childhood, rehabilitation and multi-specialist care. This paper reviews the current clinical knowledge, provides molecular and scientific links and sheds light on the treatment of Kabuki syndrome individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snir Boniel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Pawinskiego 3c, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Szymańska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Propaedeutic of Paediatrics and Rare Disorders, Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Szczałuba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Pawinskiego 3c, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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30
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Mone F, Eberhardt RY, Morris RK, Hurles ME, McMullan DJ, Maher ER, Lord J, Chitty LS, Giordano JL, Wapner RJ, Kilby MD. COngenital heart disease and the Diagnostic yield with Exome sequencing (CODE) study: prospective cohort study and systematic review. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 57:43-51. [PMID: 32388881 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incremental yield of antenatal exome sequencing (ES) over chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) or conventional karyotyping in prenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease (CHD). METHODS A prospective cohort study of 197 trios undergoing ES following CMA or karyotyping owing to CHD identified prenatally and a systematic review of the literature were performed. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and ClinicalTrials.gov (January 2000 to October 2019) databases were searched electronically for studies reporting on the diagnostic yield of ES in prenatally diagnosed CHD. Selected studies included those with more than three cases, with initiation of testing based upon prenatal phenotype only and that included cases in which CMA or karyotyping was negative. The incremental diagnostic yield of ES was assessed in: (1) all cases of CHD; (2) isolated CHD; (3) CHD associated with extracardiac anomaly (ECA); and (4) CHD according to phenotypic subgroup. RESULTS In our cohort, ES had an additional diagnostic yield in all CHD, isolated CHD and CHD associated with ECA of 12.7% (25/197), 11.5% (14/122) and 14.7% (11/75), respectively (P = 0.81). The corresponding pooled incremental yields from 18 studies (encompassing 636 CHD cases) included in the systematic review were 21% (95% CI, 15-27%), 11% (95% CI, 7-15%) and 37% (95% CI, 18-56%), respectively. The results did not differ significantly when subanalysis was limited to studies including more than 20 cases, except for CHD associated with ECA, in which the incremental yield was greater (49% (95% CI, 17-80%)). In cases of CHD associated with ECA in the primary analysis, the most common extracardiac anomalies associated with a pathogenic variant were those affecting the genitourinary system (23/52 (44.2%)). The greatest incremental yield was in cardiac shunt lesions (41% (95% CI, 19-63%)), followed by right-sided lesions (26% (95% CI, 9-43%)). In the majority (68/96 (70.8%)) of instances, pathogenic variants occurred de novo and in autosomal dominant (monoallelic) disease genes. The most common (19/96 (19.8%)) monogenic syndrome identified was Kabuki syndrome. CONCLUSIONS There is an apparent incremental yield of prenatal ES in CHD. While the greatest yield is in CHD associated with ECA, consideration could also be given to performing ES in the presence of an isolated cardiac abnormality. A policy of routine application of ES would require the adoption of robust bioinformatic, clinical and ethical pathways. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mone
- West Midlands Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - R K Morris
- West Midlands Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - D J McMullan
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - E R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Lord
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - L S Chitty
- London North Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - J L Giordano
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Vagelos Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R J Wapner
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Vagelos Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M D Kilby
- West Midlands Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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31
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Schwenty-Lara J, Pauli S, Borchers A. Using Xenopus to analyze neurocristopathies like Kabuki syndrome. Genesis 2020; 59:e23404. [PMID: 33351273 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neurocristopathies are human congenital syndromes that arise from defects in neural crest (NC) development and are typically associated with malformations of the craniofacial skeleton. Genetic analyses have been very successful in identifying pathogenic mutations, however, model organisms are required to characterize how these mutations affect embryonic development thereby leading to complex clinical conditions. The African clawed frog Xenopus laevis provides a broad range of in vivo and in vitro tools allowing for a detailed characterization of NC development. Due to the conserved nature of craniofacial morphogenesis in vertebrates, Xenopus is an efficient and versatile system to dissect the morphological and cellular phenotypes as well as the signaling events leading to NC defects. Here, we review a set of techniques and resources how Xenopus can be used as a disease model to investigate the pathogenesis of Kabuki syndrome and neurocristopathies in a wider sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Schwenty-Lara
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silke Pauli
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Borchers
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Höving AL, Sielemann K, Greiner JFW, Kaltschmidt B, Knabbe C, Kaltschmidt C. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals High Similarities between Adult Human Cardiac Stem Cells and Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120435. [PMID: 33271866 PMCID: PMC7761507 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the identification of a stem cell population, the comparison of transcriptome data enables the simultaneous analysis of tens of thousands of molecular markers and thus enables the precise distinction of even closely related populations. Here, we utilized global gene expression profiling to compare two adult human stem cell populations, namely neural crest-derived inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSCs) of the nasal cavity and human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs) from the heart auricle. We detected high similarities between the transcriptomes of both stem cell populations, particularly including a range of neural crest-associated genes. However, global gene expression likewise reflected differences between the stem cell populations with regard to their niches of origin. In a broader analysis, we further identified clear similarities between ITSCs, hCSCs and other adherent stem cell populations compared to non-adherent hematopoietic progenitor cells. In summary, our observations reveal high similarities between adult human cardiac stem cells and neural crest-derived stem cells from the nasal cavity, which include a shared relation to the neural crest. The analyses provided here may help to understand underlying molecular regulators determining differences between adult human stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.)
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (A.L.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Katharina Sielemann
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Graduate School DILS, Bielefeld Institute for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (BIBI), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.)
- AG Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.H.); (C.K.)
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Brücker L, Kretschmer V, May-Simera HL. The entangled relationship between cilia and actin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 129:105877. [PMID: 33166678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based sensory cell organelles that are vital for tissue and organ development. They act as an antenna, receiving and transducing signals, enabling communication between cells. Defects in ciliogenesis result in severe genetic disorders collectively termed ciliopathies. In recent years, the importance of the direct and indirect involvement of actin regulators in ciliogenesis came into focus as it was shown that F-actin polymerisation impacts ciliation. The ciliary basal body was further identified as both a microtubule and actin organising centre. In the current review, we summarize recent studies on F-actin in and around primary cilia, focusing on different actin regulators and their effect on ciliogenesis, from the initial steps of basal body positioning and regulation of ciliary assembly and disassembly. Since primary cilia are also involved in several intracellular signalling pathways such as planar cell polarity (PCP), subsequently affecting actin rearrangements, the multiple effectors of this pathway are highlighted in more detail with a focus on the feedback loops connecting actin networks and cilia proteins. Finally, we elucidate the role of actin regulators in the development of ciliopathy symptoms and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Brücker
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Viola Kretschmer
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helen Louise May-Simera
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Piro E, Schierz IAM, Antona V, Pappalardo MP, Giuffrè M, Serra G, Corsello G. Neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: case report of kabuki syndrome due to a novel KMT2D splicing-site mutation. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:136. [PMID: 32948218 PMCID: PMC7499940 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent neonatal hypoglycemia, owing to the possibility of severe neurodevelopmental consequences, is a leading cause of neonatal care admission. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is often resistant to dextrose infusion and needs rapid diagnosis and treatment. Several congenital conditions, from single gene defects to genetic syndromes should be considered in the diagnostic approach. Kabuki syndrome type 1 (MIM# 147920) and Kabuki syndrome type 2 (MIM# 300867), can be associated with neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Patient presentation We report a female Italian (Sicilian) child, born preterm at 35 weeks gestation, with persistent hypoglycemia. Peculiar facial dysmorphisms, neonatal hypotonia, and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia raised suspicion of Kabuki syndrome. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia was confirmed with glucagon test and whole-exome sequencing (WES) found a novel heterozygous splicing-site mutation (c.674-1G > A) in KMT2D gene. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia was successfully treated with diazoxide. At 3 months corrected age for prematurity, a mild global neurodevelopmental delay, postnatal weight and occipitofrontal circumference growth failure were reported. Conclusions Kabuki syndrome should be considered when facing neonatal persistent hypoglycemia. Diazoxide may help to improve hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. A multidisciplinary and individualized follow-up should be carried out for early diagnosis and treatment of severe pathological associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Piro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University Hospital "P.Giaccone", University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche, 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ingrid Anne Mandy Schierz
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University Hospital "P.Giaccone", University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche, 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Antona
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University Hospital "P.Giaccone", University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche, 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pappalardo
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Piazza N. Leotta, 4, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Giuffrè
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University Hospital "P.Giaccone", University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche, 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gregorio Serra
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University Hospital "P.Giaccone", University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche, 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University Hospital "P.Giaccone", University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche, 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
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Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is characterized by typical facial features and patients are also affected by multiple congenital anomalies, of which congenital heart anomalies (CHAs) are present in 28.0 to 80.0%. In approximately 75.0% of patients, the genetic causes of KS are caused by mutation in the KMT2D gene. Although KS is a well-characterized syndrome, reaching the diagnosis in neonates is still challenging. Namely, newborns usually display mild facial features; therefore the diagnosis is mainly based on congenital malformations. In our case, a newborn was referred for next generation sequencing (NGS) testing due to the prenatally observed CHA. After birth, a ventricular septal defect (VSD), vesicoureteral reflux, muscular hypotonia, cleft palate, mild microcephaly, and some dysmorphic features, were noted. The NGS analysis was performed on the proband’s genomic DNA using the TruSight One Sequencing Panel, which enriches exons of 4813 genes with clinical relevance to the disease. After variant calling, NGS data analysis was predominantly focused on rare variants in genes involved in VSD, microcephaly, and muscular hypotonia; features observed predominantly in our proband. With the aforementioned protocol, we were able to determine the previously unreported de novo frameshift deletion in the KMT2D gene resulting in translation termination. Although our proband is a typical representative of KS, his diagnosis was reached only after NGS analysis. Our proband thus represents the importance of genotypephenotype driven NGS analysis in diagnosis of patients with congenital anomalies.
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Murakami H, Tsurusaki Y, Enomoto K, Kuroda Y, Yokoi T, Furuya N, Yoshihashi H, Minatogawa M, Abe-Hatano C, Ohashi I, Nishimura N, Kumaki T, Enomoto Y, Naruto T, Iwasaki F, Harada N, Ishikawa A, Kawame H, Sameshima K, Yamaguchi Y, Kobayashi M, Tominaga M, Ishikiriyama S, Tanaka T, Suzumura H, Ninomiya S, Kondo A, Kaname T, Kosaki K, Masuno M, Kuroki Y, Kurosawa K. Update of the genotype and phenotype of KMT2D and KDM6A by genetic screening of 100 patients with clinically suspected Kabuki syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2333-2344. [PMID: 32803813 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome is characterized by a variable degree of intellectual disability, characteristic facial features, and complications in various organs. Many variants have been identified in two causative genes, that is, lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) and lysine demethylase 6A (KDM6A). In this study, we present the results of genetic screening of 100 patients with a suspected diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome in our center from July 2010 to June 2018. We identified 76 variants (43 novel) in KMT2D and 4 variants (3 novel) in KDM6A as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Rare variants included a deep splicing variant (c.14000-8C>G) confirmed by RNA sequencing and an 18% mosaicism level for a KMT2D mutation. We also characterized a case with a blended phenotype consisting of Kabuki syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and 16p13.11 microdeletion. We summarized the clinical phenotypes of 44 patients including a patient who developed cervical cancer of unknown origin at 16 years of age. This study presents important details of patients with Kabuki syndrome including rare clinical cases and expands our genetic understanding of this syndrome, which will help clinicians and researchers better manage and understand patients with Kabuki syndrome they may encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Murakami
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Enomoto
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kuroda
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yokoi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noritaka Furuya
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshihashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mari Minatogawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chihiro Abe-Hatano
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoto Nishimura
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Kumaki
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Enomoto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Naruto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fuminori Iwasaki
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriaki Harada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aki Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawame
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Sameshima
- Division of Medical Genetics, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahisa Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Tominaga
- Children's Medical Center, Northern Yokohama Hospital, Showa University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishikiriyama
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Cytogenetics, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Suzumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ninomiya
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Akane Kondo
- Department of Gynecology, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Masuno
- Genetic Counseling Program, Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuroki
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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Sun H, Yi T, Hao X, Yan H, Wang J, Li Q, Gu X, Zhou X, Wang S, Wang X, Wan P, Han L, Chen J, Zhu H, Zhang H, He Y. Contribution of single-gene defects to congenital cardiac left-sided lesions in the prenatal setting. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2020; 56:225-232. [PMID: 31633846 DOI: 10.1002/uog.21883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the contribution of single-gene defects to the genetic cause of cardiac left-sided lesions (LSLs), and to evaluate the incremental diagnostic yield of whole-exome sequencing (WES) for single-gene defects in fetuses with LSLs without aneuploidy or a pathogenic copy-number variant (pCNV). METHODS Between 10 April 2015 and 30 October 2018, we recruited 80 pregnant women diagnosed with a LSL who had termination of pregnancy and genetic testing. Eligible LSLs were aortic valve atresia or stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, mitral atresia or stenosis and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). CNV sequencing (CNV-seq) and WES were performed sequentially on specimens from these fetuses and their parents. CNV-seq was used to identify aneuploidies and pCNVs, while WES was used to identify diagnostic genetic variants in cases without aneuploidy or pCNV. RESULTS Of 80 pregnancies included in the study, 27 (33.8%) had a genetic diagnosis. CNV-seq analysis identified six (7.5%) fetuses with aneuploidy and eight (10.0%) with pCNVs. WES analysis of the remaining 66 cases revealed diagnostic genetic variants in 13 (19.7%) cases, indicating that the diagnostic yield of WES for the entire cohort was 16.3% (13/80). KMT2D was the most frequently mutated gene (7/66 (10.6%)) in fetuses with LSL without aneuploidy or pCNVs, followed by NOTCH1 (4/66 (6.1%)). HLHS was the most prevalent cardiac phenotype (4/7) in cases with a KMT2D mutation in this cohort. An additional six (9.1%) cases were found to have potentially deleterious variants in candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS Single-gene defects contribute substantially to the genetic etiology of fetal LSLs. KMT2D mutations accounted for approximately 10% of LSLs in our fetal cohort. WES has the potential to provide genetic diagnoses in fetuses with LSLs without aneuploidy or pCNVs. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sun
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - T Yi
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing, China
| | - X Hao
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing, China
| | - H Yan
- Baijia kangran biotechnology LLC, Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- College of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Q Li
- Baijia kangran biotechnology LLC, Beijing, China
| | - X Gu
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhou
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - P Wan
- Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - L Han
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - H Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - H Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y He
- Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect, found in up to 2% of the population and associated with a 30% lifetime risk of complications. BAV is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity due to a complex genetic architecture that involves many interacting genes. In this review, we highlight the current state of knowledge about BAV genetics, principles and methods for BAV gene discovery, clinical applications of BAV genetics, and important future directions.
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Tekendo-Ngongang C, Owosela B, Muenke M, Kruszka P. Comorbidity of congenital heart defects and holoprosencephaly is likely genetically driven and gene-specific. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:154-158. [PMID: 32022405 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidity of holoprosencephaly (HPE) and congenital heart disease (CHD) in individuals with genetic variants in known HPE-related genes has been recurrently observed. Morphogenesis of the brain and heart from very early stages are regulated by several biological pathways, some of them involved in both heart and brain development as evidenced by genetic studies on model organisms. For instance, downregulation of Hedgehog or Nodal signaling pathways, both known as major triggers of HPE, has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of CHD, including structural defects and left-right asymmetry defects. In this study, individuals with various types of HPE were investigated clinically and by genomic sequencing. Cardiac phenotypes were assessed in 434 individuals with HPE who underwent targeted sequencing. CHDs were identified in 8% (n = 33) of individuals, including 10 (30%) cases of complex heart disease. Only four individuals (4/33) had damaging variants in the known HPE genes STAG2, SIX3, and SHH. Interestingly, no CHD was identified in the 37 individuals of our cohort with pathogenic variants in ZIC2. These findings suggest that CHD occurs more frequently in HPE-affected individuals with or without identifiable genetic variants, and this co-occurrence may be genetically driven and gene-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedrik Tekendo-Ngongang
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Babajide Owosela
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Rinaldi B, Race V, Corveleyn A, Van Hoof E, Bauters M, Van Den Bogaert K, Denayer E, de Ravel T, Legius E, Baldewijns M, Aertsen M, Lewi L, De Catte L, Breckpot J, Devriendt K. Next-generation sequencing in prenatal setting: Some examples of unexpected variant association. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103875. [PMID: 32058062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The application of next-generation sequencing to fetal pathology has proved to increase the diagnostic yield in fetuses with abnormal ultrasounds. We retrospectively reviewed genetic data of 30 selected cases studied through targeted resequencing of OMIM genes. In our experience, clinical data proved to be essential to support diagnostic reasoning and enhance variants' assessment. The molecular diagnosis was reached in 19/30 (63%) cases. Only in 7/19 cases the molecular diagnosis confirmed the initial diagnostic hypothesis, showing the relevance of the genotype-first approach. According to the genotype-phenotype correlation, we were able to divide the solved cases into three groups: i) the correlation is well established but it was missed due to lack of specificity, unusual presentation or recent description; ii) the clinical presentation is much more severe than currently known for the underlying condition; iii) the correlation does not recapitulate the entire phenotype, possibly due to the fetal presentation or multiple coexisting conditions. Moreover, we found a higher proportion of recessive diagnosis in abnormal fetuses compared to cohorts of individuals with developmental delay. Our findings suggest that fetal pathology may be enriched in rare alleles and/or in unusual combinations, counter-selected in postnatal genomes and thus contributing to both phenotypic extremeness and atypical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie Race
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anniek Corveleyn
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van Hoof
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke Bauters
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Van Den Bogaert
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Denayer
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomy de Ravel
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Legius
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcella Baldewijns
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Aertsen
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Lewi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc De Catte
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Zhu N, Ding L, Fu Y, Yang Y, Chen S, Chen W, Zhao M, Zhao X, Lu Z, Ni Y, Hu Q. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte-derived MLL2 independently predicts disease-free survival for patients with early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 49:126-136. [PMID: 31660637 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MLL2 (mixed-lineage leukemia 2) is recognized as an essential role in regulating histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) in mammalian cells. It is frequently mutated to promote developmental diseases and tumor initiation. However, the expression pattern of MLL2 and its clinical significance for patients with early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain totally unknown. METHODS Eighty-five samples of primary early-stage OSCC were enrolled in this retrospective study, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the spatial pattern of MLL2. The diagnostic and prognostic value of MLL2 were assessed. RESULTS MLL2 was widely expressed in tumor cells (TCs), fibroblast-like cells (FLCs), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), both in tumor center and invasive tumor front, and showed no distributive heterogeneity. Moreover, regardless of cell types and microlocalization, patients with high expressed MLL2 had increased depth invasion of tumor (DOI). Besides, upregulation of MLL2TC and MLL2TIL in tumor center were both associated with poor differentiation, but showed no correlation with tumor growth with comparable Ki-67 levels. Prognostic analysis indicated that early-stage OSCC patients with enhanced MLL2TIL in invasive tumor front were susceptible to occur postoperative metastasis and recurrence. Indeed, patients with higher expressed MLL2TIL showed shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), and MLL2TIL in invasive tumor front was an independent risk factor of DFS. CONCLUSION TIL-derived MLL2 in invasive tumor front was an independent prognostic factor of DFS for early-stage OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxiang Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanyi Lu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingang Hu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Shangguan H, Su C, Ouyang Q, Cao B, Wang J, Gong C, Chen R. Kabuki syndrome: novel pathogenic variants, new phenotypes and review of literature. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:255. [PMID: 31727177 PMCID: PMC6854618 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study describes 5 novel variants of 7 KMT2D/KDM6A gene and summarizes the clinical manifestations and the mutational spectrum of 47 Chinese Kabuki syndrome (KS) patients. Methods Blood samples were collected for whole-exome sequencing (WES) for 7 patients and their parents if available. Phenotypic and genotypic spectra of 40 previously published unrelated Chinese KS patients were summarized. Result Genetic sequencing identified six KMT2D variants (c.3926delC, c.5845delC, c.6595delT, c.12630delG, c.16294C > T, and c.16442delG) and one KDM6A variant (c.2668-2671del). Of them, 4 variants (c.3926delC, c.5845delC, c.12630delG, and c.16442delG) in KMT2D gene and the variant (c.2668-2671del) in KDM6A gene were novel. Combining with previously published Chinese KS cases, the patients presented with five cardinal manifestations including facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, growth retardation, fingertip pads and skeletal abnormalities. In addition, 29.5% (5/17) patients had brain abnormalities, such as hydrocephalus, cerebellar vermis dysplasia, thin pituitary and white matter myelination delay, corpus callosum hypoplasia and Dandy-Walker malformation. Conclusion In this report, five novel variants in KMT2D/KDM6A genes are described. A subset of Chinese KS patients presented with brain abnormalities that were not previously reported. Our study expands the mutational and phenotypic spectra of KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakun Shangguan
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian, Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Endocrinolgy, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Qian Ouyang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian, Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Bingyan Cao
- Department of Endocrinolgy, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chunxiu Gong
- Department of Endocrinolgy, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian, Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
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43
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Rosenberg CE, Daly T, Hung C, Hsueh I, Lindsley AW, Bodamer O. Prenatal and perinatal history in Kabuki Syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:85-92. [PMID: 31654559 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a disorder of epigenetic dysregulation due to heterozygous mutations in KMT2D or KDM6A, genes encoding a lysine-specific methyltransferase or demethylase, respectively. The phenotype is highly variable, including congenital cardiac and renal anomalies, developmental delay, hypotonia, failure to thrive, short stature, and immune dysfunction. All affected individuals have characteristic facial features. As KS natural history has not been fully delineated, limited information exists on its prenatal and perinatal history. Two tertiary centers collected retrospective data from individuals with KS (N = 49) using a questionnaire followed by review of medical records. Data from 49 individuals (age range: 7 months-33 years; 37% male; 36 with KMT2D mutations, 2 with KDM6A mutations, and 11 diagnosed clinically) were examined. Polyhydramnios affected 16 of 39 (41%) pregnancies. Abnormal quad screens in four out of nine (44%) pregnancies and reduced placental weights also complicated KS pregnancies. These data comprise the first large dataset on prenatal and perinatal history in individuals with confirmed (genetically or clinically) KS. Over a third of pregnancies were complicated by polyhydramnios, possibly secondary to abnormal craniofacial structures and functional impairment of swallowing. The differential diagnosis for polyhydramnios in the absence of intrauterine growth retardation should include KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen E Rosenberg
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tara Daly
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christina Hung
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Hsueh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew W Lindsley
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Olaf Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts
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44
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Pierpont ME, Brueckner M, Chung WK, Garg V, Lacro RV, McGuire AL, Mital S, Priest JR, Pu WT, Roberts A, Ware SM, Gelb BD, Russell MW. Genetic Basis for Congenital Heart Disease: Revisited: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 138:e653-e711. [PMID: 30571578 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an updated summary of the state of our knowledge of the genetic contributions to the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease. Since 2007, when the initial American Heart Association scientific statement on the genetic basis of congenital heart disease was published, new genomic techniques have become widely available that have dramatically changed our understanding of the causes of congenital heart disease and, clinically, have allowed more accurate definition of the pathogeneses of congenital heart disease in patients of all ages and even prenatally. Information is presented on new molecular testing techniques and their application to congenital heart disease, both isolated and associated with other congenital anomalies or syndromes. Recent advances in the understanding of copy number variants, syndromes, RASopathies, and heterotaxy/ciliopathies are provided. Insights into new research with congenital heart disease models, including genetically manipulated animals such as mice, chicks, and zebrafish, as well as human induced pluripotent stem cell-based approaches are provided to allow an understanding of how future research breakthroughs for congenital heart disease are likely to happen. It is anticipated that this review will provide a large range of health care-related personnel, including pediatric cardiologists, pediatricians, adult cardiologists, thoracic surgeons, obstetricians, geneticists, genetic counselors, and other related clinicians, timely information on the genetic aspects of congenital heart disease. The objective is to provide a comprehensive basis for interdisciplinary care for those with congenital heart disease.
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45
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Serrano MDLA, Demarest BL, Tone-Pah-Hote T, Tristani-Firouzi M, Yost HJ. Inhibition of Notch signaling rescues cardiovascular development in Kabuki Syndrome. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000087. [PMID: 31479440 PMCID: PMC6743796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kabuki Syndrome patients have a spectrum of congenital disorders, including congenital heart defects, the primary determinant of mortality. Seventy percent of Kabuki Syndrome patients have mutations in the histone methyl-transferase KMT2D. However, the underlying mechanisms that drive these congenital disorders are unknown. Here, we generated and characterized zebrafish kmt2d null mutants that recapitulate the cardinal phenotypic features of Kabuki Syndrome, including microcephaly, palate defects, abnormal ear development, and cardiac defects. The cardiac phenotype consists of a previously unknown vasculogenesis defect that affects endocardium patterning and, consequently, heart ventricle lumen formation. Additionally, zebrafish kmt2d null mutants have angiogenesis defects depicted by abnormal aortic arch development, hyperactive ectopic blood vessel sprouting, and aberrant patterning of the brain vascular plexus. We demonstrate that zebrafish kmt2d null mutants have robust Notch signaling hyperactivation in endocardial and endothelial cells, including increased protein levels of the Notch transcription factor Rbpj. Our zebrafish Kabuki Syndrome model reveals a regulatory link between the Notch pathway and Kmt2d during endothelium and endocardium patterning and shows that pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling rebalances Rbpj protein levels and rescues the cardiovascular phenotype by enhancing endothelial and endocardial cell proliferation and stabilizing endocardial patterning. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that Kmt2d regulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, provide evidence for interactions between Kmt2d and Notch signaling in Kabuki Syndrome, and suggest future directions for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria de los Angeles Serrano
- Molecular Medicine Program—Neurobiology and Anatomy Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bradley L. Demarest
- Molecular Medicine Program—Neurobiology and Anatomy Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | | | - Martin Tristani-Firouzi
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - H. Joseph Yost
- Molecular Medicine Program—Neurobiology and Anatomy Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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46
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Tekendo-Ngongang C, Kruszka P, Martinez AF, Muenke M. Novel heterozygous variants in KMT2D associated with holoprosencephaly. Clin Genet 2019; 96:266-270. [PMID: 31282990 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D; OMIM 602113) encodes a histone methyltransferase involved in transcriptional regulation of the beta-globin and estrogen receptor as part of a large protein complex known as activating signal cointegrator-2-containing complex (ASCOM). Heterozygous germline mutations in the KMT2D gene are known to cause Kabuki syndrome (OMIM 147920), a developmental multisystem disorder. Neither holoprosencephaly nor other defects in human forebrain development have been previously associated with Kabuki syndrome. Here we report two patients diagnosed with alobar holoprosencephaly in their antenatal period with de novo monoallelic KMT2D variants identified by trio-based exome sequencing. The first patient was found to have a stop-gain variant c.12565G>T (p.Gly4189*), while the second patient had a missense variant c.5A>G (p.Asp2Gly). Phenotyping of each patient did not reveal any age-related feature of Kabuki syndrome. These two cases represent the first report on association between KMT2D and holoprosencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedrik Tekendo-Ngongang
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ariel F Martinez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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47
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Yang Y, Hao H, Wu X, Guo S, Liu Y, Ran J, Li T, Li D, Liu M, Zhou J. Mixed-lineage leukemia protein 2 suppresses ciliary assembly by the modulation of actin dynamics and vesicle transport. Cell Discov 2019; 5:33. [PMID: 31263570 PMCID: PMC6591415 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are critically involved in the coordination of diverse signaling pathways and ciliary defects are associated with a variety of human diseases. The past decades have witnessed great progress in the core machinery orchestrating ciliary assembly. However, the upstream epigenetic cues that direct ciliogenesis remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that mixed-lineage leukemia protein 2 (MLL2), a histone methyltransferase, plays a negative role in ciliogenesis. RNA-sequencing analysis reveals that the expression of five actin-associated proteins is significantly downregulated in MLL2-depleted cells. Overexpression of these proteins partially rescues ciliary abnormality elicited by MLL2 depletion. Our data also show that actin dynamics is remarkably changed in MLL2-depleted cells, resulting in the impairment of cell adhesion, spreading, and motility. In addition, MLL2 depletion promotes ciliary vesicle trafficking to the basal body in an actin-related manner. Together, these results reveal that MLL2 inhibits ciliogenesis by modulating actin dynamics and vesicle transport, and suggest that alteration of MLL2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of cilium-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Huijie Hao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Xiaofan Wu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Song Guo
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Yang Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Jie Ran
- 2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014 China
| | - Te Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Dengwen Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Min Liu
- 2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014 China
| | - Jun Zhou
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China.,2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014 China
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48
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Poelmann RE, Gittenberger-de Groot AC. Development and evolution of the metazoan heart. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:634-656. [PMID: 31063648 PMCID: PMC6767493 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of the evolution and development of the heart in metazoans are highlighted, starting with the evolutionary origin of the contractile cell, supposedly the precursor of cardiomyocytes. The last eukaryotic common ancestor is likely a combination of several cellular organisms containing their specific metabolic pathways and genetic signaling networks. During evolution, these tool kits diversified. Shared parts of these conserved tool kits act in the development and functioning of pumping hearts and open or closed circulations in such diverse species as arthropods, mollusks, and chordates. The genetic tool kits became more complex by gene duplications, addition of epigenetic modifications, influence of environmental factors, incorporation of viral genomes, cardiac changes necessitated by air‐breathing, and many others. We evaluate mechanisms involved in mollusks in the formation of three separate hearts and in arthropods in the formation of a tubular heart. A tubular heart is also present in embryonic stages of chordates, providing the septated four‐chambered heart, in birds and mammals passing through stages with first and second heart fields. The four‐chambered heart permits the formation of high‐pressure systemic and low‐pressure pulmonary circulation in birds and mammals, allowing for high metabolic rates and maintenance of body temperature. Crocodiles also have a (nearly) separated circulation, but their resting temperature conforms with the environment. We argue that endothermic ancestors lost the capacity to elevate their body temperature during evolution, resulting in ectothermic modern crocodilians. Finally, a clinically relevant paragraph reviews the occurrence of congenital cardiac malformations in humans as derailments of signaling pathways during embryonic development. The cardiac regulatory toolkit contains many factors including epigenetic, genetic, viral, hemodynamic, and environmental factors, but also transcriptional activators, repressors, duplicated genes, redundancies and dose‐dependancies. Numerous toolkits regulate mechanisms including cell‐cell interactions, EMT, mitosis patterns, cell migration and differentiation and left/right sidedness involved in the development of endocardial cushions, looping, septum complexes, pharyngeal arch arteries, chamber and valve formation and conduction system. Evolutionary development of the yolk sac circulation likely preceded the advent of endothermy in amniotes. Parallel evolutionary traits regulate the development of contractile pumps in various taxa often in conjunction with the gut, lungs and excretory organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Poelmann
- Institute of Biology, Department of Animal Sciences and Health, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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49
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Schwenty-Lara J, Nürnberger A, Borchers A. Loss of function of Kmt2d, a gene mutated in Kabuki syndrome, affects heart development in Xenopus laevis. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:465-476. [PMID: 30980591 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kabuki syndrome is a haploinsufficient congenital multi-organ malformation syndrome, which frequently includes severe heart defects. Mutations in the histone H3K4 methyltransferase KMT2D have been identified as the main cause of Kabuki syndrome, however, the role of KMT2D in heart development remains to be characterized. RESULTS Here we analyze the function of Kmt2d at different stages of Xenopus heart development. Xenopus Kmt2d is ubiquitously expressed at early stages of cardiogenesis, with enrichment in the anterior region including the cardiac precursor cells. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of Kmt2d led to hypoplastic hearts lacking the three-chambered structure. Analyzing different stages of cardiogenesis revealed that development of the first and second heart fields as well as cardiac differentiation were severely affected by loss of Kmt2d function. CONCLUSION Kmt2d loss of function in Xenopus recapitulates the hypoplastic heart defects observed in Kabuki syndrome patients and shows that Kmt2d function is required for the establishment of the primary and secondary heart fields. Thus, Xenopus Kmt2d morphants can be a valuable tool to elucidate the etiology of the congenital heart defects associated with Kabuki syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Schwenty-Lara
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annika Nürnberger
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Borchers
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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50
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Adam MP, Banka S, Bjornsson HT, Bodamer O, Chudley AE, Harris J, Kawame H, Lanpher BC, Lindsley AW, Merla G, Miyake N, Okamoto N, Stumpel CT, Niikawa N. Kabuki syndrome: international consensus diagnostic criteria. J Med Genet 2018; 56:89-95. [PMID: 30514738 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a clinically recognisable syndrome in which 70% of patients have a pathogenic variant in KMT2D or KDM6A. Understanding the function of these genes opens the door to targeted therapies. The purpose of this report is to propose diagnostic criteria for KS, particularly when molecular genetic testing is equivocal. METHODS An international group of experts created consensus diagnostic criteria for KS. Systematic PubMed searches returned 70 peer-reviewed publications in which at least one individual with molecularly confirmed KS was reported. The clinical features of individuals with known mutations were reviewed. RESULTS The authors propose that a definitive diagnosis can be made in an individual of any age with a history of infantile hypotonia, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, and one or both of the following major criteria: (1) a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in KMT2D or KDM6A; and (2) typical dysmorphic features (defined below) at some point of life. Typical dysmorphic features include long palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelid and two or more of the following: (1) arched and broad eyebrows with the lateral third displaying notching or sparseness; (2) short columella with depressed nasal tip; (3) large, prominent or cupped ears; and (4) persistent fingertip pads. Further criteria for a probable and possible diagnosis, including a table of suggestive clinical features, are presented. CONCLUSION As targeted therapies for KS are being developed, it is important to be able to make the correct diagnosis, either with or without molecular genetic confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret P Adam
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hans T Bjornsson
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olaf Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Albert E Chudley
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jaqueline Harris
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kawame
- Department of Education and Training, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Brendan C Lanpher
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew W Lindsley
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Constanze T Stumpel
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Norio Niikawa
- President, the Research Institute of Personalized Health Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
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