1
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Waters CD, Carlyle E, Smart V, Rege A, Bieberich CJ, Seley-Radtke KL. Proximal fleximer analogues of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-methyl purine nucleos(t)ides: Synthesis and preliminary pharmacokinetic and antiviral evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 112:117898. [PMID: 39216384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, proximal fleximer nucleos(t)ide analogues of Bemnifosbuvir were synthesized and evaluated for their potential to serve as antiviral therapeutics. The final parent flex-nucleoside and ProTide modified flex-nucleoside analogues were tested against several viral families including flaviviruses, filoviruses, and coronaviruses. Modest activity against Zaire Ebola virus was observed at 30 μM for compound ProTide modified analogue. Neither compound exhibited activity for any of the other viruses tested. The parent flex-nucleoside analogue was screened for toxicity in CD-1 mice and showed no adverse effects up to 300 mg/kg, the maximum concentration tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Waters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evan Carlyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Viviana Smart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Apurv Rege
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles J Bieberich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katherine L Seley-Radtke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Hou J, Fan H, Zhang X, Liu X, Chen J, Lv G, He S, Hai L, Yang Z, Wu Y. Organic Photoredox-Catalyzed Site-Selective Alkylation of Glycine Derivatives and Peptides via Infrequent 1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer of Amidyl Radicals. Org Lett 2024; 26:7638-7643. [PMID: 39230392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a visible-light-driven photoredox-catalyzed protocol for site-selective alkylation of glycine derivatives via 1,2-hydrogen atom transfer, which is distinguished by metal free and mild conditions, high chemoselectivity, and good functional group compatibility. This protocol provides a unique approach for synthesizing valuable α,β-diamino acid derivatives. Furthermore, the potential synthetic merit of this transformation is proven by a scale-up reaction and late-stage functionalization of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyun He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhen Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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3
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Feng S, Nguyen PTT, Ma X, Yan N. Photorefinery of Biomass and Plastics to Renewable Chemicals using Heterogeneous Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408504. [PMID: 38884612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic conversion of biomass and plastic waste provides opportunities for sustainable fuel and chemical production. Heterogeneous photocatalysts, typically composed of semiconductors with distinctive redox properties in their conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB), facilitate both the oxidative and reductive valorization of organic feedstocks. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the photorefinery of biomass and plastics from the perspective of the redox properties of photocatalysts. We explore the roles of the VB and CB in enhancing the value-added conversion of biomass and plastics via various pathways. Our aim is to bridge the gap between photocatalytic mechanisms and renewable carbon feedstock valorization, inspiring further development in photocatalytic refinery of biomass and plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Feng
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Phuc T T Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Xinbin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Centre for Hydrogen Innovations, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117580, Singapore
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4
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Li P, Zhang C, Wang J, Zhang L. Nickel-Catalyzed Secondary Benzylic C-O Bond Borylation. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39248646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
A remote steric hindrance ligand (m-tBu)2C6H3PCy2 (L1) was synthesized to promote Ni-catalyzed C-O bond activation. The reaction achieved high yields for secondary benzylic C(sp3)-O borylation in non-π-extended systems under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies indicate that the nickel complex containing 1 equiv of L1 serves as the active catalyst, while increased loading of L1 gives the inactive bisligated Ni species. Acetanilide is crucial for the cross-coupling reaction, which facilitates generation of the monoligated nickel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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5
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Paul S, Brown MK. Synthesis of Secondary Boronates via Deaminative Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Nitroso Carbamates and Boronic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408432. [PMID: 39092618 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
A strategy for transition metal-free cross-coupling of alkyl nitroso-carbamates and boronic acids is reported. The N-nitroso carbamates are easily prepared from the corresponding amine in two simple steps. This method allows for the synthesis of a wide variety of secondary boronates, benzylic boronates and formal Csp3-Csp2 cross-coupling products under operationally simple conditions. Functional group tolerance is also demonstrated and applied in the modification of lysine to make non-canonical amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashwati Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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6
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Zhang Z, Ma Q, Yang X, Zhang S, Guo K, Zhao L. A computational mechanistic study on the formation of aryl sulfonyl fluorides via Bi(III) redox-neutral catalysis and further rational design. J Comput Chem 2024. [PMID: 39240057 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Sulfonyl fluorides hold significant importance as highly valued intermediates in chemical biology due to their optimal balance of biocompatibility with both aqueous stability and protein reactivity. The Cornella group introduced a one-pot strategy for synthesizing aryl sulfonyl fluorides via Bi(III) redox-neutral catalysis, which facilitates the transmetallation and direct insertion of SO2 into the BiC(sp2) bond giving the aryl sulfonyl fluorides. We report herein a comprehensive computational investigation of the redox-neutral Bi(III) catalytic mechanism, disclose the critical role of the Bi(III) catalyst and base (i.e., K3PO4), and uncover the origin of SO2 insertion into the Bi(III)C(sp2) bond. The entire catalysis can be characterized via three stages: (i) transmetallation generating the Bi(III)-phenyl intermediate IM3 facilitated by K3PO4. (ii) SO2 insertion into IM3 leading to the formation of Bi(III)-OSOAr intermediate IM5. (iii) IM5 undergoes S(IV)-oxidation yielding the aryl sulfonyl fluoride product 4 and liberating the Bi(III) catalyst for the next catalytic cycle. Each stage is kinetically and thermodynamically feasible. Moreover, we explored other some small molecules (NO2, CO2, H2O, N2O, etc.) insertion reactions mediated by the Bi(III)-complex, and found that NO2 insertions could be easily achieved due to the low insertion barriers (i.e., 17.5 kcal/mol). Based on the detailed mechanistic study, we further rationally designed additional Bi(III) and Sb(III) catalysts, and found that some of which exhibit promising potential for experimental realization due to their low barriers (<16.4 kcal/mol). In this regard, our study contributes significantly to enhancing current Bi(III)-catalytic systems and paving the way for novel Bi(III)-catalyzed aryl sulfonyl fluoride formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Löffler J, Kaiser N, Knyszek D, Krischer F, Jörges M, Feichtner KS, Gessner VH. P,N-Coordinating Ylide-Functionalized Phosphines (NYPhos): A Ligand Platform for the Selective Monoarylation of Small Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408947. [PMID: 38899792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of small nucleophiles are of great interest, but challenging due to difficulties in selectivity control. Herein, we report the development of a new platform of P,N-ligands consisting of ylide-functionalized phosphines with aminophosphonium groups (NYPhos) to address this challenge. These phosphine ligands are easily accessible in a wide structural diversity with highly modular electronic and steric properties. Based on a family of 14 ligands the selective monoarylation of acetone as well as other challenging ketones and amides was accomplished with record-setting activities even for aryl chlorides at room temperature including late-stage functionalizations of drug molecules. Moreover, ammonia and other small primary amines could be coupled at mild conditions. Isolation and structure analyses of palladium complexes within the catalytic cycle confirmed that the P,N-coordination mode is necessary to achieve the observed selectivities. It also demonstrated the facile adjustability of the N-donor strength, which is beneficial for the targeted design of tailored P,N-ligands for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Löffler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kaiser
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Knyszek
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix Krischer
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mike Jörges
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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8
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Yu K, Ward TR. C-H functionalization reactions catalyzed by artificial metalloenzymes. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 258:112621. [PMID: 38852295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
CH functionalization, a promising frontier in modern organic chemistry, facilitates the direct conversion of inert CH bonds into many valuable functional groups. Despite its merits, traditional homogeneous catalysis, often faces challenges in efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability towards this transformation. In this context, artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs), resulting from the incorporation of a catalytically-competent metal cofactor within an evolvable protein scaffold, bridges the gap between the efficiency of enzymatic transformations and the versatility of transition metal catalysis. Accordingly, ArMs have emerged as attractive tools for various challenging catalytic transformations. Additionally, the coming of age of directed evolution has unlocked unprecedented avenues for optimizing enzymatic catalysis. Taking advantage of their genetically-encoded protein scaffold, ArMs have been evolved to catalyze various CH functionalization reactions. This review delves into the recent developments of ArM-catalyzed CH functionalization reactions, highlighting the benefits of engineering the second coordination sphere around a metal cofactor within a host protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland.
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9
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Sun Y, Zhao T, Wang H, Pan Y, Huang L, Feng H. Precision Propargylic Substitution Reaction: Pd-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling of Nonactivated Propargylamines with Boronic Acids. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39215753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is an efficient approach for C-C bond construction. Here we report a deaminative Suzuki-Miyaura reaction to achieve chemo- and regioselectivity in the cross-coupling of nonactivated propargylamines with boronic acids, in which methyl propiolate is introduced to promote the cleavage of the C-N bond to form the C-C bond. This method features a wide range of substrates, good functional group tolerance, and ease of operation, providing an alternative approach to accessing valuable propargylated aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Haixiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ya Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Liliang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Huangdi Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
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10
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Sephton T, Large JM, Natrajan LS, Butterworth S, Greaney MF. XAT-Catalysis for Intramolecular Biaryl Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407979. [PMID: 38818676 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Radical ipso-substitution offers an alternative to organometallic approaches for biaryl synthesis, but usually requires stoichiometric reagents such as tributyltin hydride. Here, we demonstrate that visible light photoredox catalysis can be used for ipso-biaryl synthesis, via a halogen-atom transfer (XAT) regime. Using amide substrates that promote ipso- over unwanted ortho-addition, we demonstrate smooth biaryl formation with no constraint on the electronic character of the migrating arene ring. The photoreaction can be combined in one operation to achieve a formal arylation of the inert aniline C-N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sephton
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jonathan M Large
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Louise S Natrajan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sam Butterworth
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael F Greaney
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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11
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Mechrouk V, Bissessar D, Egly J, Parmentier J, Bellemin-Laponnaz S. Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Complexes Supported by Phosphorus Ligands Obtained Using Hydrophosphination of Cyclic Internal Alkenes. Molecules 2024; 29:3946. [PMID: 39203024 PMCID: PMC11356854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The design and study of rich, bulky phosphorus ligands is a key area of research for homogeneous catalysis. Here, we describe an original strategy using a hydrophosphination reaction to produce phosphines of interest for coordination chemistry and homogenous catalysis. In particular, the phosphine obtained by reacting diphenylphosphine with acenaphthylene (ligand 2) gives a ligand that adopts an unusual spatial geometry. The coordination chemistry of the ligand has been investigated with Au(I), Ag(I), Cu(I), and Pd(II), for which a complete characterization could be made, particularly in X-ray diffraction studies. The reactivity of some of these complexes has been demonstrated, particularly in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and Au-catalyzed hydroaminations and in the hydration of alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, CEDEX 2, 67034 Strasbourg, France
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12
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Chen J, Lin Y, Wu WQ, Hu WQ, Xu J, Shi H. Amination of Aminopyridines via η 6-Coordination Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22906-22912. [PMID: 39120946 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Pyridine, a widespread aromatic heterocycle, features a sp2-hybridized nitrogen atom that can readily coordinate to metals, leading to distinctive achievements in catalysis. In stark contrast, π-coordination of pyridine and derivatives with transition metals is notably scarce, and the involvement of such activation mode in catalysis remains to be developed. Herein, we present amination reactions of aminopyridines that leverages the reversible π coordination with a ruthenium catalyst as the arenophilic π acid, rather than relying on the conventional κ-N coordination. Specifically, a transient η6-pyridine complex functions as the electrophile in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution with amines, providing a diverse array of products via the cleavage of the pyridyl C-N bond. In addition, this method can be employed to incorporate chiral amines and 15N-labeled amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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13
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Álvarez-Constantino AM, Chaves-Pouso A, Fañanás-Mastral M. Enantioselective Allylboration of Acetylene: A Versatile Tool for the Stereodivergent Synthesis of Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407813. [PMID: 38860849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Efficient catalytic methods that allow the use of simple and abundant chemical feedstocks for the preparation of synthetically versatile compounds are central to modern synthetic chemistry. Acetylene is a basic feedstock with a remarkable production over one million tons per year, although it is underutilized in the stereoselective synthesis of fine chemicals. Here we report a facile catalytic multicomponent reaction that allows for the enantio- and diastereoselective allylboration of acetylene gas. This process is catalyzed by a chiral copper catalyst, operates without specialized equipment or pressurization, and provides chiral skipped dienes bearing stereodefined and orthogonally functionalized olefins with excellent levels of chemo-, regio-, enantio- and diastereoselectivity. The combined stereochemical features and orthogonal functionalization make the products privileged structural scaffolds to access the complete set of stereoisomers of the chiral skipped diene core through simple enantio- and diastereodivergent pathways. The utility of the method is demonstrated with the enantioselective synthesis of three bioactive natural skipped diene products, namely (+)-Nyasol, (+)-Hinokiresinol and Phorbasin C, and other related synthetically relevant chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M Álvarez-Constantino
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrea Chaves-Pouso
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Martín Fañanás-Mastral
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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14
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Usteri ME, Giannakakis G, Bugaev A, Pérez-Ramírez J, Mitchell S. Understanding and Controlling Reactivity Patterns of Pd 1@C 3N 4-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Couplings. ACS Catal 2024; 14:12635-12646. [PMID: 39169911 PMCID: PMC11334102 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c03531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Using heterogeneous single-atom catalysts (SACs) in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) has promising economic and environmental benefits over traditionally applied palladium complexes. However, limited mechanistic understanding hinders progress in their design and implementation. Our study provides critical insights into the working principles of Pd1@C3N4, a promising SAC for the SMC. We demonstrate that the base, ligand, and solvent play pivotal roles in facilitating interface formation with reaction media, activating Pd centers, and modulating competing reaction pathways. Controlling the previously overlooked interplay between base strength, reagent solubility, and surface wetting is essential for mitigating mass transfer limitations in the triphasic reaction system and promoting catalyst reusability. Optimum conditions for Pd1@C3N4 require polar solvents, intermediate base strength, and increased water content. Our investigations reveal that high selectivity requires minimizing competitive coordination of bases and phosphine ligands to the Pd centers, to avoid homocoupling and alternative reductive elimination mechanisms giving rise to phosphonium side-products. Furthermore, in situ XAS investigations probing electronic structures and coordination environments of Pd sites further rationalize the base and ligand coordination, confirming and expanding upon previous computational hypotheses for Pd1@C3N4. This understanding allows for designing a more selective ligand-free reaction pathway using the solvent and base to modulate the chemical environment of the active sites. We highlight the importance of environment-compatible surface tension, the creation of coordinatively available active sites, and the stabilization of partially reduced Pd centers, emphasizing the importance of mechanistic studies to advance the design of SACs in organic liquid phase reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Eduard Usteri
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute
of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Giannakakis
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute
of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Aram Bugaev
- Paul
Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse
111, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute
of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Mitchell
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute
of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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15
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Cai I, Malig TC, Kurita KL, Derasp JS, Sirois LE, Hein JE. Investigating the Origin of Epimerization Attenuation during Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2024; 14:12331-12341. [PMID: 39169902 PMCID: PMC11334108 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c03401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings remain among the most robust methodologies to form carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. In particular, carbon-nitrogen (C-N) couplings (Buchwald-Hartwig aminations) find widespread use in fine chemicals industries. The use of base in these reactions is critical for catalyst activation and proton sequestration. Base selection also plays an important role in process design, as strongly basic conditions can impact sensitive stereocenters and result in erosion of stereochemical purity. Herein we investigate the role of a Pd catalyst in suppressing base-mediated epimerization of a sultam stereocenter during a C-N cross-coupling reaction to access the RORγ inhibitor GDC-0022. Online high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was employed to acquire reaction time course profiles and to delineate epimerization behavior, identify decomposition pathways, and monitor Pd-containing species. Our ability to monitor organopalladium complexes in real time by HPLC-MS provided strong evidence that the degree of epimerization was correlated to the Pd speciation in solution. Specifically, Pd(II) complexes were associated with mitigating epimerization of six-membered sultams. Additional studies showed that the suppression of epimerization in the presence of Pd(II) can impact Pd-catalyzed reactions of other substrates such as enolizable ketones, thus providing practical insight on the execution and optimization of such processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Cai
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Thomas C. Malig
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kenji L. Kurita
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joshua S. Derasp
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Sirois
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason E. Hein
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5020, Norway
- Acceleration
Consortium, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X6, Canada
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16
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Yue F, Li M, Yang K, Song H, Liu Y, Wang Q. Deboronative functionalization of alkylboron species via a radical-transfer strategy. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc02889a. [PMID: 39144459 PMCID: PMC11320062 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02889a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
With advances in organoboron chemistry, boron-centered functional groups have become increasingly attractive. In particular, alkylboron species are highly versatile reagents for organic synthesis, but the direct generation of alkyl radicals from commonly used, bench-stable boron species has not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we describe a method for activating C-B bonds by nitrogen- or oxygen-radical transfer that is applicable to alkylboronic acids and esters and can be used for both Michael addition reactions and Minisci reactions to generate alkyl or arylated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Kangkang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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17
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Zeng K, Zhang P, Song X, Chen TG, Xia G. Deoxygenative radical cross-coupling of C(sp 3)-O/C(sp 3)-H bonds promoted by hydrogen-bond interaction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6745. [PMID: 39117625 PMCID: PMC11310525 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Building C(sp3)-rich architectures using simple and readily available starting materials will greatly advance modern drug discovery. C(sp3)-H and C(sp3)-O bonds are commonly used to strategically disassemble and construct bioactive compounds, respectively. However, the direct cross coupling of these two chemical bonds to form C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds is rarely explored in existing literature. Conventional methods for forming C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds via radical-radical coupling pathways often suffer from poor selectivity, severely limiting their practicality in synthetic applications. In this study, we present a single electron transfer (SET) strategy that enables the cleavage of amine α-C - H bonds and heterobenzylic C - O bonds to form C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal a hydrogen bond interaction between substrates and phosphoric acid facilitates the cross-coupling of two radicals with high chemoselectivity. This methodology provides an effective approach to a variety of aza-heterocyclic unnatural amino acids and bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Suping Zhang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Pengli Zhang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xiaorong Song
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Tie-Gen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China.
| | - Guoqin Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China.
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18
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Mandal T, Chaturvedi A, Azim A, Maji R, De Sarkar S. Earth-Abundant Recyclable Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Green-light Mediated C-H Arylation in Heterogeneous Phase. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401617. [PMID: 38788130 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A magnetically isolable iron oxide nanoparticles is introduced as an efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst for non-directed C-H arylation employing aryl diazonium salts as the aryl precursors. This first-row transition metal-based photocatalyst revealed versatile activities and is applicable to a wide range of substrates, demonstrating brilliant efficacy and superior recyclability. Detailed catalytic characterization describes the physical properties and redox behavior of the Fe-catalyst. Adequate control experiments helped to establish the radical-based mechanism for the C-H arylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanumoy Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Ashwin Chaturvedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Aznur Azim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Rohan Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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19
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Govada GV, Pal S, Panjacharam P, Bhatt HS, Kumar S, Lin CC, Wang SK, Reddy SR. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Site-Selective Cross Coupling Reaction: Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Aryl-Formyl-Chromenes and its Iminoantipyrine Analogues as Selective AChE Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400719. [PMID: 38958461 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A versatile and efficient chemo selective synthesis of 4-aryl-3-formyl-2H-chromenes (AFC) was undertaken using Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling conditions. The key oxidative transmetalation was successfully applied to a significant range of substitutions on the chromene moiety and aryl ring in Ar(BOH)3, accommodating both electron-rich and electron-deficient groups. These π-extended scaffolds exhibited green-yellow fluorescence with a large Stokes shift and high quantum yield. Measurement of photophysical properties revealed that the compound with methoxy substitution in the chromene ring, 3t, caused a significant bathochromic shift. The AFCs obtained from this method can be transformed into biologically active 4-aryl-3-iminoantipyrine-2H-chromenes (AAC) through functionalization of the formyl chromenes. The AFCs and AACs with methoxy substitutions (3t and 4e) were docked against AChE inhibition, and compound 4e had the lowest binding energy of -11.20 kcal/mol. DFT calculations performed on representative compounds revealed that compound 4e is more reactive than 3t, which is in accordance with the docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Victoria Govada
- Advanced Catalysis laboratory, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Sanjivani Pal
- Advanced Catalysis laboratory, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Paranimuthu Panjacharam
- Advanced Catalysis laboratory, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Harshil Samir Bhatt
- Centre for Bio Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Sanjit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central university), Bilaspur, India
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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20
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Fan F, Peng Y, Zhang X, Wang S, Luo Z, Luo M, Zeng X. Metal-carbene-guided twofold cross-coupling of ethers with chromium catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6455. [PMID: 39085244 PMCID: PMC11292013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coupling by metal-carbene transfer enables the formation of several different bonds at the carbenoid site, enabling prochiral Csp3 centers that are fundamental three-dimensional substructures for medicines to be forged with increased efficiency. However, strategies using bulk chemicals are rare because of the challenge of breaking two unactivated geminal bonds. Herein, we report the reactivity of ethers to form metal-carbene intermediate by cleavage of α-Csp3-H/Csp3-O bonds, which achieve selective coupling with arylmagnesium bromides and chlorosilanes. These couplings are catalysed by cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene-chromium complex and enable the one-step formation of 1,n-arylsilyl alcohols and α-arylated silanes. Mechanistic studies indicate that the in-situ formed low-valent Cr might react with iodobenzene to form phenyl radical species, which abstracts the α-H atom of ether in giving α-oxy radical. The latter combines with Cr by breaking α-Csp3-O bond to afford metal-carbene intermediate, which couples with aryl Grignard and chlorosilane to form two σ-bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Meiming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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21
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De Snoo W, Kong WY, Tantillo DJ. Allyl-Allyl Coupling Promoted by Catalyst Systems with two Palladium Atoms - A Plethora of Potentially Pericyclic Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406095. [PMID: 38709849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Recently, Huang and co-workers reported a catalytic reaction that utilizes H2 as the sole reductant for a C-C coupling of allyl groups with yields up to 96 %. Here we use computational quantum chemistry to identify several key features of this reaction that provide clarity on how it proceeds. We propose the involvement of a Pd-Pd bound dimer precatalyst, demonstrate the importance of ligand π-π interactions and counterions, and identify a new, energetically viable, mechanism involving two dimerized, outer-sphere reductive elimination transition structures that determine both the rate and selectivity. Although we rule out the previously proposed transmetalation step on energetic grounds, we show it to have an unusual aromatic transition structure in which two Pd atoms support rearranging electrons. The prevalence of potential metal-supported pericyclic reactions in this system suggests that one should consider such processes regularly, but the results of our calculations also indicate that one should do so with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- William De Snoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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22
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Perry G, Schley ND. Bis(bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)chlorophosphine as a Precursor for the Preparation of Bis(bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)phosphines. Org Lett 2024; 26:6071-6075. [PMID: 38735051 PMCID: PMC11287751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Dialkylchlorophosphines are among the most versatile building blocks for tertiary phosphine ligands, but their synthesis relies on the nucleophilic substitution of PCl3, leaving substituents that require P-H precursors largely inaccessible. The primary phosphine reagent iPr2NPH2·BH3 can serve as a doubly protected PH2Cl proxy, enabling the synthesis of bis(bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)chlorophosphine (Bcp2PCl) for the first time. Bcp2PCl serves as a general reagent for the preparation of a family of bis(bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl) alkyl- and arylphosphines, including new members of privileged phosphine ligand scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin
L. Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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23
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Cook A, Kassymbek A, Vaezghaemi A, Barbery C, Newman SG. An S N1-Approach to Cross-Coupling: Deoxygenative Arylation Facilitated by the β-Silicon Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19929-19938. [PMID: 39002160 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
We report a dual metal-catalyzed method for the cross-coupling of unprotected alcohols by exploiting the β-Si effect. This deoxygenative Suzuki-Miyaura reaction tolerates a range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol substrates along with diverse functional groups and heterocycles. Mechanistic experiments including KIE, VTNA, and Eyring analyses suggest the existence of a carbocation intermediate on the reaction pathway, consistent with a rare SN1 pathway for the activation of an electrophile in cross-coupling reactions. A novel bis-imidazolium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand was found to be optimal for reactivity, and nickel(0)-, nickel(I)- and nickel(II)- complexes of this ligand were isolated and characterized. In contrast to more well-established shorter chain ligands, these long-chain NHCs are found to have characteristically large bite angles, which may be critical for enabling the deoxygenative arylation of aliphatic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Aishabibi Kassymbek
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Aref Vaezghaemi
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Carlos Barbery
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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24
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Roy S, Wang Y, Zhao X, Dayananda T, Chu JM, Zhang Y, Fasan R. Stereodivergent Synthesis of Pyridyl Cyclopropanes via Enzymatic Activation of Pyridotriazoles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19673-19679. [PMID: 39008121 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Hemoproteins have recently emerged as powerful biocatalysts for new-to-nature carbene transfer reactions. Despite this progress, these strategies have remained largely limited to diazo-based carbene precursor reagents. Here, we report the development of a biocatalytic strategy for the stereoselective construction of pyridine-functionalized cyclopropanes via the hemoprotein-mediated activation of pyridotriazoles (PyTz) as stable and readily accessible carbene sources. This method enables the asymmetric cyclopropanation of a variety of olefins, including electron-rich and electrodeficient ones, with high activity, high stereoselectivity, and enantiodivergent selectivity, providing access to mono- and diarylcyclopropanes that incorporate a pyridine moiety and thus two structural motifs of high value in medicinal chemistry. Mechanistic studies reveal a multifaceted role of 7-halogen substitution in the pyridotriazole reagent toward favoring multiple catalytic steps in the transformation. This work provides the first example of asymmetric olefin cyclopropanation with pyridotriazoles, paving the way to the exploitation of these attractive and versatile reagents for enzyme-catalyzed carbene-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Thakshila Dayananda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Jia-Min Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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25
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Montgomery HR, Spokoyny AM, Maynard HD. Organometallic Oxidative Addition Complexes for S-Arylation of Free Cysteines. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:883-889. [PMID: 38914957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Development of bioconjugation strategies to efficiently modify biomolecules is of key importance for fundamental and translational scientific studies. Cysteine S-arylation is an approach which is becoming more popular due to generally rapid kinetics and high chemoselectivity, as well as the strong covalently bonded S-aryl linkage created in these processes. Organometallic approaches to cysteine S-arylation have been explored that feature many advantages compared to their more traditional organic counterparts. In this Viewpoint, progress in the use of Au(III) and Pd(II) oxidative addition (OA) complexes for stoichiometric cysteine S-arylation is presented and discussed. A focus is placed on understanding the rapid kinetics of these reactions under mild conditions, as well as the ability to generate biomolecular heterostructures. Potential avenues for further exploration are addressed and usefulness of these methods to the practitioner are emphasized in the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles California 90095-1569, United States
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26
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Ji H, Ma Y, Zhang J, Xing F, Liu C. Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of carboxylic-phosphoric anhydrides via C-O bond cleavage. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5578-5584. [PMID: 38895804 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A robust palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of carboxylic-phosphoric anhydrides via highly selective C(O)-O bond cleavage under inorganic base-free conditions has been reported. Carboxylic-phosphoric anhydrides, generated through activating carboxylic acids using phosphates by esterification or direct dehydrogenative reaction with phosphites, have been employed as highly reactive electrophiles for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance have been demonstrated to be a general and practical approach for the synthesis of highly valuable ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyao Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yilin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jianwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Feifei Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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27
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Zurakowski JA, Durfy CS, Stocek NB, Fanchini G, Drover MW. Oxidatively-induced C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) bond formation at a tucked-in iron(iii) complex. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10359-10365. [PMID: 38994411 PMCID: PMC11234878 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon-carbon (C-C) bond formation is a cornerstone of synthetic chemistry, relying on routes such as transition-metal mediated cross-coupling for the introduction of new carbon-based functionality. For {[M] n+-C} (M = metal) structural units, studies that offer well-defined relationships between metal oxidation state, hydrocarbon strain, and {[M] n+-C} bond thermochemistry are thus informative, providing a means to reliably access new product classes. Here, we show that one-electron oxidation of the iron tucked-in complex [(η6-C5Me4[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2)Fe(dnppe)] (dnppe = 1,2-bis(di-n-propylphosphino)ethane) results in C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation giving unique {Fe2} dimers. Freeze-quenched CW X-band EPR spectroscopy allowed for spectroscopic identification of the reactive [(η6-C5Me4[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2)Fe(dnppe)]+ intermediate. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a primarily Fe-centered radical and a weak {[Fe]-C} bond (BDE[Fe]-C = 24.5 kcal mol-1, c.f. BDEC-C(ethane) = 90 kcal mol-1). For comparison, a structurally analogous Fe(iii) methyl complex was prepared, [Cp*Fe(dnppe)(CH3)]+ (Cp* = C5Me5 -), where C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling was not observed, consistent with a larger calculated BDE[Fe]-C value of 47.8 kcal mol-1. These data are analogized to the simple hydrocarbons ethane and cyclopropane, where a strain-induced BDEC-C decrease of 33 kcal mol-1 is witnessed on cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Zurakowski
- Department of Chemistry, Western University 1151 Richmond Street London ON N8K 3G6 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Connor S Durfy
- Department of Chemistry, Western University 1151 Richmond Street London ON N8K 3G6 Canada
| | - Noah B Stocek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University 1151 Richmond Street London ON N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Giovanni Fanchini
- Department of Chemistry, Western University 1151 Richmond Street London ON N8K 3G6 Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University 1151 Richmond Street London ON N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Marcus W Drover
- Department of Chemistry, Western University 1151 Richmond Street London ON N8K 3G6 Canada
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28
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Huang X, Yi C, Bai M, Tang Y, Xu S, Li Y. Ruthenium and Iodine Anion Cocatalyzed Cascade Dihalogenation and Cyclization of Internal Alkyne-Tethered Cyclohexadienones with 1,2-Dihaloethanes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9686-9694. [PMID: 38907735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
We have established an efficient ruthenium(II) and iodine anion cocatalyzed dihalogenation and cascade cyclization of internal alkyne-tethered cyclohexadienones, which stereoselectively afforded numerous dihalogenation products with a bioactive hydrobenzofuran skeleton in high yields under mild conditions. In this transformation, the reaction pathway was determined by the concentration of electrophilic iodine reagent, which also provided a strategy for control of the reaction selectivity. Furthermore, this method features the use of 1,2-dihaloroethane as the halogen source via iodine anion catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Cui Yi
- Department of Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Meiqi Bai
- Department of Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuhai Tang
- Department of Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Silong Xu
- Department of Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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29
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Zhao H, Ravn AK, Haibach MC, Engle KM, Johansson Seechurn CCC. Diversification of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Processes: Taking the Plunge into the Non-PGM Catalyst Pool. ACS Catal 2024; 14:9708-9733. [PMID: 38988647 PMCID: PMC11232362 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent global events have led to the cost of platinum group metals (PGMs) reaching unprecedented heights. Many chemical companies are therefore starting to seriously consider and evaluate if and where they can substitute PGMs for non-PGMs in their catalytic processes. This review covers recent highly relevant applications of non-PGM catalysts in the modern pharmaceutical industry. By highlighting these selected successful examples of non-PGM-catalyzed processes from the literature, we hope to emphasize the enormous potential of non-PGM catalysis and inspire further development within this field to enable this technology to progress toward manufacturing processes. We also present some historical contexts and review the perceived advantages and challenges of implementing non-PGM catalysts in the pharmaceutical manufacturing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Sinocompound
Catalysts, Building C,
Bonded Area Technology Innovation Zone, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215634, China
| | - Anne K. Ravn
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael C. Haibach
- Process
Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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30
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Tegudeer Z, Moon J, Wright J, Das M, Rubasinghege G, Xu W, Gao WY. Generic and facile mechanochemical access to versatile lattice-confined Pd(ii)-based heterometallic sites. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10126-10134. [PMID: 38966377 PMCID: PMC11220583 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01918k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show remarkable potential in a broad array of applications given their physical and chemical versatility. Classical synthesis of MOFs is performed using solution chemistry at elevated temperatures to achieve reversible metal-ligand bond formation. These harsh conditions may not be suitable for chemical species sensitive to high temperature or prone to deleterious reactions with solvents. For instance, Pd(ii) is susceptible to reduction under solvothermal conditions and is not a common metal node of MOFs. We report a generic and facile mechanochemical strategy that directly incorporates a series of Pd(ii)-based heterobimetallic clusters into MOFs as metal nodes without Pd(ii) being reduced to Pd(0). Mechanochemistry features advantages of short reaction time, minimum solvent, high reaction yield, and high degree of synthetic control. Catalytic performances of lattice-confined heterobimetallic sites are examined for nitrene transfer reactions and we demonstrate that the chemoselectivity for allylic amination versus olefin aziridination is readily tuned by the identity of the first-row metal ion in Pd(ii)-based heterobimetallic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jisue Moon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - Joshua Wright
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Illinois 60616 USA
| | - Milton Das
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro New Mexico 87801 USA
| | - Gayan Rubasinghege
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro New Mexico 87801 USA
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Wen-Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University Athens Ohio 45701 USA
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31
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González-Fernández E, Marinus N, Dhankhar J, Linden A, Čorić I. Control over Anion Coordination on Pd(II), Cu(I), and Ag(I) with Regioisomeric Phosphine-Carboxylate Ligands. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401215. [PMID: 38688855 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The coordination of anionic donors is involved at various stages of catalytic cycles in transition-metal catalysis, but control over the spatial positioning of anions around a metal center is a challenge in coordination chemistry. Here we show that regioisomeric phosphine-carboxylate ligands provide spatial anion control on palladium(II) centers by favoring either κ2, cis-κ1, or trans-κ1 coordination of the carboxylate donor. Additionally, the palladium(II) carboxylates, which contain a methyl donor, upon protonation, deliver metal-alkyl complexes that feature a coordinated carboxylic acid. Such complexes can be considered as models for the minima that follow the concerted metalation-deprotonation transition state for C-H activation. The predictability of the coordination modes is further demonstrated on silver(I) and copper(I) centers, for which less common structures of mononuclear and dinuclear complexes can be obtained by using spatial anion control. Our results demonstrate the potential for spatial control over carboxylate anions in coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa González-Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Nittert Marinus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jyoti Dhankhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Ilija Čorić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
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32
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Font P, Valdés H, Ribas X. Consolidation of the Oxidant-Free Au(I)/Au(III) Catalysis Enabled by the Hemilabile Ligand Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405824. [PMID: 38687322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In this minireview we survey the challenges and strategies in gold redox catalysis. Gold's reluctance to oxidative addition reactions due to its high redox potential limits its applicability. Initial attempts to overcome this problem focused on the use of sacrificial external oxidants in stoichiometric amounts to bring Au(I) compounds to Au(III) reactive species. Recently, innovative approaches focused on employing hemilabile ligands, which are capable of coordinating to Au(I) and stabilizing square-planar Au(III) intermediates, thus facilitating oxidative addition steps and enabling oxidant-free catalysis. Notable examples include the use of the (P^N) bidendate MeDalphos ligand to achieve various cross-coupling reactions via oxidative addition Au(I)/Au(III). Importantly, hemilabile ligand-enabled catalysis allows merging oxidative addition with π-activation, such as oxy- and aminoarylation of alkenols and alkenamines using organohalides, expanding gold's versatility in C-C and C-heteroatom bond formations and unprecedented cyclizations. Moreover, recent advancements in enantioselective catalysis using chiral hemilabile (P^N) ligands are also surveyed. Strikingly, versatile bidentate (C^N) hemilabile ligands as competitors of MeDalphos have appeared recently, by designing scaffolds where phosphine groups are substituted by N-heterocyclic or mesoionic carbenes. Overall, these approaches highlight the evolving landscape of gold redox catalysis and its tremendous potential in a broad scope of transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Font
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona, E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hugo Valdés
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona, E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
- Current address: Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona, E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
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33
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McArthur G, Docherty JH, Hareram MD, Simonetti M, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Douglas JJ, Larrosa I. An air- and moisture-stable ruthenium precatalyst for diverse reactivity. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1141-1150. [PMID: 38570728 PMCID: PMC11230907 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Versatile, efficient and robust (pre)catalysts are pivotal in accelerating the discovery and optimization of chemical reactions, shaping diverse synthetic fields such as cross-coupling, C-H functionalization and polymer chemistry. Yet, their scarcity in certain domains has hindered the advancement and adoption of new applications. Here we present a highly reactive air- and moisture-stable ruthenium precatalyst [(tBuCN)5Ru(H2O)](BF4)2, featuring a key exchangeable water ligand. This versatile precatalyst drives an array of transformations, including late-stage C(sp2)-H arylation, primary/secondary alkylation, methylation, hydrogen/deuterium exchange, C(sp3)-H oxidation, alkene isomerization and oxidative cleavage, consistently outperforming conventionally used ruthenium (pre)catalysts. The generality and applicability of this precatalyst is exemplified through the potential for rapid screening and optimization of photocatalytic reactions with a suite of in situ generated ruthenium photocatalysts containing hitherto unknown complexes, and through the rapid discovery of reactivities previously unreported for ruthenium. The diverse applicability observed is suggestive of a generic platform for reaction simplification and accelerated synthetic discovery that will enable broader applicability and accessibility to state-of-the-art ruthenium catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie H Docherty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Marco Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- bp, Low Carbon Innovation Centre, Saltend Chemicals Park, Hull, UK
| | | | - James J Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Igor Larrosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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34
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Wang WL, Zhang ZC, Yu D, Ni BL, Sun WM. Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Al 12M (M = Be, Al, C, and P) Superatoms with Different Numbers of Valence Electrons. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11768-11778. [PMID: 38864539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of low-cost, efficient, environmentally safe, and selective catalysts for the activation of carbon-halogen bonds has become an important and challenging topic in modern chemistry. With the help of density functional theory (DFT), it is found that phenyl bromide (PhBr) can be efficiently chemisorbed by the Al12M (M = Be, Al, C, and P) superatoms via forming highly polarized Al-Br covalent bonds, where the C-Br bonds of PhBr can be effectively activated through the electron transfer from Al12M. The different electronic structures of these four Al12M superatoms pose a substantial effect on their performances on the activation of PhBr and the catalytic mechanisms of the Suzuki-Miyaura (SM) reaction. Among them, the alkali-metal-like superatom Al12P exhibits the best performance for the activation of PhBr. In particular, Al13 and Al12P with open-shell electronic structures exhibit catalytic performances comparable to those of previously reported catalysts for this coupling reaction. Hence, it is highly expected that Al13 and Al12P could be used as novel superatom catalysts for C-C coupling reactions and, therefore, open up new possibilities to use nonprecious superatoms in catalyzing the activation and transformation of carbon-halogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lu Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Chao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Lian Ni
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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35
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Mitchell S, Martín AJ, Guillén-Gosálbez G, Pérez-Ramírez J. The Future of Chemical Sciences is Sustainable. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318676. [PMID: 38570864 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Chemistry, a vital tool for sustainable development, faces a challenge due to the lack of clear guidance on actionable steps, hindering the optimal adoption of sustainability practices across its diverse facets from discovery to implementation. This Scientific Perspective explores established frameworks and principles, proposing a conciliated set of triple E priorities anchored on Environmental, Economic, and Equity pillars for research and decision making. We outline associated metrics, crucial for quantifying impacts, classifying them according to their focus areas and scales tackled. Emphasizing catalysis as a key driver of sustainable synthesis of chemicals and materials, we exemplify how triple E priorities can practically guide the development and implementation of processes from renewables conversions to complex customized products. We summarize by proposing a roadmap for the community aimed at raising awareness, fostering academia-industry collaboration, and stimulating further advances in sustainable chemical technologies across their broad scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio J Martín
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gonzalo Guillén-Gosálbez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Zhan X, Nie Z, Li N, Zhou A, Lv H, Liang M, Wu K, Cheng GJ, Yin Q. Catalytic Asymmetric Cascade Dearomatization of Indoles via a Photoinduced Pd-Catalyzed 1,2-Bisfunctionalization of Butadienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404388. [PMID: 38641988 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced Pd-catalyzed bisfunctionalization of butadienes with a readily available organic halide and a nucleophile represents an emerging and attractive method to assemble versatile alkenes bearing various functional groups at the allylic position. However, enantiocontrol and/or diastereocontrol in the C-C or C-X bond-formation step have not been solved due to the open-shell process. Herein, we present a cascade asymmetric dearomatization reaction of indoles via photoexcited Pd-catalyzed 1,2-biscarbonfunctionalization of 1,3-butadienes, wherein asymmetric control on both the nucleophile and electrophile part is achieved for the first time in photoinduced bisfunctionalization of butadienes. This method delivers structurally novel chiral spiroindolenines bearing two contiguous stereogenic centers with high diastereomeric ratios (up to >20 : 1 dr) and good to excellent enantiomeric ratios (up to 97 : 3 er). Experimental and computational studies of the mechanism have confirmed a radical pathway involving excited-state palladium catalysis. The alignment and non-covalent interactions between the substrate and the catalyst were found to be essential for stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Zhan
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Nie
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ao Zhou
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Lv
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Mingrong Liang
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Keqin Wu
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qin Yin
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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37
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Ma R, Gu Y, Wang YE, Fei R, Xiong D, Mao J. One-Pot Synthesis of Indolin-3-ones Mediated by LiN(SiMe 3) 2/CsF. Org Lett 2024; 26:5082-5086. [PMID: 38848449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Indolin-3-ones are essential heterocycles with wide-ranging biological activities and medicinal values, and therefore, efficient approaches to their synthesis remain in demand. Herein, a novel and operationally simple method to generate indolin-3-ones is reported by using a tandem reaction of N-methylbenzylamines and methyl 2-fluorobenzoates mediated by the LiN(SiMe3)2 and CsF system (34 examples, 30-85% yields). The synthesis of C2-quaternary indolin-3-one further demonstrated the potential practicability of these tandem reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyun Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Rongbi Fei
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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38
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McGhie L, Marotta A, Loftus PO, Seeberger PH, Funes-Ardoiz I, Molloy JJ. Photogeneration of α-Bimetalloid Radicals via Selective Activation of Multifunctional C1 Units. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15850-15859. [PMID: 38805091 PMCID: PMC11177267 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Light-driven strategies that enable the chemoselective activation of a specific bond in multifunctional systems are comparatively underexplored in comparison to transition-metal-based technologies, yet desirable when considering the controlled exploration of chemical space. With the current drive to discover next-generation therapeutics, reaction design that enables the strategic incorporation of an sp3 carbon center, containing multiple synthetic handles for the subsequent exploration of chemical space would be highly enabling. Here, we describe the photoactivation of ambiphilic C1 units to generate α-bimetalloid radicals using only a Lewis base and light source to directly activate the C-I bond. Interception of these transient radicals with various SOMOphiles enables the rapid synthesis of organic scaffolds containing synthetic handles (B, Si, and Ge) for subsequent orthogonal activation. In-depth theoretical and mechanistic studies reveal the prominent role of 2,6-lutidine in forming a photoactive charge transfer complex and in stabilizing in situ generated iodine radicals, as well as the influential role of the boron p-orbital in the activation/weakening of the C-I bond. This simple and efficient methodology enabled expedient access to functionalized 3D frameworks that can be further derivatized using available technologies for C-B and C-Si bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis McGhie
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marotta
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Patrick O. Loftus
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department
of Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación Química de
la Universidad de La Rioja (IQUR), Universidad
de La Rioja Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26004, Spain
| | - John J. Molloy
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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39
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Li Z, Rong D, Yuan L, Zhao Z, Dai F, Chen L, Xie Y. Trace amounts of palladium catalysed the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of deactivated and hindered aryl chlorides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4559-4567. [PMID: 38769903 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Electron-rich and hindered aryl chlorides are the most challenging substrates in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling (SMC) reactions. Herein, we report a highly efficient catalytic system for the SMC reaction using trace amounts of commercially available catalysts [Pd(PPh3)4/(t-Bu)PCy2; Pd loading as low as 9.5 × 10-5 mol%]. This catalytic system can efficiently couple deactivated and sterically hindered aryl chlorides with various substituted phenylboronic acids, even in one-pot multiple coupling reactions (yield of products up to 92%). The impact of solvents on SMC reactions and the mechanisms of by-product formation in aryl boronic acid couplings are analyzed using density functional theory (DFT). Utilizing trace amounts of commercially available catalysts avoids complex synthesis, reduces costs, and minimizes metal residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dayou Rong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Longfeng Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Fenghao Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Lijun Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, China
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40
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Gao J, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhu M, Kong W, Liu G, Luo X. Carbonized cellulose microspheres loaded with Pd NPs as catalyst in p-nitrophenol reduction and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131904. [PMID: 38688337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol is usually carried out using transition metal nanoparticles such as gold, palladium, silver, and copper, especially palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs), which are characterized by fast reaction rate, high turnover frequency, good selectivity, and high yield. However, the aggregation and precipitation of the metals lead to the decomposition of the catalyst, which results in a significant reduction of the catalytic activity. Therefore, the preparation of homogeneous stabilized palladium nanoparticles catalysts has been widely studied. Stabilized palladium nanoparticles mainly use synthetic polymers. Cellulose microspheres, as a natural polymer material with low-cost and porous fiber network structure, are excellent carriers for stabilizing metal nanoparticles. Cellulose microspheres impregnated with palladium metal nanoparticles were carbonized to have a larger specific surface area and highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles, which exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol. In this work, the cellulose carbon-based microspheres palladium (Pd@CCM) catalysts were designed and characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, XPS, TGA, BET, and so on. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of Pd@CCM catalysts was investigated via p-nitrophenol reduction, which showed high catalytic activity. This catalyst also exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. Linking aromatic monomer and benzene through Suzuki-Miyaura coupling was presented as an effective route to obtaining biaryls, and the synthesis method is low-cost and simple. In addition, Pd@CCM showed desirable recyclability while maintaining its catalytic activity even after five recycles. This work is highly suggestive of the design and application of the heterogeneous catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No.206, Guanggu 1st road, Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone, Wuhan 430205, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No.206, Guanggu 1st road, Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone, Wuhan 430205, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yuqing Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No.206, Guanggu 1st road, Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone, Wuhan 430205, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Mengxiang Zhu
- Department of Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, PR China
| | - Wen Kong
- Hubei Key Lab for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Genyan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No.206, Guanggu 1st road, Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone, Wuhan 430205, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No.206, Guanggu 1st road, Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone, Wuhan 430205, Hubei Province, PR China.
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41
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Shimazumi R, Tobisu M. Unimolecular Fragment Coupling: A New Bond-Forming Methodology via the Deletion of Atom(s). JACS AU 2024; 4:1676-1695. [PMID: 38818052 PMCID: PMC11134393 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Unimolecular fragment coupling (UFC) is defined as a reaction format, wherein atom(s) located in the middle of a molecule are extruded, and the remaining fragments are coupled. UFC is a potentially powerful strategy that is an alternative to transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling because the target chemical bond is formed in an intramolecular fashion, which is inherently beneficial for chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity issues. In this Perspective, we will present an overview of the recent advances in UFC reactions, which encompass those proceeding through the elimination of CO2, CO, SO2, isocyanates, N2, or single atoms primarily via transition metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Shimazumi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative
Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary
Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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42
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Zeng Y, Gao H, Jiang ZT, Zhu Y, Chen J, Zhang H, Lu G, Xia Y. Observation of unusual outer-sphere mechanism using simple alkenes as nucleophiles in allylation chemistry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4317. [PMID: 38773086 PMCID: PMC11109239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed allylic substitution reactions of alkenes are among the most efficient methods for synthesizing diene compounds, driven by the inherent preference for an inner-sphere mechanism. Here, we present a demonstration of an outer-sphere mechanism in Rh-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction of simple alkenes using gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes as allyl surrogates. This unconventional mechanism offers an opportunity for the fluorine recycling of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes via C - F bond cleavage/reformation, ultimately delivering allylic carbofluorination products. The developed method tolerates a wide range of simple alkenes, providing access to secondary, tertiary fluorides and gem-difluorides with 100% atom economy. DFT calculations reveal that the C - C bond formation goes through an unusual outer-sphere nucleophilic substitution of the alkenes to the allyl-Rh species instead of migration insertion, and the generated carbon cation then forms the C - F bond with tetrafluoroborate as a fluoride shuttle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yulei Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinqi Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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43
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liao J, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Liang T. Organoselenium-Catalyzed C2,3-Diarylation of N-H Indoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7216-7224. [PMID: 38693864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
An organoselenium-catalyzed C2,3-diarylation of unprotected N-H indoles with electron-rich aromatics has been developed. This one-pot multicomponent tandem cross-dehydrogenation coupling reaction allows for the incorporation of two different aromatic groups to indoles. More importantly, this approach offers significant advantages, including a high atom and step economy, eliminating the need for prepreparation of the reaction substrates, streamlining the synthetic process and enhancing its practicality. Overall, this organoselenium-catalyzed C2,3-diarylation reaction presents an efficient and versatile strategy for the functionalization of indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Liao
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwu Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Taoyuan Liang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
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44
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Yang S, Cai SS, Li JH, Chen M. Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed Radical Heck-Type Coupling of Cyclobutanone Oxime Esters with Vinyl Arenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7243-7254. [PMID: 38696261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed radical Heck-type coupling reaction of cyclobutanone oxime esters with olefins under visible-light irradiation has been developed. The cyanoalkyl/Pd(I) hybrid species generated by selected ring-opening C-C bond cleavage of imino/Pd(I) species reacted smoothly with vinyl arenes, delivering the cyanoalkylation olefins under mild conditions. This elegant strategy has a broad scope and functional group tolerance. Subsequently, late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules and synthetic transformations of the product further confirm the practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Sha-Sha Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jun-Hua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
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45
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Zhang Z, Yamada YMA. Recent Advancements in Continuous-Flow Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Utilizing Immobilized Molecular Palladium Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304335. [PMID: 38418426 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Immobilized Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling under continuous-flow conditions using a packed-bed reactor, representing an efficient, automated, practical, and safe technology compared to conventional batch-type reactions. The core objective of this study is the development of an active and durable catalyst. In contrast to supported Pd nanoparticles, the attachment of Pd complexes onto solid supports through well-defined coordination sites is considered a favorable approach for preparing highly dispersed and stabilized Pd species. These species can be directly employed in various flow reactions without the need for pre-treatment. This concept paper explores recent achievements involving the application of immobilized Pd complexes as precatalysts for continuous-flow Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. Our focus is to elucidate the significance of the designed catalyst structures in relation to their catalytic performance under flow conditions. Additionally, we highlight various reaction systems and catalyst packing methods, emphasizing their crucial roles in establishing a practical synthesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Zhang
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoichi M A Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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46
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Carter Martos D, de Abreu M, Hauk P, Fackler P, Wencel-Delord J. Easy access to polyhalogenated biaryls: regioselective (di)halogenation of hypervalent bromines and chlorines. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6770-6776. [PMID: 38725515 PMCID: PMC11077539 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01234h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyhalogenated biaryls are unique motifs offering untapped potential as versatile building blocks for the expedient synthesis of complex biaryl compounds. Overcoming the limitations of conventional syntheses, we introduce a novel, metal-free, operationally simple and one-pot approach to regioselectively (di)halogenate biaryl compounds under mild conditions using cyclic biaryl hypervalent bromine and chlorine substrates as masked arynes. Through chemoselective post-functionalizations, these valuable products can expand the toolbox for synthesizing biaryl-containing scaffolds, addressing a critical gap in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carter Martos
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA, UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Maxime de Abreu
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA, UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Pascal Hauk
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA, UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
| | | | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA, UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
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47
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Wu K, Lam N, Strassfeld DA, Fan Z, Qiao JX, Liu T, Stamos D, Yu JQ. Palladium (II)-Catalyzed C-H Activation with Bifunctional Ligands: From Curiosity to Industrialization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400509. [PMID: 38419352 PMCID: PMC11216193 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In 2001, our curiosity to understand the stereochemistry of C-H metalation with Pd prompted our first studies in Pd(II)-catalyzed asymmetric C-H activation (RSC Research appointment: 020 7451 2545, Grant: RG 36873, Dec. 2002). We identified four central challenges: 1. poor reactivity of simple Pd salts with native substrates; 2. few strategies to control site selectivity for remote C-H bonds; 3. the lack of chiral catalysts to achieve enantioselectivity via asymmetric C-H metalation, and 4. low practicality due to limited coupling partner scope and the use of specialized oxidants. These challenges necessitated new strategies in catalyst and reaction development. For reactivity, we developed approaches to enhance substrate-catalyst affinity together with novel bifunctional ligands which participate in and accelerate the C-H cleavage step. For site-selectivity, we introduced the concept of systematically modulating the distance and geometry between a directing template, catalyst, and substrate to selectively access remote C-H bonds. For enantioselectivity, we devised predictable stereomodels for catalyst-controlled enantioselective C-H activation based on the participation of bifunctional ligands. Finally, for practicality, we have developed varied catalytic manifolds for Pd(II) to accommodate diverse coupling partners while employing practical oxidants such as simple peroxides. These advances have culminated in numerous C-H activation reactions, setting the stage for broad industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nelson Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Daniel A Strassfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhoulong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer X Qiao
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 250 Water Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Discovery Chemistry Research & Technology Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10290 Campus Point Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Dean Stamos
- Research & Development, Flagship Pioneering, 55 Cambridge Parkway Suite 800E, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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48
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Fang Y, Hillman AS, Fox JM. Advances in the Synthesis of Bioorthogonal Reagents: s-Tetrazines, 1,2,4-Triazines, Cyclooctynes, Heterocycloheptynes, and trans-Cyclooctenes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:15. [PMID: 38703255 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Aligned with the increasing importance of bioorthogonal chemistry has been an increasing demand for more potent, affordable, multifunctional, and programmable bioorthogonal reagents. More advanced synthetic chemistry techniques, including transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, C-H activation, photoinduced chemistry, and continuous flow chemistry, have been employed in synthesizing novel bioorthogonal reagents for universal purposes. We discuss herein recent developments regarding the synthesis of popular bioorthogonal reagents, with a focus on s-tetrazines, 1,2,4-triazines, trans-cyclooctenes, cyclooctynes, hetero-cycloheptynes, and -trans-cycloheptenes. This review aims to summarize and discuss the most representative synthetic approaches of these reagents and their derivatives that are useful in bioorthogonal chemistry. The preparation of these molecules and their derivatives utilizes both classical approaches as well as the latest organic chemistry methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhi Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
| | - Ashlyn S Hillman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
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49
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Dong M, Tong X. Pd(0)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular Grignard-Type Reaction of Vinyl Iodide-Carbonyl. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400236. [PMID: 38424002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The insertion of carbonyl into C(sp2)-Pd(II) σ-bond (Grignard-type addition) was not established until the 1990s. While this elemental reaction has been well explored since then, its application in Pd(0) asymmetric catalysis remain elusive. Herein, we report the Pd(0)-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular Grignard-type reaction of vinyl iodide-carbonyl in the presence of HCO2H additive, affording cyclic allylic alcohol with good to excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies suggested that besides serving as an efficient reductant, HCO2H is also capable of facilitating protonation of the involved secondary alkoxyl-Pd(II), thus completely suppressing the β-H elimination. Moreover, no KIE was found in the competing reaction between vinyl iodide-aldehyde and 1-deuterated one, demonstrating the facile step of aldehyde insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
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50
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Yongpanich P, Chatrangsan K, Tummatorn J, Thongsornkleeb C, Ruchirawat S. Controllable Chemoselectivity Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Phenanthrenols via Palladium-Catalyzed-Suzuki/Heck Reaction and Michael Addition. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400126. [PMID: 38441246 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Palladium serves as a multi-functional catalyst which is controllable by tuning reaction conditions. This work demonstrated the utilization of a palladium catalyst for the synthesis of phenanthrenols by cascade palladium-catalyzed Suzuki/Heck reaction between chalcone and 2-bromophenylboronic acid, followed by Michael addition. The sequential reaction could be controlled by reactivity of the palladium catalyst in different solvents and concentrations of reagents. This protocol could be applied to a broad range of substrates to give products in low to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phornphan Yongpanich
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxi-cology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonlak Chatrangsan
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxi-cology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jumreang Tummatorn
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxi-cology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Charnsak Thongsornkleeb
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxi-cology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxi-cology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
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