1
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Liu C, Wang D, Li Y, Li H, He L, Wu M, Wei D, Pan H, Zhao Y, Zhang H. A new strategy for the preparation of polylactic acid composites with UV resistance, light conversion, and antibacterial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:135013. [PMID: 39181361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
A novel rare earth complex, Eu(IAA)2(phen)2 (EuIP), was synthesized by solution-based synthesis method. Then, EuIP and polylactic acid (PLA) were melt-blended at 190 °C to obtain a multifunctional PLA/EuIP composite. The incorporation of EuIP provided PLA/EuIP composites with good light conversion ability. Under UV irradiation, PLA/EuIP composites converted the absorbed UV light into red light. Moreover, the PLA/1.0EuIP composite exhibited excellent light transmittance of 88 % in the visible region and showed strong red emission under UV light. After UV irradiation for 96 h, the molecular weights and mechanical properties of neat PLA decreased dramatically. Interestingly, the molecular weights and mechanical properties of PLA/EuIP composites did not deteriorate after 96 h of UV irradiation. The reason was that EuIP could absorb UV light and utilize the absorbed energy to emit red fluorescence. Furthermore, PLA/EuIP composites showed good antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. aureus. In addition, in vitro cell experiments showed that PLA/EuIP composites was suitable for the growth of murine breast cancer (4 T1) cells. Besides, enzymatic degradation testing also proved that PLA/EuIP composites had good biodegradability. This work provides an ingenious design strategy for the preparation of PLA/EuIP composites possessing light conversion ability, UV resistance, and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China; Hunan University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Liting He
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Mi Wu
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Deyu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hongwei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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2
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Ha DT, Tong HD, Trinh TT. Insights into hydro thermal gasification process of microplastic polyethylene via reactive molecular dynamics simulations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18771. [PMID: 39138243 PMCID: PMC11322303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Microplastics have become a pressing environmental issue due to their widespread presence in our ecosystems. Among various plastic components, polyethylene (PE) is a prevalent and persistent contaminant. Hydrothermal gasification (HTG), a promising technology for converting PE into syngas, holds great promise for mitigating the microplastic problem. In this study, we employ ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the HTG process of PE, shedding light on the intricate relationships between temperature, water content, carbon conversion efficiency, and product distributions. The results reveal that hydrothermal gasification of PE is a complex process involving multiple reaction pathways. Consistently with experimental findings, the calculations indicate that the gas phase exhibits a substantial hydrogen fraction, reaching up to 70%. Interestingly, our simulations reveal a dual role of water content in the HTG process. On one hand, water enhances hydrogen production by promoting the gas formation. On the other hand, it elevates the activation energy required for PE decomposition. Depending on the water content, the calculated activation energies range from 176 to 268 kJ/mol, which are significantly lower than those reported for thermal gasification (TG). This suggests that HTG may be a more efficient route for PE conversion. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of optimizing both temperature and water content in HTG systems to achieve high yields of hydrogen-rich syngas. The results obtained from our ReaxFF MD simulations demonstrate the robustness of this computational methodology in elucidating complex chemical reactions under extreme conditions. Our findings offer critical insights into the design of advanced waste management strategies for microplastics and contribute to the development of sustainable practices for resource recovery. This work underscores the potential of HTG as a key technology for addressing the global challenge of plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Tuong Ha
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Hien Duy Tong
- Faculty of Engineering, Vietnamese-German University (VGU), Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Thuat T Trinh
- Porelab, Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
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3
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McGraw M, Addison B, Clarke RW, Allen RD, Rorrer NA. Synergistic Dual-Cure Reactions for the Fabrication of Thermosets by Chemical Heating. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:11913-11927. [PMID: 39148515 PMCID: PMC11323266 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Large composite structures, such as those used in wind energy applications, rely on the bulk polymerization of thermosets on an impressively large scale. To accomplish this, traditional thermoset polymerizations require both elevated temperatures (>100 °C) and extended cure durations (>5 h) for complete conversion, necessitating the use of oversize ovens or heated molds. In turn, these requirements lead to energy-intensive polymerizations, incurring high manufacturing costs and process emissions. In this study, we develop thermoset polymerizations that can be initiated at room temperature through a transformative "chemical heating" concept, in which the exothermic energy of a secondary reaction is used to facilitate the heating of a primary thermoset polymerization. By leveraging a redox-initiated methacrylate free radical polymerization as a source of exothermic chemical energy, we can achieve peak reaction temperatures >140 °C to initiate the polymerization of epoxy-anhydride thermosets without external heating. Furthermore, by employing Trojan horse methacrylate monomers to induce mixing between methacrylate and epoxy-anhydride domains, we achieve the synthesis of homogeneous hybrid polymeric materials with competitive thermomechanical properties and tunability. Herein, we establish a proof-of-concept for our innovative chemical heating method and advocate for its industrial integration for more energy-efficient and streamlined manufacturing of wind blades and large composite parts more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
L. McGraw
- Renewable Resources and Enabling
Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Bennett Addison
- Renewable Resources and Enabling
Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ryan W. Clarke
- Renewable Resources and Enabling
Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Robert D. Allen
- Renewable Resources and Enabling
Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Rorrer
- Renewable Resources and Enabling
Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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4
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Sathiaseelan JJ, Afifah NMR, Abdullah AAA, Ramakrishna S, Vigneswari S, Bhubalan K. Exploring the advantages and limitations of degradation for various biodegradable micro-bioplastic in aquatic environments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121777. [PMID: 39018857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics are being the substitute for synthetic plastics and widely been used in order to combat plastic pollution. Yet not all biodegradable plastics are degradable especially when it does not meet its favourable conditions, and also when it comes to aquatic environments. Therefore, this review is intended to highlight the types of various biodegradable plastic synthesized and commercialised and identify the limitations and advantages of these micro-bioplastics or residual bioplastic upon degradation in various aquatic environments. This review paper highlights on biodegradable plastic, degradation of biodegradable plastic in aquatic environments, application of biodegradable plastic, polylactic acid (PLA), Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Polysaccharide derivatives, Poly (amino acid), polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBA/T), limitations and advantages of biodegradable plastic degradation in aquatic environment. There is no limit on the period for literature search as this field is continuously being studied and there is no wide range of studies. Biodegradable plastic that is commercially available has its own advantages and limitations respectively upon degradation in both freshwater and marine environments. There is a growing demand for bioplastic as an alternative to synthetic plastic which causes plastic waste pollution. Thus, it is crucial to understand the biodegradation of biodegradable plastic in depth especially in aquatic environments. Moreover, there are also very few studies investigating the degradation and migration of micro-bioplastics in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurul Mohd Ridzuan Afifah
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Amirul Al-Ashraf Abdullah
- School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Sevakumaran Vigneswari
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Kesaven Bhubalan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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5
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Adams F. Merging σ-Bond Metathesis with Polymerization Catalysis: Insights into Rare-Earth Metal Complexes, End-Group Functionalization, and Application Prospects. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400122. [PMID: 38831565 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymers with well-defined structures, synthesized through metal-catalyzed processes, and having end groups exhibiting different polarity and reactivity than the backbone, are gaining considerable attention in both scientific and industrial communities. These polymers show potential applications as fundamental building blocks and additives in the creation of innovative functional materials. Investigations are directed toward identifying the most optimal and uncomplicated synthetic approach by employing a combination of living coordination polymerization mediated by rare-earth metal complexes and C-H bond activation reaction by σ-bond metathesis. This combination directly yields catalysts with diverse functional groups from a single precursor, enabling the production of terminal-functionalized polymers without the need for sequential reactions, such as termination reactions. The utilization of this innovative methodology allows for precise control over end-group functionalities, providing a versatile approach to tailor the properties and applications of the resulting polymers. This perspective discusses the principles, challenges, and potential advancements associated with this synthetic strategy, highlighting its significance in advancing the interface of metalorganic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Adams
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Seok JH, Iwata T. Effects of Molecular Weight on the Marine Biodegradability of Poly(l-lactic acid). Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4420-4427. [PMID: 38885360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable bioplastic with limited marine degradation. This study examines the impact of molecular weight on PLA's marine biodegradability. We synthesized PLA with terminal hydroxyl groups (PLA-OH) with degrees of polymerization (DP) between 14 and 642 and conducted biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) tests. Samples with a DP of 422 or 642 did not degrade, like commercial PLA. However, PLA-OH with a DP below 314 showed biodegradability, with DP 14 exhibiting a higher degradability than cellulose. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) confirmed a decrease in molecular weight for samples with DPs below 314, indicating extracellular microbial activity. These findings suggest that PLA-OH with a DP under 314 can be degraded in marine conditions, unlike high-molecular-weight PLA. If the DP of high-molecular-weight PLA can be reduced to 314 by some specific method, then it is expected that PLA can be used to create marine biodegradable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Seok
- Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Iwata
- Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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7
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Guicherd M, Ben Khaled M, Guéroult M, Nomme J, Dalibey M, Grimaud F, Alvarez P, Kamionka E, Gavalda S, Noël M, Vuillemin M, Amillastre E, Labourdette D, Cioci G, Tournier V, Kitpreechavanich V, Dubois P, André I, Duquesne S, Marty A. An engineered enzyme embedded into PLA to make self-biodegradable plastic. Nature 2024; 631:884-890. [PMID: 39020178 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Plastic production reached 400 million tons in 2022 (ref. 1), with packaging and single-use plastics accounting for a substantial amount of this2. The resulting waste ends up in landfills, incineration or the environment, contributing to environmental pollution3. Shifting to biodegradable and compostable plastics is increasingly being considered as an efficient waste-management alternative4. Although polylactide (PLA) is the most widely used biosourced polymer5, its biodegradation rate under home-compost and soil conditions remains low6-8. Here we present a PLA-based plastic in which an optimized enzyme is embedded to ensure rapid biodegradation and compostability at room temperature, using a scalable industrial process. First, an 80-fold activity enhancement was achieved through structure-based rational engineering of a new hyperthermostable PLA hydrolase. Second, the enzyme was uniformly dispersed within the PLA matrix by means of a masterbatch-based melt extrusion process. The liquid enzyme formulation was incorporated in polycaprolactone, a low-melting-temperature polymer, through melt extrusion at 70 °C, forming an 'enzymated' polycaprolactone masterbatch. Masterbatch pellets were integrated into PLA by melt extrusion at 160 °C, producing an enzymated PLA film (0.02% w/w enzyme) that fully disintegrated under home-compost conditions within 20-24 weeks, meeting home-composting standards. The mechanical and degradation properties of the enzymated film were compatible with industrial packaging applications, and they remained intact during long-term storage. This innovative material not only opens new avenues for composters and biomethane production but also provides a feasible industrial solution for PLA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guicherd
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Carbios, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Ben Khaled
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - M Guéroult
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Carbios, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Nomme
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - P Alvarez
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - E Kamionka
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - S Gavalda
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Carbios, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Noël
- Carbiolice, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Vuillemin
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - E Amillastre
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - D Labourdette
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - G Cioci
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | - V Kitpreechavanich
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Dubois
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - I André
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - S Duquesne
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - A Marty
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
- Carbios, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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8
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Zhong C, Nidetzky B. Bottom-Up Synthesized Glucan Materials: Opportunities from Applied Biocatalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400436. [PMID: 38514194 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Linear d-glucans are natural polysaccharides of simple chemical structure. They are comprised of d-glucosyl units linked by a single type of glycosidic bond. Noncovalent interactions within, and between, the d-glucan chains give rise to a broad variety of macromolecular nanostructures that can assemble into crystalline-organized materials of tunable morphology. Structure design and functionalization of d-glucans for diverse material applications largely relies on top-down processing and chemical derivatization of naturally derived starting materials. The top-down approach encounters critical limitations in efficiency, selectivity, and flexibility. Bottom-up approaches of d-glucan synthesis offer different, and often more precise, ways of polymer structure control and provide means of functional diversification widely inaccessible to top-down routes of polysaccharide material processing. Here the natural and engineered enzymes (glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases and phosphorylases, glycosynthases) for d-glucan polymerization are described and the use of applied biocatalysis for the bottom-up assembly of specific d-glucan structures is shown. Advanced material applications of the resulting polymeric products are further shown and their important role in the development of sustainable macromolecular materials in a bio-based circular economy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, Graz, 8010, Austria
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9
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Li X, Lin Y, Zhao C, Meng N, Bai Y, Wang X, Yu J, Ding B. Biodegradable Polyurethane Derived from Hydroxylated Polylactide with Superior Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1809. [PMID: 39000664 PMCID: PMC11243797 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing biodegradable polyurethane (PU) materials as an alternative to non-degradable petroleum-based PU is a crucial and challenging task. This study utilized lactide as the starting material to synthesize polylactide polyols (PLA-OH). PLA-based polyurethanes (PLA-PUs) were successfully synthesized by introducing PLA-OH into the PU molecular chain. A higher content of PLA-OH in the soft segments resulted in a substantial improvement in the mechanical attributes of the PLA-PUs. This study found that the addition of PLA-OH content significantly improved the tensile stress of the PU from 5.35 MPa to 37.15 MPa and increased the maximum elongation to 820.8%. Additionally, the modulus and toughness of the resulting PLA-PU were also significantly improved with increasing PLA-OH content. Specifically, the PLA-PU with 40% PLA-OH exhibited a high modulus of 33.45 MPa and a toughness of 147.18 MJ m-3. PLA-PU films can be degraded to carbon dioxide and water after 6 months in the soil. This highlights the potential of synthesizing PLA-PU using biomass-renewable polylactide, which is important in green and sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Li
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Cengceng Zhao
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Na Meng
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Textile Industry Science and Technology Development Center, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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10
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Cannon JA, Zhou Y, Qualey LT, Reynolds TB. Surface-associated residues in subtilisins contribute to poly-L-lactic acid depolymerization via enzyme adsorption. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14473. [PMID: 38877615 PMCID: PMC11178483 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is currently the most abundant bioplastic; however, limited environmental biodegradability and few recycling options diminish its value as a biodegradable commodity. Enzymatic recycling is one strategy for ensuring circularity of PLLA, but this approach requires a thorough understanding of enzymatic mechanisms and protein engineering strategies to enhance activity. In this study, we engineer PLLA depolymerizing subtilisin enzymes originating from Bacillus species to elucidate the molecular mechanisms dictating their PLLA depolymerization activity and to improve their function. The surface-associated amino acids of two closely related subtilisin homologues originating from Bacillus subtilis (BsAprE) and Bacillus pumilus (BpAprE) were compared, as they were previously engineered to have nearly identical active sites, but still varied greatly in PLLA depolymerizing activity. Further analysis identified several surface-associated amino acids in BpAprE that lead to enhanced PLLA depolymerization activity when engineered into BsAprE. In silico protein modelling demonstrated increased enzyme surface hydrophobicity in engineered BsAprE variants and revealed a structural motif favoured for PLLA depolymerization. Experimental evidence suggests that increases in activity are associated with enhanced polymer binding as opposed to substrate specificity. These data highlight enzyme adsorption as a key factor in PLLA depolymerization by subtilisins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Cannon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Luke T Qualey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Todd B Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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11
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Qin D, Ma Y, Wang M, Shan Z. Study on Nutrient Carrier of Mulch Based on Hydrogel @SiO 2. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1442. [PMID: 38794635 PMCID: PMC11124839 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil conservation is one of the best methods to improve soil fertility and enhance crop growth efficiency. Replacing plastic mulch with biomass is an environmentally friendly strategy. Innovative encapsulated soil granules (ESGs) were developed using PVA/PC film as the wall material and rural soil as the core. The PVA/PC was synthesized using 60% protein polypeptide (PC) from leather waste scrap and 35% poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which was optimized for water absorption expansion and water retention performance. The ESG-10 granulated with 10% PVA/PC exhibited good water absorption, moisture retention, and resistance to water solubility. As an auxiliary material for soil improvement, the amount of ESGs mixed with the topsoil at ratios of 0 g/m2, 200 g/m2, and 400 g/m2 was proportional to the soil insulation and moisture retention. In rapeseed cultivation, the experimental results indicated that the soil mulched with ESG-10 can maintain seedling vitality for a long time under low water content conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China; (D.Q.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yujie Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China; (D.Q.); (Y.M.)
| | - Mei Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Zhihua Shan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
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12
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Hyodo N, Gan H, Ilangovan M, Kimura S, Kasuya KI, Isobe N, Iwata T. Coastal and deep-sea biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoate microbeads. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10302. [PMID: 38705904 PMCID: PMC11070421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbeads find widespread usage in personal care items and cosmetics, serving as exfoliants or scrubbing agents. Their micro-scale size poses challenges in effective drainage capture and given their origin from non-biodegradable oil-based plastics, this contributes substantially to marine pollution. In this study, microbeads were prepared by a simple yet scalable melt homogenization method using four types of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), namely poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (P(3HB)), poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyvalerate] (P(3HB-co-3HV)), poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] (P(3HB-co-3HHx)) and poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-4-hydroxyvalerate] (P(3HB-co-4HB)). Microbeads with different surface smoothness, compressive strength (6.2-13.3 MPa) and diameter (from 1 ~ 150 μm) could be produced. The microbeads were subjected to a comprehensive degradation analysis using three techniques: enzymatic, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) evaluations, and in situ degradation tests in the deep-sea off Misaki Port in the northern Pacific Ocean (depth of 757 m). Qualitatively, results from enzymatic and in situ degradation demonstrated significant degradation within one week and five months, respectively. Quantitatively, BOD findings indicated that all PHA microbeads degraded similarly to cellulose (~ 85% biodegradability in 25 days). In conclusion, PHA microbeads from this study exhibit promising potential as alternatives to conventional non-biodegradable microbeads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Hyodo
- Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hongyi Gan
- Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Manikandan Ilangovan
- Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kimura
- Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kasuya
- Green Polymer Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Isobe
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization (MRU), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Iwata
- Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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13
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Gonçalves LFFF, Reis RL, Fernandes EM. Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1286. [PMID: 38732755 PMCID: PMC11085284 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed significant advances in the development of polymeric-based foam materials. These materials find several practical applications in our daily lives due to their characteristic properties such as low density, thermal insulation, and porosity, which are important in packaging, in building construction, and in biomedical applications, respectively. The first foams with practical applications used polymeric materials of petrochemical origin. However, due to growing environmental concerns, considerable efforts have been made to replace some of these materials with biodegradable polymers. Foam processing has evolved greatly in recent years due to improvements in existing techniques, such as the use of supercritical fluids in extrusion foaming and foam injection moulding, as well as the advent or adaptation of existing techniques to produce foams, as in the case of the combination between additive manufacturing and foam technology. The use of supercritical CO2 is especially advantageous in the production of porous structures for biomedical applications, as CO2 is chemically inert and non-toxic; in addition, it allows for an easy tailoring of the pore structure through processing conditions. Biodegradable polymeric materials, despite their enormous advantages over petroleum-based materials, present some difficulties regarding their potential use in foaming, such as poor melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, low service temperature, low toughness, and high brittleness, which limits their field of application. Several strategies were developed to improve the melt strength, including the change in monomer composition and the use of chemical modifiers and chain extenders to extend the chain length or create a branched molecular structure, to increase the molecular weight and the viscosity of the polymer. The use of additives or fillers is also commonly used, as fillers can improve crystallization kinetics by acting as crystal-nucleating agents. Alternatively, biodegradable polymers can be blended with other biodegradable polymers to combine certain properties and to counteract certain limitations. This work therefore aims to provide the latest advances regarding the foaming of biodegradable polymers. It covers the main foaming techniques and their advances and reviews the uses of biodegradable polymers in foaming, focusing on the chemical changes of polymers that improve their foaming ability. Finally, the challenges as well as the main opportunities presented reinforce the market potential of the biodegradable polymer foam materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. F. F. Gonçalves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Emanuel M. Fernandes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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14
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Hamieh T. Surface Thermodynamic Properties of Poly Lactic Acid by Inverse Gas Chromatography. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:268. [PMID: 38786478 PMCID: PMC11117825 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly lactic acid (PLA) is one of the most commonly used bio-derived thermoplastic polymers in 3D and 4D printing applications. The determination of PLA surface properties is of capital importance in 3D/4D printing technology. The surface thermodynamic properties of PLA polymers were determined using the inverse gas chromatography (IGC) technique at infinite dilution. The determination of the retention volume of polar and non-polar molecules adsorbed on the PLA particles filling the column allowed us to obtain the dispersive, polar, and Lewis's acid-base surface properties at different temperatures from 40 °C to 100 °C. The applied surface method was based on our recent model that used the London dispersion equation, the new chromatographic parameter function of the deformation polarizability, and the harmonic mean of the ionization energies of the PLA polymer and organic molecules. The application of this new method led to the determination of the dispersive and polar free surface energy of the adsorption of molecules on the polymeric material, as well as the glass transition and the Lewis acid-base constants. Four interval temperatures were distinguished, showing four zones of variations in the surface properties of PLA as a function of the temperature before and after the glass transition. The acid-base parameters of PLA strongly depend on the temperature. The accurate determination of the dispersive and polar surface physicochemical properties of PLA led to the work of adhesion of the polar organic solvents adsorbed on PLA. These results can be very useful for achieving reliable and functional 3D and 4D printed components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayssir Hamieh
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; ; Tel.: +31-6-5723-9324
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
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15
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Yang Y, Cho Y, Choi TL. Designing Degradable Polymers from Tricycloalkenes via Complete Cascade Metathesis Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400235. [PMID: 38456570 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cascade metathesis polymerization has been developed as a promising method to synthesize complex but well-defined polymers from monomers containing multiple reactive functional groups. However, this approach has been limited to the monomers involving simple alkene/alkyne moieties or produced mainly non-degradable polymers. In this study, we demonstrate a complete cascade ring-opening/ring-closing metathesis polymerization (RORCMP) using various tricycloalkenes and two strategies for the efficient degradation. Through rational design of tricycloalkene monomers, the structure and reactivity relationship was explored. For example, tricycloalkenes with trans configuration in the central ring enabled faster and better selective cascade RORCMP than the corresponding cis isomers. Also, a 4-substituted cyclopentene moiety in the monomers significantly enhanced the overall cascade RORCMP performance, with the maximum turnover number (TON) reaching almost 10,000 and molecular weight up to 170 kg/mol using an amide-containing monomer. Furthermore, we achieved one-shot cascade multiple olefin metathesis polymerization using tricycloalkenes and a diacrylate, to produce new highly A,B-alternating copolymers with full degradability. Lastly, we successfully designed xylose-based tricycloalkenes to give well-defined polymers that underwent ultra-fast and complete degradation under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhyeong Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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16
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Moreno Abril SI, Pin AO, Beiras R. Effects of primary leachates of conventional and alternative plastics in Cyprinodon variegatus fish larvae: Endocrine disruption and toxicological responses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123717. [PMID: 38447656 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The inclusion of hazardous substances in the formulation of plastics raises significant concerns, particularly, if those substances are released as primary leachates during plastic degradation and/or fragmentation. In this sense, the production of degradable plastics holding deleterious additives can increase the release of harmful substances into the environment. Additionally, the effects of primary leachates of "eco-friendly" materials remain unexplored. To address this, we performed exposures to primary leachates of alternative polymers, and commercial bags to verify possible responses associated with endocrine disruption and/or activation of the detoxification pathway in larvae of the marine fish model Cyprinodon variegatus. The chemical characterization evidenced a great number of additives in the formulation of the materials analyzed in this study. Those include, except for the PLA sample, relevant levels of the hazardous phthalates DEHP and DiBP. Regarding the effects on marine fish larvae, exposure to leachates from alternative polymers (10 g/L) PHB and PHBV produced remarkable mortality (100%). While the exposure to bag leachates of all tested materials (1 and 10 g/L) produced alterations in biomarkers for steroidogenic and detoxification pathways. To a lesser extent (10 g/L), three materials produced significant alterations in estrogenic biomarkers (Home-compostable bag 1, LDPE and Recycled PE bags). Although the alterations in gene expression were not directly correlated to the amount of DEHP or DiBP, we can conclude that primary leachates of "eco-friendly" bags are harmful to marine vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Isabel Moreno Abril
- Marine Research Centre, University of Vigo (CIM-UVigo), 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Ana Olmos Pin
- Marine Research Centre, University of Vigo (CIM-UVigo), 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- Marine Research Centre, University of Vigo (CIM-UVigo), 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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17
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Righetti GIC, Faedi F, Famulari A. Embracing Sustainability: The World of Bio-Based Polymers in a Mini Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:950. [PMID: 38611207 PMCID: PMC11013738 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of polymer science and technology in recent decades has been remarkable, with synthetic polymers derived predominantly from petroleum-based sources dominating the market. However, concerns about their environmental impacts and the finite nature of fossil resources have sparked interest in sustainable alternatives. Bio-based polymers, derived from renewable sources such as plants and microbes, offer promise in addressing these challenges. This review provides an overview of bio-based polymers, discussing their production methods, properties, and potential applications. Specifically, it explores prominent examples including polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and polyhydroxy polyamides (PHPAs). Despite their current limited market share, the growing awareness of environmental issues and advancements in technology are driving increased demand for bio-based polymers, positioning them as essential components in the transition towards a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Isa C. Righetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Famulari
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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18
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Li Y, Wang S, Qian S, Liu Z, Weng Y, Zhang Y. Depolymerization and Re/Upcycling of Biodegradable PLA Plastics. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13509-13521. [PMID: 38559974 PMCID: PMC10976375 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
With the escalating utilization of plastic products, global attention has been increasingly drawn to environmental pollution and recycling challenges stemming from plastic waste. Against this backdrop, biodegradable plastics have emerged as viable alternatives owing to their sustainability and capacity for biodegradation. Polylactic acid (PLA) presently commands the largest market share among biodegradable plastics, finding extensive application in products such as thin films, medical materials, and biodegradable straws. However, the widespread adoption of PLA is hindered by challenges such as high cost, low recycling rates, and complete degradation to H2O and CO2 in natural conditions. Therefore, it is imperative and time-sensitive to explore solutions for the depolymerization and re/upcycling of PLA waste plastics. This review comprehensively outlines the current landscape of PLA recycling methods, emphasizing the advantages and significance of chemical re/upcycling. The subsequent exploration encompasses recent breakthroughs and technical obstacles inherent in diverse chemical depolymerization methods. Ultimately, this review accentuates the impediments and forthcoming possibilities in the realm of PLA plastics, emphasizing the pursuit of closed-loop recycling and upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- YingChao Li
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Song Qian
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Yujing Weng
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
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19
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Adekomaya O, Majozi T. Sustainable reclamation of synthetic materials as automotive parts replacement: effects of environmental response on natural fiber vulnerabilities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18396-18411. [PMID: 38366320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Sustaining the resilience of the environment against climate change volatilities is fast becoming a herculean task considering the vulnerabilities of the ecosystem and disruption of the global value chain. Environmental crisis emanating from improper containment of synthetic materials is a major impediment facing the world today, and the situation could get worse if urgent measures are not devised to mitigate the quantity of waste synthetic materials that find its ways to the environment. These wastes are released in the form of toxins, posing danger to the environments, causing biodiversity loss and the degradation of already battered-climate. In this paper, the authors apprise existing containment measures of synthetic waste materials taking a preliminary and on-the-spot assessment of their impacts and effectiveness of their application leading to their operation. The prospect of waste glass fiber in automotive part replacement is given utmost interest in this paper, in which, a significant quantity of glass fiber could be used as part of automotive materials to reduce their overbearing environmental carnage. By this approach, the emerging automotive parts may have their strength and durability enhanced against impact and corrosion. Mindful of the non-biodegradable properties of glass fibers, the paper captures how effective these fibers could be used as automotive parts against the traditional materials. This paper also reflects on the response of the natural fiber in terms of their sustainability, as natural forest faces severe extinction occasioned by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oludaisi Adekomaya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ibogun, Ogun State, Nigeria.
- Sustainable Process Engineering, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Thokozani Majozi
- Sustainable Process Engineering, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
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20
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Kaing V, Guo Z, Sok T, Kodikara D, Breider F, Yoshimura C. Photodegradation of biodegradable plastics in aquatic environments: Current understanding and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168539. [PMID: 37981156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Direct and indirect photolysis are important abiotic processes in aquatic environments through which plastics can be transformed physically and chemically. Transport of biodegradable plastics in water is influenced by vertical mixing and turbulent flow, which make biodegradable plastics remain susceptible to sunlight and photolysis despite their high density. In general, biodegradable plastics are composed of ester containing polymers (e.g., poly(butylene succinate), polyhydroxyalkanoate, and polylactic acid), whereas non-biodegradable plastics are composed of long chains of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons in their backbones (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene). Based on the reviewed knowledge and discussion, we may hypothesize that 1) direct photolysis is more pronounced for non-biodegradation than for biodegradable plastics, 2) smaller plastics such as micro/nano-plastics are more prone to photodegradation and photo-transformation by direct and indirect photolysis, 3) the production rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the surface of biodegradable plastics is higher than that of non-biodegradable plastics, 4) the photodegradation of biodegradable plastics may be promoted by ROS produced from biodegradable plastics themselves, and 5) the subsequent reactions of ROS are more active on biodegradable plastics than non-biodegradable plastics. Moreover, micro/nanoplastics derived from biodegradable plastics serve as more effective carriers of organic pollutants than those from non-biodegradable plastics and thus biodegradable plastics may not necessarily be more ecofriendly than non-biodegradable plastics. However, biodegradable plastics have been largely unexplored from the viewpoint of direct or indirect photolysis. Roles of reactive oxygen species originating from biodegradable plastics should be further explored for comprehensively understanding the photodegradation of biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinhteang Kaing
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan; Faculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., P.O. Box 86, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ty Sok
- Faculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., P.O. Box 86, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Dilini Kodikara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Florian Breider
- EPFL - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Central Environmental Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ENAC, station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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21
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Huang W, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Gao H, Xu W, Xia X. Insights into adsorption behavior and mechanism of Cu(II) onto biodegradable and conventional microplastics: Effect of aging process and environmental factors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123061. [PMID: 38042467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The widespread promotion attempt of biodegradable plastics is considered as an effective solution to address conventional plastic pollution. However, the interaction of microplastics (MPs) easily broken down from biodegradable plastics with the coexisting pollutants in aquatic environments has gained less attention. Herein, we investigated the effects of the aging process and environmental factors on copper (Cu(II)) adsorption behavior by biodegradable polylactic acid and conventional polystyrene MPs. Results demonstrated that the aging process significantly altered physicochemical properties of both types of MPs, and PLA showed less resistance to aging. The aged polylactic acid MPs (aged-PLA) exhibited the far highest Cu(II) maximum adsorption capacity (7.13 mg/g) mainly due to its abundant oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs), followed by pristine polylactic acid (PLA, 6.08 mg/g), aged polystyrene (aged-PS, 0.489 mg/g) and pristine polystyrene (PS, 0.365 mg/g). The adsorption kinetics of Cu(II) on PLA MPs were controlled by film and intraparticle diffusion, while film diffusion governed the Cu(II) adsorption onto PS MPs. In addition to roles of rougher surface structure, greater surface area and pore filling, the complexation of OCFGs and electrostatic interaction were critical to the adsorption mechanism of aged-PLA and aged-PS, and cation-π interaction was associated with adsorption of aged-PS. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) on aged MPs gradually grew with the increasing pH from 4 to 7. Besides, humic acid significantly promoted the adsorption of Cu(II) at a low concentration (0-20 mg/L) due to the formation of binary mixtures of MPs-HA but inhibited the adsorption at a high concentration (50 mg/L) because of its competitive effect, suggesting the dual roles of humic acid in the adsorption process. Overall, our findings provide a better understanding of the adsorption behavior of metals on biodegradable MPs and emphasize their non-negligible risk as carriers of contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Zhenrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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22
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Janik W, Jakubski Ł, Kudła S, Dudek G. Modified polysaccharides for food packaging applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128916. [PMID: 38134991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Development of new food packaging materials is crucial to reduce the use of single-use plastics and to limit their destructive impact on the environment. Polysaccharides provide an alternative solution to this problem. This paper summarizes and discusses recent research results on the potential of modifying polysaccharides as materials for film and coating applications. Modifications of polysaccharides significantly affect their properties, as well as their application usability. Although modifications of biopolymers for packaging applications have been widely studied, polysaccharides have attracted little attention despite being a prospective, environmentally friendly, and economically viable packaging alternative. Therefore, this paper discusses approaches to the development of biodegradable, polysaccharide-based food packaging materials and focuses on modifications of four polysaccharides, such as starch, chitosan, sodium alginate and cellulose. In addition, these modifications are presented not only in terms of the selected polysaccharide, but also in terms of specific properties, i.e. hydrophilic, barrier and mechanical properties, of polysaccharides. Such a presentation of results makes it much easier to select the modification method to improve the unsatisfactory properties of the material. Moreover, very often it happens that the applied modification improves one and worsens another property, which is also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Janik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis "Blachownia", Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland; Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Jakubski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Kudła
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis "Blachownia", Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Dudek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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23
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Pedroza RHP, David C, Lodeiro P, Rey-Castro C. Interactions of humic acid with pristine poly (lactic acid) microplastics in aqueous solution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168366. [PMID: 37939936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and natural organic matter are present in the aquatic environment and their reciprocal interaction plays important roles in the transport and behavior of nutrients and contaminants. Nevertheless, we lack mechanistic understanding on these interactions, especially in the case of biodegradable plastics. Here we investigate the adsorption of a commercial humic acid onto poly (lactic acid) (PLA) microplastics in aqueous solution. While the pseudo-second order kinetic model provided a more accurate representation of the adsorption kinetics, the Elovich model also produced a good fit, suggesting that chemisorption may be the rate-limiting step. The equilibrium data was better fit by the Langmuir model, that provided a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.118 ± 0.006 mg·g-1. The obtained values for the separation factor (RL) and free energy (E) suggest that adsorption of humic acid onto PLA is controlled by physisorption. We studied the effects of pH, ionic strength, and PLA concentration on the adsorption of humic acid onto PLA and demonstrated that electrostatic interactions and aggregation are important. The humic acid was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), before and after interacting with PLA. This set of analyses demonstrated that PLA caused alterations in the molecular structure of humic acid, primarily attributed to modifications in hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, we hypothesize that the carboxylic groups of humic acid formed dimers in contact with PLA. This study provides new insights into the interactions between organic matter and a biodegradable microplastic in aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo H P Pedroza
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Calin David
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Pablo Lodeiro
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Carlos Rey-Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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24
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Greene AF, Abbel R, Vaidya AA, Tanjay Q, Chen Y, Risani R, Saggese T, Barbier M, Petcu M, West M, Theobald B, Gaugler E, Parker K. Environmentally Benign Fast-Degrading Conductive Composites. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:455-465. [PMID: 38147683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
An environmentally benign conductive composite that rapidly degrades in the presence of warm water via enzyme-mediated hydrolysis is described. This represents the first time that hydrolytic enzymes have been immobilized onto eco-friendly conductive carbon sources with the express purpose of degrading the encapsulating biodegradable plastic. Amano Lipase (AL)-functionalized carbon nanofibers (CNF) were compounded with polycaprolactone (PCL) to produce the composite film CNFAL-PCL (thickness ∼ 600 μm; CNFAL = 20.0 wt %). To serve as controls, films of the same thickness were also produced, including CNF-AL5-PCL (CNF mixed with AL and PCL; CNF = 19.2 wt % and AL = 5.00 wt %), CNF-PCL (CNF = 19.2 wt %), ALx-PCL (AL = x = 1.00 or 5.00 wt %), and PCL. The electrical performance of the CNF-containing composites was measured, and conductivities of 14.0 ± 2, 22.0 ± 5, and 31.0 ± 6 S/m were observed for CNFAL-PCL, CNF-AL5-PCL, and CNF-PCL, respectively. CNFAL-PCL and control films were degraded in phosphate buffer (2.00 mg/mL film/buffer) at 50 °C, and their average percent weight loss (Wtavg%) was recorded over time. After 3 h CNFAL-PCL degraded to a Wtavg% of 90.0% and had completely degraded after 8 h. This was considerably faster than CNF-AL5-PCL, which achieved a total Wtavg% of 34.0% after 16 days, and CNF-PCL, which was with a Wtavg% of 7.00% after 16 days. Scanning electron microscopy experiments (SEM) found that CNFAL-PCL has more open pores on its surface and that it fractures faster during degradation experiments which exposes the interior enzyme to water. An electrode made from CNFAL-PCL was fabricated and attached to an AL5-PCL support to form a fast-degrading thermal sensor. The resistance was measured over five cycles where the temperature was varied between 15.0-50.0 °C. The sensor was then degraded fully in buffer at 50 °C over a 48 h period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique F Greene
- Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Ti̅tokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3010
| | - Robert Abbel
- Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Ti̅tokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3010
| | - Alankar A Vaidya
- Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Ti̅tokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3010
| | - Queenie Tanjay
- Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Ti̅tokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3010
| | - Yi Chen
- Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Ti̅tokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3010
| | - Regis Risani
- Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Ti̅tokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3010
| | - Taryn Saggese
- Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Ti̅tokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3010
| | - Maxime Barbier
- Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Ti̅tokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3010
| | - Miruna Petcu
- Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Ti̅tokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3010
| | - Mark West
- Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Ti̅tokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3010
| | - Beatrix Theobald
- Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Ti̅tokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3010
| | - Eva Gaugler
- Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Ti̅tokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3010
| | - Kate Parker
- Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Ti̅tokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3010
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25
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Huang Q, Kimura S, Iwata T. Thermal Embedding of Humicola insolens Cutinase: A Strategy for Improving Polyester Biodegradation in Seawater. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5836-5846. [PMID: 37940601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
By thermal embedding of the commercially available enzyme Humicola insolens cutinase (HiC), this study successfully enhanced the biodegradability of various polyesters (PBS, PBSA, PCL, PBAT) in seawater, which otherwise show limited environmental degradability. Melt extrusion above the melting temperature was used for embedding HiC in the polyesters. The overall physical properties of the HiC-embedded films remained almost unchanged compared to those of the neat films. In the buffer, embedding HiC allowed rapid polymer degradation into water-soluble hydrolysis products. Biochemical oxygen demand tests showed that the HiC-embedded polyester films exhibited similar or much higher biodegradability than the biodegradable cellulose standard in natural seawater. Thermal embedding of HiC aims to accelerate the biodegradation of plastics that are already biodegradable but have limited environmental biodegradability, potentially reducing their contribution to environmental problems such as marine microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiuYuan Huang
- Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kimura
- Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Iwata
- Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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26
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Rai R, Khazeber R, Sureshan KM. Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Topochemical Synthesis of a Collagen-inspired Covalent Helical Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315742. [PMID: 37861464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
There is much demand for crystalline covalent helical polymers. Inspired by the helical structure of collagen, we synthesized a covalent helical polymer wherein the repeating dipeptide Gly-Pro units are connected by triazole linkages. We synthesized an azide and alkyne-modified dipeptide monomer made up of the repeating amino acid sequence of collagen. In its crystals, the monomer molecules aligned in head-to-tail fashion with proximally placed azide and alkyne forming supramolecular helices. At 60 °C, the monomer underwent single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition polymerization, yielding a covalent helical polymer as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. Compared to the monomer crystals, the polymer single-crystals were very strong and showed three-fold increase in Young's modulus, which is higher than collagen, many synthetic polymers and other materials. The crystals of this covalent helical polymer could bear loads as high as 1.5 million times of their own weight without deformation. These crystals could also withstand high compression force and did not disintegrate even at an applied force of 98 kN. Such light-weight strong materials are in demand for various technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Rai
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Ravichandran Khazeber
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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27
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Hardy C, Levere ME, Kociok-Köhn G, Buchard A. Radical Ring Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Ketene Acetals Derived From d-Glucal. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1443-1449. [PMID: 37824416 PMCID: PMC10666543 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A cyclic ketene acetal (CKA) derived from d-glucal was synthesized, and its polymerization using free radicals has been investigated. NMR analysis of the resulting polymers revealed the formation of polyacetal-polyester copolymers, with up to 78% of ester linkages formed by radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP). Conversely, the polymerization of the monomer-saturated analogue only produced acetal linkages, demonstrating that the alkene functionality within the d-glucal pyranose ring is essential to promote ring-opening and ester formation, likely via the stabilization of an allyl radical. The thermal properties of the polymers were linked to the ratio of the ester and acetal linkages. Copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) afforded statistically PMMA-rich copolymers (66-98%) with linkages prone to hydrolytic degradation and decreased glass-transition temperatures. The retention of the pseudoglucal alkene function offers opportunities to functionalize further these bioderived (co)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Hardy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Martin E. Levere
- Materials
and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Materials
and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
| | - Antoine Buchard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- University
of Bath Institute for Sustainability, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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28
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Hong S, Kim KA, Ryu Y, Lee W, Kim Y, Cha HG. Facile and Efficient Production of Biomass-Derived Isosorbide Dioxides via Epoxidation Using In situ-generated DMDO under Ultrasonication. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300744. [PMID: 37792858 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a facile synthetic process for producing biomass-derived isosorbide (ISB) dioxides using dimethyl dioxirane (DMDO) as an efficient oxidizing agent, which was generated in situ from acetone and KHSO5 . To achieve high conversion and product yield, the KHSO5 concentration, KHSO5 flow rate, and reaction temperature were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, rapid and efficient epoxidation using the in situ-generated DMDO was observed under ultrasonication, yielding the desired product within 35 min at 0 °C. This study offers a convenient and efficient method for generating biomass-derived ISB building blocks, which have significant potential for the fabrication of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Hong
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-An Kim
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonkyeong Ryu
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoo Lee
- Center for Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gil Cha
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
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29
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Burelo M, Hernández-Varela JD, Medina DI, Treviño-Quintanilla CD. Recent developments in bio-based polyethylene: Degradation studies, waste management and recycling. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21374. [PMID: 37885729 PMCID: PMC10598529 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the tendency to replace conventional fossil-based plastics is increasing considerably; there is a growing trend towards alternatives that involve the development of plastic materials derived from renewable sources, which are compostable and biodegradable. Indeed, only 1.5 % of whole plastic production is part of the small bioplastics market, even when these materials with a partial or full composition from biomass are rapidly expanding. A very interesting field of investigation is currently being developed in which the disposal and processing of the final products are evaluated in terms of reducing environmental harm. This review presents a compilation of polyethylene (PE) types, their uses, and current problems in the waste management of PE and recycling. Particularly, this review is based on the capabilities to synthesize bio-based PE from natural and renewable sources as a replacement for the raw material derived from petroleum. In addition to recent studies in degradation on different types of PE with weight loss ranges from 1 to 47 %, the techniques used and the main changes observed after degradation. Finally, perspectives are presented in the manuscript about renewable and non-renewable polymers, depending on the non-degradable, biodegradable, and compostable behavior, including composting recent studies in PE. In addition, it contributes to the 3R approaches to responsible waste management of PE and advancement towards an environmentally friendly PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Burelo
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Josué David Hernández-Varela
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Dora I. Medina
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Cecilia D. Treviño-Quintanilla
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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30
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Li X, Meng Y, Cheng Z, Li B. Research Progress and Prospect of Stimuli-Responsive Lignin Functional Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3372. [PMID: 37631428 PMCID: PMC10458107 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the world's second most abundant renewable natural phenolic polymer after cellulose, lignin is an extremely complex, amorphous, highly cross-linked class of aromatic polyphenolic macromolecules. Due to its special aromatic structure, lignin is considered to be one of the most suitable candidates to replace fossil materials, thus the research on lignin functional materials has received extensive attention. Because lignin has stimuli-sensitive groups such as phenolic hydroxyl, hydroxyl, and carboxyl, the preparation of stimuli-responsive lignin-based functional materials by combining lignin with some stimuli-responsive polymers is a current research hotspot. Therefore, this article will review the research progress of stimuli-responsive lignin-based functional materials in order to guide the subsequent work. Firstly, we elaborate the source and preparation of lignin and various types of lignin pretreatment methods. We then sort out and discuss the preparation of lignin stimulus-responsive functional materials according to different stimuli (pH, light, temperature, ions, etc.). Finally, we further envision the scope and potential value of lignin stimulus-responsive functional materials for applications in actuators, optical coding, optical switches, solar photothermal converters, tissue engineering, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bin Li
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.C.)
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31
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Iritani K, Nakanishi A, Nihei R, Sugitani S, Yamashita T. Development of Epoxy and Urethane Thermosetting Resin Using Chlorella sp. as Curing Agent for Materials with Low Environmental Impact. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2968. [PMID: 37447612 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current system, the disposal of plastic materials causes serious environmental pollution such as the generation of carbon dioxide and destruction of the ecosystem by micro-plastics. To solve this problem, bioplastics, biomass and biodegradable plastics have been developed. As part of our research, we have developed novel bioplastics called "cell-plastics", in which a unicellular green algal cell serves as a fundamental resource. The production of the cell-plastics would be expected to reduce environmental impact due to the usage of a natural product. Herein, to overcome the mechanical strength of cell-plastics, we used thermosetting epoxy and urethane resins containing Chlorella sp. as the green algae. We successfully fabricated thermosetting resins with a Chlorella sp. content of approximately 70 wt% or more. IR measurements revealed that the chemical structure of an epoxide or isocyanate monomer mixed with Chlorella sp. was modified, which suggests that the resins were hardened by the chemical reaction. In addition, we investigated the effect of thermosetting conditions such as temperature and compression for curing both resins. It was revealed that the Young's moduli and tensile strengths were controlled by thermosetting temperature and compression, whereas the elongation ratios of the resins were constant at low values regardless of the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Iritani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Lignin-Based Materials, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Akihito Nakanishi
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
- Graduate School of Bionics, Computer and Media Sciences, Bionics Program, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Rinka Nihei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Shiomi Sugitani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Lignin-Based Materials, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
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32
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Thakur B, Singh J, Singh J, Angmo D, Vig AP. Biodegradation of different types of microplastics: Molecular mechanism and degradation efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162912. [PMID: 36933716 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are widely distributed and a major pollutant in our ecosystem. Microplastics (MPs) are very small size plastic (<5 mm) present in environment, which comes from industrial, agricultural and household wastes. Plastic particles are more durable due to the presence of plasticizers and chemicals or additives. These plastics pollutants are more resistant to degradation. Inadequate recycling and excessive use of plastics lead to a large amount of waste accumulating in the terrestrial ecosystem, causing a risk to humans and animals. Thus, there is an urgent need to control microplastic pollution by employing different microorganisms to overcome this hazardous issue for the environment. Biological degradation depends upon different aspects, including chemical structure, functional group, molecular weight, crystallinity and additives. Molecular mechanisms for degradation of MPs through various enzymes have not extremely studied. It is necessary to degrade the MPs and overcome this problem. This review approaches different molecular mechanisms to degrade different types of microplastics and summarize the degradation efficiency of different types of bacteria, algae and fungal strains. The present study also summarizes the potential of microorganisms to degrade different polymers and the role of different enzymes in degradation of microplastics. To the outstanding of our awareness, this is the first article devoted to the role of microorganisms with their degradation efficiency. Furthermore, it also summarizes the role of intracellular and extracellular enzymes in biological degradation mechanism of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Deachen Angmo
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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33
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Wei J, Pan F, Ping H, Yang K, Wang Y, Wang Q, Fu Z. Bioinspired Additive Manufacturing of Hierarchical Materials: From Biostructures to Functions. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0164. [PMID: 37303599 PMCID: PMC10254471 DOI: 10.34133/research.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Throughout billions of years, biological systems have evolved sophisticated, multiscale hierarchical structures to adapt to changing environments. Biomaterials are synthesized under mild conditions through a bottom-up self-assembly process, utilizing substances from the surrounding environment, and meanwhile are regulated by genes and proteins. Additive manufacturing, which mimics this natural process, provides a promising approach to developing new materials with advantageous properties similar to natural biological materials. This review presents an overview of natural biomaterials, emphasizing their chemical and structural compositions at various scales, from the nanoscale to the macroscale, and the key mechanisms underlying their properties. Additionally, this review describes the designs, preparations, and applications of bioinspired multifunctional materials produced through additive manufacturing at different scales, including nano, micro, micro-macro, and macro levels. The review highlights the potential of bioinspired additive manufacturing to develop new functional materials and insights into future directions and prospects in this field. By summarizing the characteristics of natural biomaterials and their synthetic counterparts, this review inspires the development of new materials that can be utilized in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Wei
- Institute for Advanced Materials Deformation and Damage from Multi-Scale, Institute for Advanced Study,
Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Chemistry,
University of Basel, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Hang Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing,
Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Kun Yang
- Institute for Advanced Materials Deformation and Damage from Multi-Scale, Institute for Advanced Study,
Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials Deformation and Damage from Multi-Scale, Institute for Advanced Study,
Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing,
Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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Yoon Y, Park H, An S, Ahn JH, Kim B, Shin J, Kim YE, Yeon J, Chung JH, Kim D, Cho M. Bacterial degradation kinetics of poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) film by Aquabacterium sp. CY2-9 isolated from plastic-contaminated landfill. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117493. [PMID: 36822047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the identification of numerous bioplastic-degrading bacteria, the inconsistent rate of bioplastic degradation under differing cultivation conditions limits the intercomparison of results on biodegradation kinetics. In this study, we isolated a poly (Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)-degrading bacterium from a plastic-contaminated landfill and determined the principle-based biodegradation kinetics in a confined model system of varying cultivation conditions. Bacterial degradation of PCL films synthesized by different polymer number average molecular weights (Mn) and concentrations (% w/v) was investigated using both solid and liquid media at various temperatures. As a result, the most active gram-negative bacterial strain at ambient temperature (28 °C), designated CY2-9, was identified as Aquabacterium sp. Based on 16 S rRNA gene analysis. A clear zone around the bacterial colony was apparently exhibited during solid cultivation, and the diameter sizes increased with incubation time. During biodegradation processes in the PCL film, the thermal stability declined (determined by TGA; weight changes at critical temperature), whereas the crystalline proportion increased (determined by DSC; phase transition with temperature increment), implying preferential degradation of the amorphous region in the polymer structure. The surface morphologies (determined by SEM; electron optical system) were gradually hydrolyzed, creating destruction patterns as well as alterations in functional groups on film surfaces (determined by FT-IR; infrared spectrum of absorption or emission). In the kinetic study based on the weight loss of the PCL film (4.5 × 104 Da, 1% w/v), ∼1.5 (>±0.1) × 10-1 day-1 was obtained from linear regression for both solid and liquid media cultivation at 28 °C. The biodegradation efficiencies increased proportionally by a factor of 2.6-7.9, depending on the lower polymer number average molecular weight and lower concentration. Overall, our results are useful for measuring and/or predicting the degradation rates of PCL films by microorganisms in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggun Yoon
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea.
| | - Hyojung Park
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihyun An
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Ahn
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkyu Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jaedon Shin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Kim
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehyeong Yeon
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hui Chung
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Kim
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
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Qin S, Liu K, Wang Y, Ren D, Zhang S, Zhai Y, Ma H, Zhou X, Huang F. Constructing An All-Natural Bulk Structural Material from Surface-Charged Bamboo Cellulose Fibers with Enhanced Mechanical and Thermal Properties. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202185. [PMID: 36807548 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo is widely distributed, rapidly regenerable, and incorporates long cellulose fibers, which make it one of the most lightweight and strong natural materials. Processing bamboo into a high-performance structural material for plastic replacement is highly promising but challenging. In this study, an all-natural, high-performance structural material is derived from natural bamboo with superior mechanical and thermal properties that benefit from the introduction of surface charge and further layer-by-layer assembly of bamboo cellulose fibers. The obtained modified bamboo fiber plate (MBFP) transcends the constraints of the natural size and anisotropy of bamboo, showing high flexural strength (ca. 179 MPa) and flexural modulus (ca. 12 GPa). Moreover, the product has an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion (ca. 11.3×10-6 K-1 ), high thermal stability, and superior fire resistance. The excellent mechanical and thermal properties combined with the efficient and rational manufacturing process make MBFP a powerful plastic alternative for furniture, construction, and automotive industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shaoning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yangzhou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huihuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
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36
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Narmon AS, van Slagmaat CAMR, De Wildeman SMA, Dusselier M. Sustainable Polythioesters via Thio(no)lactones: Monomer Synthesis, Ring-Opening Polymerization, End-of-Life Considerations, and Industrial Perspectives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202276. [PMID: 36649173 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As the environmental effects of plastics are of ever greater concern, the industry is driven towards more sustainable polymers. Besides sustainability, our fast-developing society imposes the need for highly versatile materials. Whereas aliphatic polyesters (PEs) are widely adopted and studied as next-generation biobased and (bio)degradable materials, their sulfur-containing analogs, polythioesters (PTEs), only recently gained attention. Nevertheless, the introduction of S atoms is known to often enhance thermal, mechanical, electrochemical, and optical properties, offering prospects for broad applicability. Furthermore, thanks to their thioester-based backbone, PTEs are inherently susceptible to degradation, giving them a high sustainability potential. The key route to PTEs is through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of thio(no)lactones. This Review critically discusses the (potential) sustainability of the most relevant state-of-the-art in every step from sulfur source to end-of-life treatment options of PTEs, obtained through ROP of thio(no)lactones. The benefits and drawbacks of PTEs versus PEs are highlighted, including their industrial perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Sofie Narmon
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- B4Plastics BV, IQ-Parklaan 2 A, 3650, Dilsen-Stokkem, Belgium
| | | | | | - Michiel Dusselier
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Zhou G, Zhang H, Su Z, Zhang X, Zhou H, Yu L, Chen C, Wang X. A Biodegradable, Waterproof, and Thermally Processable Cellulosic Bioplastic Enabled by Dynamic Covalent Modification. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2301398. [PMID: 37127887 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The growing environmental concern over petrochemical-based plastics continuously promotes the exploration of green and sustainable substitute materials. Compared with petrochemical products, cellulose has overwhelming superiority in terms of availability, cost, and biodegradability; however, cellulose's dense hydrogen-bonding network and highly ordered crystalline structure make it hard to be thermoformed. A strategy to realize the partial disassociation of hydrogen bonds in cellulose and the reassembly of cellulose chains via constructing a dynamic covalent network, thereby endowing cellulose with thermal processability as indicated by the observation of a moderate glass transition temperature (Tg = 240 °C), is proposed. Moreover, the cellulosic bioplastic delivers a high tensile strength of 67 MPa, as well as excellent moisture and solvent resistance, good recyclability, and biodegradability in nature. With these advantageous features, the developed cellulosic bioplastic represents a promising alternative to traditional plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Su
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haonan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Yu
- Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chaoji Chen
- Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Eelager MP, Masti SP, Chougale RB, Hiremani VD, Narasgoudar SS, Dalbanjan NP, S K PK. Evaluation of mechanical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of vanillic acid induced chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) active films to prolong the shelf life of green chilli. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123499. [PMID: 36736522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Vanillic acid incorporated chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) active films were prepared by employing a cost-effective solvent casting technique. FTIR investigation validated the intermolecular interaction and formation of Schiff's base (C=N) between functional groups of vanillic acid, chitosan, and poly(vinyl alcohol). The addition of vanillic acid resulted in homogenous and dense morphology, as confirmed by SEM micrographs. The tensile strength of active films increased from 32 to 59 MPa as the amount of vanillic acid increased and the obtained values are more significant than reported polyethylene (2231 MPa) and polypropylene (31-38 MPa) films, widely utilized in food packaging. Active film's UV, water, and oxygen barrier properties exhibited excellent results with the incorporation of vanillic acid. Around 40 % of degradation commences within 15 days. Synergistic impact against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans pathogens caused the expansion of the inhibition zone, evidenced by the excellent antimicrobial activity. The highest antioxidant capacity, 73.65 % of CPV-4 active film, proved that active films could prevent the spoilage of food from oxidation. Green chillies packaging was carried out to examine the potential of prepared active films as packaging material results in successfully sustaining carotenoid accumulation and prolonging the shelf life compared to conventional polyethylene (PE) packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath P Eelager
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad 580 001, Karnataka, India
| | - Saraswati P Masti
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad 580 001, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ravindra B Chougale
- PG Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishram D Hiremani
- Department of Chemistry, Tungal School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Jamkhandi 587301, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Praveen Kumar S K
- PG Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
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Liu C, Han Z, Yan X, Yu J, Zhang Q, Wang D, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Rheological and mechanical properties, heat resistance and hydrolytic degradation of poly(butylene succinate‐
co
‐adipate)/stereocomplex polylactide blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266510 China
| | - Zhengyi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Jinshuo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266510 China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
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40
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Kawada J, Kitou M, Mouri M, Ario T, Kato K. Invention of biobased polymer alloys and their application in plastic automobile parts. Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-023-00760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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41
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Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca M, de la Cruz-Martínez F, Sánchez-Barba LF, Tejeda J, Rodríguez AM, Castro-Osma JA, Lara-Sánchez A. One-pot terpolymerization of CHO, CO 2 and L-lactide using chloride indium catalysts. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3482-3492. [PMID: 36843480 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Ring-opening copolymerization reactions of epoxides, carbon dioxide and cyclic esters to produce copolymers is a promising strategy to prepare CO2-based polymeric materials. In this contribution, bimetallic chloride indium complexes have been developed as catalysts for the copolymerization processes of cyclohexene oxide, carbon dioxide and L-lactide under mild reaction conditions. The catalysts displayed good catalytic activity and excellent selectivity towards the preparation of poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) at one bar CO2 pressure in the absence of a co-catalyst. Additionally, polyester-polycarbonate copolymers poly(lactide-co-cyclohexene carbonate) (PLA-co-PCHC) were obtained via an one-pot one-step route without the use of a co-catalyst. The degree of incorporation of carbon dioxide can be easily modulated by changing the CO2 pressure and the monomer feed, resulting in copolymers with different thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Luis F Sánchez-Barba
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Tejeda
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Ana M Rodríguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - José A Castro-Osma
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, 02071-Albacete, Spain.
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
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42
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Cannon JA, Reynolds TB. Synergistic Mutations Create Bacillus Subtilisin Variants with Enhanced Poly-l-Lactic Acid Depolymerization Activity. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1141-1154. [PMID: 36780360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic recycling of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) plastic has recently become an area of interest; however, investigation of enzymatic mechanisms and engineering strategies to improve activity remains limited. In this study, we have identified a subtilisin from Bacillus pumilus that has the ability to depolymerize high-molecular-weight PLLA. We performed a comparative, mutational analysis of this enzyme with a less active homologue from Bacillus subtilis to determine residues favored for activity. Our results demonstrate that both enzymes contain residues favored for PLLA depolymerization, with the generation of several hyperactive variants. In silico modeling suggests that increases in activity are due to opening of the binding pockets and increased surface hydrophobicity. Combinations of hyperactive mutations have synergistic effects with the generation of subtilisin variants with 830- and 184-fold increases in activity for B. subtilis and B. pumilus subtilisins, respectively. One B. pumilus subtilisin variant can visibly dissolve high-molecular-weight PLLA films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Cannon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Todd B Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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43
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Advances in chitin-based nanoparticle use in biodegradable polymers: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120789. [PMID: 37059529 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Chitin-based nanoparticles are polysaccharide materials that can be produced from a waste stream of the seafood industry: crustacean shells. These nanoparticles have received exponentially growing attention, especially in the field of medicine and agriculture owing to their renewable origin, biodegradability, facile modification, and functionality adjustment. Due to their exceptional mechanical strength and high surface area, chitin-based nanoparticles are ideal candidates for reinforcing biodegradable plastics to ultimately replace traditional plastics. This review discusses the preparation methods for chitin-based nanoparticles and their applications. Special focus is on biodegradable plastics for food packaging making use of the features that can be created by the chitin-based nanoparticles.
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44
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Xu M, Chen A, Li W, Li Y, Zou C, Chen C. Efficient Synthesis of Polar Functionalized Polyolefins with High Biomass Content. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Menghe Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yougui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chen Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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45
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Qin J, Lin Z, Liang J, Liao D, Luo J, Huo Y, Gao L. Arrested Phase Separation Enables Optimal Light Management toward High-Performance Passive Radiative Cooling Film. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zequn Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianlun Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Daihui Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiye Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang, 515200, China
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46
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Babaei-Ghazvini A, Acharya B. Crosslinked poly (vinyl alcohol) composite reinforced with tunicate, wood, and hybrid cellulose nanocrystals: Comparative physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1048-1058. [PMID: 36460242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of sustainable and biodegradable composites has gained increasing attention in recent years. Effective interaction and adhesion between polymers and fillers are crucial. In this study, the effect of different aspect ratios of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and their hybrid within a crosslinked poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite has been investigated to develop biodegradable materials. The physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the specimens have been studied. SEM images indicate that the addition of CNC reduced the porosity of the films. The XPS results confirmed the significant formation of covalent bonds for all composites except those reinforced with wood-CNC, which showed a lower amount of crosslinking and CC formation. EDS maps reveals that the dispersity of the CNCs could be different depending on the aspect ratio of the CNCs. Results from the solubility in water (SW) tests indicated that the use of hybrid-CNC in a crosslinked system decreased the SW significantly. The crosslinking and addition of CNC to the PVA composite led to improved mechanical properties. Elongation at break (EB) decreased significantly for the crosslinked hybrid-CNC nanocomposite. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the aspect ratio of CNCs as fillers in nanocomposites may contribute to their physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal properties for the development of biodegradable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Babaei-Ghazvini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
| | - Bishnu Acharya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
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Ilangovan M, Gan H, Kabe T, Iwata T. Bio-based polymer blend with tunable properties developed from paramylon hexanoate and poly(butylene succinate). POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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48
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Jiang Y, Zhu H, Chen J, Liao S. Organocatalytic [2 + 2] Photopolymerization under Visible Light: Accessing Sustainable Polymers from Cinnamic Acids. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200702. [PMID: 36404649 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the successful development of a metal-free, solution [2 + 2] photopolymerization of natural cinnamic acid-derived bisolefinic monomers is reported, which is enabled by a strategy based on direct triplet state access via energy transfer catalysis. 2,2'-Methoxythioxanthone has been identified as an effective organic photocatalyst for the [2 + 2] photopolymerization in solution, which can be excited by visible light and activate the biscinnamate monomers via triplet energy transfer. This method features its metal-free conditions, visible light utilization, solution polymerization, and abundant biomass-based feedstock, as well as processable polymer products, which is different from the rigid, insoluble products obtained from solid-state photopolymerization. This solution polymerization method also shows a good compatibility to monomer structures; cinnamic acid-derived bisolefinic monomers with different linkers, including diamine, natural diol, and bisphenol, can all readily undergo [2 + 2] photopolymerization, and be transformed into colorless, sustainable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Beijing, 100190, China
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Degradation of Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastic and Its Contribution to Soil Organic Carbon Stock. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030660. [PMID: 36771962 PMCID: PMC9919936 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Expanding the use of environmentally friendly materials to protect the environment is one of the key factors in maintaining a sustainable ecological balance. Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) is considered among the most promising bio-based and biodegradable plastics for the future with a high number of applications in soil and agriculture. Therefore, the decomposition process of PBSA and its consequences for the carbon stored in soil require careful monitoring. For the first time, the stable isotope technique was applied in the current study to partitioning plastic- and soil-originated C in the CO2 released during 80 days of PBSA decomposition in a Haplic Chernozem soil as dependent on nitrogen availability. The decomposition of the plastic was accompanied by the C loss from soil organic matter (SOM) through priming, which in turn was dependent on added N. Nitrogen facilitated PBSA decomposition and reduced the priming effect during the first 6 weeks of the experiment. During the 80 days of plastic decomposition, 30% and 49% of the released CO2 were PBSA-derived, while the amount of SOM-derived CO2 exceeded the corresponding controls by 100.2 and 132.3% in PBSA-amended soil without and with N fertilization, respectively. Finally, only 4.1% and 5.4% of the PBSA added into the soil was mineralized to CO2, in the treatments without and with N amendment, respectively.
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pH-Responsive Carbon Foams with Switchable Wettability Made from Larch Sawdust for Oil Recovery. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030638. [PMID: 36771939 PMCID: PMC9920805 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The global challenge of oil pollution calls for the efficient selective recovery of oil or organics from oil-water mixtures. A pH-responsive carbon foam (CF) made from liquefied larch sawdust (LLS) with switchable wettability was fabricated in this work. After grafted with poly 4-vinyl pyridine (P4vp), the CF obtained a switchable wettability surface, which allowed the CF to exhibit superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity at different pH levels, respectively. The results revealed that the pH-responsive CF possessed a three-dimensional (3D) spongy-like skeleton and porous structure with a diameter between 50 and 200 µm. Thus, the pH-responsive CF could absorb 15-35 g/g of oil/organics in a neutral aqueous solution at pH = 7 and desorb all the absorbate within 40 s after immersion in an aqueous solution at pH = 1. Moreover, only about 2.8% loss was observed for organic (chloroform) absorption and recovery after reusing up to 15 cycles, which indicated promising prospects in oil and organic recovery.
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