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Zhang H, Lu Y, Huang L, Liu P, Ni J, Yang T, Li Y, Zhong Y, He X, Xia X, Zhou J. Scalable and Versatile Metal Ion Solidificated Alginate Hydrogel for Skin Wound Infection Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303688. [PMID: 38481054 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections in wounds continue to be a major challenge in clinical settings worldwide and represent a significant threat to human health. This work proposes novel expandable and versatile methods for solidifying sodium alginate (SA) with metal ions (such as Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) to create Metal-Alginate (M-Alg) hydrogel with adjustable morphology, composition, and microstructure. It conforms to the wound site, protects against second infection, reduces inflammation, and promotes the healing of infected wounds. Among these hydrogels, Cu-Alginate (Cu-Alg) shows excellent sterilization effect and good efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) due to its dual antibacterial mechanisms: contact-killing and reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. Importantly, it exhibits low cytotoxicity and biodegradability. This simple and cost-effective gel-based system has the potential to introduce an innovative approach to the management of wound infection and offers promising new perspectives for the advancement of wound care practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Tianqi Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinping He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiancang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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Bao J, Mi J, Xia Y, Gui H, Jia H, Wang D, Luo H, Su L, Zhang J, Liu J, Liu J. Heme-Mimetic Photosensitizer with Iron-Targeting and Internalizing Properties for Enhancing PDT Activity and Promoting Infected Diabetic Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4116-4132. [PMID: 38772009 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The management of multibacterial infections remains clinically challenging in the care and treatment of chronic diabetic wounds. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a promising approach to addressing bacterial infections. However, the limited target specificity and internalization properties of traditional photosensitizers (PSs) toward Gram-negative bacteria pose significant challenges to their antibacterial efficacy. In this study, we designed an iron heme-mimetic PS (MnO2@Fe-TCPP(Zn)) based on the iron dependence of bacteria that can be assimilated by bacteria and retained in different bacteria strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and which shows high PDT antibacterial efficacy. For accelerated wound healing after antibacterial treatment, MnO2@Fe-TCPP(Zn) was loaded into a zwitterionic hydrogel with biocompatibility and antifouling properties to form a nanocomposite antibacterial hydrogel (PSB-MnO2@Fe-TCPP(Zn)). In the multibacterial infectious diabetic mouse wound model, the PSB-MnO2@Fe-TCPP(Zn) hydrogel dressing rapidly promoted skin regeneration by effectively inhibiting bacterial infections, eliminating inflammation, and promoting angiogenesis. This study provides an avenue for developing broad-spectrum antibacterial nanomaterials for combating the antibiotic resistance crisis and promoting the healing of complex bacterially infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Han Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Haixue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Dianyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Linzhu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
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Batista BB, de Lima VM, Picinato BA, Koide T, da Silva Neto JF. A quorum-sensing regulatory cascade for siderophore-mediated iron homeostasis in Chromobacterium violaceum. mSystems 2024; 9:e0139723. [PMID: 38501880 PMCID: PMC11019928 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01397-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is a transition metal used as a cofactor in many biochemical reactions. In bacteria, iron homeostasis involves Fur-mediated de-repression of iron uptake systems, such as the iron-chelating compounds siderophores. In this work, we identified and characterized novel regulatory systems that control siderophores in the environmental opportunistic pathogen Chromobacterium violaceum. Screening of a 10,000-transposon mutant library for siderophore halos identified seven possible regulatory systems involved in siderophore-mediated iron homeostasis in C. violaceum. Further characterization revealed a regulatory cascade that controls siderophores involving the transcription factor VitR acting upstream of the quorum-sensing (QS) system CviIR. Mutation of the regulator VitR led to an increase in siderophore halos, and a decrease in biofilm, violacein, and protease production. We determined that these effects occurred due to VitR-dependent de-repression of vioS. Increased VioS leads to direct inhibition of the CviR regulator by protein-protein interaction. Indeed, insertion mutations in cviR and null mutations of cviI and cviR led to an increase of siderophore halos. RNA-seq of the cviI and cviR mutants revealed that CviR regulates CviI-dependent and CviI-independent regulons. Classical QS-dependent processes (violacein, proteases, and antibiotics) were activated at high cell density by both CviI and CviR. However, genes related to iron homeostasis and many other processes were regulated by CviR but not CviI, suggesting that CviR acts without its canonical CviI autoinducer. Our data revealed a complex regulatory cascade involving QS that controls siderophore-mediated iron homeostasis in C. violaceum.IMPORTANCEThe iron-chelating compounds siderophores play a major role in bacterial iron acquisition. Here, we employed a genetic screen to identify novel siderophore regulatory systems in Chromobacterium violaceum, an opportunistic human pathogen. Many mutants with increased siderophore halos had transposon insertions in genes encoding transcription factors, including a novel regulator called VitR, and CviR, the regulator of the quorum-sensing (QS) system CviIR. We found that VitR is upstream in the pathway and acts as a dedicated repressor of vioS, which encodes a direct CviR-inhibitory protein. Indeed, all QS-related phenotypes of a vitR mutant were rescued in a vitRvioS mutant. At high cell density, CviIR activated classical QS-dependent processes (violacein, proteases, and antibiotics production). However, genes related to iron homeostasis and type-III and type-VI secretion systems were regulated by CviR in a CviI- or cell density-independent manner. Our data unveil a complex regulatory cascade integrating QS and siderophores in C. violaceum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca B. Batista
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius M. de Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A. Picinato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tie Koide
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José F. da Silva Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sun W, Sun J, Ding Q, Qi M, Zhou J, Shi Y, Liu J, Won M, Sun X, Bai X, Dong B, Kim JS, Wang L. Breaking Iron Homeostasis: Iron Capturing Nanocomposites for Combating Bacterial Biofilm. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319690. [PMID: 38320965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Given the scarcity of novel antibiotics, the eradication of bacterial biofilm infections poses formidable challenges. Upon bacterial infection, the host restricts Fe ions, which are crucial for bacterial growth and maintenance. Having coevolved with the host, bacteria developed adaptive pathways like the hemin-uptake system to avoid iron deficiency. Inspired by this, we propose a novel strategy, termed iron nutritional immunity therapy (INIT), utilizing Ga-CT@P nanocomposites constructed with gallium, copper-doped tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) metal-organic framework, and polyamine-amine polymer dots, to target bacterial iron intakes and starve them. Owing to the similarity between iron/hemin and gallium/TCPP, gallium-incorporated porphyrin potentially deceives bacteria into uptaking gallium ions and concurrently extracts iron ions from the surrounding bacteria milieu through the porphyrin ring. This strategy orchestrates a "give and take" approach for Ga3+/Fe3+ exchange. Simultaneously, polymer dots can impede bacterial iron metabolism and serve as real-time fluorescent iron-sensing probes to continuously monitor dynamic iron restriction status. INIT based on Ga-CT@P nanocomposites induced long-term iron starvation, which affected iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism, ultimately facilitating biofilm eradication and tissue regeneration. Therefore, this study presents an innovative antibacterial strategy from a nutritional perspective that sheds light on refractory bacterial infection treatment and its future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qihang Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of, Korea
| | - Manlin Qi
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yujia Shi
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Miae Won
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of, Korea
- TheranoChem Incorporation, Seoul, 02856, Republic of, Korea
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of, Korea
- TheranoChem Incorporation, Seoul, 02856, Republic of, Korea
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Durcik M, Cruz CD, Scorciapino MA, Ilaš J, Tammela P, Ceccarelli M, Mašič LP, Tomašič T. Benzothiazole DNA gyrase inhibitors and their conjugates with siderophore mimics: design, synthesis and evaluation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2905-2917. [PMID: 38239435 PMCID: PMC10794952 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08337c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzothiazole-based bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibitors are promising new antibacterial agents with potent activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The aim of this study was to improve the uptake of these inhibitors into the cytoplasm of Gram-negative bacteria by conjugating them to the small siderophore mimics. The best conjugate 18b displayed potent Escherichia coli DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibition. The interaction analysis of molecular dynamics simulation trajectory showed the important contribution of the siderophore mimic moiety to binding affinity. By NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the hydroxypyridinone moiety alone was responsible for the chelation of iron(iii). Moreover, 18b showed an enhancement of antibacterial activity against E. coli JW5503 in an iron-depleted medium, clearly indicating an increased uptake of 18b in this bacterial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Durcik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Cristina D Cruz
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki P. O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E) FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Mariano Andrea Scorciapino
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato - S. P. 8 km 0.700 09042 - Monserrato (CA) Italy
| | - Janez Ilaš
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki P. O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E) FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics and IOM/CNR, Sezione di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato - S. P. 8 km 0700 09042 - Monserrato (CA) Italy
| | - Lucija Peterlin Mašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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Wang L, Zhu J, Chen L, Du H. Cefiderocol: Clinical application and emergence of resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 72:101034. [PMID: 38134561 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial drug resistance of gram-negative bacteria (GNB) results in high morbidity and mortality of GNB infection, seriously threaten human health globally. Developing new antibiotics has become the critical need for dealing with drug-resistant bacterial infections. Cefiderocol is an iron carrier cephalosporin that achieves drug accumulation through a unique "Trojan horse" strategy into the bacterial periplasm. It shows high antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae and MDR non-fermentative bacteria. The application of cefiderocol offers new hope for treating clinical drug-resistant bacterial infections. However, limited clinical data and uncertainties about its resistance mechanisms constrain the choice of its therapeutic use. This review aimed to summarize the clinical applications, drug resistance mechanisms, and co-administration of cefiderocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, United States; Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China.
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Chen B, Wang Y, Xie F, Liu H, Dai H. Identification of siderophores blocking infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Kitasatospora sp. LS1784. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024; 77:4-12. [PMID: 37950064 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Siderophores are low-molecular-mass, high-affinity chelators of Fe3+ ions that are critical for the survival of bacteria in ferric deficient environment. Exogenous siderophores are potential bacteriostat by disrupting the iron-uptake process of pathogens. In our previous work to discover siderophores, strain LS1784 was previously predicted to produce new catecholate-type siderophores by genome analysis but no compounds were obtained. In this work, we reclassified train LS1784 as Kitasatospora sp. LS1784 according to the genome phylogenetic analysis. Then guided by CAS colorimetric assay and molecular network analysis, four catecholate-type siderophores were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of LS1784 which were coincident with the initial prediction. Notably, compounds 2 and 3 were reported for the first time. Following activity screening, compound 3 showed sufficient anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infection activity in Caenorhabditis elegans infection models, whereas all compounds exhibited no antimicrobial activity. These results indicated that compound 3 can enhance the survival of P. aeruginosa infecting C. elegans by reducing the virulence of P. aeruginosa rather than killing P. aeruginosa, which aligns with our previous findings. Moreover, these findings highlight the effectiveness of comprehensive approaches, including genome mining, CAS (Chromeazurol S) testing, and molecular network (MN) analysis, in identifying potential siderophores, thereby expanding the siderophores arsenal in bacteria for the development of anti-infective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Feng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Rivera M. Mobilization of iron stored in bacterioferritin, a new target for perturbing iron homeostasis and developing antibacterial and antibiofilm molecules. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112306. [PMID: 37451083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. The care of chronic infections is complicated by bacterial biofilms. Biofilm embedded cells can be up to 1000-fold more tolerant to antibiotic treatment than planktonic cells. Antibiotic tolerance is a condition which does not involve mutation and enables bacteria to survive in the presence of antibiotics. The antibiotic tolerance of biofilm-cells often renders antibiotics ineffective, even against strains that do not carry resistance-impairing mutations. This review discusses bacterial iron homeostasis and the strategies being developed to target this bacterial vulnerability, with emphasis on a recently proposed approach which aims at targeting the iron storage protein bacterioferritin (Bfr) and its physiological partner, the ferredoxin Bfd. Bfr regulates cytosolic iron concentrations by oxidizing Fe2+ and storing Fe3+ in its internal cavity, and by forming a complex with Bfd to reduce Fe3+ in the internal cavity and release Fe2+ to the cytosol. Blocking the Bfr-Bfd complex in P. aeruginosa cells causes an irreversible accumulation of Fe3+ in BfrB and simultaneous cytosolic iron depletion, which leads to impaired biofilm maintenance and biofilm cell death. Recently discovered small molecule inhibitors of the Bfr-Bfd complex, which bind Bfr at the Bfd binding site, inhibit iron mobilization, and elicit biofilm cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Chan AN, Chen X, Falco JA, Bak DW, Weerapana E, Li B. Chemoproteomics Reveals Disruption of Metal Homeostasis and Metalloproteins by the Antibiotic Holomycin. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1909-1914. [PMID: 37561838 PMCID: PMC10569480 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The natural product holomycin contains a unique cyclic ene-disulfide and exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Reduced holomycin chelates metal ions with a high affinity and disrupts metal homeostasis in the cell. To identify cellular metalloproteins inhibited by holomycin, reactive-cysteine profiling was performed using isotopic tandem orthogonal proteolysis-activity-based protein profiling (isoTOP-ABPP). This chemoproteomic analysis demonstrated that holomycin treatment increases the reactivity of metal-coordinating cysteine residues in several zinc-dependent and iron-sulfur cluster-dependent enzymes, including carbonic anhydrase II and fumarase A. We validated that holomycin inhibits fumarase A activity in bacterial cells and diminishes the presence of iron-sulfur clusters in fumarase A. Whole-proteome abundance analysis revealed that holomycin treatment induces zinc and iron starvation and cellular stress. This study suggests that holomycin inhibits bacterial growth by impairing the functions of multiple metalloenzymes and sets the stage for investigating the impact of metal-binding molecules on metalloproteomes by using chemoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Julia A Falco
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Daniel W Bak
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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10
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Zhang H, Zhao Z, Guan W, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Liu F, Luo Q, Liu J, Ni J, He N, Guo D, Li L, Xing Q. Nano-Selenium inhibited antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors by suppressing bacterial selenocompound metabolism and chemotaxis pathways in animal manure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115277. [PMID: 37499390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) found in animal manure pose significant risks to human health. However, the effects of graphene sodium selenite (GSSe), a novel chemical nano-Selenium, and biological nano-Selenium (BNSSe), a new bioaugmentation nano-Se, on bacterial Se metabolism, chemotaxis, ARGs, and VFs in animal manure remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of GSSe and BNSSe on ARGs and VFs expression in broiler manure using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that BNSSe reduced Se pressure during anaerobic fermentation by inhibiting bacterial selenocompound metabolism pathways, thereby lowering manure Selenium pollution. Additionally, the expression levels of ARGs and VFs were lower in the BNSSe group compared to the Sodium Selenite and GSSe groups, as BNSSe inhibited bacterial chemotaxis pathways. Co-occurrence network analysis identified ARGs and VFs within the following phyla Bacteroidetes (genera Butyricimonas, Odoribacter, Paraprevotella, and Rikenella), Firmicutes (genera Lactobacillus, Candidatus_Borkfalkia, Merdimonas, Oscillibacter, Intestinimonas, and Megamonas), and Proteobacteria (genera Desulfovibrio). The expression and abundance of ARGs and VFs genes were found to be associated with ARGs-VFs coexistence. Moreover, BNSSe disruption of bacterial selenocompound metabolism and chemotaxis pathways resulted in less frequent transfer of ARGs and VFs. These findings indicate that BNSSe can reduce ARGs and VFs expression in animal manure by suppressing bacterial selenocompound metabolism and chemotaxis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Weikun Guan
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Yuhong Zhong
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Qilong Zhou
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Fuyu Liu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Qi Luo
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Jian Ni
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Ning He
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China
| | - Lizhi Li
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China.
| | - Qingfeng Xing
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun 336000, China.
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11
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Grunwald MA, Hagenlocher SE, Turkanovic L, Bauch SM, Wachsmann SB, Altevogt LA, Ebert M, Knöller JA, Raab AR, Schulz F, Kolmangadi MA, Zens A, Huber P, Schönhals A, Bilitiewski U, Laschat S. Does thermotropic liquid crystalline self-assembly control biological activity in amphiphilic amino acids? - tyrosine ILCs as a case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37366119 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00485f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic amino acids represent promising scaffolds for biologically active soft matter. In order to understand the bulk self-assembly of amphiphilic amino acids into thermotropic liquid crystalline phases and their biological properties a series of tyrosine ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) was synthesized, carrying a benzoate unit with 0-3 alkoxy chains at the tyrosine unit and a cationic guanidinium head group. Investigation of the mesomorphic properties by polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (WAXS, SAXS) revealed smectic A bilayers (SmAd) for ILCs with 4-alkoxy- and 3,4-dialkoxybenzoates, whereas ILCs with 3,4,5-trisalkoxybenzoates showed hexagonal columnar mesophases (Colh), while different counterions had only a minor influence. Dielectric measurements revealed a slightly higher dipole moment of non-mesomorphic tyrosine-benzoates as compared to their mesomorphic counterparts. The absence of lipophilic side chains on the benzoate unit was important for the biological activity. Thus, non-mesomorphic tyrosine benzoates and crown ether benzoates devoid of additional side chains at the benzoate unit displayed the highest cytotoxicities (against L929 mouse fibroblast cell line) and antimicrobial activity (against Escherichia coli ΔTolC and Staphylococcus aureus) and promising selectivity ratio in favour of antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco André Grunwald
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Selina Emilie Hagenlocher
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Larissa Turkanovic
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Soeren Magnus Bauch
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | - Luca Alexa Altevogt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Max Ebert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Julius Agamemnon Knöller
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Aileen Rebecca Raab
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Finn Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Patrick Huber
- Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22605 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Hybrid Nanostructures ChyN, University Hamburg, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ursula Bilitiewski
- AG Compound Profiling and Screening, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstr. 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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12
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Lai YH, Franke R, Pinkert L, Overwin H, Brönstrup M. Molecular Signatures of the Eagle Effect Induced by the Artificial Siderophore Conjugate LP-600 in E. coli. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:567-581. [PMID: 36763039 PMCID: PMC10012262 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Achieving cellular uptake is a central challenge for novel antibiotics targeting Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. One strategy is to hijack the bacterial iron transport system by siderophore-antibiotic conjugates that are actively imported into the cell. This was realized with the MECAM-ampicillin conjugate LP-600 we recently reported that was highly active against E. coli. In the present study, we investigate a paradoxical regrowth of E. coli upon treatment of LP-600 at concentrations 16-32 times above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The phenomenon, coined "Eagle-effect" in other systems, was not due to resistance formation, and it occurred for the siderophore conjugate but not for free ampicillin. To investigate the molecular imprint of the Eagle effect, a combined transcriptome and untargeted metabolome analysis was conducted. LP-600 induced the expression of genes involved in iron acquisition, SOS response, and the e14 prophage upon regrowth conditions. The Eagle effect was diminished in the presence of sulbactam, which we ascribe to a putative synergistic antibiotic action but not to β-lactamase inhibition. The study highlights the relevance of the Eagle effect for siderophore conjugates. Through the first systematic -omics investigations, it also demonstrates that the Eagle effect manifests not only in a paradoxical growth but also in unique gene expression and metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Lai
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Raimo Franke
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lukas Pinkert
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heike Overwin
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University, 30159 Hannover, Germany
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13
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Arshad JZ, Hanif M. Hydroxypyrone derivatives in drug discovery: from chelation therapy to rational design of metalloenzyme inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1127-1149. [PMID: 36325396 PMCID: PMC9579940 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00175f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The versatile structural motif of hydroxypyrone is found in natural products and can be easily converted into hydroxypyridone and hydroxythiopyridone analogues. The favourable toxicity profile and ease of functionalization to access a vast library of compounds make them an ideal structural scaffold for drug design and discovery. This versatile scaffold possesses excellent metal chelating properties that can be exploited for chelation therapy in clinics. Deferiprone [1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-one] was the first orally active chelator to treat iron overload in thalassemia major. Metal complexes of hydroxy-(thio)pyr(id)ones have been investigated as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, and anticancer and antidiabetic agents. In recent years, this compound class has demonstrated potential in discovering and developing metalloenzyme inhibitors. This review article summarizes recent literature on hydroxy-(thio)pyr(id)ones as inhibitors for metalloenzymes such as histone deacetylases, tyrosinase and metallo-β-lactamase. Different approaches to the design of hydroxy-(thio)pyr(id)ones and their biological properties against selected metalloenzymes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahan Zaib Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Sialkot Sialkot Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand (+64) 9 373 7599 ext. 87422
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Wellington New Zealand
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14
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Liu K, Abouelhassan Y, Zhang Y, Jin S, Huigens Iii RW. Transcript Profiling of Nitroxoline-Treated Biofilms Shows Rapid Up-regulation of Iron Acquisition Gene Clusters. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1594-1605. [PMID: 35830188 PMCID: PMC10549994 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities of slow- or non-replicating cells embedded within a protective matrix of biomolecules. Unlike free-floating planktonic bacteria, biofilms are innately tolerant to conventional antibiotics and are prevalent in recurring and chronic infections. Nitroxoline, a broad-spectrum biofilm-eradicating agent, was used to probe biofilm viability. Transcript profiling (RNA-seq) showed that 452 of 2594 genes (17.4%) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms were differentially expressed after a 2 h treatment of nitroxoline. WoPPER analysis and time-course validation (RT-qPCR) revealed that gene clusters involved in iron acquisition (sbn, isd, MW2101, MW0695, fhu, and feo) were rapidly up-regulated following nitroxoline treatment, which is indicative of iron starvation in MRSA biofilms. In addition, genes related to oligopeptide transporters and riboflavin biosynthesis were found to be up-regulated, while genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis and nitrate assimilation were down-regulated. RT-qPCR experiments revealed that iron uptake transcripts were also up-regulated in established Staphylococcus epidermidis and Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms following nitroxoline treatment. Overall, we show RNA-seq to be an ideal platform to define cellular pathways critical for biofilm survival, in addition to demonstrating the need these bacterial communities have for iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Yasmeen Abouelhassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), Gene Expression and Genotyping, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Shouguang Jin
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Robert W Huigens Iii
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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15
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Liu K, Brivio M, Xiao T, Norwood VM, Kim YS, Jin S, Papagni A, Vaghi L, Huigens RW. Modular Synthetic Routes to Fluorine-Containing Halogenated Phenazine and Acridine Agents That Induce Rapid Iron Starvation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:280-295. [PMID: 35089005 PMCID: PMC9004446 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During infection, bacteria use an arsenal of resistance mechanisms to negate antibiotic therapies. In addition, pathogenic bacteria form surface-attached biofilms bearing enriched populations of metabolically dormant persister cells. Bacteria develop resistance in response to antibiotic insults; however, nonreplicating biofilms are innately tolerant to all classes of antibiotics. As such, molecules that can eradicate antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-tolerant bacteria are of importance. Here, we report modular synthetic routes to fluorine-containing halogenated phenazine (HP) and halogenated acridine (HA) agents with potent antibacterial and biofilm-killing activities. Nine fluorinated phenazines were rapidly accessed through a synthetic strategy involving (1) oxidation of fluorinated anilines to azobenzene intermediates, (2) SNAr with 2-methoxyaniline, and (3) cyclization to phenazines upon treatment with trifluoroacetic acid. Five structurally related acridine heterocycles were synthesized using SNAr and Buchwald-Hartwig approaches. From this focused collection, phenazines 5g, 5h, 5i, and acridine 9c demonstrated potent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive pathogens (MIC = 0.04-0.78 μM). Additionally, 5g and 9c eradicated Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis biofilms with excellent potency (5g, MBEC = 4.69-6.25 μM; 9c, MBEC = 4.69-50 μM). Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), 5g, 5h, 5i, and 9c rapidly induce the transcription of iron uptake biomarkers isdB and sbnC in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilms, and we conclude that these agents operate through iron starvation. Overall, fluorinated phenazine and acridine agents could lead to ground-breaking advances in the treatment of challenging bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Massimiliano Brivio
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Tao Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Verrill M. Norwood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Young S. Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Shouguang Jin
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Antonio Papagni
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Vaghi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Robert W. Huigens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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16
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Banerjee S, Chanakira MN, Hall J, Kerkan A, Dasgupta S, Martin DW. A review on bacterial redox dependent iron transporters and their evolutionary relationship. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 229:111721. [PMID: 35033753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential yet toxic micronutrient and its transport across biological membranes is tightly regulated in all living organisms. One such iron transporter, the Ftr-type permeases, is found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. These Ftr-type transporters are required for iron transport, predicted to form α-helical transmembrane structures, and conserve two ArgGluxxGlu (x = any amino acid) motifs. In the yeast Ftr transporter (Ftr1p), a ferroxidase (Fet3p) is required for iron transport in an oxidation coupled transport step. None of the bacterial Ftr-type transporters (EfeU and FetM from E. coli; cFtr from Campylobacter jejuni; FtrC from Brucella, Bordetella, and Burkholderia spp.) contain a ferroxidase protein. Bioinformatics report predicted periplasmic EfeO and FtrB (from the EfeUOB and FtrABCD systems) as novel cupredoxins. The Cu2+ binding and the ferrous oxidation properties of these proteins are uncharacterized and the other two bacterial Ftr-systems are expressed without any ferroxidase/cupredoxin, leading to controversy about the mode of function of these transporters. Here, we review published data on Ftr-type transporters to gain insight into their functional diversity. Based on original bioinformatics data presented here evolutionary relations between these systems are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambuddha Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Mina N Chanakira
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Jonathan Hall
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Alexa Kerkan
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Saumya Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University Kolkata, WB 700135, India
| | - Daniel W Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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17
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Zhang R, Genov M, Pretsch A, Pretsch D, Moloney MG. Metal Binding and Its Amelioration in Tetramates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12886-12907. [PMID: 34465089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metal chelation in tetramates may be ameliorated by changing the ligating group and by steric blocking, which in turn leads to a change in their antibacterial properties; the former was achieved by replacement of an amide with a C-9 C═N bond and the latter by the synthesis of cysteine-derived tetramates with functionalization at the C-6 or C-9 enolic groups. In both cases, the metal-chelating ability was weak, and a loss of antibacterial activity was observed. Tetramate alkylations with an extended tricarbonyl-conjugated system could be achieved under Mitsunobu conditions which led to regioisomers, distinguishable by careful heteronuclear multiple bond coherence correlation and carbonyl carbon chemical shift analysis. C-9 and C-6 O-alkylation were observed but not C-8 O-alkylation for tetramate carboxamides; interestingly, C-7 alkylation with allyl and prenyl derivatives was also observed, and this arose by the rearrangement of initially formed O-alkyl products. Only the C-7 alkylated tetramate derivatives 13a and 13d with no metal-chelating ability demonstrated promising antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with the most active analogue exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration of ≤ 1.95 μg/mL against MRSA, suggesting a mechanism of action independent of metal chelation. Otherwise, modifications at C-6/C-9 of tetramates led to a complete loss of metal-chelating ability, which correlated with the loss of antibacterial activity. This work further confirms that the metal-chelating capability is of fundamental importance in the biological activity of tetramates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhang
- The Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Miroslav Genov
- Oxford Antibiotic Group, The Oxford Science Park, Magdalen Centre, Oxford OX4 4GA, U.K
| | - Alexander Pretsch
- Oxford Antibiotic Group, The Oxford Science Park, Magdalen Centre, Oxford OX4 4GA, U.K
| | - Dagmar Pretsch
- Oxford Antibiotic Group, The Oxford Science Park, Magdalen Centre, Oxford OX4 4GA, U.K
| | - Mark G Moloney
- The Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Building A, 388 Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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18
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Zeng X, Wang H, Huang C, Logue CM, Barbieri NL, Nolan LK, Lin J. Evaluation of the Immunogenic Response of a Novel Enterobactin Conjugate Vaccine in Chickens for the Production of Enterobactin-Specific Egg Yolk Antibodies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:629480. [PMID: 33868248 PMCID: PMC8050339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive immunization with specific egg yolk antibodies (immunoglobulin Y, IgY) is emerging as a promising alternative to antibiotics to control bacterial infections. Recently, we developed a novel conjugate vaccine that could trigger a strong immune response in rabbits directed against enterobactin (Ent), a highly conserved siderophore molecule utilized by different Gram-negative pathogens. However, induction of Ent-specific antibodies appeared to be affected by the choice of animal host and vaccination regimen. It is still unknown if the Ent conjugate vaccine can trigger a specific immune response in layers for the purpose of production of anti-Ent egg yolk IgY. In this study, three chicken vaccination trials with different regimens were performed to determine conditions for efficient production of anti-Ent egg yolk IgY. Purified Ent was conjugated to three carrier proteins, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and CmeC (a subunit vaccine candidate), respectively. Intramuscular immunization of Barred Rock layers with KLH-Ent conjugate four times induced strong immune response against whole conjugate vaccine but the titer of Ent-specific IgY did not change in yolk with only a 4 fold increase detected in serum. In the second trial, three different Ent conjugate vaccines were evaluated in Rhode Island Red pullets with four subcutaneous injections. The KLH-Ent or CmeC-Ent conjugate consistently induced high level of Ent-specific IgY in both serum (up to 2,048 fold) and yolk (up to 1,024 fold) in each individual chicken. However, the Ent-specific immune response was only temporarily and moderately induced using a BSA-Ent vaccination. In the third trial, ten White Leghorn layers were subcutaneously immunized three times with KLH-Ent, leading to consistent and strong immune response against both whole conjugate and the Ent molecule in each chicken; the mean titer of Ent-specific IgY increased approximately 32 and 256 fold in serum and yolk, respectively. Consistent with its potent binding to various Ent derivatives, the Ent-specific egg yolk IgY also inhibited in vitro growth of a representative Escherichia coli strain. Together, this study demonstrated that the novel Ent conjugate vaccine could induce strong, specific, and robust immune response in chickens. The Ent-specific hyperimmune egg yolk IgY has potential for passive immune intervention against Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximin Zeng
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Huiwen Wang
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Canghai Huang
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.,College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Catherine M Logue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nicolle L Barbieri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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19
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Holbein BE, Ang MTC, Allan DS, Chen W, Lehmann C. Iron-withdrawing anti-infectives for new host-directed therapies based on iron dependence, the Achilles' heel of antibiotic-resistant microbes. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 19:2789-2808. [PMID: 33907538 PMCID: PMC8062846 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The iron dependence of antibiotic-resistant microbes represents an Achilles' heel that can be exploited broadly. The growing global problem of antibiotic resistance of microbial pathogens wherein microbes become resistant to the very antibiotics used against them during infection is linked not only to our health uses but also to agribusiness practices and the changing environment. Here we review mechanisms of microbial iron acquisition and host iron withdrawal defense, and the influence of iron withdrawal on the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant microbes are unaltered in their iron requirements, but iron withdrawal from microbes enhances the activities of various antibiotics and importantly suppresses outgrowth of antibiotic-exposed resistant microbial survivors. Of the three therapeutic approaches available to exploit microbial iron susceptibility, including (1) use of gallium as a non-functional iron analogue, (2) Trojan horse conjugates of microbial siderophores carrying antibiotics, and (3) new generation iron chelators, purposely designed as anti-microbials, the latter offers various advantages. For instance, these novel anti-microbial chelators overcome the limitations of conventional clinically-used hematological chelators which display host toxicity and are not useful antimicrobials. 3-Hydroxypyridin-4-one-containing polymeric chelators appear to have the highest potential. DIBI (developmental code name) is a well-developed lead candidate, being a low molecular weight, water-soluble copolymer with enhanced iron binding characteristics, strong anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities, low toxicity for animals and demonstrated freedom from microbial resistance development. DIBI has been shown to enhance antibiotic efficacy for antibiotic-resistant microbes during infection, and it also prevents recovery growth and resistance development during microbe exposure to various antibiotics. Because DIBI bolsters innate iron withdrawal defenses of the infected host, it has potential to provide a host-directed anti-infective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E. Holbein
- Chelation Partners Inc., #58, The Labs at Innovacorp, Life Sciences Research Institute, 1344 Summer Street, Halifax, NS B3H OA8 Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5859 College St., Halifax, NS B3H 1X5 Canada
| | - M. Trisha C. Ang
- Chelation Partners Inc., #58, The Labs at Innovacorp, Life Sciences Research Institute, 1344 Summer Street, Halifax, NS B3H OA8 Canada
| | - David S. Allan
- Chelation Partners Inc., #58, The Labs at Innovacorp, Life Sciences Research Institute, 1344 Summer Street, Halifax, NS B3H OA8 Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5859 College St., Halifax, NS B3H 1X5 Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
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20
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Xie F, Dai S, Zhao Y, Huang P, Yu S, Ren B, Wang Q, Ji Z, Alterovitz G, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Chen X, Jiang L, Song F, Liu H, Ausubel FM, Liu X, Dai H, Zhang L. Generation of Fluorinated Amychelin Siderophores against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections by a Combination of Genome Mining and Mutasynthesis. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1532-1543.e6. [PMID: 33186541 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pioneering microbial genomic surveys have revealed numerous untapped biosynthetic gene clusters, unveiling the great potential of new natural products. Here, using a combination of genome mining, mutasynthesis, and activity screening in an infection model comprising Caenorhabditis elegans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we identified candidate virulence-blocking amychelin siderophore compounds from actinomycetes. Subsequently, we developed unreported analogs of these virulence-blocking siderophores with improved potency by exploiting an Amycolatopsis methanolica strain 239T chorismate to salicylate a biosynthetic subpathway for mutasynthesis. This allowed us to generate the fluorinated amychelin, fluoroamychelin I, which rescued C. elegans from P. aeruginosa-mediated killing with an EC50 value of 1.4 μM, outperforming traditional antibiotics including ceftazidime and meropenem. In general, this paper describes an efficient platform for the identification and production of classes of anti-microbial compounds with potential unique modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shengwang Dai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shen Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qiushui Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zengchun Ji
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiangyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fuhang Song
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Frederick M Ausubel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xueting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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21
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Jiang X, Zhou T, Bai R, Xie Y. Hydroxypyridinone-Based Iron Chelators with Broad-Ranging Biological Activities. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14470-14501. [PMID: 33023291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron plays an essential role in all living cells because of its unique chemical properties. It is also the most abundant trace element in mammals. However, when iron is present in excess or inappropriately located, it becomes toxic. Excess iron can become involved in free radical formation, resulting in oxidative stress and cellular damage. Iron chelators are used to treat serious pathological disorders associated with systemic iron overload. Hydroxypyridinones stand out for their outstanding chelation properties, including high selectivity for Fe3+ in the biological environment, ease of derivatization, and good biocompatibility. Herein, we overview the potential for multifunctional hydroxypyridinone-based chelators to be used as therapeutic agents against a wide range of diseases associated either with systemic or local elevated iron levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P.R. China
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
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22
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Cultivation dependent formation of siderophores by Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2. Microbiol Res 2020; 238:126481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Zhang Y, Edmonds KA, Raines DJ, Murphy BA, Wu H, Guo C, Nolan EM, VanNieuwenhze MS, Duhme-Klair AK, Giedroc DP. The Pneumococcal Iron Uptake Protein A (PiuA) Specifically Recognizes Tetradentate Fe IIIbis- and Mono-Catechol Complexes. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5390-5410. [PMID: 32795535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is an important Gram-positive human pathogen that causes millions of infections worldwide with an increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistance. Fe acquisition is a crucial virulence determinant in Spn; further, Spn relies on exogenous FeIII-siderophore scavenging to meet nutritional Fe needs. Recent studies suggest that the human catecholamine stress hormone, norepinephrine (NE), facilitates Fe acquisition in Spn under conditions of transferrin-mediated Fe starvation. Here we show that the solute binding lipoprotein PiuA from the piu Fe acquisition ABC transporter PiuBCDA, previously described as an Fe-hemin binding protein, binds tetradentate catechol FeIII complexes, including NE and the hydrolysis products of enterobactin. Two protein-derived ligands (H238, Y300) create a coordinately saturated FeIII complex, which parallel recent studies in the Gram-negative intestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Our in vitro studies using NMR spectroscopy and 54Fe LC-ICP-MS confirm the FeIII can move from transferrin to apo-PiuA in an NE-dependent manner. Structural analysis of PiuA FeIII-bis-catechol and GaIII-bis-catechol and GaIII-(NE)2 complexes by NMR spectroscopy reveals only localized structural perturbations in PiuA upon ligand binding, largely consistent with recent descriptions of other solute binding proteins of type II ABC transporters. We speculate that tetradentate FeIII complexes formed by mono- and bis-catechol species are important Fe sources in Gram-positive human pathogens, since PiuA functions in the same way as SstD from Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Katherine A Edmonds
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Daniel J Raines
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Brennan A Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Chuchu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Anne-K Duhme-Klair
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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24
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Biodegradation of 3-chlorobenzoic acid with electron shuttle systems: pathways and molecular identification. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2471-2480. [PMID: 32613418 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A synergy of biodegradation and electron shuttle systems is a promising strategy for eliminating pollutants including chlorinated aromatic compounds. The present work studies the degradation products of 3-chlorobenzoic acid by Pseudomonas putida in the presence of an electron shuttle system (ESS) composed of citrate and pyruvate as electron donors and the pollutant as an electron acceptor. Chromatographic results showed different pathways involved in the biodegradation process under the influence of electron shuttle systems. These routes depend on oxidation and reduction reactions for output byproducts to be easily mineralized by the bacterium under investigation. A nucleotide sequence with about 380 bp of a ton B gene was detected in P. putida and it resembles Escherichia coli Ton B. The relatedness tree of the selected gene reveals a high similarity and is comparable to P. aeruginosa (100%) and the highest variation with that of P. citronellolis (21.99%). Accordingly, in the presence of electron shuttle systems, the genes responsible for bacterial influx were activated to ease the biodegradation process. In an application model, the remediated-water samples were handled by two recycling processes using Scenedesmus obliquus and Trigonella foenum-graecum to evaluate the efficiency of this non-conventional treatment. In conclusion, this strategy succeeded in remediating the polluted water with chlorinated aromatic compounds for further applications.
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25
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AlMatar M, Albarri O, Makky EA, Var I, Köksal F. A Glance on the Role of Bacterial Siderophore from the Perspectives of Medical and Biotechnological Approaches. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1326-1343. [PMID: 32564749 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200621193018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Iron, which is described as the most basic component found in nature, is hard to be assimilated by microorganisms. It has become increasingly complicated to obtain iron from nature as iron (II) in the presence of oxygen oxidized to press (III) oxide and hydroxide, becoming unsolvable at neutral pH. Microorganisms appeared to produce organic molecules known as siderophores in order to overcome this condition. Siderophore's essential function is to connect with iron (II) and make it dissolvable and enable cell absorption. These siderophores, apart from iron particles, have the ability to chelate various other metal particles that have collocated away to focus the use of siderophores on wound care items. There is a severe clash between the host and the bacterial pathogens during infection. By producing siderophores, small ferric iron-binding molecules, microorganisms obtain iron. In response, host immune cells produce lipocalin 2 to prevent bacterial reuptake of siderophores loaded with iron. Some bacteria are thought to produce lipocalin 2-resistant siderophores to counter this risk. The aim of this article is to discuss the recently described roles and applications of bacterial siderophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaf AlMatar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Osman Albarri
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences (Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu) Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Essam A Makky
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Işıl Var
- Department of Food Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Köksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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26
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Liu K, Huigens RW. Instructive Advances in Chemical Microbiology Inspired by Nature's Diverse Inventory of Molecules. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:541-562. [PMID: 31842540 PMCID: PMC7346871 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural product antibiotics have played an essential role in the treatment of bacterial infection in addition to serving as useful tools to explore the intricate biology of bacteria. Our current arsenal of antibiotics operate through the inhibition of well-defined bacterial targets critical for replication and growth. Pathogenic bacteria effectively utilize a diversity of mechanisms that lead to acquired resistance and/or innate tolerance toward antibiotic therapies, which can result in devastating consequences to human life. Several research groups have established innovative programs that work at the chemistry-biology interface to develop new molecules that aim to define and address concerns related to antibiotic resistance and tolerance. In this Review, we present recent progress by select research groups that highlight a diversity of integrated chemical biology and medicinal chemistry approaches aimed at the development and utilization of chemical tools that have led to promising new microbiological insights that may lead to significant clinical advances regarding the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- 1345 Center Drive, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Robert W. Huigens
- 1345 Center Drive, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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27
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Marchetti M, De Bei O, Bettati S, Campanini B, Kovachka S, Gianquinto E, Spyrakis F, Ronda L. Iron Metabolism at the Interface between Host and Pathogen: From Nutritional Immunity to Antibacterial Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2145. [PMID: 32245010 PMCID: PMC7139808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional immunity is a form of innate immunity widespread in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The term refers to a rich repertoire of mechanisms set up by the host to inhibit bacterial proliferation by sequestering trace minerals (mainly iron, but also zinc and manganese). This strategy, selected by evolution, represents an effective front-line defense against pathogens and has thus inspired the exploitation of iron restriction in the development of innovative antimicrobials or enhancers of antimicrobial therapy. This review focuses on the mechanisms of nutritional immunity, the strategies adopted by opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus to circumvent it, and the impact of deletion mutants on the fitness, infectivity, and persistence inside the host. This information finally converges in an overview of the current development of inhibitors targeting the different stages of iron uptake, an as-yet unexploited target in the field of antistaphylococcal drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Marchetti
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Omar De Bei
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (O.D.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Campanini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (O.D.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Sandra Kovachka
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Eleonora Gianquinto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Luca Ronda
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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28
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Bohnenberger J, Krossing I. Stabile Salze heteroleptischer Eisen‐Carbonyl/Nitrosylkationen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bohnenberger
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
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29
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Bohnenberger J, Krossing I. Stable Salts of Heteroleptic Iron Carbonyl/Nitrosyl Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5581-5585. [PMID: 31846555 PMCID: PMC7154531 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of Fe(CO)5 with the [NO]+ salt of the weakly coordinating perfluoroalkoxyaluminate anion [F‐{Al(ORF)3}2]− (RF=C(CF3)3) leads to stable salts of the 18 valence electron (VE) species [Fe(CO)4(NO)]+ and [Fe(CO)(NO)3]+ with the Enemark–Feltham numbers of {FeNO}8 and {FeNO}10. This finally concludes the triad of heteroleptic iron carbonyl/nitrosyl complexes, since the first discovery of the anionic ([Fe(CO)3(NO)]−) and neutral ([Fe(CO)2(NO)2]) species over 80 years ago. Both complexes were fully characterized (IR, Raman, NMR, UV/Vis, scXRD, pXRD) and are stable at room temperature under inert conditions over months and may serve as useful starting materials for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bohnenberger
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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30
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Lamut A, Cruz CD, Skok Ž, Barančoková M, Zidar N, Zega A, Mašič LP, Ilaš J, Tammela P, Kikelj D, Tomašič T. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel DNA gyrase inhibitors and their siderophore mimic conjugates. Bioorg Chem 2019; 95:103550. [PMID: 31911309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial DNA gyrase is an important target for the development of novel antibacterial drugs, which are urgently needed because of high level of antibiotic resistance worldwide. We designed and synthesized new 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole-based DNA gyrase B inhibitors and their conjugates with siderophore mimics, which were introduced to increase the uptake of inhibitors into the bacterial cytoplasm. The most potent conjugate 34 had an IC50 of 58 nM against Escherichia coli DNA gyrase and displayed MIC of 14 µg/mL against E. coli ΔtolC strain. Only minor improvements in the antibacterial activities against wild-type E. coli in low-iron conditions were seen for DNA gyrase inhibitor - siderophore mimic conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Lamut
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cristina D Cruz
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Žiga Skok
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michaela Barančoková
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nace Zidar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anamarija Zega
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucija Peterlin Mašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ilaš
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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31
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Dauner M, Skerra A. Scavenging Bacterial Siderophores with Engineered Lipocalin Proteins as an Alternative Antimicrobial Strategy. Chembiochem 2019; 21:601-606. [PMID: 31613035 PMCID: PMC7079049 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron acquisition mediated by siderophores, high-affinity chelators for which bacteria have evolved specific synthesis and uptake mechanisms, plays a crucial role in microbiology and in host-pathogen interactions. In the ongoing fight against bacterial infections, this area has attracted biomedical interest. Beyond several approaches to interfere with siderophore-mediated iron uptake from medicinal and immunochemistry, the development of high-affinity protein scavengers that tightly complex the siderophores produced by pathogenic bacteria has appeared as a novel strategy. Such binding proteins have been engineered based on siderocalin-also known as lipocalin 2-an endogenous human scavenger of enterobactin and bacillibactin that controls the systemic spreading of commensal bacteria such as Escherichia coli. By using combinatorial protein design, siderocalin was reshaped to bind several siderophores from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, in particular, petrobactin from Bacillus anthracis, none of which is recognized by the natural protein. Such engineered versions of siderocalin effectively suppress the growth of corresponding pathogenic bacteria by depriving them of their iron supply and offer the potential to complement antibiotic therapy in situations of acute or persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dauner
- Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3a, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Arne Skerra
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Huigens RW, Abouelhassan Y, Yang H. Phenazine Antibiotic-Inspired Discovery of Bacterial Biofilm-Eradicating Agents. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2885-2902. [PMID: 30811834 PMCID: PMC7325843 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities of slow-growing and non-replicating persister cells that demonstrate high levels of antibiotic tolerance. Biofilms occur in nearly 80 % of infections and present unique challenges to our current arsenal of antibiotic therapies, all of which were initially discovered for their abilities to target rapidly dividing, free-floating planktonic bacteria. Bacterial biofilms are credited as the underlying cause of chronic and recurring bacterial infections. Innovative approaches are required to identify new small molecules that operate through bacterial growth-independent mechanisms to effectively eradicate biofilms. One source of inspiration comes from within the lungs of young cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, who often endure persistent Staphylococcus aureus infections. As these CF patients age, Pseudomonas aeruginosa co-infects the lungs and utilizes phenazine antibiotics to eradicate the established S. aureus infection. Our group has taken a special interest in this microbial competition strategy and we are investigating the potential of phenazine antibiotic-inspired compounds and synthetic analogues thereof to eradicate persistent bacterial biofilms. To discover new biofilm-eradicating agents, we have established an interdisciplinary research program involving synthetic medicinal chemistry, microbiology and molecular biology. From these efforts, we have identified a series of halogenated phenazines (HPs) that potently eradicate bacterial biofilms, and future work aims to translate these preliminary findings into ground-breaking clinical advances for the treatment of persistent biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Huigens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Center for Natural Products Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3); University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yasmeen Abouelhassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Center for Natural Products Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3); University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Center for Natural Products Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3); University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Page MGP. The Role of Iron and Siderophores in Infection, and the Development of Siderophore Antibiotics. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 69:S529-S537. [PMID: 31724044 PMCID: PMC6853763 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for bacterial growth, replication, and metabolism. Humans store iron bound to various proteins such as hemoglobin, haptoglobin, transferrin, ferritin, and lactoferrin, limiting the availability of free iron for pathogenic bacteria. However, bacteria have developed various mechanisms to sequester or scavenge iron from the host environment. Iron can be taken up by means of active transport systems that consist of bacterial small molecule siderophores, outer membrane siderophore receptors, the TonB-ExbBD energy-transducing proteins coupling the outer and the inner membranes, and inner membrane transporters. Some bacteria also express outer membrane receptors for iron-binding proteins of the host and extract iron directly from these for uptake. Ultimately, iron is acquired and transported into the bacterial cytoplasm. The siderophores are small molecules produced and released by nearly all bacterial species and are classified according to the chemical nature of their iron-chelating group (ie, catechol, hydroxamate, α-hydroxyl-carboxylate, or mixed types). Siderophore-conjugated antibiotics that exploit such iron-transport systems are under development for the treatment of infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. Despite demonstrating high in vitro potency against pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria, further development of several candidates had stopped due to apparent adaptive resistance during exposure, lack of consistent in vivo efficacy, or emergence of side effects in the host. However, cefiderocol, with an optimized structure, has advanced and has been investigated in phase 1 to 3 clinical trials. This article discusses the mechanisms implicated in iron uptake and the challenges associated with the design and utilization of siderophore-mimicking antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcom G P Page
- Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen gGmbh, Bremen, Germany
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Taouai M, Chakroun K, Sommer R, Michaud G, Giacalone D, Ben Maaouia MA, Vallin-Butruille A, Mathiron D, Abidi R, Darbre T, Cragg PJ, Mullié C, Reymond JL, O'Toole GA, Benazza M. Glycocluster Tetrahydroxamic Acids Exhibiting Unprecedented Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7722-7738. [PMID: 31449405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Opportunistic Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses adhesins (e.g., LecA and LecB lectins, type VI pili and flagella) and iron to invade host cells with the formation of a biofilm, a thick barrier that protects bacteria from drugs and host immune system. Hindering iron uptake and disrupting adhesins' function could be a relevant antipseudomonal strategy. To test this hypothesis, we designed an iron-chelating glycocluster incorporating a tetrahydroxamic acid and α-l-fucose bearing linker to interfere with both iron uptake and the glycan recognition process involving the LecB lectin. Iron depletion led to increased production of the siderophore pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa to counteract the loss of iron uptake, and strong biofilm inhibition was observed not only with the α-l-fucocluster (72%), but also with its α-d-manno (84%), and α-d-gluco (92%) counterparts used as negative controls. This unprecedented finding suggests that both LecB and biofilm inhibition are closely related to the presence of hydroxamic acid groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Taouai
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France.,Laboratoire LACReSNE, Unité "Interactions Moléculaires Spécifiques", Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Université de Carthage Zarzouna-Bizerte TN 7021 , Tunisie
| | - Khouloud Chakroun
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Room 202, Remsen Building 66, College Street , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Roman Sommer
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Gaelle Michaud
- Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Berne , Freistrasse 3 , 3012 Berne , Switzerland
| | - David Giacalone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Room 202, Remsen Building 66, College Street , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Mohamed Amine Ben Maaouia
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France.,Laboratoire LACReSNE, Unité "Interactions Moléculaires Spécifiques", Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Université de Carthage Zarzouna-Bizerte TN 7021 , Tunisie
| | - Aurélie Vallin-Butruille
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France
| | - David Mathiron
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France
| | - Rym Abidi
- Laboratoire LACReSNE, Unité "Interactions Moléculaires Spécifiques", Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Université de Carthage Zarzouna-Bizerte TN 7021 , Tunisie
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Berne , Freistrasse 3 , 3012 Berne , Switzerland
| | - Peter J Cragg
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science University of Brighton , Brighton BN2 4GJ , U.K
| | - Catherine Mullié
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Berne , Freistrasse 3 , 3012 Berne , Switzerland
| | - George A O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Room 202, Remsen Building 66, College Street , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Mohammed Benazza
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A-UMR7378-CNRS) , CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 10 Rue Baudelocque , 80039 Amiens Cédex , France
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Souza BSVD, Silva KCS, Parente AFA, Borges CL, Paccez JD, Pereira M, Soares CMDA, Giambiagi-deMarval M, Silva-Bailão MG, Parente-Rocha JA. The influence of pH on Staphylococcus saprophyticus iron metabolism and the production of siderophores. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:456-463. [PMID: 31075417 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a gram-positive coagulase negative bacteria which shows clinical importance due to its capability of causing urinary tract infections (UTI), as well as its ability to persist in this environment. Little is known about how S. saprophyticus adapts to the pH shift that occurs during infection. Thus, in this study we aim to use a proteomic approach to analyze the metabolic adaptations which occur as a response by S. saprophyticus when exposed to acid (5.5) and alkaline (9.0) pH environments. Proteins related to iron storage are overexpressed in acid pH, whilst iron acquisition proteins are overexpressed in alkaline pH. It likely occurs because iron is soluble at acid pH and insoluble at alkaline pH. To evaluate if S. saprophyticus synthesizes siderophores, CAS assays were performed, and the results confirmed their production. The chemical characterization of siderophores demonstrates that S. saprophyticus produces carboxylates derived from citrate. Of special note is the fact that citrate synthase (CS) is down-regulated during incubation at acid pH, corroborating this result. This data was also confirmed by enzymatic assay. Our results demonstrate that iron metabolism regulation is influenced by different pH levels, and show, for the first time, the production of siderophores by S. saprophyticus. Enzymatic assays suggest that citrate from the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) is used as substrate for siderophore production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Silva Vieira de Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Karla Christina Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Ana Flávia Alves Parente
- Instituto de Biologia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, 70297-400, Brasília - Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Clayton Luiz Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Juliano Domiraci Paccez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, 21941-970, Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mirelle Garcia Silva-Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Alves Parente-Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
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Abouelhassan Y, Garrison AT, Yang H, Chávez-Riveros A, Burch GM, Huigens RW. Recent Progress in Natural-Product-Inspired Programs Aimed To Address Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7618-7642. [PMID: 30951303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria utilize multiple mechanisms that enable them to gain or acquire resistance to antibiotic therapies during the treatment of infections. In addition, bacteria form biofilms which are surface-attached communities of enriched populations containing persister cells encased within a protective extracellular matrix of biomolecules, leading to chronic and recurring antibiotic-tolerant infections. Antibiotic resistance and tolerance are major global problems that require innovative therapeutic strategies to address the challenges associated with pathogenic bacteria. Historically, natural products have played a critical role in bringing new therapies to the clinic to treat life-threatening bacterial infections. This Perspective provides an overview of antibiotic resistance and tolerance and highlights recent advances (chemistry, biology, drug discovery, and development) from various research programs involved in the discovery of new antibacterial agents inspired by a diverse series of natural product antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Abouelhassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Aaron T Garrison
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Alejandra Chávez-Riveros
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Gena M Burch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Robert W Huigens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
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Dandawate P, Padhye S, Schobert R, Biersack B. Discovery of natural products with metal-binding properties as promising antibacterial agents. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:563-576. [PMID: 30905202 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1593367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than 50% of the clinically established antibiotics are either genuine natural products or derivatives thereof, featuring a mode of action decisively depending on their metal affinity and suitability as metal complex ligands. As their structural diversity and harvest from renewable sources is well-nigh inexhaustible, any future quest for affordable new antibiotics will have to concentrate on natural drugs with obvious metal ligating properties. Areas covered: The authors provide an overview of the promising developments in the field of antibiotic natural products with metal-binding properties with a specific focus on metal binders such as polyphenols, quinones, 3-acyltetramic and -tetronic acids. Works published by the authors are discussed in this manuscript as well as articles derived from PubMed and Scifinder. Expert opinion: Natural products with metal-binding properties possess a great potential for the development of drugs against various bacteria. There are many derivatives with great potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria as well. Synthetic approaches to structurally complex and/or rare natural products have added significantly to the cracking of synthetic problems. Thus, this field of scientific research appears attractive both to chemists and to clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Dandawate
- a Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Cancer Biology, School of Medicine , Kansas University Medical Center , Kansas , USA
| | - Subhash Padhye
- b University of Pune , Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Research Academy (ISTRA) , Pune , India
| | - Rainer Schobert
- c Organic Chemistry Laboratory , University of Bayreuth , Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- c Organic Chemistry Laboratory , University of Bayreuth , Bayreuth , Germany
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Abouelhassan Y, Zhang Y, Jin S, Huigens RW. Transcript Profiling of MRSA Biofilms Treated with a Halogenated Phenazine Eradicating Agent: A Platform for Defining Cellular Targets and Pathways Critical to Biofilm Survival. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Abouelhassan
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3)College of PharmacyUniversity of Florida 1345 Center Drive Gainesville FL USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR)Gene Expression and GenotypingUniversity of Florida USA
| | - Shouguang Jin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of MedicineUniversity of Florida USA
| | - Robert W. Huigens
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3)College of PharmacyUniversity of Florida 1345 Center Drive Gainesville FL USA
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39
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Bailey DC, Bohac TJ, Shapiro JA, Giblin DE, Wencewicz TA, Gulick AM. Crystal Structure of the Siderophore Binding Protein BauB Bound to an Unusual 2:1 Complex Between Acinetobactin and Ferric Iron. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6653-6661. [PMID: 30406986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The critical role that iron plays in many biochemical processes has led to an elaborate battle between bacterial pathogens and their hosts to acquire and withhold this critical nutrient. Exploitation of iron nutritional immunity is being increasingly appreciated as a potential antivirulence therapeutic strategy, especially against problematic multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii. To facilitate iron uptake and promote growth, A. baumannii produces a nonribosomally synthesized peptide siderophore called acinetobactin. Acinetobactin is unusual in that it is first biosynthesized in an oxazoline form called preacinetobactin that spontaneously isomerizes to the final isoxazolidinone acinetobactin. Interestingly, both isomers can bind iron and both support growth of A. baumannii. To address how the two isomers chelate their ferric cargo and how the complexes are used by A. baumannii, structural studies were carried out with the ferric acinetobactin complex and its periplasmic siderophore binding protein BauB. Herein, we present the crystal structure of BauB bound to a bis-tridentate (Fe3+L2) siderophore complex. Additionally, we present binding studies that show multiple variants of acinetobactin bind BauB with no apparent change in affinity. These results are consistent with the structural model that depicts few direct polar interactions between BauB and the acinetobactin backbone. This structural and functional characterization of acinetobactin and its requisite binding protein BauB provides insight that could be exploited to target this critical iron acquisition system and provide a novel approach to treat infections caused by this important multidrug resistant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Bailey
- Department of Structural Biology , Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo , 955 Main Street , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Tabbetha J Bohac
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Justin A Shapiro
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Daryl E Giblin
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Timothy A Wencewicz
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Andrew M Gulick
- Department of Structural Biology , Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo , 955 Main Street , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
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Abouelhassan Y, Zhang Y, Jin S, Huigens RW. Transcript Profiling of MRSA Biofilms Treated with a Halogenated Phenazine Eradicating Agent: A Platform for Defining Cellular Targets and Pathways Critical to Biofilm Survival. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15523-15528. [PMID: 30230671 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities of non-replicating bacteria innately tolerant to antibiotics. Biofilms display differential gene expression profiles and physiologies as compared to their planktonic counterparts; however, their biology remains largely unknown. In this study, we used a halogenated phenazine (HP) biofilm eradicator in transcript profiling experiments (RNA-seq) to define cellular targets and pathways critical to biofilm viability. WoPPER analysis with time-course validation (RT-qPCR) revealed that HP-14 induces rapid iron starvation in MRSA biofilms, as evident by the activation of iron-acquisition gene clusters in 1 hour. Serine proteases and oligopeptide transporters were also found to be up-regulated, whereas glycolysis, arginine deiminase, and urease gene clusters were down-regulated. KEGG analysis revealed that HP-14 impacts metabolic and ABC transporter functional pathways. These findings suggest that MRSA biofilm viability relies on iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Abouelhassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), Gene Expression and Genotyping, University of Florida, USA
| | - Shouguang Jin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, USA
| | - Robert W Huigens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Tuning the Anti(myco)bacterial Activity of 3-Hydroxy-4-pyridinone Chelators through Fluorophores. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040110. [PMID: 30347802 PMCID: PMC6316862 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the sources of Fe available to pathogens is one of the possible strategies that can be successfully used by novel antibacterial drugs. We focused our interest on the design of chelators to address Mycobacterium avium infections. Taking into account the molecular structure of mycobacterial siderophores and considering that new chelators must be able to compete for Fe(III), we selected ligands of the 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone class to achieve our purpose. After choosing the type of chelating unit it was also our objective to design chelators that could be monitored inside the cell and for that reason we designed chelators that could be functionalized with fluorophores. We didn’t realize at the time that the incorporation a fluorophore, to allow spectroscopic detection, would be so relevant for the antimycobacterial effect or to determine the affinity of the chelators towards biological membranes. From a biophysical perspective, this is a fascinating illustration of the fact that functionalization of a molecule with a particular label may lead to a change in its membrane permeation properties and result in a dramatic change in biological activity. For that reason we believe it is interesting to give a critical account of our entire work in this area and justify the statement “to label means to change”. New perspectives regarding combined therapeutic approaches and the use of rhodamine B conjugates to target closely related problems such as bacterial resistance and biofilm production are also discussed.
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Abstract
Iron deficiency remains the largest nutritional deficiency worldwide and the main cause of anaemia. Severe iron deficiency leads to anaemia known as iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), which affects a total of 1·24 billion people, the majority of whom are children and women from resource-poor countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, iron deficiency is frequently exacerbated by concomitant parasitic and bacterial infections and contributes to over 120 000 maternal deaths a year, while it irreparably limits the cognitive development of children and leads to poor outcomes in pregnancy.Currently available iron compounds are cheap and readily available, but constitute a non-physiological approach to providing iron that leads to significant side effects. Consequently, iron deficiency and IDA remain without an effective treatment, particularly in populations with high burden of infectious diseases. So far, despite considerable investment in the past 25 years in nutrition interventions with iron supplementation and fortification, we have been unable to significantly decrease the burden of this disease in resource-poor countries.If we are to eliminate this condition in the future, it is imperative to look beyond the strategies used until now and we should make an effort to combine community engagement and social science approaches to optimise supplementation and fortification programmes.
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Bailey DC, Buckley BP, Chernov MV, Gulick AM. Development of a High-Throughput Biochemical Assay to Screen for Inhibitors of Aerobactin Synthetase IucA. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:1070-1082. [PMID: 29991301 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218787140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acquiring sufficient quantities of iron to support survival is often a critical limitation for pathogenic bacteria. To meet this demand, bacteria have evolved unique strategies to scavenge iron and circumvent the nutritional immunity exerted by their hosts. One common strategy, which is often a key virulence factor for bacterial pathogens, involves the synthesis, secretion, and reuptake of iron chelators known as siderophores. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the siderophore aerobactin is critical for virulence in the hypervirulent pathotype of Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP). Given the high rate of multidrug resistance in K. pneumoniae, and in light of the ever-increasing demand for novel Gram-negative therapeutic targets, we identified aerobactin production as a promising antivirulence target in hvKP. Herein, we describe the development of a high-throughput biochemical assay for identifying inhibitors of the aerobactin synthetase IucA. The assay was employed to screen ~110,000 compounds across several commercially available small-molecule libraries. IucA inhibitors with activity at micromolar concentrations were identified in our screening campaigns and confirmed using secondary orthogonal assays. However, the most potent compounds also exhibited some properties commonly observed with promiscuous/nonspecific inhibitors, including incubation time and target enzyme concentration dependence, as well as the potential to antagonize unrelated enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Bailey
- 1 Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,2 The Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brian P Buckley
- 3 Small Molecule Screening Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail V Chernov
- 3 Small Molecule Screening Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrew M Gulick
- 1 Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,2 The Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Kou Q, Wang T, Zou F, Zhang S, Chen Q, Yang Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of C(4) substituted monobactams as antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:98-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Mechanisms of action of plant growth promoting bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:197. [PMID: 28986676 PMCID: PMC5686270 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The idea of eliminating the use of fertilizers which are sometimes environmentally unsafe is slowly becoming a reality because of the emergence of microorganisms that can serve the same purpose or even do better. Depletion of soil nutrients through leaching into the waterways and causing contamination are some of the negative effects of these chemical fertilizers that prompted the need for suitable alternatives. This brings us to the idea of using microbes that can be developed for use as biological fertilizers (biofertilizers). They are environmentally friendly as they are natural living organisms. They increase crop yield and production and, in addition, in developing countries, they are less expensive compared to chemical fertilizers. These biofertilizers are typically called plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). In addition to PGPB, some fungi have also been demonstrated to promote plant growth. Apart from improving crop yields, some biofertilizers also control various plant pathogens. The objective of worldwide sustainable agriculture is much more likely to be achieved through the widespread use of biofertilizers rather than chemically synthesized fertilizers. However, to realize this objective it is essential that the many mechanisms employed by PGPB first be thoroughly understood thereby allowing workers to fully harness the potentials of these microbes. The present state of our knowledge regarding the fundamental mechanisms employed by PGPB is discussed herein.
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