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Osinga JAJ, Liu Y, Männistö T, Vafeiadi M, Tao FB, Vaidya B, Vrijkotte TGM, Mosso L, Bassols J, López-Bermejo A, Boucai L, Aminorroaya A, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Hisada A, Yoshinaga J, Broeren MAC, Itoh S, Kishi R, Ashoor G, Chen L, Veltri F, Lu X, Taylor PN, Brown SJ, Chatzi L, Popova PV, Grineva EN, Ghafoor F, Pirzada A, Kianpour M, Oken E, Suvanto E, Hattersley A, Rebagliato M, Riaño-Galán I, Irizar A, Vrijheid M, Delgado-Saborit JM, Fernández-Somoano A, Santa-Marina L, Boelaert K, Brenta G, Dhillon-Smith R, Dosiou C, Eaton JL, Guan H, Lee SY, Maraka S, Morris-Wiseman LF, Nguyen CT, Shan Z, Guxens M, Pop VJM, Walsh JP, Nicolaides KH, D'Alton ME, Visser WE, Carty DM, Delles C, Nelson SM, Alexander EK, Chaker L, Palomaki GE, Peeters RP, Bliddal S, Huang K, Poppe KG, Pearce EN, Derakhshan A, Korevaar TIM. Risk Factors for Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnancy: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Thyroid 2024; 34:646-658. [PMID: 38546971 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background: International guidelines recommend targeted screening to identify gestational thyroid dysfunction. However, currently used risk factors have questionable discriminative ability. We quantified the risk for thyroid function test abnormalities for a subset of risk factors currently used in international guidelines. Methods: We included prospective cohort studies with data on gestational maternal thyroid function and potential risk factors (maternal age, body mass index [BMI], parity, smoking status, pregnancy through in vitro fertilization, twin pregnancy, gestational age, maternal education, and thyroid peroxidase antibody [TPOAb] or thyroglobulin antibody [TgAb] positivity). Exclusion criteria were pre-existing thyroid disease and use of thyroid interfering medication. We analyzed individual participant data using mixed-effects regression models. Primary outcomes were overt and subclinical hypothyroidism and a treatment indication (defined as overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism with thyrotropin >10 mU/L, or subclinical hypothyroidism with TPOAb positivity). Results: The study population comprised 65,559 participants in 25 cohorts. The screening rate in cohorts using risk factors currently recommended (age >30 years, parity ≥2, BMI ≥40) was 58%, with a detection rate for overt and subclinical hypothyroidism of 59%. The absolute risk for overt or subclinical hypothyroidism varied <2% over the full range of age and BMI and for any parity. Receiver operating characteristic curves, fitted using maternal age, BMI, smoking status, parity, and gestational age at blood sampling as explanatory variables, yielded areas under the curve ranging from 0.58 to 0.63 for the primary outcomes. TPOAbs/TgAbs positivity was associated with overt hypothyroidism (approximate risk for antibody negativity 0.1%, isolated TgAb positivity 2.4%, isolated TPOAb positivity 3.8%, combined antibody positivity 7.0%; p < 0.001), subclinical hypothyroidism (risk for antibody negativity 2.2%, isolated TgAb positivity 8.1%, isolated TPOAb positivity 14.2%, combined antibody positivity 20.0%; p < 0.001) and a treatment indication (risk for antibody negativity 0.2%, isolated TgAb positivity 2.2%, isolated TPOAb positivity 3.0%, and combined antibody positivity 5.1%; p < 0.001). Twin pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of overt hyperthyroidism (5.6% vs. 0.7%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The risk factors assessed in this study had poor predictive ability for detecting thyroid function test abnormalities, questioning their clinical usability for targeted screening. As expected, TPOAb positivity (used as a benchmark) was a relevant risk factor for (subclinical) hypothyroidism. These results provide insights into different risk factors for gestational thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris A J Osinga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yindi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tuija Männistö
- Northern Finland Laboratory Center Nordlab and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bijay Vaidya
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Mosso
- Departments of Endocrinology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Boucai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashraf Aminorroaya
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aya Hisada
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Maarten A C Broeren
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ghalia Ashoor
- Harris Birthright Research Center for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liangmiao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Rui'an Center of the Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Flora Veltri
- Endocrine Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xuemian Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Rui'an Center of the Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peter N Taylor
- Thyroid Research Group, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne J Brown
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Polina V Popova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena N Grineva
- Department of Endocrinology, First Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Farkhanda Ghafoor
- Department of Research and Innovation, Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Maryam Kianpour
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eila Suvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Andrew Hattersley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Marisa Rebagliato
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Jaume I University, Castelló, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isolina Riaño-Galán
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- IUOPA-Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Servicio de Pediatría, Endocrinología Pediátrica, HUCA, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Amaia Irizar
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- IUOPA-Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Health of the Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Kristien Boelaert
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Brenta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unidad Asistencial Dr. César Milstein, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rima Dhillon-Smith
- Tommys National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chrysoula Dosiou
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennifer L Eaton
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Women and Infants Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Haixia Guan
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sun Y Lee
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Spyridoula Maraka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Endocrine Section, Medicine Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Lilah F Morris-Wiseman
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Johns Hopkins Department of Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline T Nguyen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor J M Pop
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kypros H Nicolaides
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary E D'Alton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - W Edward Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David M Carty
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Pharmacology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Delles
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Scott M Nelson
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Erik K Alexander
- Division of Endocrinology, Hypertension and Diabetes, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Glenn E Palomaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Bliddal
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Scientific Research Center in Preventive Medicine; School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kris G Poppe
- Endocrine Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth N Pearce
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arash Derakhshan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim I M Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Corrêa PCRP, de Sales RKB, Knorst MM, Pinto SRHL, Ragnini LFQ, Tourinho CAP, Storrer KM, Scuarcialupi MECDA, Castellano MVCDO, Albuquerque AAD, Ravara SB. The challenge of tobacco and nicotine use among women. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e2023S124. [PMID: 37556643 PMCID: PMC10411695 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.2023s124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo César Rodrigues P. Corrêa
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Faculdade de Medicina – Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil
- Brazilian Thoracic Society, Tobacco Control Section – Brasília (DF), Brazil
| | - Roberta Karla B. de Sales
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicinaa, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto do Coração, Departamento de Pneumologia – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Marli Maria Knorst
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Faculdade de Medicina – Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Vera C. De O. Castellano
- Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual – Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual) – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Sofia Belo Ravara
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde – Covilhã, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário da Cova da Beira – Covilhã, Portugal
- Universidade NOVA, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública (CISP) – Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Yang J, Xiong W, Liu C, Li J, Zhu R, Xia J, Yin Z, Tian R, Tang S, Li Z, Li H, Han Y, Si X, Jiang W, He P, Zhang F, Xu Y, Liu Z. Direct adsorption sampling and ambient mass spectrometry analysis of tobacco smoke with porous paper strips. Front Chem 2022; 10:1037542. [PMID: 36386000 PMCID: PMC9643588 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1037542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical analysis of atmospheric aerosols by conventional analytical methods is usually required to perform complicated and time-consuming sample preparation processes. In recent decades, ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AI-MS) methods have been proven to be simple, rapid, and effective analytical tools for direct analysis of various complex samples. In this work, we applied porous paper filters for direct adsorptive sampling of tobacco smoke, and then the sampled paper filters were performed the emitters of the paper spray ionization (PSI) device. An auto-sampling device was made to control the generation and collection of tobacco smoke. Nicotine, the typical compound of tobacco smoke, was used to optimize the key conditions of auto-sampling. Moreover, different types of tobacco smoke were also compared with multivariate variable analysis, and the makers of tobacco smoke from different sources of tobacco smoke were investigated. By using this method, direct sampling and analysis of a single tobacco sample can be completed within minutes. Overall, our results show that PSI-MS is a powerful tool that integrates collection, extraction, ionization, and identification analytes in smoke.
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Association between prenatal cadmium exposure and child development: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 243:113989. [PMID: 35640466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal that can be found in soil, air, food, and water. Cadmium has toxic effects on the kidneys, bones, and respiratory system. Prenatal exposure to cadmium has been found to affect the mental development of children, but inconsistent results have been found in different studies. Therefore, it is unknown that prenatal cadmium exposure associated with child development after birth. To elucidate whether cadmium affect the child development or not, we analyzed nation-wide cohort study data, the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Prenatal cadmium concentrations in blood from mothers in the second or third trimester were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Child development was evaluated using "Ages and Stages" questionnaires. The association between cadmium and child development were investigated by performing logistic regression analyses, multinomial logistic regression analyses and generalized linear mixed model using the child development parameters as dependent variables and the cadmium concentrations in maternal blood as the independent variable. There were significant associations between the cadmium concentration and child development at 6 months, 1 year, and 1.5 years after birth. However, the effect had disappeared at 2 years after birth or later. The number of developmental delays was positively associated with the cadmium concentration after adjusting individual difference. The results indicate that prenatal exposure affects child development, but the effect decreases with age.
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Hajek P, Przulj D, Pesola F, Griffiths C, Walton R, McRobbie H, Coleman T, Lewis S, Whitemore R, Clark M, Ussher M, Sinclair L, Seager E, Cooper S, Bauld L, Naughton F, Sasieni P, Manyonda I, Myers Smith K. Electronic cigarettes versus nicotine patches for smoking cessation in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Nat Med 2022; 28:958-964. [PMID: 35577966 PMCID: PMC9117131 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine replacement therapy, in the form of nicotine patches, is commonly offered to pregnant women who smoke to help them to stop smoking, but this approach has limited efficacy in this population. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are also used by pregnant women who smoke but their safety and efficacy in pregnancy are unknown. Here, we report the results of a randomized controlled trial in 1,140 participants comparing refillable e-cigarettes with nicotine patches. Pregnant women who smoked were randomized to e-cigarettes (n = 569) or nicotine patches (n = 571). In the unadjusted analysis of the primary outcome, validated prolonged quit rates at the end of pregnancy in the two study arms were not significantly different (6.8% versus 4.4% in the e-cigarette and patch arms, respectively; relative risk (RR) = 1.55, 95%CI: 0.95-2.53, P = 0.08). However, some participants in the nicotine patch group also used e-cigarettes during the study. In a pre-specified sensitivity analysis excluding abstinent participants who used non-allocated products, e-cigarettes were more effective than patches (6.8% versus 3.6%; RR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.14-3.26, P = 0.02). Safety outcomes included adverse events and maternal and birth outcomes. The safety profile was found to be similar for both study products, however, low birthweight (<2,500 g) was less frequent in the e-cigarette arm (14.8% versus 9.6%; RR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.47-0.90, P = 0.01). Other adverse events and birth outcomes were similar in the two study arms. E-cigarettes might help women who are pregnant to stop smoking, and their safety for use in pregnancy is similar to that of nicotine patches. ISRCTN62025374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hajek
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dunja Przulj
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Pesola
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Chris Griffiths
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Robert Walton
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hayden McRobbie
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Coleman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sarah Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rachel Whitemore
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Miranda Clark
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael Ussher
- Division of Population Heath Sciences and Education, St Georges, University of London, London, UK
- Institute of Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Lesley Sinclair
- Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily Seager
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sue Cooper
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Linda Bauld
- Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Felix Naughton
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Peter Sasieni
- The Cancer Research UK and King's College London Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College, London, UK
| | | | - Katie Myers Smith
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Lavezzi AM, Pusiol T, Paradiso B. Harmful Effect of Intrauterine Smoke Exposure on Neuronal Control of "Fetal Breathing System" in Stillbirths. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074164. [PMID: 35409845 PMCID: PMC8999022 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This article is aimed to contribute to the current knowledge on the role of toxic substances such as nicotine on sudden intrauterine unexplained deaths’ (SIUDS’) pathogenetic mechanisms. The in-depth histopathological examination of the autonomic nervous system in wide groups of victims of SIUDS (47 cases) and controls (20 cases), with both smoking and no-smoking mothers, highlighted the frequent presence of the hypodevelopment of brainstem structures checking the vital functions. In particular, the hypoplasia of the pontine parafacial nucleus together with hypoplastic lungs for gestational age were observed in SIUDS cases with mothers who smoked cigarettes, including electronic ones. The results allow us to assume that the products of cigarette smoke during pregnancy can easily cross the placental barrier, thus entering the fetal circulation and damaging the most sensitive organs, such as lungs and brain. In a non-negligible percentage of SIUDS, the mothers did not smoke. Furthermore, based on previous and ongoing studies conducted through analytical procedures and the use of scanning electron microscopy, the authors envisage the involvement of toxic nanoparticles (such as agricultural pesticides and nanomaterials increasingly used in biomedicine, bioscience and biotechnology) in the death pathogenesis, with similar mechanisms to those of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Lavezzi
- “Lino Rossi” Research Center for the Study and Prevention of Unexpected Perinatal Death and SIDS, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Pusiol
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, APSS, 38122 Trento, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Paradiso
- “Lino Rossi” Research Center for the Study and Prevention of Unexpected Perinatal Death and SIDS, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy;
- General Pathology Unit, Dolo Hospital, 30031 Dolo, Italy
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7
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Gottschalk MS, Eskild A, Hofvind S, Bjelland EK. The relation of number of childbirths with age at natural menopause: a population study of 310 147 women in Norway. Hum Reprod 2021; 37:333-340. [PMID: 34791235 PMCID: PMC8804328 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does age at natural menopause increase with increasing of number of childbirths? SUMMARY ANSWER Age at menopause increased with increasing number of childbirths up to three childbirths; however, we found no further increase in age at menopause beyond three childbirths. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Pregnancies interrupt ovulation, and a high number of pregnancies have therefore been assumed to delay menopause. Previous studies have had insufficient statistical power to study women with a high number of childbirths. Thus, the shape of the association of number of childbirths with age at menopause remains unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A retrospective population study of 310 147 women in Norway who were 50–69 years old at data collection. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The data were obtained by two self-administered questionnaires completed by women attending BreastScreen Norway, a population-based screening program for breast cancer. The associations of number of childbirths with age at menopause were estimated as hazard ratios by applying Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for the woman’s year of birth, cigarette smoking, educational level, country of birth, oral contraceptive use and body mass index. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Women with three childbirths had the highest mean age at menopause (51.36 years; 95% CI: 51.33–51.40 years), and women with no childbirths had the lowest (50.55 years; 95% CI: 50.48–50.62 years). Thus, women with no childbirths had higher hazard ratio of reaching menopause compared to women with three childbirths (reference group) (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% CI: 1.22–1.27). Beyond three childbirths, we estimated no further increase in age at menopause. These findings were confirmed in sub-analyses among (i) women who had never used hormonal intrauterine device and/or systemic menopausal hormonal therapy; (ii) women who were born before 1950 and (iii) women who were born in 1950 or after. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Information about age at menopause was based on self-reports. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS If pregnancies truly delay menopause, one would expect that women with the highest number of childbirths had the highest age at menopause. Our results question the assumption that interrupted ovulation during pregnancy delays menopause. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority [2016112 to M.S.G.] and by the Norwegian Cancer Society [6863294-2015 to E.K.B.]. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe S Gottschalk
- Correspondence address. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, PO Box 1000, N-1478 Lørenskog, Norway. Tel: +47-95926969; E-mail:
| | - Anne Eskild
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Hofvind
- Section of Mammographic Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth K Bjelland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Ghosal S, Sinha A, Kanungo S, Pati S. Declining trends in smokeless tobacco use among Indian women: findings from global adult tobacco survey I and II. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2047. [PMID: 34753440 PMCID: PMC8576912 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) use is culturally rooted and more acceptable among women in India. SLT is a significant risk for oral cancers and has other adverse health outcomes on women's general as well as reproductive health. This study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence and correlates of SLT among adult females in India using Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), 2009-2010 (GATS 1) and 2016-2017 (GATS 2). METHODS Data from a nationally representative cross-sectional study GATS 1 (n = 35,529) and GATS 2 (n = 40,265) were analysed for adult female smokeless tobacco users. Correlates of SLT exposure were assessed separately using binary logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done for the variables which computed p < 0.1. The association was expressed as Adjusted Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS There was a reduction in prevalence of SLT use among women in India between GATS 1 (18.4%) and GATS 2 (12.8%). SLT use was highest among the North-Eastern women in both rounds [AOR: 4.567 (3.942-5.292) during GATS-1 and 9.149 (7.722-10.839) during GATS-2]. Odisha had highest prevalence of 56.53% while Himachal Pradesh had lowest 0.14% during the recent GATS 2 survey. 33.3% vs. 34.80% of the participants were willing to quit tobacco in Central region across both rounds of survey. CONCLUSIONS Although, smokeless tobacco prevalence among females has reduced between 2009 and 2016 in India, yet tobacco control strategies need further pace. Hence, more focused gender-based tobacco control programs and policies are the need of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishirendu Ghosal
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha -751023 India
| | - Abhinav Sinha
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha -751023 India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha -751023 India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha -751023 India
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López-Botella A, Velasco I, Acién M, Sáez-Espinosa P, Todolí-Torró JL, Sánchez-Romero R, Gómez-Torres MJ. Impact of Heavy Metals on Human Male Fertility-An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091473. [PMID: 34573104 PMCID: PMC8468047 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are endocrine disruptors which interfere with processes mediated by endogenous hormones of the organism, negatively affecting endocrine functions. Some studies have correlated heavy metal exposure with male infertility. However, the number of studies conducted on humans are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge on how heavy metals influence human male fertility. Hence, three distinct databases were consulted—PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science—using single keywords and combinations of them. The total number of identified articles was 636. Nevertheless, by using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 144 articles were finally included in this work. Results display that the development of adequate instruments for heavy metal assessment may play an important function in human male fertility diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, clinical trials could be useful to confirm the role of heavy metals in human male fertility diagnosis. Overall, further research is required to fully understand the molecular and cellular basis of the influence of environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals on human male infertility and reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea López-Botella
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit of Human Reproduction, FISABIO—San Juan University Hospital, Carretera Alicante-Valencia s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.L.-B.); (I.V.); (M.A.)
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Irene Velasco
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit of Human Reproduction, FISABIO—San Juan University Hospital, Carretera Alicante-Valencia s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.L.-B.); (I.V.); (M.A.)
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Maribel Acién
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit of Human Reproduction, FISABIO—San Juan University Hospital, Carretera Alicante-Valencia s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.L.-B.); (I.V.); (M.A.)
- Gynecology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Carretera Alicante-Valencia s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Paula Sáez-Espinosa
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
| | - José-Luis Todolí-Torró
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (J.-L.T.-T.); (R.S.-R.)
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Romero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (J.-L.T.-T.); (R.S.-R.)
| | - María José Gómez-Torres
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Anogenital Distance at 4 Years in the INMA-Asturias Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094774. [PMID: 33947132 PMCID: PMC8124891 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Smoking by women is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, low birth weight, infertility, and prolonged time to pregnancy. Anogenital distance (AGD) is a sensitive biomarker of prenatal androgen and antiandrogen exposure. We investigated the effect of smoking and passive smoke exposure during pregnancy on anogenital distance in offspring at 4 years in the INMA-Asturias cohort (Spain). Women were interviewed during pregnancy to collect information on tobacco consumption, and anogenital distance was measured in 381 children: Anoscrotal distance in boys and anofourchetal distance in girls. We also measured maternal urinary cotinine levels at 32 weeks of pregnancy. We constructed linear regression models to analyze the association between prenatal smoke exposure and anogenital distance and adjusted the models by relevant covariates. Reported prenatal smoke exposure was associated with statistically significant increased anogenital index (AGI), both at week 12 of pregnancy (β = 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.63) and at week 32 of pregnancy (β = 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.63) in male children, suggesting altered androgenic signaling.
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11
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Singh S, Jain P, Singh PK, Reddy KS, Bhargava B. White paper on smokeless tobacco & women's health in India. Indian J Med Res 2021; 151:513-521. [PMID: 32719223 PMCID: PMC7602932 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_537_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is widespread across many nations and populations, and India shares more than three-quarters of the global burden of SLT consumption. Tobacco use in India has been largely viewed as a male-dominant behaviour. However, evidence from medical, social and behavioural sciences show significant SLT use among women and young girls. This paper highlights key dimensions of SLT use among women in India including prevalence and determinants, the health effects arising from SLT use and cessation behaviours. The paper concludes by providing recommendations with the aim of setting research priorities and policy agenda to achieve a tobacco-free society. The focus on women and girls is essential to achieve the national targets for tobacco control under the National Health Policy, 2017, and Sustainable Development Goals 3 of ensuring healthy lives and promote well-being for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankhuri Jain
- Division of Preventive Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Division of Preventive Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Balram Bhargava
- Department of Health Research (ICMR), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
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Wolfsberger CH, Bruckner M, Schwaberger B, Mileder LP, Pritisanac E, Hoeller N, Avian A, Urlesberger B, Pichler G. Increased Risk for Cerebral Hypoxia During Immediate Neonatal Transition After Birth in Term Neonates Delivered by Caesarean Section With Prenatal Tobacco Exposure. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:747509. [PMID: 34888265 PMCID: PMC8650081 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.747509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy is a global health problem leading to an increased risk for fetal and neonatal morbidities. So far, there are no data of the potential impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the most vulnerable period after birth - the immediate postnatal transition. The aim of the present study was therefore, to compare cerebral oxygenation during immediate postnatal transition in term neonates with and without prenatal tobacco exposure. Methods: Included in this post-hoc analysis were healthy term neonates, with measurements of cerebral oxygenation (INVOS 5100C) during the first 15 min after birth, and for whom information on maternal smoking behavior during pregnancy was available. Neonates with prenatal tobacco exposure (smoking group) were matched 1:1 according to gestational age (±1 week), birth weight (±100 grams) and hematocrit (±5 %) to neonates without (non-smoking group). Cerebral regional tissue oxygen saturation (crSO2), cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) within the first 15 min after birth were compared between the two groups. Results: Twelve neonates in the smoking group with a median (IQR) gestational age of 39.1 (38.8-39.3) weeks and a birth weight of 3,155 (2,970-3,472) grams were compared to 12 neonates in the non-smoking group with 39.1 (38.7-39.2) weeks and 3,134 (2,963-3,465) grams. In the smoking group, crSO2 was significantly lower and cFTOE significantly higher until min 5 after birth. HR was significantly higher in the smoking group in min 3 after birth. Beyond this period, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Cerebral oxygenation within the first 5 min after birth was compromised in neonates with prenatal tobacco exposure. This observation suggests a higher risk for cerebral hypoxia immediately after birth due to fetal tobacco exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Helene Wolfsberger
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlies Bruckner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Schwaberger
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Peter Mileder
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ena Pritisanac
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Hoeller
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Avian
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Berndt Urlesberger
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pichler
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Fetal and Postnatal Nicotine Exposure Modifies Maturation of Gonocytes to Spermatogonia in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2020:8892217. [PMID: 33381390 PMCID: PMC7758125 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8892217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies in laboratory animals have shown that male offspring from dams, exposed to nicotine during pregnancy and postnatal periods, show alterations in fertility, although the origin of this is still uncertain. In this study, we examined in a mouse model if the process of gonocyte maturation to spermatogonia was affected in male offspring from dams with nicotine administration during pregnancy and postnatal periods. BALB/C mice, with and without nicotine administrations in pregnancy and postnatal periods, were studied. The animals were euthanized at 3, 7, 10, 16, and 35 days postpartum (dpp). Testicular tissue samples were processed for histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical studies; and testicular lipoperoxidation was determined. It was observed that in the nicotine-exposed animals, there was increased apoptosis and a reduction in the number of gonocytes that matured to spermatogonia. This gonocyte-spermatogonia maturation reduction was associated with a greater immunoreactivity to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the germ cells. Lipoperoxidation was similar in both groups until 16 dpp, with significant reduction at 35 dpp. Our findings suggest that nicotine intake during pregnancy and postnatal periods can affect the process of maturation of gonocytes to spermatogonia and the pool of available spermatogonia for spermatogenesis.
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14
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Erdem Guzel E, Kaya N, Tektemur A, Ulker N, Yardimci A, Akkoc RF, Canpolat S, Ozan IE. Chronic effects of maternal tobacco-smoke exposure and/or α-lipoic acid treatment on reproductive parameters in female rat offspring. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2020; 66:387-399. [PMID: 32951465 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2020.1815248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal tobacco-smoke exposure negatively affects the reproductive functions of female offspring and oxidative stress plays a major role at this point. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), well known as a biological antioxidant, has been used as a nutritional supplement and as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of certain complications during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate the effects of maternal tobacco-smoke exposure and/or ALA administration on puberty onset, sexual behavior, gonadotrophin levels, apoptosis-related genes, apoptotic cell numbers and oxidative stress markers in the adult female rat offspring. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups; control, tobacco smoke (TS), TS+ALA and ALA groups. Animals were exposed to TS and/or ALA for 8 weeks before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy. All treatments ended with birth and later newborn female rats were selected for each experimental group. The experiment ended at postnatal day 74-77. Maternal tobacco smoke advanced the onset of puberty in the female offspring of the TS group (p < 0.05). In all treatment groups; the mean number of anogenital investigations and lordosis quality scores showed a decline, serum luteinizing hormone levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) and several histopathological changes in ovaries were observed compared to the control group. In addition, an increase in apoptotic marker levels and apoptotic cell numbers was detected in the ovaries of all treatment groups. Decreased TAS and increased TOS levels were detected in all treatment groups compared to control. These findings suggested that maternal tobacco smoke and/or ALA administration may be leading to the impaired reproductive health of female offspring. Abbreviations: ALA: alpha-lipoic acid; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; TAS: total antioxidant status; TOS: total oxidant status; Apaf1: apoptotic protease-activating factor 1; Casp3: caspase 3; Casp9: caspase 9; CF: cyst follicles; 4-HNE: 4-Hidroxynonenal; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine-biotin nick end labeling; ROS: reactive oxygen species; GnRHR: gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor; HPG: hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; cDNA: complementary DNA; qPCR: quantitative real-time PCR; FC: follicular cysts; PF: primary follicle; SF: secondary follicle; GF: graafian follicle; CL: corpus luteum; DF: degenerated follicle; AF: atretic follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Erdem Guzel
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mardin Artuklu University , Mardin, Turkey
| | - Nalan Kaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tektemur
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nazife Ulker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yardimci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Fazil Akkoc
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Enver Ozan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
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15
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Chang YS, Park SM, Rah YC, Han EJ, Koun SI, Chang J, Choi J. In vivo assessment of the toxicity of electronic cigarettes to zebrafish ( Danio rerio) embryos, following gestational exposure, in terms of mortality, developmental toxicity, and hair cell damage: Toxicity of E-cigs to zebrafish embryos. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:148-157. [PMID: 32772711 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120947785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
With the ban of conventional cigarettes from public spaces, electronic cigarette (E-cig) liquids have emerged as a nicotine replacement treatment for smoking cessation. However, consumers possess little knowledge of the ingredients and health effects of E-cig liquids following exposure. This study evaluated hair cell damage and developmental toxicities following gestational exposure to E-cig liquids. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to E-cig liquids at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%). Embryonic developmental toxicity and hair cell damage was evaluated at 6 and 7 d, respectively, after fertilization. The average number of hair cells in the anterior lateral line (ALL) and posterior lateral line (PLL) following E-cig exposure was compared to that of the control. Morphological abnormalities and heart rate were evaluated. E-cig liquids significantly damaged the hair cells in the ALL, compared to the control (control; 52.85 ± 5.29 cells, 0.1% E-cig; 49.43 ± 7.70 cells, 0.2% E-cig; 40.68 ± 12.00 cells, 0.4% E-cig; 32.14 ± 20.75%; n = 29-40; p < 0.01). At high concentrations, E-cig liquids significantly damaged the hair cells in the PLL (control; 36.88 ± 5.43 cells, 0.1% E-cig; 33.06 ± 5.21 cells, 0.2% E-cig; 30.95 ± 8.03 cells, 0.4% E-cig; 23.72 ± 15.53%, n = 29-40; p < 0.01). No morphological abnormalities in body shape, somites, notochord, tail, and pectoral fin were observed; however, abnormalities were observed in the dorsal fin and heart rate at high concentrations. Thus, gestational exposure to E-cigs significantly damaged hair cells in a concentration-dependent manner and induced developmental toxicities to the dorsal fin and heart rate at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y C Rah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - E J Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, 34973Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S I Koun
- Biomedical Research Center, 34973Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.,34973Korea University Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - J Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 65357Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 34973Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.,34973Korea University Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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16
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General practitioner and obstetrician views on system changes to improve smoking cessation care in pregnancy in Australia: a cross-sectional survey. J Smok Cessat 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/jsc.2020.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionSystemic barriers impacting smoking cessation in pregnant women may include nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) access and training.AimAssess general practitioner (GP) and obstetrician's agreement with system-based changes to improve the management of smoking in pregnancy; compare group responses.MethodsNational cross-sectional survey with two samples: (1) online survey emailed to a random sample of 500 GPs from Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP); (2) paper survey posted to 5571 GPs and obstetricians from Royal Australia and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG). Percentages agreeing that specified changes would improve the management of smoking in pregnancy were calculated. Pairwise comparisons used Kruskal–Wallis tests (RACGP/RANZCOG GPs/obstetricians).ResultsN = 378 participated. Response rates 8.4% (N = 42; online survey) and 6% (N = 335; paper survey), respectively. Total percentages agreeing with system-based changes: 79% training, 64% oral NRT subsidy, 62% Medicare item for smoking cessation, 54% improved access to NRT patches. Within RANZCOG, more GPs (73.1%) agreed that oral NRT should be subsidised (P = 0.001) than obstetricians (53.7%).ConclusionGPs and obstetricians agreed that system changes would improve their management of smoking in pregnancy. Oral NRT subsidy was the only pairwise group difference. Subsequently, oral NRT has been subsidised; in time, this may influence prescribing and quit rates.
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Kim CW, Go RE, Ko EB, Jeung EB, Kim MS, Choi KC. Effects of cigarette smoke components on myocardial differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:66-77. [PMID: 31507073 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The heart is the first organ formed in the developing fetus, and abnormal development of the heart is a major cause of fetal death. The adverse effects of cigarette smoke on the heart have been well established, but it is not well understood how cigarette smoke components regulate signaling molecules and cardiac specific functions during the early differentiation stage of the embryonic heart. In this study, we identified changes in the size of mouse embryoid bodies (mEBs) in response to treatment with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) via regulation of HDAC2, p53, p21, and cyclin D1 protein expression, which are cardiac differentiation and cell-cycle markers, respectively. In addition, exposure of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to cigarette smoke components inhibited myocardial differentiation and development through the expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, GATA4, NKX2-5, TBX5, HAND1, and Troponin I. Long-term exposure studies showed that CSE and nicotine may delay the development of mouse cardiomyocytes from mESCs and inhibit the contractibility, which is a fundamental function of the heart. Taken together, these findings suggest that cigarette smoke components, including nicotine, may affect abnormal myocardial differentiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eul Bee Ko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Jeongeup, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Behura SK, Dhakal P, Kelleher AM, Balboula A, Patterson A, Spencer TE. The brain-placental axis: Therapeutic and pharmacological relevancy to pregnancy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104468. [PMID: 31600597 PMCID: PMC6944055 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The placenta plays a critical role in mammalian reproduction. Although it is a transient organ, its function is indispensable to communication between the mother and fetus, and supply of nutrients and oxygen to the growing fetus. During pregnancy, the placenta is vulnerable to various intrinsic and extrinsic conditions which can result in increased risk of fetal neurodevelopmental disorders as well as fetal death. The placenta controls the neuroendocrine secretion in the brain as a means of adaptive processes to safeguard the fetus from adverse programs, to optimize fetal development and other physiological changes necessary for reproductive success. Although a wealth of information is available on neuroendocrine functions in pregnancy, they are largely limited to the regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/gonad (HPA/ HPG) axis, particularly the oxytocin and prolactin system. There is a major gap in knowledge on systems-level functional interaction between the brain and placenta. In this review, we aim to outline the current state of knowledge about the brain-placental axis with description of the functional interactions between the placenta and the maternal and fetal brain. While describing the brain-placental interactions, a special emphasis has been given on the therapeutics and pharmacology of the placental receptors to neuroligands expressed in the brain during gestation. As a key feature of this review, we outline the prospects of integrated pharmacogenomics, single-cell sequencing and organ-on-chip systems to foster priority areas in this field of research. Finally, we remark on the application of precision genomics approaches to study the brain-placental axis in order to accelerate personalized medicine and therapeutics to treat placental and fetal brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta K Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, United States; Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, United States.
| | - Pramod Dhakal
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, United States
| | | | - Ahmed Balboula
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, United States
| | - Amanda Patterson
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, United States
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, United States
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19
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Rogers JM. Smoking and pregnancy: Epigenetics and developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1259-1269. [PMID: 31313499 PMCID: PMC6964018 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking causes lower birth weight, birth defects, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Epidemiological evidence over the past four decades has grown stronger and the adverse outcomes attributed to maternal smoking and secondhand smoke exposure have expanded. This review presents findings of latent and persistent metabolic effects in offspring of smoking mothers like those observed in studies of maternal undernutrition during pregnancy. The phenotype of offspring of smoking mothers is like that associated with maternal undernutrition. Born smaller than offspring of nonsmokers, these children have increased risk of being overweight or obese later. Plausible mechanisms include in utero hypoxia, nicotine-induced reductions in uteroplacental blood flow, placental toxicity, or toxic growth restriction from the many toxicants in tobacco smoke. Studies have reported increased risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and hypertension although the evidence here is weaker than for overweight/obesity. Altered DNA methylation has been consistently documented in smoking mothers' offspring, and these epigenetic alterations are extensive and postnatally durable. A causal link between altered DNA methylation and the phenotypic changes observed in offspring remains to be firmly established, yet the association is strong, and mediation analyses suggest a causal link. Studies examining expression patterns of affected genes during childhood development and associated health outcomes should be instructive in this regard. The adverse effects of exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy now clearly include permanent metabolic derangements in offspring that can adversely affect life-long health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Rogers
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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20
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Ko EB, Hwang KA, Choi KC. Prenatal toxicity of the environmental pollutants on neuronal and cardiac development derived from embryonic stem cells. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 90:15-23. [PMID: 31425785 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides, antibiotics, and industrial excipients are widely used in agriculture, medicine, and chemical industry, respectively. They often end up in the environment, not only being not easily decomposed but also being accumulated. Moreover, they may cause serious toxic problems such as reproductive and developmental defects, immunological toxicity, and carcinogenesis. Hence, they are called environmental pollutants. It is known that the environmental pollutants easily enter the body through various channels such as respiration, ingestion of food, and skin contact etc. in everyday life. If they enter the mother through the placenta, they can cause the disturbance in embryo development as well as malfunction of organs after birth because early prenatal developmental process is highly sensitive to toxic chemicals and stress. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that consist of inner cell mass of blastocyst differentiate into distinct cell lineages via three germ layers such as the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm due to their pluripotency. The differentiation process initiated from ESCs reflects dynamic nature of embryonic development. Therefore, ESCs have been used as a useful tool to investigate early developmental toxicities of a variety of stress. Based on relatively recent scientific results, this review would address toxicity of a few chemical substances that have been widely used as pesticide, antibiotics, and industrial excipient on ESCs based-prenatal developmental process. This review further suggests how they act on the viability of ESCs and/or early stages of cardiac and neuronal development derived from ESCs as well as on expression of pluripotency and/or differentiation markers through diverse mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eul-Bee Ko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Greene RM, Pisano MM. Developmental toxicity of e-cigarette aerosols. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1294-1301. [PMID: 31400084 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy represents a major public health concern increasing the risk for low birth weight, congenital anomalies, preterm birth, fetal mortality, and morbidity. In an effort to diminish adverse developmental effects of exposure to cigarette smoking, pregnant women, and women of reproductive age, are increasingly turning to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as e-cigarettes, as an alternative. Given that health risks associated with ENDS use during pregnancy are largely unknown, there is an acute need to determine risks vs. benefits of e-cigarette use by pregnant women. While the most recent Surgeon General's Report on the "Health Consequences of Smoking" states that "the evidence is sufficient to infer that nicotine adversely affects maternal and fetal health during pregnancy, contributing to multiple adverse outcomes," it remains unclear whether use of ENDS represents a "safer alternative" to tobacco smoking during pregnancy. This is due, in part, to the lack of sufficient and conclusive evidence concerning whether or not maternal e-cigarette use adversely affects embryonic/fetal development. While several recent developmental studies have challenged the safety of nicotine inhalation via ENDS, the true risks of smoking e-cigarettes during the first trimester of pregnancy-the period of organogenesis-are largely unknown. Moreover, evidence is emerging that even nicotine-free e-cigarette aerosols may harm the developing conceptus, suggesting that components of e-cigarette liquid, including flavorings, may be developmentally toxicity. Focused human epidemiological analyses, and carefully designed animal studies are critically needed to address the question of the safety of ENDS use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Greene
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - M Michele Pisano
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
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22
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Reece S, Morgan C, Parascandola M, Siddiqi K. Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy: a cross-sectional analysis of data from Demographic and Health Survey from 30 low-income and middle-income countries. Tob Control 2019; 28:420-426. [PMID: 30026189 PMCID: PMC10442074 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy increases the risk of infant stillbirth, congenital malformations, low birth weight and respiratory illnesses. However, little is known about the extent of SHS exposure during pregnancy. We assessed the prevalence of SHS exposure in pregnant women in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS We used Demographic and Health Survey data collected between 2008 and 2013 from 30 LMICs. We estimated weighted country-specific prevalence of SHS exposure among 37 427 pregnant women. We accounted for sampling weights, clustering and stratification in the sampling methods. We also explored associations between sociodemographic variables and SHS exposure in pregnant women using pairwise multinomial regression model. FINDINGS The prevalence of daily SHS exposure during pregnancy ranged from 6% (95% CI 5% to 7%) (Nigeria) to 73% (95% CI 62% to 81%) (Armenia) and was greater than active tobacco use in pregnancy across all countries studied. Being wealthier, maternal employment, higher education and urban households were associated with lower SHS exposure in full regression models. SHS exposure in pregnant women closely mirrors WHO Global Adult Tobacco Survey male active smoking patterns. Daily SHS exposure accounted for a greater population attributable fraction of stillbirths than active smoking, ranging from 1% of stillbirths (Nigeria) to 14% (Indonesia). INTERPRETATION We have demonstrated that SHS exposure during pregnancy is far more common than active smoking in LMICs, accounting for more stillbirths than active smoking. Protecting pregnant women from SHS exposure should be a key strategy to improve maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Reece
- Department of Health Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Camille Morgan
- Tobacco Control Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Parascandola
- Tobacco Control Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Science, University of York, York, UK
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23
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Tsuji M, Shibata E, Askew DJ, Morokuma S, Aiko Y, Senju A, Araki S, Sanefuji M, Ishihara Y, Tanaka R, Kusuhara K, Kawamoto T. Associations between metal concentrations in whole blood and placenta previa and placenta accreta: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:40. [PMID: 31174461 PMCID: PMC6556030 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Placenta previa and placenta accreta associate with high morbidity and mortality for both mothers and fetus. Metal exposure may have relationships with placenta previa and placenta accreta. This study analyzed the associations between maternal metal (cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], mercury [Hg], selenium [Se], and manganese [Mn]) concentrations and placenta previa and placenta accreta. Methods We recruited 17,414 women with singleton pregnancies. Data from a self-administered questionnaire regarding the first trimester and medical records after delivery were analyzed. Maternal blood samples were collected to measure metal concentrations. The subjects were classified into four quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to metal concentrations. Results The odds ratio for placenta previa was significantly higher among subjects with Q4 Cd than those with Q1 Cd. The odds ratio for placenta previa was significantly higher for subjects with Q2 Pb than those with Q1 Pb. Conclusion Participants with placenta previa had higher Cd concentrations. However, this study was cross-sectional and lacked important information related to Cd concentration, such as detailed smoking habits and sources of Cd intake. In addition, the subjects in this study comprised ordinary pregnant Japanese women, and it was impossible to observe the relationship between a wide range of Cd exposure and placenta previa. Therefore, epidemiological and experimental studies are warranted to verify the relationship between Cd exposure and pregnancy abnormalities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-019-0795-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Eiji Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - David J Askew
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Seiichi Morokuma
- Research Center for Environmental and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukiyo Aiko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ayako Senju
- Japan Environment and Children's Study, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Subunit Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Araki
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sanefuji
- Research Center for Environmental and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rie Tanaka
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Koichi Kusuhara
- Japan Environment and Children's Study, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Subunit Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kawamoto
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Irizar A, Gil F, Lertxundi A, Martín-Domingo MC, Urbieta N, Molinuevo A, Ibarluzea J, Basterrechea M, Aurrekoetxea JJ, Jiménez-Zabala A, Santa-Marina L. Manganese levels in newborns' hair by maternal sociodemographic, dietary and environmental factors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:92-100. [PMID: 30576994 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to manganese (Mn) has been associated with neurodevelopmental problems in children. Mn exposure begins in utero, and maternal sociodemographic, dietary and environmental factors may affect Mn levels in newborns' hair. This study aimed to characterize in utero Mn exposure using Mn levels in newborns' hair as a biomarker of prenatal exposure, and to analyze its relationship with sociodemographic, dietary and environmental factors in the Spanish INMA-Gipuzkoa cohort. Overall, 638 pregnant women were recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy and a hair sample was obtained from 473 newborns. Sociodemographic, dietary and environmental data were recorded through two questionnaires administered in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. The median Mn concentration in newborns´ hair was 0.31 µg/g (P5 = 0.02; P95 = 1.23). Mn levels in newborns´ hair were associated with smoking during pregnancy (β = 0.222; 95% CI = 0.065-0.379) and with maternal PM2.5 exposure (β = 0.025; 95% CI = 0.004; 0.047), as well as with cereal and pasta intake in the first trimester of pregnancy (β = 0.002; 95% CI = 0.0004; 0.003). In conclusion, fetal exposure to Mn was associated with smoking and exposure to atmospheric pollution during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Irizar
- BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain, San Sebastian 20014, Spain.
| | - F Gil
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health of the University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Spain
| | - M C Martín-Domingo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - N Urbieta
- BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - A Molinuevo
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ibarluzea
- BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain, San Sebastian 20014, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, 4 Av. de Navarra, San Sebastian 20013, Spain
| | - M Basterrechea
- BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain, San Sebastian 20014, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, 4 Av. de Navarra, San Sebastian 20013, Spain
| | - J J Aurrekoetxea
- BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain, San Sebastian 20014, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, 4 Av. de Navarra, San Sebastian 20013, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health of the University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Spain
| | - A Jiménez-Zabala
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, 4 Av. de Navarra, San Sebastian 20013, Spain
| | - L Santa-Marina
- BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain, San Sebastian 20014, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, 4 Av. de Navarra, San Sebastian 20013, Spain
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25
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Toxic Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Brainstem Nicotinic Receptor Expression: Primary Cause of Sudden Unexplained Perinatal Death. TOXICS 2018; 6:toxics6040063. [PMID: 30340403 PMCID: PMC6316297 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the neurotoxicants contained in tobacco smoke, if absorbed during pregnancy, nicotine significantly affects α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which play essential roles in the development of the brainstem regions receiving cholinergic projections in perinatal life. Immunohistochemical procedures for analysing formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded brainstem samples from 68 fetuses and early newborns, with smoking and non-smoking mothers, who died of known and unknown causes, were carried out in order to determine if nicotine had activated the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. High α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression levels were only observed in the victims with smoking mothers. Frequently, these findings were associated with the hypoplasia of the brainstem structures controlling vital functions. The results of this study indicate that the exposition to nicotine in pregnancy exerts a strong direct effect on α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity especially in perinatal life and may be one of the primary risk factors leading to the sudden unexplained death of fetuses and newborns.
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Maternal smoking and low family income during pregnancy as predictors of the relationship between depression and adiposity in young adults. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:552-560. [PMID: 30111386 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing incidence of overweight/obesity and mental health disorders in young adults and the two conditions often coexist. We aimed to investigate the influence of antenatal and postnatal factors that may underlie this association with a focus on maternal prenatal smoking, socio-economic status and gender. Data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study (women enrolled 1989-1991) including 1056 offspring aged 20 years (cohort recalled 2010-2012) were analyzed (2015-2016) using multivariable models for associations between offspring depression scores (DASS-21 Depression-scale) and body mass index (BMI), adjusting for pregnancy and early life factors and offspring behaviours. There was a significant positive relationship between offspring depression-score and BMI independent of gender and other psychosocial covariates. There was a significant interaction between maternal prenatal smoking and depression-score (interaction coefficient=0.096; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.19, P=0.037), indicating the relationship between depression-score and BMI differed according to maternal prenatal smoking status. In offspring of maternal prenatal smokers, a positive association between BMI and depression-score (coefficient=0.133; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.21, P=0.001) equated to 1.1 kg/m2 increase in BMI for every 1standard deviation (8 units) increase in depression-score. Substituting low family income during pregnancy for maternal prenatal smoking in the interaction (interaction coefficient=0.091; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.17, P=0.027) showed a positive association between BMI and depression score only among offspring of mothers with a low family income during pregnancy (coefficient=0.118; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.18, P<0.001). There were no significant effects of gender on these associations. Whilst further studies are needed to determine whether these associations are supported in other populations, they suggest potentially important maternal behavioural and socio-economic factors that identify individuals vulnerable to the coexistence of obesity and depression in early adulthood.
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Kia F, Tosun N, Carlson S, Allen S. Examining characteristics associated with quitting smoking during pregnancy and relapse postpartum. Addict Behav 2018; 78:114-119. [PMID: 29149636 PMCID: PMC5783747 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking during pregnancy is a significant public health concern that can cause adverse health outcomes for both the mother and fetus. Studies have shown only 40% of women quit smoking during pregnancy, with more than half relapsing within 6months, and up to 90% relapsing within one year. This study investigates differences in demographics and smoking-related symptomatology between pregnant smokers and pregnant quitters, as well as factors associated with postpartum relapse. METHODS Data on pregnant smokers and pregnant quitters were obtained from two separate parent studies. Data on smoking demographics and smoking-related symptomatology were collected at screening visits. RESULTS Compared to pregnant smokers, pregnant quitters had more favorable smoking characteristics (e.g., smoked fewer cigarettes per day, reported higher motivation for abstinence and less dependency). They also had more favorable relationship characteristics (e.g., were more likely to be married, less likely to have a significant other who smokes) and had less reproductive liability (e.g., fewer pregnancies, fewer children). In terms of symptomatology, pregnant quitters reported more positive affect, negative affect, physical symptoms and withdrawal but less craving. Predictors of postpartum relapse included increased maternal age, having a significant other who smokes and an increased likelihood of returning to smoking after pregnancy (self-reported prior to delivery). CONCLUSIONS Several demographics and smoking-related symptomatology were significantly different between pregnant quitters and pregnant smokers. In addition, multiple factors predicting postpartum relapse were identified. This information can inform personalized interventions for high risk pregnant smokers and pregnant quitters at risk for postpartum relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaaz Kia
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
| | - Nicole Tosun
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
| | - Samantha Carlson
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
| | - Sharon Allen
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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Bauld L, Graham H, Sinclair L, Flemming K, Naughton F, Ford A, McKell J, McCaughan D, Hopewell S, Angus K, Eadie D, Tappin D. Barriers to and facilitators of smoking cessation in pregnancy and following childbirth: literature review and qualitative study. Health Technol Assess 2018; 21:1-158. [PMID: 28661375 DOI: 10.3310/hta21360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many women stop smoking in pregnancy, others continue, causing harm to maternal and child health. Smoking behaviour is influenced by many factors, including the role of women's significant others (SOs) and support from health-care professionals (HPs). OBJECTIVES To enhance understanding of the barriers to, and facilitators of, smoking cessation and the feasibility and acceptability of interventions to reach and support pregnant women to stop smoking. DESIGN Four parts: (1) a description of interventions in the UK for smoking cessation in pregnancy; (2) three systematic reviews (syntheses) of qualitative research of women's, SOs' and HPs' views of smoking in pregnancy using meta-ethnography (interpretative approach for combining findings); (3) semistructured interviews with pregnant women, SOs and HPs, guided by the social-ecological framework (conceptualises behaviour as an outcome of individuals' interactions with environment); and (4) identification of new/improved interventions for future testing. SETTING Studies in reviews conducted in high-income countries. Qualitative research was conducted from October 2013 to December 2014 in two mixed urban/rural study sites: area A (Scotland) and area B (England). PARTICIPANTS Thirty-eight studies (1100 pregnant women) in 42 papers, nine studies (150 partners) in 14 papers and eight studies described in nine papers (190 HPs) included in reviews. Forty-one interviews with pregnant women, 32 interviews with pregnant women's SOs and 28 individual/group interviews with 48 HPs were conducted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The perceived barriers to, and facilitators of, smoking cessation in pregnancy and the identification of potential new/modified interventions. RESULTS Syntheses identified smoking-related perceptions and experiences for pregnant women and SOs that were fluid and context dependent with the capacity to help or hinder smoking cessation. Themes were analysed in accordance with the social-ecological framework levels. From the analysis of the interviews, the themes that were central to cessation in pregnancy at an individual level, and that reflected the findings from the reviews, were perception of risk to baby, self-efficacy, influence of close relationships and smoking as a way of coping with stress. Overall, pregnant smokers were faced with more barriers than facilitators. At an interpersonal level, partners' emotional and practical support, willingness to change smoking behaviour and role of smoking within relationships were important. Across the review and interviews of HPs, education to enhance knowledge and confidence in delivering information about smoking in pregnancy and the centrality of the client relationship, protection of which could be a factor in downplaying risks, were important. HPs acknowledged that they could best assist by providing support and understanding, and access to effective interventions, including an opt-out referral pathway to Stop Smoking Services, routine carbon monoxide screening, behavioural support and access to pharmacotherapy. Additional themes at community, organisational and societal levels were also identified. LIMITATIONS Limitations include a design grounded in qualitative studies, difficulties recruiting SOs, and local service configurations and recruitment processes that potentially skewed the sample. CONCLUSIONS Perceptions and experiences of barriers to and facilitators of smoking cessation in pregnancy are fluid and context dependent. Effective interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy should take account of the interplay between the individual, interpersonal and environmental aspects of women's lives. FUTURE WORK Research focus: removing barriers to support, improving HPs' capacity to offer accurate advice, and exploration of weight concerns and relapse prevention. Interventions focus: financial incentives, self-help and social network interventions. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42013004170. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bauld
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lesley Sinclair
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Kate Flemming
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Felix Naughton
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Behavioural Science Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Allison Ford
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Jennifer McKell
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Sarah Hopewell
- Behavioural Science Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathryn Angus
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Douglas Eadie
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - David Tappin
- Child Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Rokoff LB, Rifas-Shiman SL, Coull BA, Cardenas A, Calafat AM, Ye X, Gryparis A, Schwartz J, Sagiv SK, Gold DR, Oken E, Fleisch AF. Cumulative exposure to environmental pollutants during early pregnancy and reduced fetal growth: the Project Viva cohort. Environ Health 2018; 17:19. [PMID: 29458383 PMCID: PMC5819079 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced fetal growth is associated with perinatal and later morbidity. Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants is linked to reduced fetal growth at birth, but the impact of concomitant exposure to multiple pollutants is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine interactions between early pregnancy exposure to cigarette smoke, traffic pollution, and select perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on birth weight-for-gestational age (BW/GA). METHODS Among 1597 Project Viva mother-infant pairs, we assessed maternal cigarette smoking by questionnaire, traffic pollution at residential address by black carbon land use regression model, and plasma concentration of select PFASs in early pregnancy. We calculated sex-specific BW/GA z-scores, an index of fetal growth, from national reference data. We fit covariate-adjusted multi-pollutant linear regression models and examined interactions between exposures, using a likelihood-ratio test to identify a best-fit model. RESULTS Two hundred six (13%) mothers smoked during pregnancy. Mean [standard deviation (SD)] for black carbon was 0.8 (0.3) μg/m3, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was 29.1 (16.5) ng/mL, and BW/GA z-score was 0.19 (0.96). In the best-fit model, BW/GA z-score was lower in infants of mothers exposed to greater black carbon [- 0.08 (95% CI: -0.15, - 0.01) per interquartile range (IQR)]. BW/GA z-score (95% CI) was also lower in infants of mothers who smoked [- 0.09 (- 0.23, 0.06)] or were exposed to greater PFOS [- 0.03 (- 0.07, 0.02) per IQR], although confidence intervals crossed the null. There were no interactions between exposures. In secondary analyses, instead of PFOS, we examined perfluorononanoate (PFNA) [mean (SD): 0.7 (0.4) ng/mL], a PFAS more closely linked to lower BW/GA in our cohort. The best-fit multi-pollutant model included positive two-way interactions between PFNA and both black carbon and smoking (p-interactions = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Concurrent prenatal exposures to maternal smoking, black carbon, and PFOS are additively associated with lower fetal growth, whereas PFNA may attenuate associations of smoking and black carbon with lower fetal growth. It is important to examine interactions between multiple exposures in relation to health outcomes, as effects may not always be additive and may shed light on biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. Rokoff
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Alexandros Gryparis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sharon K. Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Diane R. Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Abby F. Fleisch
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME USA
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME USA
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30
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Campbell KA, Fergie L, Coleman-Haynes T, Cooper S, Lorencatto F, Ussher M, Dyas J, Coleman T. Improving Behavioral Support for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: What Are the Barriers to Stopping and Which Behavior Change Techniques Can Influence These? Application of Theoretical Domains Framework. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E359. [PMID: 29462994 PMCID: PMC5858428 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral support interventions are used to help pregnant smokers stop; however, of those tested, few are proven effective. Systematic research developing effective pregnancy-specific behavior change techniques (BCTs) is ongoing. This paper reports contributory work identifying potentially-effective BCTs relative to known important barriers and facilitators (B&Fs) to smoking cessation in pregnancy; to detect priority areas for BCTs development. A Nominal Group Technique with cessation experts (n = 12) elicited an expert consensus on B&Fs most influencing women's smoking cessation and those most modifiable through behavioral support. Effective cessation interventions in randomized trials from a recent Cochrane review were coded into component BCTs using existing taxonomies. B&Fs were categorized using Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) domains. Matrices, mapping BCT taxonomies against TDF domains, were consulted to investigate the extent to which BCTs in existing interventions target key B&Fs. Experts ranked "smoking a social norm" and "quitting not a priority" as most important barriers and "desire to protect baby" an important facilitator to quitting. From 14 trials, 23 potentially-effective BCTs were identified (e.g., information about consequences). Most B&Fs fell into "Social Influences", "Knowledge", "Emotions" and "Intentions" TDF domains; few potentially-effective BCTs mapped onto every TDF domain. B&Fs identified by experts as important to cessation, are not sufficiently targeted by BCT's currently within interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Campbell
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Room 1406, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Libby Fergie
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Room 1406, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Tom Coleman-Haynes
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Room 1406, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Sue Cooper
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Room 1406, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Fabiana Lorencatto
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Michael Ussher
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's University of London, London, UK and Institute of Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
| | - Jane Dyas
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Room 1406, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Tim Coleman
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Room 1406, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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31
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Huang L, Luo Y, Wen X, He YH, Ding P, Xie C, Liu T, Yuan SX, Jia DQ, Chen WQ. Gene-gene-environment interactions of prenatal exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, CYP1A1 and GSTs polymorphisms on full-term low birth weight: relationship of maternal passive smoking, gene polymorphisms, and FT-LBW. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2200-2208. [PMID: 29338478 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1429394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the interaction effects of prenatal exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and genotypes of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) on the risk of full-term low birth weight (FT-LBW). STUDY DESIGN We conducted a case-control study among pregnant women at two Women and Children's Hospitals in Guangdong, China (n = 910). Information was collected through interview, medical records review, and blood lab tests. Maternal selfreport and serum cotinine concentration were combined to define prenatal exposed to ETS. Logistic regression approach was applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that regardless of genotypes, prenatal exposed to ETS significantly increased the risk of FT-LBW. Then, two-way interactions showed increased prevalence of FT-LBW in prenatal exposed to ETS mothers with the CYP1A1 variant genotype (MspI "CC"), or with GSTT1-null genotype. Furthermore, three-way interactions showed that women with CYP1A1 variant (MspI "TC" or BsrDI "AG") genotypes and GSTT1 "null" genotype had higher risk to give birth of FT-LBW. Additionally, among nonexposed ETS mothers, genotype did not independently confer adverse effects on FT-LBW. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that prenatal exposed to ETS is independently associated with FT-LBW while gene polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and GSTs merely play modified roles in this process. This study extends understanding of three-way interaction, and stresses the need to tobacco control toward pregnant women for better pregnant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Huang
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yijuan Luo
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen , China
| | - Xiaozhong Wen
- c Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine , School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA.,d Department of Social and Preventive Medicine , School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Yan-Hui He
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Peng Ding
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chuanbo Xie
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Tao Liu
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shi-Xin Yuan
- e Shenzhen Women and Children's Hospital , Shenzhen , China
| | - De-Qin Jia
- f Foshan Women and Children's Hospital , Foshan , China
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- a Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.,g Department of Information Management , Xinhua College, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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32
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Pereira PPDS, Da Mata FAF, Figueiredo ACG, de Andrade KRC, Pereira MG. Maternal Active Smoking During Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight in the Americas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:497-505. [PMID: 28403455 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Smoking during pregnancy may negatively impact newborn birth weight. This study investigates the relationship between maternal active smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight in the Americas through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A literature search was conducted through indexed databases and the grey literature. Case-control and cohort studies published between 1984 and 2016 conducted within the Americas were included without restriction regarding publication language. The article selection process and data extraction were performed by two independent investigators. A meta-analysis of random effects was conducted, and possible causes of between-study heterogeneity were evaluated by meta-regressions and subgroup analyses. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of Begg's funnel plot and by Egger's regression test. Results The literature search yielded 848 articles from which 34 studies were selected for systematic review and 30 for meta-analysis. Active maternal smoking was associated with low birth weight, OR = 2.00 (95% CI: 1.77-2.26; I2 = 66.3%). The funnel plot and Egger's test (p = .14) indicated no publication bias. Meta-regression revealed that sample size, study quality, and the number of confounders in the original studies did not account for the between-study heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis indicated no significant differences when studies were compared by design, sample size, and regions of the Americas. Conclusion Low birth weight is associated with maternal active smoking during pregnancy regardless of the region in the Americas or the studies' methodological aspects. Implications A previous search of the major electronic databases revealed that no studies appear to have been conducted to summarize the association between maternal active smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight within the Americas. Therefore, this systematic review may help to fill the information gap. The region of the Americas contains some of the most populous countries in the world; therefore, this study may provide useful data from this massive segment of the world's population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiana A F Da Mata
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maurício Gomes Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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33
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Lavezzi AM, Ferrero S, Roncati L, Piscioli F, Matturri L, Pusiol T. Nicotinic Receptor Abnormalities in the Cerebellar Cortex of Sudden Unexplained Fetal and Infant Death Victims-Possible Correlation With Maternal Smoking. ASN Neuro 2017; 9:1759091417720582. [PMID: 28735558 PMCID: PMC5528189 DOI: 10.1177/1759091417720582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are cationic channels of the neuronal cell membrane, differentially expressed in the central nervous system which, when activated by endogenous acetylcholine or exogenous nicotine, are able to enhance cholinergic transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate in human perinatal age the immunohistochemical expression of the α7-nAChR subtype, given its involvement in neuronal differentiation and its significant vulnerability to the toxic effects of nicotine. Thirty fetuses (with a gestational age between 25 and 40 weeks) and 35 infants (1-6 months old), suddenly died of known (controls) and unknown causes (unexplained deaths), with smoking and nonsmoking mothers, were included in this study. A negative or low immunoexpression of α7-nAChRs, indicative of their inactivation, was observed in the granular layers of the cerebellar cortex in 66% of the sudden unexplained perinatal deaths and 11% of the controls. A high correlation was also observed between these findings and maternal smoking. Apart from the well-known adverse effects of nicotine exposure during pregnancy, it may also cause significant alterations in cerebellar cholinergic transmission in areas of the brain involved in vital functions. These events may give us insights into the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to sudden unexplained fetal and infant death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Lavezzi
- “Lino Rossi” Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferrero
- “Lino Rossi” Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Roncati
- Institute of Pathology, Hospital of Rovereto, Trento, Italy
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Piscioli
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi Matturri
- “Lino Rossi” Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Pusiol
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Hospital, Modena, Italy
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34
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Niu Z, Xie C, Wen X, Tian F, Ding P, He Y, Fan L, Yuan S, Jia D, Chen WQ. Mediating role of maternal serum interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy and low birth weight at term. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:1251-1258. [PMID: 28347163 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1312332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the mediation effects of maternal serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during pregnancy and low birth weight (LBW) at term. METHODS ETS exposure, birth weight, blood sample and covariates were collected from 195 pregnant women delivered term LBW infants and 195 controls delivered normal birth weight infants in two Maternity and Child Hospitals in Guangdong, China. Maternal serum IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by flow cytometry. Logistic regression models and path analyses explored the mediation effects of maternal IL-1β and TNF-α on the association between ETS exposure and LBW. RESULTS LBW was significantly associated with maternal ETS exposure (OR = 2.14 (95% CI =1.06-4.32)). TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly associated with both LBW (OR = 1.87 (1.41-2.47) and OR = 1.53 (1.14-2.05)) and ETS (β = 0.32 (0.04-0.60) and β = 0.27 (0.05-0.49)). Traditional mediation analyses indicated the separate mediation effect of TNF-α and IL-1β was 32.2% and 24.6%, respectively. Path analysis revealed the combined mediation effects of TNF-α and IL-1β as 29.4% in the pathway from ETS exposure to LBW. CONCLUSIONS Maternal serum IL-1β and TNF-α may play a mediating role in the association between maternal ETS exposure during pregnancy and term LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Niu
- a Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Chuanbo Xie
- b Department of Cancer Prevention Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China , Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Xiaozhong Wen
- c Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Fuying Tian
- a Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Peng Ding
- a Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Yanhui He
- a Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Lijun Fan
- a Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Shixin Yuan
- d Shenzhen Women and Children's Hospital , Shenzhen , PR China
| | - Deqin Jia
- e Foshan Women and Children's Hospital , Foshan , PR China
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- a Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , PR China
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35
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Richardson J, Stephens S, Yates L, Diav-Citrin O, Arnon J, Beghin D, Kayser A, Kennedy D, Cupitt D, te Winkel B, Peltonen M, Kaplan Y, Thomas S. Pregnancy outcomes after maternal varenicline use; analysis of surveillance data collected by the European Network of Teratology Information Services. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 67:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Bellingham M, Fowler PA, MacDonald ES, Mandon‐Pepin B, Cotinot C, Rhind S, Sharpe RM, Evans NP. Timing of Maternal Exposure and Foetal Sex Determine the Effects of Low-level Chemical Mixture Exposure on the Foetal Neuroendocrine System in Sheep. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28:10.1111/jne.12444. [PMID: 27870155 PMCID: PMC5621486 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that continuous maternal exposure to the complex mixture of environmental chemicals (ECs) found in human biosolids (sewage sludge), disrupts mRNA expression of genes crucial for development and long-term regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) function in sheep. The present study investigated whether exposure to ECs only during preconceptional period or only during pregnancy perturbed key regulatory genes within the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and whether these effects were different from chronic (life-long) exposure to biosolid ECs. The findings demonstrate that the timing and duration of maternal EC exposure influences the subsequent effects on the foetal neuroendocrine system in a sex-specific manner. Maternal exposure prior to conception, or during pregnancy only, altered the expression of key foetal neuroendocrine regulatory systems such as gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and kisspeptin to a greater extent than when maternal exposure was 'life-long'. Furthermore, hypothalamic gene expression was affected to a greater extent in males than in females and, following EC exposure, male foetuses expressed more 'female-like' mRNA levels for some key neuroendocrine genes. This is the first study to show that 'real-life' maternal exposure to low levels of a complex cocktail of chemicals prior to conception can subsequently affect the developing foetal neuroendocrine system. These findings demonstrate that the developing neuroendocrine system is sensitive to EC mixtures in a sex-dimorphic manner likely to predispose to reproductive dysfunction in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bellingham
- Institute of BiodiversityAnimal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - P. A. Fowler
- Division of Applied MedicineCentre for Reproductive Endocrinology and MedicineInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - E. S. MacDonald
- Institute of BiodiversityAnimal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - C. Cotinot
- UMR BDRUniversite Paris SaclayParisFrance
| | - S. Rhind
- James Hutton InstituteAberdeenUK
| | - R. M. Sharpe
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - N. P. Evans
- Institute of BiodiversityAnimal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Morgan H, Treasure E, Tabib M, Johnston M, Dunkley C, Ritchie D, Semple S, Turner S. An interview study of pregnant women who were provided with indoor air quality measurements of second hand smoke to help them quit smoking. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:305. [PMID: 27729030 PMCID: PMC5059897 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal smoking can cause health complications in pregnancy. Particulate matter (PM2.5) metrics applied to second hand smoke (SHS) concentrations provide indoor air quality (IAQ) measurements and have been used to promote smoking behaviour change among parents of young children. Here, we present the qualitative results from a study designed to use IAQ measurements to help pregnant women who smoke to quit smoking. Methods We used IAQ measurements in two centres (Aberdeen and Coventry) using two interventions: 1. In Aberdeen, women made IAQ measurements in their homes following routine ultrasound scan; 2. In Coventry, IAQ measurements were added to a home-based Stop Smoking in Pregnancy Service. All women were invited to give a qualitative interview to explore acceptability and feasibility of IAQ measurements to help with smoking cessation. A case study approach using grounded theory was applied to develop a typology of pregnant women who smoke. Results There were 39 women recruited (18 in Aberdeen and 21 in Coventry) and qualitative interviews were undertaken with nine of those women. Diverse accounts of smoking behaviours and experiences of participation were given. Many women reported changes to their smoking behaviours during pregnancy. Most women wanted to make further changes to their own behaviour, but could not commit or felt constrained by living with a partner or family members who smoked. Others could not envisage quitting. Using themes emerging from the interviews, we constructed a typology where women were classified as follows: ‘champions for change’; ‘keen, but not committed’; and ‘can’t quit, won’t quit’. Three women reported quitting smoking alongside participation in our study. Conclusions Pregnant women who smoke remain hard to engage,. Although providing IAQ measurements does not obviously improve quit rates, it can support changes in smoking behaviour in/around the home for some individuals. Our typology might offer a useful assessment tool for midwives. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12884-016-1062-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Morgan
- Research Fellow, Health Services Research Unit, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Treasure
- Lecturers in Midwifery (Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen), Research Midwives (NHS Grampian), Garthdee, Aberdeen, AB10 7AQ, UK
| | - Mo Tabib
- Lecturers in Midwifery (Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen), Research Midwives (NHS Grampian), Garthdee, Aberdeen, AB10 7AQ, UK
| | - Majella Johnston
- Stop Smoking in Pregnancy Coordinator, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, NHS Coventry, Coventry, CV1 4FS, UK
| | - Chris Dunkley
- Stop Smoking in Pregnancy Midwife, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, NHS Coventry, Coventry, CV1 4FS, UK
| | - Deborah Ritchie
- Honorary Lecturer in Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Sean Semple
- Senior Lecturer, Respiratory Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, UK
| | - Steve Turner
- Senior Lecturer (Clinical), Child Health, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen,, AB25 2ZG, UK
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Sarmah S, Muralidharan P, Marrs JA. Common congenital anomalies: Environmental causes and prevention with folic acid containing multivitamins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:274-286. [PMID: 27718306 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies, congenital defects, or birth defects are significant causes of death in infants. The most common congenital defects are congenital heart defects (CHDs) and neural tube defects (NTDs). Defects induced by genetic mutations, environmental exposure to toxins, or a combination of these effects can result in congenital malformations, leading to infant death or long-term disabilities. These defects produce significant mortality and morbidity in the affected individuals, and families are affected emotional and financially. Also, society is impacted on many levels. Congenital anomalies may be reduced by dietary supplements of folic acid and other vitamins. Here, we review the evidence for specific roles of toxins (alcohol, cigarette smoke) in causing common severe congenital anomalies like CHDs, NTDs, and ocular defects. We also review the evidence for beneficial effects for dietary supplementation, and highlight gaps in our knowledge, where research may contribute to additional benefits of intervention that can reduce birth defects. Extensive discussion of common severe congenital anomalies (CHDs, NTDs, and ocular defects) illustrates the effects of diet on the frequency and severity of these defects. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:274-286, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnalee Sarmah
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.
| | - Pooja Muralidharan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - James A Marrs
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.
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Milnerowicz-Nabzdyk E, Bizoń A, Zimmer M. How Does Tobacco Smoke Affect Fetal Growth Potential in the First Trimester of Pregnancy as Measured by Volume Parameters of the Fetus, Trophoblast, and Gestational Sac? Reprod Sci 2016; 24:548-559. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116660845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Milnerowicz-Nabzdyk
- 2nd Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Bizoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mariusz Zimmer
- 2nd Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Rezvanfar MA, Hodjat M, Abdollahi M. Growing knowledge of using embryonic stem cells as a novel tool in developmental risk assessment of environmental toxicants. Life Sci 2016; 158:137-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Okamura AMNC, Gomes PXL, de Oliveira GV, de Araújo FYR, Tomaz VS, Chaves Filho AJM, de Sousa FCF, Vasconcelos SMM, de Lucena DF, Macêdo D. N-acetylcysteine attenuates nicotine-induced kindling in female periadolescent rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 67:58-65. [PMID: 26812248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kindling is a form of behavioral sensitization that is related to the progression of several neuropsychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder. We recently demonstrated that female periadolescent rats are more vulnerable to nicotine (NIC)-induced kindling than their male counterparts. Furthermore, we evidenced that decreases in brain antioxidative defenses may contribute to this gender difference. Here we aimed to determine the preventive effects of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against NIC-kindling in female periadolescent rats. To do this female Wistar rats at postnatal day 30 received repeated injections of NIC 2mg/kg, i.p. every weekday for up to 19 days. NAC90, 180 or 270 mg/kg, i.p. was administered 30 min before NIC. The levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lipid peroxidation (LP) and nitrite were determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC) and striatum (ST). The development of kindling occurred at a median time of 16.5 days with 87.5% of NIC animals presenting stage 5 seizures in the last day of drug administration. NAC270 prevented the occurrence of kindling. NIC-kindled animals presented decreased levels of GSH and increased LP in the PFC, HC and ST, while SOD activity was decreased in the ST. NAC180 or 270 prevented the alterations in GSH induced by NIC, but only NAC270 prevented the alterations in LP. Nitrite levels increased in the ST of NAC270 pretreated NIC-kindled animals. Taken together we demonstrated that NAC presents anti-kindling effects in female animals partially through the restoration of oxidative alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mary Nunes Costa Okamura
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Xavier L Gomes
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gersilene V de Oliveira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Yvelize R de Araújo
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Viviane S Tomaz
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa F de Sousa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - David Freitas de Lucena
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Danielle Macêdo
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Campbell KA, Cooper S, Fahy SJ, Bowker K, Leonardi-Bee J, McEwen A, Whitemore R, Coleman T. 'Opt-out' referrals after identifying pregnant smokers using exhaled air carbon monoxide: impact on engagement with smoking cessation support. Tob Control 2016; 26:300-306. [PMID: 27225017 PMCID: PMC5520259 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background In the UK, free smoking cessation support is available to pregnant women; only a minority accesses this. ‘Opt-out’ referrals to stop smoking services (SSS) are recommended by UK guidelines. These involve identifying pregnant smokers using exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and referring them for support unless they object. Methods To assess the impact of ‘opt-out’ referrals for pregnant smokers on SSS uptake and effectiveness, we conducted a ‘before–after’ service development evaluation. In the 6-month ‘before’ period, there was a routine ‘opt-in’ referral system for self-reported smokers at antenatal ‘booking’ appointments. In the 6-month ‘after’ period, additional ‘opt-out’ referrals were introduced at the 12-week ultrasound appointments; women with CO≥4 ppm were referred to, and outcome data were collected from, local SSS. Results Approximately 2300 women attended antenatal care in each period. Before the implementation, 536 (23.4%) women reported smoking at ‘booking’ and 290 (12.7%) were referred to SSS. After the implementation, 524 (22.9%) women reported smoking at ‘booking’, an additional 156 smokers (6.8%) were identified via the ‘opt-out’ referrals and, in total, 421 (18.4%) were referred to SSS. Over twice as many women set a quit date with the SSS after ‘opt-out’ referrals were implemented (121 (5.3%, 95% CI 4.4% to 6.3%) compared to 57 (2.5%, 95% CI 1.9% to 3.2%) before implementation) and reported being abstinent 4 weeks later (93 (4.1%, 95% CI 3.3% to 4.9%) compared to 46 (2.0%, 1.5% to 2.7%) before implementation). Conclusions In a hospital with an ‘opt-in’ referral system, adding CO screening with ‘opt-out’ referrals as women attended ultrasound examinations doubled the numbers of pregnant smokers setting quit dates and reporting smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Campbell
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sue Cooper
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Samantha J Fahy
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katharine Bowker
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jo Leonardi-Bee
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andy McEwen
- National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training (NCSCT), London, UK
| | - Rachel Whitemore
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tim Coleman
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Fisher PA, Beauchamp KG, Roos LE, Noll LK, Flannery J, Delker BC. The Neurobiology of Intervention and Prevention in Early Adversity. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2016; 12:331-57. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Fisher
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403;
| | - Kate G. Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403;
| | - Leslie E. Roos
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403;
| | - Laura K. Noll
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403;
| | - Jessica Flannery
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403;
| | - Brianna C. Delker
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403;
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Morgan H, Hoddinott P, Thomson G, Crossland N, Farrar S, Yi D, Hislop J, Moran VH, MacLennan G, Dombrowski SU, Rothnie K, Stewart F, Bauld L, Ludbrook A, Dykes F, Sniehotta FF, Tappin D, Campbell M. Benefits of Incentives for Breastfeeding and Smoking cessation in pregnancy (BIBS): a mixed-methods study to inform trial design. Health Technol Assess 2016; 19:1-522, vii-viii. [PMID: 25897655 DOI: 10.3310/hta19300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking in pregnancy and/or not breastfeeding have considerable negative health outcomes for mother and baby. AIM To understand incentive mechanisms of action for smoking cessation in pregnancy and breastfeeding, develop a taxonomy and identify promising, acceptable and feasible interventions to inform trial design. DESIGN Evidence syntheses, primary qualitative survey, and discrete choice experiment (DCE) research using multidisciplinary, mixed methods. Two mother-and-baby groups in disadvantaged areas collaborated throughout. SETTING UK. PARTICIPANTS The qualitative study included 88 pregnant women/recent mothers/partners, 53 service providers, 24 experts/decision-makers and 63 conference attendees. The surveys included 1144 members of the general public and 497 health professionals. The DCE study included 320 women with a history of smoking. METHODS (1) Evidence syntheses: incentive effectiveness (including meta-analysis and effect size estimates), delivery processes, barriers to and facilitators of smoking cessation in pregnancy and/or breastfeeding, scoping review of incentives for lifestyle behaviours; (2) qualitative research: grounded theory to understand incentive mechanisms of action and a framework approach for trial design; (3) survey: multivariable ordered logit models; (4) DCE: conditional logit regression and the log-likelihood ratio test. RESULTS Out of 1469 smoking cessation and 5408 breastfeeding multicomponent studies identified, 23 smoking cessation and 19 breastfeeding studies were included in the review. Vouchers contingent on biochemically proven smoking cessation in pregnancy were effective, with a relative risk of 2.58 (95% confidence interval 1.63 to 4.07) compared with non-contingent incentives for participation (four studies, 344 participants). Effects continued until 3 months post partum. Inconclusive effects were found for breastfeeding incentives compared with no/smaller incentives (13 studies) but provider commitment contracts for breastfeeding show promise. Intervention intensity is a possible confounder. The acceptability of seven promising incentives was mixed. Women (for vouchers) and those with a lower level of education (except for breastfeeding incentives) were more likely to disagree. Those aged ≤ 44 years and ethnic minority groups were more likely to agree. Agreement was greatest for a free breast pump and least for vouchers for breastfeeding. Universal incentives were preferred to those targeting low-income women. Initial daily text/telephone support, a quitting pal, vouchers for > £20.00 per month and values up to £80.00 increase the likelihood of smoking cessation. Doctors disagreed with provider incentives. A 'ladder' logic model emerged through data synthesis and had face validity with service users. It combined an incentive typology and behaviour change taxonomy. Autonomy and well-being matter. Personal difficulties, emotions, socialising and attitudes of others are challenges to climbing a metaphorical 'ladder' towards smoking cessation and breastfeeding. Incentive interventions provide opportunity 'rungs' to help, including regular skilled flexible support, a pal, setting goals, monitoring and outcome verification. Individually tailored and non-judgemental continuity of care can bolster women's capabilities to succeed. Rigid, prescriptive interventions placing the onus on women to behave 'healthily' risk them feeling pressurised and failing. To avoid 'losing face', women may disengage. LIMITATIONS Included studies were heterogeneous and of variable quality, limiting the assessment of incentive effectiveness. No cost-effectiveness data were reported. In surveys, selection bias and confounding are possible. The validity and utility of the ladder logic model requires evaluation with more diverse samples of the target population. CONCLUSIONS Incentives provided with other tailored components show promise but reach is a concern. Formal evaluation is recommended. Collaborative service-user involvement is important. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42012001980. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Morgan
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Pat Hoddinott
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gill Thomson
- Maternal and Infant Nutrition and Nurture Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Nicola Crossland
- Maternal and Infant Nutrition and Nurture Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Shelley Farrar
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Deokhee Yi
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jenni Hislop
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Victoria Hall Moran
- Maternal and Infant Nutrition and Nurture Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Graeme MacLennan
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Kieran Rothnie
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Fiona Stewart
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Linda Bauld
- The Institute of Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Anne Ludbrook
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Fiona Dykes
- Maternal and Infant Nutrition and Nurture Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Falko F Sniehotta
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - David Tappin
- Perinatal Epidemiology and Child Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marion Campbell
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Tie K, Tan Y, Deng Y, Li J, Ni Q, Magdalou J, Chen L, Wang H. Prenatal nicotine exposure induces poor articular cartilage quality in female adult offspring fed a high-fat diet and the intrauterine programming mechanisms. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 60:11-20. [PMID: 26769161 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) induces skeletal growth retardation and dyslipidemia in offspring displaying intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Cholesterol accumulation resulting from cholesterol efflux dysfunction may reduce the quality of articular cartilage through fetal programming. This study evaluated the quality of articular cartilage of female adult offspring fed a high-fat diet and explored the mechanisms using a rat IUGR model established by the administration of 2.0mg/kg/d of subcutaneous nicotine from gestational days 11-20. The results demonstrated an increased OARSI (Osteoarthritis Research Society International) score and total cholesterol content, decreased serum corticosterone, and increased IGF1 and dyslipidemia with catch-up growth in PNE adult offspring. Cartilage matrix, IGF1 and cholesterol efflux pathway expression were reduced in PNE fetuses and adult offspring. Therefore, PNE induced poor articular cartilage quality in female adult offspring fed a high-fat diet via a dual programming mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qubo Ni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jacques Magdalou
- UMR 7561CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médicine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Fang F, Luo ZC, Dejemli A, Delvin E, Zhang J. Maternal Smoking and Metabolic Health Biomarkers in Newborns. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143660. [PMID: 26599278 PMCID: PMC4658089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal smoking has been associated with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes among the offspring in adulthood. The mechanisms underlying this fetal “programming” effect remain unclear. The present study sought to explore whether maternal smoking affects metabolic health biomarkers in fetuses/newborns. Methods In a prospective singleton pregnancy cohort (n = 248), we compared metabolic health biomarkers in the newborns of smoking and non-smoking mothers. Outcomes included cord plasma insulin, proinsulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, glucose-to-insulin ratio (an indicator of insulin sensitivity) and proinsulin-to-insulin ratio (an indicator of β-cell function). Results Independent of maternal (glucose tolerance, age, ethnicity, parity, education, body mass index, alcohol use) and infant (sex, gestational age, birth weight z score, mode of delivery, cord blood glucose concentration) characteristics, the newborns of smoking mothers had lower IGF-I concentrations (mean: 6.7 vs. 8.4 nmol/L, adjusted p = 0.006), and marginally higher proinsulin-to-insulin ratios (0.94 vs. 0.72, adjusted p = 0.06) than the newborns of non-smoking mothers. Cord plasma insulin, proinsulin, IGF-II, leptin and adiponectin concentrations and glucose-to-insulin ratios were similar in the newborns of smoking and non-smoking mothers. Conclusions Maternal smoking was associated with decreased fetal IGF-I levels, and borderline lower fetal β-cell function. Larger cohort studies are required to confirm the latter finding. The preliminary findings prompt the hypothesis that these early life metabolic changes may be involved in the impact of maternal smoking on future risk of metabolic syndrome related disorders in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Anissa Dejemli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Tie K, Zhang X, Tan Y, Deng Y, Li J, Ni Q, Wang H, Chen L. Intrauterine low-functional programming of IGF1 by prenatal nicotine exposure mediates the susceptibility to osteoarthritis in female adult rat offspring. FASEB J 2015; 30:785-97. [PMID: 26499267 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-274399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether female adult offspring born with intrauterine growth retardation induced by prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) are susceptible to osteoarthritis (OA) and to explore the underlying programming mechanisms. Pregnant rats were treated with nicotine or saline at 2.0 mg/kg/d from gestational d 11 to 20. The female adult offspring with or without PNE were forced with a strenuous treadmill running for 6 wk to induce OA. Nicotine's effects on fetal articular chondrocytes were studied by exposing chondrocytes to nicotine for 10 d, and dihydro-β-erythroidine, a selective α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor, was used to identify the change of nicotine's effect. For adult offspring, increased cartilage destruction and accelerated OA progression were observed in the PNE group with running; the expression of α1 chain of type II collagen (Col2A1), aggrecan, SRY-type high mobility group box 9 (Sox9), and IGF1 signaling molecules in the cartilage of PNE offspring were decreased. For fetuses, elevated serum corticosteroid and nicotine levels and suppressed IGF1 levels were observed; expression of Col2A1, aggrecan, Sox9, and IGF1 were reduced. The result of chondrocytes revealed that nicotine impeded the expression of Col2A1, aggrecan, and IGF1; blocking α4β2-nAChR rescued nicotine's suppression. In conclusion, PNE increases the susceptibility of adult offspring to OA; the potential mechanism involves IGF1 low-functional programming in articular cartilage caused directly by the action of nicotine on α4β2-nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tie
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Physiology and Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Physiology and Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Tan
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Physiology and Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Deng
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Physiology and Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Physiology and Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Qubo Ni
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Physiology and Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Physiology and Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Physiology and Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
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Ozturk F, Sheldon E, Sharma J, Canturk KM, Otu HH, Nawshad A. Nicotine Exposure During Pregnancy Results in Persistent Midline Epithelial Seam With Improper Palatal Fusion. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:604-12. [PMID: 26443016 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonsyndromic cleft palate is a common birth defect (1:700) with a complex etiology involving both genetic and environmental risk factors. Nicotine, a major teratogen present in tobacco products, was shown to cause alterations and delays in the developing fetus. METHODS To demonstrate the postpartum effects of nicotine on palatal development, we delivered three different doses of nicotine (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5mg/kg/d) and sterile saline (control) into pregnant BALB/c mice throughout their entire pregnancy using subcutaneous micro-osmotic pump. Dams were allowed to deliver (~day 21 of pregnancy) and neonatal assessments (weight, length, nicotine levels) were conducted, and palatal tissues were harvested for morphological and molecular analyses, as well as transcriptional profiling using microarrays. RESULTS Consistent administration of nicotine caused developmental retardation, still birth, low birth weight, and significant palatal size and shape abnormality and persistent midline epithelial seam in the pups. Through microarray analysis, we detected that 6232 genes were up-regulated and 6310 genes were down-regulated in nicotine-treated groups compared to the control. Moreover, 46% of the cleft palate-causing genes were found to be affected by nicotine exposure. Alterations of a subset of differentially expressed genes were illustrated with hierarchal clustering and a series of formal pathway analyses were performed using the bioinformatics tools. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that nicotine exposure during pregnancy interferes with normal growth and development of the fetus, as well results in persistent midline epithelial seam with type B and C patterns of palatal fusion. IMPLICATIONS Although there are several studies analyzing the genetic and environmental causes of palatal deformities, this study primarily shows the morphological and large-scale genomic outcomes of gestational nicotine exposure in neonatal mice palate.The previous version was incorrect. New authors Ali Nawshad, Hasan Otu, Janki Sharma, and Elizabeth Sheldon have been included in this version; the funding and acknowledgement sections have been updated accordingly; the article title, some text, and one supplementary data file have been edited; and the corresponding author has been changed. The original corresponding author regrets these earlier errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Ozturk
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canik Basari University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Elizabeth Sheldon
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE
| | - Janki Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE
| | - Kemal Murat Canturk
- Department of Biology, Ankara Branch of Council of Forensic Medicine of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan H Otu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Ali Nawshad
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE;
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Niu Z, Xie C, Wen X, Tian F, Ding P, He Y, Lin J, Yuan S, Guo X, Jia D, Chen WQ. Placenta mediates the association between maternal second-hand smoke exposure during pregnancy and small for gestational age. Placenta 2015; 36:876-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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El-Beltagy AEFBM, Abou-El-Naga AM, Sabry DM. Neurotoxicological effects of nicotine on the embryonic development of cerebellar cortex of chick embryo during various stages of incubation. Tissue Cell 2015; 47:506-14. [PMID: 26235253 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Long-acting nicotine is known to exert pathological effects on almost all tissues including the cerebellar cortex. The present work was designed to elucidate the effect of nicotine on the development of cerebellar cortex of chick embryo during incubation period. The fertilized eggs of hen (Gallus gallus domesticus) were injected into the air space by a single dose of long acting nicotine (1.6 mg/kg/egg) at the 4th day of incubation. The embryos were taken out of the eggs on days 8, 12 and 16 of incubation. The cerebellum of the control and treated embryos at above ages were processed for histopathological examination. The TEM were examined at 16th day of incubation. The results of the present study revealed that, exposure to long-acting nicotine markedly influence the histogenesis of cerebellar cortex of chick embryo during the incubation period. At 8th day of incubation, nicotine delayed the differentiation of the cerebellar analge; especially the external granular layer (EGL) and inner cortical layer (ICL). Furthermore, at 12th day of incubation, the cerebellar foliation was irregular and the Purkinje cells not recognized. By 16th day of incubation, the cerebellar foliations were irregular with interrupted cerebellar cortex and irregular arrangement of Purkinje cells. Immunohistochemical analysis for antibody P53 protein revealed that the cerebellar cortex in all stages of nicotine treated groups possessed a moderate to weak reaction for P53 protein however; this reaction was markedly stronger in the cerebellar cortex of control groups. Moreover, the flow cytometric analysis confirmed that the percentage of apoptosis in control group was significantly higher compared with that of nicotine treated group. At the TEM level, the cerebellar Purkinje cells of 16th day of treated groups showed multiple subcellular alterations in compared with those of the corresponding control group. Such changes represented by appearing of vacuolated mitochondria, cisternal fragmentation of RER, irregular grooves of Golgi tubules. Also, multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles and aggregation of Nissl granules were recorded around pyknotic nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dalia M Sabry
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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