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Mensah IK, Gowher H. Signaling Pathways Governing Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:798. [PMID: 38927734 PMCID: PMC11202427 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are the largest cell type that make up the heart and confer beating activity to the heart. The proper differentiation of cardiomyocytes relies on the efficient transmission and perception of differentiation cues from several signaling pathways that influence cardiomyocyte-specific gene expression programs. Signaling pathways also mediate intercellular communications to promote proper cardiomyocyte differentiation. We have reviewed the major signaling pathways involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation, including the BMP, Notch, sonic hedgehog, Hippo, and Wnt signaling pathways. Additionally, we highlight the differences between different cardiomyocyte cell lines and the use of these signaling pathways in the differentiation of cardiomyocytes from stem cells. Finally, we conclude by discussing open questions and current gaps in knowledge about the in vitro differentiation of cardiomyocytes and propose new avenues of research to fill those gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Humaira Gowher
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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2
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Li Z, Li M, Li D, Chen Y, Feng W, Zhao T, Yang L, Mao G, Wu X. A review of cumulative toxic effects of environmental endocrine disruptors on the zebrafish immune system: Characterization methods, toxic effects and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118010. [PMID: 38157964 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are a type of exogenous organic pollutants, are ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments. Currently, in addition to neurological, endocrine, developmental and reproductive toxicity, ecotoxicology studies on immunotoxicity are receiving increasing attention. In this review, the composition of immune system of zebrafish, the common indicators of immunotoxicity, the immunotoxicity of EDCs and their molecular mechanism were summarized. We reviewed the immunotoxicity of EDCs on zebrafish mainly in terms of immune organs, immunocytes, immune molecules and immune functions, meanwhile, the possible molecular mechanisms driving these effects were elucidated in terms of endocrine disruption, dysregulation of signaling pathways, and oxidative damage. Hopefully, this review will provide a reference for further investigation of the immunotoxicity of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Muge Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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3
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Zhao J, Zhao J. Maternal and zygotic ZFP57 regulate coronary vascular formation and myocardium maturation in mouse embryo. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:144-156. [PMID: 36004502 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic and epigenomic dynamics both play critical roles during embryogenesis. Zfp57 maintains genomic imprinting with both maternal and zygotic functions. In our previous study, we found that maternal and zygotic Zfp57 modulate NOTCH signaling during cardiac development. In this study, we investigated Zfp57 mutants from E11.5 to E13.5 to delineate its function during cardiac development. RESULTS Here, we describe novel roles of maternal and zygotic Zfp57 during cardiovascular system development. We found that maternal and zygotic Zfp57 was required for coronary vascular development. Maternal and zygotic loss of Zfp57 perturbed the sprouting of the sinus venosus-derived endothelial cells and led to underdeveloped coronary vasculature, meanwhile, there was an ectopic overproduction of blood islands over the ventricles. Furthermore, loss of Zfp57 and failed vasculature disturbed myocardium maturation. Loss of maternal and zygotic Zfp57 resulted in hyper trabeculation and failed myocardium compaction. Zfp57 zygotic mutant (M+ Z- ) hearts displayed noncompaction cardiomyopathy at E18.5. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that maternal and zygotic ZFP57 are essential for coronary vascular formation and myocardium maturation in mice. Our research provides evidence for the role of genomic imprinting during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzheng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjie Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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Shi L, Song H, Zhou B, Morrow BE. Crk/Crkl regulates early angiogenesis in mouse embryos by accelerating endothelial cell maturation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.12.548782. [PMID: 37503032 PMCID: PMC10369973 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic adaptors CRK and CRKL mediate multiple signaling pathways in mammalian embryogenesis. They are also associated with cardiovascular defects occurring in Miller-Dieker syndrome and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, respectively. The embryonic mesoderm contributes to the formation of the cardiovascular system, yet the roles that Crk and Crkl play there are not understood on a single cell level. Objectives To determine functions of Crk and Crkl in the embryonic mesoderm during early mouse vascular development. Secondly, we will examine the molecular mechanisms responsible for early embryonic endothelial cell (EC) defects by performing single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and in vivo validation experiments. Methods and Results Inactivation of both Crk and Crkl together using Mesp1 Cre resulted embryonic lethality with severe vascular defects. Although vasculogenesis appeared normal, angiogenesis was disrupted both in the yolk sac and embryo proper, leading to disorganized vascular networks. We performed scRNA-seq of the Mesp1 Cre mesodermal lineage and found that there was upregulation of a great number of angiogenesis and cell migration related genes in ECs in the mutants, including NOTCH signaling genes such as Dll4 and Hey1 . Further bioinformatic analysis of EC subpopulations identified a relative increase in the number of more differentiated angiogenic ECs and decrease in EC progenitors. Consistent with this, we identified an expansion of Dll4 expressing cells within abnormal arteries, in vivo . Also, our bioinformatic data indicates that there is dysregulated expression of lineage genes that promote EC differentiation causing accelerated cell fate progression during EC differentiation. Conclusions Our results show that Crk and Crkl are crucial for regulating early embryonic angiogenesis. Combined inactivation of Crk/Crkl caused precocious EC maturation with an increase of atypical differentiated angiogenic ECs and failed vascular remodeling. This is in part due to increased NOTCH signaling and altered expression of cell migration genes.
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5
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Iwamura R, Komatsu K, Kusano M, Kubo C, Inaba Y, Shiba E, Nawata A, Tajiri R, Matsuyama A, Matoba H, Koga K, Takeda M, Itami H, Hisaoka M. PDGFRB and NOTCH3 Mutations are Detectable in a Wider Range of Pericytic Tumors, Including Myopericytomas, Angioleiomyomas, Glomus Tumors, and Their Combined Tumors. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100070. [PMID: 36788105 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pericytic tumors are subclassified as myopericytomas, myofibromas, angioleiomyomas, and glomus tumors according to the current World Health Organization classification. These pericytic tumors form a continuous morphologic spectrum, including those with combined morphology. However, to our knowledge, no widely accepted criteria for classifying tumors with combined morphology are available. Recent studies have identified platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRB) gene mutations in a subset of myofibromas, myopericytomas, and myopericytomatoses but not in angioleiomyomas. NOTCH receptor 3 (NOTCH3) mutations have been reported in a subset of infantile myofibromatosis. To assess their potential role in classifying pericytic tumors, we investigated PDGFRB and NOTCH3 mutations in 41 pericytic tumors of variable morphology, including some combined forms. Our results show these mutations to be present in a variety of pericytic tumors, such as myopericytomas (PDGFRB, 3/11; NOTCH3, 4/11), myopericytomatoses (1/2; 1/2), myofibromas (3/6; 0/6), angioleiomyomas (2/13; 3/13), and glomus tumors (5/9; 1/9). Point mutations were identified in 3 tumors in PDGFRB exon 12 (Y562C, S574F, and G576S), 12 tumors in PDGFRB exon 14 (M655I, H657L, and N666K), and 9 tumors in NOTCH3 exon 25 (A1480S/T, D1481N, G1482S, T1490A, E1491K, G1494S, and V1512A). All PDGFRB mutations and NOTCH3 G1482S, T1490A, and G1494S mutations were classified as "deleterious/damaging" by ≥4 of 6 pathogenicity prediction tools in silico. Five-mutation-positive tumors, including 1 myopericytoma-angioleiomyoma, 2 myopericytomatoses-myofibroma, 1 myofibroma-myopericytoma and 1 angioleiomyoma-myopericytoma, were of combined morphology. Therefore, we found PDGFRB and NOTCH3 mutations to be detectable in a much wider variety of pericytic tumors than previously reported and confirmed myopericytomas, myofibromas, angioleiomyomas, and glomus tumors as members harboring PDGFRB or NOTCH3 mutations. Our results thus suggest that PDGFRB or NOTCH3 mutations are not useful for subclassifying members of the pericytic tumor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Iwamura
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Komatsu
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Midori Kusano
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Chisachi Kubo
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuna Inaba
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Eisuke Shiba
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Aya Nawata
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tajiri
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Atsuji Matsuyama
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Fukuoka Wajiro Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisanori Matoba
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Maiko Takeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroe Itami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan; Department of Pathology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masanori Hisaoka
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Zarekiani P, Nogueira Pinto H, Hol EM, Bugiani M, de Vries HE. The neurovascular unit in leukodystrophies: towards solving the puzzle. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:18. [PMID: 35227276 PMCID: PMC8887016 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a highly organized multicellular system localized in the brain, formed by neuronal, glial (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) and vascular (endothelial cells and pericytes) cells. The blood-brain barrier, a complex and dynamic endothelial cell barrier in the brain microvasculature that separates the blood from the brain parenchyma, is a component of the NVU. In a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke, dysfunctions of the NVU occurs. There is, however, a lack of knowledge regarding the NVU function in leukodystrophies, which are rare monogenic disorders that primarily affect the white matter. Since leukodystrophies are rare diseases, human brain tissue availability is scarce and representative animal models that significantly recapitulate the disease are difficult to develop. The introduction of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) now makes it possible to surpass these limitations while maintaining the ability to work in a biologically relevant human context and safeguarding the genetic background of the patient. This review aims to provide further insights into the NVU functioning in leukodystrophies, with a special focus on iPSC-derived models that can be used to dissect neurovascular pathophysiology in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parand Zarekiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrique Nogueira Pinto
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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7
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Sun Y, Qiu F, Hu C, Guo Y, Lei S. Hemangioma Endothelial Cells and Hemangioma Stem Cells in Infantile Hemangioma. Ann Plast Surg 2022; 88:244-249. [PMID: 35023872 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemangioma is one of the most common benign tumors in infants and young children. The 2 most important cells in the course of infantile hemangioma (IH) are hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs) and hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs). Infantile hemangioma is characterized by massive proliferation of HemECs, but current studies indicate that HemSCs play an important role in pathogenesis of IH. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to identify molecules that influence HemSC differentiation and HemEC proliferation and apoptosis to help clarify the pathogenesis of IH and provide novel drug targets for the treatment of IH. METHODS Relevant basic science studies related to IH were identified by searching Google Scholar, Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, and peer-reviewed journal articles. RESULT Hemangioma stem cells can differentiate into HemECs, pericytes, and adipocytes. In the proliferating phase of IH, HemSCs mainly differentiate into HemECs and pericytes to promote angiogenesis. In the regressive phase, they mainly differentiate into adipocytes. Therefore, increasing the proportion of HemSCs differentiating into adipocytes, inhibiting the proliferation of HemECs, and promoting the apoptosis of HemECs can facilitate the regression of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- From the Department of Plastic surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Muley A, Kim Uh M, Salazar-De Simone G, Swaminathan B, James JM, Murtomaki A, Youn SW, McCarron JD, Kitajewski C, Gnarra Buethe M, Riitano G, Mukouyama YS, Kitajewski J, Shawber CJ. Unique functions for Notch4 in murine embryonic lymphangiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:205-224. [PMID: 34665379 PMCID: PMC9054879 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In mice, embryonic dermal lymphatic development is well understood and used to study gene functions in lymphangiogenesis. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that modulates cell fate decisions, which has been shown to both inhibit and promote dermal lymphangiogenesis. Here, we demonstrate distinct roles for Notch4 signaling versus canonical Notch signaling in embryonic dermal lymphangiogenesis. Actively growing embryonic dermal lymphatics expressed NOTCH1, NOTCH4, and DLL4 which correlated with Notch activity. In lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), DLL4 activation of Notch induced a subset of Notch effectors and lymphatic genes, which were distinctly regulated by Notch1 and Notch4 activation. Treatment of LECs with VEGF-A or VEGF-C upregulated Dll4 transcripts and differentially and temporally regulated the expression of Notch1 and Hes/Hey genes. Mice nullizygous for Notch4 had an increase in the closure of the lymphangiogenic fronts which correlated with reduced vessel caliber in the maturing lymphatic plexus at E14.5 and reduced branching at E16.5. Activation of Notch4 suppressed LEC migration in a wounding assay significantly more than Notch1, suggesting a dominant role for Notch4 in regulating LEC migration. Unlike Notch4 nulls, inhibition of canonical Notch signaling by expressing a dominant negative form of MAML1 (DNMAML) in Prox1+ LECs led to increased lymphatic density consistent with an increase in LEC proliferation, described for the loss of LEC Notch1. Moreover, loss of Notch4 did not affect LEC canonical Notch signaling. Thus, we propose that Notch4 signaling and canonical Notch signaling have distinct functions in the coordination of embryonic dermal lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Muley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Minji Kim Uh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Bhairavi Swaminathan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jennifer M James
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Aino Murtomaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu, 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seock Won Youn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Joseph D McCarron
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chris Kitajewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria Gnarra Buethe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Gloria Riitano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Departments of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Carrie J Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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9
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Rajendran NK, Liu W, Chu CC, Cahill PA, Redmond EM. Moderate dose alcohol protects against serum amyloid protein A1-induced endothelial dysfunction via both notch-dependent and notch-independent pathways. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2217-2230. [PMID: 34585422 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial endothelium plays a critical role in maintaining vessel homeostasis and preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low-to-moderate alcohol (EtOH) consumption is associated with reduced atherosclerosis and stimulates Notch signaling in endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether EtOH protects the endothelium against serum amyloid A1 (SAA1)-induced activation/injury, and to determine whether this protection is exclusively Notch-dependent. METHODS AND RESULTS Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were stimulated or not with "pro-atherogenic" SAA1 (1 μM) in the absence or presence of EtOH (25 mM), the Notch ligand DLL4 (3 μg/ml), or the Notch inhibitor DAPT (20 μM). EtOH stimulated Notch signaling in HCAEC, as evidenced by increased expression of the Notch receptor and hrt target genes. Treatment with EtOH alone or stimulation of Notch signaling by DLL4 increased eNOS activity and enhanced HCAEC barrier function as assessed by trans-endothelial electrical resistance. Moreover, EtOH and DLL4 both inhibited SAA1-induced monolayer leakiness, cell adhesion molecule (ICAM, VCAM) expression, and monocyte adhesion. The effects of EtOH were Notch-dependent, as they were blocked with DAPT and by Notch receptor (N1, N4) knockdown. In contrast, EtOH's inhibition of SAA1-induced inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was Notch-independent, as these effects were unaffected by DAPT or by N1 and/or N4 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS EtOH at moderate levels protects against SAA1-induced endothelial activation via both Notch-dependent and Notch-independent mechanisms. EtOH's maintenance of endothelium in a nonactivated state would be expected to preserve vessel homeostasis and protect against atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh K Rajendran
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Charles C Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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10
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Huang Y, Qian JY, Cheng H, Li XM. Effects of shear stress on differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:894-913. [PMID: 34367483 PMCID: PMC8316872 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is an appealing potential therapy for vascular diseases and an indispensable key step in vascular tissue engineering. Substantial effort has been made to differentiate stem cells toward vascular cell phenotypes, including endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells. The microenvironment of vascular cells not only contains biochemical factors that influence differentiation but also exerts hemodynamic forces, such as shear stress and cyclic strain. More recently, studies have shown that shear stress can influence the differentiation of stem cells toward ECs. A deep understanding of the responses and underlying mechanisms involved in this process is essential for clinical translation. This review highlights current data supporting the role of shear stress in stem cell differentiation into ECs. Potential mechanisms and signaling cascades for transducing shear stress into a biological signal are proposed. Further study of stem cell responses to shear stress will be necessary to apply stem cells for pharmacological applications and cardiovascular implants in the realm of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia-Yi Qian
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
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11
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Perlman BE, Merriam AA, Lemenze A, Zhao Q, Begum S, Nair M, Wu T, Wapner RJ, Kitajewski JK, Shawber CJ, Douglas NC. Implications for preeclampsia: hypoxia-induced Notch promotes trophoblast migration. Reproduction 2021; 161:681-696. [PMID: 33784241 PMCID: PMC8403268 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the first trimester of human pregnancy, low oxygen tension or hypoxia is essential for proper placentation and placenta function. Low oxygen levels and activation of signaling pathways have been implicated as critical mediators in the promotion of trophoblast differentiation, migration, and invasion with inappropriate changes in oxygen tension and aberrant Notch signaling both individually reported as causative to abnormal placentation. Despite crosstalk between hypoxia and Notch signaling in multiple cell types, the relationship between hypoxia and Notch in first trimester trophoblast function is not understood. To determine how a low oxygen environment impacts Notch signaling and cellular motility, we utilized the human first trimester trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo. Gene set enrichment and ontology analyses identified pathways involved in angiogenesis, Notch and cellular migration as upregulated in HTR-8/SVneo cells exposed to hypoxic conditions. DAPT, a γ-secretase inhibitor that inhibits Notch activation, was used to interrogate the crosstalk between Notch and hypoxia pathways in HTR-8/SVneo cells. We found that hypoxia requires Notch activation to mediate HTR-8/SVneo cell migration, but not invasion. To determine if our in vitro findings were associated with preeclampsia, we analyzed the second trimester chorionic villous sampling (CVS) samples and third trimester placentas. We found a significant decrease in expression of migration and invasion genes in CVS from preeclamptic pregnancies and significantly lower levels of JAG1 in placentas from pregnancies with early-onset preeclampsia with severe features. Our data support a role for Notch in mediating hypoxia-induced trophoblast migration, which may contribute to preeclampsia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry E Perlman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Audrey A. Merriam
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander Lemenze
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Qingshi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Salma Begum
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mohan Nair
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tracy Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ronald J. Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan K. Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carrie J. Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nataki C. Douglas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
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12
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Geng F, Ma J, Li X, Hu Z, Zhang R. Hemodynamic Forces Regulate Cardiac Regeneration-Responsive Enhancer Activity during Ventricle Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083945. [PMID: 33920448 PMCID: PMC8070559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regenerative capacity varies widely among vertebrates. Zebrafish can robustly regenerate injured hearts and are excellent models to study the mechanisms of heart regeneration. Recent studies have shown that enhancers are able to respond to injury and regulate the regeneration process. However, the mechanisms to activate these regeneration-responsive enhancers (RREs) remain poorly understood. Here, we utilized transient and transgenic analysis combined with a larval zebrafish ventricle ablation model to explore the activation and regulation of a representative RRE. lepb-linked enhancer sequence (LEN) directed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in response to larval ventricle regeneration and such activation was attenuated by hemodynamic force alteration and mechanosensation pathway modulation. Further analysis revealed that Notch signaling influenced the endocardial LEN activity as well as endogenous lepb expression. Altogether, our work has established zebrafish models for rapid characterization of cardiac RREs in vivo and provides novel insights on the regulation of LEN by hemodynamic forces and other signaling pathways during heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.G.); (J.M.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jinmin Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.G.); (J.M.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Xueyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.G.); (J.M.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhengyue Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (F.G.); (J.M.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Abdullah NA, Md Hashim NF, Ammar A, Muhamad Zakuan N. An Insight into the Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Metastatic Effects of Oridonin: Current Knowledge and Future Potential. Molecules 2021; 26:775. [PMID: 33546106 PMCID: PMC7913218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a mortality rate of more than 9 million deaths reported in 2018. Conventional anti-cancer therapy can greatly improve survival however treatment resistance is still a major problem especially in metastatic disease. Targeted anti-cancer therapy is increasingly used with conventional therapy to improve patients' outcomes in advanced and metastatic tumors. However, due to the complexity of cancer biology and metastasis, it is urgent to develop new agents and evaluate the anti-cancer efficacy of available treatments. Many phytochemicals from medicinal plants have been reported to possess anti-cancer properties. One such compound is known as oridonin, a bioactive component of Rabdosia rubescens. Several studies have demonstrated that oridonin inhibits angiogenesis in various types of cancer, including breast, pancreatic, lung, colon and skin cancer. Oridonin's anti-cancer effects are mediated through the modulation of several signaling pathways which include upregulation of oncogenes and pro-angiogenic growth factors. Furthermore, oridonin also inhibits cell migration, invasion and metastasis via suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and blocking downstream signaling targets in the cancer metastasis process. This review summarizes the recent applications of oridonin as an anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic drug both in vitro and in vivo, and its potential mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Akmaryanti Abdullah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Fariesha Md Hashim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Aula Ammar
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow City G61 1BD, UK;
| | - Noraina Muhamad Zakuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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14
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Papadopoulou AA, Fluhrer R. Signaling Functions of Intramembrane Aspartyl-Proteases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:591787. [PMID: 33381526 PMCID: PMC7768045 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.591787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane proteolysis is more than a mechanism to "clean" the membranes from proteins no longer needed. By non-reversibly modifying transmembrane proteins, intramembrane cleaving proteases hold key roles in multiple signaling pathways and often distinguish physiological from pathological conditions. Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and signal peptide peptidase-like proteases (SPPLs) recently have been associated with multiple functions in the field of signal transduction. SPP/SPPLs together with presenilins (PSs) are the only two families of intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases known in mammals. PS1 or PS2 comprise the catalytic center of the γ-secretase complex, which is well-studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease. The mammalian SPP/SPPL family of intramembrane cleaving proteases consists of five members: SPP and its homologous proteins SPPL2a, SPPL2b, SPPL2c, and SPPL3. Although these proteases were discovered due to their homology to PSs, it became evident in the past two decades that no physiological functions are shared between these two families. Based on studies in cell culture models various substrates of SPP/SPPL proteases have been identified in the past years and recently-developed mouse lines lacking individual members of this protease family, will help to further clarify the physiological functions of these proteases. In this review we concentrate on signaling roles of mammalian intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases. In particular, we will highlight the signaling roles of PS via its substrates NOTCH, VEGF, and others, mainly focusing on its involvement in vasculature. Delineating also signaling pathways that are affected and/or controlled by SPP/SPPL proteases. From SPP's participation in tumor progression and survival, to SPPL3's regulation of protein glycosylation and SPPL2c's control over cellular calcium stores, various crossovers between proteolytic activity of intramembrane proteases and cell signaling will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkmini A. Papadopoulou
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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15
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Tezuka-Kagajo M, Maekawa M, Ogawa A, Hatta Y, Ishii E, Eguchi M, Higashiyama S. Development of Human CBF1-Targeting Single-Stranded DNA Aptamers with Antiangiogenic Activity In Vitro. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 30:365-378. [DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tezuka-Kagajo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Masashi Maekawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogawa
- Division of Biomolecular Engineering, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Hatta
- Division of Biomolecular Engineering, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Mariko Eguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
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16
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Endothelial Jagged1 Antagonizes Dll4/Notch Signaling in Decidual Angiogenesis during Early Mouse Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186477. [PMID: 32899448 PMCID: PMC7554752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal spiral arteries and newly formed decidual capillaries support embryonic development prior to placentation. Previous studies demonstrated that Notch signaling is active in endothelial cells of both decidual capillaries and spiral arteries, however the role of Notch signaling in physiologic decidual angiogenesis and maintenance of the decidual vasculature in early mouse pregnancy has not yet been fully elucidated. We used the Cdh5-CreERT2;Jagged1(Jag1)flox/flox (Jag1∆EC) mouse model to delete Notch ligand, Jag1, in maternal endothelial cells during post-implantation, pre-placentation mouse pregnancy. Loss of endothelial Jag1 leads to increased expression of Notch effectors, Hey2 and Nrarp, and increased endothelial Notch signaling activity in areas of the decidua with remodeling angiogenesis. This correlated with an increase in Dll4 expression in capillary endothelial cells, but not spiral artery endothelial cells. Consistent with increased Dll4/Notch signaling, we observed decreased VEGFR2 expression and endothelial cell proliferation in angiogenic decidual capillaries. Despite aberrant Dll4 expression and Notch activation in Jag1∆EC mutants, pregnancies were maintained and the decidual vasculature was not altered up to embryonic day 7.5. Thus, Jag1 functions in the newly formed decidual capillaries as an antagonist of endothelial Dll4/Notch signaling during angiogenesis, but Jag1 signaling is not necessary for early uterine angiogenesis.
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17
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Hamard L, Santoro T, Allagnat F, Meda P, Nardelli-Haefliger D, Alonso F, Haefliger JA. Targeting connexin37 alters angiogenesis and arteriovenous differentiation in the developing mouse retina. FASEB J 2020; 34:8234-8249. [PMID: 32323401 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000257r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Connexin37 (Cx37) forms intercellular channels between endothelial cells (EC), and contributes to coordinate the motor tone of vessels. We investigated the contribution of this protein during physiological angiogenesis. We show that, compared to WT littermates, mice lacking Cx37 (Cx37-/- ) featured (i) a decreased extension of the superficial vascular plexus during the first 4 days after birth; (ii) an increased vascular density at the angiogenic front at P6, due to an increase in the proliferative rate of EC and in the sprouting of the venous compartment, as well as to a somewhat displaced position of tip cells; (iii) a decreased coverage of newly formed arteries and veins by mural cells; (iv) altered ERK-dependent endothelial cells proliferation through the EphB4 signaling pathway, which is involved in the specification of veins and arteries. In vitro studies documented that, in the absence of Cx37, human venous EC (HUVEC) released less platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and more Angiopoietin-2, two molecules involved in the recruitment of mural cells. Treatment of mice with DAPT, an inhibitor of the Notch pathway, decreased the expression of Cx37, and partially mimicked in WT retinas, the alterations observed in Cx37-/- mice. Thus, Cx37 contributes to (i) the early angiogenesis of retina, by interacting with the Notch pathway; (ii) the growth and maturation of neo-vessels, by modulating tip, stalk, and mural cells; (iii) the regulation of arteriovenous specification, thus, representing a novel target for treatments of retina diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Hamard
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tania Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Alonso
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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18
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Xue Y, Sun R, Zheng W, Yang L, An R. Forskolin promotes vasculogenic mimicry and invasion via Notch‑1‑activated epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in syncytiolization of trophoblast cells in choriocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1129-1139. [PMID: 32319581 PMCID: PMC7115352 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Choriocarcinoma (CC) is characterized by earlier blood metastasis compared with other female genital tumors and a high incidence of massive hemorrhage. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is highly associated with metastasis, and syncytiotrophoblast is involved in the formation of VM in CC. Forskolin is a typical activator of the cAMP pathway, which is involved in the syncytiolization of trophoblastic cells. In the present study, to determine the effects and mechanism of forskolin on cell invasion and VM during syncytiolization in vitro and in vivo, JEG-3 and JAR cell lines were treated with 100 µM forskolin for 48 h, and wound healing and invasion assays were used to verify cell migratory and invasive capacities. A 3D culture and tube formation assays were established to detect VM. Variation of morphology and markers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were assessed, and the role of the Notch signaling pathway was investigated in CC cells treated with forskolin. The results of the present study demonstrated that 100 µM forskolin induced syncytiolization of trophoblastic cells and enhanced the migratory and invasive abilities of JEG-3 and JAR cell lines. In addition, the capacity of VM was significantly increased, whereas tube formation ability was decreased by forskolin in vitro and in vivo compared with the respective control groups. The cellular morphology exhibited EMT during the syncytiolization process, which was further supported by the changes in EMT marker expression, including downregulation of E-cadherin and cytokeratin and upregulation of N-cadherin, vimentin and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1. The Notch-1 signaling pathway was activated to induce EMT in forskolin-induced VM process in CC cells, and VM and EMT could be reversed by using the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT to block the Notch-1 pathway. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrated that forskolin enhanced the capacity of VM formation and metastasis through Notch-1-activated EMT in the syncytiolization of trophoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Rong Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ruifang An
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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19
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Cho SJ, Yun SM, Jo C, Jeong J, Park MH, Han C, Koh YH. Altered expression of Notch1 in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224941. [PMID: 31770379 PMCID: PMC6879159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that regulates cell-cell interactions through binding of Notch family receptors to their cognate ligands. Notch signaling has an essential role in vascular development and angiogenesis. Recent studies have reported that Notch may be implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. We measured the levels of soluble Notch1 (sNotch1) in the plasma samples from 72 dementia patients (average age 75.1 y), 89 subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (average age 73.72 y), and 150 cognitively normal controls (average age 72.34 y). Plasma levels of sNotch1 were 25.27% lower in dementia patients as compared to healthy control subjects. However, the level of Notch1 protein was significantly increased in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) after amyloid-beta treatment. Also, Notch1 mRNA level was significantly increased in HBMECs and iPSC-derived neuronal cells from AD patient compared to normal control. These results indicate that altered expression of Notch1 might be associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Jung Cho
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Moon Yun
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulman Jo
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Jeong
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Ho Park
- Departments of Neurology, Korea University Medical College, Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsu Han
- Departments of Psychiatry, Korea University Medical College, Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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20
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Riddiough GE, Fifis T, Muralidharan V, Perini MV, Christophi C. Searching for the link; mechanisms underlying liver regeneration and recurrence of colorectal liver metastasis post partial hepatectomy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:1276-1286. [PMID: 30828863 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite excellent treatment of primary colorectal cancer, the majority of deaths occur as a result of metastasis to the liver. Recent population studies have estimated that one quarter of patients with colorectal cancer will incur synchronous or metachronous colorectal liver metastasis. However, only one quarter of these patients will be eligible for potentially curative resection. Tumor recurrence occurs in reportedly 60% of patients undergoing hepatic resection, and the majority of intrahepatic recurrence occurs within the first 6 months of surgery. The livers innate ability to restore its homeostatic size, and volume facilitates major hepatic resection that currently offers the only chance of cure to patients with extensive hepatic metastases. Experimental and clinical evidence supports the notion that following partial hepatectomy, liver regeneration (LR) paradoxically drives tumor progression and increases the risk of recurrence. It is becoming increasingly clear that the processes that drive liver organogenesis, regeneration, and tumor progression are inextricably linked. This presents a major hurdle in the management of colorectal liver metastasis and other hepatic malignancies because therapies that reduce the risk of recurrence without hampering LR are sought. The processes and pathways underlying these phenomena are multiple, complex, and cross-communicate. In this review, we will summarize the common mechanisms contributing to both LR and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E Riddiough
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Theodora Fifis
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Marcos V Perini
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Christophi
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Shawber CJ, Brown-Grant DA, Wu T, Kitajewski JK, Douglas NC. Dominant-negative inhibition of canonical Notch signaling in trophoblast cells does not disrupt placenta formation. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.037721. [PMID: 30971411 PMCID: PMC6504009 DOI: 10.1242/bio.037721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper development and function of the mammalian placenta requires interactions between embryo-derived trophoblasts and uterine endothelial cells to form mosaic vessels that facilitate blood flow to a developing conceptus. Notch signaling utilizes a cell–cell contact dependent mechanism to drive cell behaviors, such as differentiation and invasion. In mice, Notch2 is needed for proper placentation and embryo survival. We used transgenic mice with a dominant-negative form of Mastermind-like1 and Cyp19-Cre and Tpbpa-Cre drivers to inhibit canonical Notch signaling in trophoblasts. Both Cre drivers resulted in robust placental expression of dominant-negative Mastermind-like1. All pregnancies progressed beyond mid-gestation and morphological analyses of placentas revealed no differences between mutants and controls. Our data suggest that mouse placentation occurs normally despite dominant negative inhibition of trophoblast canonical Notch signaling and that Notch2 signaling via the canonical pathway is not necessary for placentation. Summary: Using transgenic mice with a dominant-negative form of Mastermind-like1 and Cyp19-Cre and Tpbpa-Cre drivers, we found that dominant negative inhibition of canonical Notch signaling in trophoblast cells does not disrupt placenta formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dex-Ann Brown-Grant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tracy Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jan K Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nataki C Douglas
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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22
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Davis RB, Pahl K, Datto NC, Smith SV, Shawber C, Caron KM, Blatt J. Notch signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for extracranial vascular malformations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17987. [PMID: 30573741 PMCID: PMC6302123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch expression has been shown to be aberrant in brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM), and targeting Notch has been suggested as an approach to their treatment. It is unclear whether extracranial vascular malformations follow the same patterning and Notch pathway defects. In this study, we examined human extracranial venous (VM) (n = 3), lymphatic (LM) (n = 10), and AV (n = 6) malformations, as well as sporadic brain AVMs (n = 3). In addition to showing that extracranial AVMs demonstrate interrupted elastin and that AVMs and LMs demonstrate abnormal α-smooth muscle actin just as brain AVMS do, our results demonstrate that NOTCH1, 2, 3 and 4 proteins are overexpressed to varying degrees in both the endothelial and mural lining of the malformed vessels in all types of malformations. We further show that two gamma secretase inhibitors (GSIs), DAPT (GSI-IX) and RO4929097, cause dose-dependent inhibition of Notch target gene expression (Hey1) and rate of migration of monolayer cultures of lymphatic endothelial cells (hLECs) and blood endothelial cells (HUVEC). GSIs also inhibit HUVEC network formation. hLECs are more sensitive to GSIs compared to HUVEC. GSIs have been found to be safe in clinical trials in patients with Alzheimer’s disease or cancer. Our results provide further rationale to support testing of Notch inhibitors in patients with extracranial vascular malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema B Davis
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristy Pahl
- Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas C Datto
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott V Smith
- Surgical Pathology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Translational Pathology Laboratory), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carrie Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie Blatt
- Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Zhang Q, Zhou J, Lei H, Zhu CY, Li FF, Zheng D, Liu SL. RBPJ polymorphisms associated with cerebral infarction diseases in Chinese Han population: A Clinical Trial/Experimental Study (CONSORT Compliant). Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11420. [PMID: 30075508 PMCID: PMC6081149 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIAL DESIGN Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) are a group of brain pathological processes involving cerebral small arteries, brain venules, and capillaries. The recombination signal-binding protein Jκ (RBPJ) is implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases but its actual roles need confirmation. The aim of this work was to evaluate variations in RBPJ gene for their possible associations with the disease. METHODS The RBPJ gene was sequenced for 400 patients with cerebral infarction disease and 600 normal controls. The statistical analyses and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests of the patients and control populations were conducted using the SPSS software (version 19.0) and Plink (version 1.9), Haploview software, and online software SNPSpD. RESULTS We characterized variants rs2871198, rs1397731, rs3822223, rs2077777, rs2270226, and rs2788861 within or near the RBPJ gene. The genetic heterozygosity of rs2871198, rs1397731, rs3822223, rs2077777, and rs2270226 was very high. Statistical analysis showed that the variants rs2270226 and rs2077777 in the gene were associated with the risk of cerebral infarction diseases in the Chinese Han population. CONCLUSIONS rs2270226 and rs2077777 in the RBPJ gene were associated with the risk of cerebral infarction diseases in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University
- Department of Antibiotics, Heilongjiang Institute for Food and Drug Control
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin
| | - Jie Zhou
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang
| | - Hong Lei
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang
| | - Chun-Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Fei-Feng Li
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang
| | - Dong Zheng
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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The Role of Dll4/Notch Signaling in Normal and Pathological Ocular Angiogenesis: Dll4 Controls Blood Vessel Sprouting and Vessel Remodeling in Normal and Pathological Conditions. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:3565292. [PMID: 30116629 PMCID: PMC6079472 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3565292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retina is the highest oxygen-demanding and vascularized tissue in the body. Retinal development and function require proper vascularization and blood vessel function and integrity. Dll4 is most prominently expressed in the endothelium of angiogenic blood vessels and in quiescent arteries and capillaries in all tissues and organs of the mammalian species, and it is the key regulator of blood vessel sprouting. Results Dll4 is a transmembrane protein that acts as a ligand for Notch receptors 1 and 4. Genetic deletion of Dll4 causes severe abnormalities in embryonic and postnatal vascular development. Deletion of even a single Dll4 allele results in almost complete embryonic lethality due to severe vascular abnormalities, the phenomenon called haploinsufficiency indicating the critical role of Dll4/Notch in vascular development. Dll4/Notch pathway interplays at multiple levels with other signaling pathways including VEGF, Wnt/Fzd, and genes controlling vascular toning. Multiple studies of the effects of Dll4 inhibition were performed in the developing retina to elucidate the key functions of Dll4 in normal and pathological angiogenesis. Several genetic approaches and therapeutic molecules were tested to evaluate the biological and therapeutic effects of acute and prolonged Dll4 inhibition in the eye and oncology. Conclusions All current studies demonstrated that Dll4 controls blood vessel sprouting, growth, and remodeling in normal and pathological conditions as well as arterial-venous differentiation. Genetic and therapeutic Dll4 modulation studies show that Dll4 inhibition can promote blood vessel sprouting and might be useful to stimulate vessel growth in the ischemic retina and Dll4 is the key modulator of the postangiogenic vascular remodeling that ultimately defines vascular patterning.
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Gatti JR, Zhang X, Korcari E, Lee SJ, Greenstone N, Dean JG, Maripudi S, Wang MM. Redistribution of Mature Smooth Muscle Markers in Brain Arteries in Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:10.1007/s12975-018-0643-x. [PMID: 29931596 PMCID: PMC6309602 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) undergo a series of dramatic changes in CADASIL, the most common inherited cause of vascular dementia and stroke. NOTCH3 protein accumulates and aggregates early in CADASIL, followed by loss of mature SMCs from the media of brain arteries and marked intimal proliferation. Similar intimal thickening is seen in peripheral arterial disease, which features pathological intimal cells including proliferative, dedifferentiated, smooth muscle-like cells deficient in SMC markers. Limited studies have been performed to investigate the differentiation state and location of SMCs in brain vascular disorders. Thus, we investigated the distribution of cells expressing SMC markers in a group of genetically characterized, North American CADASIL brains. We quantified brain RNA abundance of these markers in nine genetically verified cases of CADASIL and found that mRNA expression for several mature SMC markers was increased in CADASIL brain compared to age-matched control. Immunohistochemical studies and in situ hybridization localization of mRNA demonstrated loss of SMCs from the arterial media, and SMC marker-expressing cells were instead redistributed into the intima of diseased arteries and around balloon cells of the degenerating media. We conclude that, despite loss of medial smooth muscle cells in diseased arteries, smooth muscle markers are not lost from CADASIL brain, but rather, the localization of cells expressing mature SMC markers changes dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Gatti
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Ejona Korcari
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Nya Greenstone
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Jon G Dean
- Department Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7625 Medical Science Building II Box 5622, 1137 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Snehaa Maripudi
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Michael M Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA.
- Department Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7625 Medical Science Building II Box 5622, 1137 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA.
- Neurology Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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26
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Thomas JM, Surendran S, Abraham M, Sasankan D, Bhaadri S, Rajavelu A, Kartha CC. Gene expression analysis of nidus of cerebral arteriovenous malformations reveals vascular structures with deficient differentiation and maturation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198617. [PMID: 29897969 PMCID: PMC5999265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are characterised by tangles of dysplastic blood vessels which shunt blood from arteries to veins with no intervening capillary bed. It is not known at what stage of development and differentiation, AVM vessels became aberrant. To address this, we have analysed the expression of vascular differentiation, vascular maturation and brain capillary specific genes in AVM nidus. Methodology We performed immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis of vascular differentiation (HEY2, DLL4, EFNB2, and COUP-TFII), vascular maturation (ENG and KLF2) and brain capillary specific genes (GGTP and GLUT1) on ten surgically excised human brain AVMs and ten normal human brain tissues. Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that AVM vessels co-express both artery and vein differentiation genes. H-score analysis revealed that there is statistically significant (P < 0.0001) increase in expression of these proteins in AVM vessels compared to control vessels. These findings were further confirmed by western blot analysis and found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001) for all proteins except Hey2. Both immunostaining and western blot analysis revealed that AVM vessels express GGTP and GLUT1, markers specific to brain capillaries. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that expression of KLF2, a vascular maturation marker is significantly (P <0.001) decreased in AVM vessels and was further confirmed by western blot analysis (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical and western blot analysis demonstrated that another vascular maturation protein Endoglin had high expression in AVM vessels compared to control vessels. The results were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Summary Our findings suggest that vascular structures of AVMs co-express markers specific for arteries, veins and capillaries. We conclude that AVM nidus constitutes of aberrant vessels which are not terminally differentiated and inadequately matured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Mary Thomas
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumi Surendran
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Mathew Abraham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Dhakshmi Sasankan
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sridutt Bhaadri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Arumugam Rajavelu
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Tropical Disease Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- * E-mail: (AR); (CCK)
| | - Chandrasekharan C. Kartha
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- * E-mail: (AR); (CCK)
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27
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Spatial patterning of the Notch ligand Dll4 controls endothelial sprouting in vitro. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6392. [PMID: 29686270 PMCID: PMC5913301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a vital process for tissue growth and development. The Notch cell-cell signalling pathway plays an important role in endothelial cell specification during angiogenesis. Dll4 - Notch1 signalling directs endothelial cells into migrating tip or proliferating stalk cells. We used the directing properties of Dll4 to spatially control endothelial cell fate and the direction of endothelial sprouts. We created linear arrays of immobilized Dll4 using micro contact printing. HUVECs were seeded perpendicular to these Dll4 patterns using removable microfluidic channels. The Notch activating properties of surface immobilized Dll4 were confirmed by qPCR. After induction of sprouting, microscopic images of fluorescently labelled endothelial sprouts were analysed to determine the direction and the efficiency of controlled sprouting (Ecs). Directionality analysis of the sprouts showed the Dll4 pattern changes sprout direction from random to unidirectional. This was confirmed by the increase of Ecs from 54.5 ± 3.1% for the control, to an average of 84.7 ± 1.86% on the Dll4 patterned surfaces. Our data demonstrates a surface-based method to spatially pattern Dll4 to gain control over endothelial sprout location and direction. This suggests that spatial ligand patterning can be used to provide control over (neo) vascularization.
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28
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D'Souza SS, Kumar A, Slukvin II. Functional Heterogeneity of Endothelial Cells Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:524-533. [PMID: 29583085 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Specification of endothelial cells (ECs) into arterial, venous, and lymphatic cells is a crucial process of vascular development, and expanding our knowledge about EC specification from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) will aid the design of optimal strategies for producing desired types of ECs for therapies. In our prior studies, we revealed that hPSC-derived VE-cadherin(V)+CD31+CD34+ ECs are heterogeneous and include at least three major subsets with distinct hemogenic properties: V+CD43/235a-CD73- hemogenic endothelial progenitors (HEPs), V+CD43loCD235a+73- angiogenic hematopoietic progenitors (AHPs), and V+CD43/235a-73+ non-HEPs. In this study, using angiogenesis assays, we demonstrated that ECs within these subsets have distinct endothelial colony- and tube-forming properties, proliferative and migratory properties, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase and inflammatory cytokine production potentials. Culture of isolated subsets in arterial, venous, and lymphatic conditions revealed that AHPs are skewed toward lymphatic, HEPs toward arterial, and non-HEPs toward venous differentiation in vitro. These findings suggest that selection and enhancement of production of a particular EC subset may aid in generating desirable EC populations with arterial, venous, or lymphatic properties from hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha S D'Souza
- 1 Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- 1 Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- 1 Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin.,2 Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin.,3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School , Madison, Wisconsin
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29
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Zhao Y, Qiao X, Tan TK, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhang J, Wang L, Cao Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang YM, Lee VWS, Alexander SI, Harris DCH, Zheng G. Matrix metalloproteinase 9-dependent Notch signaling contributes to kidney fibrosis through peritubular endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:781-791. [PMID: 27566305 PMCID: PMC5427520 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial cells are known to contribute to kidney fibrosis via endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is known to be profibrotic. However, whether MMP-9 contributes to kidney fibrosis via EndoMT is unknown. Methods: Primary mouse renal peritubular endothelial cells (MRPECs) were isolated and treated by recombinant human transforming growth factor beta 1 (rhTGF-β1) with or without MMP-9 inhibitor or by recombinant human MMP-9 (rhMMP-9) alone. Kidney fibrosis was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in MMP-9 knockout (KO) and wide-type (WT) control mice. The effects of MMP-9 on EndoMT of MRPECs and kidney fibrosis were examined. Results: We showed that MRPECs underwent EndoMT after rhTGF-β1 treatment or in UUO kidney as evidenced by decreased expression of endothelial markers, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and CD31, and increased levels of mesenchymal markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin. The expression of fibrosis markers was also up-regulated significantly after rhTGF-β1 treatment in MRPECs. The EndoMT and fibrosis markers were significantly less in rhTGF-β1-treated MMP-9 KO MRPECs, whereas MMP-9 alone was sufficient to induce EndoMT in MRPECs. UUO kidney of MMP-9 KO mice showed significantly less interstitial fibrosis and EndoMT in MRPECs. Notch signaling shown by Notch intracellular domain (NICD) was increased, while Notch-1 was decreased in rhTGF-β1-treated MRPECs of MMP-9 WT but not MMP-9 KO mice. Inhibition of MMP-9 or Notch signaling prevented rhTGF-β1- or rhMMP-9-induced α-SMA and NICD upregulation in MRPECs. UUO kidney of MMP-9 KO mice had less staining of Notch signaling transcription factor Hey-1 in VE-cadherin-positive MRPECs than WT controls. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that MMP-9-dependent Notch signaling plays an important role in kidney fibrosis through EndoMT of MRPECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Thian Kui Tan
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hong Zhao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Experimental Centre of Science and Research, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Experimental Centre of Science and Research, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ya Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent W S Lee
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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30
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Duran CL, Howell DW, Dave JM, Smith RL, Torrie ME, Essner JJ, Bayless KJ. Molecular Regulation of Sprouting Angiogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:153-235. [PMID: 29357127 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term angiogenesis arose in the 18th century. Several studies over the next 100 years laid the groundwork for initial studies performed by the Folkman laboratory, which were at first met with some opposition. Once overcome, the angiogenesis field has flourished due to studies on tumor angiogenesis and various developmental models that can be genetically manipulated, including mice and zebrafish. In addition, new discoveries have been aided by the ability to isolate primary endothelial cells, which has allowed dissection of various steps within angiogenesis. This review will summarize the molecular events that control angiogenesis downstream of biochemical factors such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and lipids. These and other stimuli have been linked to regulation of junctional molecules and cell surface receptors. In addition, the contribution of cytoskeletal elements and regulatory proteins has revealed an intricate role for mobilization of actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in response to cues that activate the endothelium. Activating stimuli also affect various focal adhesion proteins, scaffold proteins, intracellular kinases, and second messengers. Finally, metalloproteinases, which facilitate matrix degradation and the formation of new blood vessels, are discussed, along with our knowledge of crosstalk between the various subclasses of these molecules throughout the text. Compr Physiol 8:153-235, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie E Torrie
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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31
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Sakaue T, Maekawa M, Nakayama H, Higashiyama S. Prospect of divergent roles for the CUL3 system in vascular endothelial cell function and angiogenesis. J Biochem 2017; 162:237-245. [PMID: 28981750 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue remodelling and regeneration in various pathophysiological conditions (e.g. the processes of development, pregnancy, inflammation, wound healing, tissue regeneration, tumor growth, etc.) require angiogenesis, a dynamically coordinated response to stimuli from the extracellular microenvironment. During angiogenic and angiostatic responses, endothelial cells play a central role in the blood vessel formation and regression. Angiostatic responses, which are evoked by crucial factors such as VEGF and DLL4, have been elucidated. However, it has not been revealed, how endothelial cells process these conflicting signals. The study of VEGFR-Notch cross-signalling provided some clues. We discuss here the potential roles of cullin 3-based ubiquitin E3 ligases as key players in the process of various signals in endothelial cell function and angiogenesis. Our recent findings show that they function as units to process conflicting signalling crosstalk, epigenetic regulation of key factors, and functional barrier maintenance. We also expect more divergent roles of cullin 3-based ubiquitin E3 ligases in endothelial cell function and angiogenesis, and for their potential use as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Sakaue
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Shitsukawa, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masashi Maekawa
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Shitsukawa, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hironao Nakayama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Shitsukawa, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Shitsukawa, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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32
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Rossi E, Smadja D, Goyard C, Cras A, Dizier B, Bacha N, Lokajczyk A, Guerin CL, Gendron N, Planquette B, Mignon V, Bernabéu C, Sanchez O, Smadja DM. Co-injection of mesenchymal stem cells with endothelial progenitor cells accelerates muscle recovery in hind limb ischemia through an endoglin-dependent mechanism. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1908-1918. [PMID: 28771278 DOI: 10.1160/th17-01-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are progenitor cells committed to endothelial lineages and have robust vasculogenic properties. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been described to support ECFC-mediated angiogenic processes in various matrices. However, MSC-ECFC interactions in hind limb ischemia (HLI) are largely unknown. Here we examined whether co-administration of ECFCs and MSCs bolsters vasculogenic activity in nude mice with HLI. In addition, as we have previously shown that endoglin is a key adhesion molecule, we evaluated its involvement in ECFC/MSC interaction. Foot perfusion increased on day 7 after ECFC injection and was even better at 14 days. Co-administration of MSCs significantly increased vessel density and foot perfusion on day 7 but the differences were no longer significant at day 14. Analysis of mouse and human CD31, and in situ hybridization of the human ALU sequence, showed enhanced capillary density in ECFC+MSC mice. When ECFCs were silenced for endoglin, coinjection with MSCs led to lower vessel density and foot perfusion at both 7 and 14 days (p<0.001). Endoglin silencing in ECFCs did not affect MSC differentiation into perivascular cells or other mesenchymal lineages. Endoglin silencing markedly inhibited ECFC adhesion to MSCs. Thus, MSCs, when combined with ECFCs, accelerate muscle recovery in a mouse model of hind limb ischemia, through an endoglin-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Smadja
- Prof. David Smadja, European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Hematology Department and UMR-S1140, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France, Tel.: +31 56093933, Fax: +31 56093393, E-mail:
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33
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Levin HI, Sullivan-Pyke CS, Papaioannou VE, Wapner RJ, Kitajewski JK, Shawber CJ, Douglas NC. Dynamic maternal and fetal Notch activity and expression in placentation. Placenta 2017; 55:5-12. [PMID: 28623973 PMCID: PMC5754215 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Murine placentation requires trophoblast Notch2, while the Notch ligand, JAGGED1, is reduced in invasive trophoblasts from women with preeclampsia. However, the placental cells with active Notch signaling and expression of other Notch proteins and ligands in placentation have yet to be defined. We sought to identify endothelial cell and trophoblast subtypes with canonical Notch signaling in the decidua and placenta and correlate this to expression of Notch proteins and ligands. METHODS Notch reporter transgenic mice were used to define canonical Notch activity and immunofluorescence staining performed to characterize expression of Notch1, 2, 3, 4 and ligands, Delta-like 4 (Dll4) and Jagged1 (Jag1) during early placentation and in the mature placenta. RESULTS Notch signaling is active in maternal and fetal endothelial cells and trophoblasts during early placentation and in the mature placenta. Dll4, Jag1, Notch1, and Notch4 are expressed in maternal vasculature in the decidua. Dll4, Jag1 and Notch1 are expressed in fetal vasculature in the labyrinth. Dll4, Notch2 and Notch4 are co-expressed in the ectoplacental cone. Notch2 and Notch4 are expressed in parietal-trophoblast giant cells and junctional zone trophoblasts with active canonical Notch signaling and in labyrinthine syncytiotrophoblasts and sinusoidal-trophoblast giant cells. DISCUSSION Canonical Notch activity and distinct expression patterns for Notch proteins and ligands was evident in endothelium and trophoblasts, suggesting Notch1, Notch2, Notch4, Dll4, and Jag1 have distinct and overlapping functions in placentation. Characterization of Notch signaling defects in existing mouse models of preeclampsia may shed light on the role of Notch in developing the preeclampsia phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather I Levin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chantae S Sullivan-Pyke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Virginia E Papaioannou
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ronald J Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jan K Kitajewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Room E202, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carrie J Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nataki C Douglas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Rohban R, Prietl B, Pieber TR. Crosstalk between Stem and Progenitor Cellular Mediators with Special Emphasis on Vasculogenesis. Transfus Med Hemother 2017. [PMID: 28626368 DOI: 10.1159/000477677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular components and molecular processes of signaling during vasculogenesis have been investigated for decades. Considerable efforts have been made to unravel regulatory mechanisms of vasculogenesis through crosstalk between vasculogenic playmakers located in the vascular niche, namely hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells. Recent studies have increased the knowledge about signaling events within vascular microenvironment that leads to vasculogenesis. Findings from these recent studies indicate the impact of cellular crosstalk through signaling pathways such as vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, wingless and Notch signaling in vasculogenesis and vascular development. In this review, we highlight the signaling signature between stem and progenitor cellular mediators during vasculogenesis. We further focus on hematopoietic stem cell-endothelial progenitor cell crosstalk during vasculogenesis and discuss their potential implications and benefits for therapeutic interventions and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsareh Rohban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Prietl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Competence Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Competence Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed, Graz, Austria.,HEALTH-Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Graz, Austria
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Chen CY, Chen YY, Hsieh MS, Ho CC, Chen KY, Shih JY, Yu CJ. Expression of Notch Gene and Its Impact on Survival of Patients with Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:1292-1300. [PMID: 28607605 PMCID: PMC5463445 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Notch signaling has been demonstrated to frequently participate in the process of lung carcinogenesis. This study aimed to search Notch expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its impact on survival. METHODS: From 2001 to 2011, patients with diagnosis of NSCLC who received surgical resection were included. The expression of Notch gene was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clinical characteristics, histological types, disease stages, and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Ninety-seven patients with NSCLC being explored the expression of Notch gene (Notch1 - 4). Seventy-five patients (77.3%) were adenocarcinoma. Patients with adenocarcinoma had higher expression of Notch2 than other histology types (p < 0.001). Otherwise, patients with squamous cell carcinoma had relative higher expression of Notch1 and Notch3 expression (p = 0.014 and p = 0.032, respectively). Notch2 expression increased associated with patients with more advanced lung cancer stage. Patients who had cancer recurrence also had higher Notch2 expression (p = 0.008). The patient group with lung adenocarcinoma of both high Notch1 and Notch3 expression had a shorter median disease-free survival (DFS) (both high v.s both low: DFS, median, 7.2 v.s 25.3 months, p = 0.03). However, the expression of Notch gene had no impact on overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with lung adenocarcinoma had higher Notch2 expression. Patients with higher Notch2 expression also had higher rate of cancer recurrence. Both higher Notch1 and Notch3 expression was associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yu Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shu Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Ho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Xia S, Zhang X, Li C, Guan H. Oridonin inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis through blocking the Notch signaling. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:638-643. [PMID: 28579904 PMCID: PMC5447451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oridonin is a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens with potent anticancer activity. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of oridonin to inhibit growth and metastasis of human breast cancer cells. Methods: The effect of oridonin on proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay, cell migration and invasion were evaluated by transwell migration and invasion assays in human breast cancer cells. The inhibitive effect of oridonin in vivo was determined by using xenografted nude mice. In addition, the expression of Notch receptors (Notch 1–4) was detected by western blot. Results: Oridonin inhibited human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, oridonin significantly induced human breast cancer cells apoptosis. Furthermore, the oridonin treatment not only inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion, but more significantly, decreased the expression of Notch 1-4 protein. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the inhibitive effect of oridonin is likely to be driven by the inhibition of Notch signaling pathway and the resulting increased apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Xia
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261500, China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- Intravenous Drug Dispensing Section, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261500, China
| | - Caihong Li
- Department of Burns, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261500, China
| | - Honglian Guan
- Intravenous Drug Dispensing Section, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261500, China
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Novel missense mutation in DLL4 in a Japanese sporadic case of Adams-Oliver syndrome. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:851-855. [PMID: 28446798 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS, OMIM; 100300) is a rare genetic disease characterized by aplasia cutis congenita, terminal transverse limb defects and cutis marmorata with vascular anomalies such as congenital heart defects. The etiology of this syndrome has remained largely unknown but defective Notch signaling during vascular formation has been suggested. Here we describe a sporadic Japanese newborn case with clinically diagnosed AOS. Trio whole-exome sequencing identified a de novo, novel, heterozygous missense mutation in the Delta-like 4 ligand gene (DLL4 c.572G>A, p.Arg191His) in the patient. DLL4 functions as a requisite ligand for NOTCH1 receptor, which is essential for vascular formation. Amino acid substitution of Arg191 to His was predicted by molecular models to interfere with direct binding between DLL4 and NOTCH1. DLL4 has recently been identified as a causative gene of an autosomal dominant type of AOS with milder symptoms. The case described here showed gradual recovery from skull defects after birth and no psychomotor developmental delay has been observed. This is the second report of an AOS case with DLL4 mutation, and the phenotypic characteristics between the two cases are compared and discussed.
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Rowan CJ, Sheybani-Deloui S, Rosenblum ND. Origin and Function of the Renal Stroma in Health and Disease. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 60:205-229. [PMID: 28409347 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51436-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The renal stroma is defined as a heterogeneous population of cells that serve both as a supportive framework and as a source of specialized cells in the renal capsule, glomerulus, vasculature, and interstitium. In this chapter, we review published evidence defining what, where, and why stromal cells are important. We describe the functions of the renal stroma andhow stromal derivatives are crucial for normal kidney function. Next, we review the specification of stromal cells from the Osr1+ intermediate mesoderm and T+ presomitic mesoderm during embryogenesis and stromal cell differentiation. We focus on stromal signaling mechanisms that act in both a cell and non-cell autonomous manner in communication with the nephron progenitor and ureteric lineages. To conclude, stromal cells and the contribution of stromal cells to renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rowan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sepideh Sheybani-Deloui
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Rm 16-9-706, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
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Zhu CY, Wang Y, Zeng QX, Qian Y, Li H, Yang ZX, Yang YM, Zhang Q, Li FF, Liu SL. Combined effects of age and polymorphisms in Notch3 in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction disease. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:1157-64. [PMID: 27370894 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral infarction disease is a severe hypoxic ischemic tissue necrosis in the brain, often leading to long-term functional disability and residual impairments. The Notch signaling pathway plays key roles in proliferation and survival of the stem/progenitor cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Notch3 is an important member of the pathway, but the relationships between the genetic abnormalities and cerebral infarction disease still remain unclear. The aim of this work was to evaluate variations in Notch3 gene for their possible associations with the cerebral infarction disease. We sequenced the Notch3 gene for 260 patients with cerebral infarction disease, 300 normal controls with old ages and 300 normal controls with younger ages, and identified the variations. The statistical analyses were conducted using Chi-Square Tests as implemented in SPSS (version 19.0). The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test of the population was carried out using the online software OEGE. Six variations, including rs1044116, rs1044009, rs1044006, rs10408676, rs1043996 and rs16980398 within or near the Notch3 gene, were found. The genetic heterozygosity of rs1044116, rs1044009, rs1044006, and rs1043996 was very high, whereas that of rs10408676 and rs16980398 was very low. Statistical analyses showed that rs1044009 and rs1044006 were associated with the risk of cerebral infarction disease in the Chinese Han agedness population. The SNPs rs1044009 and rs1044006 in the Notch3 gene were associated with the risk of cerebral infarction diseases in the Chinese Han agedness population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Zhu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qing-Xuan Zeng
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Li
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zi-Xia Yang
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ya-Mei Yang
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Antibiotics, Heilongjiang province food and drug inspection testing Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Fei-Feng Li
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Wilsbacher L, McNally EM. Genetics of Cardiac Developmental Disorders: Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Growth and Relevance to Heart Failure. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 11:395-419. [PMID: 26925501 PMCID: PMC8978617 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac developmental disorders represent the most common of human birth defects, and anomalies in cardiomyocyte proliferation drive many of these disorders. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms of prenatal cardiac growth. Trabeculation represents the initial ventricular growth phase and is necessary for embryonic survival. Later in development, the bulk of the ventricular wall derives from the compaction process, yet the arrest of this process can still be compatible with life. Cardiomyocyte proliferation and growth form the basis of both trabeculation and compaction, and mouse models indicate that cardiomyocyte interactions with the surrounding environment are critical for these proliferative processes. The human genetics of left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy suggest that cardiomyocyte cell-autonomous mechanisms contribute to the compaction process. Understanding the determinants of prenatal or early postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and growth provides critical information that identifies risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including heart failure and its associated complications of arrhythmias and thromboembolic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wilsbacher
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genetic Medicine, and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; ,
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genetic Medicine, and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; ,
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Shawber CJ, Lin L, Gnarra M, Sauer MV, Papaioannou VE, Kitajewski JK, Douglas NC. Vascular Notch proteins and Notch signaling in the peri-implantation mouse uterus. Vasc Cell 2015; 7:9. [PMID: 26629328 PMCID: PMC4666149 DOI: 10.1186/s13221-015-0034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is essential for uterine decidualization, the progesterone-mediated transformation of the uterus allowing embryo implantation and initiation of pregnancy. In the current study, we define the vasculature, expression of Notch proteins and Notch ligands, and Notch activity in both endothelial cells and vascular-associated mural cells of blood vessels in the pre-implantation endometrium and post-implantation decidua of the mouse uterus. Methods We used immunofluorescence to determine the expression of Notch in endothelial cells and mural cells by co-staining for the endothelial cell marker, CD31, the pan-mural cell marker, platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β), the pericyte markers, neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2) and desmin, or the smooth muscle cell marker, alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA). A fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran tracer, was used to identify functional peri-implantation vasculature. CBF:H2B-Venus Notch reporter transgenic mice were used to determine Notch activity. Results Notch signaling is observed in endothelial cells and pericytes in the peri-implantation uterus. Prior to implantation, Notch1, Notch2 and Notch4 and Notch ligand, Delta-like 4 (Dll4) are expressed in capillary endothelial cells, while Notch3 is expressed in the pericytes. Jagged1 is expressed in both capillary endothelial cells and pericytes. After implantation, Notch1, Notch4 and Dll4 are expressed in endothelial cells of newly formed decidual capillaries. Jagged1 is expressed in endothelial cells of spiral arteries and a subset of decidual pericytes. Notch proteins are not expressed in lymphatic vessels or macrophages in the peri-implantation uterus. Conclusions We show Notch activity and distinct expression patterns for Notch proteins and ligands, suggesting unique roles for Notch1, Notch4, Dll4, and Jag1 during decidual angiogenesis and early placentation. These data set the stage for loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies that will determine the cell-type specific requirements for Notch proteins in decidual angiogenesis and placentation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13221-015-0034-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA ; Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Maria Gnarra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Mark V Sauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Virginia E Papaioannou
- Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Jan K Kitajewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA ; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Nataki C Douglas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA
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Combined deficiency of Notch1 and Notch3 causes pericyte dysfunction, models CADASIL, and results in arteriovenous malformations. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16449. [PMID: 26563570 PMCID: PMC4643246 DOI: 10.1038/srep16449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes regulate vessel stability and pericyte dysfunction contributes to retinopathies, stroke, and cancer. Here we define Notch as a key regulator of pericyte function during angiogenesis. In Notch1+/−; Notch3−/− mice, combined deficiency of Notch1 and Notch3 altered pericyte interaction with the endothelium and reduced pericyte coverage of the retinal vasculature. Notch1 and Notch3 were shown to cooperate to promote proper vascular basement membrane formation and contribute to endothelial cell quiescence. Accordingly, loss of pericyte function due to Notch deficiency exacerbates endothelial cell activation caused by Notch1 haploinsufficiency. Mice mutant for Notch1 and Notch3 develop arteriovenous malformations and display hallmarks of the ischemic stroke disease CADASIL. Thus, Notch deficiency compromises pericyte function and contributes to vascular pathologies.
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DLL4 as a predictor of pelvic lymph node metastasis and a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5063-74. [PMID: 26546434 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4), one of the five Notch signaling ligands in mammals, has an important function in proliferation, invasion, metastasis, progression, and angiogenesis of malignancies. This study aimed to investigate DLL4 expression level in early-stage cervical carcinoma and to evaluate its clinical significance. We used fresh frozen and paraffin-embedded cervical cancer tissues to analyze DLL4 expression and its clinical significance. DLL4 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in cervical cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal cervical tissues. High DLL4 protein level was clearly correlated with high International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (P = 0.044), lymphovascular space involvement (LVSI) (P = 0.015), pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM) (P = 0.001), and recurrence (P < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that DLL4 overexpression was strongly associated with lymph node metastasis (odds ratio, 2.790; 95 % CI, 1.344-5.791; P = 0.006). Moreover, survival analysis revealed that DLL4 expression was an independent factor of unfavorable overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.130; 95 % CI, 1.108-4.097; P = 0.023) and disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 1.965; 95 % CI, 1.085-3.560; P = 0.026) in patients with cervical cancer. Overall, our data indicate that high DLL4 expression predicts pelvic lymph node metastasis and poor survival in cervical cancer. Therefore, DLL4 may be a potential clinical diagnostic marker for patients with early-stage cervical cancer.
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Glial influences on BBB functions and molecular players in immune cell trafficking. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:472-82. [PMID: 26454208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes an elaborate structure formed by specialized capillary endothelial cells, which together with pericytes and perivascular glial cells regulates the exchanges between the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery. Intricate interactions between the different cellular constituents of the BBB are crucial in establishing a functional BBB and maintaining the delicate homeostasis of the CNS microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the role of astrocytes and microglia in inducing and maintaining barrier properties under physiological conditions as well as their involvement during neuroinflammatory pathologies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuro Inflammation edited by Helga E. de Vries and Markus Schwaninger.
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Hatch E, Morrow D, Liu W, Cahill PA, Redmond EM. Ethanol inhibits γ-secretase proteolytic activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:2115-22. [PMID: 26443551 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (EtOH) inhibits Notch-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, an event that is key in vessel remodeling and atherogenesis. The object of this study was to determine whether EtOH inhibits Notch signaling in SMC at the level of γ-secretase, a protease that in concert with α-secretase catalyzes the release of the intracellular domain of the Notch receptor necessary for signaling. METHODS Human coronary artery SMCs (HCASMCs) were treated with a recombinant soluble Notch ligand, Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) (2 μg/ml), or transfected with a constitutively active Notch 1 intracellular domain (N1ICD), in the absence or presence of EtOH. EtOH (25 mM) treatment inhibited DLL4-stimulated CBF-1/RBP-Jk-dependent promoter activity (determined by luciferase assay) and downstream target gene HRT-3 mRNA levels. In contrast, EtOH had no effect on N1ICD-driven CBF-1/RBP-Jk-dependent promoter activity or HRT-3 expression. RESULTS These data suggest that EtOH inhibits Notch signaling at, or prior to, Notch intracellular domain (NICD) generation. γ-Secretase activity was determined in solubilized membrane preparations from HCASMC treated with/without EtOH (25 mM) or the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT (20 μM) using (i) a fluorometric assay and (ii) Western blot detection of cleavage products using a Flag-tagged Notch-based substrate, N100Flag. EtOH inhibited basal and DLL4-stimulated γ-secretase activity, and SMC growth to a similar extent as DAPT, whereas it had no effect on α-secretase (TACE/ADAM17) activity also determined by fluorometric assay. Moreover, EtOH treatment inhibited the expression of caveolin-1, a lipid raft protein implicated in regulating γ-secretase activity, and altered its cellular distribution in HCASMC. CONCLUSIONS EtOH inhibits Notch signaling in vascular SMCs at the level of γ-secretase activity, possibly by affecting lipid raft function. Such a response might be expected to result in attenuation of pathologic vessel remodeling and thus may contribute to moderate alcohols' cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Hatch
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - David Morrow
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Health Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Chang L, Nguyen V, Nguyen A, Scott MA, James AW. Pericytes in sarcomas of bone. Med Oncol 2015; 32:202. [PMID: 26076804 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes are mesenchymal cells that closely enwrap small blood vessels, lying in intimate association with the endothelium. Pericytes have recently gained attention as an important mediator of vascular biology and angiogenesis in cancer. Although better studied in carcinoma, pericytes have known interaction with sarcomas of bone, including Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. Best studied is Ewing's sarcoma (ES), which displays a prominent perivascular growth pattern. Signaling pathways of known importance in intratumoral pericytes in ES include Notch, PDGF/PDGFR-β, and VEGF signaling. In summary, pericytes serve important functions in the tumor microenvironment. Improved understanding of pericyte biology may hold significant implications for the development of new therapies in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., 13-145 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Lilly B. We have contact: endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell interactions. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 29:234-41. [PMID: 24985327 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00047.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are composed of two primary cell types, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, each providing a unique contribution to vessel function. Signaling between these two cell types is essential for maintaining tone in mature vessels, and their communication is critical during development, and for repair and remodeling associated with blood vessel growth. This review will highlight the pathways that endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells utilize to communicate during vessel formation and discuss how disruptions in these pathways contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Lilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Heart Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Pandey R, Botros MA, Nacev BA, Albig AR. Cyclosporin a disrupts notch signaling and vascular lumen maintenance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119279. [PMID: 25775018 PMCID: PMC4361394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CSA) suppresses immune function by blocking the cyclophilin A and calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathways. In addition to immunosuppression, CSA has also been shown to have a wide range of effects in the cardiovascular system including disruption of heart valve development, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and angiogenesis inhibition. Circumstantial evidence has suggested that CSA might control Notch signaling which is also a potent regulator of cardiovascular function. Therefore, the goal of this project was to determine if CSA controls Notch and to dissect the molecular mechanism(s) by which CSA impacts cardiovascular homeostasis. We found that CSA blocked JAG1, but not Dll4 mediated Notch1 NICD cleavage in transfected 293T cells and decreased Notch signaling in zebrafish embryos. CSA suppression of Notch was linked to cyclophilin A but not calcineurin/NFAT inhibition since N-MeVal-4-CsA but not FK506 decreased Notch1 NICD cleavage. To examine the effect of CSA on vascular development and function, double transgenic Fli1-GFP/Gata1-RFP zebrafish embryos were treated with CSA and monitored for vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and overall cardiovascular function. Vascular patterning was not obviously impacted by CSA treatment and contrary to the anti-angiogenic activity ascribed to CSA, angiogenic sprouting of ISV vessels was normal in CSA treated embryos. Most strikingly, CSA treated embryos exhibited a progressive decline in blood flow that was associated with eventual collapse of vascular luminal structures. Vascular collapse in zebrafish embryos was partially rescued by global Notch inhibition with DAPT suggesting that disruption of normal Notch signaling by CSA may be linked to vascular collapse. However, multiple signaling pathways likely cause the vascular collapse phenotype since both cyclophilin A and calcineurin/NFAT were required for normal vascular function. Collectively, these results show that CSA is a novel inhibitor of Notch signaling and vascular function in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Pandey
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Botros
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Nacev
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Allan R. Albig
- Department of Biology, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pillai-Kastoori L, Wen W, Morris AC. Keeping an eye on SOXC proteins. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:367-376. [PMID: 25476579 PMCID: PMC4344926 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a mature, functional eye requires a complex series of cell proliferation, migration, induction among different germinal layers, and cell differentiation. These processes are regulated by extracellular cues such as the Wnt/BMP/Hh/Fgf signaling pathways, as well as cell intrinsic transcription factors that specify cell fate. In this review article, we provide an overview of stages of embryonic eye morphogenesis, extrinsic and intrinsic factors that are required for each stage, and pediatric ocular diseases that are associated with defective eye development. In addition, we focus on recent findings about the roles of the SOXC proteins in regulating vertebrate ocular development and implicating SOXC mutations in human ocular malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ann C. Morris
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Kim H, Huang L, Critser PJ, Yang Z, Chan RJ, Wang L, Carlesso N, Voytik-Harbin SL, Bernstein ID, Yoder MC. Notch ligand Delta-like 1 promotes in vivo vasculogenesis in human cord blood-derived endothelial colony forming cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:579-92. [PMID: 25559145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human cord blood (CB) is enriched in circulating endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) that display high proliferative potential and in vivo vessel forming ability. Because Notch signaling is critical for embryonic blood vessel formation in utero, we hypothesized that Notch pathway activation may enhance cultured ECFC vasculogenic properties in vivo. METHODS In vitro ECFC stimulation with an immobilized chimeric Notch ligand (Delta-like1(ext-IgG)) led to significant increases in the mRNA and protein levels of Notch regulated Hey2 and EphrinB2 that were blocked by treatment with γ-secretase inhibitor addition. However, Notch stimulated preconditioning in vitro failed to enhance ECFC vasculogenesis in vivo. In contrast, in vivo co-implantation of ECFCs with OP9-Delta-like 1 stromal cells that constitutively expressed the Notch ligand delta-like 1 resulted in enhanced Notch activated ECFC-derived increased vessel density and enlarged vessel area in vivo, an effect not induced by OP9 control stromal implantation. RESULTS This Notch activation was associated with diminished apoptosis in the exposed ECFC. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Notch pathway activation in ECFC in vivo via co-implanted stromal cells expressing delta-like 1 promotes vasculogenesis and augments blood vessel formation via diminishing apoptosis of the implanted ECFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul J Critser
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Zhenyun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rebecca J Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nadia Carlesso
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sherry L Voytik-Harbin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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