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Fatema K, Haidar Z, Tanim MTH, Nath SD, Sajib AA. Unveiling the link between arsenic toxicity and diabetes: an in silico exploration into the role of transcription factors. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:653-672. [PMID: 39345741 PMCID: PMC11436564 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-024-00255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Arsenic-induced diabetes, despite being a relatively newer finding, is now a growing area of interest, owing to its multifaceted nature of development and the diversity of metabolic conditions that result from it, on top of the already complicated manifestation of arsenic toxicity. Identification and characterization of the common and differentially affected cellular metabolic pathways and their regulatory components among various arsenic and diabetes-associated complications may aid in understanding the core molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced diabetes. This study, therefore, explores the effects of arsenic on human cell lines through 14 transcriptomic datasets containing 160 individual samples using in silico tools to take a systematic, deeper look into the pathways and genes that are being altered. Among these, we especially focused on the role of transcription factors due to their diverse and multifaceted roles in biological processes, aiming to comprehensively investigate the underlying mechanism of arsenic-induced diabetes as well as associated health risks. We present a potential mechanism heavily implying the involvement of the TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway leading to cell cycle alterations and the NF-κB/TNF-α, MAPK, and Ca2+ signaling pathways underlying the pathogenesis of arsenic-induced diabetes. This study also presents novel findings by suggesting potential associations of four transcription factors (NCOA3, PHF20, TFDP1, and TFDP2) with both arsenic toxicity and diabetes; five transcription factors (E2F5, ETS2, EGR1, JDP2, and TFE3) with arsenic toxicity; and one transcription factor (GATA2) with diabetes. The novel association of the transcription factors and proposed mechanism in this study may serve as a take-off point for more experimental evidence needed to understand the in vivo cellular-level diabetogenic effects of arsenic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-024-00255-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaniz Fatema
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Zinia Haidar
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Md Tamzid Hossain Tanim
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Sudipta Deb Nath
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ashfaqur Sajib
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
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Kanbay M, Copur S, Topçu AU, Guldan M, Ozbek L, Gaipov A, Ferro C, Cozzolino M, Cherney DZI, Tuttle KR. An update review of post-transplant diabetes mellitus: Concept, risk factors, clinical implications and management. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2531-2545. [PMID: 38558257 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kidney transplantation is the gold standard therapeutic alternative for patients with end-stage renal disease; nevertheless, it is not without potential complications leading to considerable morbidity and mortality such as post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM). This narrative review aims to comprehensively evaluate PTDM in terms of its diagnostic approach, underlying pathophysiological pathways, epidemiological data, and management strategies. METHODS Articles were retrieved from electronic databases using predefined search terms. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies investigating PTDM diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and management strategies. RESULTS PTDM emerges as a significant complication following kidney transplantation, influenced by various pathophysiological factors including peripheral insulin resistance, immunosuppressive medications, infections, and proinflammatory pathways. Despite discrepancies in prevalence estimates, PTDM poses substantial challenges to transplant. Diagnostic approaches, including traditional criteria such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c, are limited in their ability to capture early PTDM manifestations. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) emerges as a valuable tool, particularly in the early post-transplant period. Management strategies for PTDM remain unclear, within sufficient evidence from large-scale randomized clinical trials to guide optimal interventions. Nevertheless, glucose-lowering agents and life style modifications constitute primary modalities for managing hyperglycemia in transplant recipients. DISCUSSION The complex interplay between PTDM and the transplant process necessitates individualized diagnostic and management approaches. While early recognition and intervention are paramount, modifications to maintenance immunosuppressive regimens based solely on PTDM risk are not warranted, given the potential adverse consequences such as increased rejection risk. Further research is essential to refine management strategies and enhance outcomes for transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Umur Topçu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Guldan
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lasin Ozbek
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abduzhappar Gaipov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Charles Ferro
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Birmingham and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mario Cozzolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - David Z I Cherney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine R Tuttle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Fu J, Zhang Q, Zhang N, Zhou S, Fang Y, Li Y, Yuan L, Chen L, Xiang C. Human Menstrual Blood-Derived Stem Cells Protect against Tacrolimus-Induced Islet Dysfunction via Cystathionine β-Synthase Mediated IL-6/STAT3 Inactivation. Biomolecules 2024; 14:671. [PMID: 38927074 PMCID: PMC11201965 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes imposes a huge burden worldwide. Islet transplantation is an alternative therapy for diabetes. However, tacrolimus, a kind of immunosuppressant after organ transplantation, is closely related to post-transplant diabetes mellitus. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted interest for their potential to alleviate diabetes. In vivo experiments revealed that human menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) treatment improved tacrolimus-induced blood glucose, body weight, and glucose tolerance disorders in mice. RNA sequencing was used to analyze the potential therapeutic targets of MenSCs. In this study, we illustrated that cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) contributed to tacrolimus -induced islet dysfunction. Using β-cell lines (MIN6, β-TC-6), we demonstrated that MenSCs ameliorated tacrolimus-induced islet dysfunction in vitro. Moreover, MenSC reduced the tacrolimus-induced elevation of CBS levels and significantly enhanced the viability, anti-apoptotic ability, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and glycolytic flux of β-cells. We further revealed that MenSCs exerted their therapeutic effects by inhibiting CBS expression to activate the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. In conclusion, we showed that MenSCs may be a potential strategy to improve tacrolimus-induced islet dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.F.); (Q.Z.); (N.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.L.)
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.F.); (Q.Z.); (N.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.L.)
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.F.); (Q.Z.); (N.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.L.)
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Sining Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.F.); (Q.Z.); (N.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.L.)
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yangxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.F.); (Q.Z.); (N.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.L.)
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yifei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.F.); (Q.Z.); (N.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.L.)
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) Group, Hangzhou 311215, China;
| | - Lijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.F.); (Q.Z.); (N.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.L.)
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.F.); (Q.Z.); (N.Z.); (S.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.L.)
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250117, China
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Du W, Wang X, Zhang D, Zuo X. Genotype-Guided Model for Prediction of Tacrolimus Initial Dosing After Lung Transplantation. J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 64:719-727. [PMID: 38327217 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The determination of the appropriate initial dose for tacrolimus is crucial in achieving the target concentration promptly and avoiding adverse effects and poor prognosis. However, the trial-and-error approach is still common practice. This study aimed to establish a prediction model for an initial dosing algorithm of tacrolimus in patients receiving a lung transplant. A total of 210 lung transplant recipients were enrolled, and 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 18 genes that could potentially affect tacrolimus pharmacokinetics were genotyped. Associations between SNPs and tacrolimus concentration/dose ratio were analyzed. SNPs that remained significant in pharmacogenomic analysis were further combined with clinical factors to construct a prediction model for tacrolimus initial dose. The dose needed to reach steady state tacrolimus concentrations and achieve the target range was used to validate model prediction efficiency. Our final model consisted of 7 predictors-CYP3A5 rs776746, SLCO1B3 rs4149117, SLC2A2 rs1499821, NFATc4 rs1955915, alanine aminotransferase, direct bilirubin, and hematocrit-and explained 41.4% variance in the tacrolimus concentration/dose ratio. It achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.804 (95% confidence interval, 0.746-0.861). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielded a nonsignificant P value of .790, suggesting good fit of the model. The predicted dose exhibited good correlation with the observed dose in the early postoperative period (r = 0.748, P less than .001). Our study provided a genotype-guided prediction model for tacrolimus initial dose, which may help to guide individualized dosing of tacrolimus in the lung transplant population in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Du
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang Z, Sun J, Guo M, Yuan X. Progress of new-onset diabetes after liver and kidney transplantation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1091843. [PMID: 36843576 PMCID: PMC9944581 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1091843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is currently the most effective treatment for end-stage organ failure. Post transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a severe complication after organ transplantation that seriously affects the short-term and long-term survival of recipients. However, PTDM is often overlooked or poorly managed in its early stage. This article provides an overview of the incidence, and pathogenesis of and risk factors for PTDM, aiming to gain a deeper understanding of PTDM and improve the quality of life of recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Jianyun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology &Institute of Immunology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, China
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Hagihara H, Shoji H, Kuroiwa M, Graef IA, Crabtree GR, Nishi A, Miyakawa T. Forebrain-specific conditional calcineurin deficiency induces dentate gyrus immaturity and hyper-dopaminergic signaling in mice. Mol Brain 2022; 15:94. [PMID: 36414974 PMCID: PMC9682671 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (Cn), a phosphatase important for synaptic plasticity and neuronal development, has been implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. Forebrain-specific conditional Cn knockout mice have been known to exhibit multiple behavioral phenotypes related to these disorders. In this study, we investigated whether Cn mutant mice show pseudo-immaturity of the dentate gyrus (iDG) in the hippocampus, which we have proposed as an endophenotype shared by these disorders. Expression of calbindin and GluA1, typical markers for mature DG granule cells (GCs), was decreased and that of doublecortin, calretinin, phospho-CREB, and dopamine D1 receptor (Drd1), markers for immature GC, was increased in Cn mutants. Phosphorylation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) substrates (GluA1, ERK2, DARPP-32, PDE4) was increased and showed higher sensitivity to SKF81297, a Drd1-like agonist, in Cn mutants than in controls. While cAMP/PKA signaling is increased in the iDG of Cn mutants, chronic treatment with rolipram, a selective PDE4 inhibitor that increases intracellular cAMP, ameliorated the iDG phenotype significantly and nesting behavior deficits with nominal significance. Chronic rolipram administration also decreased the phosphorylation of CREB, but not the other four PKA substrates examined, in Cn mutants. These results suggest that Cn deficiency induces pseudo-immaturity of GCs and that cAMP signaling increases to compensate for this maturation abnormality. This study further supports the idea that iDG is an endophenotype shared by certain neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hagihara
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Mahomi Kuroiwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011 Japan
| | - Isabella A. Graef
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Gerald R. Crabtree
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
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Li S, Zhou H, Xie M, Zhang Z, Gou J, Yang J, Tian C, Ma K, Wang CY, Lu Y, Li Q, Peng W, Xiang M. Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma (Reg3g) ameliorates tacrolimus-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in mice by restoring mitochondrial function. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3078-3095. [PMID: 35060126 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tacrolimus a first-line medication used after transplantation can induce β-cell dysfunction, causing new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM). Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma (Reg3g), a member of the pancreatic regenerative gene family, has been reported to improve type 1 diabetes by promoting β-cell regeneration. We aim to investigate the role of Reg3g in reversing tacrolimus-induced β-cell dysfunction and NODM in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Circulating REG3A (the human homologue of mouse Reg3g) in heart transplantation patients treated with tacrolimus was detected. The glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and mitochondrial functions, including mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), mitochondria calcium, ATP production, oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial morphology were investigated in β-cells. Additionally, effects of Reg3g on tacrolimus-induced NODM in mice were analysed. KEY RESULTS Circulating REG3A level in heart transplantation patients with NODM significantly decreased compared with those without diabetes. Tacrolimus down-regulated Reg3g via inhibiting STAT3-mediated transcription activation. Moreover, Reg3g restored glucose-stimulated insulin secretion suppressed by tacrolimus in β-cells by improving mitochondrial functions, including increased MMP, mitochondria calcium uptake, ATP production, oxygen consumption rate and contributing to an intact mitochondrial morphology. Mechanistically, Reg3g increased accumulation of pSTAT3(Ser727) in mitochondria by activating ERK1/2-STAT3 signalling pathway, leading to restoration of tacrolimus-induced mitochondrial impairment. Reg3g overexpression also effectively mitigated tacrolimus-induced NODM in mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Reg3g can significantly ameliorate tacrolimus-induced β-cell dysfunction by restoring mitochondrial function in a pSTAT3(Ser727)-dependent manner. Our observations identify a novel Reg3g-mediated mechanism that is involved in tacrolimus-induced NODM and establish the novel role of Reg3g in reversing tacrolimus-induced β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyuan Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Gou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gul W, Naem E, Elawad S, Elhadd T. Successful use of the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with renal transplant and diabetes: a case series and literature review. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2021; 10:222-224. [PMID: 34765893 PMCID: PMC8575439 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Management of patients with diabetes and renal transplant could be challenging. Transplant patients use multiple immune suppressants that can worsen or even trigger hyperglycemia. There are no data about the use of the new class of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with renal transplant and diabetes. CASE SERIES Four patients, with diabetes, who are attending the diabetes clinic at our institution, are presented here. They were all counseled to be started on dapagliflozin 10 mg to improve diabetes control as they were on multiple agents and not achieving targets. All four patients showed significant improvement in hemoglobin A1c, with no adverse effects on renal parameters and had favorable effect on weight and blood pressure (BP). CONCLUSION Use of the SGLT-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in the standard dose of 10 mg helped to achieve satisfactory control with favorable effects on BP and weight with no adverse effects on renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajiha Gul
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Section & Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation
| | - Emad Naem
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Section & Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation
| | - Safa Elawad
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tarik Elhadd
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Section & Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation
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9
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Role of Wnt signaling pathways in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2219-2232. [PMID: 33566231 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major global public health issue in the twenty-first century and its incidence has increased each year. Wnt signaling pathways are a set of multi-downstream signaling pathways activated by the binding of Wnt ligands to membrane protein receptors. Wnt signaling pathways regulate protein expression and play important roles in protecting the body's normal physiological metabolism. This review describes Wnt signaling pathways, and then aims to reveal how Wnt signaling pathways participate in the occurrence and development of T2DM. We found that Wnt/c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling was closely associated with insulin resistance, inflammatory response, and pancreatic β-cell and endothelial dysfunction. β-catenin/transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2)-mediated and calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells-mediated target genes were involved in insulin synthesis and secretion, insulin degradation, pancreatic β-cell growth and regeneration, and functional application of pancreatic β-cells. In addition, polymorphisms in the TCF7L2 gene could increase risk of T2DM according to previous and the most current results, and the T allele of its variants was a more adverse factor for abnormal pancreatic β-cell function and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with T2DM. These findings indicate a strong correlation between Wnt signaling pathways and T2DM, particularly in terms of pancreatic islet dysfunction and insulin resistance, and new therapeutic targets for T2DM may be identified.
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Lee SK, Ahnn J. Regulator of Calcineurin (RCAN): Beyond Down Syndrome Critical Region. Mol Cells 2020; 43:671-685. [PMID: 32576715 PMCID: PMC7468584 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulator of calcineurin (RCAN) was first reported as a novel gene called DSCR1, encoded in a region termed the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) of human chromosome 21. Genome sequence comparisons across species using bioinformatics revealed three members of the RCAN gene family, RCAN1, RCAN2, and RCAN3, present in most jawed vertebrates, with one member observed in most invertebrates and fungi. RCAN is most highly expressed in brain and striated muscles, but expression has been reported in many other tissues, as well, including the heart and kidneys. Expression levels of RCAN homologs are responsive to external stressors such as reactive oxygen species, Ca2+, amyloid β, and hormonal changes and upregulated in pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, cardiac hypertrophy, diabetes, and degenerative neuropathy. RCAN binding to calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, inhibits calcineurin activity, thereby regulating different physiological events via dephosphorylation of important substrates. Novel functions of RCANs have recently emerged, indicating involvement in mitochondria homeostasis, RNA binding, circadian rhythms, obesity, and thermogenesis, some of which are calcineurin-independent. These developments suggest that besides significant contributions to DS pathologies and calcineurin regulation, RCAN is an important participant across physiological systems, suggesting it as a favorable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Joohong Ahnn
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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11
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Terto SV, Araújo ST, Negreiros FDDS, Brasil BMBL, da Cunha GH, Rodrigues AB, de Carvalho MMD, Gadelha DD, Carioca AAF, Oliveira Fernandes V, Montenegro Júnior RM. Risk Factors Associated With New-Onset Diabetes After Liver Transplant: A Case Control Study. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:1956-1961. [PMID: 31303408 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New-onset diabetes after transplant is a severe complication that can present in liver transplant recipients, negatively impacting quality of life and graft survival. It also contributes to increased risk of infection, cardiovascular disease, and rejection, which are the main causes of death among liver transplant recipients. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk factors associated with new-onset diabetes after transplant. METHOD This was a case control study based on the data from 146 liver transplant patients at a reference hospital. The data from the charts were collected using a 2-part form: Part I (sociodemographic variables) and Part II (clinical variables). RESULTS Multiple analysis showed that pre-existing systemic arterial hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 2.65; 95% CI, 1.12-6.28) and the use of sodium mycophenolate associated with tacrolimus (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.02-7.06) increased the risk of new-onset diabetes after transplant. On comparing the anthropometric variables, lipid panel, and blood glucose levels of liver transplant patients with and without diabetes, higher glycemic levels were found in the group with diabetes (P < .001). CONCLUSION Pre-existing systemic arterial hypertension and the associated use of sodium mycophenolate and tacrolimus increased the risk of new-onset diabetes after transplant.
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12
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Halden TAS, Kvitne KE, Midtvedt K, Rajakumar L, Robertsen I, Brox J, Bollerslev J, Hartmann A, Åsberg A, Jenssen T. Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin in Renal Transplant Recipients With Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1067-1074. [PMID: 30862658 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have lately become the recommended treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk. Patients with posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) also have high cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of empagliflozin in renal transplant recipients with PTDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-nine renal transplant recipients were included in an investigator-initiated, single-center, prospective, double-blind study and randomized to receive either 10 mg empagliflozin or placebo once daily for 24 weeks. Patients transplanted >1 year ago, diagnosed with PTDM, with stable renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] >30 mL/min/1.73 m2), and with stable immunosuppressive therapy were studied. RESULTS Forty-four renal transplant recipients (22 empagliflozin/22 placebo, 34 males) completed the study. Median (interquartile range) change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly reduced with empagliflozin compared with placebo: -0.2% (-0.6, -0.1) (-2.0 mmol/mol [-6.5, -1.0]) vs. 0.1% (-0.1, 0.4) (1.0 mmol/mol [-0.75, 3.8]) (P = 0.025). The magnitude of glucose reduction was dependent on GFR and baseline HbA1c. The treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in body weight of -2.5 kg (-4.0, -0.05) compared with an increase of 1.0 kg (0.0, 2.0) in the placebo group (P = 0.014). There were no significant differences between the groups in adverse events, immunosuppressive drug levels, or eGFR. CONCLUSIONS Empagliflozin appeared safe and improved glycemic control in renal transplant recipients with PTDM compared with placebo. A concomitant reduction in body weight was seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Anine Strøm Halden
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kine Eide Kvitne
- Section of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Midtvedt
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laavanyaah Rajakumar
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Robertsen
- Section of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Brox
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Hartmann
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Jenssen
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Zhao J, Zong W, Zhao Y, Gou D, Liang S, Shen J, Wu Y, Zheng X, Wu R, Wang X, Niu F, Wang A, Zhang Y, Xiong JW, Chen L, Liu Y. In vivo imaging of β-cell function reveals glucose-mediated heterogeneity of β-cell functional development. eLife 2019; 8:41540. [PMID: 30694176 PMCID: PMC6395064 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How pancreatic β-cells acquire function in vivo is a long-standing mystery due to the lack of technology to visualize β-cell function in living animals. Here, we applied a high-resolution two-photon light-sheet microscope for the first in vivo imaging of Ca2+activity of every β-cell in Tg (ins:Rcamp1.07) zebrafish. We reveal that the heterogeneity of β-cell functional development in vivo occurred as two waves propagating from the islet mantle to the core, coordinated by islet vascularization. Increasing amounts of glucose induced functional acquisition and enhancement of β-cells via activating calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling. Conserved in mammalians, calcineurin/NFAT prompted high-glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of neonatal mouse islets cultured in vitro. However, the reduction in low-glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was dependent on optimal glucose but independent of calcineurin/NFAT. Thus, combination of optimal glucose and calcineurin activation represents a previously unexplored strategy for promoting functional maturation of stem cell-derived β-like cells in vitro. When the amount of sugar in our body rises, specialised cells known as β-cells respond by releasing insulin, a hormone that acts on various organs to keep blood sugar levels within a healthy range. These cells cluster in small ‘islets’ inside our pancreas. If the number of working β-cells declines, diseases such as diabetes may appear and it becomes difficult to regulate the amount of sugar in our bodies. Understanding how β-cells normally develop and mature in the embryo could help us learn how to make new ones in the laboratory. In particular, researchers are interested in studying how different body signals, such as blood sugar levels, turn immature β-cells into fully productive cells. However, in mammals, the pancreas and its islets are buried deep inside the embryo and they cannot be observed easily. Here, Zhao et al. circumvented this problem by doing experiments on zebrafish embryos, which are transparent, grow outside their mother’s body, and have pancreatic islets that are similar to the ones found in mammals. A three-dimensional microscopy technique was used to watch individual β-cells activity over long periods, which revealed that the cells start being able to produce insulin at different times. The β-cells around the edge of each islet were the first to have access to blood sugar signals: they gained their hormone-producing role earlier than the cells in the core of an islet, which only sensed the information later on. Zhao et al. then exposed the zebrafish embryos to different amounts of sugar. This showed that there is an optimal concentration of sugar which helps β-cells develop by kick-starting a cascade of events inside the cell. Further experiments confirmed that the same pathway and optimal sugar concentration exist for mammalian islets grown in the laboratory. These findings may help researchers find better ways of making new β-cells to treat diabetic patients. In the future, using the three-dimensional imaging technique in zebrafish embryos may lead to more discoveries on how the pancreas matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijian Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,China Department of Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzhou Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Runlong Wu
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuzeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Papin J, Zummo FP, Pachera N, Guay C, Regazzi R, Cardozo AK, Herchuelz A. Na +/Ca 2+ Exchanger a Druggable Target to Promote β-Cell Proliferation and Function. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:631-645. [PMID: 29942927 PMCID: PMC6009611 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An important feature of type 2 diabetes is a decrease in β-cell mass. Therefore, it is essential to find new approaches to stimulate β-cell proliferation. We have previously shown that heterozygous inactivation of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (isoform 1; NCX1), a protein responsible for Ca2+ extrusion from cells, increases β-cell proliferation, mass, and function in mice. Here, we show that Ncx1 inactivation also increases β-cell proliferation in 2-year-old mice and that NCX1 inhibition in adult mice by four small molecules of the benzoxyphenyl family stimulates β-cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. NCX1 inhibition by small interfering RNA or small molecules activates the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway and inhibits apoptosis induced by the immunosuppressors cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus in insulin-producing cell. Moreover, NCX1 inhibition increases the expression of β-cell-specific genes, such as Ins1, Ins2, and Pdx1, and inactivates/downregulates the tumor suppressors retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and miR-193a and the cell cycle inhibitor p53. Our data show that Na+/Ca2+ exchange is a druggable target to stimulate β-cell function and proliferation. Specific β-cell inhibition of Na+/Ca2+ exchange by phenoxybenzamyl derivatives may represent an innovative approach to promote β-cell regeneration in diabetes and improve the efficiency of pancreatic islet transplantation for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Papin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesco Paolo Zummo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Pachera
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudiane Guay
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra K Cardozo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - André Herchuelz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Blanco F, Heinonen SE, Gurzeler E, Berglund LM, Dutius Andersson AM, Kotova O, Jönsson-Rylander AC, Ylä-Herttuala S, Gomez MF. In vivo inhibition of nuclear factor of activated T-cells leads to atherosclerotic plaque regression in IGF-II/LDLR -/-ApoB 100/100 mice. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:302-313. [PMID: 29499628 PMCID: PMC6039864 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118759220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite vast clinical experience linking diabetes and atherosclerosis, the molecular mechanisms leading to accelerated vascular damage are still unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of nuclear factor of activated T-cells inhibition on plaque burden in a novel mouse model of type 2 diabetes that better replicates human disease. METHODS & RESULTS IGF-II/LDLR-/-ApoB100/100 mice were generated by crossbreeding low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice that synthesize only apolipoprotein B100 (LDLR-/-ApoB100/100) with transgenic mice overexpressing insulin-like growth factor-II in pancreatic β cells. Mice have mild hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia and develop complex atherosclerotic lesions. In vivo treatment with the nuclear factor of activated T-cells blocker A-285222 for 4 weeks reduced atherosclerotic plaque area and degree of stenosis in the brachiocephalic artery of IGF-II/LDLR-/-ApoB100/100 mice, as assessed non-invasively using ultrasound biomicroscopy prior and after treatment, and histologically after termination. Treatment had no impact on plaque composition (i.e. muscle, collagen, macrophages). The reduced plaque area could not be explained by effects of A-285222 on plasma glucose, insulin or lipids. Inhibition of nuclear factor of activated T-cells was associated with increased expression of atheroprotective NOX4 and of the anti-oxidant enzyme catalase in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSION Targeting the nuclear factor of activated T-cells signalling pathway may be an attractive approach for the treatment of diabetic macrovascular complications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apolipoprotein B-100
- Apolipoproteins B/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins B/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Brachiocephalic Trunk/drug effects
- Brachiocephalic Trunk/metabolism
- Brachiocephalic Trunk/pathology
- Catalase/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/deficiency
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism
- NFATC Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Blanco
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Departamento de Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Suvi E Heinonen
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erika Gurzeler
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lisa M Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maria Dutius Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olga Kotova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ann-Cathrine Jönsson-Rylander
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria F Gomez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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16
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Tang JS, Li QR, Li JM, Wu JR, Zeng R. Systematic Synergy of Glucose and GLP-1 to Stimulate Insulin Secretion Revealed by Quantitative Phosphoproteomics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1018. [PMID: 28432305 PMCID: PMC5430885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
GLP-1 synergizes with glucose in regulating pancreatic β-cell function, including facilitating β-cell survival and insulin secretion. Though it has been widely accepted that phosphorylation is extremely important in regulating β-cell functions, our knowledge to the global mechanism is still limited. Here we performed a quantitative phosphoproteomics study to systematically present the synergistic regulation of INS-1E cell phosphoproteome mediated by glucose and GLP-1. We generated the largest pancreatic β-cell phosphoproteome by identifying 25,327 accurately localized phosphorylation sites on 5,389 proteins. Our results discovered several novel kinases regulated by glucose, GLP-1 or their synergism, and some of these kinases might act as downstream molecules of GLP-1 mediated PKA signaling cascade. A few phosphosites were regulated by both GLP-1 and glucose alone, and these target proteins were highly related to their biological function on pancreatic β-cells. Finally, we found glucose and GLP-1 executed their synergistic effect at multiple levels, especially at pathway level. Both GLP-1 and glucose participated in regulating every single step of the secretion pathway, and systematically synergized their effects in inducing insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing-Run Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jia-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jia-Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Department of Life Sciences, ShanghaiTech University, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Department of Life Sciences, ShanghaiTech University, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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17
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Pharmacogenetics of posttransplant diabetes mellitus. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 17:209-221. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Juvvadi PR, Lee SC, Heitman J, Steinbach WJ. Calcineurin in fungal virulence and drug resistance: Prospects for harnessing targeted inhibition of calcineurin for an antifungal therapeutic approach. Virulence 2017; 8:186-197. [PMID: 27325145 PMCID: PMC5354160 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1201250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in the incidence and mortality due to the major invasive fungal infections such as aspergillosis, candidiasis and cryptococcosis caused by the species of Aspergillus, Candida and Cryptococcus, are a growing threat to the immunosuppressed patient population. In addition to the limited armamentarium of the current classes of antifungal agents available (pyrimidine analogs, polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins), their toxicity, efficacy and the emergence of resistance are major bottlenecks limiting successful patient outcomes. Although these drugs target distinct fungal pathways, there is an urgent need to develop new antifungals that are more efficacious, fungal-specific, with reduced or no toxicity and simultaneously do not induce resistance. Here we review several lines of evidence which indicate that the calcineurin signaling pathway, a target of the immunosuppressive drugs FK506 and cyclosporine A, orchestrates growth, virulence and drug resistance in a variety of fungal pathogens and can be exploited for novel antifungal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen R. Juvvadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Soo Chan Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William J. Steinbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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19
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Halden TAS, Egeland EJ, Åsberg A, Hartmann A, Midtvedt K, Khiabani HZ, Holst JJ, Knop FK, Hornum M, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Jenssen T. GLP-1 Restores Altered Insulin and Glucagon Secretion in Posttransplantation Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:617-24. [PMID: 26908914 DOI: 10.2337/dc15-2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Development of posttransplantation diabetes (PTDM) is characterized by reduced insulin secretion and sensitivity. We aimed to investigate whether hyperglucagonemia could play a role in PTDM and to examine the insulinotropic and glucagonostatic effects of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) during fasting and hyperglycemic conditions, respectively. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Renal transplant recipients with (n = 12) and without (n = 12) PTDM underwent two separate experimental days with 3-h intravenous infusions of GLP-1 (0.8 pmol/kg/min) and saline, respectively. After 1 h of infusion, a 2-h hyperglycemic clamp (fasting plasma glucose + 5 mmol/L) was established. Five grams of arginine was given as an intravenous bolus 10 min before termination of the clamp. RESULTS Fasting concentrations of glucagon (P = 0.92) and insulin (P = 0.23) were similar between the groups. In PTDM patients, glucose-induced glucagon suppression was significantly less pronounced (maximal suppression from baseline: 43 ± 12 vs. 65 ± 12%, P < 0.001), while first- and second-phase insulin secretion were significantly lower. The PTDM group also exhibited a significantly lower insulin response to arginine (P = 0.01) but similar glucagon and proinsulin responses compared with control subjects. In the preclamp phase, GLP-1 lowered fasting plasma glucose to the same extent in both groups but reduced glucagon only in PTDM patients. During hyperglycemic clamp, GLP-1 reduced glucagon concentrations and increased first- and second-phase insulin secretion in both groups. CONCLUSIONS PTDM is characterized by reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion and attenuated glucagon suppression during a hyperglycemic clamp. Similar to the case in type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 infusion seems to improve (insulin) or even normalize (glucagon) these pathophysiological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea A S Halden
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend J Egeland
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Norwegian Renal Registry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Hartmann
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Midtvedt
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hassan Z Khiabani
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Mads Hornum
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trond Jenssen
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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20
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Simmonds MJ. Using Genetic Variation to Predict and Extend Long-term Kidney Transplant Function. Transplantation 2016; 99:2038-48. [PMID: 26262502 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal transplantation has transformed the life of patients with end-stage renal disease and other chronic kidney disorders by returning endogenous kidney function and enabling patients to cease dialysis. Several clinical indicators of graft outcome and long-term function have been established. Although rising creatinine levels and graft biopsy can be used to determine graft loss, identifying early predictors of graft function will not only improve our ability to predict long-term graft outcome but importantly provide a window of opportunity to therapeutically intervene to preserve graft function before graft failure has occurred. Since understanding the importance of matching genetic variation at the HLA region between donors and recipients and translating this into clinical practise to improve transplant outcome, much focus has been placed on trying to identify additional genetic predictors of transplant outcome/function. This review will focus on how candidate gene studies have identified variants within immunosuppression, immune response, fibrotic pathways, and specific ethnic groups, which correlate with graft outcome. We will also discuss the challenges faced by candidate gene studies, such as differences in donor and recipient selection criteria and use of small data sets, which have led to many genes failing to be consistently associated with transplant outcome. This review will also look at how recent advances in our understanding of and ability to screen the genome are starting to provide new insights into the mechanisms behind long-term graft loss and with it the opportunity to target these pathways therapeutically to ultimately increase graft lifespan and the associated benefits to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Simmonds
- 1 Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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TRPV6 channel modulates proliferation of insulin secreting INS-1E beta cell line. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:3202-10. [PMID: 26384871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6) is a non-selective cation channel with high permeability for Ca²⁺ ions. So far, the role of TRPV6 in pancreatic beta cells is unknown. In the present study, we characterized the role of TRPV6 in controlling calcium signaling, cell proliferation as well as insulin expression, and secretion in experimental INS-1E beta cell model. TRPV6 protein production was downregulated using siRNA by approx. 70%, as detected by Western blot. Intracellular free Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]i) was measured by fluorescence Ca²⁺ imaging using fura-2. Calcineurin/NFAT signaling was analyzed using a NFAT reporter assay as well as a calcineurin activity assay. TRPV6 downregulation resulted in impaired cellular calcium influx. Its downregulation also reduced cell proliferation and decreased insulin mRNA expression. These changes were companied by the inhibition of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling. In contrast, insulin exocytosis was not affected by TRPV6 downregulation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time the expression of TRPV6 in INS-1E cells and rat pancreatic beta cells and describes its role in modulating calcium signaling, beta cell proliferation and insulin mRNA expression. In contrast, TRPV6 fails to influence insulin secretion.
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22
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Malvezzi P, Rostaing L. The safety of calcineurin inhibitors for kidney-transplant patients. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2015; 14:1531-46. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1083974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Oh YS, Shin S, Li HY, Park EY, Lee SM, Choi CS, Lim Y, Jung HS, Jun HS. Betacellulin ameliorates hyperglycemia in obese diabetic db/db mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:1235-45. [PMID: 26070436 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We found that administration of a recombinant adenovirus (rAd) expressing betacellulin (BTC) into obese diabetic db/db mice ameliorated hyperglycemia. Exogenous glucose clearance was significantly improved, and serum insulin levels were significantly higher in rAd-BTC-treated mice than rAd-β-gal-treated control mice. rAd-BTC treatment increased insulin/bromodeoxyuridine double-positive cells in the islets, and islets from rAd-BTC-treated mice exhibited a significant increase in the level of G1-S phase-related cyclins as compared with control mice. In addition, BTC treatment increased messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of these cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in MIN-6 cells. BTC treatment induced intracellular Ca(2+) levels through phospholipase C-γ1 activation, and upregulated calcineurin B (CnB1) levels as well as calcineurin activity. Upregulation of CnB1 by BTC treatment was observed in isolated islet cells from db/db mice. When treated with CnB1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in MIN-6 cells and isolated islets, induction of cell cycle regulators by BTC treatment was blocked and consequently reduced BTC-induced cell viability. As well as BTC's effects on cell survival and insulin secretion, our findings demonstrate a novel pathway by which BTC controls beta-cell regeneration in the obese diabetic condition by regulating G1-S phase cell cycle expression through Ca(2+) signaling pathways. KEY MESSAGES Administration of BTC to db/db mice results in amelioration of hyperglycemia. BTC stimulates beta-cell proliferation in db/db mice. Ca(2+) signaling was involved in BTC-induced beta-cell proliferation. BTC has an anti-apoptotic effect and potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Sin Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Hui Ying Li
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Song Mi Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Chonnam, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea. .,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea. .,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
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24
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Cambios en la homeostasis de la glucosa y la proliferación de la célula beta pancreática tras el cambio a ciclosporina en la diabetes inducida por tacrolimus. Nefrologia 2015; 35:264-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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25
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Juvvadi PR, Lamoth F, Steinbach WJ. Calcineurin as a Multifunctional Regulator: Unraveling Novel Functions in Fungal Stress Responses, Hyphal Growth, Drug Resistance, and Pathogenesis. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2014; 28:56-69. [PMID: 25383089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin signaling plays diverse roles in fungi in regulating stress responses, morphogenesis and pathogenesis. Although calcineurin signaling is conserved among fungi, recent studies indicate important divergences in calcineurin-dependent cellular functions among different human fungal pathogens. Fungal pathogens utilize the calcineurin pathway to effectively survive the host environment and cause life-threatening infections. The immunosuppressive calcineurin inhibitors (FK506 and cyclosporine A) are active against fungi, making targeting calcineurin a promising antifungal drug development strategy. Here we summarize current knowledge on calcineurin in yeasts and filamentous fungi, and review the importance of understanding fungal-specific attributes of calcineurin to decipher fungal pathogenesis and develop novel antifungal therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen R Juvvadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
| | - Frédéric Lamoth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA ; Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland ; Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William J Steinbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
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26
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Abstract
Calcium ions are ubiquitous intracellular messengers. An increase in the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration activates many proteins, including calmodulin and the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin. The phosphatase is conserved from yeast to humans (except in plants), and many target proteins of calcineurin have been identified. The most prominent and best-investigated targets, however, are the transcription factors NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) in mammals and Crz1 (calcineurin-responsive zinc finger 1) in yeast. In recent years, many orthologues of Crz1 have been identified and characterized in various species of fungi, amoebae, and other lower eukaryotes. It has been shown that the functions of calcineurin-Crz1 signaling, ranging from ion homeostasis through cell wall biogenesis to the building of filamentous structures, are conserved in the different organisms. Furthermore, frequency-modulated gene expression through Crz1 has been discovered as a striking new mechanism by which cells can coordinate their response to a signal. In this review, I focus on the latest findings concerning calcineurin-Crz1 signaling in fungi, amoebae and other lower eukaryotes. I discuss the potential of Crz1 and its orthologues as putative drug targets, and I also discuss possible parallels with calcineurin-NFAT signaling in mammals.
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27
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Li ZT, Huang HF, Zeng Z. Pathogenesis and management of FK506- and CsA-induced post-transplant diabetes mellitus: Similarities and differences. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:1093-1100. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i8.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine (CsA) are clinically commonly used immunosuppressive agents, and both of them belong to calcineurin inhibitors. FK506 is more excellent in anti-rejection therapy. They are similar in pharmacological mechanism, but FK506 is more likely to induce post-transplant diabetes mellitus than CsA. This paper analyzes and compares the similarities and differences in the pathogenesis and management between FK506- and CsA-induced post-transplant diabetes mellitus.
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28
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Using a genetically encoded FRET-based reporter to visualize calcineurin phosphatase activity in living cells. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1071:139-49. [PMID: 24052386 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-622-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed protein phosphatase that serves as a major effector of Ca(2+) signals, regulating diverse biological processes such as gene expression, tissue differentiation, immune responses, and neural plasticity. The following method describes how to monitor real-time calcineurin activity in cultured mammalian cells using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based activity reporter.
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29
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Wang R, McGrath BC, Kopp RF, Roe MW, Tang X, Chen G, Cavener DR. Insulin secretion and Ca2+ dynamics in β-cells are regulated by PERK (EIF2AK3) in concert with calcineurin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33824-33836. [PMID: 24114838 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.503664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) (EIF2AK3) is essential for normal development and function of the insulin-secreting β-cell. Although genetic ablation of PERK in β-cells results in permanent neonatal diabetes in humans and mice, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we used a newly developed and highly specific inhibitor of PERK to determine the immediate effects of acute ablation of PERK activity. We found that inhibition of PERK in human and rodent β-cells causes a rapid inhibition of secretagogue-stimulated subcellular Ca(2+) signaling and insulin secretion. These dysfunctions stem from alterations in store-operated Ca(2+) entry and sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase activity. We also found that PERK regulates calcineurin, and pharmacological inhibition of calcineurin results in similar defects on stimulus-secretion coupling. Our findings suggest that interplay between calcineurin and PERK regulates β-cell Ca(2+) signaling and insulin secretion, and that loss of this interaction may have profound implications in insulin secretion defects associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Biology, Center of Cellular Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Barbara C McGrath
- Department of Biology, Center of Cellular Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Richard F Kopp
- Department of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Michael W Roe
- Department of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Biology, Center of Cellular Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Biology, Center of Cellular Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Douglas R Cavener
- Department of Biology, Center of Cellular Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania 16802.
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30
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez AE, Triñanes J, Velazquez-Garcia S, Porrini E, Vega Prieto MJ, Diez Fuentes ML, Arevalo M, Salido Ruiz E, Torres A. The higher diabetogenic risk of tacrolimus depends on pre-existing insulin resistance. A study in obese and lean Zucker rats. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:1665-75. [PMID: 23651473 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance may interact with calcineurin inhibitors, enhancing the diabetogenic effect of tacrolimus compared with cyclosporine-A. We studied both drugs in insulin-resistant animals: obese Zucker rats (n = 45), and insulin-sensitive animals: lean Zucker rats (n = 21). During 11 days, animals received saline-buffer, cyclosporine-A (2.5 mg/kg/day) or tacrolimus (0.3 mg/kg/day). At Days 0 and 12 animals underwent intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (0-30-60-120 min). Islet morphometry, beta-cell proliferation, apoptosis and Ins2 gene expression were analyzed. By Day 12, no lean animal had developed diabetes, while all obese animals on tacrolimus and 40% on cyclosporine-A had. In obese animals, tacrolimus reduced beta-cell proliferation and Ins2 gene expression compared with cyclosporine-A. Five days after treatment discontinuation, partial recovery was observed, with only 10% and 60% of the animals on cyclosporine and tacrolimus remaining diabetic respectively. Beta-cell proliferation increased in animals on tacrolimus while Ins2 gene expression remained unaltered. In conclusion, insulin resistance exacerbated the diabetogenic effect of tacrolimus compared with cyclosporine-A. This may be explained by greater inhibition of Ins2 gene and beta-cell proliferation by tacrolimus in the insulin resistant state. Discontinuation of the drugs may allow the recovery of the metabolic alterations.
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31
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Vasu S, McClenaghan NH, McCluskey JT, Flatt PR. Cellular responses of novel human pancreatic β-cell line, 1.1B4 to hyperglycemia. Islets 2013; 5:170-7. [PMID: 23985558 DOI: 10.4161/isl.26184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel human-derived pancreatic β-cell line, 1.1B4 exhibits insulin secretion and β-cell enriched gene expression. Recent investigations of the cellular responses of this novel cell line to lipotoxicity and cytokine toxicity revealed similarities to primary human β cells. The current study has investigated the responses of 1.1B4 cells to chronic 48 and 72 h exposure to hyperglycemia to probe mechanisms of human β-cell dysfunction and cell death. Exposure to 25 mM glucose significantly reduced insulin content (p<0.05) and glucokinase activity (p<0.01) after 72 h. Basal insulin release was unaffected but acute secretory response to 16.7 mM glucose was impaired (p<0.05). Insulin release stimulated by alanine, GLP-1, KCl, elevated Ca (2+) and forskolin was also markedly reduced after exposure to hyperglycemia (p<0.001). In addition, PDX1 protein expression was reduced by 58% by high glucose (p<0.05). Effects of hyperglycemia on secretory function were accompanied by decreased mRNA expression of INS, GCK, PCSK1, PCSK2, PPP3CB, GJA1, ABCC8, and KCNJ11. In contrast, exposure to hyperglycemia upregulated the transcription of GPX1, an antioxidant enzyme involved in detoxification of hydrogen peroxide and HSPA4, a molecular chaperone involved in ER stress response. Hyperglycemia-induced DNA damage was demonstrated by increased % tail DNA and olive tail moment, assessed by comet assay. Hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis was evident from increased activity of caspase 3/7 and decreased BCL2 protein. These observations reveal significant changes in cellular responses and gene expression in novel human pancreatic 1.1B4 β cells exposed to hyperglycemia, illustrating the usefulness of this novel human-derived cell line for studying human β-cell biology and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Vasu
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes; University of Ulster; Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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32
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Krautz C, Wolk S, Steffen A, Knoch KP, Ceglarek U, Thiery J, Bornstein S, Saeger HD, Solimena M, Kersting S. Effects of immunosuppression on alpha and beta cell renewal in transplanted mouse islets. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1596-604. [PMID: 23532258 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Immunosuppressive drugs used in human islet transplantation interfere with the balance between beta cell renewal and death, and thus may contribute to progressive graft dysfunction. We analysed the influence of immunosuppressants on the proliferation of transplanted alpha and beta cells after syngeneic islet transplantation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. METHODS C57BL/6 diabetic mice were transplanted with syngeneic islets in the liver and simultaneously abdominally implanted with a mini-osmotic pump delivering BrdU alone or together with an immunosuppressant (tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus or mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]). Glycaemic control was assessed for 4 weeks. The area and proliferation of transplanted alpha and beta cells were subsequently quantified. RESULTS After 4 weeks, glycaemia was significantly higher in treated mice than in controls. Insulinaemia was significantly lower in mice treated with everolimus, tacrolimus and sirolimus. MMF was the only immunosuppressant that did not significantly reduce beta cell area or proliferation, albeit its levels were in a lower range than those used in clinical settings. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION After transplantation in diabetic mice, syngeneic beta cells have a strong capacity for self-renewal. In contrast to other immunosuppressants, MMF neither impaired beta cell proliferation nor adversely affected the fractional beta cell area. Although human beta cells are less prone to proliferate compared with rodent beta cells, the use of MMF may improve the long-term outcome of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Krautz
- Department of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Goodyer WR, Gu X, Liu Y, Bottino R, Crabtree GR, Kim SK. Neonatal β cell development in mice and humans is regulated by calcineurin/NFAT. Dev Cell 2012; 23:21-34. [PMID: 22814600 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms governing neonatal growth and maturation of organs. Here we demonstrate that calcineurin/Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (Cn/NFAT) signaling regulates neonatal pancreatic development in mouse and human islets. Inactivation of calcineurin b1 (Cnb1) in mouse islets impaired dense core granule biogenesis, decreased insulin secretion, and reduced cell proliferation and mass, culminating in lethal diabetes. Pancreatic β cells lacking Cnb1 failed to express genes revealed to be direct NFAT targets required for replication, insulin storage, and secretion. In contrast, glucokinase activation stimulated Cn-dependent expression of these genes. Calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus, used for human immunosuppression, induce diabetes. Tacrolimus exposure reduced Cn/NFAT-dependent expression of factors essential for insulin dense core granule formation and secretion and neonatal β cell proliferation, consistent with our genetic studies. Discovery of conserved pathways regulating β cell maturation and proliferation suggests new strategies for controlling β cell growth or replacement in human islet diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Goodyer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Herchuelz A, Nguidjoe E, Jiang L, Pachera N. β-Cell preservation and regeneration in diabetes by modulation of β-cell Ca²⁺ homeostasis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14 Suppl 3:136-42. [PMID: 22928574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) extrusion from the β-cell is mediated by two processes the Na/Ca exchanger (NCX) and the plasma membrane Ca(2+) -ATPase (PMCA). Gain of function studies show that overexpression of NCX or PMCA leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) depletion with subsequent ER stress, decrease in β-cell proliferation and β-cell death by apoptosis. Interestingly, chronic exposure to cytokines or high free fatty acid concentrations also induce ER Ca(2+) depletion and β-cell death in diabetes. Loss of function studies show, on the contrary, that heterozygous inactivation of NCX1 (Ncx1(+/-)) leads to an increase in β-cell function (insulin production and release), and a fivefold increase in both β-cell mass and proliferation. The mutation also increases β-cell resistance to hypoxia, and Ncx1(+/-) islets show a two to four times higher rate of diabetes cure than Ncx1(+/+) islets when transplanted in diabetic animals. Thus, down-regulation of the Na/Ca exchanger leads to various changes in β-cell function that are opposite to the major abnormalities seen in diabetes. This provides a unique model for the prevention and treatment of β-cell dysfunction in diabetes and following islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herchuelz
- Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapeutique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médicine, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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Dong M, Parsaik AK, Eberhardt NL, Basu A, Cosio FG, Kudva YC. Cellular and physiological mechanisms of new-onset diabetes mellitus after solid organ transplantation. Diabet Med 2012; 29:e1-12. [PMID: 22364599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
New-onset diabetes after transplantation is recognized as one of the metabolic consequences which may increase the risk of morbidity and mortality after solid organ transplantation. The pathophysiology of new-onset diabetes after transplantation has not been clearly defined and may resemble that of Type 2 diabetes, characterized by predominantly insulin resistance or defective insulin secretion, or both. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the prevalence, consequences, pathogenesis, and management of new-onset diabetes after transplantation, with a major focus on the possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder. The aetiology of new-onset diabetes after transplantation is multifactorial, with diabetogenic immunosuppressive drugs playing a major role. Multiple cellular and physiologic mechanisms are involved in the process. Selection of an appropriate maintenance immunosuppressive regimen should involve balancing the risk of patient and graft survival vs. the potential for new-onset diabetes after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Yates CJ, Fourlanos S, Hjelmesaeth J, Colman PG, Cohney SJ. New-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation-changes and challenges. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:820-8. [PMID: 22123607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial improvement in short-term results after kidney transplantation, increases in long-term graft survival have been modest. A significant impediment has been the morbidity and mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD). New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. This review examines recent literature surrounding diagnosis, outcomes and management of NODAT. Amongst otherwise heterogeneous studies, a common finding is the relative insensitivity of fasting blood glucose (FBG) as a screening test. Incorporating self-testing of afternoon capillary BG and glycohemoglobin (HbA(1c) ) detects many cases that would otherwise remain undetected without the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Assessing the impact of NODAT on patient and graft survival is complicated by changes to diagnostic criteria, evolution of immunosuppressive regimens and increasing attention to cardiovascular risk management. Although recent studies reinforce a link between NODAT and death with a functioning graft (DWFG), there seems to be little effect on death-censored graft loss. The significance of glycemic control and diabetes resolution for patient outcomes remain notably absent from NODAT literature and treatment is also a neglected area. This review examines new and old therapeutic options, emphasizing the need to assess β-cell pathology in customizing therapy. Finally, areas warranting further research are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Yates
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
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Choi EK, Kim KS, Yang HJ, Shin MH, Suh HW, Lee KB, Ahn KS, Um JY, Lee SG, Lee BC, Jang HJ. Hexane fraction of Citrus aurantium L. stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion via membrane depolarization in NCI-H716 cells. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-012-6106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Genetic polymorphisms of the transcription factor NFATc4 and development of new-onset diabetes after transplantation in Hispanic kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation 2012; 93:325-30. [PMID: 22234350 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31823f7f26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family regulate both immune activation and insulin production. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) target NFAT activation. Hence, CNIs not only prevent organ transplant rejection but also contribute to the development of new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT). Given individual variation in the susceptibility to NODAT, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in the cytoplasmic NFAT (NFATc)4 gene, which is expressed in pancreatic islets, may be associated with NODAT. Haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NFATc4 gene were genotyped in Hispanic renal transplant patients. Cumulative incidences of NODAT were compared between recipients of different NFATc4 genotypes and haplotypes. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine risks for NODAT. Nongenetic and genetic characteristics were included in the multivariate risk model. The SNP (rs10141896) T allele was associated with a lower cumulative incidence of NODAT (P=0.02). This is a tagging SNP for one of the five dominant NFATc4 haplotypes, T-T-T-T-G, and CNI-treated recipients with this haplotype had a reduced adjusted risk for NODAT (hazard ratio: 0.45; 95% confidence interval: 0.19-1.01). Conversely, patients homozygous for the C-C-C-G-G haplotype were at an increased risk (hazard ratio: 2.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-4.46) for NODAT in subanalysis. Of the nongenetic factors, use of tacrolimus, sirolimus, and older age were associated with increased risk for NODAT. Polymorphisms in the NFATc4 gene may confer certain protection or predisposition for NODAT.
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Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase enzyme calcineurin (Cn) (protein phosphatase 3) is best known for its role as director of the adaptive immune response. One of its principal substrates is the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which translocates to the nucleus after dephosphorylation to mediate gene transcription. Drugs targeting Cn (the Cn inhibitors tacrolimus and cyclosporin A) have revolutionized posttransplantation therapy in allograft recipients by considerably reducing rejection rates.
CONTENT
Owing primarily to intensive study of the side effects of the Cn inhibitors, the unique importance of Cn and Cn/NFAT signaling in the normal physiological processes of many other cell and tissue types is becoming more evident. During the last decade, it has become clear that an extensive and diverse array of clinical conditions can be traced back, at least in part, to a disturbed Cn-signaling axis. Hence, both diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring could benefit from a technique that conveniently reads out Cn/NFAT operative status.
SUMMARY
This review outlines the current knowledge on the pathologic conditions that have calcineurin as a common denominator and reports on the progress that has been made toward successfully applying Cn and Cn/NFAT activity markers in molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben E A Musson
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and
- Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Wang P, Hudspeth E. Increased body mass index but not common vitamin D receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, or cytokine polymorphisms confers predisposition to posttransplant diabetes. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2012; 135:1581-4. [PMID: 22129188 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0160-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a major complication after solid organ transplantation. The use of corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, especially tacrolimus, are significant risk factors. However, it is not clear what genetic factors modify the risk. Evidence suggests vitamin D deficiency, perturbed glucose homeostasis, and increased inflammation all play roles in the development of diabetes. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether common vitamin D receptor (VDR), cytokine, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) polymorphisms are correlated with the development of PTDM. DESIGN DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of 51 kidney transplant recipients with PTDM and 72 patients without diabetes pretransplant or posttransplant at the time of follow-up. The genotypes for 5 polymorphisms, 1 each in VDR, PPARγ, INFγ, TGFβ1, and TNF, were determined using direct sequencing. Age, sex, number of acute rejection episodes, follow-up length, ethnicity, body mass index, and the frequency of alleles and genotypes for each polymorphism were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS Body mass index was the only factor that was statistically different between the 2 groups (P = .001). The frequency of different alleles and genotypes for each of the 5 polymorphisms did not differ between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that increased body mass index is a significant risk factor for the development of PTDM. However, none of the genetic polymorphisms studied confer predisposition to PTDM with the current sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Nguidjoe E, Sokolow S, Bigabwa S, Pachera N, D'Amico E, Allagnat F, Vanderwinden JM, Sener A, Manto M, Depreter M, Mast J, Joanny G, Montanya E, Rahier J, Cardozo AK, Eizirik DL, Schurmans S, Herchuelz A. Heterozygous inactivation of the Na/Ca exchanger increases glucose-induced insulin release, β-cell proliferation, and mass. Diabetes 2011; 60:2076-85. [PMID: 21659499 PMCID: PMC3142081 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously shown that overexpression of the Na-Ca exchanger (NCX1), a protein responsible for Ca(2+) extrusion from cells, increases β-cell programmed cell death (apoptosis) and reduces β-cell proliferation. To further characterize the role of NCX1 in β-cells under in vivo conditions, we developed and characterized mice deficient for NCX1. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Biologic and morphologic methods (Ca(2+) imaging, Ca(2+) uptake, glucose metabolism, insulin release, and point counting morphometry) were used to assess β-cell function in vitro. Blood glucose and insulin levels were measured to assess glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in vivo. Islets were transplanted under the kidney capsule to assess their performance to revert diabetes in alloxan-diabetic mice. RESULTS Heterozygous inactivation of Ncx1 in mice induced an increase in glucose-induced insulin release, with a major enhancement of its first and second phase. This was paralleled by an increase in β-cell proliferation and mass. The mutation also increased β-cell insulin content, proinsulin immunostaining, glucose-induced Ca(2+) uptake, and β-cell resistance to hypoxia. In addition, Ncx1(+/-) islets showed a two- to four-times higher rate of diabetes cure than Ncx1(+/+) islets when transplanted into diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of the Na/Ca exchanger leads to an increase in β-cell function, proliferation, mass, and resistance to physiologic stress, namely to various changes in β-cell function that are opposite to the major abnormalities seen in type 2 diabetes. This provides a unique model for the prevention and treatment of β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and after islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrard Nguidjoe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Sokolow
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Bigabwa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Pachera
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva D'Amico
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Vanderwinden
- Laboratory of Experimental Hormonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Abdullah Sener
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine (IRIBHM-IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mario Manto
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marianne Depreter
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, VAR-CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Mast
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, VAR-CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geraldine Joanny
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Experimental Endocrinology, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge–University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Montanya
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Experimental Endocrinology, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge–University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacques Rahier
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra K. Cardozo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Décio L. Eizirik
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Schurmans
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - André Herchuelz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding author: André Herchuelz,
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Unique cellular and mitochondrial defects mediate FK506-induced islet β-cell dysfunction. Transplantation 2011; 91:615-23. [PMID: 21200364 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3182094a33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine biological mechanisms involved in posttransplantation diabetes mellitus caused by the immunosuppressant tacrolimus (FK506). METHODS INS-1 cells and isolated rat islets were incubated with vehicle or FK506 and harvested at 24-hr intervals. Cells were assessed for viability, apoptosis, proliferation, cell insulin secretion, and content. Gene expression studies by microarray analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and motifADE analysis of the microarray data identified potential FK506-mediated pathways and regulatory motifs. Mitochondrial functions, including cell respiration, mitochondrial content, and bioenergetics were assessed. RESULTS Cell replication, viability, insulin secretion, oxygen consumption, and mitochondrial content were decreased (P<0.05) 1.2-, 1.27-, 1.77-, 1.32-, and 1.43-fold, respectively, after 48-hr FK506 treatment. Differences increased with time. FK506 (50 ng/mL) and cyclosporine A (800 ng/mL) had comparable effects. FK506 significantly decreased mitochondrial content and mitochondrial bioenergetics and showed a trend toward decreased oxygen consumption in isolated islets. Cell apoptosis and proliferation, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and ATP:ADP ratios were not significantly affected. Pathway analysis of microarray data showed FK506 modification of pathways involving ATP metabolism, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeleton remodeling. PGC1-α mRNA was down-regulated by FK506. MotifADE identified nuclear factor of activated T-cells, an important mediator of β-cell survival and function, as a potential factor mediating both up- and down-regulation of gene expression. CONCLUSIONS At pharmacologically relevant concentrations, FK506 decreases insulin secretion and reduces mitochondrial density and function without changing apoptosis rates, suggesting that posttransplantation diabetes induced by FK506 may be mediated by its effects on mitochondrial function.
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Calcineurin increases glucose activation of ERK1/2 by reversing negative feedback. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:22314-9. [PMID: 21135229 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016630108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic β cells, ERK1 and ERK2 participate in nutrient sensing, and their activities rise and fall as a function of glucose concentration over the physiologic range. Glucose metabolism triggers calcium influx and release of calcium from intracellular stores to activate ERK1/2. Calcium influx also activates the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, which is required for maximal ERK1/2 activation by glucose. Calcineurin controls insulin gene expression by ERK1/2-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Here, we show that, in β cells, glucose activates the ERK1/2 cascade primarily through B-Raf. Glucose activation of B-Raf, like that of ERK1/2, is calcineurin-sensitive. Calcineurin binds to B-Raf in both unstimulated and stimulated cells. We show that B-Raf is a calcineurin substrate; among calcineurin target residues on B-Raf is T401, a site of negative feedback phosphorylation by ERK1/2. Blocking calcineurin activity in β cells prevents dephosphorylation of B-Raf T401 and decreases B-Raf and ERK1/2 activities. We conclude that the major calcineurin-dependent event in glucose sensing by ERK1/2 is the activation of B-Raf.
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Lawrence MC, Naziruddin B, Levy MF, Jackson A, McGlynn K. Calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells and MAPK signaling induce TNF-{alpha} gene expression in pancreatic islet endocrine cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:1025-36. [PMID: 21059644 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.158675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines contribute to pancreatic islet inflammation, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis and diabetic diseases. A plethora of data shows that proinflammatory cytokines are produced in pancreatic islets by infiltrating mononuclear immune cells. Here, we show that pancreatic islet α cells and β cells express tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and other cytokines capable of promoting islet inflammation when exposed to interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Cytokine expression by β cells was dependent on calcineurin (CN)/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and MAPK signaling. NFAT associated with the TNF-α promoter in response to stimuli and synergistically activated promoter activity with ATF2 and c-Jun. In contrast, the β-cell-specific transcriptional activator MafA could repress NFAT-mediated TNF-α gene expression whenever C/EBP-β was bound to the promoter. NFAT differentially regulated the TNF-α gene depending upon the expression and MAPK-dependent activation of interacting basic leucine zipper partners in β cells. Both p38 and JNK were required for induction of TNF-α mRNA and protein expression. Collectively, the data show that glucose and IL-1β can activate signaling pathways, which control induction and repression of cytokines in pancreatic endocrine cells. Thus, by these mechanisms, pancreatic β cells themselves may contribute to islet inflammation and their own immunological destruction in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
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Evolutionarily conserved role of calcineurin in phosphodegron-dependent degradation of phosphodiesterase 4D. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:4379-90. [PMID: 20647544 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01193-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin is a widely expressed and highly conserved Ser/Thr phosphatase. Calcineurin is inhibited by the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine A (CsA) or tacrolimus (FK506). The critical role of CsA/FK506 as an immunosuppressant following transplantation surgery provides a strong incentive to understand the phosphatase calcineurin. Here we uncover a novel regulatory pathway for cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling by the phosphatase calcineurin which is also evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that calcineurin binds directly to and inhibits the proteosomal degradation of cAMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D). We show that ubiquitin conjugation and proteosomal degradation of PDE4D are controlled by a cullin 1-containing E(3) ubiquitin ligase complex upon dual phosphorylation by casein kinase 1 (CK1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) in a phosphodegron motif. Our findings identify a novel signaling process governing G-protein-coupled cAMP signal transduction-opposing actions of the phosphatase calcineurin and the CK1/GSK3beta protein kinases on the phosphodegron-dependent degradation of PDE4D. This novel signaling system also provides unique functional insights into the complications elicited by CsA in transplant patients.
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Wee YM, Choi MY, Kang CH, Kim YH, Kim JH, Lee SK, Yu SY, Kim SC, Han DJ. The synergistic effect of Tautomycetin on Cyclosporine A-mediated immunosuppression in a rodent islet allograft model. Mol Med 2010; 16:298-306. [PMID: 20440443 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2009.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most immunosuppressive drugs that support successful allograft survival act by inhibiting or depleting T lymphocytes. Tautomycetin (TMC) is a specific inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1, which has a role in cell-cycle control and T-cell activation and promotes T-cell-specific apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effect on rat islet transplantation of TMC alone and in combination with cyclosporine A (CsA). TMC treatment inhibited splenocyte proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) without affecting cell viability. When used alone in islet allograft recipients, TMC did not significantly increase the survival of grafted islets. However, cotreatment of TMC and subtherapeutic doses of CsA significantly prolonged islet graft survival from 5.1 d to more than 100 d (P<0.05). At 100 d, there was no evidence of specific organ toxicity, and histological analyses of grafted liver tissue revealed the presence of viable islets. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration and interleukin (IL)-2 mRNA levels were decreased in TMC/CsA-cotreated rats, whereas IL-10 levels were increased. In addition, the number of FoxP3-expressing cells and FoxP3 mRNA levels were also increased. We suggest that CsA and TMC act synergistically to reduce the function of T-effector cells and enhance regulatory cell function in this islet allotransplantation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mee Wee
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Kim I, Kang ES, Yim YS, Ko SJ, Jeong SH, Rim JH, Kim YS, Ahn CW, Cha BS, Lee HC, Kim CH. A low-risk ZnT-8 allele (W325) for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus is protective against cyclosporin A-induced impairment of insulin secretion. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2010; 11:191-8. [PMID: 20351753 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2010.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SLC30A8 encodes the β-cell-specific zinc transporter-8 (ZnT-8) expressed in insulin secretory granules. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs13266634 of SLC30A8 is associated with susceptibility to post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM). We tested the hypothesis that the polymorphic residue at position 325 of ZnT-8 determines the susceptibility to cyclosporin A (CsA) suppression of insulin secretion. INS (insulinoma)-1E cells expressing the W325 variant showed enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and were less sensitive to CsA suppression of GSIS. A reduced number of insulin granule fusion events accompanied the decrease in insulin secretion in CsA-treated cells expressing ZnT-8 R325; however, ZnT-8 W325-expressing cells exhibited resistance to the dampening of insulin granule fusion by CsA, and transported zinc ions into secretory vesicles more efficiently. Both tacrolimus and rapamycin caused similar suppression of GSIS in cells expressing ZnT-8 R325. However, cells expressing ZnT-8 W325 were resistant to tacrolimus, but not to rapamycin. The Down's syndrome candidate region-1 (DSCR1), an endogenous calcineurin inhibitor, overexpression and subsequent calcineurin inhibition significantly reduced GSIS in cells expressing the R325 but not the W325 variant, suggesting that differing susceptibility to CsA may be due to different interactions with calcineurin. These data suggest that the ZnT-8 W325 variant is protective against CsA-induced suppression of insulin secretion. Tolerance of ZnT-8 W325 to calcineurin activity may account for its protective effect in PTDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Multiple chromatin-bound protein kinases assemble factors that regulate insulin gene transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:22181-6. [PMID: 20018749 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912596106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the onset of diabetes, pancreatic beta cells become unable to produce sufficient insulin to maintain blood glucose within the normal range. Proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in impaired beta cell function. To understand more about the molecular events that reduce insulin gene transcription, we examined the effects of hyperglycemia alone and together with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) on signal transduction pathways that regulate insulin gene transcription. Exposure to IL-1beta in fasting glucose activated multiple protein kinases that associate with the insulin gene promoter and transiently increased insulin gene transcription in beta cells. In contrast, cells exposed to hyperglycemic conditions were sensitized to the inhibitory actions of IL-1beta. Under these conditions, IL-1beta caused the association of the same protein kinases, but a different combination of transcription factors with the insulin gene promoter and began to reduce transcription within 2 h; stimulatory factors were lost, RNA polymerase II was lost, and inhibitory factors were bound to the promoter in a kinase-dependent manner.
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Nilsson-Berglund LM, Zetterqvist AV, Nilsson-Ohman J, Sigvardsson M, González Bosc LV, Smith ML, Salehi A, Agardh E, Fredrikson GN, Agardh CD, Nilsson J, Wamhoff BR, Hultgårdh-Nilsson A, Gomez MF. Nuclear factor of activated T cells regulates osteopontin expression in arterial smooth muscle in response to diabetes-induced hyperglycemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 30:218-24. [PMID: 19965778 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.199299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Recently, we reported that high glucose activates the Ca(2+)/calcineurin-dependent transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) in arteries ex vivo. Here, we sought to determine whether hyperglycemia activates NFAT in vivo and whether this leads to vascular complications. METHODS AND RESULTS An intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test in mice increased NFATc3 nuclear accumulation in vascular smooth muscle. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes resulted in increased NFATc3 transcriptional activity in arteries of NFAT-luciferase transgenic mice. Two NFAT-responsive sequences in the osteopontin (OPN) promoter were identified. This proinflammatory cytokine has been shown to exacerbate atherosclerosis and restenosis. Activation of NFAT resulted in increased OPN mRNA and protein in native arteries. Glucose-induced OPN expression was prevented by the ectonucleotidase apyrase, suggesting a mechanism involving the release of extracellular nucleotides. The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A or the novel NFAT blocker A-285222 prevented glucose-induced OPN expression. Furthermore, diabetes resulted in higher OPN expression, which was significantly decreased by in vivo treatment with A-285222 for 4 weeks or prevented in arteries from NFATc3(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS These results identify a glucose-sensitive transcription pathway in vivo, revealing a novel molecular mechanism that may underlie vascular complications of diabetes.
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Chahine MN, Pierce GN. Therapeutic Targeting of Nuclear Protein Import in Pathological Cell Conditions. Pharmacol Rev 2009; 61:358-72. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.108.000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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