1
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Tölke AJ, Gaisbauer JF, Gärtner YV, Steigenberger B, Holovan A, Streshnev F, Schneider S, Müller M, Carell T. Efficient Tandem Copper-Catalyzed Click Synthesis of Multisugar-Modified Oligonucleotides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405161. [PMID: 38606873 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acids in the form of siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides or mRNA are currently explored as new promising modalities in the pharmaceutical industry. Particularly, the success of mRNA-vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, along with the successful development of the first sugar-modified siRNA therapeutics has inspired the field. The development of nucleic acid therapeutics requires efficient chemistry to link oligonucleotides to chemical structures that can improve stability, boost cellular uptake, or enable specific targeting. For the siRNA therapeutics currently in use, modification of the 3'-end of the oligonucleotides with triple-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)3 was shown to be of significance. This modification is currently achieved through cumbersome multistep synthesis and subsequent loading onto the solid support material. Herein, we report the development of a bifunctional click-reactive linker that allows the modification of oligonucleotides in a tandem click reaction with multiple sugars, regardless of the position within the oligonucleotide, with remarkable efficiency and in a one-pot reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika J Tölke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia F Gaisbauer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Yasmin V Gärtner
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Steigenberger
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna Holovan
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Filip Streshnev
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Carell
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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2
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Cong D, Steinbuch KB, Koyama R, Lam TV, Lam JY, Tor Y. Site-specific RNA modification via initiation of in vitro transcription reactions with m 6A and isomorphic emissive adenosine analogs. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:454-458. [PMID: 38725913 PMCID: PMC11078205 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00045e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The templated enzymatic incorporation of adenosine and its analogs, including m6A, thA and tzA into RNA transcripts, has been explored. Enforced transcription initiation with excess free nucleosides and the native triphosphates generates 5'-end modified transcripts, which can be 5'-phosphorylated and ligated to provide full length, singly modified RNA oligomers. To explore structural integrity, functionality and utility of the resulting non-canonical purine-containing RNA constructs, a MazF RNA hairpin substrate has been synthesized and analyzed for its susceptibility to this endonuclease. Additionally, RNA substrates, containing a singly incorporated isomorphic emissive nucleoside, can be used to monitor the enzymatic reactions in real-time by steady state fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyuan Cong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California 92093-0358 USA
| | - Kfir B Steinbuch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California 92093-0358 USA
| | - Ryosuke Koyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California 92093-0358 USA
| | - Tyler V Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California 92093-0358 USA
| | - Jamie Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California 92093-0358 USA
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla California 92093-0358 USA
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3
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Xiao L, Fang L, Kool ET. 2'-OH as a universal handle for studying intracellular RNAs. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:110-124. [PMID: 37992716 PMCID: PMC10841764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
RNA plays pivotal roles in most cellular processes, serving as both the traditional carrier of genetic information and as a key regulator of cellular functions. The advent of chemical technologies has contributed critically to the analysis of cellular RNA structures, functions, and interactions. Many of these methods and molecules involve the utilization of chemically reactive handles in RNAs, either introduced externally or inherent within the polymer itself. Among these handles, the 2'-hydroxyl (2'-OH) group has emerged as an exceptionally well-suited and general chemical moiety for the modification and profiling of RNAs in intracellular studies. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advancements in intracellular applications of acylation at the 2'-OH group of RNA. We outline progress made in probing RNA structure and interactomes, controlling RNA function, RNA imaging, and analyzing RNA-small molecule interactions, all achieved in living cells through this simple chemical handle on the biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Linglan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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4
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Hossain K, Smith M, Santoro SW. A histological protocol for quantifying the birthrates of specific subtypes of olfactory sensory neurons in mice. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102432. [PMID: 37436902 PMCID: PMC10511921 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals typically have hundreds of distinct olfactory sensory neuron subtypes, each defined by expression of a specific odorant receptor gene, which undergo neurogenesis throughout life at rates that can depend on olfactory experience. Here, we present a protocol to quantify the birthrates of specific neuron subtypes via the simultaneous detection of corresponding receptor mRNAs and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine. For preparation prior to beginning the protocol, we detail procedures for generating odorant receptor-specific riboprobes and experimental mouse olfactory epithelial tissue sections. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to van der Linden et al. (2020).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawsar Hossain
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Madeline Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephen W Santoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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5
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Singha MK, Zimak J, Levine SR, Dai N, Hong C, Anaraki C, Gupta M, Halbrook CJ, Atwood SX, Spitale RC. An Optimized Enzyme-Nucleobase Pair Enables In Vivo RNA Metabolic Labeling with Improved Cell-Specificity. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2638-2642. [PMID: 36383486 PMCID: PMC10149115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current transcriptome-wide analyses have identified a growing number of regulatory RNA with expression that is characterized in a cell-type-specific manner. Herein, we describe RNA metabolic labeling with improved cell-specificity utilizing the in vivo expression of an optimized uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) enzyme. We demonstrate improved selectivity for metabolic incorporation of a modified nucleobase (5-vinyuracil) into nascent RNA, using a battery of tests. The selective incorporation of vinyl-U residues was demonstrated in 3xUPRT LM2 cells through validation with dot blot, qPCR, LC-MS/MS and microscopy analysis. We also report using this approach in a metastatic human breast cancer mouse model for profiling cell-specific nascent RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika K Singha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jan Zimak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Samantha R Levine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Nan Dai
- New England Biolabs, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, United States
| | - Chan Hong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Cecily Anaraki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mrityunjay Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Christopher J Halbrook
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Scott X Atwood
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Robert C Spitale
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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6
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Wang C, Yu B, Li W, Zou W, Cong H, Shen Y. Effective strategy for polymer synthesis: multicomponent reactions and click polymerization. MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY 2022; 25:100948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
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7
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Onizuka K, Yamano Y, Abdelhady AM, Nagatsugi F. Hybridization-specific chemical reactions to create interstrand crosslinking and threaded structures of nucleic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4699-4708. [PMID: 35622064 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00551d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interstrand crosslinking and threaded structures of nucleic acids have high potential in oligonucleotide therapeutics, chemical biology, and nanotechnology. For example, properly designed crosslinking structures provide high activity and nuclease resistance for anti-miRNAs. The noncovalent labeling and modification by the threaded structures are useful as new chemical biology tools. Photoreversible crosslinking creates smart materials, such as reversible photoresponsive gels and DNA origami objects. This review introduces the creation of interstrand crosslinking and threaded structures, such as catenanes and rotaxanes, based on hybridization-specific chemical reactions and their functions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumitsu Onizuka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of Organization for Advanced Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuuhei Yamano
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Ahmed Mostafa Abdelhady
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fumi Nagatsugi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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8
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Müggenburg F, Müller S. Azide-modified Nucleosides as Versatile Tools for Bioorthogonal Labeling and Functionalization. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100322. [PMID: 35189013 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Azide-modified nucleosides are important building blocks for RNA and DNA functionalization by click chemistry based on azide-alkyne cycloaddition. This has put demand on synthetic chemistry to develop approaches for the preparation of azide-modified nucleoside derivatives. We review here the available methods for the synthesis of various nucleosides decorated with azido groups at the sugar residue or nucleobase, their incorporation into oligonucleotides and cellular RNAs, and their application in azide-alkyne cycloadditions for labelling and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Müggenburg
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
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9
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Bujalska A, Basran K, Luedtke NW. [4+2] and [2+4] cycloaddition reactions on single- and double-stranded DNA: a dual-reactive nucleoside. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:698-701. [PMID: 35755194 PMCID: PMC9175100 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00062h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report dual reactivity of diene-modified duplex DNA containing 5-(1,3-butadienyl)-2'-deoxyuridine “BDdU”. Regular-electron demand [4+2] cycloaddition proceeded upon addition of a maleimide, whereas inversed-electron demand [2+4] cycloaddition occurred upon addition...
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bujalska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kaleena Basran
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montréal Québec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Nathan W Luedtke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montréal Québec H3A 0B8 Canada
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10
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Kleiner RE. Interrogating the transcriptome with metabolically incorporated ribonucleosides. Mol Omics 2021; 17:833-841. [PMID: 34635895 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00334h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RNA is a central player in biological processes, but there remain major gaps in our understanding of transcriptomic processes and the underlying biochemical mechanisms regulating RNA in cells. A powerful strategy to facilitate molecular analysis of cellular RNA is the metabolic incorporation of chemical probes. In this review, we discuss current approaches for RNA metabolic labeling with modified ribonucleosides and their integration with Next-Generation Sequencing, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, and fluorescence microscopy in order to interrogate RNA behavior in its native context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E Kleiner
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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11
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Jeong J, Szczepaniak G, Yerneni SS, Lorandi F, Jafari H, Lathwal S, Das SR, Matyjaszewski K. Biocompatible photoinduced CuAAC using sodium pyruvate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12844-12847. [PMID: 34787596 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05566f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sodium pyruvate, a natural intermediate produced during cellular metabolism, is commonly used in buffer solutions and media for biochemical applications. Here we show the use of sodium pyruvate (SP) as a reducing agent in a biocompatible aqueous photoinduced azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. This copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is triggered by SP under UV light irradiation, exhibits oxygen tolerance and temporal control, and provides a convenient alternative to current CuAAC systems, particularly for biomolecular conjugations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaepil Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. .,University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Hossein Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Subha R Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. .,Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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12
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Abstract
Transcription of DNA into RNA is crucial to life, and understanding RNA polymerase (RNAP) function has received considerable attention. In contrast, how the nascent RNA folds into structures that impact transcription itself and regulate gene expression remains poorly understood. Here, we combine single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and site-specific fluorescent labelling of transcripts within native complexes to enable real-time cotranscriptional folding studies of a metabolite-sensing riboswitch from Escherichia coli. By monitoring the folding of riboswitches stalled at RNAP pausing sites and during active elongation, we reveal a crucial role for RNAP, which directs RNA folding to allow thiamin pyrophosphate sensing within a precise, transcriptional hotspot. Our approach offers a unique opportunity to unveil cotranscriptional processes in eukaryotic and bacterial systems. Cotranscriptional RNA folding is crucial for the timely control of biological processes, but because of its transient nature, its study has remained challenging. While single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is unique to investigate transient RNA structures, its application to cotranscriptional studies has been limited to nonnative systems lacking RNA polymerase (RNAP)–dependent features, which are crucial for gene regulation. Here, we present an approach that enables site-specific labeling and smFRET studies of kilobase-length transcripts within native bacterial complexes. By monitoring Escherichia coli nascent riboswitches, we reveal an inverse relationship between elongation speed and metabolite-sensing efficiency and show that pause sites upstream of the translation start codon delimit a sequence hotspot for metabolite sensing during transcription. Furthermore, we demonstrate a crucial role of the bacterial RNAP actively delaying the formation, within the hotspot sequence, of competing structures precluding metabolite binding. Our approach allows the investigation of cotranscriptional regulatory mechanisms in bacterial and eukaryotic elongation complexes.
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13
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Depmeier H, Hoffmann E, Bornewasser L, Kath‐Schorr S. Strategies for Covalent Labeling of Long RNAs. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2826-2847. [PMID: 34043861 PMCID: PMC8518768 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of chemical modifications into long RNA molecules at specific positions for visualization, biophysical investigations, diagnostic and therapeutic applications still remains challenging. In this review, we present recent approaches for covalent internal labeling of long RNAs. Topics included are the assembly of large modified RNAs via enzymatic ligation of short synthetic oligonucleotides and synthetic biology approaches preparing site-specifically modified RNAs via in vitro transcription using an expanded genetic alphabet. Moreover, recent approaches to employ deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) and ribozymes for RNA labeling and RNA methyltransferase based labeling strategies are presented. We discuss the potentials and limits of the individual methods, their applicability for RNAs with several hundred to thousands of nucleotides in length and indicate future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Depmeier
- University of CologneDepartment of ChemistryGreinstr. 450939CologneGermany
| | - Eva Hoffmann
- University of CologneDepartment of ChemistryGreinstr. 450939CologneGermany
| | - Lisa Bornewasser
- University of CologneDepartment of ChemistryGreinstr. 450939CologneGermany
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14
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Chakraborty K, Anees P, Surana S, Martin S, Aburas J, Moutel S, Perez F, Koushika SP, Kratsios P, Krishnan Y. Tissue-specific targeting of DNA nanodevices in a multicellular living organism. eLife 2021; 10:e67830. [PMID: 34318748 PMCID: PMC8360651 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid nanodevices present great potential as agents for logic-based therapeutic intervention as well as in basic biology. Often, however, the disease targets that need corrective action are localized in specific organs, and thus realizing the full potential of DNA nanodevices also requires ways to target them to specific cell types in vivo. Here, we show that by exploiting either endogenous or synthetic receptor-ligand interactions and leveraging the biological barriers presented by the organism, we can target extraneously introduced DNA nanodevices to specific cell types in Caenorhabditis elegans, with subcellular precision. The amenability of DNA nanostructures to tissue-specific targeting in vivo significantly expands their utility in biomedical applications and discovery biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Palapuravan Anees
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Sunaina Surana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Simona Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Jihad Aburas
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Sandrine Moutel
- Recombinant Antibody Platform (TAb-IP), Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144ParisFrance
- Cell Biology and Cancer Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144ParisFrance
| | - Franck Perez
- Cell Biology and Cancer Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144ParisFrance
| | - Sandhya P Koushika
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchMumbaiIndia
| | - Paschalis Kratsios
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
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15
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Baraniak D, Boryski J. Triazole-Modified Nucleic Acids for the Application in Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. Biomedicines 2021; 9:628. [PMID: 34073038 PMCID: PMC8229351 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers studies which exploit triazole-modified nucleic acids in the range of chemistry and biology to medicine. The 1,2,3-triazole unit, which is obtained via click chemistry approach, shows valuable and unique properties. For example, it does not occur in nature, constitutes an additional pharmacophore with attractive properties being resistant to hydrolysis and other reactions at physiological pH, exhibits biological activity (i.e., antibacterial, antitumor, and antiviral), and can be considered as a rigid mimetic of amide linkage. Herein, it is presented a whole area of useful artificial compounds, from the clickable monomers and dimers to modified oligonucleotides, in the field of nucleic acids sciences. Such modifications of internucleotide linkages are designed to increase the hybridization binding affinity toward native DNA or RNA, to enhance resistance to nucleases, and to improve ability to penetrate cell membranes. The insertion of an artificial backbone is used for understanding effects of chemically modified oligonucleotides, and their potential usefulness in therapeutic applications. We describe the state-of-the-art knowledge on their implications for synthetic genes and other large modified DNA and RNA constructs including non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Baraniak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland;
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16
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Lu H, Cai J, Zhang K. Synthetic Approaches for Copolymers Containing Nucleic Acids and Analogues: Challenges and Opportunities. Polym Chem 2021; 12:2193-2204. [PMID: 34394751 PMCID: PMC8356553 DOI: 10.1039/d0py01707h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A deep integration of nucleic acids with other classes of materials have become the basis of many useful technologies. Among these biohybrids, nucleic acid-containing copolymers has seen rapid development in both chemistry and application. This review focuses on the various synthetic approaches to access nucleic acid-polymer biohybrids spanning post-polymerization conjugation, nucleic acids in polymerization, solid-phase synthesis, and nucleoside/nucleobase-functionalized polymers. We highlight the challenges associated with working with nucleic acids with each approach and the ingenuity of the solutions, with the hope of lowering the entry barrier and inpsiring further investigations in this exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jiansong Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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17
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Singha M, Spitalny L, Nguyen K, Vandewalle A, Spitale RC. Chemical methods for measuring RNA expression with metabolic labeling. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 12:e1650. [PMID: 33738981 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tracking the expression of RNA in a cell-specific manner is a major challenge in basic and disease research. Herein we outline the current state of employing chemical approaches for cell-specific RNA expression studies. We define the utility of metabolic labels for tracking RNA synthesis, the approaches for characterizing metabolic incorporation and enrichment of labeled RNAs, and finally outline how these approaches have been used to study biological systems by providing mechanistic insights into transcriptional dynamics. Further efforts on this front will be the continued development of novel chemical handles for RNA enrichment and profiling as well as innovative approaches to control cell-specific incorporation of chemically modified metabolic probes. These advancements in RNA metabolic labeling techniques permit sensitive detection of RNA expression dynamics within relatively small subsets of cells in living tissues and organisms that are critical to performing complex developmental and pathological processes. This article is categorized under: RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells RNA Evolution and Genomics > Ribonomics RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Singha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Leslie Spitalny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kim Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Abigail Vandewalle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Robert C Spitale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Developmental and Cellular Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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18
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Dotter H, Boll M, Eder M, Eder AC. Library and post-translational modifications of peptide-based display systems. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 47:107699. [PMID: 33513435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Innovative biotechnological methods empower the successful identification of new drug candidates. Phage, ribosome and mRNA display represent high throughput screenings, allowing fast and efficient progress in the field of targeted drug discovery. The identification range comprises low molecular weight peptides up to whole antibodies. However, a major challenge poses the stability and affinity in particular of peptides. Chemical modifications e.g. the introduction of unnatural amino acids or cyclization, have been proven to be essential tools to overcome these limitations. This review article particularly focuses on available methods for the targeted chemical modification of peptides and peptide libraries in selected display approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Dotter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium, partner site Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boll
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium, partner site Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium, partner site Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ann-Christin Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium, partner site Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Cao J, Boatner LM, Desai HS, Burton NR, Armenta E, Chan NJ, Castellón JO, Backus KM. Multiplexed CuAAC Suzuki–Miyaura Labeling for Tandem Activity-Based Chemoproteomic Profiling. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2610-2618. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lisa M. Boatner
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Heta S. Desai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nikolas R. Burton
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ernest Armenta
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil J. Chan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - José O. Castellón
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Keriann M. Backus
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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20
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“One stroke drawing” of poly(ribonucleic acids) with different aptamer functions for sensing probes. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Fantoni NZ, El-Sagheer AH, Brown T. A Hitchhiker's Guide to Click-Chemistry with Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7122-7154. [PMID: 33443411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Click chemistry is an immensely powerful technique for the fast and efficient covalent conjugation of molecular entities. Its broad scope has positively impacted on multiple scientific disciplines, and its implementation within the nucleic acid field has enabled researchers to generate a wide variety of tools with application in biology, biochemistry, and biotechnology. Azide-alkyne cycloadditions (AAC) are still the leading technology among click reactions due to the facile modification and incorporation of azide and alkyne groups within biological scaffolds. Application of AAC chemistry to nucleic acids allows labeling, ligation, and cyclization of oligonucleotides efficiently and cost-effectively relative to previously used chemical and enzymatic techniques. In this review, we provide a guide to inexperienced and knowledgeable researchers approaching the field of click chemistry with nucleic acids. We discuss in detail the chemistry, the available modified-nucleosides, and applications of AAC reactions in nucleic acid chemistry and provide a critical view of the advantages, limitations, and open-questions within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Zuin Fantoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Afaf H El-Sagheer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,Chemistry Branch, Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez 43721, Egypt
| | - Tom Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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23
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Abstract
Abstract
Transition metals such as zinc, copper and iron play vital roles in maintaining physiological functions and homeostasis of living systems. Molecular imaging, including two-photon imaging (TPI), bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI), could act as non-invasive toolkits for capturing dynamic events in living cells, tissues and whole animals. Herein, we review the recent progress in the development of molecular probes for essential transition metals and their biological applications. We emphasize the contributions of metallostasis to health and disease, and discuss the future research directions about how to harness the great potential of metal sensors.
Graphic Abstract
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24
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Xiao L, Habibian M, Kool ET. Site-Selective RNA Functionalization via DNA-Induced Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16357-16363. [PMID: 32865995 PMCID: PMC7962339 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methods for RNA functionalization at specific sites are in high demand but remain a challenge, particularly for RNAs produced by transcription rather than by total synthesis. Recent studies have described acylimidazole reagents that react in high yields at 2'-OH groups stochastically at nonbase-paired regions, covering much of the RNA in scattered acyl esters. Localized reactions, if possible, could prove useful in many applications, providing functional handles at specific sites and sequences of the biopolymer. Here, we describe a DNA-directed strategy for in vitro functionalization of RNA at site-localized 2'-OH groups. The method, RNA Acylation at Induced Loops (RAIL), utilizes complementary helper DNA oligonucleotides that expose gaps or loops at selected positions while protecting the remainder in DNA-RNA duplexes. Reaction with an acylimidazole reagent is then carried out, providing high yields of 2'-OH conjugation at predetermined sites. Experiments reveal optimal helper oligodeoxynucleotide designs and conditions for the reaction, and tests of the approach are carried out to control localized ribozyme activities and to label RNAs with dual-color fluorescent dyes. The RAIL approach offers a simple and novel strategy for site-selective labeling and control of RNAs, potentially of any length and origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Maryam Habibian
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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25
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Ganz D, Harijan D, Wagenknecht HA. Labelling of DNA and RNA in the cellular environment by means of bioorthogonal cycloaddition chemistry. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:86-97. [PMID: 34458750 PMCID: PMC8341813 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Labelling of nucleic acids as biologically important cellular components is a crucial prerequisite for the visualization and understanding of biological processes. Efficient bioorthogonal chemistry and in particular cycloadditions fullfill the requirements for cellular applications. The broadly applied Cu(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), however, is limited to labellings in vitro and in fixed cells due to the cytotoxicity of copper salts. Currently, there are three types of copper-free cycloadditions used for nucleic acid labelling in the cellular environment: (i) the ring-strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), (ii) the "photoclick" 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, and (iii) the Diels-Alder reactions with inverse electron demand (iEDDA). We review only those building blocks for chemical synthesis on solid phase of DNA and RNA and for enzymatic DNA and RNA preparation, which were applied for labelling of DNA and RNA in situ or in vivo, i.e. in the cellular environment, in fixed or in living cells, by the use of bioorthogonal cycloaddition chemistry. Additionally, we review the current status of orthogonal dual and triple labelling of DNA and RNA in vitro to demonstrate their potential for future applications in situ or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Ganz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Dennis Harijan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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26
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Krell K, Harijan D, Ganz D, Doll L, Wagenknecht HA. Postsynthetic Modifications of DNA and RNA by Means of Copper-Free Cycloadditions as Bioorthogonal Reactions. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:990-1011. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Krell
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dennis Harijan
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dorothée Ganz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Larissa Doll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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27
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Glass EB, Masjedi S, Dudzinski SO, Wilson AJ, Duvall CL, Yull FE, Giorgio TD. Optimizing Mannose "Click" Conjugation to Polymeric Nanoparticles for Targeted siRNA Delivery to Human and Murine Macrophages. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16756-16767. [PMID: 31646220 PMCID: PMC6796989 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
"Smart", dual pH-responsive, and endosomolytic polymeric nanoparticles have demonstrated great potential for localized drug delivery, especially for siRNA delivery to the cytoplasm of cells. However, targeted delivery to a specific cell phenotype requires an additional level of functionality. Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is a highly selective bioconjugation reaction that can be performed in conjunction with other polymerization techniques without adversely affecting reaction kinetics, but there exists some concern for residual copper causing cytotoxicity. To alleviate these concerns, we evaluated conjugation efficiency, residual copper content, and cell viability in relation to copper catalyst concentration. Our results demonstrated an optimal range for minimizing cytotoxicity while maintaining high levels of conjugation efficiency, and these conditions produced polymers with increased targeting to M2-polarized macrophages, as well as successful delivery of therapeutic siRNA that reprogrammed the macrophages to a proinflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan B Glass
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shirin Masjedi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Stephanie O Dudzinski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Todd D Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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28
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Kubota M, Nainar S, Parker SM, England W, Furche F, Spitale RC. Expanding the Scope of RNA Metabolic Labeling with Vinyl Nucleosides and Inverse Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Chemistry. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1698-1707. [PMID: 31310712 PMCID: PMC8061575 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Optimized and stringent chemical methods to profile nascent RNA expression are still in demand. Herein, we expand the toolkit for metabolic labeling of RNA through application of inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) chemistry. Structural examination of metabolic enzymes guided the design and synthesis of vinyl-modified nucleosides, which we systematically tested for their ability to be installed through cellular machinery. Further, we tested these nucleosides against a panel of tetrazines to identify those which are able to react with a terminal alkene, but are stable enough for selective conjugation. The selected pairings then facilitated RNA functionalization with biotin and fluorophores. We found that this chemistry not only is amenable to preserving RNA integrity but also endows the ability to both tag and image RNA in cells. These key findings represent a significant advancement in methods to profile the nascent transcriptome using chemical approaches.
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29
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Chawla M, Minenkov Y, Vu KB, Oliva R, Cavallo L. Structural and Energetic Impact of Non-natural 7-Deaza-8-azaguanine, 7-Deaza-8-azaisoguanine, and Their 7-Substituted Derivatives on Hydrogen-Bond Pairing with Cytosine and Isocytosine. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2262-2270. [PMID: 30983115 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The impact of 7-deaza-8-azaguanine (DAG) and 7-deaza-8-azaisoguanine (DAiG) modifications on the geometry and stability of the G:C Watson-Crick (cWW) base pair and the G:iC and iG:C reverse Watson-Crick (tWW) base pairs has been characterized theoretically. In addition, the effect on the same base pairs of seven C7-substituted DAG and DAiG derivatives, some of which have been previously experimentally characterized, has been investigated. Calculations indicate that all of these modifications have a negligible impact on the geometry of the above base pairs, and that modification of the heterocycle skeleton has a small impact on the base-pair interaction energies. Instead, base-pair interaction energies are dependent on the nature of the C7 substituent. For the 7-substituted DAG-C cWW systems, a linear correlation between the base-pair interaction energy and the Hammett constant of the 7-substituent is found, with higher interaction energies corresponding to more electron-withdrawing substituents. Therefore, the explored modifications are expected to be accommodated in both parallel and antiparallel nucleic acid duplexes without perturbing their geometry, while the strength of a base pair (and duplex) featuring a DAG modification can, in principle, be tuned by incorporating different substituents at the C7 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Chawla
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yury Minenkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - Khanh B Vu
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Romina Oliva
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University Parthenope of Naples, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Taemaitree L, Shivalingam A, El-Sagheer AH, Brown T. An artificial triazole backbone linkage provides a split-and-click strategy to bioactive chemically modified CRISPR sgRNA. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1610. [PMID: 30962447 PMCID: PMC6453947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As the applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology diversify and spread beyond the laboratory to diagnostic and therapeutic use, the demands of gRNA synthesis have increased and access to tailored gRNAs is now restrictive. Enzymatic routes are time-consuming, difficult to scale-up and suffer from polymerase-bias while existing chemical routes are inefficient. Here, we describe a split-and-click convergent chemical route to individual or pools of sgRNAs. The synthetic burden is reduced by splitting the sgRNA into a variable DNA/genome-targeting 20-mer, produced on-demand and in high purity, and a fixed Cas9-binding chemically-modified 79-mer, produced cost-effectively on large-scale, a strategy that provides access to site-specific modifications that enhance sgRNA activity and in vivo stability. Click ligation of the two components generates an artificial triazole linkage that is tolerated in functionally critical regions of the sgRNA and allows efficient DNA cleavage in vitro as well as gene-editing in cells with no unexpected off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lapatrada Taemaitree
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Arun Shivalingam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Afaf H El-Sagheer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
- Chemistry Branch, Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, 43721, Egypt
| | - Tom Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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31
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Zhang Y, Kleiner RE. A Metabolic Engineering Approach to Incorporate Modified Pyrimidine Nucleosides into Cellular RNA. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3347-3351. [PMID: 30735369 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of modified nucleotides into RNA is a powerful strategy to probe RNA structure and function. While a wide variety of modified nucleotides can be incorporated into RNA in vitro using chemical or enzymatic synthesis, strategies for the metabolic incorporation of artificial nucleotides into cellular RNA are limited, largely due to the incompatibility of modified nucleobases and nucleosides with nucleotide salvage pathways. In this work, we develop a metabolic engineering strategy to facilitate the labeling of cellular RNA with noncanonical pyrimidine nucleosides. First, we use structure-based protein engineering to alter the substrate specificity of uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2), a key enzyme in the pyrimidine nucleotide salvage pathway. Next, we show that expression of mutant UCK2 in HeLa and U2OS cells is sufficient to enable the incorporation of 5-azidomethyl uridine (5-AmU) into cellular RNA and promotes RNA labeling by other C5-modified pyrimidines. Finally, we apply UCK2-mediated RNA labeling with 5-AmU to study RNA trafficking and turnover during normal and stress conditions and find diminished RNA localization in the cytosol during arsenite stress. Taken together, our study provides a general strategy for the incorporation of modified pyrimidine nucleosides into cellular RNA and expands the chemical toolkit of modified bases for studying dynamic RNA behavior in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Ralph E Kleiner
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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32
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Lyon SE, Chen TH, Wallace AJ, Adib K, Gopalan V. An RNase P-Based Assay for Accurate Determination of the 5'-Deoxy-5'-azidoguanosine-Modified Fraction of in Vitro-Transcribed RNAs. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2353-2359. [PMID: 30194891 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chemoenzymatic approaches are important for generating site-specific, chemically modified RNAs, a cornerstone for RNA structure-function correlation studies. T7 RNA polymerase (T7RNAP)-mediated in vitro transcription (IVT) of a DNA template containing the G-initiating class III Φ6.5 promoter is typically used to generate 5'-chemically modified RNAs by including a guanosine analogue (G analogue) initiator in the IVT. However, the yield of 5'-G analogue-initiated RNA is often poor and variable due to the high ratios of G analogue:GTP used in IVT. We recently reported that a T7RNAP P266L mutant afforded an approximately three-fold increase in fluorescent 5'-thienoguanosine-initiated pre-tRNACys compared to the wild type T7RNAP. We have further explored the use of T7RNAP P266L to generate 5'-deoxy-5'-azidoguanosine (az G)-initiated RNA and found that the mutant yielded approximately four times more az G-initiated pre-tRNACys than the wild type in an IVT containing a 10:1 ratio of az G:GTP. For accurate quantitation of the 5'-az G-initiated RNA fraction, we employed RNase P, an endonuclease that catalyzes the removal of the 5'-leader in pre-tRNAs. Importantly, we show herein how RNase P can be leveraged for assessing 5'-G analogue incorporation in any RNA by rendering the target RNA, upon its binding to a customized external guide sequence RNA, into an unnatural substrate of RNase P. Such an approach in conjunction with T7RNAP P266L-based IVT should aid chemoenzymatic methods that are designed to generate 5'-chemically modified RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth E Lyon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, 774 Biological Sciences Building, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Present address: Biological and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Tien-Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, 774 Biological Sciences Building, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Present address: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Andrew J Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, 774 Biological Sciences Building, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95094, USA
| | - Katie Adib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, 774 Biological Sciences Building, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Present address: Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Venkat Gopalan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, 774 Biological Sciences Building, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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33
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Tera M, Glasauer SMK, Luedtke NW. In Vivo Incorporation of Azide Groups into DNA by Using Membrane-Permeable Nucleotide Triesters. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1939-1943. [PMID: 29953711 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic incorporation of bioorthogonal functional groups into cellular nucleic acids can be impeded by insufficient phosphorylation of nucleosides. Previous studies found that 5azidomethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (AmdU) was incorporated into the DNA of HeLa cells expressing a low-fidelity thymidine kinase, but not by wild-type HeLa cells. Here we report that membrane-permeable phosphotriester derivatives of AmdU can exhibit enhanced incorporation into the DNA of wild-type cells and animals. AmdU monophosphate derivatives bearing either 5'-bispivaloyloxymethyl (POM), 5'-bis-(4-acetoxybenzyl) (AB), or "Protide" protective groups were used to mask the phosphate group of AmdU prior to its entry into cells. The POM derivative "POM-AmdU" exhibited better chemical stability, greater metabolic incorporation efficiency, and lower toxicity than "AB-AmdU". Remarkably, the addition of POM-AmdU to the water of zebrafish larvae enabled the biosynthesis of azide-modified DNA throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seikacho, Soraku, 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Stella M K Glasauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nathan W Luedtke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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34
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Shoji T, Fukutomi H, Okada Y, Chiba K. Artificial bioconjugates with naturally occurring linkages: the use of phosphodiester. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1946-1955. [PMID: 30112100 PMCID: PMC6071721 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial orthogonal bond formations such as the alkyne–azide cycloaddition have enabled selective bioconjugations under mild conditions, yet naturally occurring linkages between native functional groups would be more straightforward to elaborate bioconjugates. Herein, we describe the use of a phosphodiester bond as a versatile option to access various bioconjugates. An opposite activation strategy, involving 5’-phosphitylation of the supported oligonucleotides, has allowed several biomolecules that possess an unactivated alcohol to be directly conjugated. It should be noted that there is no need to pre-install artificial functional groups and undesired and unpredictable perturbations possibly caused by bioconjugation can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Shoji
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fukutomi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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35
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Sawant AA, Galande S, Srivatsan SG. Imaging Newly Transcribed RNA in Cells by Using a Clickable Azide-Modified UTP Analog. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1649:359-371. [PMID: 29130210 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7213-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Robust RNA labeling and imaging methods that enable the understanding of cellular RNA biogenesis and function are highly desired. In this context, we describe a practical chemical labeling method based on a bioorthogonal reaction, namely, azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, which facilitates the fluorescence imaging of newly transcribed RNA in both fixed and live cells. This strategy involves the transfection of an azide-modified UTP analog (AMUTP) into mammalian cells, which gets specifically incorporated into RNA transcripts by RNA polymerases present inside the cells. Subsequent posttranscriptional click reaction between azide-labeled RNA transcripts and a fluorescent alkyne substrate enables the imaging of newly synthesized RNA in cells by confocal microscopy. Typically, 50 μM to 1 mM of AMUTP and a transfection time of 15-60 min produce significant fluorescence signal from labeled RNA transcripts in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam A Sawant
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Center of Excellence in Epigenetics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Seergazhi G Srivatsan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.
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36
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Abstract
Click chemistry has emerged as a powerful tool in our arsenal for unlocking new biology. This includes its utility in both chemical biology and drug discovery. An emerging application of click chemistry is in the development of biochemical assays for high-throughput screening to identify new chemical probes and drug leads. This Feature Article will discuss the advancements in click chemistry that were necessary for the development of a new class of biochemical assay, catalytic enzyme-linked click chemistry assay or cat-ELCCA. Inspired by enzyme immunoassays, cat-ELCCA was designed as a click chemistry-based amplification assay where bioorthogonally-tagged analytes and enzymes are used in place of the enzyme-linked secondary antibodies used in immunoassays. The result is a robust assay format with demonstrated applicability in several important areas of biology and drug discovery, including post-translational modifications, pre-microRNA maturation, and protein-protein and RNA-protein interactions. Through the use of cat-ELCCA and other related click chemistry-based assays, new chemical probes for interrogating promising drug targets have been discovered. These examples will be discussed, in addition to a future outlook on the impact of this approach in probe and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Garner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, NCRC B520, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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37
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Jain PK, Friedman SH. The ULTIMATE Reagent: A Universal Photocleavable and Clickable Reagent for the Regiospecific and Reversible End Labeling of Any Nucleic Acid. Chembiochem 2018. [PMID: 29516677 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for methods to chemically incorporate photocleavable labels into synthetic and biologically sourced nucleic acids in a chemically defined and reversible manner. We have previously demonstrated that the light-cleaved diazo di-methoxy nitro phenyl ethyl (diazo-DMNPE) group has a remarkable regiospecificity for modifying terminally phosphorylated siRNA. Building on this observation, we have identified conditions under which a diazo-DMNPE reagent that we designed (diazo-DMNPE-azide or DDA) is able to singly modify any nucleic acid (RNA, DNA, single-stranded, double-stranded, 3' or 5' phosphate). It can then be modified with any clickable reagent to incorporate arbitrary labels such as fluorophores into the nucleic acid. Finally, native nucleic acid can be regenerated directly through photolysis of the reagent. Use of the described approach should allow for the tagging of any nucleic acid, from any source-natural or unnatural-while allowing for the light-induced regeneration of native nucleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush K Jain
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Simon H Friedman
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
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38
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Dey SK, Pettersson JR, Topacio AZ, Das SR, Peteanu LA. Eliminating Spurious Zero-Efficiency FRET States in Diffusion-Based Single-Molecule Confocal Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2259-2265. [PMID: 29570297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) of freely diffusing biomolecules using confocal microscopy is a simple and powerful technique for measuring conformation and dynamics. However, a spurious zero-FRET population can significantly distort the measured histograms and lead to incorrect results, particularly in measurements of intrinsically low-FRET systems. Using a model system consisting of duplex DNAs, we show that there are two important contributions to the zero-FRET state: (1) formation of a dark triplet state of the acceptor dye and (2) the presence of donor-only strands due to incomplete hybridization between donor- and acceptor-labeled strands. The combined strategy of using Trolox as a triplet-state quencher and labeling the same DNA strand with donor and acceptor dyes effectively eliminates the zero-FRET population, even for constructs with intrinsically low FRET efficiencies. This strategy allows us to perform smFRET experiments using a simple confocal microscope with improved accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav K Dey
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - John R Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Andrea Z Topacio
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Subha R Das
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Linda A Peteanu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
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39
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Gandioso A, Massaguer A, Villegas N, Salvans C, Sánchez D, Brun-Heath I, Marchán V, Orozco M, Terrazas M. Efficient siRNA-peptide conjugation for specific targeted delivery into tumor cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:2870-2873. [PMID: 28218319 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc10287e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the broad applicability of the Huisgen cycloaddition reaction, the click functionalization of RNAs with peptides still remains a challenge. Here we describe a straightforward method for the click functionalization of siRNAs with peptides of different sizes and complexities. Among them, a promising peptide carrier for the selective siRNA delivery into HER2+ breast cancer cell lines has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gandioso
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry, IBUB, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Department of Biology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Villegas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Joint IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. and The Join IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Spain
| | - Cándida Salvans
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Joint IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Dani Sánchez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Joint IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isabelle Brun-Heath
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Joint IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry, IBUB, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Modesto Orozco
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Joint IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. and The Join IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Spain and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Terrazas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Joint IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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40
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Romanelli A, Affinito A, Avitabile C, Catuogno S, Ceriotti P, Iaboni M, Modica J, Condorelli G, Catalucci D. An anti-PDGFRβ aptamer for selective delivery of small therapeutic peptide to cardiac cells. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29513717 PMCID: PMC5841773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Small therapeutic peptides represent a promising field for the treatment of pathologies such as cardiac diseases. However, the lack of proper target-selective carriers hampers their translation towards a potential clinical application. Aptamers are cell-specific carriers that bind with high affinity to their specific target. However, some limitations on their conjugation to small peptides and the functionality of the resulting aptamer-peptide chimera exist. Here, we generated a novel aptamer-peptide chimera through conjugation of the PDGFRβ-targeting Gint4.T aptamer to MP, a small mimetic peptide that via targeting of the Cavβ2 subunit of the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) can recover myocardial function in pathological heart conditions associated with defective LTCC function. The conjugation reaction was performed by click chemistry in the presence of N,N,N',N',N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as a Cu (I) stabilizing agent in a DMSO-free aqueous buffer. When administered to cardiac cells, the Gint4.T-MP aptamer-peptide chimera was successfully internalized in cells, allowing the functional targeting of MP to LTCC. This approach represents the first example of the use of an internalizing aptamer for selective delivery of a small therapeutic peptide to cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Affinito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Avitabile
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Catuogno
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore "IEOS-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Ceriotti
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Margherita Iaboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Jessica Modica
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Geroloma Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore "IEOS-CNR, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (GC); (DC)
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (GC); (DC)
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41
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Probst N, Lartia R, Théry O, Alami M, Defrancq E, Messaoudi S. Efficient Buchwald-Hartwig-Migita Cross-Coupling for DNA Thioglycoconjugation. Chemistry 2018; 24:1795-1800. [PMID: 29205564 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the thioglycoconjugation of iodinated oligonucleotides by Buchwald-Hartwig-Migita cross-coupling under mild conditions is reported. The method enables divergent synthesis of many different functionalized thioglycosylated ODNs in good yields, without affecting the integrity of the other A, C, and G nucleobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Probst
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rémy Lartia
- University Grenoble-Alpes, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, France
| | - Océane Théry
- University Grenoble-Alpes, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, France
| | - Mouâd Alami
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Eric Defrancq
- University Grenoble-Alpes, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, France
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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42
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Dore MD, Fakhoury JJ, Lacroix A, Sleiman HF. Templated synthesis of spherical RNA nanoparticles with gene silencing activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11296-11299. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06994h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive RNA nanoparticles with gene silencing activity have been synthesized in high yield using a complementary spherical DNA nanoparticle.
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43
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Winz ML, Linder EC, Becker J, Jäschke A. Site-specific one-pot triple click labeling for DNA and RNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11781-11784. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04520h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report site-specific triple click labeling for DNA and RNA in a one-pot setup by performing inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction and strain-promoted and copper catalyzed click reactions sequentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Winz
- Heidelberg University
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology
- D-69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Eva Christina Linder
- Heidelberg University
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology
- D-69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Juliane Becker
- Heidelberg University
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology
- D-69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Heidelberg University
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology
- D-69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
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44
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Anhäuser L, Rentmeister A. Enzyme-mediated tagging of RNA. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 48:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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45
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Farzan VM, Ulashchik EA, Martynenko-Makaev YV, Kvach MV, Aparin IO, Brylev VA, Prikazchikova TA, Maklakova SY, Majouga AG, Ustinov AV, Shipulin GA, Shmanai VV, Korshun VA, Zatsepin TS. Automated Solid-Phase Click Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Conjugates: From Small Molecules to Diverse N-Acetylgalactosamine Clusters. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2599-2607. [PMID: 28921968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel technique for the efficient conjugation of oligonucleotides with various alkyl azides such as fluorescent dyes, biotin, cholesterol, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), etc. using copper-catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition on the solid phase and CuI·P(OEt)3 as a catalyst. Conjugation is carried out in an oligonucleotide synthesizer in fully automated mode and is coupled to oligonucleotide synthesis and on-column deprotection. We also suggest a set of reagents for the construction of diverse conjugates. The sequential double-click procedure using a pentaerythritol-derived tetraazide followed by the addition of a GalNAc or Tris-GalNAc alkyne gives oligonucleotide-GalNAc dendrimer conjugates in good yields with minimal excess of sophisticated alkyne reagents. The approach is suitable for high-throughput synthesis of oligonucleotide conjugates ranging from fluorescent DNA probes to various multi-GalNAc derivatives of 2'-modified siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina M Farzan
- Center of Translational Biomedicine, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Egor A Ulashchik
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Surganova 13, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Yury V Martynenko-Makaev
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Surganova 13, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Maksim V Kvach
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Surganova 13, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Ilya O Aparin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Brylev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Prikazchikova
- Center of Translational Biomedicine, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Svetlana Yu Maklakova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie gory 3, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie gory 3, Moscow 119992, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology "MISiS" , Leninskiy Prospect 4, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ustinov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - German A Shipulin
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology , Novogireevskaya 3a, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Vadim V Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Surganova 13, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Vladimir A Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Gause Institute of New Antibiotics , Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Timofei S Zatsepin
- Center of Translational Biomedicine, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo, Moscow 143026, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie gory 3, Moscow 119992, Russia.,Central Research Institute of Epidemiology , Novogireevskaya 3a, Moscow 111123, Russia
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46
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Komiyama M, Yoshimoto K, Sisido M, Ariga K. Chemistry Can Make Strict and Fuzzy Controls for Bio-Systems: DNA Nanoarchitectonics and Cell-Macromolecular Nanoarchitectonics. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Komiyama
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577
| | - Keitaro Yoshimoto
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902
| | - Masahiko Sisido
- Professor Emeritus, Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0827
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47
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Kiliszek A, Blaszczyk L, Kierzek R, Rypniewski W. Stabilization of RNA hairpins using non-nucleotide linkers and circularization. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e92. [PMID: 28334744 PMCID: PMC5449636 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An RNA hairpin is an essential structural element of RNA. Hairpins play crucial roles in gene expression and intermolecular recognition but are also involved in the pathogenesis of some congenital diseases. Structural studies of the hairpin motifs are impeded by their thermodynamic instability, as they tend to unfold to form duplexes, especially at high concentrations required for crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We have elaborated techniques to stabilize the RNA hairpins by linking the free ends of the RNA strand at the base of the hairpin stem. One method involves stilbene diether or hexaethylene glycol linkers and circularization by T4 RNA ligase. Another method uses click chemistry to stitch the RNA ends with a triazole linker. Both techniques are efficient and easy to perform. They should be useful in making stable, biologically relevant RNA constructs for structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kiliszek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Leszek Blaszczyk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ryszard Kierzek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rypniewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
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48
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Naik A, Alzeer J, Triemer T, Bujalska A, Luedtke NW. Chemoselective Modification of Vinyl DNA by Triazolinediones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Naik
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jawad Alzeer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Therese Triemer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anna Bujalska
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Nathan W. Luedtke
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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Naik A, Alzeer J, Triemer T, Bujalska A, Luedtke NW. Chemoselective Modification of Vinyl DNA by Triazolinediones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10850-10853. [PMID: 28561928 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the post-synthetic modification of nucleic acids was developed that involves mixing a phenyl triazolinedione (PTAD) derivative with DNA containing a vinyl nucleobase. The resulting reactions proceeded through step-wise mechanisms, giving either a formal [4+2] cycloaddition product, or, depending on the context of nucleobase, PTAD addition along with solvent trapping to give a secondary alcohol in water. Catalyst-free addition between PTAD and the terminal alkene of 5-vinyl-2'-deoxyuridine (VdU) was exceptionally fast, with a second-order rate constant of 2×103 m-1 s-1 . PTAD derivatives selectively reacted with VdU-containing oligonucleotides in a conformation-selective manner, with higher yields observed for G-quadruplex versus duplex DNA. These results demonstrate a new strategy for copper-free bioconjugation of DNA that can potentially be used to probe nucleic acid conformations in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Naik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jawad Alzeer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Therese Triemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Bujalska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathan W Luedtke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Hamadani KM, Howe J, Jensen MK, Wu P, Cate JHD, Marqusee S. An in vitro tag-and-modify protein sample generation method for single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15636-15648. [PMID: 28754692 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.791723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular systems exhibit many dynamic and biologically relevant properties, such as conformational fluctuations, multistep catalysis, transient interactions, folding, and allosteric structural transitions. These properties are challenging to detect and engineer using standard ensemble-based techniques. To address this drawback, single-molecule methods offer a way to access conformational distributions, transient states, and asynchronous dynamics inaccessible to these standard techniques. Fluorescence-based single-molecule approaches are parallelizable and compatible with multiplexed detection; to date, however, they have remained limited to serial screens of small protein libraries. This stems from the current absence of methods for generating either individual dual-labeled protein samples at high throughputs or protein libraries compatible with multiplexed screening platforms. Here, we demonstrate that by combining purified and reconstituted in vitro translation, quantitative unnatural amino acid incorporation via AUG codon reassignment, and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, we can overcome these challenges for target proteins that are, or can be, methionine-depleted. We present an in vitro parallelizable approach that does not require laborious target-specific purification to generate dual-labeled proteins and ribosome-nascent chain libraries suitable for single-molecule FRET-based conformational phenotyping. We demonstrate the power of this approach by tracking the effects of mutations, C-terminal extensions, and ribosomal tethering on the structure and stability of three protein model systems: barnase, spectrin, and T4 lysozyme. Importantly, dual-labeled ribosome-nascent chain libraries enable single-molecule co-localization of genotypes with phenotypes, are well suited for multiplexed single-molecule screening of protein libraries, and should enable the in vitro directed evolution of proteins with designer single-molecule conformational phenotypes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz M Hamadani
- From the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences and .,the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Marcos, California 92096, and
| | - Jesse Howe
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Marcos, California 92096, and
| | | | - Peng Wu
- the Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Jamie H D Cate
- From the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences and .,the Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology and.,Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Susan Marqusee
- From the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences and .,the Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology and
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