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Song JZ, Wang CQ, Yu GS, Sun Z, Wu AH, Chi ZM, Liu GL. Simultaneous production of biosurfactant and extracellular unspecific peroxygenases by Moesziomyces aphidis XM01 enables an efficient strategy for crude oil degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134437. [PMID: 38691934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Crude oil is a hazardous pollutant that poses significant and lasting harm to human health and ecosystems. In this study, Moesziomyces aphidis XM01, a biosurfactant mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs)-producing yeast, was utilized for crude oil degradation. Unlike most microorganisms relying on cytochrome P450, XM01 employed two extracellular unspecific peroxygenases, MaUPO.1 and MaUPO.2, with preference for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes respectively, thus facilitating efficient crude oil degradation. The MELs produced by XM01 exhibited a significant emulsification activity of 65.9% for crude oil and were consequently supplemented in an "exogenous MELs addition" strategy to boost crude oil degradation, resulting in an optimal degradation ratio of 72.3%. Furthermore, a new and simple "pre-MELs production" strategy was implemented, achieving a maximum degradation ratio of 95.9%. During this process, the synergistic up-regulation of MaUPO.1, MaUPO.1 and the key MELs synthesis genes contributed to the efficient degradation of crude oil. Additionally, the phylogenetic and geographic distribution analysis of MaUPO.1 and MaUPO.1 revealed their wide occurrence among fungi in Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, with high transcription levels across global ocean, highlighting their important role in biodegradation of crude oil. In conclusion, M. aphidis XM01 emerges as a novel yeast for efficient and eco-friendly crude oil degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zheng Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chu-Qi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guan-Shuo Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ai-Hua Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Chi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guang-Lei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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2
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Decembrino D, Cannella D. The thin line between monooxygenases and peroxygenases. P450s, UPOs, MMOs, and LPMOs: A brick to bridge fields of expertise. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108321. [PMID: 38336187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Many scientific fields, although driven by similar purposes and dealing with similar technologies, often appear so isolated and far from each other that even the vocabularies to describe the very same phenomenon might differ. Concerning the vast field of biocatalysis, a special role is played by those redox enzymes that employ oxygen-based chemistry to unlock transformations otherwise possible only with metal-based catalysts. As such, greener chemical synthesis methods and environmentally-driven biotechnological approaches were enabled over the last decades by the use of several enzymes and ultimately resulted in the first industrial applications. Among what can be called today the environmental biorefinery sector, biomass transformation, greenhouse gas reduction, bio-gas/fuels production, bioremediation, as well as bulk or fine chemicals and even pharmaceuticals manufacturing are all examples of fields in which successful prototypes have been demonstrated employing redox enzymes. In this review we decided to focus on the most prominent enzymes (MMOs, LPMO, P450 and UPO) capable of overcoming the ∼100 kcal mol-1 barrier of inactivated CH bonds for the oxyfunctionalization of organic compounds. Harnessing the enormous potential that lies within these enzymes is of extreme value to develop sustainable industrial schemes and it is still deeply coveted by many within the aforementioned fields of application. Hence, the ambitious scope of this account is to bridge the current cutting-edge knowledge gathered upon each enzyme. By creating a broad comparison, scientists belonging to the different fields may find inspiration and might overcome obstacles already solved by the others. This work is organised in three major parts: a first section will be serving as an introduction to each one of the enzymes regarding their structural and activity diversity, whereas a second one will be encompassing the mechanistic aspects of their catalysis. In this regard, the machineries that lead to analogous catalytic outcomes are depicted, highlighting the major differences and similarities. Finally, a third section will be focusing on the elements that allow the oxyfunctionalization chemistry to occur by delivering redox equivalents to the enzyme by the action of diverse redox partners. Redox partners are often overlooked in comparison to the catalytic counterparts, yet they represent fundamental elements to better understand and further develop practical applications based on mono- and peroxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Decembrino
- Photobiocatalysis Unit - Crop Production and Biostimulation Lab (CPBL), and Biomass Transformation Lab (BTL), École Interfacultaire de Bioingénieurs, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - David Cannella
- Photobiocatalysis Unit - Crop Production and Biostimulation Lab (CPBL), and Biomass Transformation Lab (BTL), École Interfacultaire de Bioingénieurs, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
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3
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Shi T, Sun X, Yuan Q, Wang J, Shen X. Exploring the role of flavin-dependent monooxygenases in the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:46. [PMID: 38520003 PMCID: PMC10958861 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxylated aromatic compounds exhibit exceptional biological activities. In the biosynthesis of these compounds, three types of hydroxylases are commonly employed: cytochrome P450 (CYP450), pterin-dependent monooxygenase (PDM), and flavin-dependent monooxygenase (FDM). Among these, FDM is a preferred choice due to its small molecular weight, stable expression in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic fermentation systems, and a relatively high concentration of necessary cofactors. However, the catalytic efficiency of many FDMs falls short of meeting the demands of large-scale production. Additionally, challenges arise from the limited availability of cofactors and compatibility issues among enzyme components. Recently, significant progress has been achieved in improving its catalytic efficiency, but have not yet detailed and informative viewed so far. Therefore, this review emphasizes the advancements in FDMs for the biosynthesis of hydroxylated aromatic compounds and presents a summary of three strategies aimed at enhancing their catalytic efficiency: (a) Developing efficient enzyme mutants through protein engineering; (b) enhancing the supply and rapid circulation of critical cofactors; (c) facilitating cofactors delivery for enhancing FDMs catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the current challenges and further perspectives on improving catalytic efficiency of FDMs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaolin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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4
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Willetts A. The Role of Dioxygen in Microbial Bio-Oxygenation: Challenging Biochemistry, Illustrated by a Short History of a Long Misunderstood Enzyme. Microorganisms 2024; 12:389. [PMID: 38399793 PMCID: PMC10891995 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A Special Issue of Microorganisms devoted to 'Microbial Biocatalysis and Biodegradation' would be incomplete without some form of acknowledgement of the many important roles that dioxygen-dependent enzymes (principally mono- and dioxygenases) play in relevant aspects of bio-oxygenation. This is reflected by the multiple strategic roles that dioxygen -dependent microbial enzymes play both in generating valuable synthons for chemoenzymatic synthesis and in facilitating reactions that help to drive the global geochemical carbon cycle. A useful insight into this can be gained by reviewing the evolution of the current status of 2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.108) from (+)-camphor-grown Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17453, the key enzyme that promotes the initial ring cleavage of this natural bicyclic terpene. Over the last sixty years, the perceived nature of this monooxygenase has transmogrified significantly. Commencing in the 1960s, extensive initial studies consistently reported that the enzyme was a monomeric true flavoprotein dependent on both FMNH2 and nonheme iron as bound cofactors. However, over the last decade, all those criteria have changed absolutely, and the enzyme is currently acknowledged to be a metal ion-independent homodimeric flavin-dependent two-component mono-oxygenase deploying FMNH2 as a cosubstrate. That transition is a paradigm of the ever evolving nature of scientific knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Willetts
- 4 Sv Ivan, 21400 Sutivan, Croatia;
- Curnow Consultancies, Helston TR13 9PQ, UK
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5
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Munzone A, Eijsink VGH, Berrin JG, Bissaro B. Expanding the catalytic landscape of metalloenzymes with lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:106-119. [PMID: 38200220 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have an essential role in global carbon cycle, industrial biomass processing and microbial pathogenicity by catalysing the oxidative cleavage of recalcitrant polysaccharides. Despite initially being considered monooxygenases, experimental and theoretical studies show that LPMOs are essentially peroxygenases, using a single copper ion and H2O2 for C-H bond oxygenation. Here, we examine LPMO catalysis, emphasizing key studies that have shaped our comprehension of their function, and address side and competing reactions that have partially obscured our understanding. Then, we compare this novel copper-peroxygenase reaction with reactions catalysed by haem iron enzymes, highlighting the different chemistries at play. We conclude by addressing some open questions surrounding LPMO catalysis, including the importance of peroxygenase and monooxygenase reactions in biological contexts, how LPMOs modulate copper site reactivity and potential protective mechanisms against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Munzone
- UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Bissaro
- UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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6
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Abstract
Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for advancing fields such as photomedicine, photoredox catalysis, environmental science, and the development of sun care products. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of endogenous photosensitizers in human skin, investigating the connections between their electronic excitation and the subsequent activation or damage of organic biomolecules. We gather the physicochemical and photochemical properties of key endogenous photosensitizers and examine the relationships between their chemical reactivity, location within the skin, and the primary biochemical events following solar radiation exposure, along with their influence on skin physiology and pathology. An important take-home message of this review is that photosensitization allows visible light and UV-A radiation to have large effects on skin. The analysis presented here unveils potential causes for the continuous increase in global skin cancer cases and emphasizes the limitations of current sun protection approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick L Bastos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank H Quina
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Minas HA, François RMM, Hemmerling F, Fraley AE, Dieterich CL, Rüdisser SH, Meoded RA, Collin S, Weissman KJ, Gruez A, Piel J. Modular Oxime Formation by a trans-AT Polyketide Synthase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304481. [PMID: 37216334 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Modular trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthases (trans-AT PKSs) are enzymatic assembly lines that biosynthesize complex polyketide natural products. Relative to their better studied cis-AT counterparts, the trans-AT PKSs introduce remarkable chemical diversity into their polyketide products. A notable example is the lobatamide A PKS, which incorporates a methylated oxime. Here we demonstrate biochemically that this functionality is installed on-line by an unusual oxygenase-containing bimodule. Furthermore, analysis of the oxygenase crystal structure coupled with site-directed mutagenesis allows us to propose a model for catalysis, as well as identifying key protein-protein interactions that support this chemistry. Overall, our work adds oxime-forming machinery to the biomolecular toolbox available for trans-AT PKS engineering, opening the way to introducing such masked aldehyde functionalities into diverse polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Minas
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Romain M M François
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Franziska Hemmerling
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Amy E Fraley
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cora L Dieterich
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon H Rüdisser
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy Platform, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Hönggerbergring 64, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roy A Meoded
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Collin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, 54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Arnaud Gruez
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Hilberath T, van Oosten R, Victoria J, Brasselet H, Alcalde M, Woodley JM, Hollmann F. Toward Kilogram-Scale Peroxygenase-Catalyzed Oxyfunctionalization of Cyclohexane. Org Process Res Dev 2023; 27:1384-1389. [PMID: 37496955 PMCID: PMC10367066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Mol-scale oxyfunctionalization of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone (KA-oil) using an unspecific peroxygenase is reported. Using AaeUPO from Agrocybe aegerita and simple H2O2 as an oxidant, cyclohexanol concentrations of more than 300 mM (>60% yield) at attractive productivities (157 mM h-1, approx. 15 g L-1 h-1) were achieved. Current limitations of the proposed biooxidation system have been identified paving the way for future improvements and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hilberath
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Remco van Oosten
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Juliet Victoria
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hugo Brasselet
- Atlant.
Innov., Koornmarkt 52, 2611 EH Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department
of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis,
CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - John M. Woodley
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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9
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Garcia-Munoz P, Valenzuela L, Wegstein D, Schanz T, Lopez GE, Ruppert AM, Remita H, Bloh JZ, Keller N. Photocatalytic Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Molecular Oxygen and Water. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:15. [PMID: 37160833 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is a powerful and green oxidant that allows for the oxidation of a wide span of organic and inorganic substrates in liquid media under mild reaction conditions, and forms only molecular water and oxygen as end products. Hydrogen peroxide is therefore used in a wide range of applications, for which the well-documented and established anthraquinone autoxidation process is by far the dominating production method at the industrial scale. As this method is highly energy consuming and environmentally costly, the search for more sustainable synthesis methods is of high interest. To this end, the article reviews the basis and the recent development of the photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Different oxygen reduction and water oxidation mechanisms are discussed, as well as several kinetic models, and the influence of the main key reaction parameters is itemized. A large range of photocatalytic materials is reviewed, with emphasis on titania-based photocatalysts and on high-prospect graphitic carbon nitride-based systems that take advantage of advanced bulk and surface synthetic approaches. Strategies for enhancing the performances of solar-driven photocatalysts are reported, and the search for new, alternative, photocatalytic materials is detailed. Finally, the promise of in situ photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide for water treatment and organic synthesis is described, as well as its coupling with enzymes and the direct in situ synthesis of other technical peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Garcia-Munoz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Valenzuela
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS/University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, France
| | - Deborah Wegstein
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Schanz
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Girlie Eunice Lopez
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Agnieszka M Ruppert
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Hynd Remita
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jonathan Z Bloh
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicolas Keller
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS/University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, France.
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10
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Gomez de Santos P, González-Benjumea A, Fernandez-Garcia A, Aranda C, Wu Y, But A, Molina-Espeja P, Maté DM, Gonzalez-Perez D, Zhang W, Kiebist J, Scheibner K, Hofrichter M, Świderek K, Moliner V, Sanz-Aparicio J, Hollmann F, Gutiérrez A, Alcalde M. Engineering a Highly Regioselective Fungal Peroxygenase for the Synthesis of Hydroxy Fatty Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217372. [PMID: 36583658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxylation of fatty acids is an appealing reaction in synthetic chemistry, although the lack of selective catalysts hampers its industrial implementation. In this study, we have engineered a highly regioselective fungal peroxygenase for the ω-1 hydroxylation of fatty acids with quenched stepwise over-oxidation. One single mutation near the Phe catalytic tripod narrowed the heme cavity, promoting a dramatic shift toward subterminal hydroxylation with a drop in the over-oxidation activity. While crystallographic soaking experiments and molecular dynamic simulations shed light on this unique oxidation pattern, the selective biocatalyst was produced by Pichia pastoris at 0.4 g L-1 in a fed-batch bioreactor and used in the preparative synthesis of 1.4 g of (ω-1)-hydroxytetradecanoic acid with 95 % regioselectivity and 83 % ee for the S enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro González-Benjumea
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Angela Fernandez-Garcia
- Department of Crystallography & Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry "Rocasolano", CSIC, C/Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Aranda
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Yinqi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology Institution, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg St, 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Andrada But
- Department of Biotechnology Institution, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg St, 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Molina-Espeja
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana M Maté
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology Institution, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg St, 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kiebist
- Institute of Biotechnology Institution, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Scheibner
- Institute of Biotechnology Institution, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hofrichter
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, TU Dresden, International Institute Zittau, Markt 23, 02763, Zittau, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Świderek
- BioComp Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellon, Spain
| | - Vicent Moliner
- BioComp Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellon, Spain
| | - Julia Sanz-Aparicio
- Department of Crystallography & Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry "Rocasolano", CSIC, C/Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Institution, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg St, 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Charlton SN, Hayes MA. Oxygenating Biocatalysts for Hydroxyl Functionalisation in Drug Discovery and Development. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200115. [PMID: 35385205 PMCID: PMC9323455 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
C-H oxyfunctionalisation remains a distinct challenge for synthetic organic chemists. Oxygenases and peroxygenases (grouped here as "oxygenating biocatalysts") catalyse the oxidation of a substrate with molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The application of oxygenating biocatalysts in organic synthesis has dramatically increased over the last decade, producing complex compounds with potential uses in the pharmaceutical industry. This review will focus on hydroxyl functionalisation using oxygenating biocatalysts as a tool for drug discovery and development. Established oxygenating biocatalysts, such as cytochrome P450s and flavin-dependent monooxygenases, have widely been adopted for this purpose, but can suffer from low activity, instability or limited substrate scope. Therefore, emerging oxygenating biocatalysts which offer an alternative will also be covered, as well as considering the ways in which these hydroxylation biotransformations can be applied in drug discovery and development, such as late-stage functionalisation (LSF) and in biocatalytic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha N. Charlton
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol, Cantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery SciencesBiopharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
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12
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Wei W, Mazzotta F, Lieberwirth I, Landfester K, Ferguson CTJ, Zhang KAI. Aerobic Photobiocatalysis Enabled by Combining Core-Shell Nanophotoreactors and Native Enzymes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7320-7326. [PMID: 35363487 PMCID: PMC9052756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has become a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry, where enzymes are used to produce highly selective products under mild conditions. Using photocatalytically regenerated cofactors in synergistic combination with enzymes in a cascade fashion offers an efficient synthetic route to produce specific compounds. However, the combination of enzymes and photocatalysts has been limited due to the rapid degradation of the biomaterials by photogenerated reactive oxygen species, which denature and deactivate the enzymatic material. Here, we design core-shell structured porous nano-photoreactors for highly stable and recyclable photobiocatalysis under aerobic conditions. The enzymatic cofactor NAD+ from NADH can be efficiently regenerated by the photoactive organosilica core, while photogenerated active oxygen species are trapped and deactivated through the non-photoactive shell, protecting the enzymatic material. The versatility of these photocatalytic core-shell nanoreactors was demonstrated in tandem with two different enzymatic systems, glycerol dehydrogenase and glucose 1-dehydrogenase, where long-term enzyme stability was observed for the core-shell photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wei
- Max
Planck institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesca Mazzotta
- Max
Planck institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max
Planck institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max
Planck institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany,
| | - Calum T. J. Ferguson
- Max
Planck institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany,
| | - Kai A. I. Zhang
- Max
Planck institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany,Department
of Materials Science, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,;
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13
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Surfing the wave of oxyfunctionalization chemistry by engineering fungal unspecific peroxygenases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 73:102342. [PMID: 35240455 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The selective insertion of oxygen into non-activated organic molecules has to date been considered of utmost importance to synthesize existing and next generation industrial chemicals or pharmaceuticals. In this respect, the minimal requirements and high activity of fungal unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) situate them as the jewel in the crown of C-H oxyfunctionalization biocatalysts. Although their limited availability and development has hindered their incorporation into industry, the conjunction of directed evolution and computational design is approaching UPOs to practical applications. In this review, we will address the most recent advances in UPO engineering, both of the long and short UPO families, while discussing the future prospects in this fast-moving field of research.
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14
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15
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Lettau E, Zill D, Späth M, Lorent C, Singh P, Lauterbach L. Catalytic and spectroscopic properties of the halotolerant soluble methane monooxygenase reductase from Methylomonas methanica MC09. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100592. [PMID: 34905639 PMCID: PMC9305295 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The soluble methane monooxygenase receives electrons from NADH via its reductase MmoC for oxidation of methane, which is itself an attractive C1 building block for a future bioeconomy. Herein, we present biochemical and spectroscopic insights into the reductase from the marine methanotroph Methylomonas methanica MC09. The presence of a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and [2Fe2S] cluster as its prosthetic group were revealed by reconstitution experiments, iron determination and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. As a true halotolerant enzyme, MmoC still showed 50 % of its specific activity at 2 M NaCl. We show that MmoC produces only trace amounts of superoxide, but mainly hydrogen peroxide during uncoupled turnover reactions. The characterization of a highly active reductase is an important step for future biotechnological applications of a halotolerant sMMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lettau
- Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Institute of Applied Microbiology, GERMANY
| | - Domenic Zill
- Rheinisch Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen Fakultat fur Mathematik Informatik und Naturwissenschaften, Institute of Applied Microbiology, GERMANY
| | - Marta Späth
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Christian Lorent
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Praveen Singh
- Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Institute of Applied Microbiology, GERMANY
| | - Lars Lauterbach
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Chemistry, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Max-Volmer-Laboratorium, Sekr. PC 14, 10623, Berlin, Germany, GERMANY
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16
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Kardashliev T, Weingartner A, Romero E, Schwaneberg U, Fraaije M, Panke S, Held M. Whole-cell screening of oxidative enzymes using genetically encoded sensors. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14766-14772. [PMID: 34820092 PMCID: PMC8597865 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02578c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis is increasingly used for synthetic purposes in the chemical and especially the pharmaceutical industry. Enzyme discovery and optimization which is frequently needed to improve biocatalytic performance rely on high-throughput methods for activity determination. These methods should ideally be generic and applicable to entire enzyme families. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a product of several biocatalytic oxidations and its formation can serve as a proxy for oxidative activity. We designed a genetically encoded sensor for activity measurement of oxidative biocatalysts via the amount of intracellularly-formed H2O2. A key component of the sensor is an H2O2-sensitive transcriptional regulator, OxyR, which is used to control the expression levels of fluorescent proteins. We employed the OxyR sensor to monitor the oxidation of glycerol to glyceraldehyde and of toluene to o-cresol catalysed by recombinant E. coli expressing an alcohol oxidase and a P450 monooxygenase, respectively. In case of the P450 BM3-catalysed reaction, we additionally monitored o-cresol formation via a second genetically encoded sensor based on the phenol-sensitive transcriptional activator, DmpR, and an orthogonal fluorescent reporter protein. Single round screens of mutant libraries by flow cytometry or by visual inspection of colonies on agar plates yielded significantly improved oxidase and oxygenase variants thus exemplifying the suitability of the sensor system to accurately assess whole-cell oxidations in a high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetan Kardashliev
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Weingartner
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Elvira Romero
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marco Fraaije
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Sven Panke
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Martin Held
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Switzerland
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17
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Nowrouzi B, Rios-Solis L. Redox metabolism for improving whole-cell P450-catalysed terpenoid biosynthesis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:1213-1237. [PMID: 34749553 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1990210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The growing preference for producing cytochrome P450-mediated natural products in microbial systems stems from the challenging nature of the organic chemistry approaches. The P450 enzymes are redox-dependent proteins, through which they source electrons from reducing cofactors to drive their activities. Widely researched in biochemistry, most of the previous studies have extensively utilised expensive cell-free assays to reveal mechanistic insights into P450 functionalities in presence of commercial redox partners. However, in the context of microbial bioproduction, the synergic activity of P450- reductase proteins in microbial systems have not been largely investigated. This is mainly due to limited knowledge about their mutual interactions in the context of complex systems. Hence, manipulating the redox potential for natural product synthesis in microbial chassis has been limited. As the potential of redox state as crucial regulator of P450 biocatalysis has been greatly underestimated by the scientific community, in this review, we re-emphasize their pivotal role in modulating the in vivo P450 activity through affecting the product profile and yield. Particularly, we discuss the applications of widely used in vivo redox engineering methodologies for natural product synthesis to provide further suggestions for patterning on P450-based terpenoids production in microbial platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Nowrouzi
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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18
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Seo E, Kim M, Park S, Park S, Oh D, Bornscheuer U, Park J. Enzyme Access Tunnel Engineering in Baeyer‐Villiger Monooxygenases to Improve Oxidative Stability and Biocatalyst Performance. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun‐Ji Seo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong‐Ju Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - So‐Yeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoBio Applied Technology Sungshin Women's University Seoul 01133 Republic of Korea
| | - Deok‐Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Uwe Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Greifswald University Greifswald 17487 Germany
| | - Jin‐Byung Park
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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19
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Hobisch M, Holtmann D, Gomez de Santos P, Alcalde M, Hollmann F, Kara S. Recent developments in the use of peroxygenases - Exploring their high potential in selective oxyfunctionalisations. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107615. [PMID: 32827669 PMCID: PMC8444091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peroxygenases are an emerging new class of enzymes allowing selective oxyfunctionalisation reactions in a cofactor-independent way different from well-known P450 monooxygenases. Herein, we focused on recent developments from organic synthesis, molecular biotechnology and reaction engineering viewpoints that are devoted to bring these enzymes in industrial applications. This covers natural diversity from different sources, protein engineering strategies for expression, substrate scope, activity and selectivity, stabilisation of enzymes via immobilisation, and the use of peroxygenases in low water media. We believe that peroxygenases have much to offer for selective oxyfunctionalisations and we have much to study to explore the full potential of these versatile biocatalysts in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hobisch
- Department of Engineering, Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstr. 14, Gießen 35390, Germany
| | | | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Madrid 28049, Spain; EvoEnzyme S.L, C/ Marie Curie 2, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Biocatalysis Group, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Engineering, Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
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20
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Molina-Espeja P, Beltran-Nogal A, Alfuzzi MA, Guallar V, Alcalde M. Mapping Potential Determinants of Peroxidative Activity in an Evolved Fungal Peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:741282. [PMID: 34595162 PMCID: PMC8476742 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.741282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are hybrid biocatalysts with peroxygenative activity that insert oxygen into non-activated compounds, while also possessing convergent peroxidative activity for one electron oxidation reactions. In several ligninolytic peroxidases, the site of peroxidative activity is associated with an oxidizable aromatic residue at the protein surface that connects to the buried heme domain through a long-range electron transfer (LRET) pathway. However, the peroxidative activity of these enzymes may also be initiated at the heme access channel. In this study, we examined the origin of the peroxidative activity of UPOs using an evolved secretion variant (PaDa-I mutant) from Agrocybe aegerita as our point of departure. After analyzing potential radical-forming aromatic residues at the PaDa-I surface by QM/MM, independent saturation mutagenesis libraries of Trp24, Tyr47, Tyr79, Tyr151, Tyr265, Tyr281, Tyr293 and Tyr325 were constructed and screened with both peroxidative and peroxygenative substrates. These mutant libraries were mostly inactive, with only a few functional clones detected, none of these showing marked differences in the peroxygenative and peroxidative activities. By contrast, when the flexible Gly314-Gly318 loop that is found at the outer entrance to the heme channel was subjected to combinatorial saturation mutagenesis and computational analysis, mutants with improved kinetics and a shift in the pH activity profile for peroxidative substrates were found, while they retained their kinetic values for peroxygenative substrates. This striking change was accompanied by a 4.5°C enhancement in kinetic thermostability despite the variants carried up to four consecutive mutations. Taken together, our study proves that the origin of the peroxidative activity in UPOs, unlike other ligninolytic peroxidases described to date, is not dependent on a LRET route from oxidizable residues at the protein surface, but rather it seems to be exclusively located at the heme access channel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Victor Guallar
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Passeig Lluís Companys, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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21
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22
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Grogan G. Hemoprotein Catalyzed Oxygenations: P450s, UPOs, and Progress toward Scalable Reactions. JACS AU 2021; 1:1312-1329. [PMID: 34604841 PMCID: PMC8479775 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The selective oxygenation of nonactivated carbon atoms is an ongoing synthetic challenge, and biocatalysts, particularly hemoprotein oxygenases, continue to be investigated for their potential, given both their sustainable chemistry credentials and also their superior selectivity. However, issues of stability, activity, and complex reaction requirements often render these biocatalytic oxygenations problematic with respect to scalable industrial processes. A continuing focus on Cytochromes P450 (P450s), which require a reduced nicotinamide cofactor and redox protein partners for electron transport, has now led to better catalysts and processes with a greater understanding of process requirements and limitations for both in vitro and whole-cell systems. However, the discovery and development of unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) has also recently provided valuable complementary technology to P450-catalyzed reactions. UPOs need only hydrogen peroxide to effect oxygenations but are hampered by their sensitivity to peroxide and also by limited selectivity. In this Perspective, we survey recent developments in the engineering of proteins, cells, and processes for oxygenations by these two groups of hemoproteins and evaluate their potential and relative merits for scalable reactions.
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23
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Rotilio L, Swoboda A, Ebner K, Rinnofner C, Glieder A, Kroutil W, Mattevi A. Structural and biochemical studies enlighten the unspecific peroxygenase from Hypoxylon sp. EC38 as an efficient oxidative biocatalyst. ACS Catal 2021; 11:11511-11525. [PMID: 34540338 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unspecific peroxygenases (UPO) are glycosylated fungal enzymes that can selectively oxidize C-H bonds. UPOs employ hydrogen peroxide as oxygen donor and reductant. With such an easy-to-handle co-substrate and without the need of a reducing agent, UPOs are emerging as convenient oxidative biocatalysts. Here, an unspecific peroxygenase from Hypoxylon sp. EC38 (HspUPO) was identified in an activity-based screen of six putative peroxygenase enzymes that were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. The enzyme was found to tolerate selected organic solvents such as acetonitrile and acetone. HspUPO is a versatile catalyst performing various reactions, such as the oxidation of prim- and sec-alcohols, epoxidations and hydroxylations. Semi-preparative biotransformations were demonstrated for the non-enantioselective oxidation of racemic 1-phenylethanol rac -1b (TON = 13000), giving the product with 88% isolated yield, and the oxidation of indole 6a to give indigo 6b (TON = 2800) with 98% isolated yield. HspUPO features a compact and rigid three-dimensional conformation that wraps around the heme and defines a funnel-shaped tunnel that leads to the heme iron from the protein surface. The tunnel extends along a distance of about 12 Å with a fairly constant diameter in its innermost segment. Its surface comprises both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups for dealing with small-to-medium size substrates of variable polarities. The structural investigation of several protein-ligand complexes revealed that the active site of HspUPO is accessible to molecules of varying bulkiness and polarity with minimal or no conformational changes, explaining the relatively broad substrate scope of the enzyme. With its convenient expression system, robust operational properties, relatively small size, well-defined structural features, and diverse reaction scope, HspUPO is an exploitable candidate for peroxygenase-based biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rotilio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alexander Swoboda
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, c/o Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Ebner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Claudia Rinnofner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anton Glieder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, c/o Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Gaz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth-University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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24
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Yang N, Tian Y, Zhang M, Peng X, Li F, Li J, Li Y, Fan B, Wang F, Song H. Photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid systems for light-driven biotransformation. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107808. [PMID: 34324993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes catalyse target reactions under mild conditions with high efficiency, as well as excellent regional-, stereo-, and enantiomeric selectivity. Photocatalysis utilises sustainable and environment-friendly light power to realise efficient chemical conversion. By combining the interdisciplinary advantages of photo- and enzymatic catalysis, the photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid systems have proceeded various light-driven biotransformation with high efficiency under environmentally benign conditions, thus, attracting unparalleled focus during the last decades. It has also been regarded as a promising pathway towards green chemistry utilising ubiquitous solar energy. This systematic review gives insight into this research field by classifying the existing photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid systems into three sections based on different hybridizing modes between photo- and enzymatic catalysis. Furthermore, existing challenges and proposed strategies are discussed within this context. The first system summarised is the cofactor-mediated hybrid system, in which natural/artificial cofactors act as reducing equivalents that connect photocatalysts with enzymes for light-driven enzymatic biotransformation. Second, the direct contact-based photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid systems are described, including two different kinds of electron exchange sites on the enzyme molecules. Third, some cases where photocatalysts and enzymes are integrated into a reaction cascade with specific intermediates will be discussed in the following chapter. Finally, we provide perspective concerning the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Frontier Science Centre for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yao Tian
- Frontier Science Centre for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Mai Zhang
- Frontier Science Centre for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Xiting Peng
- Frontier Science Centre for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Frontier Science Centre for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Jianxun Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Centre for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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25
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The functional expression in yeast of two unusual acidic peroxygenases from Candolleomyces aberdarensis by adopting evolved secretion mutations. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0087821. [PMID: 34288703 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00878-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are emergent biocatalysts that perform highly selective C-H oxyfunctionalizations of organic compounds, yet their heterologous production at high levels is required for their practical use in synthetic chemistry. Here, we achieved functional expression in yeast of two new unusual acidic peroxygenases from Candolleomyces (Psathyrella) aberdarensis (PabUPO) and their production at large scale in bioreactor. Our strategy was based on adopting secretion mutations from Agrocybe aegerita UPO mutant -PaDa-I variant- designed by directed evolution for functional expression in yeast, which belongs to the same phylogenetic family as PabUPOs -long-type UPOs- and that shares 65% sequence identity. After replacing the native signal peptides by the evolved leader sequence from PaDa-I, we constructed and screened site-directed recombination mutant libraries yielding two recombinant PabUPOs with expression levels of 5.4 and 14.1 mg/L in S. cerevisiae. These variants were subsequently transferred to P. pastoris for overproduction in fed-batch bioreactor, boosting expression levels up to 290 mg/L with the highest volumetric activity achieved to date for a recombinant peroxygenase (60,000 U/L, with veratryl alcohol as substrate). With a broad pH activity profile, ranging from 2.0 to 9.0, these highly secreted, active and stable peroxygenases are promising tools for future engineering endeavors, as well as for their direct application in different industrial and environmental settings. IMPORTANCE In this work, we incorporated several secretion mutations from an evolved fungal peroxygenase to enhance the production of active and stable forms of two unusual acidic peroxygenases. The tandem-yeast expression system based on S. cerevisiae for directed evolution and P. pastoris for overproduction in a ∼300 mg/L scale, is a versatile tool to generate UPO variants. By employing this approach, we foresee that acidic UPO variants will be more readily engineered in the near future and adapted to practical enzyme cascade reactions that can be performed over a broad pH range to oxyfunctionalize a variety of organic compounds.
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26
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Püllmann P, Weissenborn MJ. Improving the Heterologous Production of Fungal Peroxygenases through an Episomal Pichia pastoris Promoter and Signal Peptide Shuffling System. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1360-1372. [PMID: 34075757 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fungal peroxygenases (UPOs) have emerged as oxyfunctionalization catalysts of tremendous interest in recent years. However, their widespread use in the field of biocatalysis is still hampered by their challenging heterologous production, substantially limiting the panel of accessible enzymes for investigation and enzyme engineering. Building upon previous work on UPO production in yeast, we have developed a combined promoter and signal peptide shuffling system for episomal high throughput UPO production in the industrially relevant, methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Eleven endogenous and orthologous promoters were shuffled with a diverse set of 17 signal peptides. Three previously described UPOs were selected as first test set, leading to the identification of beneficial promoter/signal peptide combinations for protein production. We applied the system then successfully to produce two novel UPOs: MfeUPO from Myceliophthora fergusii and MhiUPO from Myceliophthora hinnulea. To demonstrate the feasibility of the developed system to other enzyme classes, it was applied for the industrially relevant lipase CalB and the laccase Mrl2. In total, approximately 3200 transformants of eight diverse enzymes were screened and the best promoter/signal peptide combinations studied at various cofeeding, derepression, and induction conditions. High volumetric production titers were achieved by subsequent creation of stable integration lines and harnessing orthologous promoters from Hansenula polymorpha. In most cases promising yields were also achieved without the addition of methanol under derepressed conditions. To foster the use of the episomal high throughput promoter/signal peptide Pichia pastoris system, we made all plasmids available through Addgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Püllmann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin J. Weissenborn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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27
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Tonin F, Tieves F, Willot S, van Troost A, van Oosten R, Breestraat S, van Pelt S, Alcalde M, Hollmann F. Pilot-Scale Production of Peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita. Org Process Res Dev 2021; 25:1414-1418. [PMID: 34168423 PMCID: PMC8218300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The pilot-scale production
of the peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (rAaeUPO) is demonstrated.
In a fed-batch fermentation of the recombinant Pichia
pastoris, the enzyme was secreted into the culture
medium to a final concentration of 0.29 g L–1 corresponding
to 735 g of the peroxygenase in 2500 L of the fermentation broth after
6 days. Due to nonoptimized downstream processing, only 170 g of the
enzyme has been isolated. The preparative usefulness of the so-obtained
enzyme preparation has been demonstrated at a semipreparative scale
(100 mL) as an example of the stereoselective hydroxylation of ethyl
benzene. Using an adjusted H2O2 feed rate, linear
product formation was observed for 7 days, producing more than 5 g
L–1 (R)-1-phenyl ethanol. The biocatalyst
performed more than 340.000 catalytic turnovers (942 g of the product
per gram of rAaeUPO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Tonin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Willot
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anouska van Troost
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Remco van Oosten
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Stefaan Breestraat
- Bioprocess Pilot Facility B.V., Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sander van Pelt
- Bioprocess Pilot Facility B.V., Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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28
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Jurgeleit R, Grimm-Lebsanft B, Flöser BM, Teubner M, Buchenau S, Senft L, Hoffmann J, Naumova M, Näther C, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Rübhausen M, Tuczek F. Catalytic Oxygenation of Hydrocarbons by Mono-μ-oxo Dicopper(II) Species Resulting from O-O Cleavage of Tetranuclear Cu I /Cu II Peroxo Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14154-14162. [PMID: 33856088 PMCID: PMC8251984 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges of catalysis is the transformation of inert C-H bonds to useful products. Copper-containing monooxygenases play an important role in this regard. Here we show that low-temperature oxygenation of dinuclear copper(I) complexes leads to unusual tetranuclear, mixed-valent μ4 -peroxo [CuI /CuII ]2 complexes. These Cu4 O2 intermediates promote irreversible and thermally activated O-O bond homolysis, generating Cu2 O complexes that catalyze strongly exergonic H-atom abstraction from hydrocarbons, coupled to O-transfer. The Cu2 O species can also be produced with N2 O, demonstrating their capability for small-molecule activation. The binding and cleavage of O2 leading to the primary Cu4 O2 intermediate and the Cu2 O complexes, respectively, is elucidated with a range of solution spectroscopic methods and mass spectrometry. The unique reactivities of these species establish an unprecedented, 100 % atom-economic scenario for the catalytic, copper-mediated monooxygenation of organic substrates, employing both O-atoms of O2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Jurgeleit
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grimm-Lebsanft
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Maria Flöser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mühlheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Melissa Teubner
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sören Buchenau
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Senft
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Hoffmann
- Institute for Analytical and Organic Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,MAPEX, Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstrasse 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maria Naumova
- DESY, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus D, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Michael Rübhausen
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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29
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Jurgeleit R, Grimm‐Lebsanft B, Flöser BM, Teubner M, Buchenau S, Senft L, Hoffmann J, Naumova M, Näther C, Ivanović‐Burmazović I, Rübhausen M, Tuczek F. Katalytische Oxygenierung von Kohlenwasserstoffen durch Mono‐μ‐oxo‐Dikupfer(II)‐Spezies erzeugt durch O‐O‐Spaltung von tetranuklearen Cu
I
/Cu
II
‐Peroxo‐Komplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Jurgeleit
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - Benjamin Grimm‐Lebsanft
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL) Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - Benedikt Maria Flöser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 24118 Kiel Deutschland
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mühlheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Melissa Teubner
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL) Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Deutschland
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Sören Buchenau
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL) Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - Laura Senft
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Jonas Hoffmann
- Institute for Analytical and Organic Chemistry University of Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Deutschland
- MAPEX, Center for Materials and Processes University of Bremen Bibliothekstrasse 1 28359 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Maria Naumova
- DESY, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - Christian Näther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - Ivana Ivanović‐Burmazović
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus D 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Michael Rübhausen
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL) Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 24118 Kiel Deutschland
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30
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Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening of Novel Competitive Inhibitors of the Neurodegenerative Disease Target Kynurenine-3-Monooxygenase. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113314. [PMID: 34073016 PMCID: PMC8199213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s or Huntington’s disease has been associated with metabolic dysfunctions caused by imbalances in the brain and cerebral spinal fluid levels of neuroactive metabolites. Kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) is considered an ideal therapeutic target for the regulation of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites. Despite significant efforts, the known KMO inhibitors lack blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and upon the mimicking of the substrate binding mode, are subject to produce reactive oxygen species as a side reaction. The computational drug design is further complicated by the absence of complete crystal structure information for human KMO (hKMO). In the current work, we performed virtual screening of readily available compounds using several protein–ligand complex pharmacophores. Each of the pharmacophores accounts for one of three distinct reported KMO protein-inhibitor binding conformations. As a result, six novel KMO inhibitors were discovered based on an in vitro fluorescence assay. Compounds VS1 and VS6 were predicted to be BBB permeable and avoid the hydrogen peroxide production dilemma, making them valuable, novel hit compounds for further drug property optimization and advancement in the drug design pipeline.
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31
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Advances in enzymatic oxyfunctionalization of aliphatic compounds. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107703. [PMID: 33545329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Selective oxyfunctionalizations of aliphatic compounds are difficult chemical reactions, where enzymes can play an important role due to their stereo- and regio-selectivity and operation under mild reaction conditions. P450 monooxygenases are well-known biocatalysts that mediate oxyfunctionalization reactions in different living organisms (from bacteria to humans). Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs), discovered in fungi, have arisen as "dream biocatalysts" of great biotechnological interest because they catalyze the oxyfunctionalization of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, avoiding the necessity of expensive cofactors and regeneration systems, and only depending on H2O2 for their catalysis. Here, we summarize recent advances in aliphatic oxyfunctionalization reactions by UPOs, as well as the molecular determinants of the enzyme structures responsible for their activities, emphasizing the differences found between well-known P450s and the novel fungal peroxygenases.
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32
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In situ H 2O 2 generation methods in the context of enzyme biocatalysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 145:109744. [PMID: 33750536 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is a versatile oxidant that has use in medical and biotechnology industries. Many enzymes require this oxidant as a reaction mediator in order to undergo their oxygenation chemistries. While there is a reliable method for generating hydrogen peroxide via an anthraquinone cycle, there are several advantages for generating hydrogen in situ. As highlighted in this review, this is particularly beneficial in the case of biocatalysts that require hydrogen peroxide as a reaction mediator because the exogenous addition of hydrogen peroxide can damage their reactive heme centers and render them inactive. In addition, generation of hydrogen peroxide in situ does not dilute the reaction mixture and cause solution parameters to change. The environment would also benefit from a hydrogen peroxide synthesis cycle that does not rely on nonrenewable chemicals obtained from fossil fuels. Generation of hydrogen peroxide in situ for biocatalysis using enzymes, bioelectrocatalyis, photocatalysis, and cold temperature plasmas are addressed. Particular emphasis is given to reaction processes that support high total turnover numbers (TTNs) of the hydrogen peroxide-requiring enzymes. Discussion of innovations in the use of hydrogen peroxide-producing enzyme cascades for antimicrobial activity, wastewater effluent treatment, and biosensors are also included.
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33
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Röllig R, Paul CE, Claeys-Bruno M, Duquesne K, Kara S, Alphand V. Divorce in the two-component BVMO family: the single oxygenase for enantioselective chemo-enzymatic Baeyer-Villiger oxidations. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3441-3450. [PMID: 33899864 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00015b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two-component flavoprotein monooxygenases consist of a reductase and an oxygenase enzyme. The proof of functionality of the latter without its counterpart as well as the mechanism of flavin transfer remains unanswered beyond doubt. To tackle this question, we utilized a reductase-free reaction system applying purified 2,5-diketocamphane-monooxygenase I (2,5-DKCMO), a FMN-dependent type II Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase, and synthetic nicotinamide analogues (NCBs) as dihydropyridine derivatives for FMN reduction. This system demonstrated the stand-alone quality of the oxygenase, as well as the mechanism of FMNH2 transport by free diffusion. The efficiency of this reductase-free system strongly relies on the balance of FMN reduction and enzymatic (re)oxidation, since reduced FMN in solution causes undesired side reactions, such as hydrogen peroxide formation. Design of experiments allowed us to (i) investigate the effect of various reaction parameters, underlining the importance to balance the FMN/FMNH2 cycle, (ii) optimize the reaction system for the enzymatic Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of rac-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one, rac-camphor, and rac-norcamphor. Finally, this study not only demonstrates the reductase-independence of 2,5-DKCMO, but also revisits the terminology of two-component flavoprotein monooxygenases for this specific case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Röllig
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, Marseille, France. and Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | | | - Katia Duquesne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Véronique Alphand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, Marseille, France.
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34
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Srivastava V, Singh PK, Srivastava A, Singh PP. Synthetic applications of flavin photocatalysis: a review. RSC Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00925g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Encouraging developments in the field of photocatalysis in last decades, biomolecules namely flavins have been observed to act as a catalyst in several photoredox-catalysed synthetic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry
- CMP Degree College
- University of Allahabad
- Prayagraj 211002
- India
| | - Pravin K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- CMP Degree College
- University of Allahabad
- Prayagraj 211002
- India
| | - Arjita Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry
- CMP Degree College
- University of Allahabad
- Prayagraj 211002
- India
| | - Praveen P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- United College of Engineering & Research
- Prayagraj 211010
- India
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35
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Zhang GX, You ZN, Yu JM, Liu YY, Pan J, Xu JH, Li CX. Discovery and Engineering of a Novel Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase with High Normal Regioselectivity. Chembiochem 2020; 22:1190-1195. [PMID: 33205522 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are remarkable biocatalysts for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones to generate esters or lactones. The regioselectivity of BVMOs is essential for determining the ratio of the two regioisomeric products ("normal" and "abnormal") when catalyzing asymmetric ketone substrates. Starting from a known normal-preferring BVMO sequence from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (PpBVMO), a novel BVMO from Gordonia sihwensis (GsBVMO) with higher normal regioselectivity (up to 97/3) was identified. Furthermore, protein engineering increased the specificity constant (kcat /KM ) 8.9-fold to 484 s-1 mM-1 for 10-ketostearic acid derived from oleic acid. Consequently, by using the variant GsBVMOC308L as an efficient biocatalyst, 10-ketostearic acid was efficiently transformed into 9-(nonanoyloxy)nonanoic acid, with a space-time yield of 60.5 g L-1 d-1 . This study showed that the mutant with higher regioselectivity and catalytic efficiency could be applied to prepare medium-chain ω-hydroxy fatty acids through biotransformation of long-chain aliphatic keto acids derived from renewable plant oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Neng You
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.,Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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36
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Oka M, Katsube D, Tsuji T, Iida H. Phototropin-Inspired Chemoselective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfides: Aerobic Oxidative Heterocoupling of Thiols Using Flavin Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:9244-9248. [PMID: 33226236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the photochemical mechanism of a plant blue-light receptor, a unique flavin-based photocatalytic system was developed for the chemoselective heterocoupling of two different thiols, which enabled the facile synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides. Owing to the redox- and photo-organocatalysis of flavin, the coupling reaction took place under mild metal-free conditions and visible light irradiation with the use of air, which is recognized as the ideal green oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Oka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
| | - Daichi Katsube
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
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37
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Eidenschenk C, Cheruzel L. Ru(II)-diimine complexes and cytochrome P450 working hand-in-hand. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 213:111254. [PMID: 32979791 PMCID: PMC7686262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
With a growing interest in utilizing visible light to drive biocatalytic processes, several light-harvesting units and approaches have been employed to harness the synthetic potential of heme monooxygenases and carry out selective oxyfunctionalization of a wide range of substrates. While the fields of cytochrome P450 and Ru(II) photochemistry have separately been prolific, it is not until the turn of the 21st century that they converged. Non-covalent and subsequently covalently attached Ru(II) complexes were used to promote rapid intramolecular electron transfer in bacterial P450 enzymes. Photocatalytic activity with Ru(II)-modified P450 enzymes was achieved under reductive conditions with a judicious choice of a sacrificial electron donor. The initial concept of Ru(II)-modified P450 enzymes was further improved using protein engineering, photosensitizer functionalization and was successfully applied to other P450 enzymes. In this review, we wish to present the recent contributions from our group and others in utilizing Ru(II) complexes coupled with P450 enzymes in the broad context of photobiocatalysis, protein assemblies and chemoenzymatic reactions. The merging of chemical catalysts with the synthetic potential of P450 enzymes has led to the development of several chemoenzymatic approaches. Moreover, strained Ru(II) compounds have been shown to selectively inhibit P450 enzymes by releasing aromatic heterocycle containing molecules upon visible light excitation taking advantage of the rapid ligand loss feature in those complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Eidenschenk
- Department Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lionel Cheruzel
- San José State University, Department of Chemistry, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0101, USA.
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38
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Chen H, Simoska O, Lim K, Grattieri M, Yuan M, Dong F, Lee YS, Beaver K, Weliwatte S, Gaffney EM, Minteer SD. Fundamentals, Applications, and Future Directions of Bioelectrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12903-12993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matteo Grattieri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mengwei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yoo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kevin Beaver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Samali Weliwatte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Erin M. Gaffney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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39
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Amongre R, Gassner G. Regenerable copper anode for the Cu(I)-mediated reduction of FAD in the electroenzymatic styrene epoxidation reaction. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 137:107679. [PMID: 33120296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Styrene monooxygenase (SMO) is a two-component flavoenzyme composed of NADH-dependent flavin reductase (SMOB) and FAD-specific styrene epoxidase (NSMOA) components. The enantioselective styrene epoxidation reaction catalyzed by this enzyme can be streamlined for chemosynthetic applications by substituting NADH and the reductase with an electrode to supply the epoxidase with reducing equivalents required for catalysis. Slow kinetics of adsorption and desorption of FAD from the electrode surface and unproductive side reactions of the reduced flavin with oxygen limit the efficiency of direct electroenzymatic catalysis. In the present work we develop a miniature spectroelectrochemical cell equipped with a copper electrode for the anodic synthesis of Cu(I) chelates of EDTA, glutamate, and citrate as FAD-reducing agents, and a platinum electrode for the electrolytic generation of oxygen. Copper oxidized in the flavin reduction reaction can be reclaimed subsequently as copper metal at the electrode surface. About 80% transformation of styrene is achieved in a single cell cycle of reduction and oxygenation at pH 7 and 25 °C in good agreement with that predicted by numerical simulation. When the cell is operated in two successive cycles, styrene oxide can be synthesized with an electroenzymatic epoxidation activity of 663U/g in 94% yield. This approach to electroenzymatic catalysis shows promise for the quantitative transformation of styrene to styrene oxide and may be applied more generally to other flavoprotein monooxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Amongre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - George Gassner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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40
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Minges H, Sewald N. Recent Advances in Synthetic Application and Engineering of Halogenases. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Minges
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33501 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33501 Bielefeld Germany
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41
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Al-Shameri A, Willot SJP, Paul CE, Hollmann F, Lauterbach L. H 2 as a fuel for flavin- and H 2O 2-dependent biocatalytic reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9667-9670. [PMID: 32696786 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The soluble hydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha provides an atom efficient regeneration system for reduced flavin cofactors using H2 as an electron source. We demonstrated this system for highly selective ene-reductase-catalyzed C[double bond, length as m-dash]C-double bond reductions and monooxygenase-catalyzed epoxidation. Reactions were expanded to aerobic conditions to supply H2O2 for peroxygenase-catalyzed hydroxylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Al-Shameri
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17, Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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42
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Deazaflavin reductive photocatalysis involves excited semiquinone radicals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3174. [PMID: 32576821 PMCID: PMC7311442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavin-mediated photocatalytic oxidations are established in synthetic chemistry. In contrast, their use in reductive chemistry is rare. Deazaflavins with a much lower reduction potential are even better suited for reductive chemistry rendering also deazaflavin semiquinones as strong reductants. However, no direct evidence exists for the involvement of these radical species in reductive processes. Here, we synthesise deazaflavins with different substituents at C5 and demonstrate their photocatalytic activity in the dehalogenation of p-halogenanisoles with best performance under basic conditions. Mechanistic investigations reveal a consecutive photo-induced electron transfer via the semiquinone form of the deazaflavin as part of a triplet-correlated radical pair after electron transfer from a sacrificial electron donor to the triplet state. A second electron transfer from the excited semiquinone to p-halogenanisoles triggers the final product formation. This study provides first evidence that the reductive power of excited deazaflavin semiquinones can be used in photocatalytic reductive chemistry. Flavins and deazaflavins are well suited for photoredox processes but their application in photoreductions is challenging. Here, the authors provide direct evidence of the high reductive power of excited deazaflavin semiquinones and their application in catalytic photodehalogenations.
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43
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Liu L, Li S, Sun R, Qin X, Ju J, Zhang C, Duan Y, Huang Y. Activation and Characterization of Bohemamine Biosynthetic Gene Cluster from Streptomyces sp. CB02009. Org Lett 2020; 22:4614-4619. [PMID: 32463693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bohemamines (BHMs) are bacterial alkaloids containing a pyrrolizidine core with two unusual methyl groups. Herein we report the activation of BHMs biosynthesis using a ribosome engineering approach. Characterization of the bhm gene cluster reveals that nonribosomal peptide synthetase BhmJ and Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase BhmK are responsible for the formation of the pyrrolizidine core, which is further methylated on C-7 by methyltransferase BhmG. The 9-methyl group of BHMs is instead originated from a nonproteinogenic amino acid (2S,5S)-5-methylproline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Runze Sun
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangjing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jianhua Ju
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
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44
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Mie Y, Yasutake Y, Takayama H, Tamura T. Electrochemically boosted cytochrome P450 reaction that efficiently produces 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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45
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Yoon J, Kim J, Tieves F, Zhang W, Alcalde M, Hollmann F, Park CB. Piezobiocatalysis: Ultrasound-Driven Enzymatic Oxyfunctionalization of C–H Bonds. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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46
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Jiang J, Chen HY, Zhou XT, Chen YJ, Xue C, Ji HB. Biomimetic Aerobic Epoxidation of Alkenes Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrin under Ambient Conditions in the Presence of Sunflower Seeds Oil as a Co-Substrate. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4890-4899. [PMID: 32201774 PMCID: PMC7081295 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a mild and sustainable catalytic aerobic epoxidation of alkenes catalyzed by cobalt porphyrin was performed in the presence of sunflower seeds oil. Under ambient conditions, the conversion rate of trans-stilbene reached 99%, and selectivity toward epoxide formation was 88%. The kinetic studies showed that the aerobic epoxidation followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Mass spectroscopy and in situ electron spin resonance indicated that linoleic acid was converted to fatty aldehydes via hydroperoxide intermediates. A plausible mechanism of epoxidation of alkenes was accordingly proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Fine
Chemical Industry Research Institute, the Key Laboratory of Low-carbon
Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School
of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hong-Yu Chen
- Fine
Chemical Industry Research Institute, the Key Laboratory of Low-carbon
Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School
of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xian-Tai Zhou
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- E-mail: (X.-T. Zhou)
| | - Ya-Ju Chen
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University
of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, P.R. China
| | - Can Xue
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Hong-Bing Ji
- Fine
Chemical Industry Research Institute, the Key Laboratory of Low-carbon
Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School
of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University
of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, P.R. China
- E-mail: . Tel.: +86-20-84113658. Fax: +86-20-84113654 (H.-B. Ji)
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47
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Sheldon RA, Brady D, Bode ML. The Hitchhiker's guide to biocatalysis: recent advances in the use of enzymes in organic synthesis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2587-2605. [PMID: 32206264 PMCID: PMC7069372 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are excellent catalysts that are increasingly being used in industry and academia. This perspective is primarily aimed at synthetic organic chemists with limited experience using enzymes and provides a general and practical guide to enzymes and their synthetic potential, with particular focus on recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
- Department of Biotechnology , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
| | - Moira L Bode
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
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48
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Bugnola M, Shen K, Haviv E, Neumann R. Reductive Electrochemical Activation of Molecular Oxygen Catalyzed by an Iron-Tungstate Oxide Capsule: Reactivity Studies Consistent with Compound I Type Oxidants. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bugnola
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Kaiji Shen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eynat Haviv
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ronny Neumann
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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49
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Peng Y, Li D, Fan J, Xu W, Xu J, Yu H, Lin X, Wu Q. Enantiocomplementary C-H Bond Hydroxylation Combining Photo-Catalysis and Whole-Cell Biocatalysis in a One-Pot Cascade Process. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Peng
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Jiajie Fan
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Huilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 200237 Shanghai China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
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50
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Pitsawong W, Chenprakhon P, Dhammaraj T, Medhanavyn D, Sucharitakul J, Tongsook C, van Berkel WJH, Chaiyen P, Miller AF. Tuning of p Ka values activates substrates in flavin-dependent aromatic hydroxylases. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3965-3981. [PMID: 32014994 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylation of substituted phenols by flavin-dependent monooxygenases is the first step of their biotransformation in various microorganisms. The reaction is thought to proceed via electrophilic aromatic substitution, catalyzed by enzymatic deprotonation of substrate, in single-component hydroxylases that use flavin as a cofactor (group A). However, two-component hydroxylases (group D), which use reduced flavin as a co-substrate, are less amenable to spectroscopic investigation. Herein, we employed 19F NMR in conjunction with fluorinated substrate analogs to directly measure pKa values and to monitor protein events in hydroxylase active sites. We found that the single-component monooxygenase 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase (3HB6H) depresses the pKa of the bound substrate analog 4-fluoro-3-hydroxybenzoate (4F3HB) by 1.6 pH units, consistent with previously proposed mechanisms. 19F NMR was applied anaerobically to the two-component monooxygenase 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase (HPAH), revealing depression of the pKa of 3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylacetate by 2.5 pH units upon binding to the C2 component of HPAH. 19F NMR also revealed a pKa of 8.7 ± 0.05 that we attributed to an active-site residue involved in deprotonating bound substrate, and assigned to His-120 based on studies of protein variants. Thus, in both types of hydroxylases, we confirmed that binding favors the phenolate form of substrate. The 9 and 14 kJ/mol magnitudes of the effects for 3HB6H and HPAH-C2, respectively, are consistent with pKa tuning by one or more H-bonding interactions. Our implementation of 19F NMR in anaerobic samples is applicable to other two-component flavin-dependent hydroxylases and promises to expand our understanding of their catalytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warintra Pitsawong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - Pirom Chenprakhon
- Institute for Innovative Learning, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Taweesak Dhammaraj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Dheeradhach Medhanavyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jeerus Sucharitakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Tongsook
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Willem J H van Berkel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan Valley, 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Anne-Frances Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
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