1
|
Bright RK. Preclinical support for tumor protein D52 as a cancer vaccine antigen. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2273699. [PMID: 37904517 PMCID: PMC10760363 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2273699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpressed tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are a large group that includes proteins found at increased levels in tumors compared to healthy cells. Universal tumor expression can be defined as overexpression in all cancers examined as has been shown for Tumor Protein D52. TPD52 is an over expressed TAA actively involved in transformation, leading to increased proliferation and metastasis. TPD52 overexpression has been demonstrated in many human adult and pediatric malignancies. The murine orthologue of TPD52 (mD52) parallels normal tissue expression patterns and known functions of human TPD52 (hD52). Here in we present our preclinical studies over the past 15 years which have demonstrated that vaccine induced immunity against mD52 is effective against multiple cancers in murine models, without inducing autoimmunity against healthy tissues and cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. Bright
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine and Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang H, Zhou Y, Chu C, Xiao J, Zheng S, Korpal M, Korn JM, Penaloza T, Drake RR, Gan W, Gao X. Generating a Murine PTEN Null Cell Line to Discover the Key Role of p110β-PAK1 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Invasion. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1317-1328. [PMID: 37606694 PMCID: PMC10841189 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Although androgen deprivation treatment often effectively decreases prostate cancer, incurable metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) eventually occurs. It is important to understand how CRPC metastasis progresses, which is not clearly defined. The loss of PTEN, a phosphatase to dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in the PI3K pathway, occurs in up to 70% to 80% of CRPC. We generated a mouse androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line (PKO) from PTEN null and Hi-Myc transgenic mice in C57BL/6 background. We confirmed that this PKO cell line has an activated PI3K pathway and can metastasize into the femur and tibia of immunodeficient nude and immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. In vitro, we found that androgen deprivation significantly enhanced PKO cell migration/invasion via the p110β isoform-depended PAK1-MAPK activation. Inhibition of the p110β-PAK1 axis significantly decreased prostate cancer cell migration/invasion. Of note, our analysis using clinical samples showed that PAK1 is more activated in CRPC than in advanced prostate cancer; high PAK1/phosphorylated-PAK1 levels are associated with decreased survival rates in patients with CRPC. All the information suggests that this cell line reflects the characteristics of CRPC cells and can be applied to dissect the mechanism of CRPC initiation and progression. This study also shows that PAK1 is a potential target for CRPC treatment. IMPLICATIONS This study uses a newly generated PTEN null prostate cancer cell line to define a critical functional role of p110β-PAK1 in CRPC migration/invasion. This study also shows that the p110β-PAK1 axis can potentially be a therapeutic target in CRPC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jialing Xiao
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manav Korpal
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua M Korn
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tiffany Penaloza
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Richard R. Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wenjian Gan
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xueliang Gao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fennessy FM, Maier SE. Quantitative diffusion MRI in prostate cancer: Image quality, what we can measure and how it improves clinical assessment. Eur J Radiol 2023; 167:111066. [PMID: 37651828 PMCID: PMC10623580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging is a dependable method for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. In prostate tissue, there are several compartments that can be distinguished from each other, based on different water diffusion decay signals observed. Alterations in cell architecture, such as a relative increase in tumor infiltration and decrease in stroma, will influence the observed diffusion signal in a voxel due to impeded random motion of water molecules. The amount of restricted diffusion can be assessed quantitatively by measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value. This is traditionally calculated using a monoexponential decay formula represented by the slope of a line produced between the logarithm of signal intensity decay plotted against selected b-values. However, the choice and number of b-values and their distribution, has a significant effect on the measured ADC values. There have been many models that attempt to use higher-order functions to better describe the observed diffusion signal decay, requiring an increased number and range of b-values. While ADC can probe heterogeneity on a macroscopic level, there is a need to optimize advanced diffusion techniques to better interrogate prostate tissue microstructure. This could be of benefit in clinical challenges such as identifying sparse tumors in normal prostate tissue or better defining tumor margins. This paper reviews the principles of diffusion MRI and novel higher order diffusion signal analysis techniques to improve the detection of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Fennessy
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Stephan E Maier
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Laajala TD, Sreekanth V, Soupir AC, Creed JH, Halkola AS, Calboli FCF, Singaravelu K, Orman MV, Colin-Leitzinger C, Gerke T, Fridley BL, Tyekucheva S, Costello JC. A harmonized resource of integrated prostate cancer clinical, -omic, and signature features. Sci Data 2023; 10:430. [PMID: 37407670 PMCID: PMC10322899 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic and transcriptomic data have been generated across a wide range of prostate cancer (PCa) study cohorts. These data can be used to better characterize the molecular features associated with clinical outcomes and to test hypotheses across multiple, independent patient cohorts. In addition, derived features, such as estimates of cell composition, risk scores, and androgen receptor (AR) scores, can be used to develop novel hypotheses leveraging existing multi-omic datasets. The full potential of such data is yet to be realized as independent datasets exist in different repositories, have been processed using different pipelines, and derived and clinical features are often not provided or not standardized. Here, we present the curatedPCaData R package, a harmonized data resource representing >2900 primary tumor, >200 normal tissue, and >500 metastatic PCa samples across 19 datasets processed using standardized pipelines with updated gene annotations. We show that meta-analysis across harmonized studies has great potential for robust and clinically meaningful insights. curatedPCaData is an open and accessible community resource with code made available for reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teemu D Laajala
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Varsha Sreekanth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alex C Soupir
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jordan H Creed
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anni S Halkola
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Federico C F Calboli
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), F-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | | | - Michael V Orman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alfahed A, Ebili HO, Almoammar NE, Alasiri G, AlKhamees OA, Aldali JA, Al Othaim A, Hakami ZH, Abdulwahed AM, Waggiallah HA. Prognostic Values of Gene Copy Number Alterations in Prostate Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14050956. [PMID: 37239316 DOI: 10.3390/genes14050956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst risk prediction for individual prostate cancer (PCa) cases is of a high priority, the current risk stratification indices for PCa management have severe limitations. This study aimed to identify gene copy number alterations (CNAs) with prognostic values and to determine if any combination of gene CNAs could have risk stratification potentials. Clinical and genomic data of 500 PCa cases from the Cancer Genome Atlas stable were retrieved from the Genomic Data Commons and cBioPortal databases. The CNA statuses of a total of 52 genetic markers, including 21 novel markers and 31 previously identified potential prognostic markers, were tested for prognostic significance. The CNA statuses of a total of 51/52 genetic markers were significantly associated with advanced disease at an odds ratio threshold of ≥1.5 or ≤0.667. Moreover, a Kaplan-Meier test identified 27/52 marker CNAs which correlated with disease progression. A Cox Regression analysis showed that the amplification of MIR602 and deletions of MIR602, ZNF267, MROH1, PARP8, and HCN1 correlated with a progression-free survival independent of the disease stage and Gleason prognostic group grade. Furthermore, a binary logistic regression analysis identified twenty-two panels of markers with risk stratification potentials. The best model of 7/52 genetic CNAs, which included the SPOP alteration, SPP1 alteration, CCND1 amplification, PTEN deletion, CDKN1B deletion, PARP8 deletion, and NKX3.1 deletion, stratified the PCa cases into a localised and advanced disease with an accuracy of 70.0%, sensitivity of 85.4%, specificity of 44.9%, positive predictive value of 71.67%, and negative predictive value of 65.35%. This study validated prognostic gene level CNAs identified in previous studies, as well as identified new genetic markers with CNAs that could potentially impact risk stratification in PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alfahed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henry Okuchukwu Ebili
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye P.M.B. 2002, Nigeria
| | - Nasser Eissa Almoammar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Glowi Alasiri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A AlKhamees
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad A Aldali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaki H Hakami
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhadi M Abdulwahed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Ali Waggiallah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Laajala TD, Sreekanth V, Soupir A, Creed J, Calboli FCF, Singaravelu K, Orman M, Colin-Leitzinger C, Gerke T, Fidley BL, Tyekucheva S, Costello JC. curatedPCaData: Integration of clinical, genomic, and signature features in a curated and harmonized prostate cancer data resource. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.524403. [PMID: 36711769 PMCID: PMC9882125 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genomic and transcriptomic data have been generated across a wide range of prostate cancer (PCa) study cohorts. These data can be used to better characterize the molecular features associated with clinical outcomes and to test hypotheses across multiple, independent patient cohorts. In addition, derived features, such as estimates of cell composition, risk scores, and androgen receptor (AR) scores, can be used to develop novel hypotheses leveraging existing multi-omic datasets. The full potential of such data is yet to be realized as independent datasets exist in different repositories, have been processed using different pipelines, and derived and clinical features are often not provided or unstandardized. Here, we present the curatedPCaData R package, a harmonized data resource representing >2900 primary tumor, >200 normal tissue, and >500 metastatic PCa samples across 19 datasets processed using standardized pipelines with updated gene annotations. We show that meta-analysis across harmonized studies has great potential for robust and clinically meaningful insights. curatedPCaData is an open and accessible community resource with code made available for reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teemu D Laajala
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Varsha Sreekanth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alex Soupir
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jordan Creed
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Federico CF Calboli
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), F-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | | | - Michael Orman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brooke L. Fidley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eickelschulte S, Riediger AL, Angeles AK, Janke F, Duensing S, Sültmann H, Görtz M. Biomarkers for the Detection and Risk Stratification of Aggressive Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246094. [PMID: 36551580 PMCID: PMC9777028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current strategies for the clinical management of prostate cancer are inadequate for a precise risk stratification between indolent and aggressive tumors. Recently developed tissue-based molecular biomarkers have refined the risk assessment of the disease. The characterization of tissue biopsy components and subsequent identification of relevant tissue-based molecular alterations have the potential to improve the clinical decision making and patient outcomes. However, tissue biopsies are invasive and spatially restricted due to tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for complementary diagnostic and prognostic options. Liquid biopsy approaches are minimally invasive with potential utility for the early detection, risk stratification, and monitoring of tumors. In this review, we focus on tissue and liquid biopsy biomarkers for early diagnosis and risk stratification of prostate cancer, including modifications on the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels. High-risk molecular alterations combined with orthogonal clinical parameters can improve the identification of aggressive tumors and increase patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Eickelschulte
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit, Multiparametric Methods for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Lisa Riediger
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit, Multiparametric Methods for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arlou Kristina Angeles
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Janke
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Görtz
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit, Multiparametric Methods for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-42-2603
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martinez-Fundichely A, Dixon A, Khurana E. Modeling tissue-specific breakpoint proximity of structural variations from whole-genomes to identify cancer drivers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5640. [PMID: 36163358 PMCID: PMC9512825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variations (SVs) in cancer cells often impact large genomic regions with functional consequences. However, identification of SVs under positive selection is a challenging task because little is known about the genomic features related to the background breakpoint distribution in different cancers. We report a method that uses a generalized additive model to investigate the breakpoint proximity curves from 2,382 whole-genomes of 32 cancer types. We find that a multivariate model, which includes linear and nonlinear partial contributions of various tissue-specific features and their interaction terms, can explain up to 57% of the observed deviance of breakpoint proximity. In particular, three-dimensional genomic features such as topologically associating domains (TADs), TAD-boundaries and their interaction with other features show significant contributions. The model is validated by identification of known cancer genes and revealed putative drivers in cancers different than those with previous evidence of positive selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Martinez-Fundichely
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Austin Dixon
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Ekta Khurana
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zahra K, Shabbir M, Badshah Y, Trembley JH, Badar Z, Khan K, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Alruwaili NW, Razak S. Determining KLF14 tertiary structure and diagnostic significance in brain cancer progression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8039. [PMID: 35577881 PMCID: PMC9110742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression analysis of new protein targets may play a crucial role in the early detection and diagnosis of brain tumor progression. The study aimed to investigate the possible relation of KLF14, TPD52, miR-124, and PKCε in the development and progression of brain cancer and space occupying lesion (SOL) of the brain. One hundred human blood samples comprising varying diagnostic groups (SOL brain, grade I, II, III, IV) were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR to determine the expression level of KLF14, TPD52, miR-124, and PKCε. TPD52 and PKCε were upregulated in brain cancer by 2.5- and 1.6-fold, respectively, whereas, KLF14 and miR-124 were downregulated in brain cancer. In metastatic and high-grade brain cancer, TPD52 and PKCε expression were up-regulated and KLF14 and miR-124 expression were down-regulated. Further, these genes were found to be differentially expressed in the blood of patients with SOL. Upregulation of TPD52 and PKCε, however, reduced expression of KLF14 and miR-124 in SOL of the brain as compared to healthy controls. Expression analysis of TPD52, KLF14, miR-124, and PKCε provided useful information on the differences existing between the normal brain and SOL, in addition to gliomas; thus, might prove to be useful having diagnostic or prognostic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Zahra
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Shabbir
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Yasmin Badshah
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Janeen H Trembley
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System Research Service, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zunaira Badar
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf W Alruwaili
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mandigo AC, Shafi AA, McCann JJ, Yuan W, Laufer TS, Bogdan D, Gallagher L, Dylgjeri E, Semenova G, Vasilevskaya IA, Schiewer MJ, McNair CM, de Bono JS, Knudsen KE. Novel Oncogenic Transcription Factor Cooperation in RB-Deficient Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:221-234. [PMID: 34625422 PMCID: PMC9397633 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) is a critical regulator of E2F-dependent transcription, controlling a multitude of protumorigenic networks including but not limited to cell-cycle control. Here, genome-wide assessment of E2F1 function after RB loss in isogenic models of prostate cancer revealed unexpected repositioning and cooperation with oncogenic transcription factors, including the major driver of disease progression, the androgen receptor (AR). Further investigation revealed that observed AR/E2F1 cooperation elicited novel transcriptional networks that promote cancer phenotypes, especially as related to evasion of cell death. These observations were reflected in assessment of human disease, indicating the clinical relevance of the AR/E2F1 cooperome in prostate cancer. Together, these studies reveal new mechanisms by which RB loss induces cancer progression and highlight the importance of understanding the targets of E2F1 function. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies that RB loss in prostate cancer drives cooperation between AR and E2F1 as coregulators of transcription, which is linked to the progression of advanced disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Mandigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ayesha A Shafi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer J McCann
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Talya S Laufer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Denisa Bogdan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lewis Gallagher
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emanuela Dylgjeri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Galina Semenova
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Irina A Vasilevskaya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chris M McNair
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Langbein BJ, Szczepankiewicz F, Westin CF, Bay C, Maier SE, Kibel AS, Tempany CM, Fenness FM. A Pilot Study of Multidimensional Diffusion MRI for Assessment of Tissue Heterogeneity in Prostate Cancer. Invest Radiol 2021; 56:845-853. [PMID: 34049334 PMCID: PMC8626531 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this exploratory study were to investigate the feasibility of multidimensional diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MddMRI) in assessing diffusion heterogeneity at both a macroscopic and microscopic level in prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS Informed consent was obtained from 46 subjects who underwent 3.0-T prostate multiparametric MRI, complemented with a prototype spin echo-based MddMRI sequence in this institutional review board-approved study. Prostate cancer tumors and comparative normal tissue from each patient were contoured on both apparent diffusion coefficient and MddMRI-derived mean diffusivity (MD) maps (from which microscopic diffusion heterogeneity [MKi] and microscopic diffusion anisotropy were derived) using 3D Slicer. The discriminative ability of MddMRI-derived parameters to differentiate PCa from normal tissue was determined using the Friedman test. To determine if tumor diffusion heterogeneity is similar on macroscopic and microscopic scales, the linear association between SD of MD and mean MKi was estimated using robust regression (bisquare weighting). Hypothesis testing was 2 tailed; P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS All MddMRI-derived parameters could distinguish tumor from normal tissue in the fixed-effects analysis (P < 0.0001). Tumor MKi was higher (P < 0.05) compared with normal tissue (median, 0.40; interquartile range, 0.29-0.52 vs 0.20-0.18; 0.25), as was tumor microscopic diffusion anisotropy (0.55; 0.36-0.81 vs 0.20-0.15; 0.28). The MKi could not be predicted (no significant association) by SD of MD. There was a significant correlation between tumor volume and SD of MD (R2 = 0.50, slope = 0.008 μm2/ms per millimeter, P < 0.001) but not between tumor volume and MKi. CONCLUSIONS This explorative study demonstrates that MddMRI provides novel information on MKi and microscopic anisotropy, which differ from measures at the macroscopic level. MddMRI has the potential to characterize tumor tissue heterogeneity at different spatial scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn J. Langbein
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- University Clinic Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Filip Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Westin
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Camden Bay
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephan E. Maier
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adam S. Kibel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Urology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Clare M. Tempany
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Fiona M. Fenness
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nientiedt C, Budczies J, Endris V, Kirchner M, Schwab C, Jurcic C, Behnisch R, Hoveida S, Lantwin P, Kaczorowski A, Geisler C, Dieffenbacher S, Falkenbach F, Franke D, Görtz M, Heller M, Himmelsbach R, Pecqueux C, Rath M, Reimold P, Schütz V, Simunovic I, Walter E, Hofer L, Gasch C, Schönberg G, Pursche L, Hatiboglu G, Nyarangi-Dix J, Sültmann H, Zschäbitz S, Koerber SA, Jäger D, Debus J, Duensing A, Schirmacher P, Hohenfellner M, Stenzinger A, Duensing S. Mutations in TP53 or DNA damage repair genes define poor prognostic subgroups in primary prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 40:8.e11-8.e18. [PMID: 34325986 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in DNA damage repair genes, in particular genes involved in homology-directed repair, define a subgroup of men with prostate cancer with a more unfavorable prognosis but a therapeutic vulnerability to PARP inhibition. In current practice, mutational testing of prostate cancer patients is commonly done late i.e., when the tumor is castration resistant. In addition, most sequencing panels do not include TP53, one of the most crucial tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. In this proof-of-concept study, we sought to extend the clinical use of these molecular markers by exploring the early prognostic impact of mutations in TP53 and DNA damage repair genes in men with primary, nonmetastatic prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy (RPX). METHODS Tumor specimens from a cohort of 68 RPX patients with intermediate (n = 11, 16.2%) or high-risk (n = 57, 83.8%) disease were analyzed by targeted next generation sequencing using a 37 DNA damage repair and checkpoint gene panel including TP53. Sequencing results were correlated to clinicopathologic variables as well as PSA persistence or time to PSA failure. In addition, the distribution of TP53 and DNA damage repair gene mutations was analyzed in three large publicly available datasets (TCGA, MSKCC and SU2C). RESULTS Of 68 primary prostate cancers analyzed, 23 (33.8%) were found to harbor a mutation in either TP53 (n = 12, 17.6%) or a DNA damage repair gene (n = 11, 16.2%). The vast majority of these mutations (22 of 23, 95.7%) were detected in primary tumors from patients with high-risk features. These mutations were mutually exclusive in our cohort and additional data mining suggests an enrichment of DNA damage repair gene mutations in TP53 wild-type tumors. Mutations in either TP53 or a DNA damage repair gene were associated with a significantly worse prognosis after RPX. Importantly, the presence of TP53/DNA damage repair gene mutations was an independent risk factor for PSA failure or PSA persistence in multivariate Cox regression models. CONCLUSION TP53 or DNA damage repair gene mutations are frequently detected in primary prostate cancer with high-risk features and define a subgroup of patients with an increased risk for PSA failure or persistence after RPX. The significant adverse impact of these alterations on patient prognosis may be exploited to identify men with prostate cancer who may benefit from a more intensified treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Nientiedt
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Endris
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin Schwab
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Jurcic
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rouven Behnisch
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shirin Hoveida
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippa Lantwin
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam Kaczorowski
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Geisler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Dieffenbacher
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Falkenbach
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Desiree Franke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Görtz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Heller
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Himmelsbach
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carine Pecqueux
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Rath
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Reimold
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Schütz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iva Simunovic
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Walter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Hofer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Gasch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gita Schönberg
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Pursche
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gencay Hatiboglu
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joanne Nyarangi-Dix
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Zschäbitz
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan A Koerber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anette Duensing
- Cancer Therapeutics Program and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, USA; Precision Oncology of Urological Malignancies, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hohenfellner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Prostate Cancer Biomarkers: From diagnosis to prognosis and precision-guided therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107932. [PMID: 34174272 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and among the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, ranging from remarkably slow progression or inertia to highly aggressive and fatal disease. As therapeutic decision-making, clinical trial design and outcome highly depend on the appropriate stratification of patients to risk groups, it is imperative to differentiate between benign versus more aggressive states. The incorporation of clinically valuable prognostic and predictive biomarkers is also potentially amenable in this process, in the timely prevention of metastatic disease and in the decision for therapy selection. This review summarizes the progress that has so far been made in the identification of the genomic events that can be used for the classification, prediction and prognostication of PCa, and as major targets for clinical intervention. We include an extensive list of emerging biomarkers for which there is enough preclinical evidence to suggest that they may constitute crucial targets for achieving significant advances in the management of the disease. Finally, we highlight the main challenges that are associated with the identification of clinically significant PCa biomarkers and recommend possible ways to overcome such limitations.
Collapse
|
14
|
Teroerde M, Nientiedt C, Duensing A, Hohenfellner M, Stenzinger A, Duensing S. Revisiting the Role of p53 in Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.36255/exonpublications.prostatecancer.p53.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
15
|
Watson MJ, Berger PL, Banerjee K, Frank SB, Tang L, Ganguly SS, Hostetter G, Winn M, Miranti CK. Aberrant CREB1 activation in prostate cancer disrupts normal prostate luminal cell differentiation. Oncogene 2021; 40:3260-3272. [PMID: 33846571 PMCID: PMC10760404 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of luminal cell differentiation are not understood well enough to determine how differentiation goes awry during oncogenesis. Using RNA-Seq analysis, we discovered that CREB1 plays a central role in maintaining new luminal cell survival and that oncogenesis dramatically changes the CREB1-induced transcriptome. CREB1 is active in luminal cells, but not basal cells. We identified ING4 and its E3 ligase, JFK, as CREB1 transcriptional targets in luminal cells. During luminal cell differentiation, transient induction of ING4 expression is followed by a peak in CREB1 activity, while JFK increases concomitantly with CREB1 activation. Transient expression of ING4 is required for luminal cell induction; however, failure to properly down-regulate ING4 leads to luminal cell death. Consequently, blocking CREB1 increased ING4 expression, suppressed JFK, and led to luminal cell death. Thus, CREB1 is responsible for the suppression of ING4 required for luminal cell survival and maintenance. Oncogenic transformation by suppressing PTEN resulted in constitutive activation of CREB1. However, the tumor cells could no longer fully differentiate into luminal cells, failed to express ING4, and displayed a unique CREB1 transcriptome. Blocking CREB1 in tumorigenic cells suppressed tumor growth in vivo, rescued ING4 expression, and restored luminal cell formation, but ultimately induced luminal cell death. IHC of primary prostate tumors demonstrated a strong correlation between loss of ING4 and loss of PTEN. This is the first study to define a molecular mechanism whereby oncogenic loss of PTEN, leading to aberrant CREB1 activation, suppresses ING4 expression causing disruption of luminal cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Watson
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - P L Berger
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - K Banerjee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S B Frank
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - L Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S S Ganguly
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - G Hostetter
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - M Winn
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - C K Miranti
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Miller DR, Ingersoll MA, Teply BA, Lin MF. Targeting treatment options for castration-resistant prostate cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2021; 9:101-120. [PMID: 33816699 PMCID: PMC8012826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed solid tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in U.S. men in 2020. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care for metastatic PCa. Unfortunately, PCa relapse often occurs one to two years after initiation of ADT, resulting in the development of castration-resistant PCa (CRPCa), a lethal disease. While several anticancer agents such as docetaxel, abiraterone acetate, and enzalutamide are currently utilized to extend a patient's life after development of CRPCa, patients will eventually succumb to the disease. Hence, while targeting androgen signaling and utilization of docetaxel remain the most crucial agents for many of these combinations, many studies are attempting to exploit other vulnerabilities of PCa cells, such as inhibition of key survival proteins, anti-angiogenesis agents, and immunotherapies. This review will focus on discussing recent advances on targeting therapy. Several novel small molecules will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dannah R Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Matthew A Ingersoll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton UniversityOmaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A Teply
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sopyllo K, Erickson AM, Mirtti T. Grading Evolution and Contemporary Prognostic Biomarkers of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040628. [PMID: 33562508 PMCID: PMC7914622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer treatment decisions are based on clinical stage and histological diagnosis, including Gleason grading assessed by a pathologist, in biopsies. Prior to staging and grading, serum or blood prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are measured and often trigger diagnostic examinations. However, PSA is best suited as a marker of cancer relapse after initial treatment. In this review, we first narratively describe the evolution of histological grading, the current status of Gleason pattern-based diagnostics and glance into future methodology of risk assessment by histological examination. In the second part, we systematically review the biomarkers that have been shown, independent from clinical characteristics, to correlate with clinically relevant end-points, i.e., occurrence of metastases, disease-specific mortality and overall survival after initial treatment of localized prostate cancer. Abstract Gleason grading remains the strongest prognostic parameter in localized prostate adenocarcinoma. We have here outlined the evolution and contemporary practices in pathological evaluation of prostate tissue samples for Gleason score and Grade group. The state of more observer-independent grading methods with the aid of artificial intelligence is also reviewed. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of biomarkers that hold promise in adding independent prognostic or predictive value on top of clinical parameters, Grade group and PSA. We especially focused on hard end points during the follow-up, i.e., occurrence of metastasis, disease-specific mortality and overall mortality. In peripheral blood, biopsy-detected prostate cancer or in surgical specimens, we can conclude that there are more than sixty biomarkers that have been shown to have independent prognostic significance when adjusted to conventional risk assessment or grouping. Our search brought up some known putative markers and panels, as expected. Also, the synthesis in the systematic review indicated markers that ought to be further studied as part of prospective trials and in well characterized patient cohorts in order to increase the resolution of the current clinico-pathological prognostic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Sopyllo
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Andrew M. Erickson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shui L, Ren H, Yang X, Li J, Chen Z, Yi C, Zhu H, Shui P. The Era of Radiogenomics in Precision Medicine: An Emerging Approach to Support Diagnosis, Treatment Decisions, and Prognostication in Oncology. Front Oncol 2021; 10:570465. [PMID: 33575207 PMCID: PMC7870863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.570465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of new technologies, including artificial intelligence and genome sequencing, radiogenomics has emerged as a state-of-the-art science in the field of individualized medicine. Radiogenomics combines a large volume of quantitative data extracted from medical images with individual genomic phenotypes and constructs a prediction model through deep learning to stratify patients, guide therapeutic strategies, and evaluate clinical outcomes. Recent studies of various types of tumors demonstrate the predictive value of radiogenomics. And some of the issues in the radiogenomic analysis and the solutions from prior works are presented. Although the workflow criteria and international agreed guidelines for statistical methods need to be confirmed, radiogenomics represents a repeatable and cost-effective approach for the detection of continuous changes and is a promising surrogate for invasive interventions. Therefore, radiogenomics could facilitate computer-aided diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of the prognosis in patients with tumors in the routine clinical setting. Here, we summarize the integrated process of radiogenomics and introduce the crucial strategies and statistical algorithms involved in current studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyu Ren
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pixian Shui
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Comedonecrosis Gleason pattern 5 is associated with worse clinical outcome in operated prostate cancer patients. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:2064-2070. [PMID: 34175896 PMCID: PMC8514328 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Individual growth patterns and cribriform architecture are increasingly considered in risk stratification and clinical decision-making in men with prostate cancer. Our objective was to establish the prognostic value of individual Gleason 5 patterns in a radical prostatectomy (RP) cohort. We reviewed 1064 RPs and recorded Grade Group (GG), pT-stage, surgical margin status, Gleason 4 and 5 growth patterns as well as intraductal carcinoma. The clinical endpoints were biochemical recurrence and post-operative distant metastasis. Gleason pattern 5 was present in 339 (31.9%) RPs, of which 47 (4.4%) presented as primary, 166 (15.6%) as secondary, and 126 (11.8%) as tertiary pattern. Single cells/cords were present in 321 (94.7%) tumors with Gleason pattern 5, solid fields in 90 (26.5%), and comedonecrosis in invasive carcinoma in 32 (9.4%) tumors. Solid fields demonstrated either a small nested morphology (n = 50, 14.7%) or medium to large solid fields (n = 61, 18.0%). Cribriform architecture was present in 568 (53.4%) RPs. Medium to large solid fields and comedonecrosis coincided with cribriform architecture in all specimens, and were not observed in cribriform-negative cases. In multivariable analysis adjusted for Prostate-Specific Antigen, pT-stage, GG, surgical margin status and lymph node metastases, cribriform architecture (Hazard Ratio (HR) 9.9; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 3.9-25.5, P < 0.001) and comedonecrosis (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.7, P = 0.01) were independent predictors for metastasis-free survival, while single cells/cords (HR 1.2; 95% CI 0.7-1.8, P = 0.55) and medium to large solid fields (HR 1.6, 95% CI 0.9-2.7, P = 0.09) were not. In conclusion, comedonecrosis in invasive carcinoma is an independent prognostic Gleason 5 pattern for metastasis-free survival after RP. These data support the current recommendations to routinely include cribriform pattern in pathology reports and indicate that comedonecrosis should also be commented on.
Collapse
|
20
|
Compérat E, Wasinger G, Oszwald A, Kain R, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O. The Genetic Complexity of Prostate Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1396. [PMID: 33255593 PMCID: PMC7760266 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major concern in public health, with many genetically distinct subsets. Genomic alterations in PCa are extraordinarily complex, and both germline and somatic mutations are of great importance in the development of this tumor. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of genetic changes that can occur in the development of PCa and their role in potential therapeutic approaches. Various pathways and mechanisms proposed to play major roles in PCa are described in detail to provide an overview of current knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Compérat
- CeRePP/GRC5 Predictive Onco-Urology, Sorbonne University, 75020 Paris, France; (G.C.-T.); (O.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne University, 75020 Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.W.); (A.O.); (R.K.)
| | - Gabriel Wasinger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.W.); (A.O.); (R.K.)
| | - André Oszwald
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.W.); (A.O.); (R.K.)
| | - Renate Kain
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.W.); (A.O.); (R.K.)
| | - Geraldine Cancel-Tassin
- CeRePP/GRC5 Predictive Onco-Urology, Sorbonne University, 75020 Paris, France; (G.C.-T.); (O.C.)
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP/GRC5 Predictive Onco-Urology, Sorbonne University, 75020 Paris, France; (G.C.-T.); (O.C.)
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne University, 75020 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu W, Zheng SL, Na R, Wei L, Sun J, Gallagher J, Wei J, Resurreccion WK, Ernst S, Sfanos KS, Isaacs WB, Xu J. Distinct Genomic Alterations in Prostate Tumors Derived from African American Men. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1815-1824. [PMID: 33115829 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We aim to understand, from acquired genetic alterations in tumors, why African American (AA) men are more likely to develop aggressive prostate cancer. By analyzing somatic mutations in 39 genes using deeper next-generation sequencing with an average depth of 2,522 reads for tumor DNA and genome-wide DNA copy-number alterations (CNA) in prostate cancer in a total of 171 AA/black men and comparing with those in 860 European American (EA)/white men, we here present several novel findings. First, >35% of AA men harbor damaging mutations in APC, ATM, BRCA2, KDM6A, KMT2C, KMT2D, MED12, ZFHX3, and ZMYM3, each with >1% of mutated copies. Second, among genes with >10% of mutated copies in tumor cells, ZMYM3 is the most frequently mutated gene in AA prostate cancer. In a patient's tumor with >96% frameshift mutations of ZMYM3, we find allelic imbalances in 10 chromosomes, including losses of five and gains of another four chromosomes, suggesting its role in maintaining genomic integrity. Third, when compared to prostate cancer in EA/white men, a higher frequency of CNAs of MYC, THADA, NEIL3, LRP1B, BUB1B, MAP3K7, BNIP3L and RB1, and a lower frequency of deletions of RYBP, TP53, and TMPRSS2-ERG are observed in AA/black men. Finally, for the above genes with higher frequency of CNAs in AA than in EA, deletion of MAP3K7, BNIP3L, NEIL3 or RB1, or gain of MYC significantly associates with both higher Gleason grade and advanced pathologic stage in AA/black men. Deletion of THADA associates with advanced pathologic stage only. IMPLICATIONS: A higher frequency of damaging mutation in ZMYM3 causing genomic instability along with higher frequency of altered genomic regions including deletions of MAP3K7, BNIP3L, RB1, and NEIL3, and gain of MYC appear to be distinct somatically acquired genetic alterations that may contribute to more aggressive prostate cancer in AA/black men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wennuan Liu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.,Departments of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.,Departments of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Rong Na
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Lin Wei
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jishan Sun
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.,Departments of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Johnie Gallagher
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jun Wei
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - W Kyle Resurreccion
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Sarah Ernst
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William B Isaacs
- Department of Urology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois. .,Departments of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu W, Hou J, Petkewicz J, Na R, Wang CH, Sun J, Gallagher J, Bogachkov YY, Swenson L, Regner M, Resurreccion WK, Isaacs WB, Brendler CB, Crawford S, Zheng SL, Helfand BT, Xu J. Feasibility and performance of a novel probe panel to detect somatic DNA copy number alterations in clinical specimens for predicting prostate cancer progression. Prostate 2020; 80:1253-1262. [PMID: 32803894 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the feasibility of a novel DNA-based probe panel to detect copy number alterations (CNAs) in prostate tumor DNA and its performance for predicting clinical progression. METHODS A probe panel was developed and optimized to measure CNAs in trace amounts of tumor DNA (2 ng) isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Ten genes previously associated with aggressive disease were targeted. The panel's feasibility and performance were assessed in 175 prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwent radical prostatectomy with a median 10-year follow-up, including 42 men who developed disease progression (either metastasis and/or PCa-specific death). Association with disease progression was tested using univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS The probe panel detected CNAs in all 10 genes in tumor DNA isolated from either diagnostic biopsies or surgical specimens. A four-gene model (PTEN/MYC/BRCA2/CDKN1B) had the strongest association with disease progression; 64.3% of progressors and 22.5% of non-progressors had at least one CNA in these four genes, odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) = 6.21 (2.77-13.87), P = 8.48E-06. The association with disease progression remained significant after adjusting for known clinicopathological variables. Among the seven progressors of the 65 patients with clinically low-risk disease, three (42.9%) had at least one CNA in these four genes. CONCLUSIONS The probe panel can detect CNAs in trace amounts of tumor DNA from biopsies or surgical tissues at the time of diagnosis or surgery. CNAs independently predict metastatic/lethal cancer, particularly among men with clinically low-risk disease at diagnosis. If validated, this may improve current abilities to assess tumor aggressiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wennuan Liu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jun Hou
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jacqueline Petkewicz
- John and Carol Walter Center for Urological Health, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Rong Na
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Chi-Hsiung Wang
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jishan Sun
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Johnie Gallagher
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Yedida Y Bogachkov
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Laura Swenson
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - MaryAnn Regner
- Department of Pathology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - W Kyle Resurreccion
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - William B Isaacs
- Department of Urology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles B Brendler
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Susan Crawford
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Brian T Helfand
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
- John and Carol Walter Center for Urological Health, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
van Leenders GJLH, Verhoef EI, Hollemans E. Prostate cancer growth patterns beyond the Gleason score: entering a new era of comprehensive tumour grading. Histopathology 2020; 77:850-861. [PMID: 32683729 PMCID: PMC7756302 DOI: 10.1111/his.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Gleason grading system is one of the most important factors in clinical decision‐making for prostate cancer patients, and is entirely based on the classification of tumour growth patterns. In recent years it has become clear that some individual growth patterns themselves have independent prognostic value, and could be used for better personalised risk stratification. In this review we summarise recent literature on the clinicopathological value and molecular characteristics of individual prostate cancer growth patterns, and show how these, most particularly cribriform architecture, could alter treatment decisions for prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther I Verhoef
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Hollemans
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Light A, Ahmed A, Dasgupta P, Elhage O. The genetic landscapes of urological cancers and their clinical implications in the era of high-throughput genome analysis. BJU Int 2020; 126:26-54. [PMID: 32306543 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the advent of high-throughput genome analysis, we are increasingly able to sequence and hence understand the pathogenic processes underlying individual cancers. Recently, consortiums such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) have performed large-scale projects to this end, providing significant amounts of information regarding the genetic landscapes of several cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a narrative review of studies from the TCGA and other major studies. We aimed to summarise data exploring the clinical implications of specific genetic alterations, both prognostically and therapeutically, in four major urological cancers. These were renal cell carcinoma, muscle-invasive bladder cancer/carcinoma, prostate cancer, and testicular germ cell tumours. RESULTS With these four urological cancers, great strides have been made in the molecular characterisation of tumours. In particular, recent studies have focussed on identifying molecular subtypes of tumours with characteristic genetic alterations and differing prognoses. Other prognostic alterations have also recently been identified, including those pertaining to epigenetics and microRNAs. In regard to treatment, numerous options are emerging for patients with these cancers such as including immune checkpoint inhibition, epigenetic-based treatments, and agents targeting MAPK, PI3K, and DNA repair pathways. There are a multitude of trials underway investigating the effects of these novel agents, the results of which are eagerly awaited. CONCLUSIONS As medicine chases the era of personalised care, it is becoming increasingly important to provide individualised prognoses for patients. Understanding how specific genetic alterations affects prognosis is key for this. It will also be crucial to provide highly targeted treatments against the specific genetics of a patient's tumour. With work performed by the TCGA and other large consortiums, these aims are gradually being achieved. Our review provides a succinct overview of this exciting field that may underpin personalised medicine in urological oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Light
- Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Bedford Hospital NHS Trust, Bedford Hospital, Bedford, UK
| | - Aamir Ahmed
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Department of Urology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Oussama Elhage
- Department of Urology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Copy number alterations are associated with metastatic-lethal progression in prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:494-506. [PMID: 32071439 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Aside from Gleason score few factors accurately identify the subset of prostate cancer (PCa) patients at high risk for metastatic progression. We hypothesized that copy number alterations (CNAs), assessed using CpG methylation probes on Illumina Infinium® Human Methylation450 (HM450K) BeadChip arrays, could identify primary prostate tumors with potential to develop metastatic progression. METHODS Epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiling was performed in surgically resected primary tumor tissues from two cohorts of PCa patients with clinically localized disease who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) as primary therapy and were followed prospectively for at least 5 years: (1) a Fred Hutchinson (FH) Cancer Research Center-based cohort (n = 323 patients); and (2) an Eastern Virginia (EV) Medical School-based cohort (n = 78 patients). CNAs were identified using the R package ChAMP. Metastasis was confirmed by positive bone scan, MRI, CT or biopsy, and death certificates confirmed cause of death. RESULTS We detected 15 recurrent CNAs were associated with metastasis in the FH cohort and replicated in the EV cohort (p < 0.05) without adjusting for Gleason score in the model. Eleven of the recurrent CNAs were associated with metastatic progression in the FH cohort and validated in the EV cohort (p < 0.05) when adjusting for Gleason score. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that CNAs can be reliably detected from HM450K-based DNA methylation data. There are 11 recurrent CNAs showing association with metastatic-lethal events following RP and improving prediction over Gleason score. Genes affected by these CNAs may functionally relate to tumor aggressiveness and metastatic progression.
Collapse
|
26
|
The Genomic and Molecular Pathology of Prostate Cancer: Clinical Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Adv Anat Pathol 2020; 27:11-19. [PMID: 31503032 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common noncutaneous malignancy affecting American men and the second most common cause of cancer death. The traditional risk classification schemes for PCa are limited due to the vast clinical and molecular heterogeneity of the disease. Fortunately, recent advancements in sequencing technologies have provided us with valuable insight into the genomics of PCa. To date, a wide array of recurrent genomic alterations in PCa have been identified. Incorporating these distinct molecular subtypes of PCa into prediction models provides opportunities for improved risk stratification and ultimately better patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize the key molecular subtypes of PCa and focus on those genomic alterations that have clinical implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response.
Collapse
|
27
|
Polyalthia longifolia Extract Triggers ER Stress in Prostate Cancer Cells Concomitant with Induction of Apoptosis: Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6726312. [PMID: 31827691 PMCID: PMC6881593 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6726312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based therapies are being explored to prevent or treat several cancer types. The antioxidant properties of Polyalthia longifolia plant are well established. In our previous work, we demonstrated the presence of cytotoxic compounds in the methanol extract of Polyalthia longifolia (MEP) with potent activity against human leukemia cells. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of MEP against prostate cancer (PCa) and established the molecular basis of its effect in in vitro and in vivo models. We observed that MEP treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the growth and viability of PCa cells, associated with arrest in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. Apoptosis was confirmed as the primary mode of MEP-induced cell death through activation of the intrinsic apoptotic machinery. Proteomic and biochemical studies identified BiP as an important target of MEP with the activation of the ER stress pathway, as a potential mechanism driving MEP-induced apoptosis. The extract exhibited strong efficacy in the PCa xenograft mouse model with significant inhibition of tumor growth and reduced tumor burden. Taken together, our findings indicate that MEP-induced apoptosis in PCa cells concomitant with the activation of the ER stress pathways results in the inhibition of tumor growth, in vitro and in vivo. Our studies provide initial evidence of the efficacy of MEP against PCa and advocate for in-depth studies in other preclinical models for its possible use in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
28
|
Yan W, Jamal M, Tan SH, Song Y, Young D, Chen Y, Katta S, Ying K, Ravindranath L, Woodle T, Kohaar I, Cullen J, Kagan J, Srivastava S, Dobi A, McLeod DG, Rosner IL, Sesterhenn IA, Srinivasan A, Srivastava S, Petrovics G. Molecular profiling of radical prostatectomy tissue from patients with no sign of progression identifies ERG as the strongest independent predictor of recurrence. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6466-6483. [PMID: 31741711 PMCID: PMC6849651 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a major cause of morbidity and mortality among men, prostate cancer is a heterogenous disease, with a vast heterogeneity in the biology of the disease and in clinical outcome. While it often runs an indolent course, local progression or metastasis may eventually develop, even among patients considered "low risk" at diagnosis. Therefore, biomarkers that can discriminate aggressive from indolent disease at an early stage would greatly benefit patients. We hypothesized that tissue specimens from early stage prostate cancers may harbor predictive signatures for disease progression. METHODS We used a cohort of radical prostatectomy patients with longitudinal follow-up, who had tumors with low grade and stage that revealed no signs of future disease progression at surgery. During the follow-up period, some patients either remained indolent (non-BCR) or progressed to biochemical recurrence (BCR). Total RNA was extracted from tumor, and adjacent normal epithelium of formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. Differential gene expression in tumors, and in tumor versus normal tissues between BCR and non-BCR patients were analyzed by NanoString using a customized CodeSet of 151 probes. RESULTS After controlling for false discovery rates, we identified a panel of eight genes (ERG, GGT1, HDAC1, KLK2, MYO6, PLA2G7, BICD1 and CACNAID) that distinguished BCR from non-BCR patients. We found a clear association of ERG expression with non-BCR, which was further corroborated by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assays. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified ERG as the strongest predictor for BCR and showed that potential prognostic prostate cancer biomarkers can be identified from FFPE tumor specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Yan
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Muhammad Jamal
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shyh-Han Tan
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yingjie Song
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Denise Young
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shilpa Katta
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kai Ying
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lakshmi Ravindranath
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tarah Woodle
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Indu Kohaar
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacob Kagan
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Albert Dobi
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David G. McLeod
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Inger L. Rosner
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Alagarsamy Srinivasan
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
PTEN Expression in Prostate Cancer: Relationship With Clinicopathologic Features and Multiparametric MRI Findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 212:1206-1214. [PMID: 30888866 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.18.20743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to investigate whether phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression is associated with clinicopathologic features and multiparametric MRI findings in prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty-three patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy were included. Index tumor was identified on pretreatment MRI and delineated in the area that correlated best with histopathology results. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from DWI and pharmacokinetic parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) using the extended Tofts model (Ktrans, kep, ve, and vp) within the tumor were estimated. The following clinicopathologic parameters were assessed: pretreatment serum levels of prostate-specific antigen, disseminated tumor cell status, age, Gleason score, tumor size, extraprostatic extension (EPE), tumor location, and lymph node metastases. Gene expression profiles were acquired in biopsies from the tumor using bead arrays, and validated using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) on a different part of the biopsy. RESULTS. Based on bead arrays (p = 0.006) and RT-qPCR (p = 0.03) data, a significantly lower ADC was found in tumors with low PTEN expression. Moreover, PTEN expression was negatively associated with lymph node metastases (bead arrays, p = 0.008; RT-qPCR, p < 0.001). A weak but significant association between PTEN expression, EPE (p = 0.048), and Gleason score (p = 0.028) was revealed on bead arrays. ADC was negatively correlated with Gleason score (p = 0.001) and tumor size (p = 0.023). No association among DCE parameters, PTEN expression, and clinicopathologic features was found. CONCLUSION. ADC derived from DWI may be useful in selecting patients with potentially aggressive tumor caused by PTEN deficiency.
Collapse
|
30
|
Lucarelli G, Loizzo D, Ferro M, Rutigliano M, Vartolomei MD, Cantiello F, Buonerba C, Di Lorenzo G, Terracciano D, De Cobelli O, Bettocchi C, Ditonno P, Battaglia M. Metabolomic profiling for the identification of novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in prostate cancer: an update. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:377-387. [PMID: 30957583 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1604223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An altered metabolic regulation is involved in the development and progression of different cancer types. As well as this, many genes associated with tumors are shown to have an important role in control of the metabolism. The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) is increased in men with metabolic disorders. In particular, obesity is an established risk factor for PCa. An increased body mass index correlates with aggressive disease, and a higher risk of biochemical recurrence and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Increased lipogenesis is also one of the most significant events in PCa metabolism reprogramming. Areas covered: In this article, we provide an updated review of the current understanding of the PCa metabolome and evaluate the possibility of unveiling novel therapeutic targets. Expert opinion: Obesity is an established risk factor for PCa, and an increased BMI correlates with aggressive disease, and a higher risk of biochemical recurrence and prostate cancer-specific mortality. PCa metabolome is characterized by the accumulation of metabolic intermediates and an increased expression of genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the induction of de novo lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis. PCa cells can induce different alterations in their microenvironment by modulating the crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lucarelli
- a Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit , University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Davide Loizzo
- a Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit , University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- b Division of Urology , European Institute of Oncology , Milan , Italy
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- a Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit , University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Mihai Dorin Vartolomei
- c Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tirgu Mures , Romania
| | - Francesco Cantiello
- d Department of Urology , Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Carlo Buonerba
- e Medical Oncology Division, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- e Medical Oncology Division, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- f Department of Translational Medical Sciences , University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Carlo Bettocchi
- a Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit , University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- a Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit , University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Michele Battaglia
- a Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit , University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The Role of RB in Prostate Cancer Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:301-318. [PMID: 31900914 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The RB tumor suppressor is one of the most commonly deleted/mutated genes in human cancers. In prostate cancer specifically, mutation of RB is most frequently observed in aggressive, metastatic disease. As one of the earliest tumor suppressors to be identified, the molecular functions of RB that are lost in tumor development have been studied for decades. Earlier work focused on the canonical RB pathway connecting mitogenic signaling to the cell cycle via Cyclin/CDK inactivation of RB, thereby releasing the E2F transcription factors. More in-depth analysis revealed that RB-E2F complexes regulate cellular processes beyond proliferation. Most recently, "non-canonical" roles for RB function have been expanded beyond its E2F interactions, which may play a particular role in advanced prostate cancer. For example, in mouse models of prostate cancer, loss of RB has been shown to induce lineage plasticity, which enables resistance to androgen deprivation therapy. This increased understanding of the potential downstream functions of RB in prostate cancer may lead the way to identifying therapeutic vulnerabilities in cells following RB loss.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kesch C, Radtke JP, Wintsche A, Wiesenfarth M, Luttje M, Gasch C, Dieffenbacher S, Pecqueux C, Teber D, Hatiboglu G, Nyarangi-Dix J, Simpfendörfer T, Schönberg G, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Freitag M, Duensing A, Grüllich C, Jäger D, Götz M, Grabe N, Schweiger MR, Pahernik S, Perner S, Herpel E, Roth W, Wieczorek K, Maier-Hein K, Debus J, Haberkorn U, Giesel F, Galle J, Hadaschik B, Schlemmer HP, Hohenfellner M, Bonekamp D, Sültmann H, Duensing S. Correlation between genomic index lesions and mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT imaging features in primary prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16708. [PMID: 30420756 PMCID: PMC6232089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)- positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT)-imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) are emerging techniques to assess the presence of significant disease and tumor progression. It is not known, however, whether and to what extent lesions detected by these imaging techniques correlate with genomic features of PCa. The aim of this study was therefore to define a genomic index lesion based on chromosomal copy number alterations (CNAs) as marker for tumor aggressiveness in prostate biopsies in direct correlation to multiparametric (mp) MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT imaging features. CNA profiles of 46 biopsies from five consecutive patients with clinically high-risk PCa were obtained from radiologically suspicious and unsuspicious areas. All patients underwent mpMRI, MRI/TRUS-fusion biopsy, 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and a radical prostatectomy. CNAs were directly correlated to imaging features and radiogenomic analyses were performed. Highly significant CNAs (≥10 Mbp) were found in 22 of 46 biopsies. Chromosome 8p, 13q and 5q losses were the most common findings. There was an strong correspondence between the radiologic and the genomic index lesions. The radiogenomic analyses suggest the feasibility of developing radiologic signatures that can distinguish between genomically more or less aggressive lesions. In conclusion, imaging features of mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT can guide to the genomically most aggressive lesion of a PCa. Radiogenomics may help to better differentiate between indolent and aggressive PCa in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kesch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Radtke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Wintsche
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuel Wiesenfarth
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariska Luttje
- Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Gasch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Dieffenbacher
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carine Pecqueux
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dogu Teber
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gencay Hatiboglu
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joanne Nyarangi-Dix
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Simpfendörfer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gita Schönberg
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Freitag
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anette Duensing
- Cancer Therapeutics Program and Department of Pathology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Carsten Grüllich
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Götz
- Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Grabe
- Hamamatsu Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center (TIGA), BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michal-Ruth Schweiger
- Functional Epigenomics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sascha Pahernik
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck and Parkallee 1-40, D-23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wieczorek
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Pathology Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Maier-Hein
- Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Giesel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Galle
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Boris Hadaschik
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hohenfellner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Bonekamp
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Molecular Urooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Current progress and questions in germline genetics of prostate cancer. Asian J Urol 2018; 6:3-9. [PMID: 30775244 PMCID: PMC6363602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dramatic progress has been made in the area of germline genetics of prostate cancer (PCa) in the past decade. Both common and rare genetic variants with effects on risk ranging from barely detectable to outright practice-changing have been identified. For men with high risk PCa, the application of genetic testing for inherited pathogenic mutations is becoming standard of care. A major question exists about which additional populations of men to test, as men at all risk levels can potentially benefit by knowing their unique genetic profile of germline susceptibility variants. This article will provide a brief overview of some current issues in understanding inherited susceptibility for PCa.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ha M, Han M, Kim J, Jeong DC, Oh S, Kim YH. Prognostic role of
TPD52
in acute myeloid leukemia: A retrospective multicohort analysis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3672-3678. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihyang Ha
- Department of Anatomy School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung‐Eun Han
- Department of Anatomy School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Cheon Jeong
- Deloitte Analytics Group, Deloitte Consulting LLC Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sae‐Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Republic of Korea
- BEER, Busan Society of Evidence‐Based Medicine and Research Busan Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Markowski MC, Hubbard GK, Hicks JL, Zheng Q, King A, Esopi D, Rege A, Yegnasubramanian S, Bieberich CJ, De Marzo AM. Characterization of novel cell lines derived from a MYC-driven murine model of lethal metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Prostate 2018; 78:992-1000. [PMID: 29851094 PMCID: PMC9844589 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss or mutation of PTEN alleles at 10q23 in combination with 8q24 amplification (encompassing MYC) are common findings in aggressive, human prostate cancer. Our group recently developed a transgenic murine model of prostate cancer involving prostate-specific Pten deletion and forced expression of MYC under the control of the Hoxb13 promoter. MYC overexpression cooperated with Pten loss to recapitulate lethal, human prostate cancer. METHOD We now report on the generation of two mouse prostate cancer cell lines, BMPC1 and BMPC2, derived from a lymph node, and liver metastasis, respectively. RESULTS Both cell lines demonstrate a phenotype consistent with adenocarcinoma and grew under standard tissue culture conditions. Androgen receptor (AR) protein expression is minimal (BMPC1) or absent (BMPC2) consistent with AR loss observed in the BMPC mouse model of invasive adenocarcinoma. Growth in media containing charcoal-stripped serum resulted in an increase in AR mRNA in BMPC1 cells with no effect on protein expression, unless androgens were added, in which case AR protein was stabilized, and showed nuclear localization. AR expression in BMPC2 cells was not effected by growth media or treatment with androgens. Treatment with an anti-androgen/castration or androgen supplemented media did not affect in vitro or in vivo growth of either cell line, irrespective of nuclear AR detection. DISCUSSION These cell lines are a novel model of androgen-insensitive prostatic adenocarcinoma driven by MYC over-expression and Pten loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Markowski
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gretchen K. Hubbard
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica L. Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexia King
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Esopi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Apurv Rege
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Charles J. Bieberich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Multi-faceted immunomodulatory and tissue-tropic clinical bacterial isolate potentiates prostate cancer immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1591. [PMID: 29686284 PMCID: PMC5913311 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have not been effective for immunologically "cold" tumors, such as prostate cancer, which contain scarce tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. We hypothesized that select tissue-specific and immunostimulatory bacteria can potentiate these immunotherapies. Here we show that a patient-derived prostate-specific microbe, CP1, in combination with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, increases survival and decreases tumor burden in orthotopic MYC- and PTEN-mutant prostate cancer models. CP1 administered intra-urethrally specifically homes to and colonizes tumors without causing any systemic toxicities. CP1 increases immunogenic cell death of cancer cells, T cell cytotoxicity, and tumor infiltration by activated CD8 T cells, Th17 T cells, mature dendritic cells, M1 macrophages, and NK cells. CP1 also decreases intra-tumoral regulatory T cells and VEGF. Mechanistically, blocking CP1-recruited T cells from infiltrating the tumor inhibits its therapeutic efficacy. CP1 is an immunotherapeutic tool demonstrating how a tissue-specific microbe can increase tumor immunogenicity and sensitize an otherwise resistant cancer type to immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
37
|
Smits M, Mehra N, Sedelaar M, Gerritsen W, Schalken JA. Molecular biomarkers to guide precision medicine in localized prostate cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018. [PMID: 28635333 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1345627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major advances through tumor profiling technologies, that include next-generation sequencing, epigenetic, proteomic and transcriptomic methods, have been made in primary prostate cancer, providing novel biomarkers that may guide precision medicine in the near future. Areas covered: The authors provided an overview of novel molecular biomarkers in tissue, blood and urine that may be used as clinical tools to assess prognosis, improve selection criteria for active surveillance programs, and detect disease relapse early in localized prostate cancer. Expert commentary: Active surveillance (AS) in localized prostate cancer is an accepted strategy in patients with very low-risk prostate cancer. Many more patients may benefit from watchful waiting, and include patients of higher clinical stage and grade, however selection criteria have to be optimized and early recognition of transformation from localized to lethal disease has to be improved by addition of molecular biomarkers. The role of non-invasive biomarkers is challenging the need for repeat biopsies, commonly performed at 1 and 4 years in men under AS programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minke Smits
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Sedelaar
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Winald Gerritsen
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pettersson A, Gerke T, Penney KL, Lis RT, Stack EC, Pértega-Gomes N, Zadra G, Tyekucheva S, Giovannucci EL, Mucci LA, Loda M. MYC Overexpression at the Protein and mRNA Level and Cancer Outcomes among Men Treated with Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:201-207. [PMID: 29141848 PMCID: PMC5831163 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The proto-oncogene MYC is implicated in prostate cancer progression. Whether MYC tumor expression at the protein or mRNA level is associated with poorer prognosis has not been well studied.Methods: We conducted a cohort study including 634 men from the Physicians' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study treated with radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer in 1983-2004 and followed up for a median of 13.7 years. MYC protein expression was evaluated using IHC, and we used Cox regression to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of its association with lethal prostate cancer (distant metastases/prostate cancer-related death). We assessed the association between MYC mRNA expression and lethal prostate cancer in a case-control study, including 113 lethal cases and 291 indolent controls.Results: MYC nuclear protein expression was present in 97% of tumors. MYC protein expression was positively correlated with tumor proliferation rate (r = 0.37; P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with apoptotic count (r = -0.17; P < 0.001). There were no significant associations between MYC protein expression and stage, grade, or PSA level at diagnosis. The multivariable HR for lethal prostate cancer among men in the top versus bottom quartile of MYC protein expression was 1.09 (95% CI, 0.50-2.35). There was no significant association between MYC mRNA expression and lethal prostate cancer.Conclusions: Neither MYC protein overexpression nor MYC mRNA overexpression are strong prognostic markers in men treated with radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.Impact: This is the largest study to examine the prognostic role of MYC protein and mRNA expression in prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(2); 201-7. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pettersson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rosina T Lis
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward C Stack
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nelma Pértega-Gomes
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giorgia Zadra
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Meng J, Wang LH, Zou CL, Dai SM, Zhang J, Lu Y. C10orf116 Gene Copy Number Loss in Prostate Cancer: Clinicopathological Correlations and Prognostic Significance. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5176-5183. [PMID: 29084195 PMCID: PMC5674938 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in males worldwide. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes and to investigate the potential correlation between gene abnormalities and clinical features in PCa to evaluate disease progression and prognosis. Material/Methods A total of 4 independent microarrays of PCa patients from the Oncomine database were used to identify differences in expression of genes contributing to cancer progression. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of the target in human prostate cancer cells. To explore the relationship between the DNA copy number alteration and mRNA expression changes, dataset containing copy number alteration, DNA methylation, and gene expression in PCa were obtained from the cBioPortal online platform (n=273). Results We identified 40 genes that were significantly dysregulated in PCa from 4 independent microarrays. Among these, 3 genes showed a consistent change of over 2-fold in the 4 microarrays. The mRNA expression of C10orf116 showed consistent expression in prostate cancer cells compared with that in prostate gland cells as assessed by RT-qPCR. Moreover, C10orf116 loss was associated with poor distant relapse-free survival (DFS) by analyzing data of 273 PCa patients, but it was not identified as an independent prognostic risk factor for DFS. In addition, we found that C10orf116 loss was associated with higher pathological stage, higher clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis in PCa, and that C10orf116 copy number was highly correlated with PTEN copy number and mRNA expression. Conclusions As a predictive indicator, C10orf116 loss contributes to our understating of the biology of aggressive changes in PCa and also helps evaluate the prognosis of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland).,Medical Science Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Li-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chun-Lin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Sheng-Ming Dai
- Medical Science Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Southern University of Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Department of Pathology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland).,Southern University of Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lotan TL, Heumann A, Rico SD, Hicks J, Lecksell K, Koop C, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Simon R. PTEN loss detection in prostate cancer: comparison of PTEN immunohistochemistry and PTEN FISH in a large retrospective prostatectomy cohort. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65566-65576. [PMID: 29029453 PMCID: PMC5630353 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN deletion is an established prognostic biomarker in prostate cancer. We compared PTEN immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PTEN fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the largest existing radical prostatectomy cohort with clinical follow-up data. There was high concordance between IHC and FISH: 93% (3098/3330) of tumors with intact PTEN IHC showed absence of PTEN gene deletion and 66% (720/1087) of cases with PTEN protein loss by IHC showed PTEN gene deletion by FISH. 84% (447/533) of cases with PTEN homozygous gene deletion had PTEN protein loss by IHC. PTEN loss by IHC was associated with reduced PSA recurrence-free survival (RFS) in multivariable models (HR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.16-1.47). Among cases with either PTEN deletion or absence of PTEN deletion by FISH, PTEN loss by IHC was strongly associated with reduced RFS on univariable analysis (p=0.0005 and p<0.0001 respectively). Among cases with intact PTEN by IHC, homozygous (p=0.04) but not heterozygous (p=0.10) PTEN gene deletion was weakly associated with reduced RFS. Among cases with PTEN loss by IHC, both homozygous (p=0.0044) and heterozygous (p=0.0017) PTEN gene deletion were associated with reduced RFS. These data support the utility of PTEN IHC and PTEN FISH as complementary screening tools for PTEN loss in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L. Lotan
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Asmus Heumann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Hicks
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Christina Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Clinton TN, Bagrodia A, Lotan Y, Margulis V, Raj GV, Woldu SL. Tissue-based biomarkers in prostate cancer. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2017; 2:249-260. [PMID: 29226251 PMCID: PMC5722240 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2017.1372687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Existing risk stratification tools based on standard clinlicopathologic variables (prostate specific antigen [PSA], Gleason score, and tumor stage) provide a modest degree of predictive ability. Advances in high-throughput sequencing has led to the development of several novel tissue-based biomarkers that can improve prognostication in prostate cancer management. AREAS COVERED The authors review commercially-available, tissue-based biomarker assays that improve upon existing risk-stratification tools in several areas of prostate cancer management, including the appropriateness of active surveillance and aiding in decision making regarding the use of adjuvant therapy. Additionally, some of the obstacles to the widespread adoption of these biomarkers and discuss several investigational sources of new biomarkers are discussed. EXPERT COMMENTARY Work is ongoing to answer pertinent clinical questions in prostate cancer management including which patients should undergo biopsy, active surveillance, receive adjuvant therapy, and what systemic therapy is best in the first-line. Incorporation into novel biomarkers may allow for the incorporation of a 'personalized' approach to management. Further validation will be required and questions of cost must be considered before wide scale adoption of these biomarkers. Tumor heterogeneity may impose a ceiling on the prognostic ability of biomarkers using currently available techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Clinton
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yair Lotan
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Solomon L Woldu
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Urology, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Camacho N, Van Loo P, Edwards S, Kay JD, Matthews L, Haase K, Clark J, Dennis N, Thomas S, Kremeyer B, Zamora J, Butler AP, Gundem G, Merson S, Luxton H, Hawkins S, Ghori M, Marsden L, Lambert A, Karaszi K, Pelvender G, Massie CE, Kote-Jarai Z, Raine K, Jones D, Howat WJ, Hazell S, Livni N, Fisher C, Ogden C, Kumar P, Thompson A, Nicol D, Mayer E, Dudderidge T, Yu Y, Zhang H, Shah NC, Gnanapragasam VJ, Isaacs W, Visakorpi T, Hamdy F, Berney D, Verrill C, Warren AY, Wedge DC, Lynch AG, Foster CS, Lu YJ, Bova GS, Whitaker HC, McDermott U, Neal DE, Eeles R, Cooper CS, Brewer DS. Appraising the relevance of DNA copy number loss and gain in prostate cancer using whole genome DNA sequence data. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007001. [PMID: 28945760 PMCID: PMC5628936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of models have been proposed to explain regions of recurrent somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) in human cancer. Our study employs Whole Genome DNA Sequence (WGS) data from tumor samples (n = 103) to comprehensively assess the role of the Knudson two hit genetic model in SCNA generation in prostate cancer. 64 recurrent regions of loss and gain were detected, of which 28 were novel, including regions of loss with more than 15% frequency at Chr4p15.2-p15.1 (15.53%), Chr6q27 (16.50%) and Chr18q12.3 (17.48%). Comprehensive mutation screens of genes, lincRNA encoding sequences, control regions and conserved domains within SCNAs demonstrated that a two-hit genetic model was supported in only a minor proportion of recurrent SCNA losses examined (15/40). We found that recurrent breakpoints and regions of inversion often occur within Knudson model SCNAs, leading to the identification of ZNF292 as a target gene for the deletion at 6q14.3-q15 and NKX3.1 as a two-hit target at 8p21.3-p21.2. The importance of alterations of lincRNA sequences was illustrated by the identification of a novel mutational hotspot at the KCCAT42, FENDRR, CAT1886 and STCAT2 loci at the 16q23.1-q24.3 loss. Our data confirm that the burden of SCNAs is predictive of biochemical recurrence, define nine individual regions that are associated with relapse, and highlight the possible importance of ion channel and G-protein coupled-receptor (GPCR) pathways in cancer development. We concluded that a two-hit genetic model accounts for about one third of SCNA indicating that mechanisms, such haploinsufficiency and epigenetic inactivation, account for the remaining SCNA losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niedzica Camacho
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Edwards
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D. Kay
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Matthews
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Haase
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Nening Dennis
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Thomas
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Kremeyer
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Zamora
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P. Butler
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gunes Gundem
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sue Merson
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Luxton
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Hawkins
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Ghori
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Marsden
- Department of Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Lambert
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Katalin Karaszi
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gill Pelvender
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie E. Massie
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- CRUK Cambridge Centre, Early Detection Programme, Urological Malignancies Programme, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keiran Raine
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - David Jones
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - William J. Howat
- Histopathology and in situ hybridization Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Hazell
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Livni
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cyril Fisher
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Ogden
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Thompson
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Nicol
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Mayer
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Dudderidge
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yongwei Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nimish C. Shah
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent J. Gnanapragasam
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - William Isaacs
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Freddie Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Berney
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, The Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Verrill
- Department of Cellular Pathology and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Y. Warren
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Wedge
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Oxford Big Data Institute & Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G. Lynch
- Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics and Statistics/School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland
| | | | - Yong Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, The Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - G. Steven Bova
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hayley C. Whitaker
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ultan McDermott
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Neal
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin S. Cooper
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel S. Brewer
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
- Organisms and Ecosystems, The Earlham Institute, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Guedes LB, Almutairi F, Haffner MC, Rajoria G, Liu Z, Klimek S, Zoino R, Yousefi K, Sharma R, De Marzo AM, Netto GJ, Isaacs WB, Ross AE, Schaeffer EM, Lotan TL. Analytic, Preanalytic, and Clinical Validation of p53 IHC for Detection of TP53 Missense Mutation in Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4693-4703. [PMID: 28446506 PMCID: PMC5559307 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose:TP53 missense mutations may help to identify prostate cancer with lethal potential. Here, we preanalytically, analytically, and clinically validated a robust IHC assay to detect subclonal and focal TP53 missense mutations in prostate cancer.Experimental Design: The p53 IHC assay was performed in a CLIA-accredited laboratory on the Ventana Benchmark immunostaining system. p53 protein nuclear accumulation was defined as any p53 nuclear labeling in >10% of tumor cells. Fifty-four formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) cell lines from the NCI-60 panel and 103 FFPE prostate cancer tissues (88 primary adenocarcinomas, 15 metastases) with known TP53 mutation status were studied. DU145 and VCaP xenografts were subjected to varying fixation conditions to investigate the effects of preanalytic variables. Clinical validation was performed in two partially overlapping radical prostatectomy cohorts.Results: p53 nuclear accumulation by IHC was 100% sensitive for detection of TP53 missense mutations in the NCI-60 panel (25/25 missense mutations correctly identified). Lack of p53 nuclear accumulation was 86% (25/29) specific for absence of TP53 missense mutation. In FFPE prostate tumors, the positive predictive value of p53 nuclear accumulation for underlying missense mutation was 84% (38/45), whereas the negative predictive value was 97% (56/58). In a cohort of men who experienced biochemical recurrence after RP, the multivariable HR for metastasis among cases with p53 nuclear accumulation compared with those without was 2.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.91).Conclusions: IHC is widely available method to assess for the presence of deleterious and heterogeneous TP53 missense mutations in clinical prostate cancer specimens. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4693-703. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liana B Guedes
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fawaz Almutairi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Zach Liu
- Pathline Emerge Pathology Services, Ramsey, New Jersey
| | | | - Roberto Zoino
- Pathline Emerge Pathology Services, Ramsey, New Jersey
| | | | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William B Isaacs
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashley E Ross
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Prostate cancer, PI3K, PTEN and prognosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:197-210. [PMID: 28057891 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Loss of function of the PTEN tumour suppressor, resulting in dysregulated activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling network, is recognized as one of the most common driving events in prostate cancer development. The observed mechanisms of PTEN loss are diverse, but both homozygous and heterozygous genomic deletions including PTEN are frequent, and often accompanied by loss of detectable protein as assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The occurrence of PTEN loss is highest in aggressive metastatic disease and this has driven the development of PTEN as a prognostic biomarker, either alone or in combination with other factors, to distinguish indolent tumours from those likely to progress. Here, we discuss these factors and the consequences of PTEN loss, in the context of its role as a lipid phosphatase, as well as current efforts to use available inhibitors of specific components of the PI3K/PTEN/TOR signalling network in prostate cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
45
|
Miyahira AK, Roychowdhury S, Goswami S, Ippolito JE, Priceman SJ, Pritchard CC, Sfanos KS, Subudhi SK, Simons JW, Pienta KJ, Soule HR. Beyond Seed and Soil: Understanding and Targeting Metastatic Prostate Cancer; Report From the 2016 Coffey-Holden Prostate Cancer Academy Meeting. Prostate 2017; 77:123-144. [PMID: 27679977 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 2016 Coffey-Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, "Beyond Seed and Soil: Understanding and Targeting Metastatic Prostate Cancer," was held from June 23 to June 26, 2016, in Coronado, California. METHODS For the 4th year in a row, the Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) hosted the CHPCA Meeting, a think tank-structured scientific conference, which focuses on a specific topic of critical unmet need on the biology and treatment of advanced prostate cancer. The 2016 CHPCA Meeting was attended by 71 investigators from prostate cancer and other fields, who discussed the biology, study methodologies, treatment strategies, and critical unmet needs concerning metastatic prostate cancer, with the ultimate goal of advancing strategies to treat and eliminate this disease. RESULTS The major topics of discussion included: the molecular landscape and molecular heterogeneity of metastatic prostate cancer, the role of the metastatic microenvironment, optimizing immunotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer, learning from exceptional responders and non-responders, targeting DNA repair deficiency in advanced prostate cancer, developing and applying novel biomarkers and imaging techniques, and potential roles for the microbiome in prostate cancer. DISCUSSION This article reviews the topics presented and discussions held at the CHPCA Meeting, with a focus on the unknowns and next steps needed to advance our understanding of the biology and most effective treatment strategies for metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate 77:123-144, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameek Roychowdhury
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sangeeta Goswami
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph E Ippolito
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Saul J Priceman
- Departments of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, and Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Colin C Pritchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sumit K Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tosoian JJ, Loeb S, Epstein JI, Turkbey B, Choyke PL, Schaeffer EM. Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer: Use, Outcomes, Imaging, and Diagnostic Tools. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY EDUCATIONAL BOOK. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY. ANNUAL MEETING 2017. [PMID: 27249729 DOI: 10.14694/edbk_159244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Active surveillance (AS) has emerged as a standard management option for men with very low-risk and low-risk prostate cancer, and contemporary data indicate that use of AS is increasing in the United States and abroad. In the favorable-risk population, reports from multiple prospective cohorts indicate a less than 1% likelihood of metastatic disease and prostate cancer-specific mortality over intermediate-term follow-up (median 5-6 years). Higher-risk men participating in AS appear to be at increased risk of adverse outcomes, but these populations have not been adequately studied to this point. Although monitoring on AS largely relies on serial prostate biopsy, a procedure associated with considerable morbidity, there is a need for improved diagnostic tools for patient selection and monitoring. Revisions from the 2014 International Society of Urologic Pathology consensus conference have yielded a more intuitive reporting system and detailed reporting of low-intermediate grade tumors, which should facilitate the practice of AS. Meanwhile, emerging modalities such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and tissue-based molecular testing have shown prognostic value in some populations. At this time, however, these instruments have not been sufficiently studied to consider their routine, standardized use in the AS setting. Future studies should seek to identify those platforms most informative in the AS population and propose a strategy by which promising diagnostic tools can be safely and efficiently incorporated into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Tosoian
- From the Brady Urological Institute, Departments of Urology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Urology and Population Health, New York University, New York, NY; Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Stacy Loeb
- From the Brady Urological Institute, Departments of Urology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Urology and Population Health, New York University, New York, NY; Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jonathan I Epstein
- From the Brady Urological Institute, Departments of Urology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Urology and Population Health, New York University, New York, NY; Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Baris Turkbey
- From the Brady Urological Institute, Departments of Urology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Urology and Population Health, New York University, New York, NY; Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Peter L Choyke
- From the Brady Urological Institute, Departments of Urology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Urology and Population Health, New York University, New York, NY; Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- From the Brady Urological Institute, Departments of Urology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Urology and Population Health, New York University, New York, NY; Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Maina PK, Shao P, Liu Q, Fazli L, Tyler S, Nasir M, Dong X, Qi HH. c-MYC drives histone demethylase PHF8 during neuroendocrine differentiation and in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:75585-75602. [PMID: 27689328 PMCID: PMC5342763 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic factors play critical roles in prostate cancer (PCa) development. However, how they contribute to neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) is not fully understood. Using bioinformatics and biochemical approaches to analyze cell-based models of NED and CRPC, we found a cluster of epigenetic factors whose expression is downregulated during NED and upregulated in CRPC (i.e. follow a Down-Up pattern). Two histone demethylases within this cluster, PHF8 and KDM3A, are post-transcriptionally regulated by c-MYC through miR-22, which targets both PHF8 and KDM3A. We also found that the c-MYC/miR-22/PHF8 axis is downstream of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in CRPC cells. The co-expression of PHF8 with AR in clinical CRPC samples, normal mouse prostate, and adenocarcinomas of the prostate during PCa progression in a transgenic (TRAMP) mouse model supports the connection between PHF8 and AR. Knockdown of PHF8 impedes cell cycle progression in CRPC cells and has more profound effects on their growth than on the parental LNCaP cell line. Furthermore, PHF8 knockdown sensitizes LNCaP-Abl cells to the AR antagonist enzalutamide. Our data reveal novel mechanisms that underlie the regulation of PHF8 and KDM3A during NED and in CRPC, and support the candidacy of PHF8 as a therapeutic target in CRPC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Animals
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, myc
- Histone Demethylases/genetics
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/pharmacology
- Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/genetics
- Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neuroendocrine Tumors/genetics
- Neuroendocrine Tumors/metabolism
- Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcriptome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peterson Kariuki Maina
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Peng Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urology Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Scott Tyler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Moman Nasir
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urology Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Hank Heng Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
The association of Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion and prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:114-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
49
|
PTEN Loss in Gleason Score 3 + 4 = 7 Prostate Biopsies is Associated with Nonorgan Confined Disease at Radical Prostatectomy. J Urol 2016; 197:1054-1059. [PMID: 27693448 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Men with intermediate risk prostate cancer have widely variable outcomes. Some suggest that active surveillance or less invasive therapies (brachytherapy or focal therapy) may be appropriate for some men with Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 disease. Molecular markers may help further distinguish prostate cancers with aggressive behavior. We tested whether loss of the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) tumor suppressor in 3 + 4 = 7 tumor biopsies is associated with adverse pathology at prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We queried prostate needle biopsies from 2000 to 2014 with a maximum Gleason score of 3 + 4 = 7 followed by prostatectomy. A total of 260 cases had PTEN status evaluable by clinical grade immunohistochemistry. Biopsy PTEN status was correlated with preoperative and postoperative clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS PTEN loss was detected in 27% of 3 + 4 = 7 biopsies. Loss of PTEN was less common in tumors of African American men compared to European American men (9% vs 31%, p = 0.002). At prostatectomy, tumors with PTEN loss were more likely to show nonorgan confined disease compared to those with PTEN intact (52% vs 27%, p <0.001). In logistic regression models including age, race, prostate specific antigen, clinical stage and biopsy tumor involvement, PTEN loss at biopsy remained significantly associated with an increased risk of nonorgan confined disease (HR 2.46, 95% CI 1.34-4.49, p = 0.004). On ROC analysis, the AUC for models including prostate specific antigen and clinical stage was increased from 0.61 to 0.67 upon inclusion of PTEN status. CONCLUSIONS PTEN loss in a Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 biopsy is independently associated with an increased risk of nonorgan confined disease at prostatectomy. It adds to the preoperative parameters commonly used to predict pathological stage.
Collapse
|
50
|
Analytic validation of a clinical-grade PTEN immunohistochemistry assay in prostate cancer by comparison with PTEN FISH. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:904-14. [PMID: 27174589 PMCID: PMC4967011 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PTEN loss is a promising prognostic and predictive biomarker in prostate cancer. Because it occurs most commonly via PTEN gene deletion, we developed a clinical-grade, automated, and inexpensive immunohistochemical assay to detect PTEN loss. We studied the sensitivity and specificity of PTEN immunohistochemistry relative to four-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for detection of PTEN gene deletion in a multi-institutional cohort of 731 primary prostate tumors. Intact PTEN immunostaining was 91% specific for the absence of PTEN gene deletion (549/602 tumors with two copies of the PTEN gene by FISH showed intact expression of PTEN by immunohistochemistry) and 97% sensitive for the presence of homozygous PTEN gene deletion (absent PTEN protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 65/67 tumors with homozygous deletion). PTEN immunohistochemistry was 65% sensitive for the presence of hemizygous PTEN gene deletion, with protein loss in 40/62 hemizygous tumors. We reviewed the 53 cases where immunohistochemistry showed PTEN protein loss and FISH showed two intact copies of the PTEN gene. On re-review, there was ambiguous immunohistochemistry loss in 6% (3/53) and failure to analyze the same tumor area by both methods in 34% (18/53). Of the remaining discordant cases, 41% (13/32) revealed hemizygous (n=8) or homozygous (n=5) PTEN gene deletion that was focal in most cases (11/13). The remaining 19 cases had two copies of the PTEN gene detected by FISH, representing truly discordant cases. Our automated PTEN immunohistochemistry assay is a sensitive method for detection of homozygous PTEN gene deletions. Immunohistochemistry screening is particularly useful to identify cases with heterogeneous PTEN gene deletion in a subset of tumor glands. Mutations, small insertions, or deletions and/or epigenetic or microRNA-mediated mechanisms may lead to PTEN protein loss in tumors with normal or hemizygous PTEN gene copy number.
Collapse
|