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Hyder SK, Lazarini-Lopes W, Toib J, Williams G, Sukharev A, Forcelli PA. Optogenetic stimulation of dorsal striatum bidirectionally controls seizures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.18.613710. [PMID: 39345377 PMCID: PMC11429780 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.18.613710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Engagement of the striatum (caudate/putamen) and other basal ganglia nuclei during seizures was first observed over 75 years ago. Basal ganglia output nuclei, and the substantia nigra pars reticulata, in particular, have well-established anti-seizure effects across a large array of experimental models. However, striatal control of seizures is understudied. To address this gap, we used optogenetic approaches to activate and inactivate neurons in the dorsal striatum of Sprague-Dawley rats submitted to the gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) model of absence epilepsy, amygdala kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy, and pilocarpine-induced Status Epilepticus (SE). All tests were performed on a within-subject basis. Animals were tested in two different light frequencies (5 Hz and 100 Hz). Open-loop (continuous light delivery) optogenetic activation of the dorsal striatal neurons robustly suppressed seizures in all models. On the other hand, optogenetic silencing of the dorsal striatal neurons increased absence seizure expression and facilitated SE onset but had no effect on kindled limbic seizures. In the GBL model, we also verified if the closed- loop strategy (light delivery in response to seizure detection) would be enough to induce antiseizure effects. On-demand light delivery in ChR2-expressing animals reduced SWD duration, while the same approach in ArchT-expressing animals increased SWD duration. These results demonstrated previously unrecognized anti-absence effects associated with striatal continuous and on-demand neuromodulation. Together, these findings document a robust, bidirectional role of the dorsal striatum in the control of seizure generation and propagation in a variety of seizure models, including focal seizure onset and generalized seizures.
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Ricci A, Rubino E, Serra GP, Wallén-Mackenzie Å. Concerning neuromodulation as treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorder: Insights gained from selective targeting of the subthalamic nucleus, para-subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2024; 256:110003. [PMID: 38789078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Neuromodulation such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) is advancing as a clinical intervention in several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, tremor, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for which DBS is already applied to alleviate severely afflicted individuals of symptoms. Tourette syndrome and drug addiction are two additional disorders for which DBS is in trial or proposed as treatment. However, some major remaining obstacles prevent this intervention from reaching its full therapeutic potential. Side-effects have been reported, and not all DBS-treated individuals are relieved of their symptoms. One major target area for DBS electrodes is the subthalamic nucleus (STN) which plays important roles in motor, affective and associative functions, with impact on for example movement, motivation, impulsivity, compulsivity, as well as both reward and aversion. The multifunctionality of the STN is complex. Decoding the anatomical-functional organization of the STN could enhance strategic targeting in human patients. The STN is located in close proximity to zona incerta (ZI) and the para-subthalamic nucleus (pSTN). Together, the STN, pSTN and ZI form a highly heterogeneous and clinically important brain area. Rodent-based experimental studies, including opto- and chemogenetics as well as viral-genetic tract tracings, provide unique insight into complex neuronal circuitries and their impact on behavior with high spatial and temporal precision. This research field has advanced tremendously over the past few years. Here, we provide an inclusive review of current literature in the pre-clinical research fields centered around STN, pSTN and ZI in laboratory mice and rats; the three highly heterogeneous and enigmatic structures brought together in the context of relevance for treatment strategies. Specific emphasis is placed on methods of manipulation and behavioral impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ricci
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Eleonora Rubino
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Gian Pietro Serra
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Åsa Wallén-Mackenzie
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Barker RA, Björklund A, Parmar M. The history and status of dopamine cell therapies for Parkinson's disease. Bioessays 2024:e2400118. [PMID: 39058892 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway which has led to the successful development of drug therapies that replace or stimulate this network pharmacologically. Although these drugs work well in the early stages of the disease, over time they produce side effects along with less consistent clinical benefits to the person with Parkinson's (PwP). As such there has been much interest in repairing this pathway using transplants of dopamine neurons. This work which began 50 years ago this September is still ongoing and has now moved to first in human trials using human pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons. The results of these trials are eagerly awaited although proof of principle data has already come from trials using human fetal midbrain dopamine cell transplants. This data has shown that developing dopamine cells when transplanted in the brain of a PwP can survive long term with clinical benefits lasting decades and with restoration of normal dopaminergic innervation in the grafted striatum. In this article, we discuss the history of this field and how this has now led us to the recent stem cell trials for PwP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Barker
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anders Björklund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Parmar
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund Stem Cell Center and Division of Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Liu X, Guang J, Glowinsky S, Abadi H, Arkadir D, Linetsky E, Abu Snineh M, León JF, Israel Z, Wang W, Bergman H. Subthalamic nucleus input-output dynamics are correlated with Parkinson's burden and treatment efficacy. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:117. [PMID: 38879564 PMCID: PMC11180194 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is pivotal in basal ganglia function in health and disease. Micro-electrode recordings of >25,000 recording sites from 146 Parkinson's patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) allowed differentiation between subthalamic input, represented by local field potential (LFP), and output, reflected in spike discharge rate (SPK). As with many natural systems, STN neuronal activity exhibits power-law dynamics characterized by the exponent α. We, therefore, dissected STN data into aperiodic and periodic components using the Fitting Oscillations & One Over F (FOOOF) tool. STN LFP showed significantly higher aperiodic exponents than SPK. Additionally, SPK beta oscillations demonstrated a downward frequency shift compared to LFP. Finally, the STN aperiodic and spiking parameters explained a significant fraction of the variance of the burden and treatment efficacy of Parkinson's disease. The unique STN input-output dynamics may clarify its role in Parkinson's physiology and can be utilized in closed-loop DBS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxue Lane No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jing Guang
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stefanie Glowinsky
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hodaya Abadi
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Arkadir
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eduard Linetsky
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muneer Abu Snineh
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Juan F León
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxue Lane No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hagai Bergman
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Wang X, Chen M, Shen Y, Li Y, Li S, Xu Y, Liu Y, Su F, Xin T. A longitudinal electrophysiological and behavior dataset for PD rat in response to deep brain stimulation. Sci Data 2024; 11:500. [PMID: 38750096 PMCID: PMC11096386 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we presented an electrophysiological dataset collected from layer V of the primary motor cortex (M1) and the corresponding behavior dataset from normal and hemi-parkinson rats over 5 consecutive weeks. The electrophysiological dataset was constituted by the raw wideband signal, neuronal spikes, and local field potential (LFP) signal. The open-field test was done and recorded to evaluate the behavior variation of rats among the entire experimental cycle. We conducted technical validation of this dataset through sorting the spike data to form action potential waveforms and analyzing the spectral power of LFP data, then based on these findings a closed-loop DBS protocol was developed by the oscillation activity response of M1 LFP signal. Additionally, this protocol was applied to the hemi-parkinson rat for five consecutive days while simultaneously recording the electrophysiological data. This dataset is currently the only publicly available dataset that includes longitudinal closed-loop DBS recordings, which can be utilized to investigate variations of neuronal activity within the M1 following long-term closed-loop DBS, and explore additional reliable biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, China
| | - Yin Shen
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yuanhao Xu
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Su
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China.
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
- Shandong Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Chen Y, Zhu G, Yuan T, Ma R, Zhang X, Meng F, Yang A, Du T, Zhang J. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation alleviates oxidative stress via mitophagy in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:52. [PMID: 38448431 PMCID: PMC10917786 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) has the potential to delay Parkinson's disease (PD) progression. Whether oxidative stress participates in the neuroprotective effects of DBS and related signaling pathways remains unknown. To address this, we applied STN-DBS to mice and monkey models of PD and collected brain tissue to evaluate mitophagy, oxidative stress, and related pathway. To confirm findings in animal experiments, a cohort of PD patients was recruited and oxidative stress was evaluated in cerebrospinal fluid. When PD mice received STN stimulation, the mTOR pathway was suppressed, accompanied by elevated LC3 II expression, increased mitophagosomes, and a decrease in p62 expression. The increase in mitophagy and balance of mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics in the substantia nigra caused a marked enhancement of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels. Subsequently, fewer mitochondrial apoptogenic factors were released to the cytoplasm, which resulted in a suppression of caspase activation and reservation of dopaminergic neurons. While interfaced with an mTOR activator, oxidative stress was no longer regulated by STN-DBS, with no neuroprotective effect. Similar results to those found in the rodent experiments were obtained in monkeys treated with chronic STN stimulation. Moreover, antioxidant enzymes in PD patients were increased after the operation, however, there was no relation between changes in antioxidant enzymes and motor impairment. Collectively, our study found that STN-DBS was able to increase mitophagy via an mTOR-dependent pathway, and oxidative stress was suppressed due to removal of damaged mitochondria, which was attributed to the dopaminergic neuroprotection of STN-DBS in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, 100070, Beijing, China
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, 100070, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshuo Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, 100070, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, 100070, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, 100070, Beijing, China
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, 100070, Beijing, China
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China
| | - Anchao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, 100070, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, 100070, Beijing, China.
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, 100070, Beijing, China.
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China.
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7
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Gos A, Steiner J, Trübner K, Ungewickell J, Mawrin C, Karnecki K, Kaliszan M, Gos T. Inverse pattern of GABAergic system impairment in the external versus internal globus pallidus in male heroin addicts. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:445-452. [PMID: 37507486 PMCID: PMC10914887 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Opioid addiction is a global problem that has been exacerbated in the USA and Europe by the COVID-19 pandemic. The globus pallidus (GP) plays a prominent neurobiological role in the regulation of behaviour as an output station of the striato-pallidal system. GABAergic large projection neurons are the main neuronal type in the external (EGP) and internal (IGP) parts of the GP, where addiction-specific molecular and functional abnormalities occur. In these neurons, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) with isoforms GAD 65 and 67 is a key enzyme in GABA synthesis, and experimental studies suggest GAD dysregulation in the GP of heroin addicts. Our study, which was performed on paraffin-embedded brains from the Magdeburg Brain Bank, aimed to investigate abnormalities in the GABAergic function of large GP neurons by densitometric evaluation of their GAD 65/67-immunostained thick dendrites. The study revealed a bilaterally decreased fibres density in the EGP paralleled by the increase in the IGP in 11 male heroin addicts versus 11 healthy controls (significant U-test P values). The analysis of confounding variables found no interference of age, brain volume, and duration of formalin fixation with the results. Our findings suggest a dysregulation of GABAergic activity in the GP of heroin addicts, which is consistent with experimental data from animal models and plays potentially a role in the disturbed function of basal ganglia circuit in opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gos
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Trübner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonas Ungewickell
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karol Karnecki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Kaliszan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Hollunder B, Ostrem JL, Sahin IA, Rajamani N, Oxenford S, Butenko K, Neudorfer C, Reinhardt P, Zvarova P, Polosan M, Akram H, Vissani M, Zhang C, Sun B, Navratil P, Reich MM, Volkmann J, Yeh FC, Baldermann JC, Dembek TA, Visser-Vandewalle V, Alho EJL, Franceschini PR, Nanda P, Finke C, Kühn AA, Dougherty DD, Richardson RM, Bergman H, DeLong MR, Mazzoni A, Romito LM, Tyagi H, Zrinzo L, Joyce EM, Chabardes S, Starr PA, Li N, Horn A. Mapping dysfunctional circuits in the frontal cortex using deep brain stimulation. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:573-586. [PMID: 38388734 PMCID: PMC10917675 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Frontal circuits play a critical role in motor, cognitive and affective processing, and their dysfunction may result in a variety of brain disorders. However, exactly which frontal domains mediate which (dys)functions remains largely elusive. We studied 534 deep brain stimulation electrodes implanted to treat four different brain disorders. By analyzing which connections were modulated for optimal therapeutic response across these disorders, we segregated the frontal cortex into circuits that had become dysfunctional in each of them. Dysfunctional circuits were topographically arranged from occipital to frontal, ranging from interconnections with sensorimotor cortices in dystonia, the primary motor cortex in Tourette's syndrome, the supplementary motor area in Parkinson's disease, to ventromedial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Our findings highlight the integration of deep brain stimulation with brain connectomics as a powerful tool to explore couplings between brain structure and functional impairments in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hollunder
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jill L Ostrem
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilkem Aysu Sahin
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nanditha Rajamani
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simón Oxenford
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Butenko
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Neudorfer
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pablo Reinhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Zvarova
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mircea Polosan
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Harith Akram
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Matteo Vissani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rujin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rujin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pavel Navratil
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin M Reich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fang-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Baldermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Till A Dembek
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Pranav Nanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carsten Finke
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Darin D Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mahlon R DeLong
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alberto Mazzoni
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi M Romito
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Himanshu Tyagi
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Eileen M Joyce
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Stephan Chabardes
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Philip A Starr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ningfei Li
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Horn
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Magielse N, Heuer K, Toro R, Schutter DJLG, Valk SL. A Comparative Perspective on the Cerebello-Cerebral System and Its Link to Cognition. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:1293-1307. [PMID: 36417091 PMCID: PMC10657313 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The longstanding idea that the cerebral cortex is the main neural correlate of human cognition can be elaborated by comparative analyses along the vertebrate phylogenetic tree that support the view that the cerebello-cerebral system is suited to support non-motor functions more generally. In humans, diverse accounts have illustrated cerebellar involvement in cognitive functions. Although the neocortex, and its transmodal association cortices such as the prefrontal cortex, have become disproportionately large over primate evolution specifically, human neocortical volume does not appear to be exceptional relative to the variability within primates. Rather, several lines of evidence indicate that the exceptional volumetric increase of the lateral cerebellum in conjunction with its connectivity with the cerebral cortical system may be linked to non-motor functions and mental operation in primates. This idea is supported by diverging cerebello-cerebral adaptations that potentially coevolve with cognitive abilities across other vertebrates such as dolphins, parrots, and elephants. Modular adaptations upon the vertebrate cerebello-cerebral system may thus help better understand the neuroevolutionary trajectory of the primate brain and its relation to cognition in humans. Lateral cerebellar lobules crura I-II and their reciprocal connections to the cerebral cortical association areas appear to have substantially expanded in great apes, and humans. This, along with the notable increase in the ventral portions of the dentate nucleus and a shift to increased relative prefrontal-cerebellar connectivity, suggests that modular cerebellar adaptations support cognitive functions in humans. In sum, we show how comparative neuroscience provides new avenues to broaden our understanding of cerebellar and cerebello-cerebral functions in the context of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville Magielse
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Otto Hahn Cognitive Neurogenetics Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katja Heuer
- Institute Pasteur, Unité de Neuroanatomie Appliquée et Théorique, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roberto Toro
- Institute Pasteur, Unité de Neuroanatomie Appliquée et Théorique, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie L Valk
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Otto Hahn Cognitive Neurogenetics Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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10
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Santin MDN, Tempier N, Belaid H, Zenoni M, Dumas S, Wallén-Mackenzie Å, Bardinet E, Destrieux C, François C, Karachi C. Anatomical characterisation of three different psychosurgical targets in the subthalamic area: from the basal ganglia to the limbic system. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1977-1992. [PMID: 37668733 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective neural stimulation for the treatment of severe psychiatric disorders needs accurate characterisation of surgical targets. This is especially true for the medial subthalamic region (MSR) which contains three targets: the anteromedial STN for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) for depression and OCD, and the "Sano triangle" for pathological aggressiveness. Blocks containing the subthalamic area were obtained from two human brains. After obtaining 11.7-Tesla MRI, blocks were cut in regular sections for immunohistochemistry. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation was performed on the macaque MSR. Electron microscopic observation for synaptic specialisation was performed on human and macaque subthalamic fresh samples. Images of human brain sections were reconstructed in a cryoblock which was registered on the MRI and histological slices were then registered. The STN contains glutamatergic and fewer GABAergic neurons and has no strict boundary with the adjacent MSR. The anteromedial STN has abundant dopaminergic and serotoninergic innervation with very sparse dopaminergic neurons. The MFB is composed of dense anterior dopaminergic and posterior serotoninergic fibres, and fewer cholinergic and glutamatergic fibres. Medially, the Sano triangle presumably contains orexinergic terminals from the hypothalamus, and neurons with strong nuclear oestrogen receptor-alpha staining with a decreased anteroposterior and mediolateral gradient of staining. These findings provide new insight regarding MSR cells and their fibre specialisation, forming a transition zone between the basal ganglia and the limbic systems. Our 3D reconstruction enabled us to visualize the main histological features of the three targets which should enable better targeting and understanding of neuromodulatory stimulation results in severe psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie des Neiges Santin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Tempier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Hayat Belaid
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, 29 rue Manin, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Zenoni
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Åsa Wallén-Mackenzie
- Department of Organismal Biology, Unit of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, S-756 32, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eric Bardinet
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Destrieux
- UMR Inserm U1253, IBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Chantal François
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Carine Karachi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France.
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurochirurgie, Paris, France.
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11
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Kirkeby A, Nelander J, Hoban DB, Rogelius N, Bjartmarz H, Storm P, Fiorenzano A, Adler AF, Vale S, Mudannayake J, Zhang Y, Cardoso T, Mattsson B, Landau AM, Glud AN, Sørensen JC, Lillethorup TP, Lowdell M, Carvalho C, Bain O, van Vliet T, Lindvall O, Björklund A, Harry B, Cutting E, Widner H, Paul G, Barker RA, Parmar M. Preclinical quality, safety, and efficacy of a human embryonic stem cell-derived product for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, STEM-PD. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1299-1314.e9. [PMID: 37802036 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) based on transplantation of pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons are now entering clinical trials. Here, we present quality, safety, and efficacy data supporting the first-in-human STEM-PD phase I/IIa clinical trial along with the trial design. The STEM-PD product was manufactured under GMP and quality tested in vitro and in vivo to meet regulatory requirements. Importantly, no adverse effects were observed upon testing of the product in a 39-week rat GLP safety study for toxicity, tumorigenicity, and biodistribution, and a non-GLP efficacy study confirmed that the transplanted cells mediated full functional recovery in a pre-clinical rat model of PD. We further observed highly comparable efficacy results between two different GMP batches, verifying that the product can be serially manufactured. A fully in vivo-tested batch of STEM-PD is now being used in a clinical trial of 8 patients with moderate PD, initiated in 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnete Kirkeby
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW) and Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jenny Nelander
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Deirdre B Hoban
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nina Rogelius
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hjálmar Bjartmarz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Storm
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Fiorenzano
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrew F Adler
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shelby Vale
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Janitha Mudannayake
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yu Zhang
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tiago Cardoso
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Mattsson
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne M Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Center and Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Andreas N Glud
- Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens C Sørensen
- Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thea P Lillethorup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Center and Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mark Lowdell
- Centre for Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Carla Carvalho
- Centre for Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Owen Bain
- Centre for Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | | | - Olle Lindvall
- Lund Stem Cell Center and Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Björklund
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bronwen Harry
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Emma Cutting
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Håkan Widner
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gesine Paul
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger A Barker
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK; Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Malin Parmar
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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12
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Bjerke IE, Yates SC, Carey H, Bjaalie JG, Leergaard TB. Scaling up cell-counting efforts in neuroscience through semi-automated methods. iScience 2023; 26:107562. [PMID: 37636060 PMCID: PMC10457595 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying how the cellular composition of brain regions vary across development, aging, sex, and disease, is crucial in experimental neuroscience, and the accuracy of different counting methods is continuously debated. Due to the tedious nature of most counting procedures, studies are often restricted to one or a few brain regions. Recently, there have been considerable methodological advances in combining semi-automated feature extraction with brain atlases for cell quantification. Such methods hold great promise for scaling up cell-counting efforts. However, little focus has been paid to how these methods should be implemented and reported to support reproducibility. Here, we provide an overview of practices for conducting and reporting cell counting in mouse and rat brains, showing that critical details for interpretation are typically lacking. We go on to discuss how novel methods may increase efficiency and reproducibility of cell counting studies. Lastly, we provide practical recommendations for researchers planning cell counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Elise Bjerke
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sharon Christine Yates
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harry Carey
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Gunnar Bjaalie
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Brauns Leergaard
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Emmi A, Campagnolo M, Stocco E, Carecchio M, Macchi V, Antonini A, De Caro R, Porzionato A. Neurotransmitter and receptor systems in the subthalamic nucleus. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1595-1617. [PMID: 37479801 PMCID: PMC10471682 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The Subthalamic Nucleus (STh) is a lens-shaped subcortical structure located ventrally to the thalamus, that despite being embryologically derived from the diencephalon, is functionally implicated in the basal ganglia circuits. Because of this strict structural and functional relationship with the circuits of the basal ganglia, the STh is a current target for deep brain stimulation, a neurosurgical procedure employed to alleviate symptoms in movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and dystonia. However, despite the great relevance of this structure for both basal ganglia physiology and pathology, the neurochemical and molecular anatomy of the STh remains largely unknown. Few studies have specifically addressed the detection of neurotransmitter systems and their receptors within the structure, and even fewer have investigated their topographical distribution. Here, we have reviewed the scientific literature on neurotransmitters relevant in the STh function of rodents, non-human primates and humans including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline with particular focus on their subcellular, cellular and topographical distribution. Inter-species differences were highlighted to provide a framework for further research priorities, particularly in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Emmi
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Centre for Rare Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Campagnolo
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Centre for Rare Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Stocco
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Miryam Carecchio
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Centre for Rare Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Centre for Rare Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CESNE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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14
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Hollunder B, Ostrem JL, Sahin IA, Rajamani N, Oxenford S, Butenko K, Neudorfer C, Reinhardt P, Zvarova P, Polosan M, Akram H, Vissani M, Zhang C, Sun B, Navratil P, Reich MM, Volkmann J, Yeh FC, Baldermann JC, Dembek TA, Visser-Vandewalle V, Alho EJL, Franceschini PR, Nanda P, Finke C, Kühn AA, Dougherty DD, Richardson RM, Bergman H, DeLong MR, Mazzoni A, Romito LM, Tyagi H, Zrinzo L, Joyce EM, Chabardes S, Starr PA, Li N, Horn A. Mapping Dysfunctional Circuits in the Frontal Cortex Using Deep Brain Stimulation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.07.23286766. [PMID: 36945497 PMCID: PMC10029043 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.23286766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Frontal circuits play a critical role in motor, cognitive, and affective processing - and their dysfunction may result in a variety of brain disorders. However, exactly which frontal domains mediate which (dys)function remains largely elusive. Here, we study 534 deep brain stimulation electrodes implanted to treat four different brain disorders. By analyzing which connections were modulated for optimal therapeutic response across these disorders, we segregate the frontal cortex into circuits that became dysfunctional in each of them. Dysfunctional circuits were topographically arranged from occipital to rostral, ranging from interconnections with sensorimotor cortices in dystonia, with the primary motor cortex in Tourette's syndrome, the supplementary motor area in Parkinson's disease, to ventromedial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Our findings highlight the integration of deep brain stimulation with brain connectomics as a powerful tool to explore couplings between brain structure and functional impairment in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hollunder
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jill L. Ostrem
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilkem Aysu Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nanditha Rajamani
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simón Oxenford
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Butenko
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Neudorfer
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pablo Reinhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Zvarova
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mircea Polosan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Psychiatry Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Harith Akram
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Matteo Vissani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rujin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rujin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pavel Navratil
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin M. Reich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fang-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Baldermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Till A. Dembek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Pranav Nanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carsten Finke
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A. Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Darin D. Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R. Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hagai Bergman
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University, Hassadah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mahlon R. DeLong
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alberto Mazzoni
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi M. Romito
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Himanshu Tyagi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Eileen M. Joyce
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Stephan Chabardes
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Philip A. Starr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ningfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Ortone A, Vergani AA, Ahmadipour M, Mannella R, Mazzoni A. Dopamine depletion leads to pathological synchronization of distinct basal ganglia loops in the beta band. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010645. [PMID: 37104542 PMCID: PMC10168586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease (PD) are associated with dopamine deficits and pathological oscillation of basal ganglia (BG) neurons in the β range ([12-30] Hz). However, how dopamine depletion affects the oscillation dynamics of BG nuclei is still unclear. With a spiking neurons model, we here capture the features of BG nuclei interactions leading to oscillations in dopamine-depleted condition. We highlight that both the loop between subthalamic nucleus (STN) and Globus Pallidus pars externa (GPe) and the loop between striatal fast spiking and medium spiny neurons and GPe display resonances in the β range, and synchronize to a common β frequency through interaction. Crucially, the synchronization depends on dopamine depletion: the two loops are largely independent for high levels of dopamine, but progressively synchronize as dopamine is depleted due to the increased strength of the striatal loop. The model is validated against recent experimental reports on the role of cortical inputs, STN and GPe activity in the generation of β oscillations. Our results highlight the role of the interplay between the GPe-STN and the GPe-striatum loop in generating sustained β oscillations in PD subjects, and explain how this interplay depends on the level of dopamine. This paves the way to the design of therapies specifically addressing the onset of pathological β oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ortone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pontedera, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Arturo Vergani
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pontedera, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mahboubeh Ahmadipour
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pontedera, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Mazzoni
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pontedera, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Bingham CS, Petersen MV, Parent M, McIntyre CC. Evolving characterization of the human hyperdirect pathway. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:353-365. [PMID: 36708394 PMCID: PMC10716731 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The hyperdirect pathway (HDP) represents the main glutamatergic input to the subthalamic nucleus (STN), through which the motor and prefrontal cerebral cortex can modulate basal ganglia activity. Further, direct activation of the motor HDP is thought to be an important component of therapeutic deep brain stimulation (DBS), mediating the disruption of pathological oscillations. Alternatively, unintended recruitment of the prefrontal HDP may partly explain some cognitive side effects of DBS therapy. Previous work describing the HDP has focused on non-human primate (NHP) histological pathway tracings, diffusion-weighted MRI analysis of human white matter, and electrophysiology studies involving paired cortical recordings with DBS. However, none of these approaches alone yields a complete understanding of the complexities of the HDP. As such, we propose that generative modeling methods hold promise to bridge anatomy and physiology results, from both NHPs and humans, into a more detailed representation of the human HDP. Nonetheless, numerous features of the HDP remain to be experimentally described before model-based methods can simulate corticosubthalamic activity with a high degree of scientific detail. Therefore, the goals of this review are to examine the experimental evidence for HDP projections from across the primate neocortex and discuss new data which are required to improve the utility of anatomical and biophysical models of the human corticosubthalamic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton S Bingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Martin Parent
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cameron C McIntyre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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17
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Kitano K. The network configuration in Parkinsonian state compensates network activity change caused by loss of dopamine. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15612. [PMID: 36802196 PMCID: PMC9938010 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder caused by dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia. Neural activity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus externus (GPe) in the basal ganglia are closely related to motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, the pathogenesis of the disease and the transition from the normal state to the pathological state have yet to be elucidated. The functional organization of the GPe is gaining attention due to the recent finding that it consists of two distinct cell populations, namely prototypic GPe neurons and arkypallidal neurons. Identifying connectivity structures between these cell populations, as well as STN neurons, in relation to the dependence of the network activity on the dopaminergic effects is vital. In the present study, using a computational model of the STN-GPe network, we explored biologically plausible connectivity structures between these cell populations. We evaluated the experimentally reported neural activities of these cell types to elucidate the effects of dopaminergic modulation and changes caused by chronic dopamine depletion, such as strengthened connections in the neural activity of the STN-GPe network. Our results indicate that the arkypallidal neurons receive cortical inputs separately from the source for prototypic and STN neurons, suggesting that arkypallidal neurons might be responsible for an additional pathway with the cortex. Furthermore, changes caused by chronic dopamine depletion compensate for the loss of dopaminergic modulation. Changes caused by dopamine depletion itself likely induce the pathological activity observed in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, such changes counteract those of firing rates caused by loss of dopaminergic modulation. In addition, we observed that the STN-GPe tends to exhibit activity with pathological characteristics as side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Kitano
- Department of Information Science and EngineeringRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
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18
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Gernert M, MacKeigan D, Deking L, Kaczmarek E, Feja M. Acute and chronic convection-enhanced muscimol delivery into the rat subthalamic nucleus induces antiseizure effects associated with high responder rates. Epilepsy Res 2023; 190:107097. [PMID: 36736200 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral drug delivery is an emerging treatment strategy aiming to manage seizures in patients with systemic drug-resistant epilepsies. In rat seizure and epilepsy models, the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol has shown powerful antiseizure potential when injected acutely into the subthalamic nucleus (STN), known for its capacity to provide remote control of different seizure types. However, chronic intrasubthalamic muscimol delivery required for long-term seizure suppression has not yet been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that chronic convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of muscimol into the STN produces long-lasting antiseizure effects in the intravenous pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold test in female rats. Acute microinjection was included to verify efficacy of intrasubthalamic muscimol delivery in this seizure model and caused significant antiseizure effects at 30 and 60 ng per hemisphere with a dose-dependent increase of responders and efficacy and only mild adverse effects compared to controls. For the chronic study, muscimol was bilaterally infused into the STN over three weeks at daily doses of 60, 300, or 600 ng per hemisphere using an implantable pump and cannula system. Chronic intrasubthalamic CED of muscimol caused significant long-lasting antiseizure effects for up to three weeks at 300 and 600 ng daily. Drug responder rate increased dose-dependently, as did drug tolerance rates. Transient ataxia and body weight loss were the main adverse effects. Drug distribution was comparable (about 2-3 mm) between acute and chronic delivery. This is the first study providing proof-of-concept that not only acute, but also chronic, continuous CED of muscimol into the STN raises seizure thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gernert
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Devlin MacKeigan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lillian Deking
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Edith Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Feja
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
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19
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Honma M, Sasaki F, Kamo H, Nuermaimaiti M, Kujirai H, Atsumi T, Umemura A, Iwamuro H, Shimo Y, Oyama G, Hattori N, Terao Y. Role of the subthalamic nucleus in perceiving and estimating the passage of time. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1090052. [PMID: 36936495 PMCID: PMC10017994 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1090052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sense of time (temporal sense) is believed to be processed by various brain regions in a complex manner, among which the basal ganglia, including the striatum and subthalamic nucleus (STN), play central roles. However, the precise mechanism for processing sense of time has not been clarified. To examine the role of the STN in temporal processing of the sense of time by directly manipulating STN function by switching a deep brain stimulation (DBS) device On/Off in 28 patients with Parkinson's disease undergoing STN-DBS therapy. The test session was performed approximately 20 min after switching the DBS device from On to Off or from Off to On. Temporal sense processing was assessed in three different tasks (time reproduction, time production, and bisection). In the three temporal cognitive tasks, switching STN-DBS to Off caused shorter durations to be produced compared with the switching to the On condition in the time production task. In contrast, no effect of STN-DBS was observed in the time bisection or time reproduction tasks. These findings suggest that the STN is involved in the representation process of time duration and that the role of the STN in the sense of time may be limited to the exteriorization of memories formed by experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Honma
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Motoyasu Honma,
| | - Fuyuko Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kamo
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Kujirai
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Atsumi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Iwamuro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimo
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genko Oyama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terao
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Yasuo Terao,
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20
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Ruiz MCM, Guimarães RP, Mortari MR. Parkinson’s Disease Rodent Models: are they suitable for DBS research? J Neurosci Methods 2022; 380:109687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Buck J, Manion MTC, Zhang W, Glasper ER, Wang KH. Comparative anatomical analysis of dopamine systems in Mus musculus and Peromyscus californicus. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2219-2227. [PMID: 35501609 PMCID: PMC11115318 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine plays important roles in motivational and social behaviors in mammals, and it has been implicated in several human neurological and psychiatric disorders. Rodents are used extensively as experimental models to study dopamine function in health and disease. However, interspecies differences of dopamine systems remain incompletely characterized. Here, we assessed whether the commonly referenced anatomical organization of dopamine systems in Mus musculus differs from another rodent species, Peromyscus californicus, which exhibits unique social behaviors such as biparental care. We applied tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence labeling and high-throughput microscopy to establish whole-brain maps of dopamine systems in P. californicus. By comparing these maps to those from M. musculus, we identified unexpected anatomical similarity and difference between these two species. A sex difference in dopamine neurons at the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, which has been implicated in regulating the maternal behaviors of the uniparental M. musculus, is similarly present in the biparental P. californicus. In contrast, major interspecies differences from M. musculus are found in the ventral midbrain and striatum of P. californicus, including the expansion of midbrain dopamine neurons into the ventral substantia nigra and the presence of an internal capsule-like white matter tract that demarcates a dorsomedial area from the rest of the striatum. These features identified in P. californicus resemble the anatomical organization of the primate brain more closely compared to those in M. musculus. Our findings suggest that P. californicus is a unique model organism for studying the evolution of dopamine systems in mammals and the disorders of dopamine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Buck
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Matthew T C Manion
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Erica R Glasper
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43235, USA
| | - Kuan Hong Wang
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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22
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Moolchand P, Jones SR, Frank MJ. Biophysical and Architectural Mechanisms of Subthalamic Theta under Response Conflict. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4470-4487. [PMID: 35477903 PMCID: PMC9172290 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2433-19.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cortico-basal ganglia circuit is needed to suppress prepotent actions and to facilitate controlled behavior. Under conditions of response conflict, the frontal cortex and subthalamic nucleus (STN) exhibit increased spiking and theta band power, which are linked to adaptive regulation of behavioral output. The electrophysiological mechanisms underlying these neural signatures of impulse control remain poorly understood. To address this lacuna, we constructed a novel large-scale, biophysically principled model of the subthalamopallidal (STN-globus pallidus externus) network and examined the mechanisms that modulate theta power and spiking in response to cortical input. Simulations confirmed that theta power does not emerge from intrinsic network dynamics but is robustly elicited in response to cortical input as burst events representing action selection dynamics. Rhythmic burst events of multiple cortical populations, representing a state of conflict where cortical motor plans vacillate in the theta range, led to prolonged STN theta and increased spiking, consistent with empirical literature. Notably, theta band signaling required NMDA, but not AMPA, currents, which were in turn related to a triphasic STN response characterized by spiking, silence, and bursting periods. Finally, theta band resonance was also strongly modulated by architectural connectivity, with maximal theta arising when multiple cortical populations project to individual STN "conflict detector" units because of an NMDA-dependent supralinear response. Our results provide insights into the biophysical principles and architectural constraints that give rise to STN dynamics during response conflict, and how their disruption can lead to impulsivity and compulsivity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The subthalamic nucleus exhibits theta band power modulation related to cognitive control over motor actions during conditions of response conflict. However, the mechanisms of such dynamics are not understood. Here we developed a novel biophysically detailed and data-constrained large-scale model of the subthalamopallidal network, and examined the impacts of cellular and network architectural properties that give rise to theta dynamics. Our investigations implicate an important role for NMDA receptors and cortico-subthalamic nucleus topographical connectivities in theta power modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prannath Moolchand
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Stephanie R Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Michael J Frank
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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23
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McComish SF, MacMahon Copas AN, Caldwell MA. Human Brain-Based Models Provide a Powerful Tool for the Advancement of Parkinson’s Disease Research and Therapeutic Development. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:851058. [PMID: 35651633 PMCID: PMC9149087 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.851058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and affects approximately 2–3% of the population over the age of 65. PD is characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra, leading to debilitating motor symptoms including bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. PD also results in a host of non-motor symptoms such as cognitive decline, sleep disturbances and depression. Although existing therapies can successfully manage some motor symptoms for several years, there is still no means to halt progression of this severely debilitating disorder. Animal models used to replicate aspects of PD have contributed greatly to our current understanding but do not fully replicate pathological mechanisms as they occur in patients. Because of this, there is now great interest in the use of human brain-based models to help further our understanding of disease processes. Human brain-based models include those derived from embryonic stem cells, patient-derived induced neurons, induced pluripotent stem cells and brain organoids, as well as post-mortem tissue. These models facilitate in vitro analysis of disease mechanisms and it is hoped they will help bridge the existing gap between bench and bedside. This review will discuss the various human brain-based models utilised in PD research today and highlight some of the key breakthroughs they have facilitated. Furthermore, the potential caveats associated with the use of human brain-based models will be detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F. McComish
- Department of Physiology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adina N. MacMahon Copas
- Department of Physiology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maeve A. Caldwell
- Department of Physiology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Maeve A. Caldwell,
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24
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Bingham CS, McIntyre CC. Subthalamic deep brain stimulation of an anatomically detailed model of the human hyperdirect pathway. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:1209-1220. [PMID: 35320026 PMCID: PMC9054256 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00004.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The motor hyperdirect pathway (HDP) is considered a key target in the treatment of Parkinson's disease with subthalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS). This hypothesis is partially derived from the association of HDP activation with evoked potentials (EPs) generated in the motor cortex and subthalamic nucleus (STN) after a DBS pulse. However, the biophysical details of how and when DBS-induced action potentials (APs) in HDP neurons reach their terminations in the cortex or STN remain unclear. Therefore, we used an anatomically detailed representation of the motor HDP, as well as the internal capsule (IC), in a model of human subthalamic DBS to explore AP activation and transmission in the HDP and IC. Our results show that small diameter HDP axons exhibited AP initiation in their subthalamic terminal arbor, which resulted in relatively long transmission latencies to cortex (∼3.5-8 ms). Alternatively, large diameter HDP axons were most likely to be directly activated in the capsular region, which resulted in short transmission times to the cortex (∼1-3 ms). However, those large diameter HDP antidromic APs would be indistinguishable from any other IC axons that were also activated by the stimulus. Conversely, DBS-induced APs in both small and large diameter HDP axons reached their synaptic boutons in the STN with similar timings, but both spanned a wide temporal range (∼0.5-5 ms). We also found that using anodic or bipolar stimulation helped to bias activation of the HDP over the IC. These computational results provide useful information for linking HDP activation with EP recordings in clinical experiments.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used biophysical models to study pathway recruitment and conduction latencies of the hyperdirect pathway (HDP) in response to subthalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS). The model system allowed us to assess the influence of increased anatomical realism on pathway activity and the possibility of identifying HDP activity in evoked potentials (EPs) recorded in either the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or cortex. The model predicts that HDP activation is accentuated by complex axonal branching in the STN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton S Bingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cameron C McIntyre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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25
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Wårdell K, Nordin T, Vogel D, Zsigmond P, Westin CF, Hariz M, Hemm S. Deep Brain Stimulation: Emerging Tools for Simulation, Data Analysis, and Visualization. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:834026. [PMID: 35478842 PMCID: PMC9036439 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.834026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established neurosurgical procedure for movement disorders that is also being explored for treatment-resistant psychiatric conditions. This review highlights important consideration for DBS simulation and data analysis. The literature on DBS has expanded considerably in recent years, and this article aims to identify important trends in the field. During DBS planning, surgery, and follow up sessions, several large data sets are created for each patient, and it becomes clear that any group analysis of such data is a big data analysis problem and has to be handled with care. The aim of this review is to provide an update and overview from a neuroengineering perspective of the current DBS techniques, technical aids, and emerging tools with the focus on patient-specific electric field (EF) simulations, group analysis, and visualization in the DBS domain. Examples are given from the state-of-the-art literature including our own research. This work reviews different analysis methods for EF simulations, tractography, deep brain anatomical templates, and group analysis. Our analysis highlights that group analysis in DBS is a complex multi-level problem and selected parameters will highly influence the result. DBS analysis can only provide clinically relevant information if the EF simulations, tractography results, and derived brain atlases are based on as much patient-specific data as possible. A trend in DBS research is creation of more advanced and intuitive visualization of the complex analysis results suitable for the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wårdell
- Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Teresa Nordin
- Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dorian Vogel
- Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Peter Zsigmond
- Department of Neurosurgery and Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Westin
- Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marwan Hariz
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neuroscience, Ume University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Simone Hemm
- Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
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26
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Biophysical Modeling of Dopaminergic Denervation Landscapes in the Striatum Reveals New Therapeutic Strategy. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0458-21.2022. [PMID: 35165198 PMCID: PMC8896595 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0458-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) results from a loss of dopaminergic neurons. What triggers the break-down of neuronal signaling, and how this might be compensated, is not understood. The age of onset, progression and symptoms vary between patients, and our understanding of the clinical variability remains incomplete. In this study, we investigate this, by characterizing the dopaminergic landscape in healthy and denervated striatum, using biophysical modeling. Based on currently proposed mechanisms, we model three distinct denervation patterns, and show how this affect the dopaminergic network. Depending on the denervation pattern, we show how local and global differences arise in the activity of striatal neurons. Finally, we use the mathematical formalism to suggest a cellular strategy for maintaining normal dopamine (DA) signaling following neuronal denervation. This strategy is characterized by dual enhancement of both the release and uptake capacity of DA in the remaining neurons. Overall, our results derive a new conceptual framework for the impaired dopaminergic signaling related to PD and offers testable predictions for future research directions.
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Hollunder B, Rajamani N, Siddiqi SH, Finke C, Kühn AA, Mayberg HS, Fox MD, Neudorfer C, Horn A. Toward personalized medicine in connectomic deep brain stimulation. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 210:102211. [PMID: 34958874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At the group-level, deep brain stimulation leads to significant therapeutic benefit in a multitude of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. At the single-patient level, however, symptoms may sometimes persist despite "optimal" electrode placement at established treatment coordinates. This may be partly explained by limitations of disease-centric strategies that are unable to account for heterogeneous phenotypes and comorbidities observed in clinical practice. Instead, tailoring electrode placement and programming to individual patients' symptom profiles may increase the fraction of top-responding patients. Here, we propose a three-step, circuit-based framework with the aim of developing patient-specific treatment targets that address the unique symptom constellation prevalent in each patient. First, we describe how a symptom network target library could be established by mapping beneficial or undesirable DBS effects to distinct circuits based on (retrospective) group-level data. Second, we suggest ways of matching the resulting symptom networks to circuits defined in the individual patient (template matching). Third, we introduce network blending as a strategy to calculate optimal stimulation targets and parameters by selecting and weighting a set of symptom-specific networks based on the symptom profile and subjective priorities of the individual patient. We integrate the approach with published literature and conclude by discussing limitations and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hollunder
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nanditha Rajamani
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shan H Siddiqi
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carsten Finke
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael D Fox
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Neudorfer
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Horn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Mizrahi-Kliger AD, Feldmann LK, Kühn AA, Bergman H. Etiologies of insomnia in Parkinson's disease - Lessons from human studies and animal models. Exp Neurol 2022; 350:113976. [PMID: 35026228 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are integral to Parkinson's disease (PD). Insomnia, an inability to maintain stable sleep, affects most patients and is widely rated as one of the most debilitating facets of this disease. PD insomnia is often perceived as a multifactorial entity - a consequence of several of the disease symptoms, comorbidities and therapeutic strategies. Yet, this view evolved against a backdrop of a relative scarcity of works trying to directly dissect the underlying neural correlates and mechanisms in animal models. The last years have seen the emergence of a wealth of new evidence regarding the neural underpinnings of insomnia in PD. Here, we review early and recent reports from patients and animal models evaluating the etiology of PD insomnia. We start by outlining the phenomenology of PD insomnia and continue to analyze the evidence supporting insomnia as emanating from four distinct subdivisions of etiologies - the symptoms and comorbidities of the disease, the medical therapy, the degeneration of non-dopaminergic cell groups and subsequent alterations in circadian rhythms, and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brainstem and its resulting effect on the basal ganglia. Finally, we review emerging neuromodulation-based therapeutic avenues for PD insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv D Mizrahi-Kliger
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Lucia K Feldmann
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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29
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Andree A, Li N, Butenko K, Kober M, Chen JZ, Higuchi T, Fauser M, Storch A, Ip CW, Kühn AA, Horn A, van Rienen U. Deep brain stimulation electrode modeling in rats. Exp Neurol 2022; 350:113978. [PMID: 35026227 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.113978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an efficacious treatment option for an increasing range of brain disorders. To enhance our knowledge about the mechanisms of action of DBS and to probe novel targets, basic research in animal models with DBS is an essential research base. Beyond nonhuman primate, pig, and mouse models, the rat is a widely used animal model for probing DBS effects in basic research. Reconstructing DBS electrode placement after surgery is crucial to associate observed effects with modulating a specific target structure. Post-mortem histology is a commonly used method for reconstructing the electrode location. In humans, however, neuroimaging-based electrode localizations have become established. For this reason, we adapt the open-source software pipeline Lead-DBS for DBS electrode localizations from humans to the rat model. We validate our localization results by inter-rater concordance and a comparison with the conventional histological method. Finally, using the open-source software pipeline OSS-DBS, we demonstrate the subject-specific simulation of the VTA and the activation of axon models aligned to pathways representing neuronal fibers, also known as the pathway activation model. Both activation models yield a characterization of the impact of DBS on the target area. Our results suggest that the proposed neuroimaging-based method can precisely localize DBS electrode placements that are essentially rater-independent and yield results comparable to the histological gold standard. The advantages of neuroimaging-based electrode localizations are the possibility of acquiring them in vivo and combining electrode reconstructions with advanced imaging metrics, such as those obtained from diffusion or functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This paper introduces a freely available open-source pipeline for DBS electrode reconstructions in rats. The presented initial validation results are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Andree
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ningfei Li
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department for Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Butenko
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Maria Kober
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Jia Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Mareike Fauser
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany; German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Gehlsheimer, Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany; Department Ageing of Individuals and Society, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department for Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Horn
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department for Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ursula van Rienen
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany; Department Ageing of Individuals and Society, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany; Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Bokulić E, Medenica T, Knezović V, Štajduhar A, Almahariq F, Baković M, Judaš M, Sedmak G. The Stereological Analysis and Spatial Distribution of Neurons in the Human Subthalamic Nucleus. Front Neuroanat 2022; 15:749390. [PMID: 34970124 PMCID: PMC8712451 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.749390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small, ovoid structure, and an important site of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Although the STN is a clinically important structure, there are many unresolved issues with regard to it. These issues are especially related to the anatomical subdivision, neuronal phenotype, neuronal composition, and spatial distribution. In this study, we have examined the expression pattern of 8 neuronal markers [nNOS, NeuN, parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR), FOXP2, NKX2.1, and PAX6] in the adult human STN. All of the examined markers, except CB, were present in the STN. To determine the neuronal density, we have performed stereological analysis on Nissl-stained and immunohistochemical slides of positive markers. The stereology data were also used to develop a three-dimensional map of the spatial distribution of neurons within the STN. The nNOS population exhibited the largest neuronal density. The estimated total number of nNOS STN neurons is 281,308 ± 38,967 (± 13.85%). The STN neuronal subpopulations can be divided into two groups: one with a neuronal density of approximately 3,300 neurons/mm3 and the other with a neuronal density of approximately 2,200 neurons/mm3. The largest density of STN neurons was observed along the ventromedial border of the STN and the density gradually decreased toward the dorsolateral border. In this study, we have demonstrated the presence of 7 neuronal markers in the STN, three of which were not previously described in the human STN. The human STN is a collection of diverse, intermixed neuronal subpopulations, and our data, as far as the cytoarchitectonics is concerned, did not support the tripartite STN subdivision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Bokulić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tila Medenica
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vinka Knezović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrija Štajduhar
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Public Health "Andrija Štampar," University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fadi Almahariq
- Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital "Dubrava," Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Baković
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miloš Judaš
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Sedmak
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia
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Rodriguez-Rojas R, Pineda-Pardo JA, Mañez-Miro J, Sanchez-Turel A, Martinez-Fernandez R, Del Alamo M, DeLong M, Obeso JA. Functional Topography of the Human Subthalamic Nucleus: Relevance for Subthalamotomy in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 37:279-290. [PMID: 34859498 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is considered a key structure in motor, behavioral, and emotional control. Although identification of the functional topography of the STN has therapeutic implications in the treatment of the motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD), the details of its functional and somatotopic organization in humans are not well understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the functional organization of the STN and its correlation with the motor outcomes induced by subthalamotomy. METHODS We used diffusion-weighted imaging to assess STN connectivity patterns in 23 healthy control subjects and 86 patients with PD, of whom 39 received unilateral subthalamotomy. Analytical tractography was used to reconstruct structural cortico-subthalamic connectivity. A diffusion-weighted imaging/functional magnetic resonance imaging-driven somatotopic parcellation of the STN was defined to delineate the representation of the upper and lower limb in the STN. RESULTS We confirmed a connectional gradient to sensorimotor, supplementary-motor, associative, and limbic cortical regions, spanning from posterior-dorsal-lateral to anterior-ventral-medial portions of the STN, with intermediate overlapping zones. Functional magnetic resonance imaging-driven parcellation demonstrated dual segregation of motor cortico-subthalamic projections in humans. Moreover, the relationship between lesion topography and functional anatomy of the STN explains specific improvement in bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor induced by subthalamotomy. CONCLUSIONS Our results support an interplay between segregation and integration of cortico-subthalamic projections, suggesting the coexistence of parallel and convergent information processing. Identifying the functional topography of the STN will facilitate better definition of the optimal location for functional neurosurgical approaches, that is, electrode placement and lesion location, and improve specific cardinal features in PD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rodriguez-Rojas
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Pineda-Pardo
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Mañez-Miro
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Sanchez-Turel
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Martinez-Fernandez
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Del Alamo
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mahlon DeLong
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jose A Obeso
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Liu X, Eickhoff SB, Caspers S, Wu J, Genon S, Hoffstaedter F, Mars RB, Sommer IE, Eickhoff CR, Chen J, Jardri R, Reetz K, Dogan I, Aleman A, Kogler L, Gruber O, Caspers J, Mathys C, Patil KR. Functional parcellation of human and macaque striatum reveals human-specific connectivity in the dorsal caudate. Neuroimage 2021; 235:118006. [PMID: 33819611 PMCID: PMC8214073 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide homology between human and macaque striatum is often assumed as in both the striatum is involved in cognition, emotion and executive functions. However, differences in functional and structural organization between human and macaque striatum may reveal evolutionary divergence and shed light on human vulnerability to neuropsychiatric diseases. For instance, dopaminergic dysfunction of the human striatum is considered to be a pathophysiological underpinning of different disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). Previous investigations have found a wide similarity in structural connectivity of the striatum between human and macaque, leaving the cross-species comparison of its functional organization unknown. In this study, resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) derived striatal parcels were compared based on their homologous cortico-striatal connectivity. The goal here was to identify striatal parcels whose connectivity is human-specific compared to macaque parcels. Functional parcellation revealed that the human striatum was split into dorsal, dorsomedial, and rostral caudate and ventral, central, and caudal putamen, while the macaque striatum was divided into dorsal, and rostral caudate and rostral, and caudal putamen. Cross-species comparison indicated dissimilar cortico-striatal RSFC of the topographically similar dorsal caudate. We probed clinical relevance of the striatal clusters by examining differences in their cortico-striatal RSFC and gray matter (GM) volume between patients (with PD and SCZ) and healthy controls. We found abnormal RSFC not only between dorsal caudate, but also between rostral caudate, ventral, central and caudal putamen and widespread cortical regions for both PD and SCZ patients. Also, we observed significant structural atrophy in rostral caudate, ventral and central putamen for both PD and SCZ while atrophy in the dorsal caudate was specific to PD. Taken together, our cross-species comparative results revealed shared and human-specific RSFC of different striatal clusters reinforcing the complex organization and function of the striatum. In addition, we provided a testable hypothesis that abnormalities in a region with human-specific connectivity, i.e., dorsal caudate, might be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jianxiao Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sarah Genon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Claudia R Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ji Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Lille, CNRS UMR9193, SCALab & CHU Lille, Fontan Hospital, CURE platform, Lille, France
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Imis Dogan
- JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - André Aleman
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lydia Kogler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Mathys
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kaustubh R Patil
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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Grillner S, Thompson WS. Basal ganglia reign through downstream control of motor centers in midbrain and brain stem while updating cortex with efference copy information. Neuron 2021; 109:1587-1589. [PMID: 34015264 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, McElvain et al. (2021) show that the major output of the basal ganglia, the substantia nigra pars reticulata, targets no fewer than 42 midbrain and brainstem structures and conveys an efference copy of the downstream commands back via thalamus to the cortex and striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten Grillner
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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34
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Wood AN. New roles for dopamine in motor skill acquisition: lessons from primates, rodents, and songbirds. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:2361-2374. [PMID: 33978497 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00648.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor learning is a core aspect of human life and appears to be ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom. Dopamine, a neuromodulator with a multifaceted role in synaptic plasticity, may be a key signaling molecule for motor skill learning. Though typically studied in the context of reward-based associative learning, dopamine appears to be necessary for some types of motor learning. Mesencephalic dopamine structures are highly conserved among vertebrates, as are some of their primary targets within the basal ganglia, a subcortical circuit important for motor learning and motor control. With a focus on the benefits of cross-species comparisons, this review examines how "model-free" and "model-based" computational frameworks for understanding dopamine's role in associative learning may be applied to motor learning. The hypotheses that dopamine could drive motor learning either by functioning as a reward prediction error, through passive facilitating of normal basal ganglia activity, or through other mechanisms are examined in light of new studies using humans, rodents, and songbirds. Additionally, new paradigms that could enhance our understanding of dopamine's role in motor learning by bridging the gap between the theoretical literature on motor learning in humans and other species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Wood
- Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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35
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Brady MV, Vaccarino FM. Role of SHH in Patterning Human Pluripotent Cells towards Ventral Forebrain Fates. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040914. [PMID: 33923415 PMCID: PMC8073580 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexities of human neurodevelopment have historically been challenging to decipher but continue to be of great interest in the contexts of healthy neurobiology and disease. The classic animal models and monolayer in vitro systems have limited the types of questions scientists can strive to answer in addition to the technical ability to answer them. However, the tridimensional human stem cell-derived organoid system provides the unique opportunity to model human development and mimic the diverse cellular composition of human organs. This strategy is adaptable and malleable, and these neural organoids possess the morphogenic sensitivity to be patterned in various ways to generate the different regions of the human brain. Furthermore, recapitulating human development provides a platform for disease modeling. One master regulator of human neurodevelopment in many regions of the human brain is sonic hedgehog (SHH), whose expression gradient and pathway activation are responsible for conferring ventral identity and shaping cellular phenotypes throughout the neural axis. This review first discusses the benefits, challenges, and limitations of using organoids for studying human neurodevelopment and disease, comparing advantages and disadvantages with other in vivo and in vitro model systems. Next, we explore the range of control that SHH exhibits on human neurodevelopment, and the application of SHH to various stem cell methodologies, including organoids, to expand our understanding of human development and disease. We outline how this strategy will eventually bring us much closer to uncovering the intricacies of human neurodevelopment and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flora M. Vaccarino
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Correspondence:
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Alkemade A, Forstmann BU. Imaging of the human subthalamic nucleus. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 180:403-416. [PMID: 34225944 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The human subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small lens shaped iron rich nucleus, which has gained substantial interest as a target for deep brain stimulation surgery for a variety of movement disorders. The internal anatomy of the human STN has not been fully elucidated, and an intensive debate, discussing the level of overlap between putative limbic, associative, and motor zones within the STN is still ongoing. In this chapter, we have summarized anatomical information obtained using different neuroimaging modalities focusing on the anatomy of the STN. Additionally, we have highlighted a number of major challenges faced when using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches for the visualization of small iron rich deep brain structures such as the STN. In vivo MRI and postmortem microscopy efforts provide valuable complementary information on the internal structure of the STN, although the results are not always fully aligned. Finally, we provide an outlook on future efforts that could contribute to the development of an integrative research approach that will help with the reconciliation of seemingly divergent results across research approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Alkemade
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birte U Forstmann
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gernert M, Feja M. Bypassing the Blood-Brain Barrier: Direct Intracranial Drug Delivery in Epilepsies. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121134. [PMID: 33255396 PMCID: PMC7760299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsies are common chronic neurological diseases characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures of central origin. The mainstay of treatment involves symptomatic suppression of seizures with systemically applied antiseizure drugs (ASDs). Systemic pharmacotherapies for epilepsies are facing two main challenges. First, adverse effects from (often life-long) systemic drug treatment are common, and second, about one-third of patients with epilepsy have seizures refractory to systemic pharmacotherapy. Especially the drug resistance in epilepsies remains an unmet clinical need despite the recent introduction of new ASDs. Apart from other hypotheses, epilepsy-induced alterations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are thought to prevent ASDs from entering the brain parenchyma in necessary amounts, thereby being involved in causing drug-resistant epilepsy. Although an invasive procedure, bypassing the BBB by targeted intracranial drug delivery is an attractive approach to circumvent BBB-associated drug resistance mechanisms and to lower the risk of systemic and neurologic adverse effects. Additionally, it offers the possibility of reaching higher local drug concentrations in appropriate target regions while minimizing them in other brain or peripheral areas, as well as using otherwise toxic drugs not suitable for systemic administration. In our review, we give an overview of experimental and clinical studies conducted on direct intracranial drug delivery in epilepsies. We also discuss challenges associated with intracranial pharmacotherapy for epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gernert
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)511-953-8527
| | - Malte Feja
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
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Girard B, Lienard J, Gutierrez CE, Delord B, Doya K. A biologically constrained spiking neural network model of the primate basal ganglia with overlapping pathways exhibits action selection. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2254-2277. [PMID: 32564449 PMCID: PMC8246891 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Action selection has been hypothesized to be a key function of the basal ganglia, yet the nuclei involved, their interactions and the importance of the direct/indirect pathway segregation in such process remain debated. Here, we design a spiking computational model of the monkey basal ganglia derived from a previously published population model, initially parameterized to reproduce electrophysiological activity at rest and to embody as much quantitative anatomical data as possible. As a particular feature, both models exhibit the strong overlap between the direct and indirect pathways that has been documented in non-human primates. Here, we first show how the translation from a population to an individual neuron model was achieved, with the addition of a minimal number of parameters. We then show that our model performs action selection, even though it was built without any assumption on the activity carried out during behaviour. We investigate the mechanisms of this selection through circuit disruptions and found an instrumental role of the off-centre/on-surround structure of the MSN-STN-GPi circuit, as well as of the MSN-MSN and FSI-MSN projections. This validates their potency in enabling selection. We finally study the pervasive centromedian and parafascicular thalamic inputs that reach all basal ganglia nuclei and whose influence is therefore difficult to anticipate. Our model predicts that these inputs modulate the responsiveness of action selection, making them a candidate for the regulation of the speed-accuracy trade-off during decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Girard
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligent et de Robotique (ISIR), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean Lienard
- Neural Computation Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Kunigami-gun, Japan
| | | | - Bruno Delord
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligent et de Robotique (ISIR), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Kenji Doya
- Neural Computation Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Kunigami-gun, Japan
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Kawato M, Ohmae S, Hoang H, Sanger T. 50 Years Since the Marr, Ito, and Albus Models of the Cerebellum. Neuroscience 2020; 462:151-174. [PMID: 32599123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fifty years have passed since David Marr, Masao Ito, and James Albus proposed seminal models of cerebellar functions. These models share the essential concept that parallel-fiber-Purkinje-cell synapses undergo plastic changes, guided by climbing-fiber activities during sensorimotor learning. However, they differ in several important respects, including holistic versus complementary roles of the cerebellum, pattern recognition versus control as computational objectives, potentiation versus depression of synaptic plasticity, teaching signals versus error signals transmitted by climbing-fibers, sparse expansion coding by granule cells, and cerebellar internal models. In this review, we evaluate different features of the three models based on recent computational and experimental studies. While acknowledging that the three models have greatly advanced our understanding of cerebellar control mechanisms in eye movements and classical conditioning, we propose a new direction for computational frameworks of the cerebellum, that is, hierarchical reinforcement learning with multiple internal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kawato
- Brain Information Communication Research Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institutes International (ATR), Hikaridai 2-2-2, "Keihanna Science City", Kyoto 619-0288, Japan; Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), RIKEN, Nihonbashi Mitsui Building, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan.
| | - Shogo Ohmae
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Huu Hoang
- Brain Information Communication Research Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institutes International (ATR), Hikaridai 2-2-2, "Keihanna Science City", Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Terry Sanger
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 4207 Engineering Hall, Irvine CA 92697-2625, USA; Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W La Veta Ave, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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Patriat R, Niederer J, Kaplan J, Amundsen Huffmaster S, Petrucci M, Eberly L, Harel N, MacKinnon C. Morphological changes in the subthalamic nucleus of people with mild-to-moderate Parkinson's disease: a 7T MRI study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8785. [PMID: 32472044 PMCID: PMC7260237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This project investigated whether structural changes are present in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of people with mild-to-moderate severity of Parkinson's disease (PD). Within-subject measures of STN volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) were derived from high-resolution 7Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for 29 subjects with mild-to-moderate PD (median disease duration = 2.3±1.9 years) and 18 healthy matched controls. Manual segmentation of the STN was performed on 0.4 mm in-plane resolution images. FA maps were generated and FA values were averaged over the left and right STN separately for each subject. Motor sign severity was assessed using the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Linear effects models showed that STN volume was significantly smaller in the PD subjects compared to controls (p = 0.01). Further, after controlling for differences in STN volumes within or between groups, the PD group had lower FA values in the STN compared to controls (corrected p ≤ 0.008). These findings demonstrate that morphological changes occur in the STN, which likely impact the function of the hyperdirect and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia and movement control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Patriat
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Jacob Niederer
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jordan Kaplan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Matthew Petrucci
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lynn Eberly
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Noam Harel
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Colum MacKinnon
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Deffains M, Nguyen TH, Orignac H, Biendon N, Dovero S, Bezard E, Boraud T. In vivo electrophysiological validation of DREADD‐based modulation of pallidal neurons in the non‐human primate. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2192-2204. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Deffains
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) UMR 5293Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique IMNUMR 5293 Bordeaux France
| | - Tho Haï Nguyen
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) UMR 5293Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique IMNUMR 5293 Bordeaux France
| | - Hugues Orignac
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) UMR 5293Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique IMNUMR 5293 Bordeaux France
| | - Nathalie Biendon
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) UMR 5293Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique IMNUMR 5293 Bordeaux France
| | - Sandra Dovero
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) UMR 5293Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique IMNUMR 5293 Bordeaux France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) UMR 5293Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique IMNUMR 5293 Bordeaux France
| | - Thomas Boraud
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) UMR 5293Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique IMNUMR 5293 Bordeaux France
- IMN Clinique Hôpital Pellegrin Centre hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux Place Amélie Raba Léon Bordeaux France
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Emmi A, Antonini A, Macchi V, Porzionato A, De Caro R. Anatomy and Connectivity of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Humans and Non-human Primates. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:13. [PMID: 32390807 PMCID: PMC7189217 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Subthalamic Nucleus (STh) is an oval-shaped diencephalic structure located ventrally to the thalamus, playing a fundamental role in the circuitry of the basal ganglia. In addition to being involved in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease, the STh is one of the target nuclei for deep brain stimulation. However, most of the anatomical evidence available derives from non-human primate studies. In this review, we will present the topographical and morphological organization of the nucleus and its connections to structurally and functionally related regions of the basal ganglia circuitry. We will also highlight the importance of additional research in humans focused on validating STh connectivity, cytoarchitectural organization, and its functional subdivision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Emmi
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Glutamatergic fast-spiking parvalbumin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus: Electrophysiological properties to behavior. Physiol Behav 2020; 221:112912. [PMID: 32289319 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the central nervous system, neurons expressing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin have been typically classified as GABAergic with fast-spiking characteristics. However, new methods that allow systematic characterization of the cytoarchitectural organization, connectivity, activity patterns, neurotransmitter nature, and function of genetically-distinct cell types have revealed populations of parvalbumin-positive neurons that are glutamatergic. Remarkably, such findings challenge longstanding concepts that fast-spiking neurons are exclusively GABAergic, suggesting conservation of the fast-spiking phenotype across at least two neurotransmitter systems. This review focuses on the recent advancements that have begun to reveal the functional roles of lateral hypothalamic parvalbumin-positive neurons in regulating behaviors essential for survival.
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Gonzalez-Rodriguez P, Zampese E, Surmeier DJ. Selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 252:61-89. [PMID: 32247375 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, disabling millions worldwide. Despite the imperative PD poses, at present, there is no cure or means of slowing progression. This gap is attributable to our incomplete understanding of the factors driving pathogenesis. Research over the past several decades suggests that both cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous processes contribute to the neuronal dysfunction underlying PD symptoms. The thesis of this review is that an intersection of these processes governs the pattern of pathology in PD. Studies of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons, whose loss is responsible for the core motor symptoms of PD, suggest that they have a combination of traits-a long, highly branched axon, autonomous activity, and elevated mitochondrial oxidant stress-that predispose them to non-cell autonomous drivers of pathogenesis, like misfolded forms of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and inflammation. The literature surrounding these issues will be briefly summarized, and the translational implications of an intersectional hypothesis of PD pathogenesis discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Zampese
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Understanding Parkinson's disease and deep brain stimulation: Role of monkey models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26259-26265. [PMID: 31871164 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902300116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder affecting over 10 million people worldwide. In the 1930s and 1940s there was little understanding regarding what caused PD or how to treat it. In a desperate attempt to improve patients' lives different regions of the neuraxis were ablated. Morbidity and mortality were common, but some patients' motor signs improved with lesions involving the basal ganglia or thalamus. With the discovery of l-dopa the advent of medical therapy began and surgical approaches became less frequent. It soon became apparent, however, that medical therapy was associated with side effects in the form of drug-induced dyskinesia and motor fluctuations and surgical therapies reemerged. Fortunately, during this time studies in monkeys had begun to lay the groundwork to understand the functional organization of the basal ganglia, and with the discovery of the neurotoxin MPTP a monkey model of PD had been developed. Using this model scientists were characterizing the physiological changes that occurred in the basal ganglia in PD and models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction were proposed. This work provided the rationale for the return of pallidotomy, and subsequently deep brain stimulation procedures. In this paper we describe the evolution of these monkey studies, how they provided a greater understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the development of PD and provided the rationale for surgical procedures, the search to understand mechanisms of DBS, and how these studies have been instrumental in understanding PD and advancing the development of surgical therapies for its treatment.
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Yang Y, Wang C, Li Y, Huang J, Cai F, Xiao Y, Ma T, Zheng H. Development of Scalable 2D Plane Array for Transcranial Ultrasonic Neuromodulation on Non-Human Primates: An Ex Vivo Study. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 28:361-369. [PMID: 31841414 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2959436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic neuromodulation on large animals, like non-human primates, requires the array transducer to have a good steering ability to arbitrarily stimulate various brain locations. Moreover, due to the different sizes of the animal heads, the array is preferred to be conveniently adjustable to different aperture sizes. To meet these requirements, a scalable 2D plane array, which can consist of up to tens of 256-element square modules, has been designed and fabricated in this study. Arrays with large apertures, consisting of 12 and 48 modules (including 3072 and 12288 elements, respectively), have been assembled and tested. The square modules were driven at a center frequency of 1.04 MHz. The transcranial and steering abilities of the modules were verified in a water tank on an ex vivo macaque skull. A focused beam transmitted by single module could pass through the skull with its peak acoustic pressure reduced to 18.1% of that in the free-field, with an acceptable transverse steering range up to 10 mm. Moreover, a much smaller focal spot was obtained by simultaneous transmission using two vertical-placed modules. Compared to the single module, the focal zone axial size was reduced from 29.7 mm to 3.3 mm, and the "stripes" pattern in the focal zone caused by standing waves was eliminated using a difference-frequency transmitting strategy. Such scalable 2D plane array, which can provide a small-size focal spot and has a large steering range and an acceptable transcranial ability, can be useful in research on ultrasonic neuromodulation on non-human primates.
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Milardi D, Quartarone A, Bramanti A, Anastasi G, Bertino S, Basile GA, Buonasera P, Pilone G, Celeste G, Rizzo G, Bruschetta D, Cacciola A. The Cortico-Basal Ganglia-Cerebellar Network: Past, Present and Future Perspectives. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:61. [PMID: 31736719 PMCID: PMC6831548 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of our present understanding of the function and operation of the basal ganglia rests on models of anatomical connectivity derived from tract-tracing approaches in rodents and primates. However, the last years have been characterized by promising step forwards in the in vivo investigation and comprehension of brain connectivity in humans. The aim of this review is to revise the current knowledge on basal ganglia circuits, highlighting similarities and differences across species, in order to widen the current perspective on the intricate model of the basal ganglia system. This will allow us to explore the implications of additional direct pathways running from cortex to basal ganglia and between basal ganglia and cerebellum recently described in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrio Milardi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Bertino
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Antonio Basile
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Celeste
- I.S.A.S.I.E. Caianello, National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Bruschetta
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Adaptive delivery of continuous and delayed feedback deep brain stimulation - a computational study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10585. [PMID: 31332226 PMCID: PMC6646395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) is a closed-loop method, where high-frequency DBS is turned on and off according to a feedback signal, whereas conventional high-frequency DBS (cDBS) is delivered permanently. Using a computational model of subthalamic nucleus and external globus pallidus, we extend the concept of adaptive stimulation by adaptively controlling not only continuous, but also demand-controlled stimulation. Apart from aDBS and cDBS, we consider continuous pulsatile linear delayed feedback stimulation (cpLDF), specifically designed to induce desynchronization. Additionally, we combine adaptive on-off delivery with continuous delayed feedback modulation by introducing adaptive pulsatile linear delayed feedback stimulation (apLDF), where cpLDF is turned on and off using pre-defined amplitude thresholds. By varying the stimulation parameters of cDBS, aDBS, cpLDF, and apLDF we obtain optimal parameter ranges. We reveal a simple relation between the thresholds of the local field potential (LFP) for aDBS and apLDF, the extent of the stimulation-induced desynchronization, and the integral stimulation time required. We find that aDBS and apLDF can be more efficient in suppressing abnormal synchronization than continuous simulation. However, apLDF still remains more efficient and also causes a stronger reduction of the LFP beta burst length. Hence, adaptive on-off delivery may further improve the intrinsically demand-controlled pLDF.
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Zhang F, Iwaki S. Common Neural Network for Different Functions: An Investigation of Proactive and Reactive Inhibition. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:124. [PMID: 31231199 PMCID: PMC6568210 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful behavioral inhibition involves both proactive and reactive inhibition, allowing people to prepare for restraining actions, and cancel their actions if the response becomes inappropriate. In the present study, we utilized the stop-signal paradigm to examine whole-brain contrasts and functional connectivity for proactive and reactive inhibition. The results of our functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis show that the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the supplementary motor area (SMA), the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and the primary motor cortex (M1) were activated by both proactive and reactive inhibition. We then created 70 dynamic causal models (DCMs) representing the alternative hypotheses of modulatory effects from proactive and reactive inhibition in the IFG-SMA-STN-M1 network. Bayesian model selection (BMS) showed that causal connectivity from the IFG to the SMA was modulated by both proactive and reactive inhibition. To further investigate the possible brain circuits involved in behavioral control, including proactive inhibitory processes, we compared 13 DCMs representing the alternative hypotheses of proactive modulation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-caudate-IFG-SMA neural circuits. BMS revealed that the effective connectivity from the caudate to the IFG is modulated only in the proactive inhibition condition but not in the reactive inhibition. Together, our results demonstrate how fronto-basal ganglia pathways are commonly involved in proactive and reactive inhibitory control, with a "longer" pathway (DLPFC-caudate-IFG-SMA-STN-M1) playing a modulatory role in proactive inhibitory control, and a "shorter" pathway (IFG-SMA-STN-M1) involved in reactive inhibition. These results provide causal evidence for the roles of indirect and hyperdirect pathways in mediating proactive and reactive inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sunao Iwaki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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Shim JH, Im SJ, Kim AY, Kim YT, Kim EB, Baek HM. Generation of Mouse Basal Ganglia Diffusion Tractography Using 9.4T MRI. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:300-310. [PMID: 31138997 PMCID: PMC6526107 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.2.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, diffusion tractography has seen increasing use for comparing minute differences in connectivity of brain structures in neurodegenerative diseases and treatments. Studies on connectivity between basal ganglia has been a focal point for studying the effects of diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, as well as the effects of treatments such as deep brain stimulation. Additionally, in previous studies, diffusion tractography was utilized in disease mouse models to identify white matter alterations, as well as biomarkers that occur in the progression of disease. However, despite the extensive use of mouse models to study model diseases, the structural connectivity of the mouse basal ganglia has been inadequately explored. In this study, we present the methodology of segmenting the basal ganglia of a mouse brain, then generating diffusion tractography between the segmented basal ganglia structures. Additionally, we compare the relative levels of connectivity of connecting fibers between each basal ganglia structure, as well as visualize the shapes of each connection. We believe that our results and future studies utilizing diffusion tractography will be beneficial for properly assessing some of the connectivity changes that are found in the basal ganglia of various mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyuk Shim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Im
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - A-Yoon Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Eun Bee Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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