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Castaneda AN, Huda A, Whitaker IBM, Reilly JE, Shelby GS, Bai H, Ni L. Functional labeling of individualized postsynaptic neurons using optogenetics and trans-Tango in Drosophila (FLIPSOT). PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011190. [PMID: 38483970 PMCID: PMC10965055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A population of neurons interconnected by synapses constitutes a neural circuit, which performs specific functions upon activation. It is essential to identify both anatomical and functional entities of neural circuits to comprehend the components and processes necessary for healthy brain function and the changes that characterize brain disorders. To date, few methods are available to study these two aspects of a neural circuit simultaneously. In this study, we developed FLIPSOT, or functional labeling of individualized postsynaptic neurons using optogenetics and trans-Tango. FLIPSOT uses (1) trans-Tango to access postsynaptic neurons genetically, (2) optogenetic approaches to activate (FLIPSOTa) or inhibit (FLIPSOTi) postsynaptic neurons in a random and sparse manner, and (3) fluorescence markers tagged with optogenetic genes to visualize these neurons. Therefore, FLIPSOT allows using a presynaptic driver to identify the behavioral function of individual postsynaptic neurons. It is readily applied to identify functions of individual postsynaptic neurons and has the potential to be adapted for use in mammalian circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N. Castaneda
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ainul Huda
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Iona B. M. Whitaker
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Julianne E. Reilly
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Grace S. Shelby
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Hua Bai
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lina Ni
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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Lu S, Qian CS, Grueber WB. Mechanisms of gas sensing by internal sensory neurons in Drosophila larvae. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.576342. [PMID: 38293088 PMCID: PMC10827222 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Internal sensory neurons monitor the chemical and physical state of the body, providing critical information to the central nervous system for maintaining homeostasis and survival. A population of larval Drosophila sensory neurons, tracheal dendrite (td) neurons, elaborate dendrites along respiratory organs and may serve as a model for elucidating the cellular and molecular basis of chemosensation by internal neurons. We find that td neurons respond to decreases in O2 levels and increases in CO2 levels. We assessed the roles of atypical soluble guanylyl cyclases (Gycs) and a gustatory receptor (Gr) in mediating these responses. We found that Gyc88E/Gyc89Db were necessary for responses to hypoxia, and that Gr28b was necessary for responses to CO2. Targeted expression of Gr28b isoform c in td neurons rescued responses to CO2 in mutant larvae and also induced ectopic sensitivity to CO2 in the td network. Gas-sensitive td neurons were activated when larvae burrowed for a prolonged duration, demonstrating a natural-like feeding condition in which td neurons are activated. Together, our work identifies two gaseous stimuli that are detected by partially overlapping subsets of internal sensory neurons, and establishes roles for Gyc88E/Gyc89Db in the detection of hypoxia, and Gr28b in the detection of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, 3227 Broadway, L9-007, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Department of Biological Sciences, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, 3227 Broadway, L9-007, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Cheng Sam Qian
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, 3227 Broadway, L9-007, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Wesley B. Grueber
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, 3227 Broadway, L9-007, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, 3227 Broadway, L9-007, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Department of Neuroscience, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, 3227 Broadway, L9-007, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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Ahn JE, Amrein H. Opposing chemosensory functions of closely related gustatory receptors. eLife 2023; 12:RP89795. [PMID: 38060294 PMCID: PMC10703443 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, gustatory sensory neurons express taste receptors that are tuned to distinct groups of chemicals, thereby activating neural ensembles that elicit either feeding or avoidance behavior. Members of a family of ligand -gated receptor channels, the Gustatory receptors (Grs), play a central role in these behaviors. In general, closely related, evolutionarily conserved Gr proteins are co-expressed in the same type of taste neurons, tuned to chemically related compounds, and therefore triggering the same behavioral response. Here, we report that members of the Gr28 subfamily are expressed in largely non-overlapping sets of taste neurons in Drosophila larvae, detect chemicals of different valence, and trigger opposing feeding behaviors. We determined the intrinsic properties of Gr28 neurons by expressing the mammalian Vanilloid Receptor 1 (VR1), which is activated by capsaicin, a chemical to which wild-type Drosophila larvae do not respond. When VR1 is expressed in Gr28a neurons, larvae become attracted to capsaicin, consistent with reports showing that Gr28a itself encodes a receptor for nutritious RNA. In contrast, expression of VR1 in two pairs of Gr28b.c neurons triggers avoidance to capsaicin. Moreover, neuronal inactivation experiments show that the Gr28b.c neurons are necessary for avoidance of several bitter compounds. Lastly, behavioral experiments of Gr28 deficient larvae and live Ca2+ imaging studies of Gr28b.c neurons revealed that denatonium benzoate, a synthetic bitter compound that shares structural similarities with natural bitter chemicals, is a ligand for a receptor complex containing a Gr28b.c or Gr28b.a subunit. Thus, the Gr28 proteins, which have been evolutionarily conserved over 260 million years in insects, represent the first taste receptor subfamily in which specific members mediate behavior with opposite valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Ahn
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M UniversityBryanUnited States
| | - Hubert Amrein
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M UniversityBryanUnited States
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Ahn JE, Amrein H. Opposing chemosensory functions of closely related gustatory receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.20.545761. [PMID: 37905057 PMCID: PMC10614748 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.20.545761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Most animals have functionally distinct populations of taste cells, expressing receptors that are tuned to compounds of different valence. This organizational feature allows for discrimination between chemicals associated with specific taste modalities and facilitates differentiating between unadulterated foods and foods contaminated with toxic substances. In the fruit fly D. melanogaster , primary sensory neurons express taste receptors that are tuned to distinct groups of chemicals, thereby activating neural ensembles that elicit either feeding or avoidance behavior. Members of a family of ligand gated receptor channels, the Gustatory receptors (Grs), play a central role in these behaviors. In general, closely related, evolutionarily conserved Gr proteins are co-expressed in the same type of taste neurons, tuned to chemically related compounds, and therefore triggering the same behavioral response. Here, we report that members of the Gr28 subfamily are expressed in largely non-overlapping sets of taste neurons in Drosophila larvae, detect chemicals of different valence and trigger opposing feeding behaviors. We determined the intrinsic properties of Gr28 neurons by expressing the mammalian Vanilloid Receptor (VR1), which is activated by capsaicin, a chemical to which wildtype Drosophila larvae do not respond. When VR1 is expressed in Gr28a neurons, larvae become attracted to capsaicin, consistent with reports showing that Gr28a itself encodes a receptor for nutritious RNA. In contrast, expression of VR1 in two pairs of Gr28b.c neurons triggers avoidance to capsaicin. Moreover, neuronal inactivation experiments show that the Gr28b.c neurons are necessary for avoidance of several bitter compounds. Lastly, behavioral experiments of Gr28 deficient larvae and live Ca 2+ imaging studies of Gr28b.c neurons revealed that denatonium benzoate, a synthetic bitter compound that shares structural similarities with natural bitter chemicals, is a ligand for a receptor complex containing a Gr28b.c or Gr28b.a subunit. Thus, the Gr28 proteins, which have been evolutionarily conserved over 260 million years in insects, represent the first taste receptor subfamily in which specific members mediate behavior with opposite valence.
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Corthals K, Andersson V, Churcher A, Reimegård J, Enjin A. Genetic atlas of hygro-and thermosensory cells in the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15202. [PMID: 37709909 PMCID: PMC10502013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of animals to perceive and respond to sensory information is essential for their survival in diverse environments. While much progress has been made in understanding various sensory modalities, the sense of hygrosensation, which involves the detection and response to humidity, remains poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the hygrosensory, and closely related thermosensory, systems in the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster to unravel the molecular profile of the cells of these senses. Using a transcriptomic analysis of over 37,000 nuclei, we identified twelve distinct clusters of cells corresponding to temperature-sensing arista neurons, humidity-sensing sacculus neurons, and support cells relating to these neurons. By examining the expression of known and novel marker genes, we validated the identity of these clusters and characterized their gene expression profiles. We found that each cell type could be characterized by a unique expression profile of ion channels, GPCR signaling molecules, synaptic vesicle cycle proteins, and cell adhesion molecules. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of hygro- and thermosensation. Understanding the mechanisms underlying hygro- and thermosensation may shed light on the broader understanding of sensory systems and their adaptation to different environmental conditions in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Corthals
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vilma Andersson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Allison Churcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Reimegård
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Enjin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Zhang M, Hu Y, Liu J, Guan Z, Zhang W. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of gustatory receptor NlugGr23a causes male sterility in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124612. [PMID: 37119891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Gustatory receptors (Grs) have an essential role in chemical recognition so as to evaluate food quality. Insect Grs also participate in non-gustatory functions, such as olfaction, temperature sensing, and mating. In this study, we knocked out NlugGr23a, a putative fecundity-related Gr, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, a serious insect pest of rice. Surprisingly, homozygous NlugGr23a mutant (NlugGr23a-/-) males were sterile but their sperm were motile and morphologically normal. DAPI staining of mutant sperm inseminated eggs showed that most of NlugGr23a-/- sperm failed to fertilize eggs, even if they were capable of entering into the egg as a result of their arrested development prior to male pronucleus formation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the expression of NlugGr23a in testis. Moreover, prior mating by NlugGr23a-/- males suppressed female fertility. To our knowledge, it is the first report that a chemoreceptor is implicated in male sterility and provides a potential molecular target for genetic pest control alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yutao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhanwen Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Fujii S, Ahn JE, Jagge C, Shetty V, Janes C, Mohanty A, Slotman M, Adelman ZN, Amrein H. RNA Taste Is Conserved in Dipteran Insects. J Nutr 2023; 153:1636-1645. [PMID: 36907444 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribonucleosides and RNA are an underappreciated nutrient group essential during Drosophila larval development and growth. Detection of these nutrients requires at least one of the 6 closely related taste receptors encoded by the Gr28 genes, one of the most conserved insect taste receptor subfamilies. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether blow fly larvae and mosquito larvae, which shared the last ancestor with Drosophila about 65-260 million years ago, respectively, can taste RNA and ribose. We also tested whether the Gr28 homologous genes of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae can sense these nutrients when expressed in transgenic Drosophila larvae. METHODS Taste preference in blow flies was examined by adapting a 2-choice preference assay that has been well-established for Drosophila larvae. For the mosquito Aedes aegypti larvae, we developed a new 2-choice preference assay that accommodates the aquatic environment of these insects. Finally, we identified Gr28 homologs in these species and expressed them in Drosophila melanogaster to determine their potential function as RNA receptors. RESULTS Larvae of the blow fly Cochliomyia macellaria and Lucilia cuprina are strongly attracted to RNA (0.5 mg/mL) in the 2-choice feeding assays (P < 0.05). Similarly, the mosquito Aedes aegypti larvae showed a strong preference for RNA (2.5 mg/mL) in an aquatic 2-choice feeding assay. Moreover, when Gr28 homologs of Aedes or Anopheles mosquitoes are expressed in appetitive taste neurons of Drosophila melanogaster larvae lacking their Gr28 genes, preference for RNA (0.5 mg/mL) and ribose (0.1 M) is rescued (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The appetitive taste for RNA and ribonucleosides in insects emerged about 260 million years ago, the time mosquitoes and fruit flies diverged from their last common ancestor. Like sugar receptors, receptors for RNA have been highly conserved during insect evolution, suggesting that RNA is a critical nutrient for fast-growing insect larvae. J NUTR 2023;xx:xx-xx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Fujii
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Ji-Eun Ahn
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Christopher Jagge
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Vinaya Shetty
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christopher Janes
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Avha Mohanty
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Michel Slotman
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Zach N Adelman
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Hubert Amrein
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States.
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King BH, Gunathunga PB. Gustation in insects: taste qualities and types of evidence used to show taste function of specific body parts. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:11. [PMID: 37014302 PMCID: PMC10072106 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The insect equivalent of taste buds are gustatory sensilla, which have been found on mouthparts, pharynxes, antennae, legs, wings, and ovipositors. Most gustatory sensilla are uniporous, but not all apparently uniporous sensilla are gustatory. Among sensilla containing more than one neuron, a tubular body on one dendrite is also indicative of a taste sensillum, with the tubular body adding tactile function. But not all taste sensilla are also tactile. Additional morphological criteria are often used to recognize if a sensillum is gustatory. Further confirmation of such criteria by electrophysiological or behavioral evidence is needed. The five canonical taste qualities to which insects respond are sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami. But not all tastants that insects respond to easily fit in these taste qualities. Categories of insect tastants can be based not only on human taste perception, but also on whether the response is deterrent or appetitive and on chemical structure. Other compounds that at least some insects taste include, but are not limited to: water, fatty acids, metals, carbonation, RNA, ATP, pungent tastes as in horseradish, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and contact pheromones. We propose that, for insects, taste be defined not only as a response to nonvolatiles but also be restricted to responses that are, or are thought to be, mediated by a sensillum. This restriction is useful because some of the receptor proteins in gustatory sensilla are also found elsewhere.
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Ohhara Y, Yamanaka N. Internal sensory neurons regulate stage-specific growth in Drosophila. Development 2022; 149:dev200440. [PMID: 36227580 PMCID: PMC10496149 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Animals control their developmental schedule in accordance with internal states and external environments. In Drosophila larvae, it is well established that nutrient status is sensed by different internal organs, which in turn regulate production of insulin-like peptides and thereby control growth. In contrast, the impact of the chemosensory system on larval development remains largely unclear. Here, we performed a genetic screen to identify gustatory receptor (Gr) neurons regulating growth and development, and found that Gr28a-expressing neurons are required for proper progression of larval growth. Gr28a is expressed in a subset of peripheral internal sensory neurons, which directly extend their axons to insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in the central nervous system. Silencing of Gr28a-expressing neurons blocked insulin-like peptide release from IPCs and suppressed larval growth during the mid-larval period. These results indicate that Gr28a-expressing neurons promote larval development by directly regulating growth-promoting endocrine signaling in a stage-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ohhara
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamanaka
- Department of Entomology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Mang D, Mayu K, Toyama T, Yamagishi T, Sato R. BmGr4 responds to sucrose and glucose and expresses in tachykinin-related peptide-secreting enteroendocrine cells. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 150:103858. [PMID: 36244651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory hormones known as tachykinin-related peptides (TRPs) are identified as brain-gut peptides in insects. Dietary components from mulberry leaves, including glucose, induce secretion of TRPs from Bombyx mori midgut. However, the sensory molecules that recognize these compounds are still unknown. Here, we identified the gustatory receptor, BmGr4, as a sucrose and glucose receptor using Ca2+ imaging. Immunostaining revealed BmGr4 expression not only in the midgut, but also in the brain. In addition, BmGr4 expression was found to co-localize with TRP-expressing cells in both midgut enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and brain neurosecretory cells (NSCs). Furthermore, dietary nutrients after food intake result in an increase of TRP-level in hemolymph of silkworm larvae. These results provide significant circumstantial evidence for the involvement of the sucrose and glucose receptor, BmGr4, in the elicitation of TRP secretion in midgut EECs and brain NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingze Mang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Kasubuchi Mayu
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyama
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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Mahadevan VP, Lavista-Llanos S, Knaden M, Hansson BS. No functional contribution of the gustatory receptor, Gr64b, co-expressed in olfactory sensory neurons of Drosophila melanogaster. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.980351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensation is essential for the survival of insects. Activities like searching for food, mating, and oviposition in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster are to a great extent governed by chemical cues detected via olfaction and gustation. This chemical information is conveyed to higher brain centers via populations of diverse olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and gustatory sensory neurons (GSNs) expressing olfactory receptors (ORs) and gustatory receptors (GRs), respectively. ORs are exclusively expressed in the antenna and in the maxillary palps, while GRs are widely expressed in the labellum, tarsi, genitalia etc. Interestingly, 14 GRs were previously reported to be expressed in the antenna of D. melanogaster. However, the spatial expression pattern for all GRs and their functional role are still unclear. Recent data challenge the dogma that single OSNs express a single OR. In the present study, we studied the expression of 12 previously reported GRs among sensory structures on the fly antenna using the Gal4-UAS binary expression system. We observed antennal expression of nine out of the 12 reported. Out of these nine, consistent expression was only apparent for Gr64b, and we reconfirmed its presence in OSNs innervating three glomeruli in the antennal lobe. These glomeruli are known to be innervated by ab5A, ab5B and ab8A OSNs, respectively. Next, we generated double labeling crosses with Gr64b and observed co-expression of Gr64b with Or47a, which is expressed in the ab5B neuron. To elucidate the functional role of Gr64b co-expressed with Or47a, we challenged Or47a-expressing OSNs in wild type and Gr64b–/– mutant flies with odor stimulation using the single sensillum recording technique in two satiation states (fed and starved). Notably, we did not observe any significant odor sensitivity or specificity changes in Gr64b mutants as compared to wild type flies. Taken together, our results reveal co-expression of GRs with ORs in olfactory sensory neurons, while the functional contribution of the GR in this context remains obscure.
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Yang S, Zhang W. Systematic analysis of olfactory protein-protein interactions network of fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21882. [PMID: 35249240 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction is one of the physiological traits of insect behavior. Insects have evolved a sophisticated olfactory system and use a combined coding strategy to process general odor. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model to reveal the molecular and cellular mechanisms of odor detection. Identifying new olfactory targets through complex interactions will contribute to a better understanding of the functions, interactions, and signaling pathways of olfactory proteins. However, the mechanism of D. melanogaster olfaction is still unclear, and more olfactory proteins are required to be discovered. In this study, we tried to explore essential proteins in the olfactory system of D. melanogaster and conduct protein-protein interactions (PPIs) analysis. We constructed the PPIs network of the olfactory system of D. melanogaster, consisting of 863 proteins and 18,959 interactions. Various methods were used to perform functional enrichment analysis, topological analysis and cluster analysis. Our results confirmed that Class B scavenger receptors (SR-Bs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play an essential role in olfaction of D. melanogaster. The proteins obtained in this study can be used for subsequent functional identification in D. melanogaster olfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shengzhen, China
| | - WenJun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Gandara ACP, Drummond-Barbosa D. Warm and cold temperatures have distinct germline stem cell lineage effects during Drosophila oogenesis. Development 2022; 149:274368. [PMID: 35156684 PMCID: PMC8959152 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite their medical and economic relevance, it remains largely unknown how suboptimal temperatures affect adult insect reproduction. Here, we report an in-depth analysis of how chronic adult exposure to suboptimal temperatures affects oogenesis using the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. In adult females maintained at 18°C (cold) or 29°C (warm), relative to females at the 25°C control temperature, egg production was reduced through distinct cellular mechanisms. Chronic 18°C exposure improved germline stem cell maintenance, survival of early germline cysts and oocyte quality, but reduced follicle growth with no obvious effect on vitellogenesis. By contrast, in females at 29°C, germline stem cell numbers and follicle growth were similar to those at 25°C, while early germline cyst death and degeneration of vitellogenic follicles were markedly increased and oocyte quality plummeted over time. Finally, we also show that these effects are largely independent of diet, male factors or canonical temperature sensors. These findings are relevant not only to cold-blooded organisms, which have limited thermoregulation, but also potentially to warm-blooded organisms, which are susceptible to hypothermia, heatstroke and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caroline P Gandara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniela Drummond-Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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14
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Chen WB, Du LX, Gao XY, Sun LL, Chen LL, Xie GY, An SH, Zhao XC. Identification of Odorant-Binding and Chemosensory Protein Genes in Mythimna separata Adult Brains Using Transcriptome Analyses. Front Physiol 2022; 13:839559. [PMID: 35295575 PMCID: PMC8918689 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.839559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large numbers of chemosensory genes have been identified in the peripheral sensory organs of the pest Mythimna separata (Walker) to increase our understanding of chemoreception-related molecular mechanisms and to identify molecular targets for pest control. Chemosensory-related genes are expressed in various tissues, including non-sensory organs, and they play diverse roles. To better understand the functions of chemosensory-related genes in non-sensory organs, transcriptomic analyses of M. separata brains were performed. In total, 29 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and 16 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) putative genes were identified in the transcriptomic data set. The further examination of sex- and tissue-specific expression using RT-PCR suggested that eight OBPs (OBP5, -7, -11, -13, -16, -18, -21, and -24) and eight CSPs (CSP2–4, -8, CSP10–12, and -15) genes were expressed in the brain. Furthermore, bands representing most OBPs and CSPs could be detected in antennae, except for a few that underwent sex-biased expression in abdomens, legs, or wings. An RT-qPCR analysis of the expression profiles of six OBPs (OBP3–5, -9, -10, and -16) and two CSPs (CSP3 and CSP4) in different tissues and sexes indicated that OBP16 was highly expressed in male brain, and CSP3 and CSP4 were female-biased and highly expressed in brain. The expression levels of OBP5 and OBP10 in brain were not significantly different between the sexes. The findings expand our current understanding of the expression patterns of OBPs and CSPs in M. separata sensory and non-sensory tissues. These results provide valuable reference data for exploring novel functions of OBPs and CSPs in M. separata and may help in developing effective biological control strategies for managing this pest by exploring novel molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Chen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Xiao Du
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Gao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long-Long Sun
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gui-Ying Xie
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi-Heng An
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Cheng Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Cheng Zhao,
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15
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Drosophila melanogaster Chemosensory Pathways as Potential Targets to Curb the Insect Menace. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020142. [PMID: 35206716 PMCID: PMC8874460 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The perception and processing of chemosensory stimuli are indispensable to the survival of living organisms. In insects, olfaction and gustation play a critical role in seeking food, finding mates and avoiding signs of danger. This review aims to present updated information about olfactory and gustatory signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We have described the mechanisms involved in olfactory and gustatory perceptions at the molecular level, the receptors along with the allied molecules involved, and their signaling pathways in the fruit fly. Due to the magnifying problems of disease-causing insect vectors and crop pests, the applications of chemosensory signaling in controlling pests and insect vectors are also discussed. Abstract From a unicellular bacterium to a more complex human, smell and taste form an integral part of the basic sensory system. In fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster, the behavioral responses to odorants and tastants are simple, though quite sensitive, and robust. They explain the organization and elementary functioning of the chemosensory system. Molecular and functional analyses of the receptors and other critical molecules involved in olfaction and gustation are not yet completely understood. Hence, a better understanding of chemosensory cue-dependent fruit flies, playing a major role in deciphering the host-seeking behavior of pathogen transmitting insect vectors (mosquitoes, sandflies, ticks) and crop pests (Drosophila suzukii, Queensland fruit fly), is needed. Using D. melanogaster as a model organism, the knowledge gained may be implemented to design new means of controlling insects as well as in analyzing current batches of insect and pest repellents. In this review, the complete mechanisms of olfactory and gustatory perception, along with their implementation in controlling the global threat of disease-transmitting insect vectors and crop-damaging pests, are explained in fruit flies.
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16
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Komarov N, Sprecher SG. The chemosensory system of the Drosophila larva: an overview of current understanding. Fly (Austin) 2021; 16:1-12. [PMID: 34612150 PMCID: PMC8496535 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2021.1953364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals must sense their surroundings and be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant cues. An enticing area of research aims to uncover the mechanisms by which animals respond to chemical signals that constitute critical sensory input. In this review, we describe the principles of a model chemosensory system: the Drosophila larva. While distinct in many ways, larval behaviour is reminiscent of the dogmatic goals of life: to reach a stage of reproductive potential. It takes into account a number of distinct and identifiable parameters to ultimately provoke or modulate appropriate behavioural output. In this light, we describe current knowledge of chemosensory anatomy, genetic components, and the processing logic of chemical cues. We outline recent advancements and summarize the hypothesized neural circuits of sensory systems. Furthermore, we note yet-unanswered questions to create a basis for further investigation of molecular and systemic mechanisms of chemosensation in Drosophila and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Komarov
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Simon G Sprecher
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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17
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Olafson PU, Aksoy S, Attardo GM, Buckmeier G, Chen X, Coates CJ, Davis M, Dykema J, Emrich SJ, Friedrich M, Holmes CJ, Ioannidis P, Jansen EN, Jennings EC, Lawson D, Martinson EO, Maslen GL, Meisel RP, Murphy TD, Nayduch D, Nelson DR, Oyen KJ, Raszick TJ, Ribeiro JMC, Robertson HM, Rosendale AJ, Sackton TB, Saelao P, Swiger SL, Sze SH, Tarone AM, Taylor DB, Warren WC, Waterhouse RM, Weirauch MT, Werren JH, Wilson RK, Zdobnov EM, Benoit JB. The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control. BMC Biol 2021; 19:41. [PMID: 33750380 PMCID: PMC7944917 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product loss in the USA alone. Control of these flies has been limited to increased sanitary management practices and insecticide application for suppressing larval stages. Few genetic and molecular resources are available to help in developing novel methods for controlling stable flies. Results This study examines stable fly biology by utilizing a combination of high-quality genome sequencing and RNA-Seq analyses targeting multiple developmental stages and tissues. In conjunction, 1600 genes were manually curated to characterize genetic features related to stable fly reproduction, vector host interactions, host-microbe dynamics, and putative targets for control. Most notable was characterization of genes associated with reproduction and identification of expanded gene families with functional associations to vision, chemosensation, immunity, and metabolic detoxification pathways. Conclusions The combined sequencing, assembly, and curation of the male stable fly genome followed by RNA-Seq and downstream analyses provide insights necessary to understand the biology of this important pest. These resources and new data will provide the groundwork for expanding the tools available to control stable fly infestations. The close relationship of Stomoxys to other blood-feeding (horn flies and Glossina) and non-blood-feeding flies (house flies, medflies, Drosophila) will facilitate understanding of the evolutionary processes associated with development of blood feeding among the Cyclorrhapha. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-00975-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia U Olafson
- Livestock Arthropod Pests Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX, USA.
| | - Serap Aksoy
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Attardo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Greta Buckmeier
- Livestock Arthropod Pests Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- The Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Craig J Coates
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Megan Davis
- Livestock Arthropod Pests Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Justin Dykema
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Scott J Emrich
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Markus Friedrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christopher J Holmes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Evan N Jansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emily C Jennings
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Lawson
- The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, The European Bioinformatics Institute, The Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - Gareth L Maslen
- The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, The European Bioinformatics Institute, The Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Richard P Meisel
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Terence D Murphy
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dana Nayduch
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kennan J Oyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tyler J Raszick
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - José M C Ribeiro
- Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hugh M Robertson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Timothy B Sackton
- Informatics Group, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Perot Saelao
- Livestock Arthropod Pests Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Sonja L Swiger
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Stephenville, TX, USA
| | - Sing-Hoi Sze
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Aaron M Tarone
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David B Taylor
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Wesley C Warren
- University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John H Werren
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Evgeny M Zdobnov
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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18
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George R, Stanewsky R. Peripheral Sensory Organs Contribute to Temperature Synchronization of the Circadian Clock in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2021; 12:622545. [PMID: 33603678 PMCID: PMC7884628 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.622545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are cell-autonomous endogenous oscillators, generated and maintained by self-sustained 24-h rhythms of clock gene expression. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, these daily rhythms of gene expression regulate the activity of approximately 150 clock neurons in the fly brain, which are responsible for driving the daily rest/activity cycles of these insects. Despite their endogenous character, circadian clocks communicate with the environment in order to synchronize their self-sustained molecular oscillations and neuronal activity rhythms (internal time) with the daily changes of light and temperature dictated by the Earth's rotation around its axis (external time). Light and temperature changes are reliable time cues (Zeitgeber) used by many organisms to synchronize their circadian clock to the external time. In Drosophila, both light and temperature fluctuations robustly synchronize the circadian clock in the absence of the other Zeitgeber. The complex mechanisms for synchronization to the daily light-dark cycles are understood with impressive detail. In contrast, our knowledge about how the daily temperature fluctuations synchronize the fly clock is rather limited. Whereas light synchronization relies on peripheral and clock-cell autonomous photoreceptors, temperature input to the clock appears to rely mainly on sensory cells located in the peripheral nervous system of the fly. Recent studies suggest that sensory structures located in body and head appendages are able to detect temperature fluctuations and to signal this information to the brain clock. This review will summarize these studies and their implications about the mechanisms underlying temperature synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Stanewsky
- Institute of Neuro- and Behavioral Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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19
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Olafson PU, Saski CA. Chemosensory-Related Gene Family Members of the Horn Fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), Identified by Transcriptome Analysis. INSECTS 2020; 11:E816. [PMID: 33228086 PMCID: PMC7699325 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Horn flies are one of the most significant economic pests of cattle in the United States and worldwide. Chemical control methods have been routinely utilized to reduce populations of this pest, but the steady development of insecticide resistance has prompted evaluation of alternative control strategies. Behavior modifying compounds from natural products have shown some success in impacting horn fly populations, and a more thorough understanding of the horn fly chemosensory system would enable improvements in the development of species-specific compounds. Using an RNA-seq approach, we assembled a transcriptome representing genes expressed in adult female and male horn fly head appendages (antennae, maxillary palps, and proboscides) and adult fly bodies from which heads were removed. Differential gene expression analysis identified chemosensory gene family members that were enriched in head appendage tissues compared with headless bodies. Candidate members included 43 odorant binding proteins (OBP) and 5 chemosensory binding proteins (CSP), as well as 44 odorant receptors (OR), 27 gustatory receptors (GR), and 34 ionotropic receptors (IR). Sex-biased expression of these genes was not observed. These findings provide a resource to enable future studies targeting horn fly chemosensation as part of an integrated strategy to control this blood-feeding pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Untalan Olafson
- Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA
| | - Christopher A. Saski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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20
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Chen H, Lahey Z, Talamas EJ, Johnson NF. Identification and expression of chemosensory receptor genes in the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 37:100758. [PMID: 33202309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic wasps largely rely on chemosenses to locate resources. Understanding the evolution of their chemoreceptors can help elucidate the mechanisms underlying host adaptation and speciation. Trissolcus basalis is a biological control agent of the southern green stink bug, a pantropical pest, and is ideal for investigating the evolution of chemoreceptors. We identified 34 gustatory receptors, 170 odorant receptors, one odorant co-receptor, and 23 ionotropic receptors. Comparison with other Hymenoptera revealed species-specific expansions of 21 Grs and 53 Ors. Most of these Or expansions have 9 exons. Gender- and tissue-specific analyses showed that 5 Grs and 54 Ors are expressed only in antennae in both sexes, 66 Ors in female antennae only, and 4 Ors in male antennae alone. The identification and expression profile of chemosensory receptor genes in T. basalis helps in understanding the link between the evolution of chemoreceptors and speciation in parasitic wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
| | - Zachary Lahey
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
| | - Elijah J Talamas
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212, USA; Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, The Doyle Conner Building, 1911 SW 34th St, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA.
| | - Norman F Johnson
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212, USA; Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
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21
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Hadjieconomou D, King G, Gaspar P, Mineo A, Blackie L, Ameku T, Studd C, de Mendoza A, Diao F, White BH, Brown AEX, Plaçais PY, Préat T, Miguel-Aliaga I. Enteric neurons increase maternal food intake during reproduction. Nature 2020; 587:455-459. [PMID: 33116314 PMCID: PMC7610780 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction induces increased food intake across females of many animal species1-4, providing a physiologically relevant paradigm for the exploration of appetite regulation. Here, by examining the diversity of enteric neurons in Drosophila melanogaster, we identify a key role for gut-innervating neurons with sex- and reproductive state-specific activity in sustaining the increased food intake of mothers during reproduction. Steroid and enteroendocrine hormones functionally remodel these neurons, which leads to the release of their neuropeptide onto the muscles of the crop-a stomach-like organ-after mating. Neuropeptide release changes the dynamics of crop enlargement, resulting in increased food intake, and preventing the post-mating remodelling of enteric neurons reduces both reproductive hyperphagia and reproductive fitness. The plasticity of enteric neurons is therefore key to reproductive success. Our findings provide a mechanism to attain the positive energy balance that sustains gestation, dysregulation of which could contribute to infertility or weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni Hadjieconomou
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George King
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pedro Gaspar
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Mineo
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Blackie
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tomotsune Ameku
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Studd
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alex de Mendoza
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fengqiu Diao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin H White
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - André E X Brown
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pierre-Yves Plaçais
- Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Préat
- Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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22
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Li SS, Yan ZC, Zhao JJ, Li YX. Transcriptomic analyses of chemosensory genes in Trichogramma japonicum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 37:100755. [PMID: 33166853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insects perceive dangerous or attractive chemicals in the environment (such as the presence of predators, food or mates) through their olfaction and gustation. This leads to host searching, mate finding and other behaviors that are critical for insect survival. These vital activities are mediated by many chemosensory receptor proteins, including odorant receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs). Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is a commonly used egg parasitoid for controlling lepidopteran pests in rice fields. To reveal the roles of its olfactory and gustatory systems in biological control, we systematically analyzed major chemosensory receptor genes from T. japonicum. Through transcriptomic analyses of male and female heads, we found that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly related to chemosensory functions, and there were more chemosensory-related genes expressed in female heads than male heads, which may be related to the need for females to search for their hosts or sense male pheromone. Furthermore, we identified 66 chemosensory receptor genes, including 51 ORs, seven IRs and eight GRs, that were most closely relate to those of other hymenopteran species according to the results of both Blast best-hit and phylogenetic analyses. The tissue expression profile showed that 65 of the 66 chemosensory receptors were highly expressed in the heads, suggesting their putative roles in olfaction and gustation. In addition, the sex-specific expression patterns suggested their potential functions in host-seeking or mate sensing behaviors. This study may provide base for further understanding the olfactory and gustatory systems of T. japonicum and increasing its efficiency in pest control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Sheng Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Yan
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan-Juan Zhao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Xi Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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23
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Marin EC, Büld L, Theiss M, Sarkissian T, Roberts RJV, Turnbull R, Tamimi IFM, Pleijzier MW, Laursen WJ, Drummond N, Schlegel P, Bates AS, Li F, Landgraf M, Costa M, Bock DD, Garrity PA, Jefferis GSXE. Connectomics Analysis Reveals First-, Second-, and Third-Order Thermosensory and Hygrosensory Neurons in the Adult Drosophila Brain. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3167-3182.e4. [PMID: 32619476 PMCID: PMC7443704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Animals exhibit innate and learned preferences for temperature and humidity-conditions critical for their survival and reproduction. Leveraging a whole-brain electron microscopy volume, we studied the adult Drosophila melanogaster circuitry associated with antennal thermo- and hygrosensory neurons. We have identified two new target glomeruli in the antennal lobe, in addition to the five known ones, and the ventroposterior projection neurons (VP PNs) that relay thermo- and hygrosensory information to higher brain centers, including the mushroom body and lateral horn, seats of learned and innate behavior. We present the first connectome of a thermo- and hygrosensory neuropil, the lateral accessory calyx (lACA), by reconstructing neurons downstream of heating- and cooling-responsive VP PNs. A few mushroom body-intrinsic neurons solely receive thermosensory input from the lACA, while most receive additional olfactory and thermo- and/or hygrosensory PN inputs. Furthermore, several classes of lACA-associated neurons form a local network with outputs to other brain neuropils, suggesting that the lACA serves as a hub for thermo- and hygrosensory circuitry. For example, DN1a neurons link thermosensory PNs in the lACA to the circadian clock via the accessory medulla. Finally, we survey strongly connected downstream partners of VP PNs across the protocerebrum; these include a descending neuron targeted by dry-responsive VP PNs, meaning that just two synapses might separate hygrosensory inputs from motor circuits. These data provide a comprehensive first- and second-order layer analysis of Drosophila thermo- and hygrosensory systems and an initial survey of third-order neurons that could directly modulate behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Marin
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Laurin Büld
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Maria Theiss
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | | | | | - Robert Turnbull
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Imaan F M Tamimi
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Markus W Pleijzier
- Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Willem J Laursen
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Nik Drummond
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Philipp Schlegel
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK; Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Alexander S Bates
- Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Feng Li
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Matthias Landgraf
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Marta Costa
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Davi D Bock
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Paul A Garrity
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Gregory S X E Jefferis
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK; Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH, UK.
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Cellular Basis of Bitter-Driven Aversive Behaviors in Drosophila Larva. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0510-19.2020. [PMID: 32220859 PMCID: PMC7189479 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0510-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding, a critical behavior for survival, consists of a complex series of behavioral steps. In Drosophila larvae, the initial steps of feeding are food choice, during which the quality of a potential food source is judged, and ingestion, during which the selected food source is ingested into the digestive tract. It remains unclear whether these steps employ different mechanisms of neural perception. Here, we provide insight into the two initial steps of feeding in Drosophila larva. We find that substrate choice and ingestion are determined by independent circuits at the cellular level. First, we took 22 candidate bitter compounds and examined their influence on choice preference and ingestion behavior. Interestingly, certain bitter tastants caused different responses in choice and ingestion, suggesting distinct mechanisms of perception. We further provide evidence that certain gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) in the external terminal organ (TO) are involved in determining choice preference, and a pair of larval pharyngeal GRNs is involved in mediating both avoidance and suppression of ingestion. Our results show that feeding behavior is coordinated by a multistep regulatory process employing relatively independent neural elements. These findings are consistent with a model in which distinct sensory pathways act as modulatory circuits controlling distinct subprograms during feeding.
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Sang J, Rimal S, Lee Y. Gustatory receptor 28b is necessary for avoiding saponin in Drosophila melanogaster. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201847328. [PMID: 30622216 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins function as a natural self-defense mechanism for plants to deter various insects due to their unpleasant taste and their toxicity. Here, we provide evidence that saponin from Quillaja saponaria functions as an antifeedant as well as an insecticide to ward off insects in both the larval and the adult stages. Using a behavioral screen of 26 mutant fly lines, we show that the Gr28b gene cluster plays a role in saponin avoidance in the labellum. The Gr28b mutant does not avoid saponin and exhibits increased lethality when fed saponin-mixed food. Tissue-specific rescue experiments with five different Gr28b isoforms revealed that only the Gr28b.c isoform is required for saponin sensation. We propose that in contrast to sensing many other bitter compounds, saponin sensing does not require the function of core taste receptors, such as GR32a, GR33a, and GR66a. Our results reveal a novel role for GR28b in taste. In addition, the ability of saponin to act as insecticides as well as antifeedants suggests its potential application in controlling insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun Sang
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University BK21 PLUS project, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suman Rimal
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University BK21 PLUS project, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University BK21 PLUS project, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Kang K, Yang P, Chen LE, Pang R, Yu LJ, Zhou WW, Zhu ZR, Zhang WQ. Identification of putative fecundity-related gustatory receptor genes in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:970. [PMID: 30587129 PMCID: PMC6307266 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The insect gustatory system plays a central role in the regulation of multiple physiological behaviors and the co-evolution between insects and their hosts. The gustatory receptors (Gr) are important to allow insects to sense their environment. It is critical to the selection of foods, mates and oviposition sites of insects. In this study, the Gr family genes of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) were identified and analyzed, and their potential relationship to the fecundity of BPH was explored by RNA interference (RNAi). Results We identified 32 putative Gr genes by analyzing transcriptome and genome data from BPH. Most of these Gr proteins have the typical structure of seven transmembrane domains. The BPH Gr genes (NlGrs) were expressed in virtually all tissues and stages, whilst higher transcript accumulations were found in adult stages and in the midguts of females. Based on the phylogenic analysis, we classified NlGrs into five potential categories, including 2 sugar receptors, 2 Gr43a-like receptors, 7 CO2 receptors, 5 bitter receptors and 13 NlGrs with unknown functions. Moreover, we found that 10 NlGrs have at least two alternative splicing variants, and obtained alternative splicing isoforms of 5 NlGrs. Finally, RNAi of 29 NlGrs showed that 27 of them are related to the transcript levels of two fecundity related genes vitellogenin and vitellogenin receptor. Conclusions We found 32 Gr genes in BPH, among which at least 27 are required for normal expression of fecundity markers of this insect pest. These findings provide the basis for the functional study of Grs and the exploration of potential genes involved in the monophagous character of BPH. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5391-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Pan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-E Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
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27
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Miyazaki H, Otake J, Mitsuno H, Ozaki K, Kanzaki R, Chui-Ting Chieng A, Kah-Wei Hee A, Nishida R, Ono H. Functional characterization of olfactory receptors in the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis that respond to plant volatiles. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 101:32-46. [PMID: 30026095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is a highly destructive pest of various fruits. The reproductive and host-finding behaviors of this species are affected by several plant semiochemicals that are perceived through chemosensory receptors. However, the chemosensory mechanisms by which this perception occurs have not been fully elucidated. We conducted RNA sequencing analysis of the chemosensory organs of B. dorsalis to identify the genes coding for chemosensory receptors. We identified 60 olfactory receptors (ORs), 17 gustatory receptors and 23 ionotropic receptors-including their homologs and variants-from the transcriptome of male antennae and proboscises. We functionally analyzed ten ORs co-expressed with the obligatory co-receptor ORCO in Xenopus oocytes to identify their ligands. We tested 24 compounds including attractants for several Bactrocera species and volatiles from the host fruits of B. dorsalis. We found that BdorOR13a co-expressed with ORCO responded robustly to 1-octen-3-ol. BdorOR82a co-expressed with ORCO responded significantly to geranyl acetate, but responded weakly to farnesenes (a mixture of isomers) and linalyl acetate. These four compounds were subsequently subjected to behavioral bioassays. When each of the aforementioned compound was presented in combination with a sphere model as a visual cue to adult flies, 1-octen-3-ol, geranyl acetate, and farnesenes significantly enhanced landing behavior in mated females, but not in unmated females or males. These results suggest that the ORs characterized in the present study are involved in the perception of plant volatiles that affect host-finding behavior in B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Otake
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Mitsuno
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Ozaki
- JT Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki Osaka, 569-1125, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kanzaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | | | - Alvin Kah-Wei Hee
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ritsuo Nishida
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hajime Ono
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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28
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Kozma MT, Schmidt M, Ngo-Vu H, Sparks SD, Senatore A, Derby CD. Chemoreceptor proteins in the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus: Expression of Ionotropic Receptors, Gustatory Receptors, and TRP channels in two chemosensory organs and brain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203935. [PMID: 30240423 PMCID: PMC6150509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, has two classes of chemosensilla representing “olfaction” and “distributed chemoreception,” as is typical for decapod crustaceans. Olfactory sensilla are found exclusively on antennular lateral flagella and are innervated only by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) that project into olfactory lobes organized into glomeruli in the brain. Distributed chemoreceptor sensilla are found on all body surfaces including the antennular lateral flagella (LF) and walking leg dactyls (dactyls), and are innervated by both chemoreceptor neurons (CRNs) and mechanoreceptor neurons that project into somatotopically organized neuropils. Here, we examined expression of three classes of chemosensory genes in transcriptomes of the LF (with ORNs and CRNs), dactyls (with only CRNs), and brain of P. argus: Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), which are related to ionotropic glutamate receptors and found in all protostomes including crustaceans; Gustatory Receptors (GRs), which are ionotropic receptors that are abundantly expressed in insects but more restricted in crustaceans; and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, a diverse set of sensor-channels that include several chemosensors in diverse animals. We identified 108 IRs, one GR, and 18 homologues representing all seven subfamilies of TRP channels. The number of IRs expressed in the LF is far greater than in dactyls, possibly reflecting the contribution of receptor proteins associated with the ORNs beyond those associated with CRNs. We found co-receptor IRs (IR8a, IR25a, IR76b, IR93a) and conserved IRs (IR21a, IR40a) in addition to the numerous divergent IRs in the LF, dactyl, and brain. Immunocytochemistry showed that IR25a is expressed in ORNs, CRNs, and a specific type of cell located in the brain near the olfactory lobes. While the function of IRs, TRP channels, and the GR was not explored, our results suggest that P. argus has an abundance of diverse putative chemoreceptor proteins that it may use in chemoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihika T. Kozma
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hanh Ngo-Vu
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shea D. Sparks
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Adriano Senatore
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles D. Derby
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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29
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Miwa Y, Koganezawa M, Yamamoto D. Antennae sense heat stress to inhibit mating and promote escaping in Drosophila females. J Neurogenet 2018; 32:353-363. [PMID: 30231794 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2018.1513507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stress is a major factor that affects courtship behavior and evolutionary fitness. Although mature virgin females of Drosophila melanogaster usually accept a courting male to mate, they may not mate under stressful conditions. Above the temperature optimal for mating (20-25 °C), copulation success of D. melanogaster declines with increasing temperature although we observed vigorous courtship attempts by males, and no copulation takes place at temperatures over 36 °C. We attempted to identify the sensory pathway for detecting heat threat that drives a female to escape rather than to engage in mating that detects hot temperature and suppresses courtship behavior. We found that the artificial activation of warmth-sensitive neurons ('hot cells') in the antennal arista of females completely abrogates female copulation success even at permissive temperatures below 32 °C. Moreover, mutational loss of the GR28b.d thermoreceptor protein caused females to copulate even at 36 °C. These results indicate that antennal hot cells provide the input channel for detecting the high ambient temperature in the control of virgin female mating under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Miwa
- a Division of Neurogenetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences , Sendai , Japan.,b Neuro-Network Evolution Project , Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology , Kobe , Japan
| | - Masayuki Koganezawa
- a Division of Neurogenetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences , Sendai , Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- a Division of Neurogenetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences , Sendai , Japan.,b Neuro-Network Evolution Project , Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology , Kobe , Japan
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30
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Mishra D, Thorne N, Miyamoto C, Jagge C, Amrein H. The taste of ribonucleosides: Novel macronutrients essential for larval growth are sensed by Drosophila gustatory receptor proteins. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005570. [PMID: 30086130 PMCID: PMC6080749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals employ various types of taste receptors to identify and discriminate between different nutritious food chemicals. These macronutrients are thought to fall into 3 major groups: carbohydrates/sugars, proteins/amino acids, and fats. Here, we report that Drosophila larvae exhibit a novel appetitive feeding behavior towards ribose, ribonucleosides, and RNA. We identified members of the gustatory receptor (Gr) subfamily 28 (Gr28), expressed in both external and internal chemosensory neurons as molecular receptors necessary for cellular and appetitive behavioral responses to ribonucleosides and RNA. Specifically, behavioral preference assays show that larvae are strongly attracted to ribose- or RNA-containing agarose in a Gr28-dependent manner. Moreover, Ca2+ imaging experiments reveal that Gr28a-expressing taste neurons are activated by ribose, RNA and some ribonucleosides and that these responses can be conveyed to Gr43aGAL4 fructose-sensing neurons by expressing single members of the Gr28 gene family. Lastly, we establish a critical role in behavioral fitness for the Gr28 genes by showing that Gr28 mutant larvae exhibit low survival rates when challenged to find ribonucleosides in food. Together, our work identifies a novel taste modality dedicated to the detection of RNA and ribonucleosides, nutrients that are essential for survival during the accelerated growth phase of Drosophila larvae. Insects that undergo complete metamorphosis grow only during the larval stage of development. In many species, this period is restricted to a few days, during which larvae might increase their weight up to several hundred-fold. Drosophila melanogaster, for example, grow from a tiny first-instar larva of about 10 μg to a wandering third-instar larva weighing about 2 mg over a period of only 4.5 days. The main macronutrients known to be critical for this period of rapid growth are amino acids and sugars. In this study, we identify ribonucleosides and RNA as a new, additional type of nutrient necessary for rapid larval growth and survival. We show that larvae harbor taste neurons that express taste receptors necessary for sensing ribonucleosides and RNA. Larvae lacking these taste receptors show high mortality rates when exposed to a complex food environment that requires the location of ribonucleoside-containing food. We hypothesize that the ability to taste RNA evolved as a new taste modality in larvae of insects that go through a rapid growth period because ingestion of ribonucleosides, as opposed to de novo synthesis, provides a survival advantage during a period of extreme growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Mishra
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Natasha Thorne
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chika Miyamoto
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher Jagge
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hubert Amrein
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Robertson HM, Baits RL, Walden KK, Wada‐Katsumata A, Schal C. Enormous expansion of the chemosensory gene repertoire in the omnivorous German cockroach Blattella germanica. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2018; 330:265-278. [PMID: 29566459 PMCID: PMC6175461 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of genome sequences from a wide range of insects and other arthropods has revealed a broad positive correlation between the complexity of their chemical ecology and the size of their chemosensory gene repertoire. The German cockroach Blattella germanica is an extreme omnivore and has the largest chemosensory gene repertoire known for an arthropod, exceeding even the highly polyphagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae. While the Odorant Receptor family is not particularly large, with 123 genes potentially encoding 134 receptors (105 intact), the Gustatory Receptor family is greatly expanded to 431 genes potentially encoding 545 receptors (483 intact), the largest known for insects and second only to the spider mite. The Ionotropic Receptor family of olfactory and gustatory receptors is vastly expanded to at least 897 genes (604 intact), the largest size known in arthropods, far surpassing the 150 known from the dampwood termite Zootermopsis nevadensis. Commensurately, the Odorant Binding Protein family is expanded to the largest known for insects at 109 genes (all intact). Comparison with the far more specialized, but phylogenetically related termite, within the Dictyoptera, reveals considerable gene losses from the termite, and massive species-specific gene expansions in the cockroach. The cockroach has lost function of 11%-41% of these three chemoreceptor gene families to pseudogenization, and most of these are young events, implying rapid turnover of genes along with these major expansions, presumably in response to changes in its chemical ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh M. Robertson
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Rachel L. Baits
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Kimberly K.O. Walden
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Ayako Wada‐Katsumata
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
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32
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Miriyala A, Kessler S, Rind FC, Wright GA. Burst Firing in Bee Gustatory Neurons Prevents Adaptation. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1585-1594.e3. [PMID: 29754900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Animals detect changes in the environment using modality-specific, peripheral sensory neurons. The insect gustatory system encodes tastant identity and concentration through the independent firing of gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) that spike rapidly at stimulus onset and quickly adapt. Here, we show the first evidence that concentrated sugar evokes a temporally structured burst pattern of spiking involving two GRNs within the gustatory sensilla of bumblebees. Bursts of spikes resulted when a sucrose-activated GRN was inhibited by another GRN at a frequency of ∼22 Hz during the first 1 s of stimulation. Pharmacological blockade of gap junctions abolished bursting, indicating that bee GRNs have electrical synapses that produce a temporal pattern of spikes when one GRN is activated by a sugar ligand. Bursting permitted bee GRNs to maintain a high rate of spiking and to exhibit the slowest rate of adaptation of any insect species. Feeding bout duration correlated with coherent bursting; only sugar concentrations that produced bursting evoked the bumblebee's feeding reflex. Volume of solution imbibed was a direct function of time in contact with food. We propose that gap junctions among GRNs enable a sustained rate of GRN spiking that is necessary to drive continuous feeding by the bee proboscis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Miriyala
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Sébastien Kessler
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - F Claire Rind
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Geraldine A Wright
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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33
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Gonzalez D, Fraichard S, Grassein P, Delarue P, Senet P, Nicolaï A, Chavanne E, Mucher E, Artur Y, Ferveur JF, Heydel JM, Briand L, Neiers F. Characterization of a Drosophila glutathione transferase involved in isothiocyanate detoxification. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:33-43. [PMID: 29578047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous key enzymes that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione to xenobiotic compounds in the detoxification process. GSTs have been proposed to play a dual role in the signal termination of insect chemodetection by modifying odorant and tasting molecules and by protecting the chemosensory system. Among the 40 GSTs identified in Drosophila melanogaster, the Delta and Epsilon groups are insect-specific. GSTs Delta and Epsilon may have evolved to serve in detoxification, and have been associated with insecticide resistance. Here, we report the heterologous expression and purification of the D. melanogaster GST Delta 2 (GSTD2). We investigated the capacity of GSTD2 to bind tasting molecules. Among them, we found that isothiocyanates (ITC), insecticidal compounds naturally present in cruciferous plant and perceived as bitter, are good substrates for GSTD2. The X-ray structure of GSTD2 was solved, showing the absence of the classical Ser catalytic residue, conserved in the Delta and Epsilon GSTs. Using molecular dynamics, the interaction of ITC with the GSTD2 three-dimensional structure is analysed and discussed. These findings allow us to consider a biological role for GSTD2 in chemoperception, considering GSTD2 expression in the chemosensory organs and the potential consequences of insect exposure to ITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gonzalez
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Stéphane Fraichard
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Paul Grassein
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Delarue
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Senet
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Adrien Nicolaï
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Evelyne Chavanne
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Elodie Mucher
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Yves Artur
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Jean-François Ferveur
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Jean-Marie Heydel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Loïc Briand
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Fabrice Neiers
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France.
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Fleischer J, Pregitzer P, Breer H, Krieger J. Access to the odor world: olfactory receptors and their role for signal transduction in insects. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:485-508. [PMID: 28828501 PMCID: PMC11105692 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The sense of smell enables insects to recognize and discriminate a broad range of volatile chemicals in their environment originating from prey, host plants and conspecifics. These olfactory cues are received by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that relay information about food sources, oviposition sites and mates to the brain and thus elicit distinct odor-evoked behaviors. Research over the last decades has greatly advanced our knowledge concerning the molecular basis underlying the reception of odorous compounds and the mechanisms of signal transduction in OSNs. The emerging picture clearly indicates that OSNs of insects recognize odorants and pheromones by means of ligand-binding membrane proteins encoded by large and diverse families of receptor genes. In contrast, the mechanisms of the chemo-electrical transduction process are not fully understood; the present status suggests a contribution of ionotropic as well as metabotropic mechanisms. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on the peripheral mechanisms of odor sensing in insects focusing on olfactory receptors and their specific role in the recognition and transduction of odorant and pheromone signals by OSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Fleischer
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pablo Pregitzer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heinz Breer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Eyun SI, Soh HY, Posavi M, Munro JB, Hughes DS, Murali SC, Qu J, Dugan S, Lee SL, Chao H, Dinh H, Han Y, Doddapaneni H, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Park EO, Silva JC, Gibbs RA, Richards S, Lee CE. Evolutionary History of Chemosensory-Related Gene Families across the Arthropoda. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:1838-1862. [PMID: 28460028 PMCID: PMC5850775 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory-related gene (CRG) families have been studied extensively in insects, but their evolutionary history across the Arthropoda had remained relatively unexplored. Here, we address current hypotheses and prior conclusions on CRG family evolution using a more comprehensive data set. In particular, odorant receptors were hypothesized to have proliferated during terrestrial colonization by insects (hexapods), but their association with other pancrustacean clades and with independent terrestrial colonizations in other arthropod subphyla have been unclear. We also examine hypotheses on which arthropod CRG family is most ancient. Thus, we reconstructed phylogenies of CRGs, including those from new arthropod genomes and transcriptomes, and mapped CRG gains and losses across arthropod lineages. Our analysis was strengthened by including crustaceans, especially copepods, which reside outside the hexapod/branchiopod clade within the subphylum Pancrustacea. We generated the first high-resolution genome sequence of the copepod Eurytemora affinis and annotated its CRGs. We found odorant receptors and odorant binding proteins present only in hexapods (insects) and absent from all other arthropod lineages, indicating that they are not universal adaptations to land. Gustatory receptors likely represent the oldest chemosensory receptors among CRGs, dating back to the Placozoa. We also clarified and confirmed the evolutionary history of antennal ionotropic receptors across the Arthropoda. All antennal ionotropic receptors in E. affinis were expressed more highly in males than in females, suggestive of an association with male mate-recognition behavior. This study is the most comprehensive comparative analysis to date of CRG family evolution across the largest and most speciose metazoan phylum Arthropoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-il Eyun
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Ho Young Soh
- Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Marijan Posavi
- Center of Rapid Evolution (CORE) and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - James B. Munro
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Shwetha C. Murali
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jiaxin Qu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Shannon Dugan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sandra L. Lee
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hsu Chao
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Huyen Dinh
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yi Han
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Kim C. Worley
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Eun-Ok Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Joana C. Silva
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Stephen Richards
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Carol Eunmi Lee
- Center of Rapid Evolution (CORE) and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Rajashekar Y, Shivanandappa T. Mode of Action of the Natural Insecticide, Decaleside Involves Sodium Pump Inhibition. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170836. [PMID: 28125742 PMCID: PMC5268410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Decalesides are a new class of natural insecticides which are toxic to insects by contact via the tarsal gustatory chemosensilla. The symptoms of their toxicity to insects and the rapid knockdown effect suggest neurotoxic action, but the precise mode of action and the molecular targets for decaleside action are not known. We have presented experimental evidence for the involvement of sodium pump inhibition in the insecticidal action of decaleside in the cockroach and housefly. The knockdown effect of decaleside is concomitant with the in vivo inhibition of Na+, K+ -ATPase in the head and thorax. The lack of insecticidal action by experimental ablation of tarsi or blocking the tarsal sites with paraffin correlated with lack of inhibition of Na+- K+ ATPase in vivo. Maltotriose, a trisaccharide, partially rescued the toxic action of decaleside as well as inhibition of the enzyme, suggesting the possible involvement of gustatory sugar receptors. In vitro studies with crude insect enzyme preparation and purified porcine Na+, K+ -ATPase showed that decaleside competitively inhibited the enzyme involving the ATP binding site. Our study shows that the insecticidal action of decaleside via the tarsal gustatory sites is causally linked to the inhibition of sodium pump which represents a unique mode of action. The precise target(s) for decaleside in the tarsal chemosensilla and the pathway linked to inhibition of sodium pump and the insecticidal action remain to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yallappa Rajashekar
- Department of Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- Animal Bioresources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Thimmappa Shivanandappa
- Department of Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- Departments of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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Barish S, Li Q, Pan JW, Soeder C, Jones C, Volkan PC. Transcriptional profiling of olfactory system development identifies distal antenna as a regulator of subset of neuronal fates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40873. [PMID: 28102318 PMCID: PMC5244397 DOI: 10.1038/srep40873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila uses 50 different olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) classes that are clustered within distinct sensilla subtypes to decipher their chemical environment. Each sensilla subtype houses 1-4 ORN identities that arise through asymmetric divisions of a single sensory organ precursor (SOP). Despite a number of mutational studies investigating the regulation of ORN development, a majority of the transcriptional programs that lead to the different ORN classes in the developing olfactory system are unknown. Here we use transcriptional profiling across the time series of antennal development to identify novel transcriptional programs governing the differentiation of ORNs. We surveyed four critical developmental stages of the olfactory system: 3rd instar larval (prepatterning), 8 hours after puparium formation (APF, SOP selection), 40 hrs APF (neurogenesis), and adult antennae. We focused on the expression profiles of olfactory receptor genes and transcription factors-the two main classes of genes that regulate the sensory identity of ORNs. We identify distinct clusters of genes that have overlapping temporal expression profiles suggesting they have a key role during olfactory system development. We show that the expression of the transcription factor distal antenna (dan) is highly similar to other prepatterning factors and is required for the expression of a subset of ORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Barish
- Duke University, Department of Biology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qingyun Li
- Duke University, Department of Biology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jia W. Pan
- Duke University, Department of Biology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charlie Soeder
- University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Corbin Jones
- University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Department of Biology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pelin C. Volkan
- Duke University, Department of Biology, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
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Houot B, Gigot V, Robichon A, Ferveur JF. Free flight odor tracking in Drosophila: Effect of wing chemosensors, sex and pheromonal gene regulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40221. [PMID: 28067325 PMCID: PMC5220339 DOI: 10.1038/srep40221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of powered flight in insects had major consequences for global biodiversity and involved the acquisition of adaptive processes allowing individuals to disperse to new ecological niches. Flies use both vision and olfactory input from their antennae to guide their flight; chemosensors on fly wings have been described, but their function remains mysterious. We studied Drosophila flight in a wind tunnel. By genetically manipulating wing chemosensors, we show that these structures play an essential role in flight performance with a sex-specific effect. Pheromonal systems are also involved in Drosophila flight guidance: transgenic expression of the pheromone production and detection gene, desat1, produced low, rapid flight that was absent in control flies. Our study suggests that the sex-specific modulation of free-flight odor tracking depends on gene expression in various fly tissues including wings and pheromonal-related tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Houot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR6265 CNRS, UMR1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6, Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Vincent Gigot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR6265 CNRS, UMR1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6, Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alain Robichon
- UMR INRA/CNRS/UNS 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des Chappes, P.O. Box 167, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jean-François Ferveur
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR6265 CNRS, UMR1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6, Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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Gong J, Yuan Y, Ward A, Kang L, Zhang B, Wu Z, Peng J, Feng Z, Liu J, Xu XZS. The C. elegans Taste Receptor Homolog LITE-1 Is a Photoreceptor. Cell 2016; 167:1252-1263.e10. [PMID: 27863243 PMCID: PMC5388352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Many animal tissues/cells are photosensitive, yet only two types of photoreceptors (i.e., opsins and cryptochromes) have been discovered in metazoans. The question arises as to whether unknown types of photoreceptors exist in the animal kingdom. LITE-1, a seven-transmembrane gustatory receptor (GR) homolog, mediates UV-light-induced avoidance behavior in C. elegans. However, it is not known whether LITE-1 functions as a chemoreceptor or photoreceptor. Here, we show that LITE-1 directly absorbs both UVA and UVB light with an extinction coefficient 10-100 times that of opsins and cryptochromes, indicating that LITE-1 is highly efficient in capturing photons. Unlike typical photoreceptors employing a prosthetic chromophore to capture photons, LITE-1 strictly depends on its protein conformation for photon absorption. We have further identified two tryptophan residues critical for LITE-1 function. Interestingly, unlike GPCRs, LITE-1 adopts a reversed membrane topology. Thus, LITE-1, a taste receptor homolog, represents a distinct type of photoreceptor in the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yiyuan Yuan
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alex Ward
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lijun Kang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bi Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - X Z Shawn Xu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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40
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Glauser DA, Goodman MB. Molecules empowering animals to sense and respond to temperature in changing environments. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 41:92-98. [PMID: 27657982 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adapting behavior to thermal cues is essential for animal growth and survival. Indeed, each and every biological and biochemical process is profoundly affected by temperature and its extremes can cause irreversible damage. Hence, animals have developed thermotransduction mechanisms to detect and encode thermal information in the nervous system and acclimation mechanisms to finely tune their response over different timescales. While temperature-gated TRP channels are the best described class of temperature sensors, recent studies highlight many new candidates, including ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Here, we review recent findings in vertebrate and invertebrate models, which highlight and substantiate the role of new candidate molecular thermometers and reveal intracellular signaling mechanisms implicated in thermal acclimation at the behavioral and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam B Goodman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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41
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Hickner PV, Rivaldi CL, Johnson CM, Siddappaji M, Raster GJ, Syed Z. The making of a pest: Insights from the evolution of chemosensory receptor families in a pestiferous and invasive fly, Drosophila suzukii. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:648. [PMID: 27530109 PMCID: PMC4988008 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drosophila suzukii differs from other melanogaster group members in their proclivity for laying eggs in fresh fruit rather than in fermenting fruits. Olfaction and gustation play a critical role during insect niche formation, and these senses are largely mediated by two important receptor families: olfactory and gustatory receptors (Ors and Grs). Earlier work from our laboratory has revealed how the olfactory landscape of D. suzukii is dominated by volatiles derived from its unique niche. Signaling and reception evolve in synchrony, since the interaction of ligands and receptors together mediate the chemosensory behavior. Here, we manually annotated the Ors and Grs in D. suzukii and two close relatives, D. biarmipes and D. takahashii, and compared these repertoires to those in other melanogaster group drosophilids to identify candidate chemoreceptors associated with D. suzukii’s unusual niche utilization. Results Our comprehensive annotations of the chemosensory genomes in three species, and comparative analysis with other melanogaster group members provide insights into the evolution of chemosensation in the pestiferous D. suzukii. We annotated a total of 71 Or genes in D. suzukii, with nine of those being pseudogenes (12.7 %). Alternative splicing of two genes brings the total to 62 genes encoding 66 Ors. Duplications of Or23a and Or67a expanded D. suzukii’s Or repertoire, while pseudogenization of Or74a, Or85a, and Or98b reduced the number of functional Ors to roughly the same as other annotated species in the melanogaster group. Seventy-one intact Gr genes and three pseudogenes were annotated in D. suzukii. Alternative splicing in three genes brings the total number of Grs to 81. We identified signatures of positive selection in two Ors and three Grs at nodes leading to D. suzukii, while three copies in the largest expanded Or lineage, Or67a, also showed signs of positive selection at the external nodes. Conclusion Our analysis of D. suzukii’s chemoreceptor repertoires in the context of nine melanogaster group drosophilids, including two of its closest relatives (D. biarmipes and D. takahashii), revealed several candidate receptors associated with the adaptation of D. suzukii to its unique ecological niche. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2983-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Hickner
- Department of Biological Sciences & Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Chissa L Rivaldi
- Department of Biological Sciences & Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Cole M Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences & Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Madhura Siddappaji
- Department of Biological Sciences & Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Gregory J Raster
- Department of Biological Sciences & Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Zainulabeuddin Syed
- Department of Biological Sciences & Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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Mang D, Shu M, Tanaka S, Nagata S, Takada T, Endo H, Kikuta S, Tabunoki H, Iwabuchi K, Sato R. Expression of the fructose receptor BmGr9 and its involvement in the promotion of feeding, suggested by its co-expression with neuropeptide F1 in Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 75:58-69. [PMID: 27288056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insect gustatory receptors (Grs) are members of a large family of proteins with seven transmembrane domains that provide insects with the ability to detect chemical signals critical for feeding, mating, and oviposition. To date, 69 Bombyx mori Grs (BmGrs) genes have been identified via genome studies. BmGr9 has been shown to respond specifically to fructose and to function as a ligand-gated ion channel selectively activated by fructose. However, the sites where this Gr are expressed remain unclear. We demonstrated using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR that BmGr9 is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), as well as oral sensory organs. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-BmGr9 antiserum to show that BmGr9 is expressed in cells of the oral sensory organs, including the maxillary galea, maxillary palps, labrum, and labium, as well as in putative neurosecretory cells of the CNS. Furthermore, double immunohistochemical analysis showed that most BmGr9-expressing cells co-localized with putative neuropeptide F1-expressing cells in the brain, suggesting that BmGr9 is involved in the promotion of feeding behaviors. In addition, a portion of BmGr9-expressing cells in the brain co-localized with cells expressing BmGr6, a molecule of the sugar receptor clade, suggesting that sugars other than fructose are involved in the regulation of feeding behaviors in B. mori larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingze Mang
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Min Shu
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shiho Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takada
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Haruka Endo
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shingo Kikuta
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tabunoki
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kikuo Iwabuchi
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Choi J, van Giesen L, Choi MS, Kang K, Sprecher SG, Kwon JY. A Pair of Pharyngeal Gustatory Receptor Neurons Regulates Caffeine-Dependent Ingestion in Drosophila Larvae. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:181. [PMID: 27486388 PMCID: PMC4949222 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of taste is an essential chemosensory modality that enables animals to identify appropriate food sources and control feeding behavior. In particular, the recognition of bitter taste prevents animals from feeding on harmful substances. Feeding is a complex behavior comprised of multiple steps, and food quality is continuously assessed. We here examined the role of pharyngeal gustatory organs in ingestion behavior. As a first step, we constructed a gustatory receptor-to-neuron map of the larval pharyngeal sense organs, and examined corresponding gustatory receptor neuron (GRN) projections in the larval brain. Out of 22 candidate bitter compounds, we found 14 bitter compounds that elicit inhibition of ingestion in a dose-dependent manner. We provide evidence that certain pharyngeal GRNs are necessary and sufficient for the ingestion response of larvae to caffeine. Additionally, we show that a specific pair of pharyngeal GRNs, DP1, responds to caffeine by calcium imaging. In this study we show that a specific pair of GRNs in the pharyngeal sense organs coordinates caffeine sensing with regulation of behavioral responses such as ingestion. Our results indicate that in Drosophila larvae, the pharyngeal GRNs have a major role in sensing food palatability to regulate ingestion behavior. The pharyngeal sense organs are prime candidates to influence ingestion due to their position in the pharynx, and they may act as first level sensors of ingested food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon South Korea
| | - Lena van Giesen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Min Sung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon South Korea
| | - KyeongJin Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon South Korea
| | - Simon G Sprecher
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Jae Young Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon South Korea
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Raad H, Ferveur JF, Ledger N, Capovilla M, Robichon A. Functional Gustatory Role of Chemoreceptors in Drosophila Wings. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1442-1454. [PMID: 27160896 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroanatomical evidence argues for the presence of taste sensilla in Drosophila wings; however, the taste physiology of insect wings remains hypothetical, and a comprehensive link to mechanical functions, such as flight, wing flapping, and grooming, is lacking. Our data show that the sensilla of the Drosophila anterior wing margin respond to both sweet and bitter molecules through an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) levels. Conversely, genetically modified flies presenting a wing-specific reduction in chemosensory cells show severe defects in both wing taste signaling and the exploratory guidance associated with chemodetection. In Drosophila, the chemodetection machinery includes mechanical grooming, which facilitates the contact between tastants and wing chemoreceptors, and the vibrations of flapping wings that nebulize volatile molecules as carboxylic acids. Together, these data demonstrate that the Drosophila wing chemosensory sensilla are a functional taste organ and that they may have a role in the exploration of ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Raad
- INRA, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis. 400 route des Chappes, P.O. Box 167, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jean-François Ferveur
- UMR CNRS 6265/INRA 1324/Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Neil Ledger
- INRA, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis. 400 route des Chappes, P.O. Box 167, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Maria Capovilla
- INRA, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis. 400 route des Chappes, P.O. Box 167, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Alain Robichon
- INRA, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis. 400 route des Chappes, P.O. Box 167, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
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Crocker A, Guan XJ, Murphy CT, Murthy M. Cell-Type-Specific Transcriptome Analysis in the Drosophila Mushroom Body Reveals Memory-Related Changes in Gene Expression. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1580-1596. [PMID: 27160913 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory formation in Drosophila rely on a network of neurons in the mushroom bodies (MBs). Whereas numerous studies have delineated roles for individual cell types within this network in aspects of learning or memory, whether or not these cells can also be distinguished by the genes they express remains unresolved. In addition, the changes in gene expression that accompany long-term memory formation within the MBs have not yet been studied by neuron type. Here, we address both issues by performing RNA sequencing on single cell types (harvested via patch pipets) within the MB. We discover that the expression of genes that encode cell surface receptors is sufficient to identify cell types and that a subset of these genes, required for sensory transduction in peripheral sensory neurons, is not only expressed within individual neurons of the MB in the central brain, but is also critical for memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Crocker
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xiao-Juan Guan
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for Aging Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mala Murthy
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Derby CD, Kozma MT, Senatore A, Schmidt M. Molecular Mechanisms of Reception and Perireception in Crustacean Chemoreception: A Comparative Review. Chem Senses 2016; 41:381-98. [PMID: 27107425 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes our present knowledge of chemoreceptor proteins in crustaceans, using a comparative perspective to review these molecules in crustaceans relative to other metazoan models of chemoreception including mammals, insects, nematodes, and molluscs. Evolution has resulted in unique expansions of specific gene families and repurposing of them for chemosensation in various clades, including crustaceans. A major class of chemoreceptor proteins across crustaceans is the Ionotropic Receptors, which diversified from ionotropic glutamate receptors in ancient protostomes but which are not present in deuterostomes. Representatives of another major class of chemoreceptor proteins-the Grl/GR/OR family of ionotropic 7-transmembrane receptors-are diversified in insects but to date have been reported in only one crustacean species, Daphnia pulex So far, canonic 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors, the principal chemoreceptors in vertebrates and reported in a few protostome clades, have not been identified in crustaceans. More types of chemoreceptors are known throughout the metazoans and might well be expected to be discovered in crustaceans. Our review also provides a comparative coverage of perireceptor events in crustacean chemoreception, including molecules involved in stimulus acquisition, stimulus delivery, and stimulus removal, though much less is known about these events in crustaceans, particularly at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriano Senatore
- Present address: Biology Department, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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Mang D, Shu M, Endo H, Yoshizawa Y, Nagata S, Kikuta S, Sato R. Expression of a sugar clade gustatory receptor, BmGr6, in the oral sensory organs, midgut, and central nervous system of larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 70:85-98. [PMID: 26721200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Insects taste nonvolatile chemicals through gustatory receptors (Grs) and make choices for feeding, mating, and oviposition. To date, genome projects have identified 69 Gr genes in the silkworm, Bombyx mori; however, the expression sites of these Grs remain to be explored. In this study, we used reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to investigate expression of the B. mori Gr-6 (BmGr6) gene, a member of the putative sugar clade gene family in various tissues. BmGr6 is expressed in the midgut, central nervous system (CNS), and oral sensory organs. Moreover, immunohistochemistry using an anti-BmGr6 antiserum demonstrated that BmGr6 is expressed in cells by oral sensory organs, midgut and nervous system. Furthermore, double-immunohistochemistry indicated that BmGr6 is expressed in midgut enteroendocrine cells, also in CNS neurosecretory cells. In particular, a portion of BmGr6-expressing cells, in both midgut and CNS, secretes FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs). These results suggest that BmGr6 functions not only as a taste receptor, but also as a chemical sensor such as for the regulation of gut movement, physiological conditions, and feeding behavior of larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingze Mang
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Min Shu
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Haruka Endo
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yoshizawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shingo Kikuta
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Joseph RM, Carlson JR. Drosophila Chemoreceptors: A Molecular Interface Between the Chemical World and the Brain. Trends Genet 2015; 31:683-695. [PMID: 26477743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemoreception is essential for survival. Feeding, mating, and avoidance of predators depend on detection of sensory cues. Drosophila contains diverse families of chemoreceptors that detect odors, tastants, pheromones, and noxious stimuli, including receptors of the odor receptor (Or), gustatory receptor (Gr), ionotropic receptor (IR), Pickpocket (Ppk), and Trp families. We consider recent progress in understanding chemoreception in the fly, including the identification of new receptors, the discovery of novel biological functions for receptors, and the localization of receptors in unexpected places. We discuss major unsolved problems and suggest areas that may be particularly ripe for future discoveries, including the roles of these receptors in driving the circuits and behaviors that are essential to the survival and reproduction of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Joseph
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - John R Carlson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.
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Apostolopoulou AA, Rist A, Thum AS. Taste processing in Drosophila larvae. Front Integr Neurosci 2015; 9:50. [PMID: 26528147 PMCID: PMC4602287 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The sense of taste allows animals to detect chemical substances in their environment to initiate appropriate behaviors: to find food or a mate, to avoid hostile environments and predators. Drosophila larvae are a promising model organism to study gustation. Their simple nervous system triggers stereotypic behavioral responses, and the coding of taste can be studied by genetic tools at the single cell level. This review briefly summarizes recent progress on how taste information is sensed and processed by larval cephalic and pharyngeal sense organs. The focus lies on several studies, which revealed cellular and molecular mechanisms required to process sugar, salt, and bitter substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Rist
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas S Thum
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany ; Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany
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50
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Abstract
A recent study has found that a Drosophila gustatory receptor is required for thermotaxis. With other fly gustatory receptors having been shown to act in the detection of CO2, nutrients in the brain, and light, the roles of the so-called 'gustatory receptors' clearly go way beyond peripheral detection of non-volatile chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Montell
- Neuroscience Research Institute and the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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