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Allain F, Carter M, Dumas S, Darcq E, Kieffer BL. The mu opioid receptor and the orphan receptor GPR151 contribute to social reward in the habenula. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20234. [PMID: 36424418 PMCID: PMC9691715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mu opioid receptor (MOR) and the orphan GPR151 receptor are inhibitory G protein coupled receptors that are enriched in the habenula, a small brain region involved in aversion processing, addiction and mood disorders. While MOR expression in the brain is widespread, GPR151 expression is restricted to the habenula. In a previous report, we created conditional ChrnB4-Cre × Oprm1fl/fl (so-called B4MOR) mice, where MORs are deleted specifically in Chrnb4-positive neurons restricted to the habenula, and shown a role for these receptors in naloxone aversion. Here we characterized the implication of habenular MORs in social behaviors. B4MOR-/- mice and B4MOR+/+ mice were compared in several social behavior measures, including the chronic social stress defeat (CSDS) paradigm, the social preference (SP) test and social conditioned place preference (sCPP). In the CSDS, B4MOR-/- mice showed lower preference for the social target (unfamiliar mouse of a different strain) at baseline, providing a first indication of deficient social interactions in mice lacking habenular MORs. In the SP test, B4MOR-/- mice further showed reduced sociability for an unfamiliar conspecific mouse. In the sCPP, B4MOR-/- mice also showed impaired place preference for their previous familiar littermates after social isolation. We next created and tested Gpr151-/- mice in the SP test, and also found reduced social preference compared to Gpr151+/+ mice. Altogether our results support the underexplored notion that the habenula regulates social behaviors. Also, our data suggest that the inhibitory habenular MOR and GPR151 receptors normally promote social reward, possibly by dampening the aversive habenula activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Allain
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- INSERM U1114, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, CS60026, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Michelle Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- INSERM U1114, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, CS60026, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- INSERM U1114, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, CS60026, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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2
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A diencephalic circuit in rats for opioid analgesia but not positive reinforcement. Nat Commun 2022; 13:764. [PMID: 35140231 PMCID: PMC8828762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists are potent analgesics, but also cause sedation, respiratory depression, and addiction risk. The epithalamic lateral habenula (LHb) signals aversive states including pain, and here we found that it is a potent site for MOR-agonist analgesia-like responses in rats. Importantly, LHb MOR activation is not reinforcing in the absence of noxious input. The LHb receives excitatory inputs from multiple sites including the ventral tegmental area, lateral hypothalamus, entopeduncular nucleus, and the lateral preoptic area of the hypothalamus (LPO). Here we report that LHb-projecting glutamatergic LPO neurons are excited by noxious stimulation and are preferentially inhibited by MOR selective agonists. Critically, optogenetic stimulation of LHb-projecting LPO neurons produces an aversive state that is relieved by LHb MOR activation, and optogenetic inhibition of LHb-projecting LPO neurons relieves the aversiveness of ongoing pain. Opioids are potent analgesics but also have addiction risk. Here a lateral preoptic area to lateral habenula connection is identified by which opioids relieve ongoing pain but do not produce reward in animals that do not have ongoing pain.
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3
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Wills L, Ables JL, Braunscheidel KM, Caligiuri SPB, Elayouby KS, Fillinger C, Ishikawa M, Moen JK, Kenny PJ. Neurobiological Mechanisms of Nicotine Reward and Aversion. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:271-310. [PMID: 35017179 PMCID: PMC11060337 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) regulate the rewarding actions of nicotine contained in tobacco that establish and maintain the smoking habit. nAChRs also regulate the aversive properties of nicotine, sensitivity to which decreases tobacco use and protects against tobacco use disorder. These opposing behavioral actions of nicotine reflect nAChR expression in brain reward and aversion circuits. nAChRs containing α4 and β2 subunits are responsible for the high-affinity nicotine binding sites in the brain and are densely expressed by reward-relevant neurons, most notably dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. High-affinity nAChRs can incorporate additional subunits, including β3, α6, or α5 subunits, with the resulting nAChR subtypes playing discrete and dissociable roles in the stimulatory actions of nicotine on brain dopamine transmission. nAChRs in brain dopamine circuits also participate in aversive reactions to nicotine and the negative affective state experienced during nicotine withdrawal. nAChRs containing α3 and β4 subunits are responsible for the low-affinity nicotine binding sites in the brain and are enriched in brain sites involved in aversion, including the medial habenula, interpeduncular nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract, brain sites in which α5 nAChR subunits are also expressed. These aversion-related brain sites regulate nicotine avoidance behaviors, and genetic variation that modifies the function of nAChRs in these sites increases vulnerability to tobacco dependence and smoking-related diseases. Here, we review the molecular, cellular, and circuit-level mechanisms through which nicotine elicits reward and aversion and the adaptations in these processes that drive the development of nicotine dependence. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Tobacco use disorder in the form of habitual cigarette smoking or regular use of other tobacco-related products is a major cause of death and disease worldwide. This article reviews the actions of nicotine in the brain that contribute to tobacco use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wills
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Jessica L Ables
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Kevin M Braunscheidel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Karim S Elayouby
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Clementine Fillinger
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Masago Ishikawa
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Janna K Moen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York
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4
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Mantas I, Saarinen M, Xu ZQD, Svenningsson P. Update on GPCR-based targets for the development of novel antidepressants. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:534-558. [PMID: 33589739 PMCID: PMC8960420 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Traditional antidepressants largely interfere with monoaminergic transport or degradation systems, taking several weeks to have their therapeutic actions. Moreover, a large proportion of depressed patients are resistant to these therapies. Several atypical antidepressants have been developed which interact with G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) instead, as direct targeting of receptors may achieve more efficacious and faster antidepressant actions. The focus of this review is to provide an update on how distinct GPCRs mediate antidepressant actions and discuss recent insights into how GPCRs regulate the pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We also discuss the therapeutic potential of novel GPCR targets, which are appealing due to their ligand selectivity, expression pattern, or pharmacological profiles. Finally, we highlight recent advances in understanding GPCR pharmacology and structure, and how they may provide new avenues for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mantas
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Saarinen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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5
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Wright GEB, Caron NS, Ng B, Casal L, Casazza W, Xu X, Ooi J, Pouladi MA, Mostafavi S, Ross CJD, Hayden MR. Gene expression profiles complement the analysis of genomic modifiers of the clinical onset of Huntington disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2788-2802. [PMID: 32898862 PMCID: PMC7530525 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in HTT. The length of this repeat, however, only explains a proportion of the variability in age of onset in patients. Genome-wide association studies have identified modifiers that contribute toward a proportion of the observed variance. By incorporating tissue-specific transcriptomic information with these results, additional modifiers can be identified. We performed a transcriptome-wide association study assessing heritable differences in genetically determined expression in diverse tissues, with genome-wide data from over 4000 patients. Functional validation of prioritized genes was undertaken in isogenic HD stem cells and patient brains. Enrichment analyses were performed with biologically relevant gene sets to identify the core pathways. HD-associated gene coexpression modules were assessed for associations with neurological phenotypes in an independent cohort and to guide drug repurposing analyses. Transcriptomic analyses identified genes that were associated with age of HD onset and displayed colocalization with gene expression signals in brain tissue (FAN1, GPR161, PMS2, SUMF2), with supporting evidence from functional experiments. This included genes involved in DNA repair, as well as novel-candidate modifier genes that have been associated with other neurological conditions. Further, cortical coexpression modules were also associated with cognitive decline and HD-related traits in a longitudinal cohort. In summary, the combination of population-scale gene expression information with HD patient genomic data identified novel modifier genes for the disorder. Further, these analyses expanded the pathways potentially involved in modifying HD onset and prioritized candidate therapeutics for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen E B Wright
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Nicholas S Caron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Bernard Ng
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Casal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - William Casazza
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Jolene Ooi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Sara Mostafavi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Colin J D Ross
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
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6
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Xia LP, Luo H, Ma Q, Xie YK, Li W, Hu H, Xu ZZ. GPR151 in nociceptors modulates neuropathic pain via regulating P2X3 function and microglial activation. Brain 2021; 144:3405-3420. [PMID: 34244727 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a major health problem that affects up to 7-10% of the population worldwide. Currently, neuropathic pain is difficult to treat due to its elusive mechanisms. Here we report that orphan G protein-coupled receptor 151 (GPR151) in nociceptive sensory neurons controls neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury. GPR151 was mainly expressed in nonpeptidergic C-fiber dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and highly upregulated after nerve injury. Importantly, conditional knockout of Gpr151 in adult nociceptive sensory neurons significantly alleviated chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain-like behavior but did not affect basal nociception. Moreover, GPR151 in DRG neurons was required for CCI-induced neuronal hyperexcitability and upregulation of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), which is necessary for microglial activation in the spinal cord after nerve injury. Mechanistically, GPR151 coupled with P2X3 ion channels and promoted their functional activities in neuropathic pain-like hypersensitivity. Knockout of Gpr151 suppressed P2X3-mediated calcium elevation and spontaneous pain behavior in CCI mice. Conversely, overexpression of Gpr151 significantly enhanced P2X3-mediated calcium elevation and DRG neuronal excitability. Furthermore, knockdown of P2X3 in DRGs reversed CCI-induced CSF1 upregulation, spinal microglial activation, and neuropathic pain-like behavior. Finally, the co-expression of GPR151 and P2X3 was confirmed in small-diameter human DRG neurons, indicating the clinical relevance of our findings. Together, our results suggest that GPR151 in nociceptive DRG neurons plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and could be a potential target for treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Xia
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ya-Kai Xie
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hailan Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Anesthesiology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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7
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G protein-coupled receptor GPR151 is involved in trigeminal neuropathic pain through the induction of Gβγ/extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated neuroinflammation in the trigeminal ganglion. Pain 2021; 162:1434-1448. [PMID: 33239523 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Trigeminal nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic orofacial pain syndrome but lacks effective treatment. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), especially orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs) are important therapeutic targets in pain medicine. Here, we screened upregulated oGPCRs in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) after partial infraorbital nerve transection (pIONT) and found that Gpr151 was the most significantly upregulated oGPCRs. Gpr151 mRNA was increased from pIONT day 3 and maintained for more than 21 days. Furthermore, GPR151 was expressed in the neurons of the TG after pIONT. Global mutation or knockdown of Gpr151 in the TG attenuated pIONT-induced mechanical allodynia. In addition, the excitability of TG neurons was increased after pIONT in wild-type (WT) mice, but not in Gpr151-/- mice. Notably, GPR151 bound to Gαi protein, but not Gαq, Gα12, or Gα13, and activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) through Gβγ. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase was also activated by pIONT in the TG of WT mice, but not in Gpr151-/- mice. Gene microarray showed that Gpr151 mutation reduced the expression of a large number of neuroinflammation-related genes that were upregulated in WT mice after pIONT, including chemokines CCL5, CCL7, CXCL9, and CXCL10. The mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor (PD98059) attenuated mechanical allodynia and reduced the upregulation of these chemokines after pIONT. Collectively, this study not only revealed the involvement of GPR151 in the maintenance of trigeminal neuropathic pain but also identified GPR151 as a Gαi-coupled receptor to induce ERK-dependent neuroinflammation. Thus, GPR151 may be a potential drug target for the treatment of trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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8
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Cassel JC, Pereira de Vasconcelos A. Routes of the thalamus through the history of neuroanatomy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:442-465. [PMID: 33676963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The most distant roots of neuroanatomy trace back to antiquity, with the first human dissections, but no document which would identify the thalamus as a brain structure has reached us. Claudius Galenus (Galen) gave to the thalamus the name 'thalamus nervorum opticorum', but later on, other names were used (e.g., anchae, or buttocks-like). In 1543, Andreas Vesalius provided the first quality illustrations of the thalamus. During the 19th century, tissue staining techniques and ablative studies contributed to the breakdown of the thalamus into subregions and nuclei. The next step was taken using radiomarkers to identify connections in the absence of lesions. Anterograde and retrograde tracing methods arose in the late 1960s, supporting extension, revision, or confirmation of previously established knowledge. The use of the first viral tracers introduced a new methodological breakthrough in the mid-1970s. Another important step was supported by advances in neuroimaging of the thalamus in the 21th century. The current review follows the history of the thalamus through these technical revolutions from Antiquity to the present day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Cassel
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; LNCA, UMR 7364 - CNRS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Anne Pereira de Vasconcelos
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; LNCA, UMR 7364 - CNRS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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9
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Lanciego JL, Wouterlood FG. Neuroanatomical tract-tracing techniques that did go viral. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1193-1224. [PMID: 32062721 PMCID: PMC7271020 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroanatomical tracing methods remain fundamental for elucidating the complexity of brain circuits. During the past decades, the technical arsenal at our disposal has been greatly enriched, with a steady supply of fresh arrivals. This paper provides a landscape view of classical and modern tools for tract-tracing purposes. Focus is placed on methods that have gone viral, i.e., became most widespread used and fully reliable. To keep an historical perspective, we start by reviewing one-dimensional, standalone transport-tracing tools; these including today's two most favorite anterograde neuroanatomical tracers such as Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin and biotinylated dextran amine. Next, emphasis is placed on several classical tools widely used for retrograde neuroanatomical tracing purposes, where Fluoro-Gold in our opinion represents the best example. Furthermore, it is worth noting that multi-dimensional paradigms can be designed by combining different tracers or by applying a given tracer together with detecting one or more neurochemical substances, as illustrated here with several examples. Finally, it is without any doubt that we are currently witnessing the unstoppable and spectacular rise of modern molecular-genetic techniques based on the use of modified viruses as delivery vehicles for genetic material, therefore, pushing the tract-tracing field forward into a new era. In summary, here, we aim to provide neuroscientists with the advice and background required when facing a choice on which neuroanatomical tracer-or combination thereof-might be best suited for addressing a given experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Lanciego
- Neurosciences Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pio XII Avenue 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Floris G Wouterlood
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Hu H, Cui Y, Yang Y. Circuits and functions of the lateral habenula in health and in disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:277-295. [PMID: 32269316 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed exponentially growing interest in the lateral habenula (LHb) owing to new discoveries relating to its critical role in regulating negatively motivated behaviour and its implication in major depression. The LHb, sometimes referred to as the brain's 'antireward centre', receives inputs from diverse limbic forebrain and basal ganglia structures, and targets essentially all midbrain neuromodulatory systems, including the noradrenergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. Its unique anatomical position enables the LHb to act as a hub that integrates value-based, sensory and experience-dependent information to regulate various motivational, cognitive and motor processes. Dysfunction of the LHb may contribute to the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders, especially major depression. Recently, exciting progress has been made in identifying the molecular and cellular mechanisms in the LHb that underlie negative emotional state in animal models of drug withdrawal and major depression. A future challenge is to translate these advances into effective clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Hu
- Department of Psychiatry of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China. .,Fountain-Valley Institute for Life Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yihui Cui
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Wallace ML, Huang KW, Hochbaum D, Hyun M, Radeljic G, Sabatini BL. Anatomical and single-cell transcriptional profiling of the murine habenular complex. eLife 2020; 9:e51271. [PMID: 32043968 PMCID: PMC7012610 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) is an epithalamic brain structure critical for processing and adapting to negative action outcomes. However, despite the importance of LHb to behavior and the clear anatomical and molecular diversity of LHb neurons, the neuron types of the habenula remain unknown. Here, we use high-throughput single-cell transcriptional profiling, monosynaptic retrograde tracing, and multiplexed FISH to characterize the cells of the mouse habenula. We find five subtypes of neurons in the medial habenula (MHb) that are organized into anatomical subregions. In the LHb, we describe four neuronal subtypes and show that they differentially target dopaminergic and GABAergic cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). These data provide a valuable resource for future study of habenular function and dysfunction and demonstrate neuronal subtype specificity in the LHb-VTA circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Wallace
- Department of NeurobiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Kee Wui Huang
- Department of NeurobiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Daniel Hochbaum
- Department of NeurobiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Minsuk Hyun
- Department of NeurobiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Gianna Radeljic
- Department of NeurobiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Department of NeurobiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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The blockade of oxytocin receptors in the paraventricular thalamus reduces maternal crouching behavior over pups in lactating mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 720:134761. [PMID: 31952987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) systems contribute to the elicitation of stereotypic maternal behaviors. OT peptide-expressing neurons are predominantly localized in the hypothalamus, whereas OT receptor (OTR)-expressing neurons are widely distributed throughout the brain. Among those OTR-expressing regions, the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) consists of heterogeneous neuropeptide-responsive neurons critical for appetitive motivation, food intake control, and social behaviors; however, the precise distribution of OTR-expressing neurons within the PVT and whether these neurons are involved in maternal behaviors in mice are unknown. The distribution of OTR-expressing neurons was examined in an OTR-Venus transgenic line expressing a fluorescent protein controlled by the OTR promoter. The number of Venus expressing neurons was higher in the posterior PVT (pPVT) than in the anterior PVT (aPVT). When OTR-Venus dams were exposed to pups, the number of double-labelled neurons expressing both OTR-Venus and a marker of neuronal activity (c-Fos) was increased in the pPVT compared to non-exposed dams, while the aPVT remained unchanged. To investigate whether OT signaling in the pPVT is essential for maternal behaviors, an OT antagonist (OTA) was transiently or chronically infused into the pPVT of lactating dams during the postpartum period. Although the transient OTR blockade did not affect maternal behaviors, a chronic OTR blockade specifically reduced the duration of crouching behavior over pups. Taken together, these findings suggest that OTR-expressing neurons in the pPVT are involved in maternal crouching behavior.
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Mashiko M, Kurosawa A, Tani Y, Tsuji T, Takeda S. GPR31 and GPR151 are activated under acidic conditions. J Biochem 2019; 166:317-322. [PMID: 31119277 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that not only proton-sensing channels, but also one family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprising OGR1, GPR4, G2A and TDAG8 are responsible for the sensing of extracellular protons, or pH. Here, we report that two other GPCRs, GPR31 and GPR151, were also activated in acidic condition. Elevated pH of assay mixtures resulted in a remarkable increase in [35S]GTPγS binding by GPR31-Giα and GPR151-Giα fusion proteins in a narrow range between pH 6 and 5. Our reporter gene assays with CHO cells expressing recombinant GPR31 or GPR151 also showed that activation was maximal at pH ∼5.8. Although these results from in vitro and cellular assays revealed slightly different pH sensitivities, all of our results indicated that GPR31 and GPR151 sensed extracellular protons equally well as other proton-sensing GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Mashiko
- Division of Molecular Science, Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Aya Kurosawa
- Division of Molecular Science, Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuki Tani
- Division of Molecular Science, Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- Division of Molecular Science, Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shigeki Takeda
- Division of Molecular Science, Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
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Components of genetic associations across 2,138 phenotypes in the UK Biobank highlight adipocyte biology. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4064. [PMID: 31492854 PMCID: PMC6731283 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Population-based biobanks with genomic and dense phenotype data provide opportunities for generating effective therapeutic hypotheses and understanding the genomic role in disease predisposition. To characterize latent components of genetic associations, we apply truncated singular value decomposition (DeGAs) to matrices of summary statistics derived from genome-wide association analyses across 2,138 phenotypes measured in 337,199 White British individuals in the UK Biobank study. We systematically identify key components of genetic associations and the contributions of variants, genes, and phenotypes to each component. As an illustration of the utility of the approach to inform downstream experiments, we report putative loss of function variants, rs114285050 (GPR151) and rs150090666 (PDE3B), that substantially contribute to obesity-related traits and experimentally demonstrate the role of these genes in adipocyte biology. Our approach to dissect components of genetic associations across the human phenome will accelerate biomedical hypothesis generation by providing insights on previously unexplored latent structures.
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Demethylation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 151 Promoter Facilitates the Binding of Krüppel-Like Factor 5 and Enhances Neuropathic Pain after Nerve Injury in Mice. J Neurosci 2018; 38:10535-10551. [PMID: 30373770 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0702-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors are considered to be cell-surface sensors of extracellular signals, thereby having a crucial role in signal transduction and being the most fruitful targets for drug discovery. G-protein-coupled receptor 151 (GPR151) was reported to be expressed specifically in the habenular area. Here we report the expression and the epigenetic regulation of GRP151 in the spinal cord after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and the contribution of GPR151 to neuropathic pain in male mice. SNL dramatically increased GPR151 expression in spinal neurons. GPR151 mutation or spinal inhibition by shRNA alleviated SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. Interestingly, the CpG island in the GPR151 gene promoter region was demethylated, the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) was decreased, and the binding of DNMT3b with GPR151 promoter was reduced after SNL. Overexpression of DNMT3b in the spinal cord decreased GPR151 expression and attenuated SNL-induced neuropathic pain. Furthermore, Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a transcriptional factor of the KLF family, was upregulated in spinal neurons, and the binding affinity of KLF5 with GPR151 promoter was increased after SNL. Inhibition of KLF5 reduced GPR151 expression and attenuated SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity. Further mRNA microarray analysis revealed that mutation of GPR151 reduced the expression of a variety of pain-related genes in response to SNL, especially mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-associated genes. This study reveals that GPR151, increased by DNA demethylation and the enhanced interaction with KLF5, contributes to the maintenance of neuropathic pain via increasing MAPK pathway-related gene expression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets of various clinically approved drugs. Here we report that SNL increased GPR151 expression in the spinal cord, and mutation or inhibition of GPR151 alleviated SNL-induced neuropathic pain. In addition, SNL downregulated the expression of DNMT3b, which caused demethylation of GPR151 gene promoter, facilitated the binding of transcriptional factor KLF5 with the GPR151 promoter, and further increased GPR151 expression in spinal neurons. The increased GPR151 may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain via activating MAPK signaling and increasing pain-related gene expression. Our study reveals an epigenetic mechanism underlying GPR151 expression and suggests that targeting GPR151 may offer a new strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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da Fonseca NJ, Afonso MQL, de Oliveira LC, Bleicher L. A new method bridging graph theory and residue co-evolutionary networks for specificity determinant positions detection. Bioinformatics 2018; 35:1478-1485. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Néli José da Fonseca
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte – MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Querino Lima Afonso
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte – MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Carrijo de Oliveira
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte – MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bleicher
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte – MG, Brazil
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17
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Expression map of 78 brain-expressed mouse orphan GPCRs provides a translational resource for neuropsychiatric research. Commun Biol 2018; 1:102. [PMID: 30271982 PMCID: PMC6123746 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (oGPCRs) possess untapped potential for drug discovery. In the brain, oGPCRs are generally expressed at low abundance and their function is understudied. Expression profiling is an essential step to position oGPCRs in brain function and disease, however public databases provide only partial information. Here, we fine-map expression of 78 brain-oGPCRs in the mouse, using customized probes in both standard and supersensitive in situ hybridization. Images are available at http://ogpcr-neuromap.douglas.qc.ca. This searchable database contains over 8000 coronal brain sections across 1350 slides, providing the first public mapping resource dedicated to oGPCRs. Analysis with public mouse (60 oGPCRs) and human (56 oGPCRs) genome-wide datasets identifies 25 oGPCRs with potential to address emotional and/or cognitive dimensions of psychiatric conditions. We probe their expression in postmortem human brains using nanoString, and included data in the resource. Correlating human with mouse datasets reveals excellent suitability of mouse models for oGPCRs in neuropsychiatric research. Aliza Ehrlich et al. report the fine-mapping of orphan GPCR (oGPCR) transcripts in the mouse brain using in situ hybridization and provide a public resource for data mining. The authors also mapped 25 selected oGPCRs in human brains, identifying oGPCRs with high correlation between species and potential roles in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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18
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Emdin CA, Khera AV, Chaffin M, Klarin D, Natarajan P, Aragam K, Haas M, Bick A, Zekavat SM, Nomura A, Ardissino D, Wilson JG, Schunkert H, McPherson R, Watkins H, Elosua R, Bown MJ, Samani NJ, Baber U, Erdmann J, Gupta N, Danesh J, Chasman D, Ridker P, Denny J, Bastarache L, Lichtman JH, D'Onofrio G, Mattera J, Spertus JA, Sheu WHH, Taylor KD, Psaty BM, Rich SS, Post W, Rotter JI, Chen YDI, Krumholz H, Saleheen D, Gabriel S, Kathiresan S. Analysis of predicted loss-of-function variants in UK Biobank identifies variants protective for disease. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1613. [PMID: 29691411 PMCID: PMC5915445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Less than 3% of protein-coding genetic variants are predicted to result in loss of protein function through the introduction of a stop codon, frameshift, or the disruption of an essential splice site; however, such predicted loss-of-function (pLOF) variants provide insight into effector transcript and direction of biological effect. In >400,000 UK Biobank participants, we conduct association analyses of 3759 pLOF variants with six metabolic traits, six cardiometabolic diseases, and twelve additional diseases. We identified 18 new low-frequency or rare (allele frequency < 5%) pLOF variant-phenotype associations. pLOF variants in the gene GPR151 protect against obesity and type 2 diabetes, in the gene IL33 against asthma and allergic disease, and in the gene IFIH1 against hypothyroidism. In the gene PDE3B, pLOF variants associate with elevated height, improved body fat distribution and protection from coronary artery disease. Our findings prioritize genes for which pharmacologic mimics of pLOF variants may lower risk for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor A Emdin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Amit V Khera
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Mark Chaffin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Krishna Aragam
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Mary Haas
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Alexander Bick
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Seyedeh M Zekavat
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale Medical School, Yale University, New Haven, MA, 06510, USA
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Diego Ardissino
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, 43121, Italy
- Associazione per lo Studio Della Trombosi in Cardiologia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, München, 80333, Germany
| | - Ruth McPherson
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Barcelona, 28029, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Central de Cataluña, Barcelona, VIC, 08500, Spain
| | - Matthew J Bown
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Usman Baber
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Namrata Gupta
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - John Danesh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Blood and Transplant; Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Daniel Chasman
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Paul Ridker
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Joshua Denny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Lisa Bastarache
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Judith H Lichtman
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Gail D'Onofrio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jennifer Mattera
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John A Spertus
- Department of Biomedical & Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and the Health Informatics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Wayne H-H Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 98101, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Wendy Post
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Harlan Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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Effect of developmental NMDAR antagonism with CGP 39551 on aspartame-induced hypothalamic and adrenal gene expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194416. [PMID: 29561882 PMCID: PMC5862471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Aspartame (L-aspartyl phenylalanine methyl ester) is a non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) approved for use in more than 6000 dietary products and pharmaceuticals consumed by the general public including adults and children, pregnant and nursing mothers. However a recent prospective study reported a doubling of the risk of being overweight amongst 1-year old children whose mothers consumed NNS-sweetened beverages daily during pregnancy. We have previously shown that chronic aspartame (ASP) exposure commencing in utero may detrimentally affect adulthood adiposity status, glucose metabolism and aspects of behavior and spatial cognition, and that this can be modulated by developmental N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) blockade with the competitive antagonist CGP 39551 (CGP). Since glucose homeostasis and certain aspects of behavior and locomotion are regulated in part by the NMDAR-rich hypothalamus, which is part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal- (HPA) axis, we have elected to examine changes in hypothalamic and adrenal gene expression in response to ASP exposure in the presence or absence of developmental NMDAR antagonism with CGP, using Affymetrix microarray analysis. Results Using 2-factor ANOVA we identified 189 ASP-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the adult male hypothalamus and 2188 in the adrenals, and a further 23 hypothalamic and 232 adrenal genes significantly regulated by developmental treatment with CGP alone. ASP exposure robustly elevated the expression of a network of genes involved in hypothalamic neurosteroidogenesis, together with cell stress and inflammatory genes, consistent with previous reports of aspartame-induced CNS stress and oxidative damage. These genes were not differentially expressed in ASP mice with CGP antagonism. In the adrenal glands of ASP-exposed mice, GABA and Glutamate receptor subunit genes were amongst those most highly upregulated. Developmental NMDAR antagonism alone had less effect on adulthood gene expression and affected mainly hypothalamic neurogenesis and adrenal steroid metabolism. Combined ASP + CGP treatment mainly upregulated genes involved in adrenal drug and cholesterol metabolism. Conclusion ASP exposure increased the expression of functional networks of genes involved in hypothalamic neurosteroidogenesis and adrenal catecholamine synthesis, patterns of expression which were not present in ASP-exposed mice with developmental NMDAR antagonism.
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Xiao J, Song M, Li F, Liu X, Anwar A, Zhao H. Effects of GABA microinjection into dorsal raphe nucleus on behavior and activity of lateral habenular neurons in mice. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Broms J, Grahm M, Haugegaard L, Blom T, Meletis K, Tingström A. Monosynaptic retrograde tracing of neurons expressing the G-protein coupled receptor Gpr151 in the mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3227-3250. [PMID: 28657115 PMCID: PMC5601234 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
GPR151 is a G‐protein coupled receptor for which the endogenous ligand remains unknown. In the nervous system of vertebrates, its expression is enriched in specific diencephalic structures, where the highest levels are observed in the habenular area. The habenula has been implicated in a range of different functions including behavioral flexibility, decision making, inhibitory control, and pain processing, which makes it a promising target for treating psychiatric and neurological disease. This study aimed to further characterize neurons expressing the Gpr151 gene, by tracing the afferent connectivity of this diencephalic cell population. Using pseudotyped rabies virus in a transgenic Gpr151‐Cre mouse line, monosynaptic afferents of habenular and thalamic Gpr151‐expressing neuronal populations could be visualized. The habenular and thalamic Gpr151 systems displayed both shared and distinct connectivity patterns. The habenular neurons primarily received input from basal forebrain structures, the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, the lateral preoptic area, the entopeduncular nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamic area. The Gpr151‐expressing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus was primarily contacted by medial hypothalamic areas as well as the zona incerta and projected to specific forebrain areas such as the prelimbic cortex and the accumbens nucleus. Gpr151 mRNA was also detected at low levels in the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus which received input from areas associated with visual processing, including the superior colliculus, zona incerta, and the visual and retrosplenial cortices. Knowledge about the connectivity of Gpr151‐expressing neurons will facilitate the interpretation of future functional studies of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Broms
- Psychiatric Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilda Grahm
- Psychiatric Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lea Haugegaard
- Psychiatric Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Blom
- Biomedical Services Division, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Tingström
- Psychiatric Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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