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Luo R, Yang KT, Wang F, Zheng H, Yang T. Collecting Duct Pro(Renin) Receptor Contributes to Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction-Induced Kidney Injury via Activation of the Intrarenal RAS. Hypertension 2024; 81:2152-2161. [PMID: 39171392 PMCID: PMC11410543 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the concept of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in renal disease is well-described in the literature, the precise pathogenic role and mechanism of this local system have not been directly assessed in the absence of confounding influence from the systemic RAS. The present study used novel mouse models of collecting duct (CD)-specific deletion of (pro)renin receptor (PRR) or renin together with pharmacological inhibition of soluble PRR production to unravel the precise contribution of the intrarenal RAS to renal injury induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. METHODS We examined the impact of CD-specific deletion of PRR, CD-specific deletion of renin, and S1P (site-1 protease) inhibitor PF429242 treatment on renal fibrosis and inflammation and the indices of the intrarenal RAS in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. RESULTS After 3 days of unilateral ureteral obstruction, the indices of the intrarenal RAS including the renal medullary renin content, activity and mRNA expression, and Ang (angiotensin) II content in obstructed kidneys of floxed mice were all increased. That effect was reversed with CD-specific deletion of PRR, CD-specific deletion of renin, and PF429242 treatment, accompanied by consistent improvement in renal fibrosis and inflammation. On the other hand, renal cortical renin levels were unaffected by unilateral ureteral obstruction, irrespective of the genotype. Similar results were obtained via pharmacological inhibition of S1P, the key protease for the generation of soluble PRR. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that PRR-dependent/soluble PRR-dependent activation of CD renin represents a key determinant of the intrarenal RAS and, thus, obstruction-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfei Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kevin T. Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Huaqing Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Jang HS, Noh MR, Ha L, Kim J, Padanilam BJ. Effect of Tissue-derived Angiotensinogen on Kidney Injury and Fibrosis in Obstructive Nephropathy. In Vivo 2024; 38:2107-2114. [PMID: 39187331 PMCID: PMC11363765 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Angiotensinogen (AGT), a precursor of angiotensin II (AngII), contributes to regulating (patho)physiological conditions, including blood pressure changes, inflammation, and kidney fibrosis. However, the precise role of tissue-specific AGT in kidney fibrosis independent of blood pressure remains to be fully understood. This study investigated the source of intrarenal AGT and its role in kidney injury and fibrosis during obstructive nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proximal tubule- (PT, major source secreting AGT in the kidney; PKO) or liver- (major source of circulating AGT; LKO) AGT knockout (KO) mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a blood pressure-independent fibrosis model. RESULTS UUO increased AGT mRNA and protein levels in the kidneys. PKO decreased AGT mRNA, but LKO enhanced it in UUO kidneys compared with the control. In contrast, the intrarenal protein levels of AGT increased in PKO, but not in LKO in UUO kidneys, indicating that the liver is a major source of intrarenal AGT protein. Expression of megalin, a PT receptor involved in the uptake of circulating AGT, was down-regulated in UUO kidneys and was independent of PKO or LKO. However, none of these changes prevented UUO-induced tubular injury and kidney fibrosis. CONCLUSION Hepatic and proximal tubule AGT play distinct roles in contributing to intrarenal AGT levels during UUO, and their genetic inhibitions fail to prevent kidney injury and fibrosis, suggesting a highly complicated signaling pathway of the renin-angiotensin system and an associated compensatory mechanism in obstructive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seong Jang
- Milton and Carroll Petrie Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A.;
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, U.S.A
| | - Mi Ra Noh
- Milton and Carroll Petrie Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, U.S.A
| | - Ligyeom Ha
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, U.S.A
| | - Jinu Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Milton and Carroll Petrie Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A.;
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, U.S.A
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Murdoch JE, Lourenço BN, Berghaus RD, Ames MK, Hammond HK, Coleman AE. Characterization of the circulating markers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in telmisartan- or enalapril-treated dogs with proteinuric chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:2535-2547. [PMID: 39206534 PMCID: PMC11423453 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors enalapril and telmisartan on circulating RAAS in dogs with proteinuric chronic kidney disease (pCKD) are undescribed. OBJECTIVES To characterize the RAAS in untreated dogs with pCKD compared to healthy, life-stage- and sex-matched controls, and in dogs with pCKD after 30 days of treatment with enalapril or telmisartan. ANIMALS Dogs with pCKD (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 20). METHODS Retrospective study of banked samples and previously collected data. Day 0 serum equilibrium concentrations of angiotensin I, II, III, IV, 1-5, and 1-7, and aldosterone, and urinary aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) from pCKD dogs were compared to values on day 30 of treatment with enalapril (0.5 mg/kg PO q12) or telmisartan (1 mg/kg PO q24h) and to those of healthy dogs. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models. RESULTS Compared with healthy dogs, pCKD dogs had significantly higher Ang I, III, 1-5, and 1-7 concentrations, and UACR. Relative to pretreatment values, day 30 Ang II concentrations were significantly increased and decreased in telmisartan- and enalapril-treated pCKD dogs, respectively (both P < .001). Mean (95% confidence interval) percentage change from pretreatment value in serum Ang 1-7 concentration was significantly greater in telmisartan- (753% [489%-1134%]) versus enalapril-treated (149% [69%-268%]) dogs (P < .001). Serum aldosterone decreased with treatment (P = .02 for enalapril, P < .001 for telmisartan), with no difference between groups at day 30. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Circulating RAAS activity is higher in dogs with pCKD. Compared with enalapril, treatment with telmisartan caused significantly greater increases in the presumed beneficial peptide Ang 1-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Murdoch
- Department of Small Animal and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Bianca N Lourenço
- Department of Small Animal and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Roy D Berghaus
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Marisa K Ames
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hillary K Hammond
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Amanda E Coleman
- Department of Small Animal and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Connolly K, George R, Omar S, Matsson E, Åstrand M, Althage M, Pettersen D, Mohamed E, Fang K, Lima JAC, Kujacic M, Ödesjö H, Turton M, Johannesson P, Gabrielsen A, Ufnal M. Novel Relaxin Receptor RXFP1 Agonist AZD3427 in the Treatment of Heart Failure: A Phase 1a/b, First-in-Human, Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034067. [PMID: 39056338 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.034067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure mortality remains high despite recent progress in pharmacological treatment. AZD3427 is a selective long-acting analog of relaxin, a vasodilatory hormone with antifibrotic effects. We assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of AZD3427 in healthy volunteers and patients with heart failure on standard-of-care therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS In this first-in-human, phase 1a/b, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study, healthy volunteers were randomized 6:2 to receive a single dose of AZD3427 or placebo by subcutaneous injection in 5 mixed-ethnicity cohorts (5, 10, 30, 90, or 270 mg) and 1 Japanese-descent cohort (270 mg), or by intravenous injection in 1 cohort (15 mg). After confirming safety and tolerability in healthy volunteers, 3 cohorts of patients with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and 3 cohorts with ejection fraction ≥41% were randomized 6:2 to receive 5 weekly doses of AZD3427 (5, 15, or 45 mg) or placebo by subcutaneous injection. In total, 56 healthy volunteers and 48 patients with heart failure were randomized. AZD3427 was well tolerated at all doses. After subcutaneous administration, AZD3427 was absorbed slowly, and exposure was approximately linear across the dose range. In patients with heart failure, AZD3427 terminal half-life was 13 to 14 days and there were numerical increases in stroke volume and estimated glomerular filtration rate. No treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies were detected. CONCLUSIONS AZD3427 had favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles. Hemodynamic changes in patients with heart failure were consistent with the anticipated effects of a relaxin analog. These findings support further development of AZD3427 as a novel long-term treatment for patients with heart failure. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique Identifier: NCT04630067.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Connolly
- Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - Richard George
- Development, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD
| | - Sami Omar
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - Elin Matsson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Magnus Åstrand
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Magnus Althage
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Daniel Pettersen
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Esha Mohamed
- Early Biometrics, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kelly Fang
- Early Biometrics, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD
| | - Joao A C Lima
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore MD
| | - Mirjana Kujacic
- Global Patient Safety, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Helena Ödesjö
- Global Patient Safety, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Michelle Turton
- Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - Petra Johannesson
- Global Patient Safety, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anders Gabrielsen
- Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Warsaw Poland
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Wang C, Xin Q, Li J, Wang J, Yao S, Wang M, Zhao M, Chen S, Wu S, Xue H. Association of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Trajectories with Atrial Fibrillation Risk in Populations with Normal or Mildly Impaired Renal Function. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 10:274-283. [PMID: 39131881 PMCID: PMC11309754 DOI: 10.1159/000539289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The association between the longitudinal patterns of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in populations with normal or mildly impaired renal function is not well characterized. We sought to explore the eGFR trajectories in populations with normal or mildly impaired renal function and their association with AF. Methods This prospective cohort study included 62,407 participants who were free of AF, cardiovascular diseases, and moderate to severe renal insufficiency (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) before 2010. The eGFR trajectories were developed using latent mixture modeling based on examination data in 2006, 2008, and 2010. Incident AF cases were identified in biennial electrocardiogram assessment and a review of medical insurance data and discharge registers. We used Cox regression models to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident AF. Results According to survey results for the range and changing pattern of eGFR during 2006-2010, four trajectories were identified: high-stable (range, 107.47-110.25 mL/min/1.73 m2; n = 11,719), moderate-increasing (median increase from 83.83 to 100.37 mL/min/1.73 m2; n = 22,634), high-decreasing (median decrease from 101.72 to 89.10 mL/min/1.73 m2; n = 7,943), and low-stable (range, 73.48-76.78 mL/min/1.73 m2; n = 20,111). After an average follow-up of 9.63 years, a total of 485 cases of AF were identified. Compared with the high-stable trajectory, the adjusted hazard ratios of AF were 1.70 (95% CI, 1.09-2.66) for the moderate-increasing trajectory, 1.92 (95% CI, 1.18-3.13) for the high-decreasing trajectory, and 2.28 (95% CI, 1.46-3.56) for the low-stable trajectory. The results remained consistent across a number of sensitivity analyses. Conclusion The trajectories of eGFR were associated with subsequent AF risk in populations with normal or mildly impaired renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junjuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Siyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Maoxiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xiang X, Palasuberniam P, Pare R. The Role of Estrogen across Multiple Disease Mechanisms. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8170-8196. [PMID: 39194700 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is a significant hormone that is involved in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes. In addition to its pivotal role in the reproductive system, estrogen is also implicated in the pathogenesis of a multitude of diseases. Nevertheless, previous research on the role of estrogen in a multitude of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, depression, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal diseases, and estrogen-dependent cancers, has concentrated on a single disease area, resulting in a lack of comprehensive understanding of cross-disease mechanisms. This has brought some challenges to the current treatment methods for these diseases, because estrogen as a potential therapeutic tool has not yet fully developed its potential. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively explore the mechanism of estrogen in these seven types of diseases. The objective of this study is to describe the relationship between each disease and estrogen, including the ways in which estrogen participates in regulating disease mechanisms, and to outline the efficacy of estrogen in treating these diseases in clinical practice. By studying the role of estrogen in a variety of disease mechanisms, it is hoped that a more accurate theoretical basis and clinical guidance for future treatment strategies will be provided, thus promoting the effective management and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Praneetha Palasuberniam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Rahmawati Pare
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
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Hua D, Huang W, Xu W, Zhang Y, Xie Q, Li P, Sheng Y. Targeting of G protein-coupled receptor 39 alleviates angiotensin II-induced renal damage by reducing ribonucleotide reductase M2. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114102. [PMID: 38821252 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, apoptosis and autophagy are the main pathological manifestations of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced renal injury. G protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) is highly expressed in various tissues including the kidney, but its role in the kidney is entirely unclear. This study was performed to investigate the underlying mechanism by which knockdown of GPR39 alleviated Ang II-induced renal injury. In vivo, GPR39 knockout (KO) mice were constructed and infused with Ang II for 4 weeks, followed by renal function tests. In vitro, Ang II-induced cells were treated with si-GPR39 for 48 h. Fibrosis, apoptosis and autophagy were detected in both cells and mice. The underlying mechanism was sought by mRNA transcriptome sequencing and validated in vitro. GPR39 was upregulated in renal tissues of mice with Ang II-mediated renal injury. Knockdown of GPR39 ameliorated renal fibrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy, and decreased the expression of ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2). In vitro, knockdown of GPR39 was also identified to improve the Ang II-induced cell fibrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. mRNA transcriptome results showed that knockout of GPR39 reduced the expression of RRM2 in Ang II-induced kidney tissue. Activation of RRM2 could reverse the therapeutic effect of GPR39 knockout, and the inhibitor of RRM2 could improve the cell fibrosis, apoptosis and autophagy caused by GPR39 agonist. These results indicated that targeting of GPR39 could alleviate Ang II-induced renal fibrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy via reduction of RRM2 expression, and GPR39 may serve as a potential target for Ang II-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Hua
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wanlin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenna Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, PR China.
| | - Yanhui Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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8
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Kanbay M, Copur S, Guldan M, Ozbek L, Hatipoglu A, Covic A, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C. Proximal tubule hypertrophy and hyperfunction: a novel pathophysiological feature in disease states. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfae195. [PMID: 39050867 PMCID: PMC11267238 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of proximal tubules (PTs), a major component of the renal tubular structure in the renal cortex, has been examined extensively. Along with its physiological role in the reabsorption of various molecules, including electrolytes, amino acids and monosaccharides, transcellular transport of different hormones and regulation of homeostasis, pathological events affecting PTs may underlie multiple disease states. PT hypertrophy or a hyperfunctioning state, despite being a compensatory mechanism at first in response to various stimuli or alterations at tubular transport proteins, have been shown to be critical pathophysiological events leading to multiple disorders, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome and congestive heart failure. Moreover, pharmacotherapeutic agents have primarily targeted PTs, including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, urate transporters and carbonic anhydrase enzymes. In this narrative review, we focus on the physiological role of PTs in healthy states and the current understanding of the PT pathologies leading to disease states and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Guldan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lasin Ozbek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Hatipoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Grigore T Popa, Iasi, Romania
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy
- CNR-IFC, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Associazione Ipertensione Nefrologia Trapianto Renale, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, c/o Nefrologia, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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9
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Chen YK, Wu PH, Wu PY, Tsai YC, Chiu YW, Chang JM, Hung CH, Wu CD, Kuo CH, Tseng YC, Chen SC. Sex differences in the association of long-term exposure to heat stress on kidney function in a large Taiwanese population study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14599. [PMID: 38918487 PMCID: PMC11199656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of dialysis in Taiwan are high compared to other regions. Consequently, mitigating chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the worsening of kidney function have emerged as critical healthcare priorities in Taiwan. Heat stress is known to be a significant risk factor for CKD and kidney function impairment. However, differences in the impact of heat stress between males and females remains unexplored. We conducted this retrospective cross-sectional analysis using data from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB), incorporating records of the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) during midday (11 AM-2 PM) and working hours (8 AM-5 PM) periods based on the participants' residential address. Average 1-, 3-, and 5-year WBGT values prior to the survey year were calculated and analyzed using a geospatial artificial intelligence-based ensemble mixed spatial model, covering the period from 2010 to 2020. A total of 114,483 participants from the TWB were included in this study, of whom 35.9% were male and 1053 had impaired kidney function (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2). Multivariable analysis revealed that in the male participants, during the midday period, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year average WBGT values per 1 ℃ increase were significantly positively associated with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.096, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.002-1.199, p = 0.044 for 1 year; OR, 1.093, 95% CI = 1.000-1.196, p = 0.005 for 3 years; OR, 1.094, 95% CI = 1.002-1.195, p = 0.045 for 5 years). However, significant associations were not found for the working hours period. In the female participants, during the midday period, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year average WBGT values per 1 ℃ increase were significantly negatively associated with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (OR, 0.872, 95% CI = 0.778-0.976, p = 0.018 for 1 year; OR, 0.874, 95% CI = 0.780-0.978, p = 0.019 for 3 years; OR, 0.875, 95% CI = 0.784-0.977, p = 0.018 for 5 years). In addition, during the working hours period, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year average WBGT values per 1 ℃ increase were also significantly negatively associated with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (OR, 0.856, 95% CI = 0.774-0.946, p = 0.002 for 1 year; OR, 0.856, 95% CI = 0.774-0.948, p = 0.003 for 3 years; OR, 0.853, 95% CI = 0.772-0.943, p = 0.002 for 5 years). In conclusion, our results revealed that increased WBGT was associated with impaired kidney function in males, whereas increased WBGT was associated with a protective effect against impaired kidney function in females. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms underlying these sex-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kong Chen
- Graduate Institute of Smart Industry and Green Energy, College of Artificial Intelligence, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Smart Industry and Green Energy, College of Artificial Intelligence, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Ming Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chee Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Smart Industry and Green Energy, College of Artificial Intelligence, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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10
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AL-Eitan L, Al-Khaldi S, Ibdah RK. ACE gene polymorphism and susceptibility to hypertension in a Jordanian adult population. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304271. [PMID: 38917192 PMCID: PMC11198757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most common and complicated disorders associated with genetic and environmental risk factors. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is important in the renin-angiotensin-system pathway. The gene expression of ACE has been investigated as a possible hypertension marker. This study investigates the association between polymorphisms within the ACE1 and ACE2 genes and hypertension susceptibility in a Jordanian population. The study comprised a total of 200 hypertensive patients and 180 healthy controls. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to genotype the candidate polymorphism (rs4646994) of the ACE1gene. The Luminex DNA array technique was used for genotyping SNPs (rs4359, rs4344, rs4341, rs4343, and rs2106809) of the ACE1 and ACE2 genes. Our findings suggest no association between SNPs and hypertension regarding allelic and genotypic frequencies. However, rs4359 was significantly associated with diet (pP = 0.049), know HTN (P = 0.042), and number of years DM (P = 0.003). rs4341 was associated with diet (P = 0.032), peripheral vascular disease (P = 0.005), and chronic kidney disease (p = 0.049). While rs4343 was associated with diet (P = 0.031), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.032), and other medication (P = 0.025). Furthermore, the haplotypes of four SNPs of the ACE1 gene showed no significant association with HTN patients and healthy controls. Our findings indicate no association between the polymorphisms in the ACE gene and the risk of hypertension development in the Jordanian adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith AL-Eitan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sara Al-Khaldi
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rasheed k. Ibdah
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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11
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Yusri K, Kumar S, Fong S, Gruber J, Sorrentino V. Towards Healthy Longevity: Comprehensive Insights from Molecular Targets and Biomarkers to Biological Clocks. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6793. [PMID: 38928497 PMCID: PMC11203944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex and time-dependent decline in physiological function that affects most organisms, leading to increased risk of age-related diseases. Investigating the molecular underpinnings of aging is crucial to identify geroprotectors, precisely quantify biological age, and propose healthy longevity approaches. This review explores pathways that are currently being investigated as intervention targets and aging biomarkers spanning molecular, cellular, and systemic dimensions. Interventions that target these hallmarks may ameliorate the aging process, with some progressing to clinical trials. Biomarkers of these hallmarks are used to estimate biological aging and risk of aging-associated disease. Utilizing aging biomarkers, biological aging clocks can be constructed that predict a state of abnormal aging, age-related diseases, and increased mortality. Biological age estimation can therefore provide the basis for a fine-grained risk stratification by predicting all-cause mortality well ahead of the onset of specific diseases, thus offering a window for intervention. Yet, despite technological advancements, challenges persist due to individual variability and the dynamic nature of these biomarkers. Addressing this requires longitudinal studies for robust biomarker identification. Overall, utilizing the hallmarks of aging to discover new drug targets and develop new biomarkers opens new frontiers in medicine. Prospects involve multi-omics integration, machine learning, and personalized approaches for targeted interventions, promising a healthier aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalishah Yusri
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Sheng Fong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Clinical and Translational Sciences PhD Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism and Amsterdam Neuroscience Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Abbas M, Goodney G, Vargas JD, Gaye A. Transcriptome Study of 2 Black Cohorts Reveals cis Long Noncoding RNAs Associated With Hypertension-Related mRNAs. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034417. [PMID: 38818927 PMCID: PMC11255619 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of the expression of genes involved in cardiovascular diseases. This project aims to identify circulating lncRNAs associated with protein-coding mRNAs differentially expressed between hypertensive and normotensive individuals and establish their link with hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS The analyses were conducted in 3 main steps: (1) an unbiased whole blood transcriptome-wide analysis was conducted to identify and replicate protein-coding genes differentially expressed by hypertension status in 497 and 179 Black individuals from the GENE-FORECAST (Genomics, Environmental Factors and the Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease in African-Americans Study) and MH-GRID (Minority Health Genomics and Translational Research Bio-Repository Database) studies, respectively. Subsequently, (2) proximal lncRNAs, termed cis lncRNA quantitative trait loci, associated with each mRNA were identified in the GENE-FORECAST study and replicated in the MH-GRID study. Finally, (3) the lncRNA quantitative trait loci were used as predictors in a random forest model to predict hypertension in both data sets. A total of 129 mRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between normotensive and hypertensive individuals in both data sets. The lncRNA-mRNA association analysis revealed 249 cis lncRNA quantitative trait loci associated with 102 mRNAs, including VAMP2 (vesicle-associated membrane protein 2), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3, CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta, and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E. The 249 lncRNA quantitative trait loci predicted hypertension with an area under the curve of 0.79 and 0.71 in GENE-FORECAST and MH-GRID studies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study leveraged a significant sample of Black individuals, a population facing a disproportionate burden of hypertension. The analyses unveiled a total of 271 lncRNA-mRNA relationships involving mRNAs that play critical roles in vascular pathways relevant to blood pressure regulation. The compelling findings, consistent across 2 independent data sets, establish a reliable foundation for designing in vitro/in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Abbas
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Gabriel Goodney
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | | | - Amadou Gaye
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
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13
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Xia Y, Coffman TM. Hold the salt for kidney regeneration. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e181397. [PMID: 38828728 PMCID: PMC11142728 DOI: 10.1172/jci181397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The macula densa (MD) is a distinct cluster of approximately 20 specialized kidney epithelial cells that constitute a key component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Unlike other renal tubular epithelial cell populations with functions relating to reclamation or secretion of electrolytes and solutes, the MD acts as a cell sensor, exerting homeostatic actions in response to sodium and chloride changes within the tubular fluid. Electrolyte flux through apical sodium transporters in MD cells triggers release of paracrine mediators, affecting blood pressure and glomerular hemodynamics. In this issue of the JCI, Gyarmati and authors explored a program of MD that resulted in activation of regeneration pathways. Notably, regeneration was triggered by feeding mice a low-salt diet. Furthermore, the MD cells showed neuron-like properties that may contribute to their regulation of glomerular structure and function. These findings suggest that dietary sodium restriction and/or targeting MD signaling might attenuate glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Thomas M. Coffman
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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14
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Proença AB, Medeiros GR, Reis GDS, Losito LDF, Ferraz LM, Bargut TCL, Soares NP, Alexandre-Santos B, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Magliano DC, Nobrega ACLD, Santos RAS, Frantz EDC. Adipose tissue plasticity mediated by the counterregulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system: Role of Mas and MrgD receptors. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31265. [PMID: 38577921 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an endocrine system composed of two main axes: the classical and the counterregulatory, very often displaying opposing effects. The classical axis, primarily mediated by angiotensin receptors type 1 (AT1R), is linked to obesity-associated metabolic effects. On the other hand, the counterregulatory axis appears to exert antiobesity effects through the activation of two receptors, the G protein-coupled receptor (MasR) and Mas-related receptor type D (MrgD). The local RAS in adipose organ has prompted extensive research into white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue (BAT), with a key role in regulating the cellular and metabolic plasticity of these tissues. The MasR activation favors the brown plasticity signature in the adipose organ by improve the thermogenesis, adipogenesis, and lipolysis, decrease the inflammatory state, and overall energy homeostasis. The MrgD metabolic effects are related to the maintenance of BAT functionality, but the signaling remains unexplored. This review provides a summary of RAS counterregulatory actions triggered by Mas and MrgD receptors on adipose tissue plasticity. Focus on the effects related to the morphology and function of adipose tissue, especially from animal studies, will be given targeting new avenues for treatment of obesity-associated metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Proença
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rodrigues Medeiros
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dos Santos Reis
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza da França Losito
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza Mazzali Ferraz
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thereza Cristina Lonzetti Bargut
- Department of Basic Sciences, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nícia Pedreira Soares
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Alexandre-Santos
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Yamani F, Cianfarini C, Batlle D. Delayed Graft Function and the Renin-angiotensin System. Transplantation 2024; 108:1308-1318. [PMID: 38361243 PMCID: PMC11136607 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Delayed graft function (DGF) is a form of acute kidney injury (AKI) and a common complication following kidney transplantation. It adversely influences patient outcomes increases the financial burden of transplantation, and currently, no specific treatments are available. In developing this form of AKI, activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been proposed to play an important role. In this review, we discuss the role of RAS activation and its contribution to the pathophysiology of DGF following the different stages of the transplantation process, from procurement and ischemia to transplantation into the recipient and including data from experimental animal models. Deceased kidney donors, whether during cardiac or brain death, may experience activation of the RAS. That may be continued or further potentiated during procurement and organ preservation. Additional evidence suggests that during implantation of the kidney graft and reperfusion in the recipient, the RAS is activated and may likely remain activated, extrapolating from other forms of AKI where RAS overactivity is well documented. Of particular interest in this setting is the status of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a key RAS enzyme essential for the metabolism of angiotensin II and abundantly present in the apical border of the proximal tubules, which is the site of predominant injury in AKI and DGF. Interventions aimed at safely downregulating the RAS using suitable shorter forms of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 could be a way to offer protection against DGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah Yamani
- Division of Nephrology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cosimo Cianfarini
- Division of Nephrology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Division of Nephrology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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16
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Arfsten H, Heitzinger G, Prausmüller S, Weidenhammer A, Goliasch G, Bartko PE, Spinka G, Hülsmann M, Pavo N. Excess renin is attributed to the combination of forward and backward failure in HFrEF. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:1748-1757. [PMID: 38459668 PMCID: PMC11098628 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Regulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) still raises questions, as a large proportion of patients show normal renin levels despite manifest disease. Experimental venous congestion results in reduced renal perfusion pressure and stimulates renin secretion. We hypothesized that excess renin levels are mainly a result of right ventricular failure as a sequalae of left ventricular dysfunction. The study aimed to link right ventricular function (RVF) with renin levels and to investigate further contributors to excess RAS activation. METHODS AND RESULTS Three hundred thirty-two chronic HFrEF patients undergoing routine ambulatory care were consecutively enrolled in a prospective, registry-based, observational study. Laboratory parameters, including cardiac-specific markers renin, aldosterone, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), echocardiographic examination (n = 247), and right heart catheterization (n = 85), were documented. The relationship between renin and its respective parameters was analysed. Renin concentration was not associated with the New York Heart Association class or NT-proBNP. Systolic blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, serum sodium, aldosterone, and lactate dehydrogenase were associated with increased renin levels (P < 0.035 for all). Renin levels similarly increased with worsening of RVF parameters such as fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tissue Doppler imaging, and inferior vena cava diameter (P < 0.011 for all), but not with pulmonary pressure. Excess renin levels were observed when worsening RVF was combined with reduced renal perfusion {625 μIU/mL [interquartile range (IQR): 182-1761] vs. 67 μIU/mL [IQR: 16-231], P < 0.001}, which was associated with worse survival. CONCLUSIONS While unrelated to classical indices of HF severity, circulating renin levels increase with the worsening of RVF, especially in the combined presence of forward and backward failure. This might explain normal renin levels in HFrEF patients but also excess renin levels in poor haemodynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Arfsten
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of CardiologyMedical University of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18‐201090ViennaAustria
| | - Gregor Heitzinger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of CardiologyMedical University of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18‐201090ViennaAustria
| | - Suriya Prausmüller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of CardiologyMedical University of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18‐201090ViennaAustria
| | - Annika Weidenhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of CardiologyMedical University of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18‐201090ViennaAustria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of CardiologyMedical University of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18‐201090ViennaAustria
| | - Philipp E. Bartko
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of CardiologyMedical University of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18‐201090ViennaAustria
| | - Georg Spinka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of CardiologyMedical University of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18‐201090ViennaAustria
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of CardiologyMedical University of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18‐201090ViennaAustria
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of CardiologyMedical University of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18‐201090ViennaAustria
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Lakhani HV, Zehra M, Pillai S, Shapiro JI, Sodhi K. Dysregulation of HO-1-SIRT1 Axis is Associated with AngII-Induced Adipocyte Dysfunction. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 8:1000275. [PMID: 39238841 PMCID: PMC11376061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII), a component of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), has been implicated in the dysregulation of adipose tissue function. Inhibition of AngII has been shown to improve adipose tissue function in mice with metabolic syndrome. It is well established that the Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an antioxidant improves oxidative stress and phenotypic change in adipocytes. Molecular effects of high oxidative stress include suppression of Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), which is amenable to redox manipulations. However, the underlying mechanisms by which the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) exerts its metabolic effects are not fully understood. In this study, we propose that AngII-induced oxidative stress may suppress adipocyte SIRT1 through down-regulation of HO-1. Consequently, this suppression of SIRT1 may result in the up-regulation of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR). We further hypothesize that the induction of HO-1 would rescue SIRT1, thereby improving oxidative stress and adipocyte phenotype. To establish this hypothesis, we conducted experiments using mouse preadipocytes treated with AngII, in the presence or absence of Cobalt Protoporphyrin (CoPP), an inducer of HO-1, and Tin Mesoporphyrin (SnMP), an inhibitor of HO-1. Our data demonstrate that treatment of mouse preadipocytes with AngII leads to increased lipid accumulation, elevated levels of superoxide and inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-6 and Tumor necrosis factor alpha), and reduced levels of adiponectin. However, these effects were attenuated by the induction of HO-1, and this attenuation was reversed by SnMP, indicating that the beneficial effects on adipocyte phenotype are modulated by HO-1. Furthermore, our findings reveal that AngII-treated preadipocytes exhibit upregulated MR levels and suppressed SIRT1 expression, which are rescued by HO-1 induction. Following treatment with CoPP and SIRT1 siRNA in mouse preadipocytes resulted in increased lipid accumulation and elevated levels of fatty acid synthase, indicating that the beneficial effects of HO-1 are modulated through SIRT1. Our study provides evidence that HO-1 restores cellular redox balance, rescues SIRT1, and attenuates the detrimental effects of AngII on adipocytes and systemic metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Vishal Lakhani
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, United States of America
| | - Mishghan Zehra
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, United States of America
| | - Sneha Pillai
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, United States of America
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, United States of America
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, United States of America
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18
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Möckel T, Boegel S, Schwarting A. Transcriptome Analysis of BAFF/BAFF-R System in Murine Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5415. [PMID: 38791453 PMCID: PMC11121395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute kidney injury (AKI) can transition to CKD and finally to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Targeted treatment is still unavailable. NF-κB signaling is associated with CKD and activated by B cell activating factor (BAFF) via BAFF-R binding. In turn, renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are critical for the progression of fibrosis and producing BAFF. Therefore, the direct involvement of the BAFF/BAFF-R system to the pathogenesis of CKD is conceivable. We performed non-accelerated nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN) as the CKD model in BAFF KO (B6.129S2-Tnfsf13btm1Msc/J), BAFF-R KO (B6(Cg)-Tnfrsf13ctm1Mass/J) and wildtype (C57BL/6J) mice to analyze the BAFF/BAFF-R system in anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease using high throughput RNA sequencing. We found that BAFF signaling is directly involved in the upregulation of collagen III as BAFF ko mice showed a reduced expression. However, these effects were not mediated via BAFF-R. We identified several upregulated genes that could explain the effects of BAFF in chronic kidney injury such as Txnip, Gpx3, Igfbp7, Ccn2, Kap, Umod and Ren1. Thus, we conclude that targeted treatment with anti-BAFF drugs such as belimumab may reduce chronic kidney damage. Furthermore, upregulated genes may be useful prognostic CKD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Möckel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sebastian Boegel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.M.); (S.B.)
- Center for Rheumatic Disease Rhineland-Palatinate GmbH, 55543 Bad Kreuznach, Germany
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19
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Valentín-Goyco J, Im SC, Auchus RJ. Kinetics of Intermediate Release Enhances P450 11B2-Catalyzed Aldosterone Synthesis. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1026-1037. [PMID: 38564530 PMCID: PMC11259377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome P450 11B2 (aldosterone synthase) catalyzes the 3 terminal transformations in the biosynthesis of aldosterone from 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC): 11β-hydroxylation to corticosterone, 18-hydroxylation, and 18-oxidation. Prior studies have shown that P450 11B2 produces more aldosterone from DOC than from the intermediate corticosterone and that the reaction sequence is processive, with intermediates remaining bound to the active site between oxygenation reactions. In contrast, P450 11B1 (11β-hydroxylase), which catalyzes the terminal step in cortisol biosynthesis, shares a 93% amino acid sequence identity with P450 11B2, converts DOC to corticosterone, but cannot synthesize aldosterone from DOC. The biochemical and biophysical properties of P450 11B2, which enable its unique 18-oxygenation activity and processivity, yet are not also represented in P450 11B1, remain unknown. To understand the mechanism of aldosterone biosynthesis, we introduced point mutations at residue 320, which partially exchange the activities of P450 11B1 and P450 11B2 (V320A and A320V, respectively). We then investigated NADPH coupling efficiencies, binding kinetics and affinities, and product formation of purified P450 11B1 and P450 11B2, wild-type, and residue 320 mutations in phospholipid vesicles and nanodiscs. Coupling efficiencies for the 18-hydroxylase reaction with corticosterone as the substrate failed to correlate with aldosterone synthesis, ruling out uncoupling as a relevant mechanism. Conversely, corticosterone dissociation rates correlated inversely with aldosterone production. We conclude that intermediate dissociation kinetics, not coupling efficiency, enable P450 11B2 to synthesize aldosterone via a processive mechanism. Our kinetic data also suggest that the binding of DOC to P450 11B enzymes occurs in at least two distinct steps, favoring an induced-fit mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Valentín-Goyco
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Sang-Choul Im
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Richard J. Auchus
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
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20
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Lozinski M, Lumbers ER, Bowden NA, Martin JH, Fay MF, Pringle KG, Tooney PA. Upregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin System Is Associated with Patient Survival and the Tumour Microenvironment in Glioblastoma. Cells 2024; 13:634. [PMID: 38607073 PMCID: PMC11012120 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive disease with poor survival outcomes. An emerging body of literature links the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), well-known for its function in the cardiovascular system, to the progression of cancers. We studied the expression of RAS-related genes (ATP6AP2, AGTR1, AGTR2, ACE, AGT, and REN) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioblastoma cohort, their relationship to patient survival, and association with tumour microenvironment pathways. The expression of RAS genes was then examined in 12 patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines treated with chemoradiation. In cases of glioblastoma within the TCGA, ATP6AP2, AGTR1, ACE, and AGT had consistent expressions across samples, while AGTR2 and REN were lowly expressed. High expression of AGTR1 was independently associated with lower progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.01) and had a non-significant trend for overall survival (OS) after multivariate analysis (p = 0.095). The combined expression of RAS receptors (ATP6AP2, AGTR1, and AGTR2) was positively associated with gene pathways involved in hypoxia, microvasculature, stem cell plasticity, and the molecular characterisation of glioblastoma subtypes. In patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines, ATP6AP2 and AGTR1 were upregulated after chemoradiotherapy and correlated with an increase in HIF1A expression. This data suggests the RAS is correlated with changes in the tumour microenvironment and associated with glioblastoma survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Lozinski
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.L.); (N.A.B.); (J.H.M.); (M.F.F.)
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Eugenie R. Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (E.R.L.); (K.G.P.)
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Nikola A. Bowden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.L.); (N.A.B.); (J.H.M.); (M.F.F.)
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Jennifer H. Martin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.L.); (N.A.B.); (J.H.M.); (M.F.F.)
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Michael F. Fay
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.L.); (N.A.B.); (J.H.M.); (M.F.F.)
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- GenesisCare, Gateshead, NSW 2290, Australia
| | - Kirsty G. Pringle
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (E.R.L.); (K.G.P.)
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Paul A. Tooney
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (E.R.L.); (K.G.P.)
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21
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Ksiazek SH, Hu L, Andò S, Pirklbauer M, Säemann MD, Ruotolo C, Zaza G, La Manna G, De Nicola L, Mayer G, Provenzano M. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: From History to Practice of a Secular Topic. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4035. [PMID: 38612843 PMCID: PMC11012036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors are standard care in patients with hypertension, heart failure or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although we have studied the RAAS for decades, there are still circumstances that remain unclear. In this review, we describe the evolution of the RAAS and pose the question of whether this survival trait is still necessary to humankind in the present age. We elucidate the benefits on cardiovascular health and kidney disease of RAAS inhibition and present promising novel medications. Furthermore, we address why more studies are needed to establish a new standard of care away from generally prescribing ACEi or ARB toward an improved approach to combine drugs tailored to the needs of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. Ksiazek
- 6th Medical Department of Internal Medicine with Nephrology & Dialysis, Clinic Ottakring, 1160 Vienna, Austria; (S.H.K.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Lilio Hu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.H.); (G.L.M.)
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienza Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.A.); (G.Z.)
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Markus Pirklbauer
- Internal Medicine IV, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Marcus D. Säemann
- 6th Medical Department of Internal Medicine with Nephrology & Dialysis, Clinic Ottakring, 1160 Vienna, Austria; (S.H.K.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Chiara Ruotolo
- Division of Nephrology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (L.D.N.)
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.H.); (G.L.M.)
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienza Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca De Nicola
- Division of Nephrology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (L.D.N.)
| | - Gert Mayer
- Internal Medicine IV, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.A.); (G.Z.)
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22
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Yao Z, Zhao W, Tang B, Li Q, Wang Z. Effects of host identity on the gut microbiota: A comparative study on three microtinae species. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:98-105. [PMID: 38567747 PMCID: PMC11079152 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota exert an immense effect on host health and host environmental adaptation. Furthermore, the composition and structure of gut microbiota are determined by the environment and host genetic factors. However, the relative contribution of the environment and host genetic factors toward shaping the structure of gut microbiota has been poorly understood. METHODS In this study, we characterized the fecal microbial communities of the closely related voles Neodon fuscus, Lasiopodomys brandtii, and L. mandarinus after caged feeding in the laboratory for 6 months, through high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS The results of pairwise comparisons of N. fuscus vs. L. brandtii and L. mandarinus vs. L. brandtii revealed significant differences in bacterial diversity and composition after domestication. While 991 same operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared in three voles, there were 362, 291, and 303 species-specific OTUs in N. fuscus, L. brandtii, and L. mandarinus, respectively. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Prevotella, which are reported to be enriched in high-altitude populations, were significantly higher in high-altitude N. fuscus than in low-altitude L. brandtii after domestication. Firmicutes, which produce various digestive enzymes for energy metabolism, and Spirochaetes, which can degrade cellulose, were found in higher abundance in subterranean L. mandarinus than that in L. brandtii which dwells on the earth surface. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that some components of gut microbiota still maintained dominance even when different host species are reared under the same environmental conditions, suggesting that these bacteria are substantially influenced by host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Baohong Tang
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Qinghua Li
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceP.R. China
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23
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Hopper SE, Weiss D, Mikush N, Jiang B, Spronck B, Cavinato C, Humphrey JD, Figueroa CA. Central Artery Hemodynamics in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Effects of Anesthesia. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1051-1066. [PMID: 38383871 PMCID: PMC11418744 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Systemic hypertension is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular, neurovascular, and renovascular diseases. Central artery stiffness is both an initiator and indicator of hypertension, thus revealing a critical relationship between the wall mechanics and hemodynamics. Mice have emerged as a critical animal model for studying effects of hypertension and much has been learned. Regardless of the specific mouse model, data on changes in cardiac function and hemodynamics are necessarily measured under anesthesia. Here, we present a new experimental-computational workflow to estimate awake cardiovascular conditions from anesthetized data, which was then used to quantify effects of chronic angiotensin II-induced hypertension relative to normotension in wild-type mice. We found that isoflurane anesthesia had a greater impact on depressing hemodynamics in angiotensin II-infused mice than in controls, which led to unexpected results when comparing anesthetized results between the two groups of mice. Through comparison of the awake simulations, however, in vivo relevant effects of angiotensin II-infusion on global and regional vascular structure, properties, and hemodynamics were found to be qualitatively consistent with expectations. Specifically, we found an increased in vivo vascular stiffness in the descending thoracic aorta and suprarenal abdominal aorta, leading to increases in pulse pressure in the distal aorta. These insights allow characterization of the impact of regionally varying vascular remodeling on hemodynamics and mouse-to-mouse variations due to induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Hopper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - N Mikush
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - B Jiang
- Department of Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, 1st Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - B Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Cavinato
- LMGC, Universite' Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - J D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - C A Figueroa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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24
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Pal S, Sharma S, Porwal K, Tiwari MC, Khan YA, Kumar S, Kumar N, Chattopadhyay N. The Role of Osteogenic Effect and Vascular Function in Bone Health in Hypertensive Rats: A Study of Anti-hypertensive and Hemorheologic Drugs. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:295-309. [PMID: 38102510 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction contributes to the development of osteopenia in hypertensive patients, as decreased blood supply to bones results in tissue damage and dysfunction. The effect of anti-hypertensive medicines on bone mass in hypertensive individuals is inconclusive because of the varied mechanism of their action, and suggests that reducing blood pressure (BP) alone is insufficient to enhance bone mass in hypertension. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a hemorheological drug, improves blood flow by reducing blood viscosity and angiogenesis, also has an osteogenic effect. We hypothesized that improving vascular function is critical to increasing bone mass in hypertension. To test this, we screened various anti-hypertensive drugs for their in vitro osteogenic effect, from which timolol and hydralazine were selected. In adult female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), timolol and hydralazine did not improve vascular function and bone mass, but PTX improved both. In female SHR animals, PTX restored bone mass, strength and mineralization, up to the level of normotensive control rats. In addition, we observed lower blood vasculature in the femur of adult SHR animals, and PTX restored them. PTX also restored the bone vascular and angiogenesis parameters that had been impaired in OVX SHR compared to sham SHR. This study demonstrates the importance of vascular function in addition to increased bone mass for improving bone health as achieved by PTX without affecting BP, and suggests a promising treatment option for osteoporosis in hypertensive patients, particularly at-risk postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Konica Porwal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mahesh C Tiwari
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Yasir A Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, India.
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25
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Jawarkar RD, Zaki MEA, Al-Hussain SA, Al-Mutairi AA, Samad A, Mukerjee N, Ghosh A, Masand VH, Ming LC, Rashid S. QSAR modeling approaches to identify a novel ACE2 inhibitor that selectively bind with the C and N terminals of the ectodomain. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2550-2569. [PMID: 37144753 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2205948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high rates of drug development failure and the massive expenses associated with drug discovery, repurposing existing drugs has become more popular. As a result, we have used QSAR modelling on a large and varied dataset of 657 compounds in an effort to discover both explicit and subtle structural features requisite for ACE2 inhibitory activity, with the goal of identifying novel hit molecules. The QSAR modelling yielded a statistically robust QSAR model with high predictivity (R2tr=0.84, R2ex=0.79), previously undisclosed features, and novel mechanistic interpretations. The developed QSAR model predicted the ACE2 inhibitory activity (PIC50) of 1615 ZINC FDA compounds. This led to the detection of a PIC50 of 8.604 M for the hit molecule (ZINC000027990463). The hit molecule's docking score is -9.67 kcal/mol (RMSD 1.4). The hit molecule revealed 25 interactions with the residue ASP40, which defines the N and C termini of the ectodomain of ACE2. The HIT molecule conducted more than thirty contacts with water molecules and exhibited polar interaction with the ARG522 residue coupled with the second chloride ion, which is 10.4 nm away from the zinc ion. Both molecular docking and QSAR produced comparable findings. Moreover, MD simulation and MMGBSA studies verified docking analysis. The MD simulation showed that the hit molecule-ACE2 receptor complex is stable for 400 ns, suggesting that repurposed hit molecule 3 is a viable ACE2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul D Jawarkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Dr Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aamal A Al-Mutairi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Samad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Vijay H Masand
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyabharati Mahavidyalalya, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Bhullar SK, Dhalla NS. Adaptive and maladaptive roles of different angiotensin receptors in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:86-104. [PMID: 37748204 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is formed by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the renin-angiotensin system. This hormone is known to induce cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure and its actions are mediated by the interaction of both pro- and antihypertrophic Ang II receptors (AT1R and AT2R). Ang II is also metabolized by ACE 2 to Ang-(1-7), which elicits the activation of Mas receptors (MasR) for inducing antihypertrophic actions. Since heart failure under different pathophysiological situations is preceded by adaptive and maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, we have reviewed the existing literature to gain some information regarding the roles of AT1R, AT2R, and MasR in both acute and chronic conditions of cardiac hypertrophy. It appears that the activation of AT1R may be involved in the development of adaptive and maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy as well as subsequent heart failure because both ACE inhibitors and AT1R antagonists exert beneficial effects. On the other hand, the activation of both AT2R and MasR may prevent the occurrence of maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and delay the progression of heart failure, and thus therapy with different activators of these antihypertrophic receptors under chronic pathological stages may prove beneficial. Accordingly, it is suggested that a great deal of effort should be made to develop appropriate activators of both AT2R and MasR for the treatment of heart failure subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder K Bhullar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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27
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Battaglini D, De Rosa S, Godoy DA. Crosstalk Between the Nervous System and Systemic Organs in Acute Brain Injury. Neurocrit Care 2024; 40:337-348. [PMID: 37081275 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Organ crosstalk is a complex biological communication between distal organs mediated via cellular, soluble, and neurohormonal actions, based on a two-way pathway. The communication between the central nervous system and peripheral organs involves nerves, endocrine, and immunity systems as well as the emotional and cognitive centers of the brain. Particularly, acute brain injury is complicated by neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration causing multiorgan inflammation, microbial dysbiosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction and dysmotility, liver dysfunction, acute kidney injury, and cardiac dysfunction. Organ crosstalk has become increasingly popular, although the information is still limited. The present narrative review provides an update on the crosstalk between the nervous system and systemic organs after acute brain injury. Future research might help to target this pathophysiological process, preventing the progression toward multiorgan dysfunction in critically ill patients with brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Battaglini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia De Rosa
- Centre for Medical Sciences, University of Trento, Via S. Maria Maddalena 1, 38122, Trento, Italy.
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS Trento, Trento, Italy.
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Tang X, Shen Y, Lu Y, He W, Nie Y, Fang X, Cai J, Si X, Zhu Y. Identification and validation of pyroptosis-related genes as potential biomarkers for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36799. [PMID: 38277535 PMCID: PMC10817039 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis plays a key role in the death of cells including cardiomyocytes, and it is associated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is not well characterized. This study aimed to identify key biomarkers and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of the PRGs in HCM. The differentially expressed genes were identified by GEO2R, and the differentially expressed pyroptosis-related genes (DEPRGs) of HCM were identified by combining with PRGs. Enrichment analysis was performed using the "clusterProfiler" package of the R software. Protein-protein interactions (PPI) network analysis was performed using the STRING database, and hub genes were screened using cytoHubba. TF-miRNA coregulatory networks and protein-chemical interactions were analyzed using NetworkAnalyst. RT-PCR/WB was used for expression validation of HCM diagnostic markers. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot (WB) were used to measure and compare the expression of the identified genes in the cardiac hypertrophy model and the control group. A total of 20 DEPRGs were identified, which primarily showed enrichment for the positive regulation of cytokine production, regulation of response to biotic stimulus, tumor necrosis factor production, and other biological processes. These processes primarily involved pathways related to Renin-angiotensin system, Adipocytokine signaling pathway and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Then, a PPI network was constructed, and 8 hub genes were identified. After verification analysis, the finally identified HCM-related diagnostic markers were upregulated gene protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11), downregulated genes interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3), and annexin A2 (ANXA2). Further GSEA analysis revealed these 3 biomarkers primarily related to cardiac muscle contraction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, fatty acid degradation and ECM - receptor interaction. Moreover, we also elucidated the interaction network of these biomarkers with the miRNA network and known compounds, respectively. RT-PCR/WB results indicated that PTPN11 expression was significantly increased, and IRAK3 and ANXA2 expressions were significantly decreased in HCM. This study identified PTPN11, IRAK3, and ANXA2 as pyroptosis-associated biomarkers of HCM, with the potential to reveal the development and pathogenesis of HCM and could be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wanya He
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Nie
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue Fang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinghui Cai
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Si
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Poursistany H, Azar ST, Azar MT, Raeisi S. The current and emerging Klotho-enhancement strategies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 693:149357. [PMID: 38091839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Klotho is well known as a gene with antiaging properties. It has membrane and soluble forms, providing a unique system that controls various metabolic processes essential to health and disease. Klotho deficiency has been revealed to be associated with various aging-related disorders. Based on its various known and unknown protective properties, upregulating the Klotho gene may be a possible therapeutic and/or preventive approach in aging-related complications. Some agents, such as hormonal compounds, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, antioxidants, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonists, statins, vitamin D receptor agonists, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling inhibitors, and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) inhibitors, can possibly lead to the upregulation and elevation of Klotho levels. Demethylation and deacetylation of the Klotho gene can also be considered other possible Klotho-enhancement methods. Some emerging techniques, such as RNA modifications, gene therapy, gene editing, and exosome therapy, probably have the potential to be applied for increasing Klotho. In the present study, these current and emerging Klotho-enhancement strategies and their underlying mechanisms were comprehensively reviewed, which could highlight some potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Poursistany
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Tabibi Azar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsan Tabibi Azar
- Student Research Committee, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Raeisi
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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30
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Luo W, Yao C, Sun J, Zhang B, Chen H, Miao J, Zhang Y. Alamandine attenuates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by promoting osteogenic differentiation via AMPK/eNOS axis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:45. [PMID: 38200474 PMCID: PMC10777585 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alamandine is a newly characterized peptide of renin angiotensin system. Our study aims to investigate the osteo-preservative effects of alamandine, explore underlying mechanism and bring a potential preventive strategy for postmenopausal osteoporosis in the future. METHODS An ovariectomy (OVX)-induced rat osteoporosis model was established for in vivo experiments. Micro-computed tomography and three-point bending test were used to evaluate bone strength. Histological femur slices were processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Bone turnover markers and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in serum were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mouse embryo osteoblast precursor (MC3T3-E1) cells were used for in vitro experiments. The cell viability was analysed with a Cell Counting Kit‑8. We performed Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay to observe the differentiation status of osteoblasts. Western blotting was adopted to detect the expression of osteogenesis related proteins and AMP-activated protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (AMPK/eNOS) in osteoblasts. DAF-FM diacetate was used for semi-quantitation of intracellular NO. RESULTS In OVX rats, alamandine alleviated osteoporosis and maintained bone strength. The IHC showed alamandine increased osteocalcin and collagen type I α1 (COL1A1) expression. The ELISA revealed alamandine decreased bone turnover markers and restored NO level in serum. In MC3T3-E1 cells, alamandine promoted osteogenic differentiation. Western blotting demonstrated that alamandine upregulated the expression of osteopontin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 and COL1A1. The intracellular NO was also raised by alamandine. Additionally, the activation of AMPK/eNOS axis mediated the effects of alamandine on MC3T3-E1 cells and bone tissue. PD123319 and dorsomorphin could repress the regulating effect of alamandine on bone metabolism. CONCLUSION Alamandine attenuates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by promoting osteogenic differentiation via AMPK/eNOS axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chen Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jin Miao
- Laboratory Animal Center of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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31
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Oh HSH, Rutledge J, Nachun D, Pálovics R, Abiose O, Moran-Losada P, Channappa D, Urey DY, Kim K, Sung YJ, Wang L, Timsina J, Western D, Liu M, Kohlfeld P, Budde J, Wilson EN, Guen Y, Maurer TM, Haney M, Yang AC, He Z, Greicius MD, Andreasson KI, Sathyan S, Weiss EF, Milman S, Barzilai N, Cruchaga C, Wagner AD, Mormino E, Lehallier B, Henderson VW, Longo FM, Montgomery SB, Wyss-Coray T. Organ aging signatures in the plasma proteome track health and disease. Nature 2023; 624:164-172. [PMID: 38057571 PMCID: PMC10700136 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies show aging varies between individuals as well as between organs within an individual1-4, but whether this is true in humans and its effect on age-related diseases is unknown. We utilized levels of human blood plasma proteins originating from specific organs to measure organ-specific aging differences in living individuals. Using machine learning models, we analysed aging in 11 major organs and estimated organ age reproducibly in five independent cohorts encompassing 5,676 adults across the human lifespan. We discovered nearly 20% of the population show strongly accelerated age in one organ and 1.7% are multi-organ agers. Accelerated organ aging confers 20-50% higher mortality risk, and organ-specific diseases relate to faster aging of those organs. We find individuals with accelerated heart aging have a 250% increased heart failure risk and accelerated brain and vascular aging predict Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression independently from and as strongly as plasma pTau-181 (ref. 5), the current best blood-based biomarker for AD. Our models link vascular calcification, extracellular matrix alterations and synaptic protein shedding to early cognitive decline. We introduce a simple and interpretable method to study organ aging using plasma proteomics data, predicting diseases and aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton Se-Hwee Oh
- Graduate Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jarod Rutledge
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Nachun
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Róbert Pálovics
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olamide Abiose
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Moran-Losada
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Divya Channappa
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deniz Yagmur Urey
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kate Kim
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jigyasha Timsina
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dan Western
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Menghan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pat Kohlfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Edward N Wilson
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yann Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Taylor M Maurer
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Haney
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Yang
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zihuai He
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katrin I Andreasson
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sanish Sathyan
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erica F Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frank M Longo
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Alyahya AI, Charman SJ, Okwose NC, Fuller AS, Eggett C, Luke P, Bailey K, MacGowan GA, Jakovljevic DG. Heart rate variability and haemodynamic function in individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2023; 43:421-430. [PMID: 37293795 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of cardiac autonomic function. This study: (1) evaluated the differences in HRV and haemodynamic function between individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and healthy controls, and (2) determined the relationship between HRV and haemodynamic variables in individuals with HCM. METHODS Twenty-eight individuals with HCM (n = 7, females; age 54 ± 15 years; body mass index: 29 ± 5 kg/m2 ) and 28 matched healthy individuals (n = 7 females; age 54 ± 16 years; body mass index: 29 ± 5 kg/m2 ) completed 5-min HRV and haemodynamic measurements under resting (supine) conditions using bioimpedance technology. Frequency domain HRV measures (absolute and normalized low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF) and LF/HF ratio) and RR interval were recorded. RESULTS Individuals with HCM demonstrated higher vagal activity (i.e., absolute unit of HF power (7.40 ± 2.50 vs. 6.03 ± 1.35 ms2 , p = 0.01) but lower RR interval (914 ± 178 vs. 1014 ± 168 ms, p = 0.03) compared to controls. Stroke volume (SV) index and cardiac index were lower in HCM compared with healthy individuals (SV, 33 ± 9 vs. 43 ± 7 ml/beat/m², p < 0.01; cardiac index,2.33 ± 0.42 vs. 3.57 ± 0.82 L/min/m2 , p < 0.01), but total peripheral resistance (TPR) was higher in HCM (3468 ± 1027 vs. 2953 ± 1050 dyn·s·m2 cm-5 , p = 0.03). HF power was significantly related to SV (r = -0.46, p < 0.01) and TPR (r = 0.28, p < 0.05) in HCM. CONCLUSIONS Short-term frequency domain indices of HRV provide a feasible approach to assess autonomic function in individuals with HCM. Vagal activity, represented by HF power, is increased, and associated with peripheral resistance in individuals with HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa I Alyahya
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Cardiac Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah J Charman
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nduka C Okwose
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Research Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, and University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Amy S Fuller
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Eggett
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Luke
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kristian Bailey
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Guy A MacGowan
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Djordje G Jakovljevic
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Research Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, and University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Addison ML, Ranasinghe P, Webb DJ. Novel Pharmacological Approaches in the Treatment of Hypertension: A Focus on RNA-Based Therapeutics. Hypertension 2023; 80:2243-2254. [PMID: 37706295 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension remains the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death globally, affecting half of US adults. A high proportion of hypertensive patients exhibit uncontrolled blood pressure (BP), associated with poor adherence, linked to pill burden and adverse effects. Novel pharmacological strategies are urgently needed to improve BP control. Dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system increases BP through its primary effector, Ang II (angiotensin II), which results in tissue remodeling and end-organ damage. Silencing liver angiotensinogen (the sole source of Ang II) has been achieved using novel RNA therapeutics, including the antisense oligonucleotide, IONIS-AGT (angiotensinogen)-LRX, and the small-interfering RNA, zilebesiran. Conjugation to N-acetylgalactosamine enables targeted delivery to hepatocytes, where endosomal storage, slow leakage, and small-interfering RNA recycling (for zilebesiran) result in knockdown over several months. Indeed, zilebesiran has an impressive and durable effect on systolic BP, reduced by up to 20 mm Hg and sustained for 6 months after a single administration, likely due to its very effective knockdown of angiotensinogen, without causing acute kidney injury or hyperkalemia. By contrast, IONIS-AGT-LRX caused less knockdown and marginal effects on BP. Future studies should evaluate any loss of efficacy relating to antidrug antibodies, safety issues associated with long-term angiotensinogen suppression, and broader benefits, especially in the context of common comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisande L Addison
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (M.L.A., P.R., D.J.W.)
| | - Priyanga Ranasinghe
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (M.L.A., P.R., D.J.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka (P.R.)
| | - David J Webb
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (M.L.A., P.R., D.J.W.)
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34
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Choi JS, Kim JY, Ahn MJ, Jang H, Song S, Choi SH, Park YS, Jo S, Kim TH, Shim SC. Angiotensin receptor blockers, but not angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, inhibit abnormal bone changes in spondyloarthritis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2346-2356. [PMID: 37907743 PMCID: PMC10689434 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that results in bone ankylosis. The tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an emerging pathway potentially implicated in SpA-associated bone changes. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Sakaguchi (SKG) mice injected with curdlan (SKGc), animal models for SpA, were treated with RAS modulators, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis). Disease activity was assessed using clinical scores and computed tomography scans. Mouse primary bone marrow monocytes (BMMs), osteoblast (OB) progenitor cells, peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs), and bone-derived cells (BdCs) from patients with radiographic axial SpA (r-axSpA) were used to investigate the role of RAS in SpA pathogenesis. The expression of RAS components was significantly increased in SKGc mouse joints, and ARBs significantly reduced erosion and systemic bone loss, whereas ACEis did not. Osteoclast (OC) differentiation from primary BMMs, mediated by TRAF6, was inhibited by ARBs but promoted by ACEis; the modulators also exerted opposite effects on OB differentiation. Expression of RAS molecules was higher in PBMCs and BdCs of patients with r-axSpA than in control participants. ARBs inhibited OB differentiation in the BdCs of patients with r-axSpA, whereas ACEis did not. Neither ARBs nor ACEis affected OB differentiation in the control participants. In SpA, a condition characterized by RAS overexpression, ARBs, but not ACEis, inhibited OC and OB differentiation and bone progression. The findings should be taken into account when treating patients with SpA using RAS modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Regional Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Regional Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Joo Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Regional Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbit Jang
- Division of Rheumatology, Regional Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungtaek Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Regional Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Soo Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Regional Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
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Massold T, Ibrahim F, Niemann V, Steckel B, Becker K, Schrader J, Stegbauer J, Temme S, Grandoch M, Flögel U, Bouvain P. CD73 deficiency does not aggravate angiotensin II-induced aortic inflammation in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17125. [PMID: 37816827 PMCID: PMC10564884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation plays a key role in the development of aortic diseases. A potential novel target for treatment might be CD73, an ecto-5'-nucleotidase that generates anti-inflammatory adenosine in the extracellular space. Here, we investigated whether a lack of CD73 results in enhanced aortic inflammation. To this end, angiotensin II was infused into wildtype and CD73-/- mice over 10 days. Before and after infusion, mice were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, flow cytometry, and histology. The impact of age and gender was investigated using female and male mice of three and six months of age, respectively. Angiotensin II infusion led to increased immune cell infiltration in both genotypes' aortae, but depletion of CD73 had no impact on immune cell recruitment. These findings were not modified by age or sex. No substantial difference in morphological or functional characteristics could be detected between wildtype and CD73-/- mice. Interestingly, the expression of CD73 on neutrophils decreased significantly in wildtype mice during treatment. In summary, we have found no evidence that CD73 deficiency affects the onset of aortic inflammation. However, as CD73 expression decreased during disease induction, an increase in CD73 by pharmaceutical intervention might result in lower vascular inflammation and less vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Massold
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fady Ibrahim
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Viola Niemann
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Steckel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Becker
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, Endothelial Signaling and Metabolism, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Pascal Bouvain
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Villapol S, Janatpour ZC, Affram KO, Symes AJ. The Renin Angiotensin System as a Therapeutic Target in Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1565-1591. [PMID: 37759139 PMCID: PMC10684482 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, with limited pharmacological options available beyond symptomatic relief. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is primarily known as a systemic endocrine regulatory system, with major roles controlling blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. Drugs that target the RAS are used to treat hypertension, heart failure and kidney disorders. They have now been used chronically by millions of people and have a favorable safety profile. In addition to the systemic RAS, it is now appreciated that many different organ systems, including the brain, have their own local RAS. The major ligand of the classic RAS, Angiotensin II (Ang II) acts predominantly through the Ang II Type 1 receptor (AT1R), leading to vasoconstriction, inflammation, and heightened oxidative stress. These processes can exacerbate brain injuries. Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs) are AT1R antagonists. They have been shown in several preclinical studies to enhance recovery from TBI in rodents through improvements in molecular, cellular and behavioral correlates of injury. ARBs are now under consideration for clinical trials in TBI. Several different RAS peptides that signal through receptors distinct from the AT1R, are also potential therapeutic targets for TBI. The counter regulatory RAS pathway has actions that oppose those stimulated by AT1R signaling. This alternative pathway has many beneficial effects on cells in the central nervous system, bringing about vasodilation, and having anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress actions. Stimulation of this pathway also has potential therapeutic value for the treatment of TBI. This comprehensive review will provide an overview of the various components of the RAS, with a focus on their direct relevance to TBI pathology. It will explore different therapeutic agents that modulate this system and assess their potential efficacy in treating TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Villapol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary C Janatpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kwame O Affram
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Aviva J Symes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Bertoldi G, Caputo I, Calò L, Rossitto G. Lymphatic vessels and the renin-angiotensin-system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H837-H855. [PMID: 37565265 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00023.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is an integral part of the circulatory system and plays an important role in the fluid homeostasis of the human body. Accumulating evidence has recently suggested the involvement of lymphatic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cardio-reno-vascular (CRV) disease. However, how the sophisticated contractile machinery of lymphatic vessels is modulated and, possibly impaired in CRV disease, remains largely unknown. In particular, little attention has been paid to the effect of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) on lymphatics, despite the high concentration of RAS mediators that these tissue-draining vessels are exposed to and the established role of the RAS in the development of classic microvascular dysfunction and overt CRV disease. We herein review recent studies linking RAS to lymphatic function and/or plasticity and further highlight RAS-specific signaling pathways, previously shown to drive adverse arterial remodeling and CRV organ damage that have potential for direct modulation of the lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bertoldi
- Emergency and Hypertension Unit, DIMED, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Nephrology Unit, DIMED, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caputo
- Emergency and Hypertension Unit, DIMED, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Calò
- Nephrology Unit, DIMED, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossitto
- Emergency and Hypertension Unit, DIMED, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Kubota H, Kunisawa K, Wulaer B, Hasegawa M, Kurahashi H, Sakata T, Tezuka H, Kugita M, Nagao S, Nagai T, Furuyashiki T, Narumiya S, Saito K, Nabeshima T, Mouri A. High salt induces cognitive impairment via the interaction of the angiotensin II-AT 1 and prostaglandin E2-EP 1 systems. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2393-2411. [PMID: 37076133 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE High salt (HS) intake has been associated with hypertension and cognitive impairment. It is well known that the angiotensin II (Ang II)-AT1 receptor and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-EP1 receptor systems are involved in hypertension and neurotoxicity. However, the involvement of these systems in HS-mediated hypertension and emotional and cognitive impairments remains unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were loaded with HS solution (2% NaCl drinking water) for 12 weeks, and blood pressure was monitored. Subsequently, effects of HS intake on emotional and cognitive function and tau phosphorylation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) were investigated. The involvement of Ang II-AT1 and PGE2-EP1 systems in HS-induced hypertension and neuronal and behavioural impairments was examined by treatment with losartan, an AT1 receptor blocker (ARB), or EP1 gene knockout. KEY RESULTS We demonstrate that hypertension and impaired social behaviour and object recognition memory following HS intake may be associated with tau hyperphosphorylation, decreased phosphorylation of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) expression in the PFC and HIP of mice. These changes were blocked by pharmacological treatment with losartan or EP1 receptor gene knockout. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that the interaction of Ang II-AT1 receptor and PGE2-EP1 receptor systems could be novel therapeutic targets for hypertension-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayoshi Kubota
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kunisawa
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Bolati Wulaer
- Laboratory of Health and Medical Science Innovation (HMSI), Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaya Hasegawa
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kurahashi
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Sakata
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masanori Kugita
- Education and Research Facility of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shizuko Nagao
- Education and Research Facility of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuyashiki
- Division of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Laboratory of Health and Medical Science Innovation (HMSI), Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Health and Medical Science Innovation (HMSI), Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Wafi AM. Nrf2 and autonomic dysregulation in chronic heart failure and hypertension. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1206527. [PMID: 37719456 PMCID: PMC10500196 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1206527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance plays essential role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Chronic heart failure (CHF) and hypertension are associated with central oxidative stress, which is partly mediated by the downregulation of antioxidant enzymes in the central autonomic neurons that regulate sympathetic outflow, resulting in sympathoexcitation. Antioxidant proteins are partially regulated by the transcriptional factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Downregulation of Nrf2 is key to disrupting central redox homeostasis and mediating sympathetic nerve activity in the setting of Chronic heart failure and hypertension. Nrf2, in turn, is regulated by various mechanisms, such as extracellular vesicle-enriched microRNAs derived from several cell types, including heart and skeletal muscle. In this review, we discuss the role of Nrf2 in regulating oxidative stress in the brain and its impact on sympathoexcitation in Chronic heart failure and hypertension. Importantly, we also discuss interorgan communication via extracellular vesicle pathways that mediate central redox imbalance through Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Wafi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
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40
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Daniel EA, Sommer NA, Sharma M. Polycystic kidneys: interaction of notch and renin. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1145-1150. [PMID: 37553961 PMCID: PMC11132639 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a developmental disorder, which either manifests in early childhood or later in life, depending on the genetic mutation one harbors. The mechanisms of cyst initiation are not well understood. Increasing literature is now suggesting that Notch signaling may play a critical role in PKD. Activation of Notch signaling is important during nephrogenesis and slows down after development. Deletion of various Notch molecules in the cap mesenchyme leads to formation of cysts and early death in mice. A new study by Belyea et al. has now found that cells of renin lineage may link Notch expression and cystic kidney disease. Here, we use our understanding of Notch signaling and PKD to speculate about the significance of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Daniel
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, U.S.A
| | - Nicole A Sommer
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, U.S.A
| | - Madhulika Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, U.S.A
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Shabani Z, Liu J, Su H. Vascular Dysfunctions Contribute to the Long-Term Cognitive Deficits Following COVID-19. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1106. [PMID: 37626992 PMCID: PMC10451811 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded RNA virus and a member of the corona virus family, primarily affecting the upper respiratory system and the lungs. Like many other respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 can spread to other organ systems. Apart from causing diarrhea, another very common but debilitating complication caused by SARS-CoV-2 is neurological symptoms and cognitive difficulties, which occur in up to two thirds of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and range from shortness of concentration and overall declined cognitive speed to executive or memory function impairment. Neuro-cognitive dysfunction and "brain fog" are frequently present in COVID-19 cases, which can last several months after the infection, leading to disruption of daily life. Cumulative evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 affects vasculature in the extra-pulmonary systems directly or indirectly, leading to impairment of endothelial function and even multi-organ damage. The post COVID-19 long-lasting neurocognitive impairments have not been studied fully and their underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the effects of COVID-19 on vascular dysfunction and how vascular dysfunction leads to cognitive impairment in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shabani
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California (San Francisco), San Francisco, CA 94131, USA;
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California (San Francisco), San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
| | - Jialing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California (San Francisco), San Francisco, CA 94131, USA;
| | - Hua Su
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California (San Francisco), San Francisco, CA 94131, USA;
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California (San Francisco), San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
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42
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Ahmadi S, Khaledi S. Brain Renin-Angiotensin System: From Physiology to Pathology in Neuronal Complications Induced by SARS-CoV-2. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2023; 2023:8883492. [PMID: 37575318 PMCID: PMC10421715 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8883492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a key enzyme in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is expressed in various tissues and organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), binds to ACE2, which raises concerns about the potential for viral infection in the CNS. There are numerous reports suggesting a link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurological manifestations. This study aimed to present an updated review of the role of brain RAS components, especially ACE2, in neurological complications induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the brain have been proposed. Because an anosmia condition appeared broadly in COVID-19 patients, the olfactory nerve route was suggested as an early pathway for SARS-CoV-2 entry into the brain. In addition, a hematogenous route via disintegrations in the blood-brain barrier following an increase in systemic cytokine and chemokine levels and retrograde axonal transport, especially via the vagus nerve innervating lungs, have been described. Common nonspecific neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients are myalgia, headache, anosmia, and dysgeusia. However, more severe outcomes include cerebrovascular diseases, cognitive impairment, anxiety, encephalopathy, and stroke. Alterations in brain RAS components such as angiotensin II (Ang II) and ACE2 mediate neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, at least in part. Downregulation of ACE2 due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, followed by an increase in Ang II levels, leads to hyperinflammation and oxidative stress, which in turn accelerates neurodegeneration in the brain. Furthermore, ACE2 downregulation in the hypothalamus induces stress and anxiety responses by increasing corticotropin-releasing hormone. SARS-CoV-2 infection may also dysregulate the CNS neurotransmission, leading to neurological complications observed in severe cases of COVID-19. It can be concluded that the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 may be partially associated with changes in brain RAS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamseddin Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shiler Khaledi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Bardhan P, Yang T. Sexual Dimorphic Interplays Between Gut Microbiota and Antihypertensive Drugs. Curr Hypertens Rep 2023; 25:163-172. [PMID: 37199902 PMCID: PMC10193343 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The purpose of this study is to review the current literature regarding gut microbiota in blood pressure regulation and its interactions with antihypertensive drugs and to discuss how sex differences in gut microbiota contribute to sexual dimorphism of hypertension and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The significance of gut microbiota in blood pressure regulation and hypertension etiology is growingly recognized. Targeting the dysbiotic microbiota is proposed to be a new therapeutic method. Recently, a few studies demonstrated that the gut microbiota is highly involved in the modulation of the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs, suggesting a novel mechanism by which gut microbiota plays a role in treatment-resistant hypertension. Furthermore, studies on sex differences in gut microbiota, etiology of hypertension, and sex bias in prescription of antihypertensive medications have revealed promising avenues in sexual dimorphism-based precision medicine. However, no scientific questions are ever raised on how sex differences in gut microbiota contribute to the sex specific responses of certain classes of antihypertensive drugs. Given the dynamics and complexity among individuals, precision medicine is proposed of great potential. We review current knowledge on the interactions between gut microbiota, hypertension, and antihypertensive drugs with an emphasis on sex as a crucial determinant. We propose that sex differences in gut microbiota be a research focus to advance our understanding of hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Bardhan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus Block Health Science Bldg, Room 310, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus Block Health Science Bldg, Room 310, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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Liu C, Wang X, Parris C, Pang Q, Naeem MU, Wang L. Macula Densa Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 Controls Renin Release and Renin-Dependent Blood Pressure Changes. DISCOVERY MEDICINE 2023; 35:525-532. [PMID: 37553306 PMCID: PMC10921921 DOI: 10.24976/discov.med.202335177.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of macula densa nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) in the regulation of renin release is controversial. This study was conducted to further elucidate the role of macula densa NOS1 in renin release and blood pressure regulation in response to salt challenges and hemorrhagic shock. METHODS To investigate the specific role of NOS1 in the macula densa within the kidney in response to varying sodium concentrations in the diet, tissue macula densa-specific NOS1 knockout (MD-NOS1KO) and wild type (WT) mice were subjected to sequential low (0.1% NaCl) and high (1.4% NaCl) sodium diets. Separate groups of mice, consisting of both MD-NOS1KO subgroup and WT subgroup, were induced hemorrhagic shock by retro-orbital bleeding of 12 mL blood/kg body weight. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured by a radio-telemetry system. Plasma renin concentration (PRC) was measured with the radioimmunoassay for both sodium diet and hemorrhagic shock experiments. RESULTS PRCs were 371 ± 95 and 411 ± 68 ng/mL/hr in WT and MD-NOS1KO mice fed a normal sodium diet, respectively. Low salt intake stimulated an increase in the renin release by about 260% in WT mice (PRC = 1364 ± 217 ng/mL/hr, p < 0.0001) compared to the PRC under normal salt diet. However, the stimulation was significantly blunted in MD-NOS1KO mice (PRC = 678 ± 104 ng/mL/hr, p < 0.001). High salt intake suppressed the PRC to about 61% of the PRC level under a normal salt diet (p < 0.0001). Deletion of macula densa NOS1 further inhibited renin release to 33% of the levels of a normal salt diet. Hemorrhagic shock induced about a 3-fold increase in PRC in WT mice, but only about a 54% increase in the MD-NOS1KO mice (p < 0.0001). The MAP values were substantially greater in WT mice than in MD-NOS1KO mice within the first 6 hours following hemorrhagic shock (p < 0.001). Thus, WT mice showed a much quicker recovery in MAP than MD-NOS1KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that macula densa NOS1 plays an important role in mediating renin release. This mechanism is essential in maintaining blood pressure under hypovolemic situations such as hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Colby Parris
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Muhammad Usman Naeem
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Jiang K, Greenberg JH, Abraham A, Xu Y, Schelling JR, Feldman HI, Schrauben SJ, Waikar SS, Shlipak MG, Wettersten N, Coca SG, Vasan RS, Gutierrez OM, Ix JH, Warady BA, Kimmel PL, Bonventre JV, Parikh CR, Mitsnefes MM, Denburg MR, Furth S. Associations of Biomarkers of Kidney Tubule Health, Injury, and Inflammation with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Children with CKD. KIDNEY360 2023; 4:1039-1047. [PMID: 37303083 PMCID: PMC10476681 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Key Points Higher plasma and urine kidney injury molecule-1, urine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and lower urine alpha-1-microglobulin were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, even after adjustment for confounders. Biomarkers of tubular injury, dysfunction, and inflammation may indicate the severity of kidney pathology and are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Background Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in children with CKD and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. We have shown that several plasma and urine biomarkers are associated with increased risk of CKD progression. As CKD is associated with LVH, we sought to investigate the association between the biomarkers and LVH. Methods In the CKD in Children Cohort Study, children aged 6 months to 16 years with an eGFR of 30–90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 were enrolled at 54 centers in the United States and Canada. We measured plasma biomarkers kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), tumor necrosis factor receptor-1, tumor necrosis factor receptor-2, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and urine KIM-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), YKL-40, alpha-1-microglobulin (alpha-1m), and epidermal growth factor in stored plasma and urine collected 5 months after enrollment. Echocardiograms were performed 1 year after enrollment. We assessed the cross-sectional association between the log2 biomarker levels and LVH (left ventricular mass index greater than or equal to the 95th percentile) using a Poisson regression model, adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, hypertension, glomerular diagnosis, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, and eGFR at study entry. Results Among the 504 children, LVH prevalence was 12% (n =59) 1 year after enrollment. In a multivariable-adjusted model, higher plasma and urine KIM-1 and urine MCP-1 concentrations were associated with a higher prevalence of LVH (plasma KIM-1 prevalence ratio [PR] per log2: 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.58; urine KIM-1 PR: 1.21, 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.48; and urine MCP-1 PR: 1.18, 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.34). After multivariable adjustment for covariates, lower urine alpha-1m was also associated with a higher prevalence of LVH (PR: 0.90, 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.99). Conclusions Higher plasma and urine KIM-1, urine MCP-1, and lower urine alpha-1m were each associated with LVH prevalence in children with CKD. These biomarkers may better inform risk and help elucidate the pathophysiology of LVH in pediatric CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Jiang
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Alison Abraham
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yunwen Xu
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Harold I. Feldman
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah J. Schrauben
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Steven G. Coca
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Joachim H. Ix
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Furth
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Wang J, Li D, Zhang Y, Xing D, Lei Z, Jiao X. Angiotensin II type 1a receptor knockout ameliorates high-fat diet-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1380-1392. [PMID: 37501512 PMCID: PMC10520472 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related cardiovascular diseases are associated with overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigate the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiac dysfunction by focusing on cardiac glucose and lipid metabolism and energy supply. Ang II plays a role in cardiovascular regulation mainly by stimulating angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), among which AT1aR is the most important subtype in regulating the function of the cardiovascular system. AT1aR gene knockout (AT1aR ‒/‒) rats and wild-type (WT) rats are randomly divided into four groups and fed with either a normal diet (ND) or a HFD for 12 weeks. The myocardial lipid content, Ang II level and cardiac function are then evaluated. The expressions of a number of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial dynamics are measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Our results demonstrate that AT1aR knockout improves HFD-induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia as well as lipid deposition and left ventricular dysfunction compared with WT rats fed a HFD. In addition, after feeding with HFD, AT1aR ‒/‒ rats not only show further improvement in glucose and fatty acid oxidation but also have a reverse effect on increased mitochondrial fission proteins. In conclusion, AT1aR deficiency ameliorates HFD-induced cardiac dysfunction by enhancing glucose and fatty acid oxidation, regulating mitochondrial dynamics-related protein changes, and further promoting cardiac energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Dongxue Li
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Yan Zhang
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Dehai Xing
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Zhandong Lei
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Xiangying Jiao
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
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Spahic JM, Mattisson IY, Hamrefors V, Johansson M, Ricci F, Nilsson J, Melander O, Sutton R, Fedorowski A. Evidence for Impaired Renin Activity in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4660. [PMID: 37510775 PMCID: PMC10380257 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a heterogeneous condition predominantly affecting autonomic control of the cardiovascular system. Its extensive symptom diversity implies multi-organ involvement that interacts in ways still requiring full exploration. Current understanding of POTS pathophysiology suggests alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as a possible contributing factor. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and hemodynamic parameters in a cohort of POTS patients and controls recruited at a tertiary referral center. METHODS The case-control study included 46 patients with POTS (27 ± 9 years), and 48 healthy controls (30 ± 9 years) without orthostatic intolerance. Plasma renin activity, expressed as angiotensin I generation, and plasma aldosterone were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were correlated with hemodynamic parameters obtained during active standing tests. RESULTS Renin activity was significantly downregulated in POTS patients compared to healthy individuals (median, 3406 ng/mL vs. 9949 ng/mL, p < 0.001), whereas aldosterone concentration did not differ between POTS and healthy controls (median, 218 pmol/L vs. 218 pmol/L, p = 0.26). A significant inverse correlation between renin activity and supine and orthostatic blood pressure levels was observed in healthy individuals (p < 0.05 for all), but not in POTS patients. CONCLUSIONS Renin activity, but not aldosterone concentration, is downregulated in patients with POTS. Moreover, renin activity in POTS is dissociated from supine and standing blood pressure levels in contrast to healthy individuals. These findings suggest impaired renin function in POTS, which may direct future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid Yao Mattisson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Viktor Hamrefors
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Fabrizio Ricci
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, 65013 Città Sant'Angelo, Italy
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Richard Sutton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Artur Fedorowski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Rodrigues AF, Todiras M, Qadri F, Alenina N, Bader M. Angiotensin deficient FVB/N mice are normotensive. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1843-1861. [PMID: 36740662 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE All previous rodent models lacking the peptide hormone angiotensin II (Ang II) were hypotensive. A mixed background strain with global deletion of the angiotensinogen gene was backcrossed to the FVB/N background (Agt-KO), a strain preferred for transgenic generation. Surprisingly, the resulting line turned out to be normotensive. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the unique blood pressure regulation of FVB/N mice without angiotensin peptides. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Acute and chronic recordings of blood pressure (BP) in freely-moving adult mice were performed to establish baseline BP. The pressure responses to sympatholytic and sympathomimetic as well as a nitric oxide inhibitor and donor compounds were used to quantify the neurogenic tone and endothelial function. The role of the renal nerves on baseline BP maintenance was tested by renal denervation. Finally, further phenotyping was done by gene expression analysis, histology and measurement of metabolites in plasma, urine and tissues. KEY RESULTS Baseline BP in adult FVB/N Agt-KO was unexpectedly unaltered. As compensatory mechanisms Agt-KO presented an increased sympathetic nerve activity and reduced endothelial nitric oxide production. However, FVB/N Agt-KO exhibited the renal morphological and physiological alterations previously found in mice lacking the production of Ang II including polyuria and hydronephrosis. The hypotensive effect of bilateral renal denervation was blunted in Agt-KO compared to wildtype FVB/N mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We describe a germline Agt-KO line that challenges all previous knowledge on BP regulation in mice with deletion of the classical RAS. This line may represent a model of drug-resistant hypertension because it lacks hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Felipe Rodrigues
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Addison ML, Ranasinghe P, Webb DJ. Emerging insights and future prospects for therapeutic application of siRNA targeting angiotensinogen in hypertension. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:1025-1033. [PMID: 37897397 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2277330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is the main global risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite this, less than half of treated hypertensive patients are controlled. One reason for this is nonadherence, a major unmet need in hypertension pharmacotherapy. Small interfering RNA (small interfering ribonucleic acid) therapies inhibit protein translation, and, when linked to N-acetylgalactosamine, allow liver-specific targeting, and durability over several months. Targeted knockdown of hepatic angiotensinogen, the source of all angiotensins, offers a precision medicine approach. AREAS COVERED This article describes the molecular basis for durability over months and the 24-h tonic target inhibition observed after one administration. We present an analysis of the published phase I trials using zilebesiran, a siRNA targeting hepatic angiotensinogen, which reduces blood pressure (BP) by up to 20 mmHg, lasting 24 weeks. Finally, we examine data evaluating reversibility of angiotensinogen knockdown and its relevance to the future clinical utility of zilebesiran. EXPERT OPINION Further studies should assess safety, efficacy, and outcomes in larger, more broadly representative groups. An advantage of zilebesiran is the potential for bi-annual dosing, thereby reducing nonadherence and improving control rates. It may also reduce nighttime BP due to 24-h tonic control. The provision of adherence assessment services will maximize the clinical value of zilebesiran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisande L Addison
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Priyanga Ranasinghe
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - David J Webb
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Liu Z, Liu J, Wang W, An X, Luo L, Yu D, Sun W. Epigenetic modification in diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1133970. [PMID: 37455912 PMCID: PMC10348754 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1133970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microangiopathy in diabetic patients and the main cause of death in diabetic patients. The main manifestations of DKD are proteinuria and decreased renal filtration capacity. The glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin level are two of the most important hallmarks of the progression of DKD. The classical treatment of DKD is controlling blood glucose and blood pressure. However, the commonly used clinical therapeutic strategies and the existing biomarkers only partially slow the progression of DKD and roughly predict disease progression. Therefore, novel therapeutic methods, targets and biomarkers are urgently needed to meet clinical requirements. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the role of epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of DKD. Epigenetic variation mainly includes DNA methylation, histone modification and changes in the noncoding RNA expression profile, which are deeply involved in DKD-related inflammation, oxidative stress, hemodynamics, and the activation of abnormal signaling pathways. Since DKD is reversible at certain disease stages, it is valuable to identify abnormal epigenetic modifications as early diagnosis and treatment targets to prevent the progression of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Because the current understanding of the epigenetic mechanism of DKD is not comprehensive, the purpose of this review is to summarize the role of epigenetic modification in the occurrence and development of DKD and evaluate the value of epigenetic therapies in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Public Research Platform, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Public Research Platform, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wanning Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xingna An
- Public Research Platform, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Public Research Platform, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Public Research Platform, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weixia Sun
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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