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Dwivedi A, Ui Mhaonaigh A, Carroll M, Khosravi B, Batten I, Ballantine RS, Hendricken Phelan S, O'Doherty L, George AM, Sui J, Hawerkamp HC, Fallon PG, Noppe E, Mason S, Conlon N, Ni Cheallaigh C, Finlay CM, Little MA, Bioresource OBOTSJATTARS. Emergence of dysfunctional neutrophils with a defect in arginase-1 release in severe COVID-19. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e171659. [PMID: 39253969 PMCID: PMC11385094 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilia occurs in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and is predictive of poor outcomes. Here, we link heterogenous neutrophil populations to disease severity in COVID-19. We identified neutrophils with features of cellular aging and immunosuppressive capacity in mild COVID-19 and features of neutrophil immaturity and activation in severe disease. The low-density neutrophil (LDN) number in circulating blood correlated with COVID-19 severity. Many of the divergent neutrophil phenotypes in COVID-19 were overrepresented in the LDN fraction and were less detectable in normal-density neutrophils. Functionally, neutrophils from patients with severe COVID-19 displayed defects in neutrophil extracellular trap formation and reactive oxygen species production. Soluble factors secreted by neutrophils from these patients inhibited T cell proliferation. Neutrophils from patients with severe COVID-19 had increased expression of arginase-1 protein, a feature that was retained in convalescent patients. Despite this increase in intracellular expression, there was a reduction in arginase-1 release by neutrophils into serum and culture supernatants. Furthermore, neutrophil-mediated T cell suppression was independent of arginase-1. Our results indicate the presence of dysfunctional, activated, and immature neutrophils in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabella Batten
- Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Laura O'Doherty
- Wellcome Trust, Clinical Research Facility
- Department of Infectious Diseases; and
| | | | - Jacklyn Sui
- Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Immunology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Padraic G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Department of Immunology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute; and
| | - Elnè Noppe
- Department of Critical Care, Tallaght University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sabina Mason
- Department of Critical Care, Tallaght University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niall Conlon
- Department of Infectious Diseases; and
- Department of Immunology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Yada N, Zhang Q, Bignotti A, Ye Z, Zheng XL. ADAMTS13 or Caplacizumab Reduces the Accumulation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Thrombus in Whole Blood of COVID-19 Patients under Flow. Thromb Haemost 2024; 124:725-738. [PMID: 38272066 PMCID: PMC11260255 DOI: 10.1055/a-2253-9359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil NETosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a critical role in pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated thrombosis. However, the extents and reserve of NETosis, and potential of thrombus formation under shear in whole blood of patients with COVID-19 are not fully elucidated. Neither has the role of recombinant ADAMTS13 or caplacizumab on the accumulation of NETs and thrombus in COVID-19 patients' whole blood under shear been investigated. METHODS Flow cytometry and microfluidic assay, as well as immunoassays, were employed for the study. RESULTS We demonstrated that the percentage of H3Cit + MPO+ neutrophils, indicative of NETosis, was dramatically increased in patients with severe but not critical COVID-19 compared with that in asymptomatic or mild disease controls. Upon stimulation with poly [I:C], a double strain DNA mimicking viral infection, or bacterial shigatoxin-2, the percentage of H3Cit + MPO+ neutrophils was not significantly increased in the whole blood of severe and critical COVID-19 patients compared with that of asymptomatic controls, suggesting the reduction in NETosis reserve in these patients. Microfluidic assay demonstrated that the accumulation of NETs and thrombus was significantly enhanced in the whole blood of severe/critical COVID-19 patients compared with that of asymptomatic controls. Like DNase I, recombinant ADAMTS13 or caplacizumab dramatically reduced the NETs accumulation and thrombus formation under arterial shear. CONCLUSION Significantly increased neutrophil NETosis, reduced NETosis reserve, and enhanced thrombus formation under arterial shear may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Recombinant ADAMTS13 or caplacizumab may be explored for the treatment of COVID-19-associated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Yada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kanas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kanas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Antonia Bignotti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kanas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Zhan Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kanas City, Kansas, United States
| | - X. Long Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kanas City, Kansas, United States
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Developmental Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kanas City, Kansas, United States
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3
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Jones C, La Flamme A, Larsen P, Hally K. CPHEN-017: Comprehensive phenotyping of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on peripheral human neutrophils. Cytometry A 2024. [PMID: 38867433 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
With the recent discovery of their ability to produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), neutrophils are increasingly appreciated as active participants in infection and inflammation. NETs are characterized as large, web-like networks of DNA and proteins extruded from neutrophils, and there is considerable interest in how these structures drive disease in humans. Advancing research in this field is contingent on developing novel tools for quantifying NETosis. To this end, we have developed a 7-marker flow cytometry panel for analyzing NETosis on human peripheral neutrophils following in vitro stimulation, and in fresh circulating neutrophils under inflammatory conditions. This panel was optimized on neutrophils isolated from whole blood and analyzed fresh or in vitro stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or ionomycin, two known NET-inducing agonists. Neutrophils were identified as SSChighFSChighCD15+CD66b+. Neutrophils positive for amine residues and 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD), our DNA dye of choice, were deemed necrotic (Zombie-NIR+7-AAD+) and were removed from downstream analysis. Exclusion of Zombie-NIR and positivity for 7-AAD (Zombie-NIRdim7-AAD+) was used here as a marker of neutrophil-appendant DNA, a key feature of NETs. The presence of two NET-associated proteins - myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) - were utilized to identify neutrophil-appendant NET events (SSChighFSChighCD15+CD66b+Zombie NIRdim7-AAD+MPO+NE+). We also demonstrate that NETotic neutrophils express citrullinated histone H3 (H3cit), are concentration-dependently induced by in vitro PMA and ionomycin stimulation but are disassembled with DNase treatment, and are present in both chronic and acute inflammation. This 7-color flow cytometry panel provides a novel tool for examining NETosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceridwyn Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Anne La Flamme
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Peter Larsen
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn Hally
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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4
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Yada N, Zhang Q, Bignotti A, Gralnek SH, Sosnovske D, Hogan K, Ye Z, Zheng L, Zheng XL. Targeting neutrophil extracellular trap accumulation under flow in patients with immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2536-2551. [PMID: 38513079 PMCID: PMC11131081 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neutrophil NETosis is a unique form of cell death, characterized by the release of decondensed chromatin and antimicrobial contents to the extracellular space, which is involved in inflammation and thrombosis. However, the role of NETosis in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) and how a targeted therapy affects the accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) under flow remain unknown. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the percentage of neutrophils undergoing NETosis in whole blood from patients with iTTP on admission was significantly increased, with a concurrent decrease in the capacity of inducible NETosis by shigatoxin. After therapy, the percentage of H3Cit+MPO+ neutrophils was significantly reduced, with an improvement in inducible NETosis in these patients. Additionally, little to no NET and thrombus formation was detected underflow in the whole blood from patients with iTTP when platelet counts were very low, but the NET and thrombus formation was dramatically increased following therapy when platelet counts rose to ≥50 × 109/L or were restored to normal with donor platelets. Similarly, there was no thrombus or NET accumulation under flow in the whole blood from vwf-/- mice, but NET accumulation was significantly higher in Adamts13-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Finally, recombinant ADAMTS13 or caplacizumab (or anfibatide) prevented NET and thrombus formation under flow in whole blood from patients with iTTP or from Adamts13-/- mice. These results indicate that neutrophil NETosis and NET formation depend on platelets and von Willebrand factor (VWF) in iTTP, and a targeted therapy such as recombinant ADAMTS13 or caplacizumab may prevent NET and thrombus formation under flow in iTTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Yada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Antonia Bignotti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Sarah H. Gralnek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Dennis Sosnovske
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Keenan Hogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Zhan Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Developmental Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - X. Long Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Developmental Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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5
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King PT, Dousha L. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Respiratory Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2390. [PMID: 38673662 PMCID: PMC11051312 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular traps made by neutrophils (NETs) and other leukocytes such as macrophages and eosinophils have a key role in the initial immune response to infection but are highly inflammatory and may contribute to tissue damage. They are particularly relevant to lung disease, with the pulmonary anatomy facilitating their ability to fully extend into the airways/alveolar space. There has been a rapid expansion in the number of published studies demonstrating their role in a variety of important respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, asthma, pneumonia, COVID-19, rhinosinusitis, interstitial lung disease and lung cancer. The expression of NETs and other traps is a specific process, and diagnostic tests need to differentiate them from other inflammatory pathways/causes of cell death that are also characterised by the presence of extracellular DNA. The specific targeting of this pathway by relevant therapeutics may have significant clinical benefit; however, current clinical trials/evidence are at a very early stage. This review will provide a broad overview of the role of NETs and their possible treatment in respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T. King
- Monash Lung, Sleep, Allergy and Immunology, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Lovisa Dousha
- Monash Lung, Sleep, Allergy and Immunology, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
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Jin Y, Minten C, Jenkins M, Jones L, Gorbet M. Investigation of the rhythmic recruitment of tear neutrophils to the ocular surface and their phenotypes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7061. [PMID: 38528025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of thousands of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are collected from the ocular surface upon waking, while few are harvested during daytime. This study aimed to investigate potential factors contributing to the circadian infiltration of tear PMNs, including changes in IL-8 and C5a in tears, and their phenotypes across different time points in a 24-h cycle. Tear PMNs were collected using a gentle eyewash after 2-h and 7-h of sleep (eye closure, EC) at night, after 2-h EC during the day, and towards the end of the afternoon. Significantly fewer cells were collected after 2-h EC during the day compared to 2-h EC at night. A positive correlation between IL-8 and PMN numbers existed, but not with C5a. Tear PMNs collected after 2-h EC at night were less degranulated and possessed a larger activation potential compared to 7-h EC. Tear PMNs from 7-h EC at night exhibited hyper-segmented nuclei and more NETosis compared to 2 h EC night, indicating an aged and activated phenotype. The diurnal-nocturnal recruitment pattern of tear PMNs may be driven by increased IL-8 in nighttime tears. Higher degranulation and NETs point to the significant activation of tear PMNs on the ocular surface during prolonged eye closure at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Jin
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Ceili Minten
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Mara Jenkins
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Lyndon Jones
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Maud Gorbet
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
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7
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Osorio M, Velásquez I, Vargas R, Vanegas-García A, Rojas M, Vásquez G, Muñoz-Vahos C. NETosis Secondary to the Use of Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine: A Likely Underlying Mechanism of Vasculopathy. J Toxicol 2024; 2024:7388799. [PMID: 38434602 PMCID: PMC10904679 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7388799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Since 2010, several cases of a new vasculopathy induced by the use of levamisole-adulterated cocaine (LAC) have been reported. This vasculopathy is characterized by retiform purpura, earlobe necrosis, multisystem compromise, and multiple autoantibodies. Given its similarity to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, LAC-associated vasculopathy is postulated to be mediated by pathophysiologic processes resulting from neutrophil cell death by NETosis, a phenomenon previously described in ANCA vasculitis. This study tries to establish the presence of NETosis induced by cocaine, levamisole, or both. Methodology. Neutrophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy controls by Ficoll-Hystopaque density gradient centrifugation followed by dextran sedimentation. Cell viability and purity were evaluated by flow cytometry after staining with PI/DiOC6 and labeling with fluorescent anti-CD45/anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), respectively. Neutrophils were exposed to levamisole, cocaine, a cocaine-levamisole mixture, and sera pools from healthy controls and patients with LAC-associated vasculopathy. NETosis was then assessed by flow cytometry after staining cells with Sytox Green, Hoechst-33342, and fluorescent antineutrophil elastase (NE) and antimyeloperoxidase (MPO) mAbs. In addition, NETosis was morphologically confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Proinflammatory cytokine levels in culture supernatants and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis were determined by flow cytometry. The involvement of calcium and muscarinic receptors in cell death induction was evaluated in parallel experiments carried out in the presence of 1,2-bis (o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) and hyoscine butylbromide (HBB), their respective inhibitors. Results Cocaine, levamisole, and a cocaine-levamisole mixture induced neutrophil cell death. DNA/MPO extrusion and cell morphology patterns were consistent with NETosis. Neither proinflammatory cytokines nor ROS behaved as proNETotic factors. Preliminary results suggested that muscarinic receptors and calcium-dependent signals were involved in LAC-induced NETosis. Conclusions Cocaine, levamisole, and a cocaine-levamisole mixture can induce NETosis through mechanisms involving muscarinic receptors and calcium-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Osorio
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Isabel Velásquez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ruben Vargas
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Adriana Vanegas-García
- Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
- Sección de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria Vásquez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Muñoz-Vahos
- Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
- Sección de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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8
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Mercado-Evans V, Chew C, Serchejian C, Saltzman A, Mejia ME, Zulk JJ, Cornax I, Nizet V, Patras KA. Tamm-Horsfall protein augments neutrophil NETosis during urinary tract infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.01.578501. [PMID: 38370726 PMCID: PMC10871275 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.578501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Urinary neutrophils are a hallmark of urinary tract infection (UTI), yet the mechanisms governing their activation, function, and efficacy in controlling infection remain incompletely understood. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP), the most abundant protein in urine, uses terminal sialic acids to bind an inhibitory receptor and dampen neutrophil inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that neutrophil modulation is an integral part of THP-mediated host protection. In a UTI model, THP-deficient mice showed elevated urinary tract bacterial burdens, increased neutrophil recruitment, and more severe tissue histopathological changes compared to WT mice. Furthermore, THP-deficient mice displayed impaired urinary NETosis during UTI. To investigate the impact of THP on NETosis, we coupled in vitro fluorescence-based NET assays, proteomic analyses, and standard and imaging flow cytometry with peripheral human neutrophils. We found that THP increases proteins involved in respiratory chain, neutrophil granules, and chromatin remodeling pathways, enhances NETosis in an ROS-dependent manner, and drives NET-associated morphologic features including nuclear decondensation. These effects were observed only in the presence of a NETosis stimulus and could not be solely replicated with equivalent levels of sialic acid alone. We conclude that THP is a critical regulator of NETosis in the urinary tract, playing a key role in host defense against UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Mercado-Evans
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Claude Chew
- Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Camille Serchejian
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander Saltzman
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marlyd E. Mejia
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob J. Zulk
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ingrid Cornax
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Patras
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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9
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Tay SH, Zharkova O, Lee HY, Toh MMX, Libau EA, Celhar T, Narayanan S, Ahl PJ, Ong WY, Joseph C, Lim JCT, Wang L, Larbi A, Liang S, Lateef A, Akira S, Ling LH, Thamboo TP, Yeong JPS, Lee BTK, Edwards SW, Wright HL, MacAry PA, Connolly JE, Fairhurst AM. Platelet TLR7 is essential for the formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes and low-density neutrophils in lupus nephritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:551-562. [PMID: 37341646 PMCID: PMC10836995 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Platelets and low-density neutrophils (LDNs) are major players in the immunopathogenesis of SLE. Despite evidence showing the importance of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs) in inflammation, little is known about the relationship between LDNs and platelets in SLE. We sought to characterize the role of LDNs and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in clinical disease. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype LDNs from SLE patients and controls. The association of LDNs with organ damage was investigated in a cohort of 290 SLE patients. TLR7 mRNA expression was assessed in LDNs and high-density neutrophils (HDNs) using publicly available mRNA sequencing datasets and our own cohort using RT-PCR. The role of TLR7 in platelet binding was evaluated in platelet-HDN mixing studies using TLR7-deficient mice and Klinefelter syndrome patients. RESULTS SLE patients with active disease have more LDNs, which are heterogeneous and more immature in patients with evidence of kidney dysfunction. LDNs are platelet bound, in contrast to HDNs. LDNs settle in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) layer due to the increased buoyancy and neutrophil degranulation from platelet binding. Mixing studies demonstrated that this PNC formation was dependent on platelet-TLR7 and that the association results in increased NETosis. The neutrophil:platelet ratio is a useful clinical correlate for LDNs, and a higher NPR is associated with past and current flares of LN. CONCLUSIONS LDNs sediment in the upper PBMC fraction due to PNC formation, which is dependent on the expression of TLR7 in platelets. Collectively, our results reveal a novel TLR7-dependent crosstalk between platelets and neutrophils that may be an important therapeutic opportunity for LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Hee Tay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olga Zharkova
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hui Yin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Michelle Min Xuan Toh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eshele Anak Libau
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teja Celhar
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sriram Narayanan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Patricia Jennifer Ahl
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Wei Yee Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Craig Joseph
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Chun Tatt Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shen Liang
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aisha Lateef
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Joe Poh Seng Yeong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Bernett Teck Kwong Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen L Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Anthony MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - John E Connolly
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Anna-Marie Fairhurst
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Birckhead EM, Das S, Tidd N, Raidal SL, Raidal SR. Visualizing neutrophil extracellular traps in septic equine synovial and peritoneal fluid samples using immunofluorescence microscopy. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:751-760. [PMID: 37661696 PMCID: PMC10621558 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231196552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic synovitis and peritonitis are routinely diagnosed in horses based on clinical examination findings and laboratory assessment of synoviocentesis and abdominocentesis samples, respectively. Diagnosis is difficult in some cases because of an overlap in laboratory results for septic and non-septic inflammation. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is part of the innate immune response against pathogens. Identifying and quantifying NETs, which have not been explored in clinical samples from horses with septic synovitis and peritonitis, to our knowledge, may be helpful in detecting infectious processes. Our main objective was to determine whether NETs could be visualized in septic equine synovial and peritoneal fluid cytology samples using immunofluorescence with antibodies against citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). We analyzed 9 synovial and 4 peritoneal fluid samples. NET percentages were quantified using a simple counting technique, which is suitable for high-quality, well-preserved, and stained cytospin smears. NETs were evident in all septic samples and were absent in a non-septic sample; NETs were better visualized with Cit-H3 than with MPO immunolabeling. Overall, we believe that there is the potential for NETs and associated markers to be used to investigate and understand septic inflammation in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Birckhead
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomie Tidd
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharanne L. Raidal
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Shane R. Raidal
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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11
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Meyer MA, Dinh HQ, Alimadadi A, Araujo DJ, Chatterjee N, Gutierrez NA, Zhu YP, Hunter EL, Liang S, Seumois G, Kiosses WB, Catz SD, Vijayanand P, Ottensmeier C, Hedrick CC. Human CD79b + neutrophils in the blood are associated with early-stage melanoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224045. [PMID: 38022639 PMCID: PMC10643866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Due to their abundance in the blood, low RNA content, and short lifespan, neutrophils have been classically considered to be one homogenous pool. However, recent work has found that mature neutrophils and neutrophil progenitors are composed of unique subsets exhibiting context-dependent functions. In this study, we ask if neutrophil heterogeneity is associated with melanoma incidence and/or disease stage. Experimental design Using mass cytometry, we profiled melanoma patient blood for unique cell surface markers among neutrophils. Markers were tested for their predictiveness using flow cytometry data and random forest machine learning. Results We identified CD79b+ neutrophils (CD3-CD56-CD19-Siglec8-CD203c-CD86LoCD66b+CD79b+) that are normally restricted to the bone marrow in healthy humans but appear in the blood of subjects with early-stage melanoma. Further, we found CD79b+ neutrophils present in tumors of subjects with head and neck cancer. AI-mediated machine learning analysis of neutrophils from subjects with melanoma confirmed that CD79b expression among peripheral blood neutrophils is highly important in identifying melanoma incidence. We noted that CD79b+ neutrophils possessed a neutrophilic appearance but have transcriptional and surface-marker phenotypes reminiscent of B cells. Compared to remaining blood neutrophils, CD79b+ neutrophils are primed for NETosis, express higher levels of antigen presentation-related proteins, and have an increased capacity for phagocytosis. Conclusion Our work suggests that CD79b+ neutrophils are associated with early-stage melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Meyer
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Huy Q. Dinh
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ahmad Alimadadi
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniel J. Araujo
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nandini Chatterjee
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Norma A. Gutierrez
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yanfang Peipei Zhu
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Hunter
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shu Liang
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - William B. Kiosses
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sergio D. Catz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christian Ottensmeier
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine C. Hedrick
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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12
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Vidal-Seguel N, Cabrera C, Ferrada L, Artigas-Arias M, Alegría-Molina A, Sanhueza S, Flores A, Huard N, Sapunar J, Salazar LA, McGregor R, Nova-Lamperti E, Marzuca-Nassr GN. High-intensity interval training reduces the induction of neutrophil extracellular traps in older men using live-neutrophil imaging as biosensor. Exp Gerontol 2023; 181:112280. [PMID: 37659743 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) is a mechanism used by neutrophils to capture pathogens with their own DNA. However, the exacerbation of this immune response is related to serious inflammatory diseases. Aging is known to lead to an excessive increase in NETosis associated with various diseases. Under this scenario, the search for strategies that regulate the release of NETosis in older people becomes relevant. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) involves repeated bouts of relatively intense exercise with alternating short recovery periods. This training has shown beneficial effects on health parameters during aging and disease. However, little is known about the potential role of HIIT in the regulation of NETosis in healthy older people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the induction of NETosis by serum from healthy young and older men, before and after 12 weeks of HIIT using healthy neutrophils as a biosensor. HIIT was performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks in young (YOUNG; 21 ± 1 years, BMI 26.01 ± 2.64 kg⋅m-2, n = 10) and older men (OLDER; 66 ± 5 years, BMI 27.43 ± 3.11 kg⋅m-2, n = 10). Serum samples were taken before and after the HIIT program and NETosis was measured with live cell imaging in donated neutrophils cultured with serum from the participants for 30 h. Our results showed that serum from older men at baseline induced greater baseline NETosis than younger men (p < 0.05; effect size, ≥0.8), and 12 weeks of HIIT significantly reduced (Interaction Effect, p < 0.05; effect size, 0.134) the induction of NETosis in older men. In conclusion, HIIT is a feasible non-invasive training strategy modulating NETosis induction. Additionally, the use of neutrophils as a biosensor is an effective method for the quantification of NETosis induction in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Vidal-Seguel
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Temuco, Chile; Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Morfológicas, Temuco, Chile
| | - Camilo Cabrera
- Molecular and Traslational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Macarena Artigas-Arias
- Universidad de La Frontera, Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrea Alegría-Molina
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sergio Sanhueza
- Molecular and Traslational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alejandra Flores
- Molecular and Traslational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nolberto Huard
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge Sapunar
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Temuco, Chile
| | - Reuben McGregor
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Estefanía Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Traslational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile.
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13
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Casirati G, Cosentino A, Mucci A, Salah Mahmoud M, Ugarte Zabala I, Zeng J, Ficarro SB, Klatt D, Brendel C, Rambaldi A, Ritz J, Marto JA, Pellin D, Bauer DE, Armstrong SA, Genovese P. Epitope editing enables targeted immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukaemia. Nature 2023; 621:404-414. [PMID: 37648862 PMCID: PMC10499609 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the considerable efficacy observed when targeting a dispensable lineage antigen, such as CD19 in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia1,2, the broader applicability of adoptive immunotherapies is hampered by the absence of tumour-restricted antigens3-5. Acute myeloid leukaemia immunotherapies target genes expressed by haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) or differentiated myeloid cells, resulting in intolerable on-target/off-tumour toxicity. Here we show that epitope engineering of donor HSPCs used for bone marrow transplantation endows haematopoietic lineages with selective resistance to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells or monoclonal antibodies, without affecting protein function or regulation. This strategy enables the targeting of genes that are essential for leukaemia survival regardless of shared expression on HSPCs, reducing the risk of tumour immune escape. By performing epitope mapping and library screenings, we identified amino acid changes that abrogate the binding of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting FLT3, CD123 and KIT, and optimized a base-editing approach to introduce them into CD34+ HSPCs, which retain long-term engraftment and multilineage differentiation ability. After CAR T cell treatment, we confirmed resistance of epitope-edited haematopoiesis and concomitant eradication of patient-derived acute myeloid leukaemia xenografts. Furthermore, we show that multiplex epitope engineering of HSPCs is feasible and enables more effective immunotherapies against multiple targets without incurring overlapping off-tumour toxicities. We envision that this approach will provide opportunities to treat relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia and enable safer non-genotoxic conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Casirati
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Andrea Cosentino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan and Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Adele Mucci
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Mohammed Salah Mahmoud
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Iratxe Ugarte Zabala
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jing Zeng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Scott B Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Emergent Drug Targets, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denise Klatt
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Christian Brendel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan and Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Connell and O'Reilly Families Cell Manipulation Core Facility, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Emergent Drug Targets, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danilo Pellin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel E Bauer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pietro Genovese
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Li J, Yin L, Chen S, Li Z, Ding J, Wu J, Yang K, Xu J. The perspectives of NETosis on the progression of obesity and obesity-related diseases: mechanisms and applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221361. [PMID: 37649550 PMCID: PMC10465184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease commonly associated with urbanization and can also be characterized as a systemic, chronic metabolic condition resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified obesity as the most serious chronic disease that is increasingly prevalent in the world population. If left untreated, it can lead to dangerous health issues such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis, and vulnerability to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. The specific mechanisms by which obesity affects the development of these diseases can be refined to the effect on immune cells. Existing studies have shown that the development of obesity and its associated diseases is closely related to the balance or lack thereof in the number and function of various immune cells, of which neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in humans, infiltrating and accumulating in the adipose tissues of obese individuals, whereas NETosis, as a newly discovered type of neutrophil-related cell death, its role in the development of obesity and related diseases is increasingly emphasized. The article reviews the significant role that NETosis plays in the development of obesity and related diseases, such as diabetes and its complications. It discusses the epidemiology and negative impacts of obesity, explains the mechanisms of NETosis, and examines its potential as a targeted drug to treat obesity and associated ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lijia Yin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zelin Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiatong Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kangping Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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15
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Callahan SM, Hancock TJ, Doster RS, Parker CB, Wakim ME, Gaddy JA, Johnson JG. A secreted sirtuin from Campylobacter jejuni contributes to neutrophil activation and intestinal inflammation during infection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2693. [PMID: 37566649 PMCID: PMC10421069 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications control numerous processes in eukaryotes, including inflammation. Some bacterial pathogens alter the activity or expression of host-derived factors, including sirtuins, to modify histones and induce responses that promote infection. In this study, we identified a deacetylase encoded by Campylobacter jejuni which has sirtuin activities and contributes to activation of human neutrophils by the pathogen. This sirtuin is secreted from the bacterium into neutrophils, where it associates with and deacetylates host histones to promote neutrophil activation and extracellular trap production. Using the murine model of campylobacteriosis, we found that a mutant of this bacterial sirtuin efficiently colonized the gastrointestinal tract but was unable to induce cytokine production, gastrointestinal inflammation, and tissue pathology. In conclusion, these results suggest that secreted bacterial sirtuins represent a previously unreported class of bacterial effector and that bacterial-mediated modification of host histones is responsible for the inflammation and pathology that occurs during campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Callahan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Trevor J. Hancock
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37930, USA
| | - Ryan S. Doster
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Caroline B. Parker
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Mary E. Wakim
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeremiah G. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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16
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Lelliott PM, Hobro AJ, Pavillon N, Nishide M, Okita Y, Mizuno Y, Obata S, Nameki S, Yoshimura H, Kumanogoh A, Smith NI. Single-cell Raman microscopy with machine learning highlights distinct biochemical features of neutrophil extracellular traps and necrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10093. [PMID: 37344494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The defining biology that distinguishes neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) from other forms of cell death is unresolved, and techniques which unambiguously identify NETs remain elusive. Raman scattering measurement provides a holistic overview of cell molecular composition based on characteristic bond vibrations in components such as lipids and proteins. We collected Raman spectra from NETs and freeze/thaw necrotic cells using a custom built high-throughput platform which is able to rapidly measure spectra from single cells. Principal component analysis of Raman spectra from NETs clearly distinguished them from necrotic cells despite their similar morphology, demonstrating their fundamental molecular differences. In contrast, classical techniques used for NET analysis, immunofluorescence microscopy, extracellular DNA, and ELISA, could not differentiate these cells. Additionally, machine learning analysis of Raman spectra indicated subtle differences in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced as opposed to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced NETs, demonstrating the molecular composition of NETs varies depending on the stimulant used. This study demonstrates the benefits of Raman microscopy in discriminating NETs from other types of cell death and by their pathway of induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Michael Lelliott
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Alison Jane Hobro
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nicolas Pavillon
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nishide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Okita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Mizuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Obata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nameki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hanako Yoshimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Institute (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nicholas Isaac Smith
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Institute (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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17
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Zhang Y, Song J, Zhang Y, Li T, Peng J, Zhou H, Zong Z. Emerging Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010334. [PMID: 36613779 PMCID: PMC9820455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular fibrous networks consisting of depolymerized chromatin DNA skeletons with a variety of antimicrobial proteins. They are secreted by activated neutrophils and play key roles in host defense and immune responses. Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are globally known for their high mortality and morbidity. Increasing research suggests that NETs contribute to the progression and metastasis of digestive tract tumors, among them gastric, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers. This article explores the formation of NETs and reviews the role that NETs play in the gastrointestinal oncologic microenvironment, tumor proliferation and metastasis, tumor-related thrombosis, and surgical stress. At the same time, we analyze the qualitative and quantitative detection methods of NETs in recent years and found that NETs are specific markers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Then, we explore the possibility of NET inhibitors for the treatment of digestive tract tumor diseases to provide a new, efficient, and safe solution for the future therapy of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- HuanKui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haonan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Methods for the Assessment of NET Formation: From Neutrophil Biology to Translational Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415823. [PMID: 36555464 PMCID: PMC9781911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that a neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, apart from its role in host defense, can contribute to or drive pathogenesis in a wide range of inflammatory and thrombotic disorders. Therefore, NETs may serve as a therapeutic target or/and a diagnostic tool. Here, we compare the most commonly used techniques for the assessment of NET formation. Furthermore, we review recent data from the literature on the application of basic laboratory tools for detecting NET release and discuss the challenges and the advantages of these strategies in NET evaluation. Taken together, we provide some important insights into the qualitative and quantitative molecular analysis of NETs in translational medicine today.
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19
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Hoffmann J, Roesner S, Neubauer A. Rituximab induces a flare-up of activated neutrophil extracellular traps under in vitro conditions. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:860-867. [PMID: 35695816 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2088386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: During neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation granulocytes release a decondensed chromatin web that is studded with antimicrobial proteins. These NET engulf and kill pathogens like bacteria and fungi. NET formation is part of the innate immune response but can also contribute to the aggravation of autoimmune diseases, thrombosis, and cancer metastasis. Anti-NET therapeutics to prevent potentially harmful consequences of excessive NET formation are warranted.Materials and methods: Therefore, we stimulated NET formation with ionomycin in the peripheral blood of 25 healthy individuals and quantified NET with flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy after exposure to five different anti-inflammatory and cytostatic drugs. NET were identified by their expression of myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histone H3, and (extracellular) DNA release.Results: The preliminary in vitro drug screening indicated that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) might suppress (-3.82%), and rituximab might enhance (+10.52%) NET formation. To consolidate the screening results, we quantified NET after exposure to rituximab and ASA in the blood of nine additional healthy subjects. Rituximab showed a significant increased NET formation compared to the neutrophils treated with ASA (a mean of differences 3.96%; 95% CI 1.90-6.03%; p < .01) or compared to neutrophils without treatment (a mean of differences 4.39%; 95% CI 1.17-7.61%; p = .01). Contrary to the screening results ASA showed no significant suppression of NET formation in the consolidation experiments (a mean of differences 0.43%; 95% CI -1.27 to 2.12%; p = .58).Conclusions: We conclude that rituximab therapy might further trigger activated NET formation and should be applied with caution in patients with pro-inflammatory state and underlying autoimmune disease, thrombosis, or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Hoffmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Samira Roesner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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20
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Guzmán-Martínez G, Marañón C. Immune mechanisms associated with cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: A path to potential biomarkers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974826. [PMID: 36420265 PMCID: PMC9677819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients display an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). With the improved clinical management of other classical severe manifestation of the disease, CVD is becoming one of the most relevant complications of SLE, and it is an important factor causing morbidity and mortality. Several immune constituents have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and endothelial damage in SLE patients, including specific circulating cell populations, autoantibodies, and inflammatory mediators. In this review, we summarize the presentation of CVD in SLE and the role of the autoimmune responses present in SLE patients in the induction of atherogenesis, endothelial impairment and cardiac disease. Additionally, we discuss the utility of these immune mediators as early CVD biomarkers and targets for clinical intervention in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Guzmán-Martínez
- Atrys Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Marañón
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
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21
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Liang C, Lian N, Li M. The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in fungal infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:900895. [PMID: 36034717 PMCID: PMC9411525 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.900895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are global public health problems and can lead to substantial human morbidity and mortality. Current antifungal therapy is not satisfactory, especially for invasive, life-threatening fungal infections. Modulating the antifungal capacity of the host immune system is a feasible way to combat fungal infections. Neutrophils are key components of the innate immune system that resist fungal pathogens by releasing reticular extracellular structures called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). When compared with phagocytosis and oxidative burst, NETs show better capability in terms of trapping large pathogens, such as fungi. This review will summarize interactions between fungal pathogens and NETs. Molecular mechanisms of fungi-induced NETs formation and defensive strategies used by fungi are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuting Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ni Lian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Min Li,
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22
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Sakuma M, Wang X, Ellett F, Edd JF, Babatunde KA, Viens A, Mansour MK, Irimia D. Microfluidic capture of chromatin fibres measures neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released in a drop of human blood. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:936-944. [PMID: 35084421 PMCID: PMC8978531 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01123e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the largest population of white blood cells in the circulation, and their primary function is to protect the body from microbes. They can release the chromatin in their nucleus, forming characteristic web structures and trap microbes, contributing to antimicrobial defenses. The chromatin webs are known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Importantly, neutrophils can also release NETs in pathological conditions related to rheumatic diseases, atherosclerosis, cancer, and sepsis. Thus, determining the concentration of NETs in the blood is increasingly important for monitoring patients, evaluating treatment efficacy, and understanding the pathology of various diseases. However, traditional methods for measuring NETs require separating cells and plasma from blood, are prone to sample preparation artifacts, and cannot distinguish between intact and degraded NETs. Here, we design a microfluidic analytical tool that captures NETs mechanically from a drop of blood and measures the amount of intact NETs unbiased by the presence of degraded NETs in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Sakuma
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felix Ellett
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon F Edd
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kehinde Adebayo Babatunde
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Adam Viens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Cho J, Liang S, Lim SHH, Lateef A, Tay SH, Mak A. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio reflect disease activity and flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus - A prospective study. Joint Bone Spine 2022; 89:105342. [PMID: 35032639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2022.105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with disease activity and flares in an inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using a prospective study design. METHODS Consecutive adult patients (age≥21) who fulfilled the 1997 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) or the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaboration Clinic Classification (SLICC) Criteria for SLE were followed every 3 months, with SLE disease activity assessed by using SLEDAI-2K, and disease flares defined and captured by the SELENA-SLEDAI Flare Index (SFI). NLR and PLR were computed from the automated machine-counted blood count differentials. Linear mixed model and generalized estimating equation model were constructed to analyze the associations between NLR/PLR and SLEDAI-2K and disease flares, with multivariate adjustments. RESULTS Of 290 patients recruited, the median (IQR) duration of follow-up and baseline SLEDAI-2K were 4.7 (3.2-6.1) years and 2 (0.5-3.5), respectively. On multivariable analyses, NLR was shown to be positively and significantly associated with SLEDAI-2K (estimate of coefficient (β)=0.05, P<0.01) and severe disease flares (odds ratio [OR] 1.05, P<0.05), but not with overall disease flares [OR 1.02, non-significant]. While PLR was shown to be positively associated with SLEDAI-2K [β=0.09, P<0.05], no statistically significant association between PLR and overall or severe disease flares was found [OR 1.00 and OR 1.06 respectively, non-significant]. CONCLUSION Derived readily from automated blood count differentials, the NLR potentially serves as a surrogate prospective marker of disease activity and severe disease flares in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacai Cho
- Division of Rheumatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Shen Liang
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Sandy H H Lim
- Division of Rheumatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Aisha Lateef
- Division of Rheumatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Woodlands Health, 2 Yishun Central, Singapore 768024, Singapore
| | - Sen Hee Tay
- Division of Rheumatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Anselm Mak
- Division of Rheumatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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24
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Abstract
Studies involving neutrophils are steadily increasing, thus creating a need for more optimized and thorough protocols for studying neutrophil function. Here, we present our protocol for extracting mouse bone marrow neutrophils, estimating the purity of isolated neutrophils, and assessing their ability to induce NETosis upon an external cue. We test two isolation protocols that can be used to attain neutrophils to assess NETosis induction. This approach allows for the parallel assessment of NETosis induction in cohorts larger than 10 samples. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Lu et al., 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra J. McGill
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ryan J. Lu
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Bérénice A. Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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25
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Saito S, Cao DY, Victor AR, Peng Z, Wu HY, Okwan-Duodu D. RASAL3 Is a Putative RasGAP Modulating Inflammatory Response by Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2021; 12:744300. [PMID: 34777356 PMCID: PMC8579101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.744300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As first responder cells in host defense, neutrophils must be carefully regulated to prevent collateral tissue injury. However, the intracellular events that titrate the neutrophil’s response to inflammatory stimuli remain poorly understood. As a molecular switch, Ras activity is tightly regulated by Ras GTPase activating proteins (RasGAP) to maintain cellular active-inactive states. Here, we show that RASAL3, a RasGAP, is highly expressed in neutrophils and that its expression is upregulated by exogenous stimuli in neutrophils. RASAL3 deficiency triggers augmented neutrophil responses and enhanced immune activation in acute inflammatory conditions. Consequently, mice lacking RASAL3 (RASAL3-KO) demonstrate accelerated mortality in a septic shock model via induction of severe organ damage and hyperinflammatory response. The excessive neutrophilic hyperinflammation and increased mortality were recapitulated in a mouse model of sickle cell disease, which we found to have low neutrophil RASAL3 expression upon LPS activation. Thus, RASAL3 functions as a RasGAP that negatively regulates the cellular activity of neutrophils to modulate the inflammatory response. These results demonstrate that RASAL3 could serve as a therapeutic target to regulate excessive inflammation in sepsis and many inflammatory disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Saito
- Bio-fluid Biomarker Center, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Virology, Department of Immunology and Infection, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Duo-Yao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aaron R Victor
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhenzi Peng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui-Ya Wu
- College of Health Science, Trans World University, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Derick Okwan-Duodu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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26
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Monteith AJ, Miller JM, Maxwell CN, Chazin WJ, Skaar EP. Neutrophil extracellular traps enhance macrophage killing of bacterial pathogens. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj2101. [PMID: 34516771 PMCID: PMC8442908 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils and macrophages are critical to the innate immune response, but cooperative mechanisms used by these cells to combat extracellular pathogens are not well understood. This study reveals that S100A9-deficient neutrophils produce higher levels of mitochondrial superoxide in response to Staphylococcus aureus and, as a result, form neutrophil extracellular traps (suicidal NETosis). Increased suicidal NETosis does not improve neutrophil killing of S. aureus in isolation but augments macrophage killing. NET formation enhances antibacterial activity by increasing phagocytosis by macrophages and by transferring neutrophil-specific antimicrobial peptides to them. Similar results were observed in response to other phylogenetically distinct bacterial pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, implicating this as an immune defense mechanism that broadly enhances antibacterial activity. These results demonstrate that achieving maximal bactericidal activity through NET formation requires macrophages and that accelerated and more robust suicidal NETosis makes neutrophils adept at increasing antibacterial activity, especially when A9 deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Monteith
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeanette M. Miller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C. Noel Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Walter J. Chazin
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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27
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Seet D, Allameen NA, Tay SH, Cho J, Mak A. Cognitive Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Immunopathology, Clinical Manifestations, Neuroimaging and Management. Rheumatol Ther 2021; 8:651-679. [PMID: 33993432 PMCID: PMC8217391 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-021-00312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a common yet often clinically subtle manifestation that considerably impacts the health-related quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE). Given the inconsistencies in CD assessment and challenges in its attribution to SLE, the reported prevalence of CD differs widely, ranging from 3 to 88%. The clinical presentation of CD in SLE is non-specific and may manifest concurrently with overt neuropsychiatric illness such as psychosis or mood disorders or as isolated impairment of attention, working memory, executive dysfunction or processing speed. Despite the lack of standardized and sensitive neuropsychological tests and validated diagnostic biomarkers of CD in SLE, significant progress has been made in identifying pathogenic neural pathways and neuroimaging. Furthermore, several autoantibodies, cytokines, pro-inflammatory mediators and metabolic factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of CD in SLE. Abrogation of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and ensuing autoantibody-mediated neurotoxicity, complement and microglial activation remains the widely accepted mechanism of SLE-related CD. Although several functional neuroimaging modalities have consistently demonstrated abnormalities that correlate with CD in SLE patients, a consensus remains to be reached as to their clinical utility in diagnosing CD. Given the multifactorial aetiology of CD, a multi-domain interventional approach that addresses the risk factors and disease mechanisms of CD in a concurrent fashion is the favourable therapeutic direction. While cognitive rehabilitation and exercise training remain important, specific pharmacological agents that target microglial activation and maintain the BBB integrity are potential candidates for the treatment of SLE-related CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Seet
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 10, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
| | - Nur Azizah Allameen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 10, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
| | - Sen Hee Tay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 10, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiacai Cho
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 10, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anselm Mak
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 10, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Barbu EA, Dominical VM, Mendelsohn L, Thein SL. An Imaging Flow Cytometry Method to Measure Citrullination of H4 Histone as a Read-out for Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3927. [PMID: 33732814 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is thought to play a critical role in infections and propagating sterile inflammation. Histone citrullination is an essential and early step in NETs formation, detectable prior to the formation of the hallmark extracellular DNA-scaffolded strands. In addition to the classical microscopy method, new technologies are being developed for studies of NETs and their detection, both for research and clinical purposes. Classical microscopy studies of NETs are subjective, low throughput and semi-quantitative, and limited in their ability to capture the early steps. We have developed this novel Imaging Flow Cytometry (IFC) method that specifically identifies and quantifies citrullination of histone H4 as a NETs marker and its relationship with other alterations at nuclear and cellular level. These include nuclear decondensation and super-condensation, multi-lobulated nuclei versus 1-lobe nuclei and cell membrane damage. NETs markers can be quantified following variable periods of treatment with NETs inducers, prior to the formation of the specific extracellular DNA-scaffolded strands. Because these high throughput image-based cell analysis features can be performed with statistical rigor, this protocol is suited for both experimental and clinical applications as well as clinical evaluations of NETosis as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia A Barbu
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Venina M Dominical
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Laurel Mendelsohn
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
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29
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Buckland RL, Wilson AS, Brüstle A. Quantification of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Isolated From Mouse Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 10:e78. [PMID: 33448704 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One of the most intriguing functions of neutrophils is the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are formed when neutrophils decondense their internal DNA and extrude it along with cytotoxic proteins in a web-like structure. This process allows neutrophils to trap and kill pathogens, and is also associated with multiple hematological and autoimmune conditions. Due to their rapid degradation, there are many challenges in accurately and specifically detecting and quantifying NETs. Microscopy is the gold standard for NET detection, but is not optimal for large-scale screening. Furthermore, methods relying on detection of free DNA or on flow cytometry-based examination of NET-associated markers can be nonspecific, time-consuming, and expensive. Here, we describe an innovative, quick, specific, and inexpensive conventional flow cytometry method for detecting neutrophils on the verge of forming NETs. These methods utilize pulse-shaped analysis (PulSA) to distinguish resting neutrophils from those with decondensed DNA, a prerequisite for NET formation. An increase in DNA-diffuse neutrophils is found in cell populations after exposure to NET-inducing stimuli, consistent with the DNA decondensation expected during neutrophil NET formation. These populations are only observed in granulocytes, validating the specificity of this method. We describe protocols optimized for neutrophils retrieved from mouse blood, spleen, and bone marrow. The relative speed and simplicity of the method described here makes it a useful tool for detecting NET formation in large-scale experiments. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Detection of nuclear decondensation in neutrophils from stimulated murine bone marrow Alternate Protocol 1: Detection of nuclear decondensation in neutrophils from splenocytes Alternate Protocol 2: Detection of nuclear decondensation in neutrophils from blood Support Protocol 1: Cryopreservation and defrosting of samples Support Protocol 2: Paraformaldehyde fixation of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Buckland
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alicia S Wilson
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anne Brüstle
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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30
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IL-17 mediates protective immunity against nasal infection with Bordetella pertussis by mobilizing neutrophils, especially Siglec-F + neutrophils. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1183-1202. [PMID: 33976385 PMCID: PMC8379078 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of protective immunity in the nasal mucosae is central to the design of more effective vaccines that prevent nasal infection and transmission of Bordetella pertussis. We found significant infiltration of IL-17-secreting CD4+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells and Siglec-F+ neutrophils into the nasal tissue during primary infection with B. pertussis. Il17A-/- mice had significantly higher bacterial load in the nasal mucosae, associated with significantly reduced infiltration of Siglec-F+ neutrophils. Re-infected convalescent mice rapidly cleared B. pertussis from the nasal cavity and this was associated with local expansion of IL-17-producing CD4+ TRM cells. Depletion of CD4 T cells from the nasal tissue during primary infection or after re-challenge of convalescent mice significantly delayed clearance of bacteria from the nasal mucosae. Protection was lost in Il17A-/- mice and this was associated with significantly less infiltration of Siglec-F+ neutrophils and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. Finally, depletion of neutrophils reduced the clearance of B. pertussis following re-challenge of convalescent mice. Our findings demonstrate that IL-17 plays a critical role in natural and acquired immunity to B. pertussis in the nasal mucosae and this effect is mediated by mobilizing neutrophils, especially Siglec-F+ neutrophils, which have high neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) activity.
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31
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Ding M, Baker D. Recent advances in high-throughput flow cytometry for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:303-317. [PMID: 33054417 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1826433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-throughput flow cytometry (HTFC) has proven to be an important technology in drug discovery. The use of HTFC enables multi-parametric screening of suspension cells containing heterogenous cell populations and coated particles for screening proteins of interest. Novel targets, novel cell markers and compound clusters for drug development have been identified from HTFC screens. AREAS COVERED In this article, the authors focus on reviewing the recent HTFC applications reported during the last 5-6 years, including drug discovery screens and studies for immune, immune-oncology, infectious and inflammatory diseases. The main HTFC approaches, development of HTFC systems, and automated sample preparation systems for HTFC are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The advance of HTFC technology coupled with automated sample acquisition and sample preparation has demonstrated its utility in screening large numbers of compounds using suspension cells, facilitated screening of disease-relevant human primary cells, and enabled deep understanding of mechanism of action by analyzing multiple parameters. The authors see HTFC as a very valuable tool in immune, immune-oncology, infectious and inflammatory diseases where immune cells play essential roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ding
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Baker
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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32
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Callahan S, Doster R, Kelley BR, Gaddy JA, Johnson JG. Induction of neutrophil extracellular traps by Campylobacter jejuni. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13210. [PMID: 32329205 PMCID: PMC7354212 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial-derived gastroenteritis worldwide and can lead to several post-infectious inflammatory disorders. Despite the prevalence and health impacts of the bacterium, interactions between the host innate immune system and C. jejuni remain poorly understood. To expand on earlier work demonstrating that neutrophils traffic to the site of infection in an animal model of campylobacteriosis, we identified significant increases in several predominantly neutrophil-derived proteins in the faeces of C. jejuni-infected patients, including lipocalin-2, myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase. In addition to demonstrating that these proteins significantly inhibited C. jejuni growth, we determined they are released during formation of C. jejuni-induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we found that purified human neutrophils are activated by C. jejuni and exhibit signatures of NET generation, including presence of protein arginine deiminase-4, histone citrullination, myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase release and DNA extrusion. Production of NETs correlated with C. jejuni phagocytosis/endocytosis and invasion of neutrophils suggesting that host- and bacterial-mediated activities are responsible for NET induction. Further, NET-like structures were observed within intestinal tissue of C. jejuni-infected ferrets. Finally, induction of NETs significantly increased human colonocyte cytotoxicity, indicating that NET formation during C. jejuni infection may contribute to observed tissue pathology. These findings provide further understanding of C. jejuni-neutrophil interactions and inflammatory responses during campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Callahan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Ryan Doster
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brittni R. Kelley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeremiah G. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Barbu EA, Dominical VM, Mendelsohn L, Thein SL. Detection and Quantification of Histone H4 Citrullination in Early NETosis With Image Flow Cytometry Version 4. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1335. [PMID: 32765493 PMCID: PMC7378400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation has been implicated in an increasing number of infectious and non-infectious pathologies. NETosis is a tightly regulated process; the end-stage and read-out is the formation of DNA strands extruded from the nuclei, and traditionally assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Since NETosis has emerged as a possible biomarker of the inflammatory process, there is a need for less time-consuming, consistent, and quantitative approaches to improve its application in clinical assessment of pro-inflammatory conditions. Imaging Flow Cytometry (IFC) combines features of conventional flow cytometry with qualitative power of fluorescence microscopy and has an added advantage of the capability of assessing the early processes leading up to extrusion of the DNA-scaffolded strands. We explored the optimal imaging-based tools that can be used to measure citrullination of H4 in early NETosis. IFC identified and quantified histone 4 citrullination (H4cit3) induced with several known NETosis stimuli (Ionophore, PMA, LPS, Hemin, and IL-8) following treatment periods ranging from 2 to 60 min. Its relationship with other alterations at nuclear and cellular level, such as nuclear decondensation and super-condensation, multi-lobulated nuclei vs. 1-lobe nuclei and cell membrane damage, were also quantified. We show that the early progress of the H4cit3 response in NETosis depends on the stimulus. Our method identifies fast (Ionophore and Hemin), intermediate and slow (PMA) inducers and shows that H4cit3 appears to have a limited contribution to both early LPS- and IL-8-induced NETosis. While this method is rapid and of a higher throughput compared to fluorescence microscopy, detection and quantification is limited to H4cit3-mediated nuclear events and is likely to be stimulus- and signaling pathway dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia A Barbu
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Venina M Dominical
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Laurel Mendelsohn
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Gál Z, Gézsi A, Pállinger É, Visnovitz T, Nagy A, Kiss A, Sultész M, Csoma Z, Tamási L, Gálffy G, Szalai C. Plasma neutrophil extracellular trap level is modified by disease severity and inhaled corticosteroids in chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4320. [PMID: 32152402 PMCID: PMC7062787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A flow cytometry-based method was developed to quantify in vivo circulating neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) levels in plasma and compare them in patients with different chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Seventeen asthmatic and 11 control children, 12 adult controls, 46 asthmatic, 6 COPD and 6 adult patients with asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) were recruited in the study. The presence of NETs in unstimulated cell-free plasma was confirmed and visualized by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. No significant differences were found in plasma NET levels between children and adults, children with or without asthma and adults with or without asthma, COPD or ACOS. When asthmatic patients were stratified according to their disease severity the average plasma NET level was significantly higher in asthmatic patients with more serious symptoms (adjusted p = 0.027). Patients with poorer pulmonary functions had higher plasma NET levels which negatively correlated with the FEV1 values (r = -0.39, p = 0.002). Patients who were medicated daily with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) had significantly lower average plasma NET level than patients who did not or just occasionally used ICS (p = 0.027). If further studies confirm the NET-lowering effect of ICS in the circulation, it can be utilized in diseases where NETosis contributes to the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Gál
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - András Gézsi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
- MTA-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Pállinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Nagy
- Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - András Kiss
- Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | | | - Zsuzsanna Csoma
- National Korányi Institute of TB and Pulmonology, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Lilla Tamási
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | | | - Csaba Szalai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
- Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
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Abstract
We introduce machine learning (ML) to perform classification and quantitation of images of nuclei from human blood neutrophils. Here we assessed the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using free, open source software to accurately quantitate neutrophil NETosis, a recently discovered process involved in multiple human diseases. CNNs achieved >94% in performance accuracy in differentiating NETotic from non-NETotic cells and vastly facilitated dose-response analysis and screening of the NETotic response in neutrophils from patients. Using only features learned from nuclear morphology, CNNs can distinguish between NETosis and necrosis and between distinct NETosis signaling pathways, making them a precise tool for NETosis detection. Furthermore, by using CNNs and tools to determine object dispersion, we uncovered differences in NETotic nuclei clustering between major NETosis pathways that is useful in understanding NETosis signaling events. Our study also shows that neutrophils from patients with sickle cell disease were unresponsive to one of two major NETosis pathways. Thus, we demonstrate the design, performance, and implementation of ML tools for rapid quantitative and qualitative cell analysis in basic science.
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Denning NL, Aziz M, Gurien SD, Wang P. DAMPs and NETs in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2536. [PMID: 31736963 PMCID: PMC6831555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a deadly inflammatory syndrome caused by an exaggerated immune response to infection. Much has been focused on host response to pathogens mediated through the interaction of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs are also activated by host nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytosolic proteins, known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are released from cells during sepsis. Some well described members of the DAMP family are extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), histones, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). DAMPs are released from the cell through inflammasome activation or passively following cell death. Similarly, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released from neutrophils during inflammation. NETs are webs of extracellular DNA decorated with histones, myeloperoxidase, and elastase. Although NETs contribute to pathogen clearance, excessive NET formation promotes inflammation and tissue damage in sepsis. Here, we review DAMPs and NETs and their crosstalk in sepsis with respect to their sources, activation, release, and function. A clear grasp of DAMPs, NETs and their interaction is crucial for the understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis and for the development of novel sepsis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi-Liza Denning
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Steven D Gurien
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
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37
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Decker AS, Pylaeva E, Brenzel A, Spyra I, Droege F, Hussain T, Lang S, Jablonska J. Prognostic Role of Blood NETosis in the Progression of Head and Neck Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E946. [PMID: 31438586 PMCID: PMC6770876 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent web-like structures consisting of externalized DNA decorated with granule proteins that are responsible for trapping and killing bacteria. However, undesirable effects of NET formation during carcinogenesis, such as metastasis support, have been described. In the present study, we evaluated the correlation between NETosis and disease progression in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients in order to establish a valid biomarker for an early detection and monitoring of HNC progression. Moreover, factors influencing NET release in HNC patients were revealed. We showed a significantly elevated vital NETosis in neutrophils isolated from early T1-T2 and N0-N2 stage patients, as compared to healthy controls. Additionally, in our experimental setting, we confirmed the involvement of tumor cells in the stimulation of NET formation. Interestingly, in advanced cancer stages (T3-4, N3) NETosis was reduced. This also correlated with the levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in plasma and tumor tissue. Altogether, we suggest that the elevated NETosis in blood can be used as a biomarker to detect early HNC and to predict patients at risk to develop tumor metastasis. Therapeutic disruption of NET formation may offer new roads for successful treatment of HNC patients in order to prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sophie Decker
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Pylaeva
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Brenzel
- Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ilona Spyra
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Freya Droege
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Timon Hussain
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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38
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Baron S, Binenbaum Y, Berger Achituv S, Tene Y, Elhasid R. Neutrophil Elastase Activity as a Surrogate Marker for Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:2350-2356. [PMID: 31394268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Impaired neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation compromises the host defense after engraftment following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) despite adequate neutrophil counts. The aims of the present study were to determine reference ranges for the activity of key enzymes of NET formation-neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-in a healthy population and to unravel the recovery dynamics of NET formation over time following HSCT, along with NE and MPO enzymatic activities. Reference ranges of NE and MPO activity were derived from 50 healthy volunteers. During 2017 to 2018, 11 consecutive pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic or autologous HSCT were recruited at a single referral center for pediatric hemato-oncology. Patients were followed for up to 1 year following engraftment. The mean reference value was 7.5 ± .4 mU for NE activity and 2.17 ± .4 U for MPO activity in the healthy population, and enzymatic activity of MPO was significantly higher in males. At 3 weeks following neutrophil engraftment, all study participants demonstrated extremely low enzymatic NE activity, whereas MPO activity was above the lower normal reference range at all time points. Reduced NE activity corresponded to the inability to form NETs. Neutrophil function improved over time, but partial impairment persisted for 7 months following transplantation. The ability of neutrophils to form NETs was significantly impaired for 3 weeks after engraftment in the setting of HSCT, exposing patients to bacterial infections. NE activity might serve as a surrogate marker for the capacity of neutrophils to form NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Baron
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Research Laboratory, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Binenbaum
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Research Laboratory, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Berger Achituv
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Research Laboratory, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Tene
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Research Laboratory, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Elhasid
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Research Laboratory, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Lelliott PM, Momota M, Lee MSJ, Kuroda E, Iijima N, Ishii KJ, Coban C. Rapid Quantification of NETs In Vitro and in Whole Blood Samples by Imaging Flow Cytometry. Cytometry A 2019; 95:565-578. [PMID: 30985081 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation involves the release of DNA outside the cell to neutralize pathogens. Techniques such as live microscopy, flow cytometry, and intravital imaging allow the characterization of NETs, but these either cannot be applied in vivo, lack specificity or require invasive procedures. We developed an automated analysis method to rapidly acquire and characterize cells as NETs or NET precursors, as opposed to cells undergoing other forms of cell death, using imaging flow cytometry. NETs were maintained in solution using a novel three-dimensional cell culture system in which cells are suspended at the interface of two liquids of different density. Critically, we identify NETs using an image analysis algorithm based on morphological data showing the extrusion of DNA beyond the cell boundaries. In vitro, we used this technique to demonstrate different requirements for NET formation in human and mouse neutrophils. We also measured NETs in whole blood during infection of mice with the malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii. We expect this technique will provide a valuable approach to better understand the process of NET formation and its importance in disease. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Lelliott
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Momota
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Michelle S J Lee
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Norifumi Iijima
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Cevayir Coban
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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