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Valenzuela-García LI, Ayala-García VM, Ramos-Rosales DF, Jacquez-Flores RE, Urtiz-Estrada N, Hernández EMM, Barraza-Salas M. The rs7208505 Polymorphism and Differential Expression of the SKA2 Gene in the Prefrontal Cortex of Suicide Victims from the Mexican Population. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:674-685. [PMID: 37204142 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2209155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of the current study was to investigate whether SKA2 gene expression in the postmortem brain of rs7208505 genotype are altered in suicide victims from a Mexican population. METHODS In this study, we report a genetic analysis of expression levels of the SKA2 gene in the prefrontal cortex of the postmortem brain of suicidal subjects (n = 22) compared to subjects who died of causes other than suicide (n = 22) in a Mexican population using RT-qPCR assays. Additionally, we genotyped the rs7208505 polymorphism in suicide victims (n = 98) and controls (n = 88) and we evaluate the association of genotypes for the SNP rs7208505 with expression level of SKA2. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of the SKA2 gene was significantly higher in suicide victims compared to control subjects (p = 0.044). Interestingly, we observed a greater proportion of allele A of the rs7208505 in suicide victims than controls. Even though there was no association between the SNP with suicide in the study population we found a significative association of the expression level from SKA2 with the allele A of the rs7208505 and suicide. CONCLUSION The evidence suggests that the expression of SKA2 in the prefrontal cortex may be a critical factor in the etiology of suicidal behavior.
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Navarro D, Marín-Mayor M, Gasparyan A, García-Gutiérrez MS, Rubio G, Manzanares J. Molecular Changes Associated with Suicide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16726. [PMID: 38069051 PMCID: PMC10706600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a serious global public health problem, with a worrying recent increase in suicide rates in both adolescent and adult populations. However, it is essential to recognize that suicide is preventable. A myriad of factors contributes to an individual's vulnerability to suicide. These factors include various potential causes, from psychiatric disorders to genetic and epigenetic alterations. These changes can induce dysfunctions in crucial systems such as the serotonergic, cannabinoid, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. In addition, early life experiences of abuse can profoundly impact an individual's ability to cope with stress, ultimately leading to changes in the inflammatory system, which is a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior. Thus, it is clear that suicidal behavior may result from a confluence of multiple factors. This review examines the primary risk factors associated with suicidal behavior, including psychiatric disorders, early life adversities, and epigenetic modifications. Our goal is to elucidate the molecular changes at the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular levels in the brains of individuals who have taken their own lives and in the plasma and peripheral mononuclear cells of suicide attempters and how these changes may serve as predisposing factors for suicidal tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Navarro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (D.N.); (A.G.); (M.S.G.-G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Marín-Mayor
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (D.N.); (A.G.); (M.S.G.-G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (D.N.); (A.G.); (M.S.G.-G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (D.N.); (A.G.); (M.S.G.-G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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Sanabrais-Jiménez MA, Esquivel-López AA, Sotelo-Ramírez CE, Aguilar-García A, Ordoñez-Martínez B, Jiménez-Pavón J, Madrigal-Lara MV, Díaz-Vivanco AJ, Camarena B. NR3C1 and NR3C2 Genes Increase the Risk of Suicide Attempt in Psychiatric Disorder Patients with History of Childhood Trauma. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2561-2571. [PMID: 38035135 PMCID: PMC10683665 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s431176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis gene variants and childhood trauma (CT) are considered risk factors for suicide attempt (SA). The aim of the present study was analyzed gene x environment (GxE) interaction of NR3C1, NR3C2, and CT, and NR3C1 and NR3C2 gene expression in the development of SA with CT. Participants and Methods A total of 516 psychiatric Mexican patients from Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Among them, 274 had SA at least once and 242 had not SA. Genetic variants of NR3C1 and NR3C2 were genotyped in all the patients, of which were obtained the CT information from medical records. Additionally, the gene expression of NR3C1 and NR3C2 was also analyzed for a subsample of 96 patients, obtaining the TC information from Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Results The analysis showed a GxE interaction of NR3C1, NR3C2, and CT (OR=2.8, 95% CI [1.9-3.9], p<0.0001). Interactions were also observed with neglect (OR=2.1, 95% CI [1.4-3.1], p<0.0001), emotional abuse (OR=2.1, 95% CI [1.5-3], p<0.0001), and sexual abuse (OR=2.4, 95% CI [1.4-2.9], p<0.0001) in the prediction of SA. The analysis of gene expression identified an overexpression of NR3C1 in SA patients with high scores for physical and sexual abuse (p<0.0001; p<0.0006, respectively) and emotional neglect (p=0.014). An underexpression was observed of NR3C2, associated with high scores of trauma subtypes (p<0.0001) except physical neglect. Additionally, we observed an overexpression of NR3C1 gene in patients with SA carriers of A allele of rs6191 (p=0.0015). Also, overexpression of NR3C1 gene in carriers of G allele of rs6198 and underexpression of NR3C2 gene in carriers of G allele of rs5522 (p<0.0001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that genetic variants of NR3C1 and NR3C2 differentially affect expression levels, increasing the susceptibility to SA in psychiatric patients with a history of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayerim Alma Esquivel-López
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlo Esteban Sotelo-Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Aguilar-García
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Bruno Ordoñez-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Joanna Jiménez-Pavón
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - María Victoria Madrigal-Lara
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alan Jair Díaz-Vivanco
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Camarena
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Toledo-Lozano CG, López-Hernández LB, Suárez-Cuenca JA, Villalobos-Gallegos L, Jiménez-Hernández DA, Alcaraz-Estrada SL, Mondragón-Terán P, Joya-Laureano L, Coral-Vázquez RM, García S. Individual and Combined Effect of MAO-A/ MAO-B Gene Variants and Adverse Childhood Experiences on the Severity of Major Depressive Disorder. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:795. [PMID: 37887445 PMCID: PMC10603972 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder with a high prevalence worldwide that causes disability and, in some cases, suicide. Although environmental factors play a crucial role in this disease, other biological factors may predispose individuals to MDD. Genetic and environmental factors influence mental disorders; therefore, a potential combined effect of MAO-A/MAO-B gene variants may be a target for the study of susceptibility to MDD. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of MAO-A and -B gene variants when combined with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the susceptibility and severity of symptoms in MDD. METHODS A case-control study was performed, including 345 individuals, 175 MDD cases and 170 controls. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR with hydrolysis probes. The analysis of the rs1465107 and rs1799836 gene variants of MAO-A and -B, respectively, was performed either alone or in combination with ACEs on the severity of depression, as determined through specific questionnaires, including DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for MDD. RESULTS According to individual effects, the presence of ACEs, as well as the allele G of the rs1465107 of MAO-A, is associated with a higher severity of depression, more significantly in females. Furthermore, the allele rs1799836 G of MAO-B was associated with the severity of depression, even after being adjusted by gene variants and ACEs (IRR = 1.67, p = 0.01). In males, the allele rs1799836 G of MAO-B was shown to interact with SNP with ACEs (IRR = 1.70, p < 0.001). According to combined effect analyses, the severity of depression was associated with ACEs when combined with either allele rs1465107 of MAO-A or allele rs17993836 of MAO-B, whereas SNP risk association was influenced by gender. CONCLUSIONS The severity of depression is related to either individual or combined effects of temperamental traits and genetic susceptibility of specific genes such as MAO-A and MAO-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gabriel Toledo-Lozano
- Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico; (C.G.T.-L.); (J.A.S.-C.); (D.A.J.-H.)
| | | | - Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca
- Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico; (C.G.T.-L.); (J.A.S.-C.); (D.A.J.-H.)
| | - Luis Villalobos-Gallegos
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico;
| | - Dulce Adeí Jiménez-Hernández
- Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico; (C.G.T.-L.); (J.A.S.-C.); (D.A.J.-H.)
| | | | - Paul Mondragón-Terán
- Coordination of Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico;
| | - Lilia Joya-Laureano
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico;
| | - Ramón Mauricio Coral-Vázquez
- Department of Teaching and Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico;
- Postgraduate Section, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Silvia García
- Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico; (C.G.T.-L.); (J.A.S.-C.); (D.A.J.-H.)
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Goltser-Dubner T, Shalev A, Benarroch F, Canetti L, Yogev M, Kalla C, Masarwa R, Martin J, Pevzner D, Oz O, Saloner C, Amer R, Lavon M, Lotan A, Galili-Weisstub E, Segman R. Decreased mononuclear cell NR3C1 SKA2 and FKPB5 expression levels among adult survivors of suicide bombing terror attacks in childhood are associated with the development of PTSD. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3851-3855. [PMID: 37845495 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Life threatening trauma and the development of PTSD during childhood, may each associate with transcriptional perturbation of immune cell glucocorticoid reactivity, yet their separable longer term contributions are less clear. The current study compared resting mononuclear cell gene expression levels of the nuclear receptor, subfamily 3, member 1 (NR3C1) coding the glucocorticoid receptor, its trans-activator spindle and kinetochore-associated protein 2 (SKA2), and its co-chaperon FKBP prolyl isomerase 5 (FKBP5), between a cohort of young adults first seen at the Hadassah Emergency Department (ED) after surviving a suicide bombing terror attack during childhood, and followed longitudinally over the years, and matched healthy controls not exposed to life threatening trauma. While significant reductions in mononuclear cell gene expression levels were observed among young adults for all three transcripts following early trauma exposure, the development of subsequent PTSD beyond trauma exposure, accounted for a small but significant portion of the variance in each of the three transcripts. Long-term perturbation in the expression of immune cell glucocorticoid response transcripts persists among young adults who develop PTSD following life threatening trauma exposure in childhood, denoting chronic dysregulation of immune stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Goltser-Dubner
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Herman-Danna Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Shalev
- The Herman-Danna Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fortu Benarroch
- The Herman-Danna Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Laura Canetti
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maayan Yogev
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carmel Kalla
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ranin Masarwa
- The Herman-Danna Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Josef Martin
- The Herman-Danna Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dalya Pevzner
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Osnat Oz
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chen Saloner
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reaan Amer
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Lavon
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Lotan
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esti Galili-Weisstub
- The Herman-Danna Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Segman
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Herman-Danna Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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González-Castro TB, Genis-Mendoza AD, López-Narváez ML, Juárez-Rojop IE, Ramos-Méndez MA, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Nicolini H. Gene Expression Analysis in Postmortem Brains from Individuals Who Died by Suicide: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:906. [PMID: 37371384 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Around the world, more the 700,000 individuals die by suicide every year. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms associated with suicidal behavior. Recently, an increase in gene expression studies has been in development. Through a systematic review, we aimed to find a candidate gene in gene expression studies on postmortem brains of suicide completers. Databases were systematically searched for published studies. We performed an online search using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to search studies up until May 2023. The terms included were "gene expression", "expressed genes", "microarray", "qRT-PCR", "brain samples" and "suicide". Our systematic review included 59 studies covering the analysis of 1450 brain tissues from individuals who died by suicide. The majority of gene expression profiles were obtained of the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventral prefrontal cortex and orbital frontal cortex area. The most studied mRNAs came of genes in glutamate, γ-amino-butyric acid and polyamine systems. mRNAs of genes in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), HPA axis and chemokine family were also studied. On the other hand, psychiatric comorbidities indicate that suicide by violent death can alter the profile of mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez 86205, Mexico
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico
- Servicio de Atención Psiquiátrica, Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil Dr. Juan N. Navarro, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - María Lilia López-Narváez
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86650, Mexico
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Ramos-Méndez
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico
| | | | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico
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History of suicide attempt associated with amygdala and hippocampus changes among individuals with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01554-5. [PMID: 36788147 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in subcortical brain structures may reflect higher suicide risk in mood disorders, but less is known about its associations for schizophrenia. This cross-sectional imaging study aimed to explore whether the history of suicide attempts was associated with subcortical changes among individuals with schizophrenia. We recruited 44 individuals with schizophrenia and a history of suicide attempts (SZ-SA) and 44 individuals with schizophrenia but without a history of suicide attempts (SZ-NSA) and 44 healthy controls. Linear regression showed that SZ-SA had smaller volumes of the hippocampus (Cohen's d = -0.72), the amygdala (Cohen's d = -0.69), and some nuclei of the amygdala (Cohen's d, -0.57 to -0.72) than SZ-NSA after adjusting for age, sex, illness phase, and intracranial volume. There was no difference in the volume of the subfields of the hippocampus. It suggests the history of suicide attempts is associated with subcortical volume alterations in schizophrenia.
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Kouter K, Zupanc T, Videtič Paska A. Targeted sequencing approach: Comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression across blood and brain regions in suicide victims. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:12-23. [PMID: 35200087 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2046291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in regulation of many pathologies, including suicidal behaviour. However, the factors through which epigenetics affect suicidal behaviour are not fully understood. METHODS We analysed DNA methylation of eight neuropsychiatric genes (NR3C1, SLC6A4, HTR1A, TPH2, SKA2, MAOA, GABRA1, and NRIP3) in brain regions (hippocampus, insula, amygdala, Brodmann area 46) and blood of 25 male suicide victims and 28 male control subjects, using bisulphite next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Comparing mean methylation values, notable changes were observed in NR3C1 (insula p-value = 0.05), HTR1A (insula p-value < 0.001, blood p-value = 0.001), SKA2 (insula p-value = 0.03, blood p-value = 0.016), MAOA (blood p-value < 0.001), GABRA1 (insula p-value = 0.05, blood p-value = 0.024) and NRIP3 (hippocampus p-value = 0.001, insula p-value = 0.002, amygdala p-value = 0.014). Comparing methylation pattern between blood and brain, similarity was observed between blood and insula for HTR1A. Gene expression analysis in hippocampus revealed changes in expression of NR3C1 (p-value = 0.049), SLC6A4 (p-value = 0.017) and HTR1A (p-value = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS Results provide an insight into the altered state of DNA methylation in suicidal behaviour. Epigenetic differences could therefore affect suicidal behaviour in both previously known and in novel neuropsychiatric candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kouter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Zupanc
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alja Videtič Paska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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The impulsiveness level influences the salivary cortisol response and social stress sensitivity in suicidal patients. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:159-167. [PMID: 36252345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide attempters (SA) are more vulnerable to social stress and show disturbed cortisol response in stressful conditions compared with psychiatric and healthy controls. Recent data suggest that this dysregulation might be related to impulsivity traits. However, little is known about the emotional consequences of social stress in SA exposed to stress. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to evaluate the cortisol and emotional responses to social stress in patients with depression with and without suicide attempt, by taking into account impulsivity traits and depression severity. METHODS 67 adult women (41 SA and 26 affective controls (AC,i.e. without suicide attempt history)) with lifetime history of major depressive episode were included. Patients performed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a well-validated social stress task. Patients provided seven saliva samples, to measure the cortisol response, and filled in questionnaires to assess psychological pain, positive and negative mood, and anxiety at different time points (from 10 min before to 120 min after the TSST). Moderated regression models were used including suicide attempt history, depression severity, and impulsivity as independent variables and their interactions. RESULTS In patients with low depression and high impulsivity, salivary cortisol response during the TSST was higher in SA than in AC (p < .001). Psychological pain, negative mood, and anxiety were increased in all patients just after the TSST, followed by a decrease at 120 min. Positive mood recovery was slower in SA, and in patients with high impulsivity and low depression level (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Impulsivity traits have an important role in suicidal vulnerability in stress conditions. Impulsivity traits might help to differentiate patients at risk of suicide who are highly sensitive to stress when depression level is low. Higher impulsiveness may increase the sensitivity to emotional distress that translates into inadequate physiological responses.
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Amin M, Syed S, Wu R, Postolache TT, Gragnoli C. Familial Linkage and Association of the NR3C1 Gene with Type 2 Diabetes and Depression Comorbidity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911951. [PMID: 36233250 PMCID: PMC9569497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and cortisol pathway may be major contributing factors to the common pathogenesis of major depressive disorders (MDD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). A significant player in the neuroendocrine HPA axis and cortisol response is the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is encoded by the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member (NR3C1) gene. Variants in the NR3C1 gene have been reported in patients with MDD and obesity and found to confer reduced risk for quantitative metabolic traits and T2D in Cushing syndrome; variants have not been reported in T2D and MDD-T2D comorbid patients. We studied 212 original Italian families with a rich family history for T2D and tested 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NR3C1 gene for linkage to and linkage disequilibrium (LD) with T2D and MDD across different inheritance models. We identified a total of 6 novel SNPs significantly linked/in LD to/with T2D (rs6196, rs10482633, rs13186836, rs13184611, rs10482681 and rs258751) and 1 SNP (rs10482668) significantly linked to/in LD with both T2D and MDD. These findings expand understanding of the role that NR3C1 variants play in modulating the risk of T2D-MDD comorbidity. Replication and functional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaz Amin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), US14-Orphanet, 75014 Paris, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum 11121, Sudan
| | - Shumail Syed
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68124, USA
| | - Rongling Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Statistics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Teodor Tudorel Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO 80246, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD 21090, USA
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68124, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, 00197 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(508)-246-9330
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Halit C, Elif YN, Hasan MA, Sacide P, Yasemin O, Deniz D, Mehmet AU. Methylation of APC2, NR3C1, and DRD2 gene promoters in turkish patients with tobacco use disorder. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:160-166. [PMID: 35170441 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_25_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Many studies have investigated the association of the methylation of gene and tobacco use disorders (TUD), but results remain ambiguous. Aims This study evaluated the relationship between methylation of Adenomatosis Polyposis Coli (APC), Nuclear Receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), Dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene promoters, and its effect on TUD. Subjects and Methods We recruited 154 active smokers and 111 healthy non-smoker controls. PCR based methods on genomic DNA characterized the methylation of APC2, NR3C1, and DRD2 gene promoters. Results We have found a significant difference in methylation of APC2 for TUD compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). The partial methylation ratio was about an eight-fold increase in smokers compared to healthy controls. NR3C1 methylation was slightly higher in TUD patients compared to the control group, but the difference was not significant between the two groups (%95.33 vs. 91.08, P = 0.269). DRD2 methylation ratio was not significant between TUD patients and healthy control groups (P = 0.894). Conclusion We think that it is important to detect APC2 methylated cases earlier and to advise them to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinarka Halit
- Department of Chest Disease, University of Health Sciences, Yedikule Training and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul
| | - Y Niksarlıoğlu Elif
- Department of Chest Disease, University of Health Sciences, Yedikule Training and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Aytaç Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry, Malazgirt State Hospital, Mus, Turkey
| | - Pehlivan Sacide
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oyaci Yasemin
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dogan Deniz
- Department of Chest Disease, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Uysal Mehmet
- Department of Chest Disease, University of Health Sciences, Yedikule Training and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hernández-Díaz Y, Genis-Mendoza AD, González-Castro TB, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Juárez-Rojop IE, López-Narváez ML, Nicolini H. Association and Genetic Expression between Genes Involved in HPA Axis and Suicide Behavior: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1608. [PMID: 34681002 PMCID: PMC8536196 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide behavior (SB) has been highly associated with the response to stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The aim of this study was to summarize the results obtained in genetic studies that analyzed the HPA axis-stress pathway and SB through a systematic review. METHODS We performed an online search in PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycoInfo databases up to May 2021. We followed the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. We included case-control and expression studies that provided data on mRNA expression and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes associated with SB. RESULTS A total of 21,926 individuals participated across 41 studies (not repeats); 34 studies provided data on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 21,284 participants and 11 studies reported data on mRNA expression in 1034 participants. Ten genes were identified: FKBP5, CRH, CRHBP, CRHR1, CRHR2, NR3C1, NR3C2, SKA2, MC2R, and POMC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that key stress pathway genes are significantly associated with SB and show potential as biomarkers for SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmín Hernández-Díaz
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez 86205, Tabasco, Mexico; (Y.H.-D.); (T.B.G.-C.)
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico;
| | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez 86205, Tabasco, Mexico; (Y.H.-D.); (T.B.G.-C.)
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86650, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86150, Tabasco, Mexico;
| | | | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico;
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13
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Arasappan D, Eickhoff SB, Nemeroff CB, Hofmann HA, Jabbi M. Transcription Factor Motifs Associated with Anterior Insula Gene Expression Underlying Mood Disorder Phenotypes. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1978-1989. [PMID: 33411239 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide but the brain-related molecular pathophysiology in mood disorders remains largely undefined. Because the anterior insula is reduced in volume in patients with mood disorders, RNA was extracted from the anterior insula postmortem anterior insula of mood disorder samples and compared with unaffected controls for RNA-sequencing identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in (a) bipolar disorder (BD; n = 37) versus (vs.) controls (n = 33), and (b) major depressive disorder (MDD n = 30) vs. controls, and (c) low vs. high axis I comorbidity (a measure of cumulative psychiatric disease burden). Given the regulatory role of transcription factors (TFs) in gene expression via specific-DNA-binding domains (motifs), we used JASPAR TF binding database to identify TF-motifs. We found that DEGs in BD vs. controls, MDD vs. controls, and high vs. low axis I comorbidity were associated with TF-motifs that are known to regulate expression of toll-like receptor genes, cellular homeostatic-control genes, and genes involved in embryonic, cellular/organ, and brain development. Robust imaging-guided transcriptomics by using meta-analytic imaging results to guide independent postmortem dissection for RNA-sequencing was applied by targeting the gray matter volume reduction in the anterior insula in mood disorders, to guide independent postmortem identification of TF motifs regulating DEG. Our findings of TF-motifs that regulate the expression of immune, cellular homeostatic-control, and developmental genes provide novel information about the hierarchical relationship between gene regulatory networks, the TFs that control them, and proximate underlying neuroanatomical phenotypes in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Arasappan
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- The Mulva Clinic for Neurosciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hans A Hofmann
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mbemba Jabbi
- Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- The Mulva Clinic for Neurosciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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14
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Bani-Fatemi A, Raymond R, Adanty C, Dai N, Gerretsen P, Graff A, Nobrega JN, De Luca V. Global DNA methylation in suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 2021; 31:65-71. [PMID: 33399315 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior is influenced by many risk factors such as childhood trauma, stressful life events, genetic factors, and severe mental illnesses. Suicidal ideation is present in 50% of schizophrenia patients and is associated with an elevated risk of suicide attempt. Studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms are associated with suicidal behavior in schizophrenia. Although several studies have suggested the importance of epigenetic factors in suicidal ideation and behavior, no studies have investigated global methylation in association with these two phenotypes. This study investigated global methylation level/change in association with current and emergent suicidal ideation and also with suicide attempt. Forty-seven schizophrenia patients were assessed for the association between global methylation and suicide attempt, and a subsample of these patients (n = 27) was assessed for current suicidal ideation. Afterwards, we performed a longitudinal analysis in which global methylation changes during a 3-month follow-up were compared between patients with and without emergent suicidal ideation. This methylation analysis did not find evidence for a significant association between global methylation and suicidal ideation or suicide attempt. To date, there are no robust biomarkers predicting suicidal ideation or behavior in psychotic patients. This study is the first to investigate global methylation in predicting suicidal ideation and behavior. Although we did not find evidence for an association between global methylation and these phenotypes, our findings may offer novel insights into the molecular mechanisms linked to suicide. Future investigation may measure global methylation in association with suicidal ideation or behavior in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bani-Fatemi
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Wang HQ, Wang ZZ, Chen NH. The receptor hypothesis and the pathogenesis of depression: Genetic bases and biological correlates. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105542. [PMID: 33711432 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression has become one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by anhedonia, anxiety, pessimism, or even suicidal thoughts. Receptor theory has been pointed out to explain the pathogenesis of depression, while it is still subject to debate. Additionally, gene abnormality accounts for nearly 40-50% of depression risk, which is a significant factor contributing to the onset of depression. Accordingly, studying on receptors and their gene abnormality are critical parts of the research on internal causes of depression. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of depression from six of the most related receptors and their associated genes, including N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, GABAA receptor α2, and dopamine receptor; and several "non-classic" receptors, such as metabotropic glutamate receptor, opioid receptor, and insulin receptor. These receptors have received considerable critical attention and are highly implicated in the onset of depression. We begin by providing the biological mechanisms of action of these receptors on the pathogenesis of depression. Then we review the historical and social context about these receptors. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current state of knowledge and outline insights on future research directions, aiming to provide more novel targets and theoretical basis for the early prevention, accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qin Wang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine & Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine & Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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16
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Xin Q, Paudel D, Li L, Zhang B, Yin H. Relationship between suicide rate and antidepressant prescription: An ecological study in the People's Republic of China. Hum Psychopharmacol 2021; 36:1-9. [PMID: 32976675 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to estimate the features of suicide rate and its association with antidepressant prescriptions during the past decade in China. METHODS Official data on suicides were obtained and stratified by four age groups, gender, urban/rural areas, and regions (East, Central, and West). The annual antidepressant prescriptions were expressed in pills per 100 persons calculated as the volume of prescriptions divided by the total population. Negative binomial regression was carried out to examine the association between suicide and other variables. RESULTS Suicide rates in each stratum typically decreased from 2008 to 2015, while annual antidepressant prescriptions were generally increased by the year. The suicide rate increased with age and was greater in adult males than in females; higher in the central area and greater in rural than in urban areas. Suicide rates are negatively associated with antidepressant prescriptions including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (Incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.983, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.983-0.983), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (IRR 0.951, 95% CI 0.951-0.951), tricyclic antidepressant (IRR 0.925, 95% CI 0.925-0.925) and total antidepressants (IRR 0.990, 95% CI 0.990-0.990) during 2008-2012. CONCLUSION Suicide varied among different studied stratum. Suicide rates are negatively associated with antidepressant prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dhirendra Paudel
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Li
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglei Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York (Mann, Rizk); Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Mann, Rizk); Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Mann)
| | - Mina M Rizk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York (Mann, Rizk); Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Mann, Rizk); Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Mann)
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18
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Polymorphisms of stress pathway genes and emergence of suicidal ideation at antidepressant treatment onset. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:320. [PMID: 32952155 PMCID: PMC7502493 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The prescription of antidepressant drugs is one of the most frequently used strategies to prevent suicide and suicidal behavior. However, some patients develop suicidal ideation at antidepressant treatment onset, a phenomenon known as treatment-emergent suicidal ideation (TESI). Few studies have explored TESI pharmacogenomics. As the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis might be implicated in suicidal behavior, we assessed the relationship between TESI and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HPA axis-implicated NR3C1 (n = 7 SNPs), FKBP5 (n = 5 SNPs), AVPR1B (n = 1 SNPs), CRHR1 (n = 1 SNPs), and SKA2 (n = 1 SNPs) genes, in a sample of 3566 adult outpatients with depression for whom an antidepressant treatment was introduced. General practitioners and psychiatrists throughout France followed participants for 6 weeks after the initial prescription of tianeptine, an antidepressant molecule showing mu agonism. Suicidal ideation was assessed with item 10 of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (item dedicated to suicidal ideation) at baseline, and at week 2, 4, and 6 of treatment. Within the informative sample, 112 patients reported TESI and 384 did not. TESI was significantly associated with the TT genotype of the SNP rs6902321 in FKBP5 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = [1.07; 2.90]; p-value = 0.03) and the GG/AG genotype of the SNP rs7208505 in SKA2 (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = [1.03;3.33]; p-value = 0.04). These associations were not significant after multiple test correction. Nevertheless, our results suggest a possible involvement of HPA axis elements in treatment-emergent suicidal ideation (TESI).
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Sanabria-Mazo JP, Forero CG, Cristobal-Narváez P, Suso-Ribera C, García-Palacios A, Colomer-Carbonell A, Pérez-Aranda A, Andrés-Rodríguez L, McCracken LM, D'Amico F, Estivill-Rodríguez P, Carreras-Marcos B, Montes-Pérez A, Comps-Vicente O, Esteve M, Grasa M, Rosa A, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Maes M, Borràs X, Edo S, Sanz A, Feliu-Soler A, Castaño-Asins JR, Luciano JV. Efficacy, cost-utility and physiological effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Behavioural Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD) in patients with chronic low back pain and depression: study protocol of a randomised, controlled trial including mobile-technology-based ecological momentary assessment (IMPACT study). BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038107. [PMID: 32709656 PMCID: PMC7380881 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The IMPACT study focuses on chronic low back pain (CLBP) and depression symptoms, a prevalent and complex problem that represents a challenge for health professionals. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Brief Behavioural Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD) are effective treatments for patients with persistent pain and depression, respectively. The objectives of this 12 month, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial (RCT) are (i) to examine the efficacy and cost-utility of adding a group-based form of ACT or BATD to treatment-as-usual (TAU) for patients with CLBP and moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms; (ii) identify pre-post differences in levels of some physiological variables and (iii) analyse the role of polymorphisms in the FKBP5 gene, psychological process measures and physiological variables as mediators or moderators of long-term clinical changes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Participants will be 225 patients with CLBP and moderate to severe depression symptoms recruited at Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain) and Hospital del Mar (Barcelona, Spain), randomly allocated to one of the three study arms: TAU vs TAU+ACT versus TAU+BATD. A comprehensive assessment to collect clinical variables and costs will be conducted pretreatment, post-treatment and at 12 months follow-up, being pain interference the primary outcome measure. The following physiological variables will be considered at pretreatment and post-treatment assessments in 50% of the sample: immune-inflammatory markers, hair cortisol and cortisone, serum cortisol, corticosteroid-binding globulin and vitamin D. Polymorphisms in the FKBP5 gene (rs3800373, rs9296158, rs1360780, rs9470080 and rs4713916) will be analysed at baseline assessment. Moreover, we will include mobile-technology-based ecological momentary assessment, through the Pain Monitor app, to track ongoing clinical status during ACT and BATD treatments. Linear mixed-effects models using restricted maximum likelihood, and a full economic evaluation applying bootstrapping techniques, acceptability curves and sensitivity analyses will be computed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fundació Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital del Mar. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social media and various community engagement activities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04140838.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Sanabria-Mazo
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, International University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Carlos G Forero
- Department of Medicine, International University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Cristobal-Narváez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Suso-Ribera
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Azucena García-Palacios
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariadna Colomer-Carbonell
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Aranda
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorci Parc de Salut MAR de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Laura Andrés-Rodríguez
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francesco D'Amico
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Montserrat Esteve
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Grasa
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli Rosa
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Malaga & Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xavier Borràs
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Edo
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sanz
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Feliu-Soler
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | | | - Juan V Luciano
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
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Steinberg LJ, Mann JJ. Abnormal stress responsiveness and suicidal behavior: A risk phenotype. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2020.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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21
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Cabrera-Mendoza B, Fresno C, Monroy-Jaramillo N, Fries GR, Walss-Bass C, Glahn DC, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Mendoza-Morales RC, García-Dolores F, Díaz-Otañez CE, González-Sáenz EE, Genis-Mendoza AD, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Romero-Pimentel AL, Flores G, Vázquez-Roque RA, Nicolini H. Sex differences in brain gene expression among suicide completers. J Affect Disord 2020; 267:67-77. [PMID: 32063575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide rates vary substantially by sex. Suicides committed by males significantly outnumber female suicides. Disparities in community and social factors provide a partial explanation for this phenomenon. Thus, the evaluation of sex differences at a biological level might contribute to the elucidation of the factors involved in this imbalance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate sex-specific gene expression patterns in the suicidal brain. METHODS postmortem samples from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of 75 Latino individuals were analyzed. We considered the following groups: i) male suicides (n = 38), ii) female suicides (n = 10), iii) male controls (n = 20), and iv) female controls (n = 7). Gene expression profiles were evaluated by microarrays. Differentially expressed genes among the groups were identified with a linear model. Similarities and differences in the gene sets between the sexes were identified. RESULTS Differentially expressed genes were identified between suicides and controls of each sex: 1,729 genes in females and 1,997 genes in males. Female-exclusive suicide genes were related to cell proliferation and immune response. Meanwhile, male-exclusive suicide genes were associated to DNA binding and ribonucleic protein complex. Sex-independent suicide genes showed enrichment in mitochondrial and vesicular functions. LIMITATIONS Relatively small sample size. Our diagnosis approach was limited to information found on coroner's records. The analysis was limited to a single brain area (DLPFC) and we used microarrays. CONCLUSION Previously unexplored sex differences in the brain gene expression of suicide completers were identified, providing valuable foundation for the evaluation of sex-specific factors in suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico; PECEM, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal Fresno
- Technological Development Department, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- Department of Genetics, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Rodrigo Fries
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, United States
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, United States
| | - David C Glahn
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Luisa Romero-Pimentel
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Institute of Physiology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Antonio Vázquez-Roque
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Institute of Physiology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Yin H, Galfalvy H, Zhang B, Tang W, Xin Q, Li E, Xue X, Li Q, Ye J, Yan N, Mann JJ. Interactions of the GABRG2 polymorphisms and childhood trauma on suicide attempt and related traits in depressed patients. J Affect Disord 2020; 266:447-455. [PMID: 32056912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we reported that the longest variant of the GABA A receptor γ2 subunit (GABRG2) was associated with suicidal behavior. The present study therefore aimed to determine whether polymorphisms near the alternatively spliced exon of GABRG2 are associated with suicide attempt (SA) and its related traits, and how these variants might interact with reported childhood trauma (CT) in their association with suicidal behavior. METHODS We examined 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GABRG2. Subjects were suicide Attempters (N = 94), non-suicide attempters (N = 168) with MDD or Bipolar depression, and healthy volunteers (N = 100). Data on demographics, depression severity and suicide attempts were collected. Participants also completed a set of instruments assessing CT, and lifetime aggression and impulsivity.. GABRG2 polymorphisms were genotyped using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Allele A of rs211034 was a protective factor for SA (OR = 0.50 (0.32, 0.80), p = 0.003), and had an interaction effect with emotional neglect (OR = 0.89 (0.82, 0.97), p = 0.006) on depression. One haploblock (consisting of rs211035 and rs211034) was identified within these SNPs, and subjects with haplotype GA (frequency = 7.3%), had lower rate of SA (OR=0.26(0.10, 0.67), p = 0.006). Cognitive impulsivity (OR=1.38)1.24,1.55), p < 0.001), non-planning impulsivity (OR = 1.18 (1.10,1.25), p < 0.001), anger (OR = 1.13 (1.07,1.19), p < 0.001), impulsivity total score (OR = 1.10(1.06,1.15), p < 0.001), hostility (OR = 1.10 (1.04, 1.15), p < 0.001), aggression total score (OR = 1.05 (1.03,1.07), p < 0.001) were associated with depression, meanwhile, hopelessness (OR = 2.18 (1.56, 3.04), p < 0.001) and impulsivity total score (OR = 1.05 (1.02,1.08), p < 0.001) were associated with the risk of SA, adjusted by age and gender. There was no mediation effect in the relationship among CT, gene polymorphisms and SA or depression through increased impulsivity or aggression. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of this study is its modest sample size. More genetic variants as well as epigenetic markers should be examined in future studies. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to evidence for the involvement of GABRG2 and impulsivity and hopelessness in SA independent from their association with depression. More research is needed on possible mediators of the relationship between GABA-related gene and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China.
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Qianqian Xin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Enze Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Qiyang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Junping Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Na Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
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Cultured hippocampal neurons of dystrophic mdx mice respond differently from those of wild type mice to an acute treatment with corticosterone. Exp Cell Res 2020; 386:111715. [PMID: 31711918 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a lethal genetic disease characterised by progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles induced by deficiency of dystrophin, a cytoskeletal protein expressed in myocytes and in certain neuron populations. The severity of the neurological disorder varies in humans and animal models owing to dysfunction in numerous brain areas, including the hippocampus. Cyclic treatments with high-dose glucocorticoids remain a major pharmacological approach for treating the disease; however, elevated systemic levels of either stress-induced or exogenously administered anti-inflammatory molecules dramatically affect hippocampal activity. In this study, we analysed and compared the response of hippocampal neurons isolated from wild-type and dystrophic mdx mice to acute administration of corticosterone in vitro, without the influence of other glucocorticoid-regulated processes. Our results showed that in neurons of mdx mice, both the genomic and intracellular signalling-mediated responses to corticosterone were affected compared to those in wild-type animals, evoking the characteristic response to detrimental chronic glucocorticoid exposure. Responsiveness to glucocorticoids is, therefore, another function of hippocampal neurons possibly affected by deficiency of Dp427 since embryonic development. Knowing the pivotal role of hippocampus in stress hormone signalling, attention should be paid to the effects that prolonged glucocorticoid treatments may have on this and other brain areas of DMD patients.
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Lennon JC. Etiopathogenesis of Suicide: A Conceptual Analysis of Risk and Prevention Within a Comprehensive, Deterministic Model. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2087. [PMID: 31572269 PMCID: PMC6751268 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a rising global health concern receiving disproportionate attention in comparison to other health conditions. In spite of substantial technological and scientific advancements, suicide research has continued to move slowly in terms of clinical translation due to the complexity of neural mechanisms, and subjective experiences that seem to underpin this complex human behavior. This paper analyzes the concepts of risk and prevention in the context of suicide in an attempt to bridge the large methodological and theoretical gaps between the biological, psychological, and sociological dimensions. This paper aims to accomplish the following objectives: (1) operationalize the concepts of suicide risk and prevention as they relate to current knowledge and capabilities; (2) synthesize and integrate suicide research across biological, psychological, and sociological dimensions; (3) discuss limitations of each dimension in isolation; (4) suggest a model of etiopathogenesis that incorporates extant literature and bridges unnecessary gaps between dimensions; and (5) suggest future directions for multidimensional research through the inclusion of principles from the physical sciences. Ultimately, this paper provides a basis for a comprehensive model of suicide within a deterministic, chaotic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C Lennon
- Department of Psychology, Adler University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush Neurobehavioral Center, Rush University Medical Center, Skokie, IL, United States
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Du X, Eksterowicz J, Zhou H, Rew Y, Zhu L, Yan X, Medina JC, Huang T, Chen X, Sutimantanapi D, Jahchan N, Kong W, Sun J, Zavorotinskaya T, Ye Q, Fantin VR, Sun D. Discovery of a Potent Steroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist with Enhanced Selectivity against the Progesterone and Androgen Receptors (OP-3633). J Med Chem 2019; 62:6751-6764. [PMID: 31274313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based modification of mifepristone (1) led to the discovery of novel mifepristone derivatives with improved selectivity profile. Addition of a methyl group at the C10 position of the steroid has a significant impact on progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) activity. Within this series, OP-3633 (15) emerged as a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist with increased selectivity against PR and AR, improved cytochrome P450 inhibition profile, and significantly improved pharmacokinetic properties compared to 1. Furthermore, 15 demonstrated substantial inhibition of GR transcriptional activity in the GR positive HCC1806 triple negative breast cancer xenograft model. Overall, compound 15 is a promising GR antagonist candidate to clinically evaluate the impact of GR inhibition in reversal or prevention of therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Du
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - John Eksterowicz
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Haiying Zhou
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Yosup Rew
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Liusheng Zhu
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Xuelei Yan
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Julio C Medina
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Tom Huang
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Xi Chen
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Dena Sutimantanapi
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Nadine Jahchan
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Wayne Kong
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Jessica Sun
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Tatiana Zavorotinskaya
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Qiuping Ye
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Valeria R Fantin
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Daqing Sun
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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Boldrini M, Galfalvy H, Dwork AJ, Rosoklija GB, Trencevska-Ivanovska I, Pavlovski G, Hen R, Arango V, Mann JJ. Resilience Is Associated With Larger Dentate Gyrus, While Suicide Decedents With Major Depressive Disorder Have Fewer Granule Neurons. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:850-862. [PMID: 30819514 PMCID: PMC6830307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life adversity (ELA) increases major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicide risk and potentially affects dentate gyrus (DG) plasticity. We reported smaller DG and fewer granular neurons (GNs) in MDD. ELA effects on DG plasticity in suicide decedents with MDD (MDDSui) and resilient subjects (ELA history without MDD or suicide) are unknown. METHODS We quantified neural progenitor cells (NPCs), GNs, glia, and DG volume in whole hippocampus postmortem in four groups of drug-free, neuropathology-free subjects (N = 52 total): psychological autopsy-defined MDDSui and control subjects with and without ELA (before 15 years of age). RESULTS ELA was associated with larger DG (p < .0001) and trending fewer NPCs (p = .0190) only in control subjects in whole DG, showing no effect on NPCs and DG volume in MDDSui. ELA exposure was associated with more GNs (p = .0003) and a trend for more glia (p = .0160) in whole DG in MDDSui and control subjects. MDDSui without ELA had fewer anterior and mid DG GNs (p < .0001), fewer anterior DG NPCs (p < .0001), and smaller whole DG volume (p = .0005) compared with control subjects without ELA. In MDDSui, lower Global Assessment Scale score correlated with fewer GNs and smaller DG. CONCLUSIONS Resilience to ELA involves a larger DG, perhaps related to more neurogenesis depleting NPCs, and because mature GNs and glia numbers do not differ in the resilient group, perhaps there are effects on process extension and synaptic load that can be examined in future studies. In MDDSui without ELA, smaller DG volume, with fewer GNs and NPCs, suggests less neurogenesis and/or more apoptosis and dendrite changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Boldrini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Biostatistics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Andrew J. Dwork
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Columbia University, Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Gorazd B. Rosoklija
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Columbia University, Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | | | - Goran Pavlovski
- Institute for Forensic Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - René Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Department of Pharmacology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Victoria Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Columbia University, Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - J. John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York; Columbia University, Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
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27
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Steinberg LJ, Rubin-Falcone H, Galfalvy HC, Kaufman J, Miller JM, Sublette ME, Cooper TB, Min E, Keilp JG, Stanley BH, Oquendo MA, Ogden RT, Mann JJ. Cortisol Stress Response and in Vivo PET Imaging of Human Brain Serotonin 1A Receptor Binding. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:329-338. [PMID: 30927011 PMCID: PMC6499240 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, serotonergic system, and stress response have been linked to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. State-dependent hyper-reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is seen in major depressive disorder, and higher binding to the serotonin 1A receptor is observed as a trait in both currently depressed and remitted untreated major depressive disorder. Here, we sought to examine whether a relationship exists between cortisol secretion in response to a stressor and serotonin 1A receptor binding throughout the brain, both in healthy controls and participants with major depressive disorder. METHODS Research participants included 42 medication-free, depressed subjects and 31 healthy volunteers. Participants were exposed to either an acute, physical stressor (radial artery catheter insertion) or a psychological stressor (Trier Social Stress Test). Levels of serotonin 1A receptor binding on positron emission tomography with [11C]WAY-100635 were also obtained from all participants. The relationship between [11C]WAY-100635 binding and cortisol was examined using mixed linear effects models with group (major depressive disorder vs control), cortisol, brain region, and their interactions as fixed effects and subject as a random effect. RESULTS We found a positive correlation between post-stress cortisol measures and serotonin 1A receptor ligand binding levels across multiple cortical and subcortical regions, independent of diagnosis and with both types of stress. The relationship between [11C]WAY-100635 binding and cortisol was homogenous across all a priori brain regions. In contrast, resting cortisol levels were negatively correlated with serotonin 1A receptor ligand binding levels independently of diagnosis, except in the RN. There was no significant difference in cortisol between major depressive disorder participants and healthy volunteers with either stressor. Similarly, there was no correlation between cortisol and depression severity in either stressor group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that there may be a common underlying mechanism that links abnormalities in the serotonin system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyper-reactivity to stress. Future studies need to determine how hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction affects mood to increase the risk of suicide in major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa J Steinberg
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Correspondence: Louisa J. Steinberg, MD, PhD, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 ()
| | - Harry Rubin-Falcone
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Hanga C Galfalvy
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Joshua Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey M Miller
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Thomas B Cooper
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, NY
| | - Eli Min
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - John G Keilp
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Barbara H Stanley
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Psychiatry Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - R Todd Ogden
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - J John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
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The role of substance use, smoking, and inflammation in risk for suicidal behavior. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:33-41. [PMID: 30223137 PMCID: PMC6241516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol and substance use disorders are important predictors for suicidal behavior. However, the role of individual substances as proximal risk factors for suicidal behavior and the mechanisms through which substance use affect risk are not entirely clear. We examine whether the frequency of substance use and whether biological markers in the HPA axis and inflammatory pathways are associated with clinical risk factors of suicidal behavior of aggression, impulsivity, hopelessness, and poor sleep. METHODS The sample consisted of psychiatric inpatients, aged 15-30 years, admitted for suicide attempt (n = 38), suicidal ideation (n = 40); and healthy controls (n = 37). We measured hair cortisol concentrations, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) sensitivity, stimulated production of interleukin- or IL-6, C-reactive protein, and mRNA expression of GR, SKA2, FKBP5, TNF-α, and IL-1β. RESULTS Smoking was associated with increased aggression [β = 2.9, 95% CI (-0.03, 6), p = 0.05], impulsivity [β = 3.1, 95% CI (1.6, 4.6), p < 0.001], and poor sleep [β = 0.5, 95% CI (0.03, 0.95), p = 0.04] even after controlling for demographics and group. Similarly, TNF-α mRNA was associated with impulsivity [β = 0.07, 95% CI (0.01, 0.1), p = 0.02] and hopelessness [β = 0.03, 95% CI (0.004, 0.05), p = 0.03]. Smoking tobacco (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) was positively associated with TNF-α mRNA. LIMITATIONS Study limitations include the cross-sectional design, retrospective assessment, and relatively small sample size. CONCLUSIONS Future longitudinal studies are needed to test whether inflammatory markers mediate the relationships between smoking, clinical risk factors, and suicidal behavior; and to examine whether smoking cessation could reduce the risk for suicidal behavior in at-risk patients.
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Rew Y, Du X, Eksterowicz J, Zhou H, Jahchan N, Zhu L, Yan X, Kawai H, McGee LR, Medina JC, Huang T, Chen C, Zavorotinskaya T, Sutimantanapi D, Waszczuk J, Jackson E, Huang E, Ye Q, Fantin VR, Sun D. Discovery of a Potent and Selective Steroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist (ORIC-101). J Med Chem 2018; 61:7767-7784. [PMID: 30091920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been linked to therapy resistance across a wide range of cancer types. Preclinical data suggest that antagonists of this nuclear receptor may enhance the activity of anticancer therapy. The first-generation GR antagonist mifepristone is currently undergoing clinical evaluation in various oncology settings. Structure-based modification of mifepristone led to the discovery of ORIC-101 (28), a highly potent steroidal GR antagonist with reduced androgen receptor (AR) agonistic activity amenable for dosing in androgen receptor positive tumors and with improved CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 inhibition profile to minimize drug-drug interaction potential. Unlike mifepristone, 28 could be codosed with chemotherapeutic agents readily metabolized by CYP2C8 such as paclitaxel. Furthermore, 28 demonstrated in vivo antitumor activity by enhancing response to chemotherapy in the GR+ OVCAR5 ovarian cancer xenograft model. Clinical evaluation of safety and therapeutic potential of 28 is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosup Rew
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Xiaohui Du
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - John Eksterowicz
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Haiying Zhou
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Nadine Jahchan
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Liusheng Zhu
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Xuelei Yan
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Hiroyuki Kawai
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Lawrence R McGee
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Julio C Medina
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Tom Huang
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Chelsea Chen
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Tatiana Zavorotinskaya
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Dena Sutimantanapi
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Joanna Waszczuk
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Erica Jackson
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Elizabeth Huang
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Qiuping Ye
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Valeria R Fantin
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Daqing Sun
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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30
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Ishiguro H, Horiuchi Y, Tabata K, Liu QR, Arinami T, Onaivi ES. Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Gene and Environmental Interaction in the Development of Psychiatric Disorders. Molecules 2018; 23:E1836. [PMID: 30042304 PMCID: PMC6114128 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CB2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) gene is associated with depression. We investigated the gene-environment interaction between CB2R function and diverse stressors. First, anxiety-like behavior during chronic-mild-stress (CMS) was evaluated in C57BL/6JJmsSlc mice following treatment with CB2R agonist JWH015 or inverse-agonist AM630. Second, locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were measured following exposure to an immune poly I:C stressor. Gene expressions of HPA axis related molecules, Fkbp5, Nr3c1 and Crf and pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-1b, as well as Bdnf as a key neurotrophin that supports neuron health, function, and synaptic plasticity, were determined in hippocampus of Cnr2 knockout mice, as indicators of stressful environment. CMS-induced anxiety-like behavior was enhanced by AM630 and reduced by JWH015 and fluvoxamine. Poly I:C reduced locomotor activity and increased anxiety-like behavior, and these effects were pronounced in the heterozygote than in the wild type mice. Fkbp5 and Nr3c1 expression were lower in the Cnr2 heterozygotes than in the wild type mice with Poly I:C treatment. These findings indicate that interaction between CB2R gene and stressors increases the risk of depression-like behaviors that may be linked with neuro-immune crosstalk. Further studies in human subjects are necessary to determine the role of CB2R and environmental interaction in the development of depression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anxiety/chemically induced
- Anxiety/genetics
- Anxiety/immunology
- Anxiety/physiopathology
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/immunology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/immunology
- Depression/chemically induced
- Depression/genetics
- Depression/immunology
- Depression/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene-Environment Interaction
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/immunology
- Hippocampus/physiopathology
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/drug effects
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/immunology
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology
- Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/immunology
- Locomotion/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Pituitary-Adrenal System/drug effects
- Pituitary-Adrenal System/immunology
- Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiopathology
- Poly I-C/administration & dosage
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/deficiency
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/immunology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/genetics
- Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishiguro
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Ethics, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Yasue Horiuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Koichi Tabata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Ethics, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- National Institute on Aging-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Tadao Arinami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Emmanuel S Onaivi
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA.
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31
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The stress response HPA-axis hormone, glucocorticoid, reduces cellular SKA complex gene expression. Psychiatry Res 2018; 260:428-431. [PMID: 29268205 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Spindle- and Kinetochore-Associated (SKA) complex has been proven to be involved in many human mental behavioral disorders. Glucocorticoid, a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormone, is a critical mediator of stress response in neurons. However, the underlying mechanisms of glucocorticoid's effects on human neuronal cells remain unclear. This study demonstrates that increased extracellular glucocorticoid levels significantly reduce neuronal cell SKA complex genes' expression levels, followed by altered neuronal cell viability and neurite development. The results suggest that the abnormality of this HPA-axis hormone could impact the neuronal cell functions through the alternation of SKA complex functions, which might induce cell death.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The rising suicide rate in the USA will not be reversed without improved risk assessment and prevention practices. To date, the best method for clinicians to assess a patient's risk for suicide is screening for past suicide attempts in the patient and their family. However, neuroimaging, genomic, and biochemical studies have generated a body of findings that allow description of an initial heuristic biological model for suicidal behavior that may have predictive value. RECENT FINDINGS We review studies from the past 3 years examining potential biological predictors of suicide attempt behavior. We divide findings into two major categories: (1) structural and functional brain imaging findings and (2) biochemical and genomic findings encompassing several systems, including major neurotransmitters (serotonin, catecholamines, GABA, and glutamate), the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, the inflammasome, lipids, and neuroplasticity. The biomarkers that appear promising for assessing suicide risk in clinical settings include indices of serotonergic function, inflammation, neuronal plasticity, and lipids.
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Melhem NM, Munroe S, Marsland A, Gray K, Brent D, Porta G, Douaihy A, Laudenslager ML, DiPietro F, Diler R, Driscoll H, Gopalan P. Blunted HPA axis activity prior to suicide attempt and increased inflammation in attempters. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 77:284-294. [PMID: 28135675 PMCID: PMC5336407 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation is associated with increased risk for suicidal behavior. However, it is not clear whether such dysregulation exists prior to or is a consequence of attempt. Studies also show an activation of inflammatory responses in suicidal behavior but often combine attempters with those with ideation. METHODS The sample consisted of psychiatric inpatients, aged 15-30 years, admitted for suicide attempt (SA, n=38), inpatients admitted for suicidal ideation with no prior history of attempts (SI, n=40), and healthy controls (n=37). We compared SA, SI, and controls on hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), which provides retrospective levels of cortisol and thus prior to the attempt in SA. We also compared them on the expression of genes in the HPA axis and inflammatory pathways previously implicated in suicidal behavior (GR or NR3C1, SKA2, FKBP5, IL-1β, TNF-α); plasma C-Reactive Protein (CRP); and cellular measures of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) sensitivity and stimulated production of IL-6. RESULTS We found lower HCC [β=-0.55, 95% CI (-0.96, -0.13), p=0.01, ES=-0.54] in first-time SA compared to SI and controls. In addition, SA showed lower GR or NR3C1 (α isoform) mRNA [β=-5.11, 95% CI (-10.9, 0.73), p=0.09, ES=-0.46], higher CRP [β=0.94, 95% CI (-0.004, 1.9), p=0.05, ES=0.60], and higher TNF-α mRNA [β=26.4, 95% CI (7.7, 45.2), p=0.006, ES=0.73]. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to differentiate youth who attempt suicide from those with suicidal ideation on HCC and to show that low HCC precedes suicide attempt. Suicide attempters also showed a distinct biological profile on several markers in both the HPA axis and inflammatory pathways. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine the ability of these biomarkers to predict suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine M. Melhem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sara Munroe
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katarina Gray
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giovanna Porta
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Antoine Douaihy
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark L. Laudenslager
- Department of Pscyhiatry, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Frank DiPietro
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rasim Diler
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Henry Driscoll
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Priya Gopalan
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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34
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Recent Progress in Functional Genomic Studies of Depression and Suicide. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-017-0112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ludwig B, Roy B, Wang Q, Birur B, Dwivedi Y. The Life Span Model of Suicide and Its Neurobiological Foundation. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:74. [PMID: 28261051 PMCID: PMC5306400 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The very incomprehensibility of the suicidal act has been occupying the minds of researchers and health professionals for a long time. Several theories of suicide have been proposed since the beginning of the past century, and a myriad of neurobiological studies have been conducted over the past two decades in order to elucidate its pathophysiology. Both neurobiology and psychological theories tend to work in parallel lines that need behavioral and empirical data respectively, to confirm their hypotheses. In this review, we are proposing a "Life Span Model of Suicide" with an attempt to integrate the "Stress-Diathesis Model" and the "Interpersonal Model of Suicide" into a neurobiological narrative and support it by providing a thorough compilation of related genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression findings. This proposed model comprises three layers, forming the capability of suicide: genetic factors as the predisposing Diathesis on one side and Stress, characterized by epigenetic marks on the other side, and in between gene expression and gene function which are thought to be influenced by Diathesis and Stress components. The empirical evidence of this model is yet to be confirmed and further research, specifically epigenetic studies in particular, are needed to support the presence of a life-long, evolving capability of suicide and identify its neurobiological correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- UAB Mood Disorder Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL, USA
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Targeted Sequencing of FKBP5 in Suicide Attempters with Bipolar Disorder. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169158. [PMID: 28030643 PMCID: PMC5193409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
FKBP5 is a critical component of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, a system which regulates our response to stress. It forms part of a complex of chaperones, which inhibits binding of cortisol and glucocorticoid receptor translocation to the nucleus. Variations in both the HPA axis and FKBP5 have been associated with suicidal behavior. We developed a systematic, targeted sequencing approach to investigate coding and regulatory regions in or near FKBP5 in 476 bipolar disorder suicide attempters and 473 bipolar disorder non-attempters. Following stringent quality control checks, we performed single-variant, gene-level and haplotype tests on the resulting 481 variants. Secondary analyses investigated whether sex-specific variations in FKBP5 increased the risk of attempted suicide. One variant, rs141713011, showed an excess of minor alleles in suicide attempters that was statistically significant following correction for multiple testing (Odds Ratio = 6.65, P-value = 7.5 x 10−4, Permuted P-value = 0.038). However, this result could not be replicated in an independent cohort (Odds Ratio = 0.90, P-value = 0.78). Three female-specific and four male-specific variants of nominal significance were also identified (P-value < 0.05). The gene-level and haplotype association tests did not produce any significant results. This comprehensive study of common and rare variants in FKBP5 focused on both regulatory and coding regions in relation to attempted suicide. One rare variant remained significant following correction for multiple testing but could not be replicated. Further investigation is required in larger sample sets to fully elucidate the association of this variant with suicidal behavior.
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Abstract
Suicide ranks amongst the leading causes of death worldwide. Contemporary models of suicide risk posit that suicide results from the interaction of distal and proximal factors, including neurobiological, psychological/clinical, and social factors. While a wealth of neurobiological studies aimed at identifying biological processes associated with suicidal behaviour have been conducted over the last decades, the more recent development of arrays and high-throughput sequencing methods have led to an increased capacity and interest in the study of genomic factors. Postmortem studies are a unique tool to directly investigate genomic processes that may be dysregulated in the suicidal brain. In this review, we discuss postmortem literature investigating functional genomic studies of suicide, particularly focusing on epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Almeida
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875, LaSalle Boulevard, H4H 1R3, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875, LaSalle Boulevard, H4H 1R3, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.
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38
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De la Cruz-Cano E. Association between FKBP5 and CRHR1 genes with suicidal behavior: A systematic review. Behav Brain Res 2016; 317:46-61. [PMID: 27638035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death around the world with approximately one million suicides per year. An increasing number of neurobiological studies implicate HPA system dysfunction in suicide behavior, stimulating genetic research to focus on genes related to this system. This systematic review was focused on searching a correlation between FKBP5 and CRHR1 genes with suicidal behavior. Therefore, an electronic search strategy, using PubMed, EBSCO and Cochrane Library databases, was conducted from the inception of the studies into the databases to July 2016. The inclusion criteria were: use of at least one analysis investigating the relation between either the genetic variants in FKBP5 and/or CRHR1 genes with suicidal behavior. 2) use of a case-control design; 3) investigation about suicidal behavior in the form of suicide completion or history of at least one suicide attempt, as defined by each individual study; 4) inclusion of samples comprising control subjects; and 6) inclusion of reports written only in English language. The PRISMA guidelines were followed and the search strategy ensured that all possible studies were identified to compile the review. Using the keyword combinations, the search strategy provided 3334 articles, of which only 15 case-control studies were included in this systematic review. The included studies comprised 2526 subjects with suicidal behavior. A quantitative synthesis of results from the included studies was not undertaken due to marked methodological heterogeneity. This review showed a significant genetic association in most studies in FKBP5 and CRHR1 genes with a high rate of attempted suicide, pointing out that the expression of these genes and its polymorphisms could be a key predictor of suicide risk. In conclusion, this systematic review supports an association between suicidal behavior and genetic variants in FKBP5 and CRHR1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo De la Cruz-Cano
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, C.P. 86100, Mexico; Secretaría de Salud, Hospital General de Comalcalco, Departamento de Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Comalcalco, Tabasco C.P. 86300, Mexico.
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