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Ahmed Mohamed Z, Yang J, Wen J, Jia F, Banerjee S. SEPHS1 Gene: A new master key for neurodevelopmental disorders. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 562:119844. [PMID: 38960024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The SEPHS1 (Selenophosphate Synthetase 1) gene encodes a critical enzyme for synthesizing selenophosphate, the active donor of selenium (Se) necessary for selenoprotein biosynthesis. Selenoproteins are vital for antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and cellular homeostasis. Mutations in SEPHS1 gene, are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders with developmental delay, poor growth, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. Due to Se's critical role in brain development and function, SEPHS1 gene has taken center stage in neurodevelopmental research. This review explores the structure and function of the SEPHS1 gene, its role in neurodevelopment, and the implications of its dysregulation for neurodevelopmental disorders. Therapeutic strategies, including Se supplementation, gene therapy, and targeted therapies, are discussed as potential interventions to address SEPHS1 associated neurodevelopmental dysfunction. The study's findings reveal how SEPHS1 mutations disrupt neurodevelopment, emphasizing the gene's intolerance to loss of function. Future research should focus on functional characterization of SEPHS1 variants, broader genetic screenings, and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianli Yang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Feiyong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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2
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Bonneau N, Potey A, Vitoux MA, Magny R, Guerin C, Baudouin C, Peyrin JM, Brignole-Baudouin F, Réaux-Le Goazigo A. Corneal neuroepithelial compartmentalized microfluidic chip model for evaluation of toxicity-induced dry eye. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:307-319. [PMID: 37984561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Part of the lacrimal functional unit, the cornea protects the ocular surface from numerous environmental aggressions and xenobiotics. Toxicological evaluation of compounds remains a challenge due to complex interactions between corneal nerve endings and epithelial cells. To this day, models do not integrate the physiological specificity of corneal nerve endings and are insufficient for the detection of low toxic effects essential to anticipate Toxicity-Induced Dry Eye (TIDE). Using high-content imaging tool, we here characterize toxicity-induced cellular alterations using primary cultures of mouse trigeminal sensory neurons and corneal epithelial cells in a compartmentalized microfluidic chip. We validate this model through the analysis of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) toxicity, a well-known preservative in eyedrops, after a single (6h) or repeated (twice a day for 15 min over 5 days) topical 5.10-4% BAC applications on the corneal epithelial cells and nerve terminals. In combination with high-content image analysis, this advanced microfluidic protocol reveal specific and tiny changes in the epithelial cells and axonal network as well as in trigeminal cells, not directly exposed to BAC, with ATF3/6 stress markers and phospho-p44/42 cell activation marker. Altogether, this corneal neuroepithelial chip enables the evaluation of toxic effects of ocular xenobiotics, distinguishing the impact on corneal sensory innervation and epithelial cells. The combination of compartmentalized co-culture/high-content imaging/multiparameter analysis opens the way for the systematic analysis of toxicants but also neuroprotective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Bonneau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; HORUS PHARMA, F-06200 Nice, France
| | - Anaïs Potey
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Michael-Adrien Vitoux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Romain Magny
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28 rue de Charenton, F-75012, Paris, France; Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, F-92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-Michel Peyrin
- Neurosciences Paris Seine, UMR8246, Inserm U1130, IBPS, UPMC, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28 rue de Charenton, F-75012, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Annabelle Réaux-Le Goazigo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.
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Yang Z, Yu J, Zhang J, Song H, Ye H, Liu J, Wang N, Che P, Long G, Wang Y, Park J, Ji SJ. Facilitation of axonal transcriptome analysis with quantitative microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2217-2227. [PMID: 37067243 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01183b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chambers are powerful tools for studying axonal mRNA localization and translation in neurons. In addition to specific manipulation and measurements of axons, microfluidic chambers are used for collecting axonal materials to perform axonal transcriptome analysis. However, traditional bipartite and tripartite chambers have limitations either in purity or quantity of collected axons. Here, we improved the design of traditional chambers. Moreover, we developed two new quantitative chambers, multi-compartmental quantitative bipartite chamber (MQBC) and long quantitative tripartite chamber (LQTC). Compared with the traditional chambers, MQBC and LQTC could dramatically increase the efficiency in collecting axonal RNA. Finally, we applied these chambers to do comparative axon transcriptome analysis of different types of neurons. Thus, our newly designed quantitative chambers significantly improve axon collection efficiency and facilitate axonal transcriptome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huixue Song
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Haixia Ye
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Nijia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Pengfei Che
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Gaoxin Long
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yunxuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jaewon Park
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- OJeong Resilience Institute (OJERI), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Sheng-Jian Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Li L, Yu J, Ji SJ. Axonal mRNA localization and translation: local events with broad roles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7379-7395. [PMID: 34698881 PMCID: PMC11072051 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) can be transported and targeted to different subcellular compartments and locally translated. Local translation is an evolutionally conserved mechanism that in mammals, provides an important tool to exquisitely regulate the subcellular proteome in different cell types, including neurons. Local translation in axons is involved in processes such as neuronal development, function, plasticity, and diseases. Here, we summarize the current progress on axonal mRNA transport and translation. We focus on the regulatory mechanisms governing how mRNAs are transported to axons and how they are locally translated in axons. We discuss the roles of axonally synthesized proteins, which either function locally in axons, or are retrogradely trafficked back to soma to achieve neuron-wide gene regulation. We also examine local translation in neurological diseases. Finally, we give a critical perspective on the remaining questions that could be answered to uncover the fundamental rules governing local translation, and discuss how this could lead to new therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng-Jian Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Developmental defects in Huntington's disease show that axonal growth and microtubule reorganization require NUMA1. Neuron 2021; 110:36-50.e5. [PMID: 34793694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the classic symptoms of Huntington's disease (HD) manifest in adulthood, neural progenitor cell behavior is already abnormal by 13 weeks' gestation. To determine how these developmental defects evolve, we turned to cell and mouse models. We found that layer II/III neurons that normally connect the hemispheres are limited in their growth in HD by microtubule bundling defects within the axonal growth cone, so that fewer axons cross the corpus callosum. Proteomic analyses of the growth cones revealed that NUMA1 (nuclear/mitotic apparatus protein 1) is downregulated in HD by miR-124. Suppressing NUMA1 in wild-type cells recapitulates the microtubule and axonal growth defects of HD, whereas raising NUMA1 levels with antagomiR-124 or stabilizing microtubules with epothilone B restores microtubule organization and rescues axonal growth. NUMA1 therefore regulates the microtubule network in the growth cone, and HD, which is traditionally conceived as a disease of intracellular trafficking, also disturbs the cytoskeletal network.
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van Erp S, van Berkel AA, Feenstra EM, Sahoo PK, Wagstaff LJ, Twiss JL, Fawcett JW, Eva R, Ffrench-Constant C. Age-related loss of axonal regeneration is reflected by the level of local translation. Exp Neurol 2021; 339:113594. [PMID: 33450233 PMCID: PMC8024785 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration capacity is reduced as CNS axons mature. Using laser-mediated axotomy, proteomics and puromycin-based tagging of newly-synthesized proteins in a human embryonic stem cell-derived neuron culture system that allows isolation of axons from cell bodies, we show here that efficient regeneration in younger axons (d45 in culture) is associated with local axonal protein synthesis (local translation). Enhanced regeneration, promoted by co-culture with human glial precursor cells, is associated with increased axonal synthesis of proteins, including those constituting the translation machinery itself. Reduced regeneration, as occurs with the maturation of these axons by d65 in culture, correlates with reduced levels of axonal proteins involved in translation and an inability to respond by increased translation of regeneration promoting axonal mRNAs released from stress granules. Together, our results provide evidence that, as in development and in the PNS, local translation contributes to CNS axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan van Erp
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh bioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Annemiek A van Berkel
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eline M Feenstra
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh bioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pabitra K Sahoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, SC, USA
| | - Laura J Wagstaff
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh bioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, SC, USA
| | - James W Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Eva
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charles Ffrench-Constant
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh bioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Lee B, Cho Y. Experimental Model Systems for Understanding Human Axonal Injury Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E474. [PMID: 33418850 PMCID: PMC7824864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are structurally unique and have dendrites and axons that are vulnerable to injury. Some neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) can regenerate their axons after injuries. However, most neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) fail to do so, resulting in irreversible neurological disorders. To understand the mechanisms of axon regeneration, various experimental models have been utilized in vivo and in vitro. Here, we collate the key experimental models that revealed the important mechanisms regulating axon regeneration and degeneration in different systems. We also discuss the advantages of experimenting with the rodent model, considering the application of these findings in understanding human diseases and for developing therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Laboratory of Axon Regeneration & Degeneration, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
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Suzuki N, Akiyama T, Warita H, Aoki M. Omics Approach to Axonal Dysfunction of Motor Neurons in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Front Neurosci 2020; 14:194. [PMID: 32269505 PMCID: PMC7109447 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an intractable adult-onset neurodegenerative disease that leads to the loss of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). The long axons of MNs become damaged during the early stages of ALS. Genetic and pathological analyses of ALS patients have revealed dysfunction in the MN axon homeostasis. However, the molecular pathomechanism for the degeneration of axons in ALS has not been fully elucidated. This review provides an overview of the proposed axonal pathomechanisms in ALS, including those involving the neuronal cytoskeleton, cargo transport within axons, axonal energy supply, clearance of junk protein, neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and aberrant axonal branching. To improve understanding of the global changes in axons, the review summarizes omics analyses of the axonal compartments of neurons in vitro and in vivo, including a motor nerve organoid approach that utilizes microfluidic devices developed by this research group. The review also discusses the relevance of intra-axonal transcription factors frequently identified in these omics analyses. Local axonal translation and the relationship among these pathomechanisms should be pursued further. The development of novel strategies to analyze axon fractions provides a new approach to establishing a detailed understanding of resilience of long MN and MN pathology in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Shodo-kai Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Akiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Warita
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Ostroff LE, Santini E, Sears R, Deane Z, Kanadia RN, LeDoux JE, Lhakhang T, Tsirigos A, Heguy A, Klann E. Axon TRAP reveals learning-associated alterations in cortical axonal mRNAs in the lateral amgydala. eLife 2019; 8:e51607. [PMID: 31825308 PMCID: PMC6924958 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Local translation can support memory consolidation by supplying new proteins to synapses undergoing plasticity. Translation in adult forebrain dendrites is an established mechanism of synaptic plasticity and is regulated by learning, yet there is no evidence for learning-regulated protein synthesis in adult forebrain axons, which have traditionally been believed to be incapable of translation. Here, we show that axons in the adult rat amygdala contain translation machinery, and use translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) with RNASeq to identify mRNAs in cortical axons projecting to the amygdala, over 1200 of which were regulated during consolidation of associative memory. Mitochondrial and translation-related genes were upregulated, whereas synaptic, cytoskeletal, and myelin-related genes were downregulated; the opposite effects were observed in the cortex. Our results demonstrate that axonal translation occurs in the adult forebrain and is altered after learning, supporting the likelihood that local translation is more a rule than an exception in neuronal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnaea E Ostroff
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsUnited States
| | | | - Robert Sears
- Center for Neural ScienceNew York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Emotional Brain InstituteNathan Kline Institute for Psychiatry ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Zachary Deane
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsUnited States
| | - Rahul N Kanadia
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsUnited States
| | - Joseph E LeDoux
- Center for Neural ScienceNew York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Emotional Brain InstituteNathan Kline Institute for Psychiatry ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
| | - Tenzin Lhakhang
- Applied Bioinformatics LaboratoriesNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Applied Bioinformatics LaboratoriesNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of PathologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Department of PathologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Genome Technology CenterNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural ScienceNew York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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Farias J, Sotelo JR, Sotelo‐Silveira J. Toward Axonal System Biology: Genome Wide Views of Local mRNA Translation. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900054. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquina Farias
- Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos NucleicosInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo CP 11600 Uruguay
- Departamento de GenómicaInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo CP 11600 Uruguay
| | - José Roberto Sotelo
- Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos NucleicosInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo CP 11600 Uruguay
| | - José Sotelo‐Silveira
- Departamento de GenómicaInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo CP 11600 Uruguay
- Sección Biología CelularFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Montevideo CP 11400 Uruguay
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11
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A novel Microproteomic Approach Using Laser Capture Microdissection to Study Cellular Protrusions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051172. [PMID: 30866487 PMCID: PMC6429397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell communication is vital to multicellular organisms, and distinct types of cellular protrusions play critical roles during development, cell signaling, and the spreading of pathogens and cancer. The differences in the structure and protein composition of these different types of protrusions and their specific functions have not been elucidated due to the lack of a method for their specific isolation and analysis. In this paper, we described, for the first time, a method to specifically isolate distinct protrusion subtypes, based on their morphological structures or fluorescent markers, using laser capture microdissection (LCM). Combined with a unique fixation and protein extraction protocol, we pushed the limits of microproteomics and demonstrate that proteins from LCM-isolated protrusions can successfully and reproducibly be identified by mass spectrometry using ultra-high field Orbitrap technologies. Our method confirmed that different types of protrusions have distinct proteomes and it promises to advance the characterization and the understanding of these unique structures to shed light on their possible role in health and disease.
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12
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Ray P, Torck A, Quigley L, Wangzhou A, Neiman M, Rao C, Lam T, Kim JY, Kim TH, Zhang MQ, Dussor G, Price TJ. Comparative transcriptome profiling of the human and mouse dorsal root ganglia: an RNA-seq-based resource for pain and sensory neuroscience research. Pain 2019; 159:1325-1345. [PMID: 29561359 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular neurobiological insight into human nervous tissues is needed to generate next-generation therapeutics for neurological disorders such as chronic pain. We obtained human dorsal root ganglia (hDRG) samples from organ donors and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to study the hDRG transcriptional landscape, systematically comparing it with publicly available data from a variety of human and orthologous mouse tissues, including mouse DRG (mDRG). We characterized the hDRG transcriptional profile in terms of tissue-restricted gene coexpression patterns and putative transcriptional regulators, and formulated an information-theoretic framework to quantify DRG enrichment. Relevant gene families and pathways were also analyzed, including transcription factors, G-protein-coupled receptors, and ion channels. Our analyses reveal an hDRG-enriched protein-coding gene set (∼140), some of which have not been described in the context of DRG or pain signaling. Most of these show conserved enrichment in mDRG and were mined for known drug-gene product interactions. Conserved enrichment of the vast majority of transcription factors suggests that the mDRG is a faithful model system for studying hDRG, because of evolutionarily conserved regulatory programs. Comparison of hDRG and tibial nerve transcriptomes suggests trafficking of neuronal mRNA to axons in adult hDRG, and are consistent with studies of axonal transport in rodent sensory neurons. We present our work as an online, searchable repository (https://www.utdallas.edu/bbs/painneurosciencelab/sensoryomics/drgtxome), creating a valuable resource for the community. Our analyses provide insight into DRG biology for guiding development of novel therapeutics and a blueprint for cross-species transcriptomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ray
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Torck
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Lilyana Quigley
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Andi Wangzhou
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Neiman
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Chandranshu Rao
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Tiffany Lam
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Gregory Dussor
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Theodore J Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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13
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Khalil B, Morderer D, Price PL, Liu F, Rossoll W. mRNP assembly, axonal transport, and local translation in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res 2018; 1693:75-91. [PMID: 29462608 PMCID: PMC5997521 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development, maturation, and maintenance of the mammalian nervous system rely on complex spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression. In neurons, this is achieved by the expression of differentially localized isoforms and specific sets of mRNA-binding proteins (mRBPs) that regulate RNA processing, mRNA trafficking, and local protein synthesis at remote sites within dendrites and axons. There is growing evidence that axons contain a specialized transcriptome and are endowed with the machinery that allows them to rapidly alter their local proteome via local translation and protein degradation. This enables axons to quickly respond to changes in their environment during development, and to facilitate axon regeneration and maintenance in adult organisms. Aside from providing autonomy to neuronal processes, local translation allows axons to send retrograde injury signals to the cell soma. In this review, we discuss evidence that disturbances in mRNP transport, granule assembly, axonal localization, and local translation contribute to pathology in various neurodegenerative diseases, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Khalil
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Dmytro Morderer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Phillip L Price
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Feilin Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA; Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA.
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14
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Chuang CF, King CE, Ho BW, Chien KY, Chang YC. Unbiased Proteomic Study of the Axons of Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1953-1966. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kun-Yi Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Clinical Proteomics Core Laboratory, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
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15
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Marcello E, Di Luca M, Gardoni F. Synapse-to-nucleus communication: from developmental disorders to Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 48:160-166. [PMID: 29316492 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade several synaptonuclear protein messengers including Jacob, CRTC1, AIDA-1, ProSaP2/Shank3 and RNF10 have been identified and characterized as key players for modulation of synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. Activation of excitatory glutamatergic synapses leads to their shuttling from the synapse to the nucleus, mostly importin-mediated, and subsequent regulation of gene transcription needed for long lasting modifications of synaptic function. Accordingly, increasing evidences show that alterations of the activity of synaptonuclear messengers are correlated to synaptic failure as observed in different synaptopathies. Specifically, recent studies demonstrate that the modulation of the activity of synaptonuclear messengers could represent a novel molecular target in the pathogenesis of both neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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16
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Etxebeste O, Espeso EA. Neurons show the path: tip-to-nucleus communication in filamentous fungal development and pathogenesis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 40:610-24. [PMID: 27587717 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple fungal species penetrate substrates and accomplish host invasion through the fast, permanent and unidirectional extension of filamentous cells known as hyphae. Polar growth of hyphae results, however, in a significant increase in the distance between the polarity site, which also receives the earliest information about ambient conditions, and nuclei, where adaptive responses are executed. Recent studies demonstrate that these long distances are overcome by signal transduction pathways which convey sensory information from the polarity site to nuclei, controlling development and pathogenesis. The present review compares the striking connections of the mechanisms for long-distance communication in hyphae with those from neurons, and discusses the importance of their study in order to understand invasion and dissemination processes of filamentous fungi, and design strategies for developmental control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oier Etxebeste
- Biochemistry II laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eduardo A Espeso
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Terenzio M, Schiavo G, Fainzilber M. Compartmentalized Signaling in Neurons: From Cell Biology to Neuroscience. Neuron 2017; 96:667-679. [PMID: 29096079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are the largest known cells, with complex and highly polarized morphologies. As such, neuronal signaling is highly compartmentalized, requiring sophisticated transfer mechanisms to convey and integrate information within and between sub-neuronal compartments. Here, we survey different modes of compartmentalized signaling in neurons, highlighting examples wherein the fundamental cell biological processes of protein synthesis and degradation, membrane trafficking, and organelle transport are employed to enable the encoding and integration of information, locally and globally within a neuron. Comparisons to other cell types indicate that neurons accentuate widely shared mechanisms, providing invaluable models for the compartmentalization and transfer mechanisms required and used by most eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Terenzio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine at UCL, London WC1N 3BG, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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18
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Early Commissural Diencephalic Neurons Control Habenular Axon Extension and Targeting. Curr Biol 2017; 27:270-278. [PMID: 28065605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Most neuronal populations form on both the left and right sides of the brain. Their efferent axons appear to grow synchronously along similar pathways on each side, although the neurons or their environment often differ between the two hemispheres [1-4]. How this coordination is controlled has received little attention. Frequently, neurons establish interhemispheric connections, which can function to integrate information between brain hemispheres (e.g., [5]). Such commissures form very early, suggesting their potential developmental role in coordinating ipsilateral axon navigation during embryonic development [4]. To address the temporal-spatial control of bilateral axon growth, we applied long-term time-lapse imaging to visualize the formation of the conserved left-right asymmetric habenular neural circuit in the developing zebrafish embryo [6]. Although habenular neurons are born at different times across brain hemispheres [7], we found that elongation of habenular axons occurs synchronously. The initiation of axon extension is not controlled within the habenular network itself but through an early developing proximal diencephalic network. The commissural neurons of this network influence habenular axons both ipsilaterally and contralaterally. Their unilateral absence impairs commissure formation and coordinated habenular axon elongation and causes their subsequent arrest on both sides of the brain. Thus, habenular neural circuit formation depends on a second intersecting commissural network, which facilitates the exchange of information between hemispheres required for ipsilaterally projecting habenular axons. This mechanism of network formation may well apply to other circuits, and has only remained undiscovered due to technical limitations.
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19
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Ivanova D, Dirks A, Fejtova A. Bassoon and piccolo regulate ubiquitination and link presynaptic molecular dynamics with activity-regulated gene expression. J Physiol 2016; 594:5441-8. [PMID: 26915533 DOI: 10.1113/jp271826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Release of neurotransmitter is executed by complex multiprotein machinery, which is assembled around the presynaptic cytomatrix at the active zone. One well-established function of this proteinaceous scaffold is the spatial organization of synaptic vesicle cluster, the protein complexes that execute membrane fusion and compensatory endocytosis, and the transmembrane molecules important for alignment of pre- and postsynaptic structures. The presynaptic cytomatrix proteins function also in processes other than the formation of a static frame for assembly of the release apparatus and synaptic vesicle cycling. They actively contribute to the regulation of multiple steps in this process and are themselves an important subject of regulation during neuronal plasticity. We are only beginning to understand the mechanisms and signalling pathways controlling these regulations. They are mainly dependent on posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and small-molecules conjugation, such as ubiquitination. Ubiquitination of presynaptic proteins might lead to their degradation by proteasomes, but evidence is growing that this modification also affects their function independently of their degradation. Signalling from presynapse to nucleus, which works on a much slower time scale and more globally, emerged as an important mechanism for persistent usage-dependent and homeostatic neuronal plasticity. Recently, two new functions for the largest presynaptic scaffolding proteins bassoon and piccolo emerged. They were implied (1) in the regulation of specific protein ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated proteolysis that potentially contributes to short-term plasticity at the presynapse and (2) in the coupling of activity-induced molecular rearrangements at the presynapse with reprogramming of expression of neuronal activity-regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ivanova
- RG Presynaptic Plasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anika Dirks
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Fejtova
- RG Presynaptic Plasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
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20
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Yoshikawa M, Masuda T, Kobayashi A, Senzaki K, Ozaki S, Aizawa S, Shiga T. Runx1 contributes to the functional switching of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) from neurite outgrowth promoting to suppressing in dorsal root ganglion. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 72:114-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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21
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Twiss JL, Merianda TT. Old dogs with new tricks: intra-axonal translation of nuclear proteins. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1560-2. [PMID: 26692839 PMCID: PMC4660735 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.165264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA ; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tanuja T Merianda
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Lezana JP, Dagan SY, Robinson A, Goldstein RS, Fainzilber M, Bronfman FC, Bronfman M. Axonal PPARγ promotes neuronal regeneration after injury. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 76:688-701. [PMID: 26446277 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PPARγ is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor best known for its involvement in adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis. PPARγ activity has also been associated with neuroprotection in different neurological disorders, but the mechanisms involved in PPARγ effects in the nervous system are still unknown. Here we describe a new functional role for PPARγ in neuronal responses to injury. We found both PPAR transcripts and protein within sensory axons and observed an increase in PPARγ protein levels after sciatic nerve crush. This was correlated with increased retrograde transport of PPARγ after injury, increased association of PPARγ with the molecular motor dynein, and increased nuclear accumulation of PPARγ in cell bodies of sensory neurons. Furthermore, PPARγ antagonists attenuated the response of sensory neurons to sciatic nerve injury, and inhibited axonal growth of both sensory and cortical neurons in culture. Thus, axonal PPARγ is involved in neuronal injury responses required for axonal regeneration. Since PPARγ is a major molecular target of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of drugs used in the treatment of type II diabetes, several pharmaceutical agents with acceptable safety profiles in humans are available. Our findings provide motivation and rationale for the evaluation of such agents for efficacy in central and peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Lezana
- Department of Physiology, Millenium Nucleus in Regenerative Biology (MINREB) and CARE Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CARE Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shachar Y Dagan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ari Robinson
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Ronald S Goldstein
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Francisca C Bronfman
- Department of Physiology, Millenium Nucleus in Regenerative Biology (MINREB) and CARE Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Bronfman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CARE Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
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23
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Abstract
Neurons are extremely polarized cells. Axon lengths often exceed the dimension of the neuronal cell body by several orders of magnitude. These extreme axonal lengths imply that neurons have mastered efficient mechanisms for long distance signaling between soma and synaptic terminal. These elaborate mechanisms are required for neuronal development and maintenance of the nervous system. Neurons can fine-tune long distance signaling through calcium wave propagation and bidirectional transport of proteins, vesicles, and mRNAs along microtubules. The signal transmission over extreme lengths also ensures that information about axon injury is communicated to the soma and allows for repair mechanisms to be engaged. This review focuses on the different mechanisms employed by neurons to signal over long axonal distances and how signals are interpreted in the soma, with an emphasis on proteomic studies. We also discuss how proteomic approaches could help further deciphering the signaling mechanisms operating over long distance in axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- From the ‡Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St Louis, 63110, Missouri
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- From the ‡Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St Louis, 63110, Missouri.
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24
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Zhang Y, Chopp M, Liu XS, Kassis H, Wang X, Li C, An G, Zhang ZG. MicroRNAs in the axon locally mediate the effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and cGMP on axonal growth. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 75:1402-19. [PMID: 25788427 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Axonal miRNAs locally regulate axonal growth by modulating local protein composition. Whether localized miRNAs in the axon mediate the inhibitory effect of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on the axon remains unknown. We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. Specifically, CSPGs elevated and reduced axonal levels of miR-29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins, respectively, while elevation of cGMP levels overcame these CSPG effects. Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-29c in the distal axon mediates axonal growth downstream of CSPGs and cGMP by regulating axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA. Together, our data demonstrate that axonal miRNAs play an important role in mediating the inhibitory action of CSPGs on axonal growth and that miR-29c at least partially mediates this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309
| | - Xian Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Haifa Kassis
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | | | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
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25
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Chang TY, Cheng PL. Relay of cyclin-dependent kinases in the regulation of axonal growth. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:259-61. [PMID: 26102184 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the most perplexing problems in neuronal morphogenesis is how local polarity signals echo genetic instructions to establish structural and functional asymmetry of neuronal compartments, i.e., axons, dendrites, and synapses. However studying these phenomena is complicated because both genes and the local environment influence the phenotype of developing neurons. Cell cycle-associated nuclear transcription regulators involved in axon extension, for example Cdk12 and Cdk13, thus provide ideal models for connecting spatially separated events at specific developmental time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ya Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan.
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26
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Maizels Y, Gerlitz G. Shaping of interphase chromosomes by the microtubule network. FEBS J 2015; 282:3500-24. [PMID: 26040675 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that microtubule dynamics play a major role in chromosome condensation and localization during mitosis. During interphase, however, it is assumed that the metazoan nuclear envelope presents a physical barrier, which inhibits interaction between the microtubules located in the cytoplasm and the chromatin fibers located in the nucleus. In recent years, it has become apparent that microtubule dynamics alter chromatin structure and function during interphase as well. Microtubule motor proteins transport several transcription factors and exogenous DNA (such as plasmid DNA) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Various soluble microtubule components are able to translocate into the nucleus, where they bind various chromatin elements leading to transcriptional alterations. In addition, microtubules may apply force on the nuclear envelope, which is transmitted into the nucleus, leading to changes in chromatin structure. Thus, microtubule dynamics during interphase may affect chromatin spatial organization, as well as transcription, replication and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Maizels
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Gabi Gerlitz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Israel
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27
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Growth Cone Localization of the mRNA Encoding the Chromatin Regulator HMGN5 Modulates Neurite Outgrowth. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2035-50. [PMID: 25825524 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00133-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons exploit local mRNA translation and retrograde transport of transcription factors to regulate gene expression in response to signaling events at distal neuronal ends. Whether epigenetic factors could also be involved in such regulation is not known. We report that the mRNA encoding the high-mobility group N5 (HMGN5) chromatin binding protein localizes to growth cones of both neuron-like cells and of hippocampal neurons, where it has the potential to be translated, and that HMGN5 can be retrogradely transported into the nucleus along neurites. Loss of HMGN5 function induces transcriptional changes and impairs neurite outgrowth, while HMGN5 overexpression induces neurite outgrowth and chromatin decompaction; these effects are dependent on growth cone localization of Hmgn5 mRNA. We suggest that the localization and local translation of transcripts coding for epigenetic factors couple the dynamic neuronal outgrowth process with chromatin regulation in the nucleus.
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28
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Baleriola J, Walker CA, Jean YY, Crary JF, Troy CM, Nagy PL, Hengst U. Axonally synthesized ATF4 transmits a neurodegenerative signal across brain regions. Cell 2015; 158:1159-1172. [PMID: 25171414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, exposure of axons to Aβ causes pathogenic changes that spread retrogradely by unknown mechanisms, affecting the entire neuron. We found that locally applied Aβ1-42 initiates axonal synthesis of a defined set of proteins including the transcription factor ATF4. Inhibition of local translation and retrograde transport or knockdown of axonal Atf4 mRNA abolished Aβ-induced ATF4 transcriptional activity and cell loss. Aβ1-42 injection into the dentate gyrus (DG) of mice caused loss of forebrain neurons whose axons project to the DG. Protein synthesis and Atf4 mRNA were upregulated in these axons, and coinjection of Atf4 siRNA into the DG reduced the effects of Aβ1-42 in the forebrain. ATF4 protein and transcripts were found with greater frequency in axons in the brain of AD patients. These results reveal an active role for intra-axonal translation in neurodegeneration and identify ATF4 as a mediator for the spread of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Baleriola
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chandler A Walker
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ying Y Jean
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John F Crary
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carol M Troy
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter L Nagy
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ulrich Hengst
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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29
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Lu Y, Belin S, He Z. Signaling regulations of neuronal regenerative ability. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 27:135-42. [PMID: 24727245 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Different from physiological axon growth during development, a major limiting factor for successful axon regeneration is the poor intrinsic regenerative capacity in mature neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies identified several molecular pathways, including PTEN/mTOR, Jak/STAT, DLK/JNK, providing important probes in investigating the mechanisms by which the regenerative ability is regulated. This review will summarize these recent findings and speculate their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stéphane Belin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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30
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Sotelo-Silveira JR, Holt CE. Introduction to the special issue on local protein synthesis in axons. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 74:207-9. [PMID: 24382841 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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