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Tang-Wing C, Mohanty I, Bryant M, Makowski K, Melendez D, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Caraballo-Rodríguez AM, Allaband C, Jenné K. Impact of diet change on the gut microbiome of common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus). mSystems 2024; 9:e0010824. [PMID: 38975760 PMCID: PMC11334461 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00108-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal diseases are the most frequently reported clinical problems in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), often affecting the health and welfare of the animal and ultimately their use as a research subject. The microbiome has been shown to be intimately connected to diet and gastrointestinal health. Here, we use shotgun metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics in fecal samples of common marmosets collected before, during, and after a dietary transition from a biscuit to a gel diet. The overall health of marmosets, measured as weight recovery and reproductive outcome, improved after the diet transition. Moreover, each marmoset pair had significant shifts in the microbiome and metabolome after the diet transition. In general, we saw a decrease in Escherichia coli and Prevotella species and an increase in Bifidobacterium species. Untargeted metabolic profiles indicated that polyamine levels, specifically cadaverine and putrescine, were high after diet transition, suggesting either an increase in excretion or a decrease in intestinal reabsorption at the intestinal level. In conclusion, our data suggest that Bifidobacterium species could potentially be useful as probiotic supplements to the laboratory marmoset diet. Future studies with a larger sample size will be beneficial to show that this is consistent with the diet change. IMPORTANCE Appropriate diet and health of the common marmoset in captivity are essential both for the welfare of the animal and to improve experimental outcomes. Our study shows that a gel diet compared to a biscuit diet improves the health of a marmoset colony, is linked to increases in Bifidobacterium species, and increases the removal of molecules associated with disease. The diet transition had an influence on the molecular changes at both the pair and time point group levels, but only at the pair level for the microbial changes. It appears to be more important which genes and functions present changed rather than specific microbes. Further studies are needed to identify specific components that should be considered when choosing an appropriate diet and additional supplementary foods, as well as to validate the benefits of providing probiotics. Probiotics containing Bifidobacterium species appear to be useful as probiotic supplements to the laboratory marmoset diet, but additional work is needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Tang-Wing
- Animal Care Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ipsita Mohanty
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - MacKenzie Bryant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Katherine Makowski
- Animal Care Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daira Melendez
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Celeste Allaband
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Keith Jenné
- Animal Care Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Finnegan PM, Garber PA, McKenney AC, Bicca-Marques JC, De la Fuente MF, Abreu F, Souto A, Schiel N, Amato KR, Mallott EK. Group membership, not diet, structures the composition and functional potential of the gut microbiome in a wild primate. mSphere 2024; 9:e0023324. [PMID: 38940510 PMCID: PMC11288025 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00233-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has the potential to buffer temporal variations in resource availability and consumption, which may play a key role in the ability of animals to adapt to a broad range of habitats. We investigated the temporal composition and function of the gut microbiomes of wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) exploiting a hot, dry environment-Caatinga-in northeastern Brazil. We collected fecal samples during two time periods (July-August and February-March) for 2 years from marmosets belonging to eight social groups. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, and butyrate RT-qPCR to assess changes in the composition and potential function of their gut microbiomes. Additionally, we identified the plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate components of the marmosets' diet via DNA metabarcoding. Invertebrate, but not plant or vertebrate, consumption varied across the year. However, gut microbiome composition and potential function did not markedly vary across study periods or as a function of diet composition. Instead, the gut microbiome differed markedly in both composition and potential function across marmosets residing in different social groups. We highlight the likely role of factors, such as behavior, residence, and environmental heterogeneity, in modulating the structure of the gut microbiome. IMPORTANCE In a highly socially cohesive and cooperative primate, group membership more strongly predicts gut microbiome composition and function than diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Finnegan
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul A. Garber
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Anna C. McKenney
- Department of Natural Sciences, Parkland College, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Júlio César Bicca-Marques
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católicado Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Filipa Abreu
- Comparative BioCognition, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Antonio Souto
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Katherine R. Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Mallott
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Mitchell JF, Wang KH, Batista AP, Miller CT. An ethologically motivated neurobiology of primate visually-guided reach-to-grasp behavior. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102872. [PMID: 38564829 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The precision of primate visually guided reaching likely evolved to meet the many challenges faced by living in arboreal environments, yet much of what we know about the underlying primate brain organization derives from a set of highly constrained experimental paradigms. Here we review the role of vision to guide natural reach-to-grasp movements in marmoset monkey prey capture to illustrate the breadth and diversity of these behaviors in ethological contexts, the fast predictive nature of these movements [1,2], and the advantages of this particular primate model to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms in more naturalistic contexts [3]. In addition to their amenability to freely-moving neural recording methods for investigating the neural basis of dynamic ethological behaviors [4,5], marmosets have a smooth neocortical surface that facilitates imaging and array recordings [6,7] in all areas in the primate fronto-parietal network [8,9]. Together, this model organism offers novel opportunities to study the real-world interplay between primate vision and reach-to-grasp dynamics using ethologically motivated neuroscientific experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude F Mitchell
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department, University of Rochester, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA.
| | - Kuan Hong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA
| | - Aaron P Batista
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Cory T Miller
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, USA.
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4
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Phaniraj N, Brügger RK, Burkart JM. Marmosets mutually compensate for differences in rhythms when coordinating vigilance. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012104. [PMID: 38748738 PMCID: PMC11132515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Synchronization is widespread in animals, and studies have often emphasized how this seemingly complex phenomenon can emerge from very simple rules. However, the amount of flexibility and control that animals might have over synchronization properties, such as the strength of coupling, remains underexplored. Here, we studied how pairs of marmoset monkeys coordinated vigilance while feeding. By modeling them as coupled oscillators, we noted that (1) individual marmosets do not show perfect periodicity in vigilance behaviors, (2) nevertheless, marmoset pairs started to take turns being vigilant over time, a case of anti-phase synchrony, (3) marmosets could couple flexibly; the coupling strength varied with every new joint feeding bout, and (4) marmosets could control the coupling strength; dyads showed increased coupling if they began in a more desynchronized state. Such flexibility and control over synchronization require more than simple interaction rules. Minimally, animals must estimate the current degree of asynchrony and adjust their behavior accordingly. Moreover, the fact that each marmoset is inherently non-periodic adds to the cognitive demand. Overall, our study provides a mathematical framework to investigate the cognitive demands involved in coordinating behaviors in animals, regardless of whether individual behaviors are rhythmic or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Phaniraj
- Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rahel K. Brügger
- Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Judith M. Burkart
- Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution (ISLE), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Soman RR, Fabiszak MM, McPhee M, Schade P, Freiwald W, Brivanlou AH. High resolution dynamic ultrasound atlas of embryonic and fetal development of the common marmoset. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:1319-1328. [PMID: 38446290 PMCID: PMC11143105 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) provides an ideal model to study early development of primates, and an in vivo platform to validate conclusions from in vitro studies of human embryos and embryo models. Currently, however, no established staging atlas of marmoset embryonic development exists. Using high-resolution, longitudinal ultrasound scans on live pregnant marmosets, we present the first dynamic in vivo imaging of entire primate gestation beginning with attachment until the last day before birth. METHODS Our study unveils the first dynamic images of an in vivo attached mammalian embryo developing in utero, and the intricacies of the delayed development period unique to the common marmoset amongst primates, revealing a window for somatic interventions. RESULTS Established obstetric and embryologic measurements for each scan were used comparatively with the standardized Carnegie staging of human development to highlight similarities and differences. Our study also allows for tracking the development of major organs. We focus on the ontogeny of the primate heart and brain. Finally, input ultrasound images were used to train deep neural networks to accurately determine the gestational age. All our ultrasounds and staging data recording are posted online so that the atlas can be used as a community resource toward monitoring and managing marmoset breeding colonies. CONCLUSION The temporal and spatial resolution of ultrasound achieved in this study demonstrates the promise of noninvasive imaging in the marmoset for the in vivo study of primate-specific aspects of embryonic and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan R Soman
- Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Synthetic Embryology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret M Fabiszak
- Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael McPhee
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Schade
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Winrich Freiwald
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali H Brivanlou
- Laboratory of Synthetic Embryology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Xavier DP, Abreu F, Souto A, Schiel N. Choosing the best way: how wild common marmosets travel to efficiently exploit resources. Anim Cogn 2024; 27:20. [PMID: 38429612 PMCID: PMC10907437 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
While foraging, animals have to find potential food sites, remember these sites, and plan the best navigation route. To deal with problems associated with foraging for multiple and patchy resources, primates may employ heuristic strategies to improve foraging success. Until now, no study has attempted to investigate experimentally the use of such strategies by a primate in a context involving foraging in large-scale space. Thus, we carried out an experimental field study that aimed to test if wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) employ heuristic strategies to efficiently navigate through multiple feeding sites distributed in a large-scale space. In our experiment, we arranged four feeding platforms in a trapezoid configuration with up to 60 possible routes and observe marmosets' decisions under two experimental conditions. In experimental condition I, all platforms contained the same amount of food; in experimental condition II, the platforms had different amounts of food. According to the number and arrangement of the platforms, we tested two heuristic strategies: the Nearest Neighbor Rule and the Gravity Rule. Our results revealed that wild common marmosets prefer to use routes consistent with a heuristic strategy more than expected by chance, regardless of food distribution. The findings also demonstrate that common marmosets seem to integrate different factors such as distance and quantity of food across multiple sites distributed over a large-scale space, employing a combination of heuristic strategies to select the most efficient routes available. In summary, our findings confirm our expectations and provide important insights into the spatial cognition of these small neotropical primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dêverton Plácido Xavier
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ethology, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Filipa Abreu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ethology, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Souto
- Laboratory of Ethology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ethology, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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7
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Atasoy MO, Naggar RFE, Rohaim MA, Munir M. Zoonotic and Zooanthroponotic Potential of Monkeypox. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1451:75-90. [PMID: 38801572 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The current multicounty outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) posed an emerging and continued challenge to already strained public healthcare sector, around the globe. Since its first identification, monkeypox disease (mpox) remained enzootic in Central and West African countries where reports of human cases are sporadically described. Recent trends in mpox spread outside the Africa have highlighted increased incidence of spillover of the MPXV from animal to humans. While nature of established animal reservoirs remained undefined, several small mammals including rodents, carnivores, lagomorphs, insectivores, non-human primates, domestic/farm animals, and several species of wildlife are proposed to be carrier of the MPXV infection. There are established records of animal-to-human (zoonotic) spread of MPXV through close interaction of humans with animals by eating bushmeat, contracting bodily fluids or trading possibly infected animals. In contrast, there are reports and increasing possibilities of human-to-animal (zooanthroponotic) spread of the MPXV through petting and close interaction with pet owners and animal care workers. We describe here the rationales and molecular factors which predispose the spread of MPXV not only amongst humans but also from animals to humans. A range of continuing opportunities for the spread and evolution of MPXV are discussed to consider risks beyond the currently identified groups. With the possibility of MPXV establishing itself in animal reservoirs, continued and broad surveillance, investigation into unconventional transmissions, and exploration of spillover events are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa O Atasoy
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Furness College, Lancaster University, Tower Ave, Bailrigg, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Rania F El Naggar
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Furness College, Lancaster University, Tower Ave, Bailrigg, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Mohammed A Rohaim
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Furness College, Lancaster University, Tower Ave, Bailrigg, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Furness College, Lancaster University, Tower Ave, Bailrigg, LA1 4YG, UK.
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8
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Benvenuto C, Lorenzi MC. Social regulation of reproduction: control or signal? Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:1028-1040. [PMID: 37385846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, dominant breeders have been considered to be able to control the reproduction of other individuals in multimember groups that have high variance in reproductive success/reproductive skew (e.g., forced sterility/coercion of conspecifics in eusocial animals; sex-change suppression in sequential hermaphrodites). These actions are typically presented as active impositions by reproductively dominant individuals. However, how can individuals regulate the reproductive physiology of others? Alternatively, all contestants make reproductive decisions, and less successful individuals self-downregulate reproduction in the presence of dominant breeders. Shifting perspective from a top-down manipulation to a broader view, which includes all contenders, and using a multitaxon approach, we propose a unifying framework for the resolution of reproductive skew conflicts based on signalling rather than control, along a continuum of levels of strategic regulation of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Benvenuto
- School of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
| | - Maria Cristina Lorenzi
- Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LEEC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
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Shaw L, Wang KH, Mitchell J. Fast prediction in marmoset reach-to-grasp movements for dynamic prey. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2557-2565.e4. [PMID: 37279754 PMCID: PMC10330526 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Primates have evolved sophisticated, visually guided reaching behaviors for interacting with dynamic objects, such as insects, during foraging.1,2,3,4,5 Reaching control in dynamic natural conditions requires active prediction of the target's future position to compensate for visuo-motor processing delays and to enhance online movement adjustments.6,7,8,9,10,11,12 Past reaching research in non-human primates mainly focused on seated subjects engaged in repeated ballistic arm movements to either stationary targets or targets that instantaneously change position during the movement.13,14,15,16,17 However, those approaches impose task constraints that limit the natural dynamics of reaching. A recent field study in marmoset monkeys highlights predictive aspects of visually guided reaching during insect prey capture among wild marmoset monkeys.5 To examine the complementary dynamics of similar natural behavior within a laboratory context, we developed an ecologically motivated, unrestrained reach-to-grasp task involving live crickets. We used multiple high-speed video cameras to capture the movements of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and crickets stereoscopically and applied machine vision algorithms for marker-free object and hand tracking. Contrary to estimates under traditional constrained reaching paradigms, we find that reaching for dynamic targets can operate at incredibly short visuo-motor delays around 80 ms, rivaling the speeds that are typical of the oculomotor systems during closed-loop visual pursuit.18 Multivariate linear regression modeling of the kinematic relationships between the hand and cricket velocity revealed that predictions of the expected future location can compensate for visuo-motor delays during fast reaching. These results suggest a critical role of visual prediction facilitating online movement adjustments for dynamic prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kuan Hong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Jude Mitchell
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14611, USA.
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Wowk ZM, Behie AM. "The influence of olfactory enrichment on the behavior of two captive New World primates: Black-capped capuchin (Sapajus apella) and common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)". Zoo Biol 2022; 42:231-242. [PMID: 36125165 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment is an animal husbandry principle that seeks to provide the stimuli necessary for the optimal physiological and psychological well-being of animals. Due to primates having highly developed visual systems, there have been limited attempts to quantify the benefit of olfactory enrichment on captive primate populations. We aim to investigate how a range of odors may influence the behaviors of two captive New World primate species that have varying reliance on olfactory pathways, black-capped capuchin (Sapajus apella) and common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), at the National Zoo and Aquarium, Canberra, Australia. We presented three odors (rosemary oil, Salvia rosmarinus, banana essence and white-tailed deer urine, Odocoileus virginianus) four different times to the two species following a 12-week randomized schedule. Using instantaneous scan sampling we collected behavioral and direct cloth interaction (DCI) data on 40 days. We then calculated activity budgets. Results show both species significantly respond to different olfactory conditions. S. apella responded to banana by decreasing inactivity (df = 4, F = 6.600, p = .007), and increasing DCI frequencies (df = 3, F = 116.196, p < .0001) whereas C. jacchus was influenced by rosemary and deer urine-also reducing inactivity levels (df= 4, F = 15.938, p < .0001), but not changing DCI frequencies. We also tested habituation however it is not significant for either species over the course of the study. This comparative investigation is one of the first of its kind and uncovers the possibility for olfactory stimulus to be successfully used as a type of beneficial environmental enrichment for captive primates, supporting the constructive and ongoing development of enrichment programs at captive facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoia M Wowk
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australia National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alison M Behie
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australia National University, Canberra, Australia
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11
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Malta A, Caselli C, Souto A, De la Fuente MF, Schiel N. Number of adult females in a group affects infant motor development of a cooperative breeding primate (Callithrix jacchus). Primates 2022; 63:683-689. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-022-01016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Hirohata T, Kitano T, Saeki C, Baba K, Yoshida F, Kurihara T, Harada K, Saito S, Mochizuki H, Shimodozono M. Quantitative behavioral evaluation of a non-human primate stroke model using a new monitoring system. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:964928. [PMID: 36117634 PMCID: PMC9475201 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.964928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has attracted significant interest as a non-human primate stroke model. Functional impairment in non-human primate stroke models should be evaluated quantitatively and successively after stroke, but conventional observational assessments of behavior cannot fully fit this purpose. In this paper, we report a behavioral analysis using MarmoDetector, a three-dimensional motion analysis, in an ischemic stroke model using photosensitive dye, along with an observational behavioral assessment and imaging examination. Methods Ischemic stroke was induced in the left hemisphere of three marmosets. Cerebral infarction was induced by intravenous injection of rose bengal and irradiation with green light. The following day, the success of the procedure was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The distance traveled, speed, activity time, and jumps/climbs were observed for 28 days after stroke using MarmoDetector. We also assessed the marmosets’ specific movements and postural abnormalities using conventional neurological scores. Results Magnetic resonance imaging diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted images showed hyperintense signals, indicating cerebral infarction in all three marmosets. MarmoDetector data showed that the both indices immediately after stroke onset and gradually improved over weeks. Neurological scores were the worst immediately after stroke and did not recover to pre-infarction levels during the observation period (28 days). A significant correlation was observed between MarmoDetector data and conventional neurological scores. Conclusion In this study, we showed that MarmoDetector can quantitatively evaluate behavioral changes in the acute to subacute phases stroke models. This technique can be practical for research on the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and for the development of new therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Hirohata
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takaya Kitano
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chizu Saeki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Academic Research Division, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kousuke Baba,
| | - Fumiaki Yoshida
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Fumiaki Yoshida,
| | - Takashi Kurihara
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Takashi Kurihara,
| | - Katsuhiro Harada
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Saito
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Megumi Shimodozono
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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13
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Ngo V, Gorman JC, De la Fuente MF, Souto A, Schiel N, Miller CT. Active vision during prey capture in wild marmoset monkeys. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3423-3428.e3. [PMID: 35750054 PMCID: PMC10203885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A foundational pressure in the evolution of all animals is the ability to travel through the world, inherently coupling the sensory and motor systems. While this relationship has been explored in several species,1-4 it has been largely overlooked in primates, which have typically relied on paradigms in which head-restrained subjects view stimuli on screens.5 Natural visual behaviors, by contrast, are typified by locomotion through the environment guided by active sensing as animals explore and interact with the world,4,6 a relationship well illustrated by prey capture.7-12 Here, we characterized prey capture in wild marmoset monkeys as they negotiated their dynamic, arboreal habitat to illustrate the inherent role of vision as an active process in natural nonhuman primate behavior. Not only do marmosets share the core properties of vision that typify the primate Order,13-18 but they are prolific hunters that prey on a diverse set of prey animals.19-22 Marmosets pursued prey using vision in several different contexts, but executed precise visually guided motor control that predominantly involved grasping with hands for successful capture of prey. Applying markerless tracking for the first time in wild primates yielded novel findings that precisely quantified how marmosets track insects prior to initiating an attack and the rapid visually guided corrections of the hands during capture. These findings offer the first detailed insight into the active nature of vision to guide multiple facets of a natural goal-directed behavior in wild primates and can inform future laboratory studies of natural primate visual behaviors and the supporting neural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ngo
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Julia C Gorman
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - María Fernanda De la Fuente
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba 58429-500, Brazil; Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Souto
- Laboratório de Etologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Cory T Miller
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
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14
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Correia-Caeiro C, Burrows A, Wilson DA, Abdelrahman A, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T. CalliFACS: The common marmoset Facial Action Coding System. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266442. [PMID: 35580128 PMCID: PMC9113598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial expressions are subtle cues, central for communication and conveying emotions in mammals. Traditionally, facial expressions have been classified as a whole (e.g. happy, angry, bared-teeth), due to automatic face processing in the human brain, i.e., humans categorise emotions globally, but are not aware of subtle or isolated cues such as an eyebrow raise. Moreover, the same facial configuration (e.g. lip corners pulled backwards exposing teeth) can convey widely different information depending on the species (e.g. humans: happiness; chimpanzees: fear). The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is considered the gold standard for investigating human facial behaviour and avoids subjective interpretations of meaning by objectively measuring independent movements linked to facial muscles, called Action Units (AUs). Following a similar methodology, we developed the CalliFACS for the common marmoset. First, we determined the facial muscular plan of the common marmoset by examining dissections from the literature. Second, we recorded common marmosets in a variety of contexts (e.g. grooming, feeding, play, human interaction, veterinary procedures), and selected clips from online databases (e.g. YouTube) to identify their facial movements. Individual facial movements were classified according to appearance changes produced by the corresponding underlying musculature. A diverse repertoire of 33 facial movements was identified in the common marmoset (15 Action Units, 15 Action Descriptors and 3 Ear Action Descriptors). Although we observed a reduced range of facial movement when compared to the HumanFACS, the common marmoset's range of facial movements was larger than predicted according to their socio-ecology and facial morphology, which indicates their importance for social interactions. CalliFACS is a scientific tool to measure facial movements, and thus, allows us to better understand the common marmoset's expressions and communication. As common marmosets have become increasingly popular laboratory animal models, from neuroscience to cognition, CalliFACS can be used as an important tool to evaluate their welfare, particularly in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Burrows
- Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Duncan Andrew Wilson
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
- Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Abdelhady Abdelrahman
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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15
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Plant community and native primate as drivers of habitat use by an exotic primate ( Saimiri spp. Linnaeus, 1758) in an Atlantic Forest fragment. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467422000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding how and why exotic species use their habitats is crucial for defining effective conservation strategies. We aimed to investigate habitat use by an exotic population of squirrel monkeys living in an Atlantic Forest fragment and identify factors associated with their habitat preferences. Over 6 months of scan sampling observations, we collected data on native and exotic plants consumed by the squirrel monkeys, food availability, and interactions between the squirrel monkeys and the native common marmosets. We also georeferenced the estimated centroid point of the study group during each scan. Squirrel monkeys used Secondary Old Forest habitats more often than the other habitats available. The consumption of native and exotic plants and the association with common marmoset appear to have influenced the habitat use of the exotic squirrel monkeys; however, the choice habitat did not demonstrate to be associated with food availability. The exotic squirrel monkeys preferred to use less disturbed habitats to consume a high amount of food (often associated with the common marmoset), potentially optimizing their food intake. Our findings demonstrated the adaptive success of an exotic primate in its non-natural habitat and the key role of the plant community in maintaining this population.
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16
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de Oliveira PLR, Uscategui RAR, Vieira RLA, Gondim LSQ, Maronezi MC, Feliciano MAR. Radiographic study of the axial and appendicular skeleton of Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata. J Med Primatol 2022; 51:201-212. [PMID: 35546084 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marmosets are small arboreal primates. Knowledge of normal radiographic parameters and frequent disorders is limited. The objectives of this study were to evaluate possible variations between quantitative analyses and injuries to the appendicular and axial skeleton of Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata and their relationship with the environment. METHODS Radiographic images of 29 marmosets were used. Skeletal lesions were described, long bones were measured, and pelvimetry, vertebrae, and sternebras were counted. RESULTS Measurements of long bones and pelvimetry were similar between species. Evaluation of vertebrae and sternebras exhibited variations relative to the literature. Lesions on the skull, spine, thoracic and pelvic limbs were present in 48%, 54%, 44%, and 52% of marmosets, respectively. CONCLUSION Skeletal disorders, especially of traumatic and metabolic origin, have a high prevalence in marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marjury Cristina Maronezi
- Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Šlipogor V, Graf C, Massen JJM, Bugnyar T. Personality and social environment predict cognitive performance in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Sci Rep 2022; 12:6702. [PMID: 35513400 PMCID: PMC9072541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent inter-individual variation in cognition has been increasingly explored in recent years in terms of its patterns, causes and consequences. One of its possible causes are consistent inter-individual differences in behaviour, also referred to as animal personalities, which are shaped by both the physical and the social environment. The latter is particularly relevant for group-living species like common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), apt learners that display substantial variation in both their personality and cognitive performance, yet no study to date has interlinked these with marmosets' social environment. Here we investigated (i) consistency of learning speed, and (ii) whether the PCA-derived personality traits Exploration-Avoidance and Boldness-Shyness as well as the social environment (i.e., family group membership) are linked with marmosets' speed of learning. We tested 22 individuals in series of personality and learning-focused cognitive tests, including simple motor tasks and discrimination learning tasks. We found that these marmosets showed significant inter-individual consistency in learning across the different tasks, and that females learned faster than males. Further, bolder individuals, and particularly those belonging to certain family groups, learned faster. These findings indicate that both personality and social environment affect learning speed in marmosets and could be important factors driving individual variation in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Šlipogor
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Christina Graf
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jorg J M Massen
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Bugnyar
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Ryan AM, Bauman MD. Primate Models as a Translational Tool for Understanding Prenatal Origins of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Associated With Maternal Infection. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:510-523. [PMID: 35276404 PMCID: PMC8902899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women represent a uniquely vulnerable population during an infectious disease outbreak, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Although we are at the early stages of understanding the specific impact of SARS-CoV-2 exposure during pregnancy, mounting epidemiological evidence strongly supports a link between exposure to a variety of maternal infections and an increased risk for offspring neurodevelopmental disorders. Inflammatory biomarkers identified from archived or prospectively collected maternal biospecimens suggest that the maternal immune response is the critical link between infection during pregnancy and altered offspring neurodevelopment. This maternal immune activation (MIA) hypothesis has been tested in animal models by artificially activating the immune system during pregnancy and evaluating the neurodevelopmental consequences in MIA-exposed offspring. Although the vast majority of MIA model research is carried out in rodents, the nonhuman primate model has emerged in recent years as an important translational tool. In this review, we briefly summarize human epidemiological studies that have prompted the development of translationally relevant MIA models. We then highlight notable similarities between humans and nonhuman primates, including placental structure, pregnancy physiology, gestational timelines, and offspring neurodevelopmental stages, that provide an opportunity to explore the MIA hypothesis in species more closely related to humans. Finally, we provide a comprehensive review of neurodevelopmental alterations reported in current nonhuman primate models of maternal infection and discuss future directions for this promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Melissa D Bauman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California.
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19
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Malukiewicz J, Boere V, de Oliveira MAB, D'arc M, Ferreira JVA, French J, Housman G, de Souza CI, Jerusalinsky L, R de Melo F, M Valença-Montenegro M, Moreira SB, de Oliveira E Silva I, Pacheco FS, Rogers J, Pissinatti A, Del Rosario RCH, Ross C, Ruiz-Miranda CR, Pereira LCM, Schiel N, de Fátima Rodrigues da Silva F, Souto A, Šlipogor V, Tardif S. An Introduction to the Callithrix Genus and Overview of Recent Advances in Marmoset Research. ILAR J 2021; 61:110-138. [PMID: 34933341 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide here a current overview of marmoset (Callithrix) evolution, hybridization, species biology, basic/biomedical research, and conservation initiatives. Composed of 2 subgroups, the aurita group (C aurita and C flaviceps) and the jacchus group (C geoffroyi, C jacchus, C kuhlii, and C penicillata), this relatively young primate radiation is endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest biomes. Significant impacts on Callithrix within these biomes resulting from anthropogenic activity include (1) population declines, particularly for the aurita group; (2) widespread geographic displacement, biological invasions, and range expansions of C jacchus and C penicillata; (3) anthropogenic hybridization; and (4) epizootic Yellow Fever and Zika viral outbreaks. A number of Brazilian legal and conservation initiatives are now in place to protect the threatened aurita group and increase research about them. Due to their small size and rapid life history, marmosets are prized biomedical models. As a result, there are increasingly sophisticated genomic Callithrix resources available and burgeoning marmoset functional, immuno-, and epigenomic research. In both the laboratory and the wild, marmosets have given us insight into cognition, social group dynamics, human disease, and pregnancy. Callithrix jacchus and C penicillata are emerging neotropical primate models for arbovirus disease, including Dengue and Zika. Wild marmoset populations are helping us understand sylvatic transmission and human spillover of Zika and Yellow Fever viruses. All of these factors are positioning marmosets as preeminent models to facilitate understanding of facets of evolution, hybridization, conservation, human disease, and emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Malukiewicz
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Centre, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Vanner Boere
- Institute of Humanities, Arts, and Sciences, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Mirela D'arc
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica V A Ferreira
- Centro de Conservação e Manejo de Fauna da Caatinga, UNIVASF, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey French
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | | | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros (ICMBio/CPB), Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Fabiano R de Melo
- Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Centro de Conservação dos Saguis-da-Serra, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mônica M Valença-Montenegro
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros (ICMBio/CPB), Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Ita de Oliveira E Silva
- Institute of Humanities, Arts, and Sciences, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Felipe Santos Pacheco
- Centro de Conservação dos Saguis-da-Serra, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C H Del Rosario
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Corinna Ross
- Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos R Ruiz-Miranda
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences, Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz C M Pereira
- Centro de Conservação e Manejo de Fauna da Caatinga, UNIVASF, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Souto
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Vedrana Šlipogor
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Suzette Tardif
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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20
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Hilário RR, Silvestre SM, Abreu F, Beltrão-Mendes R, de Castro CSS, Chagas RRD, De la Fuente MF, Duarte MHL, Ferrari SF, Passamani M, Schiel N, Souto A, Young RJ, Souza-Alves JP. Temperature and exudativory as drivers of the marmoset (Callithrix spp.) daily activity period. Am J Primatol 2021; 84:e23341. [PMID: 34662461 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Primates are affected by fluctuations in ambient temperatures, mostly through thermoregulatory costs and changes in the availability of food. In the present study, we investigate whether the ambient temperature and proxies of food availability affect the activity period of marmosets (Callithrix spp.). We predicted that: (i) at colder sites, marmosets would spend more time at sleeping sites; (ii) midday resting bouts would be longer at hotter sites; (iii) the onset/cessation of activity and resting behavior at midday would be more closely related to temperature than food availability, and (iv) highly exudativorous groups would have higher total levels of resting. We compiled data on the onset and cessation of activity and the time spent resting at midday from seven marmoset studies from sites with a wide range of temperatures. We used generalized linear mixed models to verify the relationship between the dependent variables (lag between dawn and the onset of activities, lag between cessation of activities and dusk, and proportion of resting during midday) and the minimum and maximum temperatures at the respective study sites, together with proxies of food availability (exudativory rates, the amount of habitat available per individual, and net primary productivity) using each sample month as a sampling unit and the identity of the study as a categorical random factor. At colder sites and during colder months, the marmosets left sleeping trees later in the morning and ceased their activities earlier, while at hotter sites and during hotter months, they spent more time resting during midday. More exudativorous groups become active later in the morning, but also ceased their activities later. The abundance of food did not affect the timing of activities. We provide evidence that both low and high temperatures affect marmosets' activities, and that their activity period appears to be more influenced by the thermal environment than food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato R Hilário
- Departamento de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Saulo M Silvestre
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Filipa Abreu
- Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Raone Beltrão-Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Carla S S de Castro
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto, Brazil
| | - Renata R D Chagas
- Departamento de Sistemárica e Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Maria F De la Fuente
- Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marina H L Duarte
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados e Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephen F Ferrari
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Passamani
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Antonio Souto
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Robert J Young
- Department of Biology, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
| | - João P Souza-Alves
- Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal and Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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21
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De la Fuente MF, Sueur C, Garber PA, Bicca-Marques JC, Souto A, Schiel N. Foraging networks and social tolerance in a cooperatively breeding primate (Callithrix jacchus). J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:138-153. [PMID: 34655252 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Within-group competition over food resources can be a major cost of social living. In the wild, foragers are confronted with social (e.g. hierarchical rank) and ecological (e.g. food availability and distribution) challenges that affect their foraging decisions and feeding success. Exhibiting prosocial behaviours, such as tolerance at feeding sites, can benefit group members by developing affiliative social relationships, enhancing access to resources and maximizing fitness. We examined social tolerance at feeding sites in Callithrix jacchus, a cooperatively breeding primate species. We investigated the set of social (rank, age and sex) and ecological (food availability) factors that influence the structure and dynamics of within-group foraging association networks. We designed and conducted an experimental field study of four wild groups of common marmosets in which we controlled food distribution (concentrated or scattered) and productivity (high, medium or low food rewards). Then, we used social network analyses to assess the number and strength of foraging associations among group members, their effects on individual food consumption, and whether recent experiences with conspecifics during foraging affected subsequent associations. Overall, common marmoset foraging association networks were cohesive, as group members jointly occupied feeding sites. The number and strength of associations varied depending on the ecological context. Associations were stronger during conditions in which food was concentrated at a single site. Individuals obtained greater access to food resources when sharing a feeding site with conspecifics, but once a food item was obtained, the forager moved to a nearby tree and consumed it away from others. Additionally, the strength of previous foraging associations and subsequent levels of social tolerance at feeding sites were positively related, a relationship compatible with the ability of memorizing associations over time and recalling the information in future decision-making. In sum, marmosets adjusted their partner choices and the strength of foraging associations in response to food availability. They exhibited increased social tolerance at feeding sites during conditions in which opportunities for contest competition were expected to be greatest. These cooperative breeding primates appear to mutually benefit by maintaining cohesive and strong affiliative relationships, and by increasing opportunities for coordinated behaviour and offspring survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cédric Sueur
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Júlio César Bicca-Marques
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Antonio Souto
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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22
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Adriaense JEC, Šlipogor V, Hintze S, Marshall L, Lamm C, Bugnyar T. Watching others in a positive state does not induce optimism bias in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), but leads to behaviour indicative of competition. Anim Cogn 2021; 24:1039-1056. [PMID: 33725202 PMCID: PMC8360889 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-021-01497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Emotional contagion is suggested to facilitate group life by enhancing synchronized responses to the environment. Cooperative breeders are an example of a social system that requires such intricate coordination between individuals. Therefore, we studied emotional contagion in common marmosets by means of a judgement bias test. Demonstrators were exposed to an emotion manipulation (i.e., positive, negative, control), and observers perceived only the demonstrator's behaviour. We predicted that the positive or negative states of the demonstrator would induce matching states in the observer, indicating emotional contagion. All subjects' emotional states were assessed through behaviour and cognition, the latter by means of a judgement bias test. Behavioural results showed a successful emotion manipulation of demonstrators, with manipulation-congruent expressions (i.e., positive calls in the positive condition, and negative calls and pilo-erect tail in the negative condition). Observers showed no manipulation-congruent expressions, but showed more scratching and arousal after the positive manipulation. Concerning the judgement bias test, we predicted that subjects in a positive state should increase their response to ambiguous cues (i.e., optimism bias), and subjects in a negative state should decrease their response (i.e., pessimism bias). This prediction was not supported as neither demonstrators nor observers showed such bias in either manipulation. Yet, demonstrators showed an increased response to the near-positive cue, and additional analyses showed unexpected responses to the reference cues, as well as a researcher identity effect. We discuss all results combined, including recently raised validation concerns of the judgement bias test, and inherent challenges to empirically studying emotional contagion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E C Adriaense
- Evolutionary Cognition Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - V Šlipogor
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, Budweiss, Czech Republic
| | - S Hintze
- Division of Livestock Sciences, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - L Marshall
- Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Lamm
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Bugnyar
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Souza-Alves JP, Chagas Alves RR, Hilário RR, Barnett AA, Bezerra BM. Species-specific resource availability as potential correlates of foraging strategy in Atlantic Forest edge-living common marmosets. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2021.1949751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João P. Souza-Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Renata R.D. Chagas Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Science (Zoology), Department of Systematics and Ecology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Renato R. Hilário
- Department of Environment and Development, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Adrian A. Barnett
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Bruna M. Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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24
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Selvanayagam J, Johnston KD, Wong RK, Schaeffer D, Everling S. Ketamine disrupts gaze patterns during face viewing in the common marmoset. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:330-339. [PMID: 34133232 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00078.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Faces are stimuli of critical importance for primates. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a promising model for investigations of face processing, as this species possesses oculomotor and face-processing networks resembling those of macaques and humans. Face processing is often disrupted in neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia (SZ), and thus, it is important to recapitulate underlying circuitry dysfunction preclinically. The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) noncompetitive antagonist ketamine has been used extensively to model the cognitive symptoms of SZ. Here, we investigated the effects of a subanesthetic dose of ketamine on oculomotor behavior in marmosets during face viewing. Four marmosets received systemic ketamine or saline injections while viewing phase-scrambled or intact videos of conspecifics' faces. To evaluate effects of ketamine on scan paths during face viewing, we identified regions of interest in each face video and classified locations of saccade onsets and landing positions within these areas. A preference for the snout over eye regions was observed following ketamine administration. In addition, regions in which saccades landed could be significantly predicted by saccade onset region in the saline but not the ketamine condition. Effects on saccade control were limited to an increase in saccade peak velocity in all conditions and a reduction in saccade amplitudes during viewing of scrambled videos. Thus, ketamine induced a significant disruption of scan paths during viewing of conspecific faces but limited effects on saccade motor control. These findings support the use of ketamine in marmosets for investigating changes in neural circuits underlying social cognition in neuropsychiatric disorders.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Face processing, an important social cognitive ability, is impaired in neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia. The highly social common marmoset model presents an opportunity to investigate these impairments. We administered subanesthetic doses of ketamine to marmosets to model the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. We observed a disruption of scan paths during viewing of conspecifics' faces. These findings support the use of ketamine in marmosets as a model for investigating social cognition in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janahan Selvanayagam
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin D Johnston
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond K Wong
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Schaeffer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stefan Everling
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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25
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de Sousa MBC, de Meiroz Grilo MLP, Galvão-Coelho NL. Natural and Experimental Evidence Drives Marmosets for Research on Psychiatric Disorders Related to Stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:674256. [PMID: 34177478 PMCID: PMC8227430 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.674256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the behavioral ecology of marmosets carried out in their natural habitat associated with the advent of a non-invasive technique for measuring steroid hormones in feces has made a significant contribution to understanding their social relationships and sexual strategies. These studies showed that they are mainly monogamous, live in relatively stable social groups according to a social hierarchy in which females compete and males cooperate, and form social bonds similar to humans, which makes this species a potential animal model to study disorders related to social stress. In addition, laboratory studies observed the expression of behaviors similar to those in nature and deepened the descriptions of their social and reproductive strategies. They also characterized their responses to the challenge using behavioral, cognitive, physiological, and genetic approaches that were sexually dimorphic and influenced by age and social context. These findings, added to some advantages which indicate good adaptation to captivity and the benefits of the birth of twins, small size, and life cycle in comparison to primates of the Old World, led to their use as animal models for validating psychiatric diseases such as major depression. Juvenile marmosets have recently been used to develop a depression model and to test a psychedelic brew called Ayahuasca from the Amazon rainforest as an alternative treatment for major depression, for which positive results have been found which encourage further studies in adolescents. Therefore, we will review the experimental evidence obtained so far and discuss the extension of the marmoset as an animal model for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de Sousa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, UFRN-Brazil, and Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Lara Porpino de Meiroz Grilo
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, UFRN-Brazil, and Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Natal, Brazil
| | - Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, UFRN-Brazil, and Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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26
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Sun Z, Cheng Z, Gong N, Xu Z, Jin C, Wu H, Tao Y. Neural presbycusis at ultra-high frequency in aged common marmosets and rhesus monkeys. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12587-12606. [PMID: 33909598 PMCID: PMC8148503 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aging of the population and environmental noise have contributed to high rates of presbycusis, also known as age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Because mice have a relatively short life span, murine models have not been suitable for determining the mechanism of presbycusis development and methods of diagnosis. Although the common marmoset, a non-human primate (NHP), is an ideal animal model for studying age-related diseases, its auditory spectrum has not been systematically studied. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) from 38 marmosets of different ages demonstrated that auditory function correlated with age. Hearing loss in geriatric common marmosets started at ultra-high frequency (>16 kHz), then extended to lower frequencies. Despite age-related deterioration of ABR threshold and amplitude in marmosets, outer hair cell (OHC) function remained stable at all ages. Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), which are the first auditory neurons in the auditory system, were found to degenerate distinctly in aged common marmosets, indicating that neural degeneration caused presbycusis in these animals. Similarly, age-associated ABR deterioration without loss of OHC function was observed in another NHP, rhesus monkeys. Audiometry results from these two species of NHP suggested that NHPs were ideal for studying ARHL and that neural presbycusis at high frequency may be prevalent in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoer Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translation Medicine on Ear and Nose Disease, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhe Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translation Medicine on Ear and Nose Disease, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Neng Gong
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chenxi Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translation Medicine on Ear and Nose Disease, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translation Medicine on Ear and Nose Disease, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translation Medicine on Ear and Nose Disease, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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27
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Šlipogor V, Massen JJM, Schiel N, Souto A, Bugnyar T. Temporal consistency and ecological validity of personality structure in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): A unifying field and laboratory approach. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23229. [PMID: 33464603 PMCID: PMC7900989 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Personality in animals has been extensively researched in recent decades. Temporal consistency of behaviors is almost always part of the personality definition and is usually explored in several different testing sessions or observation periods. However, it is still unclear whether the obtained personality constructs are stable across several years, which might be especially important for long-living animals, such as primates. Further, little is known on whether the personality structures obtained in the laboratory reflect the structures obtained under ecologically relevant conditions in the wild. Therefore, we conducted a battery of personality tests on common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) (N = 27), compared it with a test battery conducted 4 years beforehand on a subset of animals in captivity (N = 13) and ran an adapted version under field conditions at Baracuhy Biological Field Station, Brazil (N = 18). Under captive conditions, we found a remarkably similar personality structure across 4 testing years. Further, we found high long-term temporal consistency in the first two personality components, Boldness and Exploration; however, monkeys that changed their social (i.e., breeding) status between the two testing periods showed a significant increase in Boldness scores. Under field conditions, we found a somewhat similar personality structure as compared to the laboratory, which to some extent corroborates ecological validity of our personality test design. Nevertheless, whether the structure in the wild is suppressed or expanded in comparison to captivity, and in which way the social setting influences personality structure, should be further explored. Taken together, our results contribute to the discussion about the reliability and ecological validity of personality structures in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Šlipogor
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of BiologyFederal Rural University of PernambucoRecifeBrazil
- Department of ZoologyFederal University of PernambucoRecifeBrazil
| | - Jorg J. M. Massen
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Animal Ecology Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Department of BiologyFederal Rural University of PernambucoRecifeBrazil
| | - Antonio Souto
- Department of ZoologyFederal University of PernambucoRecifeBrazil
| | - Thomas Bugnyar
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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28
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Abreu F, Garber PA, Souto A, Presotto A, Schiel N. Navigating in a challenging semiarid environment: the use of a route-based mental map by a small-bodied neotropical primate. Anim Cogn 2021; 24:629-643. [PMID: 33394185 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-020-01465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To increase efficiency in the search for resources, many animals rely on their spatial abilities. Specifically, primates have been reported to use mostly topological and rarely Euclidean maps when navigating in large-scale space. Here, we aimed to investigate if the navigation of wild common marmosets inhabiting a semiarid environment is consistent with a topological representation and how environmental factors affect navigation. We collected 497 h of direct behavioral and GPS information on a group of marmosets using a 2-min instantaneous focal animal sampling technique. We found that our study group reused not only long-route segments (mean of 1007 m) but entire daily routes, a pattern that is not commonly seen in primates. The most frequently reused route segments were the ones closer to feeding sites, distant to resting sites, and in areas sparse in tree vegetation. We also identified a total of 56 clustered direction change points indicating that the group modified their direction of travel. These changes in direction were influenced by their close proximity to resting and feeding sites. Despite our small sample size, the obtained results are important and consistent with the contention that common marmosets navigate using a topological map that seems to benefit these animals in response to the exploitation of clustered exudate trees. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that the Caatinga landscape imposes physical restrictions in our group's navigation such as gaps in vegetation, small trees and xerophytic plants. This study, based on preliminary evidence, raises the question of whether navigation patterns are an intrinsic characteristic of a species or are ecologically dependent and change according to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Abreu
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Antonio Souto
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Andrea Presotto
- Department of Geography and Geosciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, USA
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
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29
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Colman RJ, Capuano S, Bakker J, Keeley J, Nakamura K, Ross C. Marmosets: Welfare, Ethical Use, and IACUC/Regulatory Considerations. ILAR J 2020; 61:167-178. [PMID: 33620069 PMCID: PMC9214643 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of marmosets in biomedical research has increased dramatically in recent years due, in large part, to their suitability for transgenic applications and utility as models for neuroscience investigations. This increased use includes the establishment of new colonies and involvement of people new to marmoset research. To facilitate the use of the marmoset as a research model, we provide an overview of issues surrounding the ethics and regulations associated with captive marmoset research, including discussion of the history of marmosets in research, current uses of marmosets, ethical considerations related to marmoset use, issues related to importation of animals, and recommendations for regulatory oversight of gene-edited marmosets. To understand the main concerns that oversight bodies have regarding captive biomedical research with marmosets, we developed a brief, 15-question survey that was then sent electronically to academic and biomedical research institutions worldwide that were believed to house colonies of marmosets intended for biomedical research. The survey included general questions regarding the individual respondent's colony, status of research use of the colony and institutional oversight of both the colony itself and the research use of the colony. We received completed surveys from a total of 18 institutions from North America, Europe, and Asia. Overall, there appeared to be no clear difference in regulatory oversight body concerns between countries/regions. One difference that we were able to appreciate was that while biomedical research with marmosets was noted to be either stable or decreasing in Europe, use was clearly increasing elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricki J Colman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Saverio Capuano
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jaco Bakker
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Jo Keeley
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Corinna Ross
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, Texas, USA; and Population Health, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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30
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Common marmoset as a model primate for study of the motor control system. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 64:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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31
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Karino G, Senoo A, Kunikata T, Kamei Y, Yamanouchi H, Nakamura S, Shukuya M, Colman RJ, Koshiba M. Inexpensive Home Infrared Living/Environment Sensor with Regional Thermal Information for Infant Physical and Psychological Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186844. [PMID: 32961676 PMCID: PMC7559736 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of home-based image sensors for biological and environmental monitoring provides novel insight into health and development but it is difficult to evaluate people during their normal activities in their home. Therefore, we developed a low-cost infrared (IR) technology-based motion, location, temperature and thermal environment detection system that can be used non-invasively for long-term studies in the home environment. We tested this technology along with the associated analysis algorithm to visualize the effects of parental care and thermal environment on developmental state change in a non-human primate model, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). To validate this system, we first compared it to a manual analysis technique and we then assessed the development of circadian rhythms in common marmosets from postnatal day 15–45. The semi-automatically tracked biological indices of locomotion velocity (BV) and body surface temperature (BT) and the potential psychological index of place preference toward the door (BD), showed age-dependent shifts in circadian phase patterns. Although environmental variables appeared to affect circadian rhythm development, principal component analysis and signal superimposing imaging methods revealed a novel phasic pattern of BD-BT correlation day/night switching in animals older than postnatal day 38 (approximately equivalent to one year of age in humans). The origin of this switch was related to earlier development of body temperature (BT) rhythms and alteration of psychological behavior rhythms (BD) around earlier feeding times. We propose that this cost-effective, inclusive sensing and analytic technique has value for understanding developmental care conditions for which continual home non-invasive monitoring would be beneficial and further suggest the potential to adapt this technique for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Karino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (G.K.); (A.S.); (S.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (T.K.); (H.Y.)
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Aya Senoo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (G.K.); (A.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Tetsuya Kunikata
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (T.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yoshimasa Kamei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan;
| | - Hideo Yamanouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (T.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Shun Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (G.K.); (A.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Masanori Shukuya
- Faculty of Environmental Studies Department of Restoration Ecology and Built Environment, Tokyo City University, Kanagawa 224-8551, Japan;
| | - Ricki J. Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Cell & Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence: (R.J.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Mamiko Koshiba
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (G.K.); (A.S.); (S.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (T.K.); (H.Y.)
- Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Correspondence: (R.J.C.); (M.K.)
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32
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Ash H, Ziegler TE, Colman RJ. Early learning in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): Behavior in the family group is related to preadolescent cognitive performance. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23159. [PMID: 32515834 PMCID: PMC7440670 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early environment can have a major impact on development, with family life known to play an important role. Longitudinal studies can therefore help increase our understanding of variance in cognitive abilities in young animals, as well as over time. We followed 22 marmosets (11 male and 11 female) from infancy through to early adolescence. At 3 months old, the marmosets were trained to reliably touch a rewarded stimulus. At 5 months, behavior was observed within the natal group. At 9 months, the marmosets were given a visual discrimination task to assess learning ability. Mann-Whitney U tests found no sex or family size differences in number of errors at 3 or 9 months. While no significant relationships were found between behavior in the family and learning at 3 months, significant negative correlations were found between duration spent in locomotion and learning errors (p = .05), as well as between frequency of calm vocalizations and learning errors (p = .001) at 9 months. A U-shape curve was found between amount of social play and learning at 9 months. Positive family interactions, including moderate amounts of play, as well as calm individual behavior, may therefore be important in learning. This study sheds light on cognitive development in much younger marmosets than previously studied, and helps increase understanding of how individual differences in learning may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Ash
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Toni E. Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ricki J. Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
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Souza‐Alves JP, Barbosa GV, Hilário RR. Tree‐gouging by marmosets (Primates: Callitrichidae) enhances tree turnover. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Souza‐Alves
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biologia Animal Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC) Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | | | - Renato Richard Hilário
- Departamento de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Universidade Federal do Amapá Macapá Brazil
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
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Garber PA, McKenney A, Bartling-John E, Bicca-Marques JC, De la Fuente MF, Abreu F, Schiel N, Souto A, Phillips KA. Life in a harsh environment: the effects of age, sex, reproductive condition, and season on hair cortisol concentration in a wild non-human primate. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9365. [PMID: 32612889 PMCID: PMC7319023 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) provides a long-term retrospective measure of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity, and is increasingly used to assess the life history, health and ecology of wild mammals. Given that sex, age, season and pregnancy influence HCC, and that it may indicate ongoing stress, we examined HCC in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) naturally inhabiting a hot and dry semi-desert like habitat, Caatinga, in northeastern Brazil. We trapped, measured, weighed, marked and collected shaved hair from the back of the neck of 61 wild marmosets during the wet and dry seasons. Using enzyme immunoassay, we found that HCC was higher in the dry season compared with the wet season among all age/sex classes. Females had significantly higher HCC than males, juveniles had higher HCC than adults, and reproductively active adult females and non-pregnant/non lactating adult females did not differ in HCC. There were no interaction effects of sex, age, group, or season on HCC. The magnitude of the effect of this extremely hot and dry environment (average yearly rainfall was only 271 mm) on HCC in common marmosets is difficult to ascertain as these animals are also experiencing a variety of other stressors. However, the elevated HCC seen in common marmosets during the 5–8 month dry season, suggests these primates face an extended period of heat, water and possibly nutritional stress, which appears to result in a high rate of juvenile mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anna McKenney
- Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Júlio César Bicca-Marques
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Primatologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - María Fernanda De la Fuente
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Filipa Abreu
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Antonio Souto
- Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Etologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kimberley A Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Abstract
AbstractCoping styles describe behavioral differences during stressful or challenging situations. Coping styles are stable over time but little is known about early life manifestation and development of these behavioral differences. We aimed to investigate if differences in the way marmosets produce vocalizations at an early age are related to their coping style in the future. We studied 14 common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) from three social groups housed at the marmoset colony at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. We recorded the vocalizations of each marmoset in isolation at 15–17 days of age, analyzing latency to vocalize and calling rate of phee and tsik calls. To measure coping style, we introduced a novel stimulus to the group cages when infants were 3 months old and recorded exploration, headcocking, and approaches to the stimulus. The results showed negative relationships between the latency of phee call (a long-range contact call) at 15–17 days and frequency of exploration and approach to the novel stimulus at 3 months, although both correlations fall above the cut-off points for the false discovery rate. Marmosets that gave long-range calls sooner at 15–17 days of age also showed more exploratory behaviors at 3 months. The results also showed group differences in exploration at 3 months, and twins were more similar to each other than to other infants in the sample. There were no group differences in early vocalizations and no sex differences in any variable. These findings suggest that coping style is stable from as early as 15–17 days after birth and suggest that the group can influence exploration in marmosets.
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Albert TG, Schiel N, Souto A. The white-eared opossum failed to understand the parallel strings task: studying a primitive mammal under natural conditions. Anim Cogn 2020; 23:871-880. [PMID: 32394147 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-020-01392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate if the white-eared opossum under natural conditions is capable of spontaneously solving the parallel string task. The experimental study with this primitive mammal was carried out on fifteen naïve animals of both sexes in northeastern Brazil. The parallel strings task was arranged in apparatuses with a vertical and a horizontal arrangement. A food reward (a slice of banana) was connected at the extremity of one string. A total of 505 videos were recorded using trap cameras. Despite the observed interest in obtaining the bait, the number of attempts to reach it and the use of the strings as support (trying to directly reach the bait in the vertical apparatus), the individuals were unable to pull any of the strings, suggesting that they could not understand the problem. The present study points to the relevance of using the species Didelphis albiventris and other species from this family (e.g., D. virginiana) to broaden our knowledge about the cognitive capacity of mammalian species. In addition, the opossums might represent an advisable path to better understand the evolution of cognition in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiani G Albert
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
| | - Antonio Souto
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brasil.
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Abreu F, Souto A, Schiel N. Wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) employ spatial cognitive abilities to improve their food search and consumption: an experimental approach in small-scale space. Primates 2020; 61:807-816. [PMID: 32383127 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of an animal to integrate and retain spatial information of resources often depends on the spatial memory and the speed at which this memory crystallizes. These become especially important once foragers reach their target area. However, very little is known about how wild common marmosets encode spatial information when feeding rewards are near to each other in a small-scale space. With this in mind, we performed field experiments to test foraging decisions related to a small-scale space setting. Specifically, we tested the (i) short- and (ii) long-term spatial memory, as well as (iii) the ability to remember the spatial location of resources after a single visit (one-trial spatial learning). The study was conducted with four groups of wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) living in a semiarid Caatinga environment. We observed that individuals were able to retain spatial information of food sources on both a short- and long-term basis and to learn the spatial location of these resources after a single visit. We suggest that such abilities during foraging can improve the search for scattered resources with fluctuations of food availability. Presumably, this would be particularly advantageous in Caatinga, with its vegetation exhibiting asynchronous phenological patterns. Altogether, our results demonstrate that common marmosets employ all three studied spatial cognitive abilities to improve their food search and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Abreu
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Souto
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
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Singletary B, Tecot S. Multimodal pair-bond maintenance: A review of signaling across modalities in pair-bonded nonhuman primates. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23105. [PMID: 32011759 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Only a handful of primate species exhibit the social relationship of pair-bonding. Efficient communication is critical for behavioral coordination within pair-bonds to maintain proximity and respond appropriately to extra-pair individuals, and possibly coordinate infant care. The use of complex signaling across modalities may help individuals improve communicative outcomes. We review many ways that pair-bonded species use signals to communicate and maintain bonds, though little previous research has taken a truly multimodal approach within a single species. We make a call for further investigation into pair-bonded communication using a multimodal approach to better understand how these species use all their senses to build, maintain, and advertise their bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stacey Tecot
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Laboratory for the Evolutionary Endocrinology of Primates, School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Hannibal W, Renon P, Figueiredo VV, Oliveira RF, Moreno AE, Martinez RA. Trends and biases in scientific literature about marmosets, genus Callithrix (Primates, Callitrichidae): biodiversity and conservation perspectives. NEOTROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e49077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marmosets of the genus Callithrix are small-bodied platyrrhines, endemic to Brazil. In the last 30 years, there has been a constant interest in studying their biology, ecology and conservation. In this study, we compiled a systematic review to evaluate the trends and advances of marmoset research, from biodiversity and conservation perspectives. We searched for articles published in peer-reviewed journals within the main academic search engines, using the keywords “marmoset” OR “sagui” OR “Callithrix”. We found 68 published articles with a focus on biodiversity and conservation. The number of articles has increased over the years, most of them consisting of research from the Atlantic Forest biome. Callithrix penicillata (26 articles) and C. jacchus (21) were the most studied species. The number of studies was associated with the species’ geographical distribution. From a conservation perspective, the most threatened species showed the narrowest geographical distribution, a lower number of studies and, on average, a smaller protected area size. We concluded that trends and biases in biodiversity and conservation scientific literature of Callithrix are directly and indirectly associated with its geographical distribution. Species with wide geographical distribution are more studied, better known and protected. We highlight that the major effort of studies must be towards marmoset populations from the transition region of the Atlantic Forest-Cerrado and Caatinga biomes, and on threatened species within narrow geographical ranges.
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de Souza Siragusi RH, Rahal SC, da Silva JP, Mamprim MJ, Rolim LS, Teixeira CR, de Camargo BWDF, Monteiro FOB. Radiographic evaluation of the forelimbs and hind limbs of marmosets (Callithrix spp.). J Med Primatol 2019; 49:71-78. [PMID: 31729047 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maintenance of marmosets in captivity may trigger various disorders. The objective of this study was to provide a radiographic evaluation of the forelimbs and hind limbs of marmosets rescued from illegal wildlife trade and maintained in captivity. METHODS Fourteen marmosets were studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Three marmosets were apparently normal. Of the eleven marmosets with radiographic changes in the hind limbs, five had pelvic narrowing and bilateral varus deviation of the femur, with one suggestive of rickets and another of osteomalacia. The other marmosets showed changes such as malunion of acetabular fracture, transtibial amputation, tibial antecurvatum, and knee osteoarthritis. Six marmosets showed alterations in the forelimbs such as radius fracture, scapulohumeral subluxation, and elbow joint incongruence. In conclusion, 78.57% of the marmosets had bone and/or joint changes detected by plain radiography, which were found predominantly in the hind limbs and without impediment to locomotion in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael H de Souza Siragusi
- Graduate program in Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sheila C Rahal
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Jeana P da Silva
- Graduate program in Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Maria J Mamprim
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luna S Rolim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Teixeira
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Barbara W D F de Camargo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Pickett KA, Schultz-Darken N, Bradfield AF, Malicki K, Pape B, Ausderau KK, Emborg ME. Spatiotemporal quantification of gait in common marmosets. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 330:108517. [PMID: 31730871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective gait evaluation in humans is used as a predictive disability outcome measure as well as an indicator for intervention effectiveness. Parallel methods of gait analysis in nonhuman primate models are essential for clinical translation. The goal of this study was to first assess whether marmosets' gait data could be reliably collected in a Noldus CatWalk XT10.6 and second, establish a testing protocol to assess gait and the intraindividual variability during repeated testing. NEW METHOD The CatWalk, originally developed for rodents, was modified and used to assess gait in eight adult common marmoset monkeys across multiple days and trials. Data was first analyzed to identify valid runs. Repeated measures ANOVA was completed for the following gait measures: mean base of support, average stride length, average swing time, and average stance time. RESULTS Raters had a high level of concurrence of usable data across all trials with successful trials including four consecutive hindfoot footfalls, during a continuous, uninterrupted segment of walking. A significant main effect of time (p < 0.000) but not rater (p = 0.98) was present with significant interactions for time by subject (p < 0.000), but not rater per subject (p = 0.538), time (p = 0.186), or three-way interaction (p = 0.297). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Gait has been assessed using force-plate and video data. The CatWalk allowed reproducible, automated and translational locomotor data to be collected at multiple time points with detailed analyses that identified a diagonal gait pattern. CONCLUSIONS The CatWalk system, similar to those used in humans, can be effectively used to quantify spatiotemporal characteristics of gait in the common marmoset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Pickett
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Abigail F Bradfield
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kerri Malicki
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce Pape
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karla K Ausderau
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marina E Emborg
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Electrocutions in free-living black-tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) in anthropogenic environments in the Federal District and surrounding areas, Brazil. Primates 2019; 61:321-329. [PMID: 31564005 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-019-00760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Shrinking natural habitats exposes some non-human primates to the risk of accidents associated with electrical transmission lines. We examined dead marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) collected in the region from January 2015 to April 2018 to determine the animals' cause of death and for electrocuted animals we examined the locations the animals had died as well as the configuration of the power lines at these sites. We also recorded the sex of the animal, the body region affected, and characteristics of the injuries. We diagnosed electrocutions in 11% (n = 34) of the marmosets studied. Most of the affected animals were male (n = 22) with single or double sites of injury on the limbs. Animals were injured in urban (n = 26) and peri-urban (n = 8) areas on lower-voltage alternate current lines, and we detected no seasonality or hotspots of electrocution. Our findings suggest that movement along transmission lines composed of bundled conductors is a major factor in electrocutions of marmosets in the Federal District and surrounding areas. The planning of electrical power grid infrastructure should consider arboreal primates to prevent electrocutions.
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Preuss TM. Critique of Pure Marmoset. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2019; 93:92-107. [PMID: 31416070 PMCID: PMC6711801 DOI: 10.1159/000500500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The common marmoset, a New World (platyrrhine) monkey, is currently being fast-tracked as a non-human primate model species, especially for genetic modification but also as a general-purpose model for research on the brain and behavior bearing on the human condition. Compared to the currently dominant primate model, the catarrhine macaque monkey, marmosets are notable for certain evolutionary specializations, including their propensity for twin births, their very small size (a result of phyletic dwarfism), and features related to their small size (rapid development and relatively short lifespan), which result in these animals yielding experimental results more rapidly and at lower cost. Macaques, however, have their own advantages. Importantly, macaques are more closely related to humans (which are also catarrhine primates) than are marmosets, sharing approximately 20 million more years of common descent, and are demonstrably more similar to humans in a variety of genomic, molecular, and neurobiological characteristics. Furthermore, the very specializations of marmosets that make them attractive as experimental subjects, such as their rapid development and short lifespan, are ways in which marmosets differ from humans and in which macaques more closely resemble humans. These facts warrant careful consideration of the trade-offs between convenience and cost, on the one hand, and biological realism, on the other, in choosing between non-human primate models of human biology. Notwithstanding the advantages marmosets offer as models, prudence requires continued commitment to research on macaques and other primate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Preuss
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,
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Garber PA, Caselli CB, McKenney AC, Abreu F, De la Fuente MF, Araújo A, de Fatima Arruda M, Souto A, Schiel N, Bicca-Marques JC. Trait variation and trait stability in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) inhabiting ecologically distinct habitats in northeastern Brazil. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23018. [PMID: 31192487 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the set of factors that promote and constrain a species' ability to exploit ecologically distinct habitats is central for addressing questions of intraspecific variability in behavior and morphology. In this study, we compared newly collected data with published data on body measurements, group size and composition, daily path length, home range, and reproductive output in wild common marmosets naturally inhabiting two contrasting environments in northeastern Brazil: the Atlantic Forest (AF), which is characterized by high biodiversity and reduced seasonality in food availability and the Caatinga (CAT), which is characterized by a severe hot and dry season lasting from 5 to 11 months, drought-resistant plant species, and reduced primary productivity. Despite marked differences in ecological conditions, CAT marmosets and AF marmosets differed minimally in daily path length, home range, reproductive output, and infant survivorship. CAT marmosets were found to live in smaller groups containing fewer adult females than AF marmosets, and also were characterized by a greater surface area to body mass ratio, a trait that may represent an adaptation to the hot and dry conditions of the Caatinga. We propose that in conjunction with body mass reduction, minor adjustments in behavior, the exploitation of cacti as a source of water and nutrients, and access to exudates as a dependable year-round food resource, common marmosets successfully used the same adaptive pattern to maintain high reproductive output and infant survivorship in exploiting these two ecologically distinct environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Christini B Caselli
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anna C McKenney
- Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Filipa Abreu
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda De la Fuente
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Arrilton Araújo
- Departamento e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima Arruda
- Departamento e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Antonio Souto
- Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Etologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Bicca-Marques
- Escola de Ciências, Laboratório de Primatologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Yabumoto T, Yoshida F, Miyauchi H, Baba K, Tsuda H, Ikenaka K, Hayakawa H, Koyabu N, Hamanaka H, Papa SM, Hirata M, Mochizuki H. MarmoDetector: A novel 3D automated system for the quantitative assessment of marmoset behavior. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 322:23-33. [PMID: 30946879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Callithrix jacchus, generally known as the common marmoset, has recently garnered interest as an experimental primate model for better understanding the basis of human social behavior, architecture and function. Modelling human neurological and psychological diseases in marmosets can enhance the knowledge obtained from rodent research for future pre-clinical studies. Hence, comprehensive and quantitative assessments of marmoset behaviors are crucial. However, systems for monitoring and analyzing marmoset behaviors have yet to be established. NEW METHOD In this paper, we present a novel multimodal system, MarmoDetector, for the automated 3D analysis of marmoset behavior under freely moving conditions. MarmoDetector allows the quantitative assessment of marmoset behaviors using computerised tracking analysis techniques that are based on a Kinect system equipped with video recordings, infrared images and depth analysis. RESULTS Using MarmoDetector, we assessed behavioral circadian rhythms continuously over several days in home cages. In addition, MarmoDetector detected acute, transient complex behaviors of alcohol injected marmosets. COMPARISON TO EXISTING METHOD Compared to 2D recording, MarmoDetector detects activities more precisely and is very sensitive as we could detect behavioral defects specifically induced by alcohol administration. CONCLUSION MarmoDetector facilitates the rapid and accurate analysis of marmoset behavior and will enhance research on the neural basis of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Yabumoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Yoshida
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Graduat School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Japan
| | | | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Advanced Hybrid Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayakawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nozomu Koyabu
- The Institute of Large Laboratory Animal Sciences, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hamanaka
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Graduat School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Stella M Papa
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Graduat School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Sousa MBCD, Pontes MC, Galvão ACDM, Silva HPAD, Galvão-Coelho NL. Social interactions and androgens levels in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in field and laboratory studies: A preliminary investigation of the Challenge Hypothesis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 273:192-201. [PMID: 30076805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de Sousa
- BrainInstitute, Federal Universityof Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; PostgraduateProgram in Psychobiology, Federal Universityof Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratory of Hormones Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Chiste Pontes
- PostgraduateProgram in Psychobiology, Federal Universityof Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília de Menezes Galvão
- PostgraduateProgram in Psychobiology, Federal Universityof Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratory of Hormones Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Hélderes Peregrino Alves da Silva
- PostgraduateProgram in Psychobiology, Federal Universityof Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratory of Hormones Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
- PostgraduateProgram in Psychobiology, Federal Universityof Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratory of Hormones Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, Natal, RN, Brazil
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De la Fuente MF, Schiel N, Bicca-Marques JC, Caselli CB, Souto A, Garber PA. Balancing contest competition, scramble competition, and social tolerance at feeding sites in wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e22964. [PMID: 30810248 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Models of primate sociality focus on the costs and benefits of group living and how factors such as rank, feeding competition, alliance formation, and cooperative behavior shape within-group social relationships. We conducted a series of controlled field experiments designed to investigate how resource distribution (one or three of four reward platforms) and amount of food on a reward platform affected foraging strategies and individual feeding success in four groups of wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) living in the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. At our field site, common marmoset groups are characterized by a single breeding female who can produce twin litters twice per year, strong social cohesion, and cooperative infant care provided principally by several adult male helpers. We found that except for the dominant breeding female, rank (based on aggression) was not a strong predictor of feeding success. Although the breeding female in each group occupied the highest rank position and obtained the greatest daily feeding success, all other group members, including adults and juveniles experienced relatively equal feeding success across most experimental conditions. This was accomplished using a balance of behavioral strategies related to contest competition, scramble competition (associated with a finder's advantage), and social tolerance (sharing the same feeding platform). Based on these results, the social structure of common marmosets is best described as "single female dominance," with the breeding female maximizing food intake needed to offset the energetic costs associated with reproductive twinning and the ability to produce two litters per year. Cooperative infant caregiving, in which the number of helpers is positively correlated with offspring survivorship, requires a set of behavioral strategies that serve to reduce contest competition and promote prosocial behaviors at feeding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Bicca-Marques
- Laboratório de Primatologia, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Christini B Caselli
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Antonio Souto
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
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Abreu F, Souto A, Bonci DMO, Mantovani V, Pessoa DMA, Schiel N. Detection of insect prey by wild common marmosets: The effect of color vision. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e22963. [PMID: 30809840 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Most species of New World primates have an unusual color vision pattern that can affect an individual's ability to detect food. Whereas males can only be dichromatic, females can be either dichromatic or trichromatic. Trichromats are expected to have an advantage in detecting conspicuous food whereas dichromats should be better at locating cryptic resources. Here we aimed to understand how color vision phenotype influences insect foraging by five groups of common marmosets living in a semiarid environment. We recorded insect predation events, noting morphotype and color of the captured insect, and the substrate from which it was captured. Color modeling suggested that, for all values of chromatic contrast resulting from comparing the measured insect-substrate pairs, trichromats outperformed dichromats. Females showed an overall higher insect capture rate than males. Females also showed a higher capture rate of conspicuous insects but there was no sex difference for the capture of cryptic insects. When we compared only dichromatic individuals there was no difference between sexes. These findings suggest that differences found in capture rate related not only to sex but also to visual polymorphism and that the latter is a crucial factor determining insect capture rate in common marmosets. Nevertheless, these results should be interpreted with caution because of the small number (three) of dichromat females and the unknown phenotype of the remaining females. Our results support the balancing selection hypothesis, suggesting that the advantage of one phenotype over the other may depend on environmental circumstances. This hypothesis has recently been considered as the most plausible for the maintenance of visual polymorphism in New World primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Abreu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ethology, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Antonio Souto
- Laboratory of Ethology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Daniela M O Bonci
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviani Mantovani
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel M A Pessoa
- Laboratory of Sensory Ecology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ethology, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Fox DM, Mundinano IC, Bourne JA. Prehensile kinematics of the marmoset monkey: Implications for the evolution of visually-guided behaviors. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:1495-1507. [PMID: 30680739 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the primate lineage, there is a wide diversity of prehensile capacity that is thought to stem from individual species foraging patterns. While many studies have explored primates with precise hand grips, such as higher apes, few have considered primates that lack opposition movements. The New World marmoset monkey occupies an intriguing niche, displaying adept control of their hand movements yet their absence of opposable digits results in relatively imprecise grasping actions when compared with those observed in Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. The marmoset monkey offers a unique composition of ancestral primate corticospinal organization combined with skilled hand use to explore the evolution and development of visually-guided actions. In this study, four adult marmosets were trained to perform a series of visually-guided tasks, designed to assess their control over locating and retrieving objects of differing dimensions. Two of these animals received a neonatal lesion of the inferior pulvinar (unilateral), a thalamic nucleus previously demonstrated to be involved in visuomotor development. The kinematics of their reaching and grasping patterns were recorded for offline analysis. Predictive modeling revealed that maximum grip aperture, time to reach peak velocity and hand use were reliable predictors of distinguishing between cohorts. A consistent feature observed across all tasks was that they do not precisely scale their grip according to the dimensions of the target object which may be attributed to their lack of independent digit control. Therefore, the marmoset monkey represents a previously understudied position in the evolution of primate reach and grasp behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M Fox
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Inaki-Carril Mundinano
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A Bourne
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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50
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Haga Y, Hata J, Uematsu A, Seki F, Komaki Y, Mizumura M, Nishio M, Kaneko T, Kishi N, Okano H, Furukawa A. MR Imaging Properties of ex vivo Common Marmoset Brain after Formaldehyde Fixation. Magn Reson Med Sci 2019; 18:253-259. [PMID: 30726800 PMCID: PMC6883083 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2018-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Ex vivo brains have different MRI properties than in vivo brains because of chemical changes caused by fixative solutions, which change the signal intensity and/or tissue contrast on MR images. In this study, we investigated and compared the MRI properties of in vivo and ex vivo brains. Methods: Using a Bruker 9.4T experimental scanner unit for animals (Biospin GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany), we performed this study on the common marmoset. We measured the relaxation and diffusion values in the white matter and cortex of common marmosets and compared these values between in vivo brains (n = 20) and ex vivo brains (n = 20). Additionally, we observed the relationship between the tissue fixation duration and MRI properties by imaging a brain that underwent long-term fixation in a preliminary examination (n = 1). Results: The T1 values of ex vivo brains were decreased compared with those of in vivo brains; however, there were no significant difference in the T2 and T2* values of in vivo and ex vivo brains. Axial, radial, and mean diffusivity values of ex vivo brains decreased to approximately 65% and 52% of those of in vivo brains in the cortex and white matter, respectively. Conversely, fractional anisotropy values were not significantly different between in vivo and ex vivo brains. Conclusion: The T1 values and diffusion coefficient values of the ex vivo brains were strikingly different than those of the in vivo brains. Conversely, there were no significant changes in the T2, T2* or fractional anisotropy values. Altogether, the dehydration caused by tissue fixation and the reduction in brain temperature were involved in changing the relaxation and diffusion coefficient values. Here, it was difficult to specify all factors causing these changes. Further detailed study is needed to examine changes in MRI properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawara Haga
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University Graduate School.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN
| | - Junichi Hata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN.,Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals
| | - Akiko Uematsu
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN.,Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals
| | - Fumiko Seki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN.,Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals
| | - Yuji Komaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine.,Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals
| | - Mai Mizumura
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University Graduate School.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN
| | - Marin Nishio
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University Graduate School.,Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals
| | - Takaaki Kaneko
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN
| | - Noriyuki Kishi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN
| | - Akira Furukawa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University Graduate School
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