1
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Yang Y, Wang J, Wan J, Cheng Q, Cheng Z, Zhou X, Wang O, Shi K, Wang L, Wang B, Zhu X, Chen J, Feng D, Liu Y, Jahan-Mihan Y, Haddock AN, Edenfield BH, Peng G, Hohenstein JD, McCabe CE, O'Brien DR, Wang C, Ilyas SI, Jiang L, Torbenson MS, Wang H, Nakhleh RE, Shi X, Wang Y, Bi Y, Gores GJ, Patel T, Ji B. PTEN deficiency induces an extrahepatic cholangitis-cholangiocarcinoma continuum via aurora kinase A in mice. J Hepatol 2024; 81:120-134. [PMID: 38428643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The PTEN-AKT pathway is frequently altered in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA). We aimed to evaluate the role of PTEN in the pathogenesis of eCCA and identify novel therapeutic targets for this disease. METHODS The Pten gene was genetically deleted using the Cre-loxp system in biliary epithelial cells. The pathologies were evaluated both macroscopically and histologically. The characteristics were further analyzed by immunohistochemistry, reverse-transcription PCR, cell culture, and RNA sequencing. Some features were compared to those in human eCCA samples. Further mechanistic studies utilized the conditional knockout of Trp53 and Aurora kinase A (Aurka) genes. We also tested the effectiveness of an Aurka inhibitor. RESULTS We observed that genetic deletion of the Pten gene in the extrahepatic biliary epithelium and peri-ductal glands initiated sclerosing cholangitis-like lesions in mice, resulting in enlarged and distorted extrahepatic bile ducts in mice as early as 1 month after birth. Histologically, these lesions exhibited increased epithelial proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis. With aging, the lesions progressed from low-grade dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. Trp53 inactivation further accelerated disease progression, potentially by downregulating senescence. Further mechanistic studies showed that both human and mouse eCCA showed high expression of AURKA. Notably, the genetic deletion of Aurka completely eliminated Pten deficiency-induced extrahepatic bile duct lesions. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of Aurka alleviated disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Pten deficiency in extrahepatic cholangiocytes and peribiliary glands led to a cholangitis-to-cholangiocarcinoma continuum that was dependent on Aurka. These findings offer new insights into preventive and therapeutic interventions for extrahepatic CCA. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS The aberrant PTEN-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway is commonly observed in human extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA), a disease with a poor prognosis. In our study, we developed a mouse model mimicking cholangitis to eCCA progression by conditionally deleting the Pten gene via Pdx1-Cre in epithelial cells and peribiliary glands of the extrahepatic biliary duct. The conditional Pten deletion in these cells led to cholangitis, which gradually advanced to dysplasia, ultimately resulting in eCCA. The loss of Pten heightened Akt signaling, cell proliferation, inflammation, fibrosis, DNA damage, epigenetic signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell dysplasia, and cellular senescence. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Aurka successfully halted disease progression. This model will be valuable for testing novel therapies and unraveling the mechanisms of eCCA tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jianhua Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zenong Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xueli Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Oliver Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kelvin Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Lingxiang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Dongfeng Feng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ashley N Haddock
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Guang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Chantal E McCabe
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel R O'Brien
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sumera I Ilyas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Liuyan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael S Torbenson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Raouf E Nakhleh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Xuemei Shi
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tushar Patel
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
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2
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Dahiya S, Saleh M, Rodriguez UA, Rajasundaram D, R Arbujas J, Hajihassani A, Yang K, Sehrawat A, Kalsi R, Yoshida S, Prasadan K, Lickert H, Hu J, Piganelli JD, Gittes GK, Esni F. Acinar to β-like cell conversion through inhibition of focal adhesion kinase. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3740. [PMID: 38702347 PMCID: PMC11068907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Insufficient functional β-cell mass causes diabetes; however, an effective cell replacement therapy for curing diabetes is currently not available. Reprogramming of acinar cells toward functional insulin-producing cells would offer an abundant and autologous source of insulin-producing cells. Our lineage tracing studies along with transcriptomic characterization demonstrate that treatment of adult mice with a small molecule that specifically inhibits kinase activity of focal adhesion kinase results in trans-differentiation of a subset of peri-islet acinar cells into insulin producing β-like cells. The acinar-derived insulin-producing cells infiltrate the pre-existing endocrine islets, partially restore β-cell mass, and significantly improve glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice. These findings provide evidence that inhibition of the kinase activity of focal adhesion kinase can convert acinar cells into insulin-producing cells and could offer a promising strategy for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Dahiya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Mohamed Saleh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Uylissa A Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jorge R Arbujas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arian Hajihassani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anuradha Sehrawat
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kalsi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shiho Yoshida
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jon D Piganelli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George K Gittes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Farzad Esni
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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3
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Zhu X, Yang Y, Feng D, Wang O, Chen J, Wang J, Wang B, Liu Y, Edenfield BH, Haddock AN, Wang Y, Patel T, Bi Y, Ji B. Albumin promoter-driven FlpO expression induces efficient genetic recombination in mouse liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G495-G503. [PMID: 38469630 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00263.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-specific gene manipulations are widely used in genetically engineered mouse models. A single recombinase system, such as the one using Alb-Cre, has been commonly used for liver-specific genetic manipulations. However, most diseases are complex, involving multiple genetic changes and various cell types. A dual recombinase system is required for conditionally modifying different genes sequentially in the same cell or inducing genetic changes in different cell types within the same organism. A FlpO cDNA was inserted between the last exon and 3'-UTR of the mouse albumin gene in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC-Alb-FlpO). The founders were crossed with various reporter mice to examine the efficiency of recombination. Liver cancer tumorigenesis was investigated by crossing the FlpO mice with FSF-KrasG12D mice and p53frt mice (KPF mice). BAC-Alb-FlpO mice exhibited highly efficient recombination capability in both hepatocytes and intrahepatic cholangiocytes. No recombination was observed in the duodenum and pancreatic cells. BAC-Alb-FlpO-mediated liver-specific expression of mutant KrasG12D and conditional deletion of p53 gene caused the development of liver cancer. Remarkably, liver cancer in these KPF mice manifested a distinctive mixed hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma phenotype. A highly efficient and liver-specific BAC-Alb-FlpO mouse model was developed. In combination with other Cre lines, different genes can be manipulated sequentially in the same cell, or distinct genetic changes can be induced in different cell types of the same organism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A liver-specific Alb-FlpO mouse line was generated. By coupling it with other existing CreERT or Cre lines, the dual recombinase approach can enable sequential gene modifications within the same cell or across various cell types in an organism for liver research through temporal and spatial gene manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Dongfeng Feng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Oliver Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Jiaxiang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Brandy H Edenfield
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Ashley N Haddock
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Tushar Patel
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
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Ma J, Gong F, Kim E, Du JX, Leung C, Song Q, Logsdon CD, Luo Y, Li X, Lu W. Early elevations of RAS protein level and activity are critical for the development of PDAC in the context of inflammation. Cancer Lett 2024; 586:216694. [PMID: 38307409 PMCID: PMC11032208 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The KRASG12D mutation was believed to be locked in a GTP-bound form, rendering it fully active. However, recent studies have indicated that the presence of mutant KRAS alone is insufficient; it requires additional activation through inflammatory stimuli to effectively drive the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It remains unclear to what extent RAS activation occurs during the development of PDAC in the context of inflammation. Here, in a mouse model with the concurrent expression of KrasG12D/+ and inflammation mediator IKK2 in pancreatic acinar cells, we showed that, compared to KRASG12D alone, the cooperative interaction between KRASG12D and IKK2 rapidly elevated both the protein level and activity of KRASG12D and NRAS in a short term. This high level was sustained throughout the rest phase of PDAC development. These results suggest that inflammation not only rapidly augments the activity but also the protein abundance, leading to an enhanced total amount of GTP-bound RAS (KRASG12D and NRAS) in the early stage. Notably, while KRASG12D could be further activated by IKK2, not all KRASG12D proteins were in the GTP-bound state. Overall, our findings suggest that although KRASG12D is not fully active in the context of inflammation, concurrent increases in both the protein level and activity of KRASG12D as well as NRAS at the early stage by inflammation contribute to the rise in total GTP-bound RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjia Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Fanghua Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Eunice Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - James Xianxing Du
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Cindy Leung
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Qingchun Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yongde Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weiqin Lu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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5
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Zhang R, Peng X, Du JX, Boohaker R, Estevao IL, Grajeda BI, Cox MB, Almeida IC, Lu W. Oncogenic KRASG12D Reprograms Lipid Metabolism by Upregulating SLC25A1 to Drive Pancreatic Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3739-3752. [PMID: 37695315 PMCID: PMC10840918 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with obesity as one of the risk factors. Oncogenic KRAS mutations are prevalent in pancreatic cancer and can rewire lipid metabolism by altering fatty acid (FA) uptake, FA oxidation (FAO), and lipogenesis. Identification of the underlying mechanisms could lead to improved therapeutic strategies for treating KRAS-mutant pancreatic cancer. Here, we observed that KRASG12D upregulated the expression of SLC25A1, a citrate transporter that is a key metabolic switch to mediate FAO, fatty acid synthesis, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis. In genetically engineered mouse models and human pancreatic cancer cells, KRASG12D induced SLC25A1 upregulation via GLI1, which directly stimulated SLC25A1 transcription by binding its promoter. The enhanced expression of SLC25A1 increased levels of cytosolic citrate, FAs, and key enzymes in lipid metabolism. In addition, a high-fat diet (HFD) further stimulated the KRASG12D-GLI1-SLC25A1 axis and the associated increase in citrate and FAs. Pharmacologic inhibition of SLC25A1 and upstream GLI1 significantly suppressed pancreatic tumorigenesis in KrasG12D/+ mice on a HFD. These results reveal a KRASG12D-GLI1-SLC25A1 regulatory axis, with SLC25A1 as an important node that regulates lipid metabolism during pancreatic tumorigenesis, thus indicating an intervention strategy for oncogenic KRAS-driven pancreatic cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Upregulation of SLC25A1 induced by KRASG12D-GLI1 signaling rewires lipid metabolism and is exacerbated by HFD to drive the development of pancreatic cancer, representing a targetable metabolic axis to suppress pancreatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruowen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Depart of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - James Xianxing Du
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Depart of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca Boohaker
- Oncology Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Igor L Estevao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Brian I Grajeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Marc B Cox
- Depart of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Igor C Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Weiqin Lu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Depart of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Zhu X, Chen J, Wang B, Wang L, Wang J, Feng D, Yang Y, Wang O, Haddock AN, Wang Y, Ji B, Bi Y. A mouse model for high-efficient Flp-recombinase-mediated genetic manipulation in the pancreas. Pancreatology 2023; 23:736-741. [PMID: 37429756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue and cell-specific gene targeting has been widely employed in biomedical research. In the pancreas, the commonly used Cre recombinase recognizes and recombines loxP sites. However, to selectively target different genes in distinct cells, a dual recombinase system is required. METHOD We developed an alternative recombination system mediated by FLPo, which recognizes frt DNA sequences for pancreatic dual recombinase-mediated genetic manipulation. An IRES-FLPo cassette was targeted between the translation stop code and 3-UTR of the mouse pdx1 gene in a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome using recombineering technology. Transgenic BAC-Pdx1-FLPo mice were developed by pronuclear injection. RESULTS Highly efficient recombination activity was observed in the pancreas by crossing the founder mice with Flp reporter mice. When the BAC-Pdx1-FLPo mice were bred with conditional FSF-KRasG12D and p53 F/F mice, pancreatic cancer developed in the compound mice. The characteristics of pancreatic cancer resembled those derived from conditional LSL-KRasG12D and p53 L/L mice controlled by pdx1-Cre. CONCLUSIONS We have generated a new transgenic mouse line expressing FLPo, which enables highly efficient pancreatic-specific gene recombination. When combined with other available Cre lines, this system can be utilized to target different genes in distinct cells for pancreatic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Lingxiang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Dongfeng Feng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Oliver Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ashley N Haddock
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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7
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Wang H, Moniruzzaman R, Li L, Ji B, Liu Y, Zuo X, Abbasgholizadeh R, Zhao J, Liu G, Wang R, Tang H, Sun R, Su X, Tan TH, Maitra A, Wang H. Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 inhibits the development and progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163873. [PMID: 37140994 PMCID: PMC10266776 DOI: 10.1172/jci163873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras plays an essential role in the development of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, mutant Kras is an inefficient driver for PDAC development. The mechanisms of the switching from low Ras activity to high Ras activity that are required for development and progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) are unclear. In this study, we found that hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) was upregulated during pancreatic injury and ADM. HPK1 interacted with the SH3 domain and phosphorylated Ras GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP) and upregulated RasGAP activity. Using transgenic mouse models of HPK1 or M46, a kinase-dead mutant of HPK1, we showed that HPK1 inhibited Ras activity and its downstream signaling and regulated acinar cell plasticity. M46 promoted the development of ADM and PanINs. Expression of M46 in KrasG12D Bac mice promoted the infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophages, inhibited the infiltration of T cells, and accelerated the progression of PanINs to invasive and metastatic PDAC, while HPK1 attenuated mutant Kras-driven PanIN progression. Our results showed that HPK1 plays an important role in ADM and the progression of PanINs by regulating Ras signaling. Loss of HPK1 kinase activity promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and accelerates the progression of PanINs to PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and
| | - Rohan Moniruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and
| | | | - Reza Abbasgholizadeh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, and
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Advanced Technology Genomics Core
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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8
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Jancsó Z, Morales Granda NC, Demcsák A, Sahin-Tóth M. Mouse model of PRSS1 p.R122H-related hereditary pancreatitis highlights context-dependent effect of autolysis-site mutation. Pancreatology 2023; 23:131-142. [PMID: 36797199 PMCID: PMC10492521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Mutation p.R122H in human cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) is the most frequently identified cause of hereditary pancreatitis. The mutation blocks protective degradation of trypsinogen by chymotrypsin C (CTRC), which involves an obligatory trypsin-mediated cleavage at Arg122. Previously, we found that C57BL/6N mice are naturally deficient in CTRC, and trypsinogen degradation is catalyzed by chymotrypsin B1 (CTRB1). Here, we used biochemical experiments to demonstrate that the cognate p.R123H mutation in mouse cationic trypsinogen (isoform T7) only partially prevented CTRB1-mediated degradation. We generated a novel C57BL/6N mouse strain harboring the p.R123H mutation in the native T7 trypsinogen locus. T7R123H mice developed no spontaneous pancreatitis, and severity parameters of cerulein-induced pancreatitis trended only slightly higher than those of C57BL/6N mice. However, when treated with cerulein for 2 days, more edema and higher trypsin activity was seen in the pancreas of T7R123H mice compared to C57BL/6N controls. Furthermore, about 40% of T7R123H mice progressed to atrophic pancreatitis in 3 days, whereas C57BL/6N animals showed full histological recovery. Taken together, the observations indicate that mutation p.R123H inefficiently blocks chymotrypsin-mediated degradation of mouse cationic trypsinogen, and modestly increases cerulein-induced intrapancreatic trypsin activity and pancreatitis severity. The findings support the notion that the pathogenic effect of the PRSS1 p.R122H mutation in hereditary pancreatitis is dependent on its ability to defuse chymotrypsin-dependent defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Jancsó
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Demcsák
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Miklós Sahin-Tóth
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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9
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Pita-Grisanti V, Dubay K, Lahooti A, Badi N, Ueltschi O, Gumpper-Fedus K, Hsueh HY, Lahooti I, Chavez-Tomar M, Terhorst S, Knoblaugh SE, Cao L, Huang W, Coss CC, Mace TA, Choueiry F, Hinton A, Mitchell JM, Schmandt R, Grinsfelder MO, Basen-Engquist K, Cruz-Monserrate Z. Physical Activity Delays Obesity-Associated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Mice and Decreases Inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.03.521203. [PMID: 36711764 PMCID: PMC9881853 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.521203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity is a risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a deadly disease with limited preventive strategies. Lifestyle interventions to decrease obesity might prevent obesity-associated PDAC. Here, we examined whether decreasing obesity by increased physical activity (PA) and/or dietary changes would decrease inflammation in humans and prevent PDAC in mice. METHODS Circulating inflammatory-associated cytokines of overweight and obese subjects before and after a PA intervention were compared. PDAC pre-clinical models were exposed to PA and/or dietary interventions after obesity-associated cancer initiation. Body composition, tumor progression, growth, fibrosis, inflammation, and transcriptomic changes in the adipose tissue were evaluated. RESULTS PA decreased the levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines in overweight and obese subjects. PDAC mice on a diet-induced obesity (DIO) and PA intervention, had delayed weight gain, decreased systemic inflammation, lower grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, reduced PDAC incidence, and increased anti-inflammatory signals in the adipose tissue compared to controls. PA had additional cancer prevention benefits when combined with a non-obesogenic diet after DIO. However, weight loss through PA alone or combined with a dietary intervention did not prevent tumor growth in an orthotopic PDAC model. Adipose-specific targeting of interleukin (IL)-15, an anti-inflammatory cytokine induced by PA in the adipose tissue, slowed PDAC growth. CONCLUSIONS PA alone or combined with diet-induced weight loss delayed the progression of PDAC and reduced systemic and adipose inflammatory signals. Therefore, obesity management via dietary interventions and/or PA, or modulating weight loss related pathways could prevent obesity-associated PDAC in high-risk obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pita-Grisanti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kelly Dubay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ali Lahooti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Niharika Badi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Olivia Ueltschi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kristyn Gumpper-Fedus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Hsiang-Yin Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Ohio State University Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ila Lahooti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Myrriah Chavez-Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Samantha Terhorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sue E. Knoblaugh
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lei Cao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Wei Huang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Christopher C. Coss
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Thomas A. Mace
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Fouad Choueiry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alice Hinton
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jennifer M Mitchell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rosemarie Schmandt
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michaela Onstad Grinsfelder
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Karen Basen-Engquist
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center for Energy Balance, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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10
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Differential Effects of Dietary Macronutrients on the Development of Oncogenic KRAS-Mediated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112723. [PMID: 35681705 PMCID: PMC9179355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations are prevalent in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and are critical to fostering tumor growth in part by aberrantly rewiring glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Corroborating this epidemiological observation, mice harboring mutant KRAS are highly vulnerable to obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) challenges leading to the development of PDAC with high penetrance. However, the contributions of other macronutrient diets, such as diets rich in carbohydrates that are regarded as a more direct source to fuel glycolysis for cancer cell survival and proliferation than HFD, to pancreatic tumorigenesis remain unclear. In this study, we compared the differential effects of a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD), an HFD, and a high-protein diet (HPD) in PDAC development using a mouse model expressing an endogenous level of mutant KRASG12D specifically in pancreatic acinar cells. Our study showed that although with a lower tumorigenic capacity than chronic HFD, chronic HCD promoted acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions with increased inflammation, fibrosis, and cell proliferation compared to the normal diet (ND) in KrasG12D/+ mice. By contrast, chronic HPD showed no significant adverse effects compared to the ND. Furthermore, ablation of pancreatic acinar cell cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) in KrasG12D/+ mice abrogated the adverse effects induced by HCD, suggesting that diet-induced pancreatic inflammation is critical for promoting oncogenic KRAS-mediated neoplasia. These results indicate that diets rich in different macronutrients have differential effects on pancreatic tumorigenesis in which the ensuing inflammation exacerbates the process. Management of macronutrient intake aimed at thwarting inflammation is thus an important preventive strategy for patients harboring oncogenic KRAS.
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11
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Du W, Liu G, Shi N, Tang D, Ferdek PE, Jakubowska MA, Liu S, Zhu X, Zhang J, Yao L, Sang X, Zou S, Liu T, Mukherjee R, Criddle DN, Zheng X, Xia Q, Berggren PO, Huang W, Sutton R, Tian Y, Huang W, Fu X. A microRNA checkpoint for Ca 2+ signaling and overload in acute pancreatitis. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1754-1774. [PMID: 35077860 PMCID: PMC9077382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common digestive disease without specific treatment, and its pathogenesis features multiple deleterious amplification loops dependent on translation, triggered by cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) overload; however, the underlying mechanisms in Ca2+ overload of AP remains incompletely understood. Here we show that microRNA-26a (miR-26a) inhibits pancreatic acinar cell (PAC) store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channel expression, Ca2+ overload, and AP. We find that major SOCE channels are post-transcriptionally induced in PACs during AP, whereas miR-26a expression is reduced in experimental and human AP and correlated with AP severity. Mechanistically, miR-26a simultaneously targets Trpc3 and Trpc6 SOCE channels and attenuates physiological oscillations and pathological elevations of [Ca2+]i in PACs. MiR-26a deficiency increases SOCE channel expression and [Ca2+]i overload, and significantly exacerbates AP. Conversely, global or PAC-specific overexpression of miR-26a in mice ameliorates pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, acinar necrosis, and systemic inflammation, accompanied with remarkable improvements on pathological determinants related with [Ca2+]i overload. Moreover, pancreatic or systemic administration of an miR-26a mimic to mice significantly alleviates experimental AP. These findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism underlying AP pathogenesis, establish a critical role for miR-26a in Ca2+ signaling in the exocrine pancreas, and identify a potential target for the treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Du
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Institutes for Systems Genetics & Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Dongmei Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Pawel E Ferdek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika A Jakubowska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Linbo Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xiongbo Sang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Sailan Zou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
| | - Yan Tian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Institutes for Systems Genetics & Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; West China Biobanks, Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.
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12
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Wang J, Wang O, Bi Y, Wang Y, Crawford H, Ji B. Ptf1a Promoter-Driven Cre Expression During Spermatogenesis Causes Germline Recombination. Pancreas 2022; 51:90-93. [PMID: 35195600 PMCID: PMC8887793 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Two independently developed Ptf1a-Cre mouse lines, Ptf1atm1(cre)Hnak and Ptf1atm1(Cre)Cvw, are widely used in pancreatic research. Recently, Ptf1atm1(cre)Hnak line was reported to transmit unwanted paternal recombination. We aimed to investigate whether this exists in the Ptf1atm1(Cre)Cvw line. METHODS Ptf1atm1(Cre)Cvw mice were crossed with R26-LSL-LacZ reporter mice. DNA recombination and gene expression were examined by recombination-specific polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and X-Gal staining. RESULTS R26 locus recombination was detected in the pancreas as well as the testes and sperm of the double transgenic mice. Positive ptf1a mRNA expression from testes revealed that there was endogenous Ptf1a promoter activity in this extrapancreatic tissue. Of the 15 progenies that inherited LacZ from the male double transgenic mice, 4 (26.7%) were positive for complete whole-body recombination. The presence of recombination in R26 only mice suggested that the recombination occurred before meiosis. CONCLUSIONS Paternal germline recombination exists in the Ptf1atm1(Cre)Cvw mouse line. Ptf1a promoter-driven Cre expression during spermatogenesis before meiosis is the cause of germline recombination. Therefore, when male Ptf1a-Cre mice are used in compound mice breeding, it is necessary to genotype not only floxed alleles but also recombined alleles to examine unwanted recombinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Bi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Baoan Ji
- From the Department of Cancer Biology
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13
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Wan J, Wang J, Wagner LE, Wang OH, Gui F, Chen J, Zhu X, Haddock AN, Edenfield BH, Haight B, Mukhopadhyay D, Wang Y, Yule DI, Bi Y, Ji B. Pancreas-specific CHRM3 activation causes pancreatitis in mice. JCI Insight 2021; 6:132585. [PMID: 34314386 PMCID: PMC8492327 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperstimulation of the cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK1R), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), in pancreatic acinar cells is commonly used to induce pancreatitis in rodents. Human pancreatic acinar cells lack CCK1R but express cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 (M3R), another GPCR. To test whether M3R activation is involved in pancreatitis, a mutant M3R was conditionally expressed in pancreatic acinar cells in mice. This mutant receptor loses responsiveness to its native ligand, acetylcholine, but can be activated by an inert small molecule, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Intracellular calcium and amylase were elicited by CNO in pancreatic acinar cells isolated from mutant M3R mice but not WT mice. Similarly, acute pancreatitis (AP) could be induced by a single injection of CNO in the transgenic mice but not WT mice. Compared with the cerulein-induced AP, CNO caused more widespread acinar cell death and inflammation. Furthermore, chronic pancreatitis developed at 4 weeks after 3 episodes of CNO-induced AP. In contrast, in mice with 3 recurrent episodes of cerulein-included AP, pancreas histology was restored in 4 weeks. Furthermore, the M3R antagonist ameliorated the severity of cerulein-induced AP in WT mice. We conclude that M3R activation can cause the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. This model may provide an alternative approach for pancreatitis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Larry E. Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Oliver H. Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Fu Gui
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ashley N. Haddock
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Brian Haight
- Prodo Laboratories Inc., Aliso Viejo, California, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David I. Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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14
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Cooley MM, Thomas DDH, Deans K, Peng Y, Lugea A, Pandol SJ, Puglielli L, Groblewski GE. Deficient Endoplasmic Reticulum Acetyl-CoA Import in Pancreatic Acinar Cells Leads to Chronic Pancreatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:725-738. [PMID: 33080365 PMCID: PMC7841443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Maintaining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis is essential for pancreatic acinar cell function. Under conditions of severe ER stress, activation of pathogenic unfolded protein response pathways plays a central role in the development and progression of pancreatitis. Less is known, however, of the consequence of perturbing ER-associated post-translational protein modifications on pancreatic outcomes. Here, we examined the role of the ER acetyl-CoA transporter AT-1 on pancreatic homeostasis. METHODS We used an AT-1S113R/+ hypomorphic mouse model, and generated an inducible, acinar-specific, AT-1 knockout mouse model, and performed histologic and biochemical analyses to probe the effect of AT-1 loss on acinar cell physiology. RESULTS We found that AT-1 expression is down-regulated significantly during both acute and chronic pancreatitis. Furthermore, acinar-specific deletion of AT-1 in acinar cells induces chronic ER stress marked by activation of both the spliced x-box binding protein 1 and protein kinase R-like ER kinase pathways, leading to spontaneous mild/moderate chronic pancreatitis evidenced by accumulation of intracellular trypsin, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Induction of acute-on-chronic pancreatitis in the AT-1 model led to acinar cell loss and glad atrophy. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a key role for AT-1 in pancreatic acinar cell homeostasis, the unfolded protein response, and that perturbations in AT-1 function leads to pancreatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yajing Peng
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Pancreatic Research Group, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Pancreatic Research Group, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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15
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Gui F, Zhang Y, Wan J, Zhan X, Yao Y, Li Y, Haddock AN, Shi J, Guo J, Chen J, Zhu X, Edenfield BH, Zhuang L, Hu C, Wang Y, Mukhopadhyay D, Radisky ES, Zhang L, Lugea A, Pandol SJ, Bi Y, Ji B. Trypsin activity governs increased susceptibility to pancreatitis in mice expressing human PRSS1R122H. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:189-202. [PMID: 31550238 DOI: 10.1172/jci130172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, an effective targeted therapy for pancreatitis is lacking. Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) is a heritable, autosomal-dominant disorder with recurrent acute pancreatitis (AP) progressing to chronic pancreatitis (CP) and a markedly increased risk of pancreatic cancer. In 1996, mutations in PRSS1 were linked to the development of HP. Here, we developed a mouse model by inserting a full-length human PRSS1R122H gene, the most commonly mutated gene in human HP, into mice. Expression of PRSS1R122H protein in the pancreas markedly increased stress signaling pathways and exacerbated AP. After the attack of AP, all PRSS1R122H mice had disease progression to CP, with similar histologic features as those observed in human HP. By comparing PRSS1R122H mice with PRSS1WT mice, as well as enzymatically inactivated Dead-PRSS1R122H mice, we unraveled that increased trypsin activity is the mechanism for R122H mutation to sensitize mice to the development of pancreatitis. We further discovered that trypsin inhibition, in combination with anticoagulation therapy, synergistically prevented progression to CP in PRSS1R122H mice. These animal models help us better understand the complex nature of this disease and provide powerful tools for developing and testing novel therapeutics for human pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Gui
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Yuebo Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jianhua Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Xianbao Zhan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Yinghua Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ashley N Haddock
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ji Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Lu Zhuang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Aurelia Lugea
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yan Bi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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16
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Adult Pancreatic Acinar Progenitor-like Populations in Regeneration and Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:758-767. [PMID: 32362534 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bulk of the pancreas primarily comprises long-lived acinar cells that are not considered a bona fide source for stem cells. However, certain acinar subpopulations have a repopulating capacity during regeneration, raising the hypothesis as to the presence of regenerative progenitor-like populations in the adult pancreas. Here, we describe recent discoveries based on fate-mapping techniques that support the existence of progenitor-like acinar subpopulations, including active progenitor-like cells that maintain tissue homeostasis and facultative progenitor-like cells that drive tissue regeneration. A possible link between progenitor-like acinar cells and cancer initiators is proposed. Further analysis of these cellular components is needed, because it would help uncover possible cellular sources for regeneration and cancer, as well as potential targets for therapy.
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17
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Enhanced Production of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Amplicon Vectors by Gene Modification and Optimization of Packaging Cell Growth Medium. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:491-496. [PMID: 32258212 PMCID: PMC7114837 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-derived amplicon vectors are unique in their ability to accommodate large DNA molecules allowing whole genomic loci to be included with all of their regulatory elements. Additional advantages of these amplicons include their minimal toxicity and ability to persist as episomes, with negligible risk of insertional mutagenesis, being particularly well-suited for gene therapy of neurological disorders due to their outstanding ability to deliver genes into neurons and other neural cells. However, extensive gene therapy application has been hindered by difficulties in vector production. This work improved HSV-1 amplicons production by genetic modification of the packaging cell line and optimization of the culture medium. A stably-transfected Vero 2-2 cell line overexpressing the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was generated, exhibiting an increased resistance to apoptosis, prolonged culture duration, and a significant improvement in viral vector production. Additionally, supplementation of the growth medium with antioxidants, polyamines, amino acids, and reduced glutathione further increased the yield of packaged amplicon vectors. With these modifications, HSV-1 amplicons could be isolated from culture supernatants instead of cell lysates, leading to vector preparations with higher titer and purity and paving the way for generation of stable cell lines that are capable of continuous herpesviral vector production.
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18
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Huang H, Swidnicka-Siergiejko AK, Daniluk J, Gaiser S, Yao Y, Peng L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Dong M, Zhan X, Wang H, Bi Y, Li Z, Ji B, Logsdon CD. Transgenic Expression of PRSS1 R122H Sensitizes Mice to Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1072-1082.e7. [PMID: 31419436 PMCID: PMC7580257 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mutations in the trypsinogen gene (PRSS1) cause human hereditary pancreatitis. However, it is not clear how mutant forms of PRSS1 contribute to disease development. We studied the effects of expressing mutant forms of human PRSS1 in mice. METHODS We expressed forms of PRSS1 with and without the mutation encoding R122H (PRSS1R122H) specifically in pancreatic acinar cells under control of a full-length pancreatic elastase gene promoter. Mice that did not express these transgenes were used as controls. Mice were given injections of caerulein to induce acute pancreatitis or injections of lipopolysaccharide to induce chronic pancreatitis. Other groups of mice were fed ethanol or placed on a high-fat diet to induce pancreatitis. Pancreata were collected and analyzed by histology, immunoblots, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. Trypsin enzymatic activity and chymotrypsin enzymatic activity were measured in pancreatic homogenates. Blood was collected and serum amylase activity was measured. RESULTS Pancreata from mice expressing transgenes encoding PRSS1 or PRSS1R122H had focal areas of inflammation; these lesions were more prominent in mice that express PRSS1R122H. Pancreata from mice that express PRSS1 or PRSS1R122H had increased levels of heat shock protein 70 and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, and reduced levels of chymotrypsin C compared with control mice. Increased expression of PRSS1 or PRSS1R122H increased focal damage in pancreatic tissues and increased the severity of acute pancreatitis after caerulein injection. Administration of lipopolysaccharide exacerbated inflammation in mice that express PRSS1R122H compared to mice that express PRSS1 or control mice. Mice that express PRSS1R122H developed more severe pancreatitis after ethanol feeding or a high-fat diet than mice that express PRSS1 or control mice. Pancreata from mice that express PRSS1R122H had more DNA damage, apoptosis, and collagen deposition and increased trypsin activity and infiltration by inflammatory cells than mice that express PRSS1 or control mice. CONCLUSIONS Expression of a transgene encoding PRSS1R122H in mice promoted inflammation and increased the severity of pancreatitis compared with mice that express PRSS1 or control mice. These mice might be used as a model for human hereditary pancreatitis and can be studied to determine mechanisms of induction of pancreatitis by lipopolysaccharide, ethanol, or a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Swidnicka-Siergiejko
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Daniluk
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gaiser
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lisi Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Minyu Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Xianbao Zhan
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
| | - Craig D. Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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19
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Luo Y, Yang Y, Liu M, Wang D, Wang F, Bi Y, Ji J, Li S, Liu Y, Chen R, Huang H, Wang X, Swidnicka-Siergiejko AK, Janowitz T, Beyaz S, Wang G, Xu S, Bialkowska AB, Luo CK, Pin CL, Liang G, Lu X, Wu M, Shroyer KR, Wolff RA, Plunkett W, Ji B, Li Z, Li E, Li X, Yang VW, Logsdon CD, Abbruzzese JL, Lu W. Oncogenic KRAS Reduces Expression of FGF21 in Acinar Cells to Promote Pancreatic Tumorigenesis in Mice on a High-Fat Diet. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:1413-1428.e11. [PMID: 31352001 PMCID: PMC6815712 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. In mice, a high-fat diet (HFD) and expression of oncogenic KRAS lead to development of invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by unknown mechanisms. We investigated how oncogenic KRAS regulates the expression of fibroblast growth factor 21, FGF21, a metabolic regulator that prevents obesity, and the effects of recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21) on pancreatic tumorigenesis. METHODS We performed immunohistochemical analyses of FGF21 levels in human pancreatic tissue arrays, comprising 59 PDAC specimens and 45 nontumor tissues. We also studied mice with tamoxifen-inducible expression of oncogenic KRAS in acinar cells (KrasG12D/+ mice) and fElasCreERT mice (controls). KrasG12D/+ mice were placed on an HFD or regular chow diet (control) and given injections of rhFGF21 or vehicle; pancreata were collected and analyzed by histology, immunoblots, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. We measured markers of inflammation in the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue. Activity of RAS was measured based on the amount of bound guanosine triphosphate. RESULTS Pancreatic tissues of mice expressed high levels of FGF21 compared with liver tissues. FGF21 and its receptor proteins were expressed by acinar cells. Acinar cells that expressed KrasG12D/+ had significantly lower expression of Fgf21 messenger RNA compared with acinar cells from control mice, partly due to down-regulation of PPARG expression-a transcription factor that activates Fgf21 transcription. Pancreata from KrasG12D/+ mice on a control diet and given injections of rhFGF21 had reduced pancreatic inflammation, infiltration by immune cells, and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia compared with mice given injections of vehicle. HFD-fed KrasG12D/+ mice given injections of vehicle accumulated abdominal fat, developed extensive inflammation, pancreatic cysts, and high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs); half the mice developed PDAC with liver metastases. HFD-fed KrasG12D/+ mice given injections of rhFGF21 had reduced accumulation of abdominal fat and pancreatic triglycerides, fewer pancreatic cysts, reduced systemic and pancreatic markers of inflammation, fewer PanINs, and longer survival-only approximately 12% of the mice developed PDACs, and none of the mice had metastases. Pancreata from HFD-fed KrasG12D/+ mice given injections of rhFGF21 had lower levels of active RAS than from mice given vehicle. CONCLUSIONS Normal acinar cells from mice and humans express high levels of FGF21. In mice, acinar expression of oncogenic KRAS significantly reduces FGF21 expression. When these mice are placed on an HFD, they develop extensive inflammation, pancreatic cysts, PanINs, and PDACs, which are reduced by injection of FGF21. FGF21 also reduces the guanosine triphosphate binding capacity of RAS. FGF21 might be used in the prevention or treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongde Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
| | - Yaying Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Muyun Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yawei Bi
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Juntao Ji
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Tobias Janowitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Sulan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - Catherine K. Luo
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Christoph L. Pin
- Departments of Pediatrics, Oncology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canana N5C 2V5
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine. Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maoxin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Shroyer
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Robert A. Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William Plunkett
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ellen Li
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Craig D. Logsdon
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James L. Abbruzzese
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Weiqin Lu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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20
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Saloman JL, Albers KM, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Davis BM, Edderkaoui M, Eibl G, Epouhe AY, Gedeon JY, Gorelick FS, Grippo PJ, Groblewski GE, Husain SZ, Lai KK, Pandol SJ, Uc A, Wen L, Whitcomb DC. Animal Models: Challenges and Opportunities to Determine Optimal Experimental Models of Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2019; 48:759-779. [PMID: 31206467 PMCID: PMC6581211 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At the 2018 PancreasFest meeting, experts participating in basic research met to discuss the plethora of available animal models for studying exocrine pancreatic disease. In particular, the discussion focused on the challenges currently facing the field and potential solutions. That meeting culminated in this review, which describes the advantages and limitations of both common and infrequently used models of exocrine pancreatic disease, namely, pancreatitis and exocrine pancreatic cancer. The objective is to provide a comprehensive description of the available models but also to provide investigators with guidance in the application of these models to investigate both environmental and genetic contributions to exocrine pancreatic disease. The content covers both nongenic and genetically engineered models across multiple species (large and small). Recommendations for choosing the appropriate model as well as how to conduct and present results are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jami L. Saloman
- Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kathryn M. Albers
- Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Brian M. Davis
- Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Basic and Translational Pancreas Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ariel Y. Epouhe
- Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jeremy Y. Gedeon
- Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Fred S. Gorelick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases & Department of Cell Biology Yale University School of Medicine; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT
| | - Paul J. Grippo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Guy E. Groblewski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Keane K.Y. Lai
- Department of Pathology (National Medical Center), Department of Molecular Medicine (Beckman Research Institute), and Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aliye Uc
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
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21
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Abstract
Pancreatitis is a major risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer. In genetically engineered mouse models, induction of pancreatic inflammation dramatically accelerates oncogenic KRas-induced fibrosis, precancerous PanIN formation, and tumorigenesis. Here we describe simple methods of secretagogue-induced experimental acute and chronic pancreatitis, the most commonly used pancreatitis models, and their applications in pancreatic cancer research. Additionally, the preparation of primary pancreatic acinar cells is introduced. Primary acinar cells can be used to study the early events of pancreatic inflammation and pancreatic acinar-to-ductal (ADM) metaplasia.
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22
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Zhan X, Wan J, Zhang G, Song L, Gui F, Zhang Y, Li Y, Guo J, Dawra RK, Saluja AK, Haddock AN, Zhang L, Bi Y, Ji B. Elevated intracellular trypsin exacerbates acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G816-G825. [PMID: 30943050 PMCID: PMC6620583 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00004.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intra-acinar trypsinogen activation occurs in the earliest stages of pancreatitis and is believed to play important roles in pancreatitis pathogenesis. However, the exact role of intra-acinar trypsin activity in pancreatitis remains elusive. Here, we aimed to examine the specific effects of intra-acinar trypsin activity on the development of pancreatitis using a transgenic mouse model. This transgenic mouse model allowed for the conditional expression of a mutant trypsinogen that can be activated specifically inside pancreatic acinar cells. We found that expression of this active mutated trypsin had no significant effect on triggering spontaneous pancreatitis. Instead, several protective compensatory mechanisms, including SPINK1 and heat shock proteins, were upregulated. Notably, these transgenic mice developed much more severe acute pancreatitis, compared with control mice, when challenged with caerulein. Elevated tissue edema, serum amylase, inflammatory cell infiltration and acinar cell apoptosis were dramatically associated with increased trypsin activity. Furthermore, chronic pathological changes were observed in the pancreas of all transgenic mice, including inflammatory cell infiltration, parenchymal atrophy and cell loss, fibrosis, and fatty replacement. These changes were not observed in control mice treated with caerulein. The alterations in pancreata from transgenic mice mimicked the histological changes common to human chronic pancreatitis. Taken together, we provided in vivo evidence that increased intra-acinar activation of trypsinogen plays an important role in the initiation and progression of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Trypsinogen is activated early in pancreatitis. However, the roles of trypsin in the development of pancreatitis have not been fully addressed. Using a genetic approach, we showed trypsin activity is critical for the severity of both acute and chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Zhan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jianhua Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lele Song
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Fu Gui
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Yuebo Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Yinghua Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Rajinder K Dawra
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
| | - Ashok K Saluja
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
| | - Ashley N Haddock
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
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23
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Wang D, Bi Y, Hu L, Luo Y, Ji J, Mao AZ, Logsdon CD, Li E, Abbruzzese JL, Li Z, Yang VW, Lu W. Obesogenic high-fat diet heightens aerobic glycolysis through hyperactivation of oncogenic KRAS. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:19. [PMID: 30819189 PMCID: PMC6396546 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS plays a vital role in controlling tumor metabolism by enhancing aerobic glycolysis. Obesity driven by chronic consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) is a major risk factor for oncogenic KRAS-mediated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the role of HFD in KRAS-mediated metabolic reprogramming has been obscure. Here, by using genetically engineered mouse models expressing an endogenous level of KRASG12D in pancreatic acinar cells, we demonstrate that hyperactivation of KRASG12D by obesogenic HFD, as compared to carbohydrate-rich diet, is responsible for enhanced aerobic glycolysis that associates with critical pathogenic responses in the path towards PDAC. Ablation of Cox-2 attenuates KRAS hyperactivation leading to the reversal of both aggravated aerobic glycolysis and high-grade dysplasia under HFD challenge. Our data highlight a pivotal role of the cooperative interaction between obesity-ensuing HFD and oncogenic KRAS in driving the heightened aerobic glycolysis during pancreatic tumorigenesis and suggest that in addition to directly targeting KRAS and aerobic glycolysis pathway, strategies to target the upstream of KRAS hyperactivation may bear important therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook of University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawei Bi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook of University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianghao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongde Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Centeer BioTherapeutics Ltd Co, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juntao Ji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook of University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Albert Z Mao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook of University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ellen Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook of University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - James L Abbruzzese
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook of University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Weiqin Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook of University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA.
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24
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Xiao X, Guo P, Shiota C, Zhang T, Coudriet GM, Fischbach S, Prasadan K, Fusco J, Ramachandran S, Witkowski P, Piganelli JD, Gittes GK. Endogenous Reprogramming of Alpha Cells into Beta Cells, Induced by Viral Gene Therapy, Reverses Autoimmune Diabetes. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:78-90.e4. [PMID: 29304344 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Successful strategies for treating type 1 diabetes need to restore the function of pancreatic beta cells that are destroyed by the immune system and overcome further destruction of insulin-producing cells. Here, we infused adeno-associated virus carrying Pdx1 and MafA expression cassettes through the pancreatic duct to reprogram alpha cells into functional beta cells and normalized blood glucose in both beta cell-toxin-induced diabetic mice and in autoimmune non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. The euglycemia in toxin-induced diabetic mice and new insulin+ cells persisted in the autoimmune NOD mice for 4 months prior to reestablishment of autoimmune diabetes. This gene therapy strategy also induced alpha to beta cell conversion in toxin-treated human islets, which restored blood glucose levels in NOD/SCID mice upon transplantation. Hence, this strategy could represent a new therapeutic approach, perhaps complemented by immunosuppression, to bolster endogenous insulin production. Our study thus provides a potential basis for further investigation in human type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Xiao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Ping Guo
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Chiyo Shiota
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Gina M Coudriet
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Shane Fischbach
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Joseph Fusco
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | | | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jon D Piganelli
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - George K Gittes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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25
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Huang H, Chen J, Peng L, Yao Y, Deng D, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Li Z, Bi Y, Haddock AN, Zhan X, Lu W, Logsdon CD, Ji B. Transgenic expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in pancreatic acinar cells induces chronic pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G179-G186. [PMID: 30431318 PMCID: PMC6383372 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00096.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of the exocrine parenchyma by fibrous tissue is a main characteristic of chronic pancreatitis. Understanding the mechanisms of pancreatic fibrogenesis is critical for the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis, is expressed in patients with chronic pancreatitis. However, it is unknown whether COX-2 can cause chronic pancreatitis. To investigate the roles of pancreatic acinar COX-2 in fibrogenesis and the development of chronic pancreatitis, COX-2 was ectopically expressed specifically in pancreatic acinar cells in transgenic mice. Histopathological changes and expression levels of several profibrogenic factors related to chronic pancreatitis were evaluated. COX-2 was expressed in the pancreas of the transgenic mice, as detected by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining showed COX-2 was specifically expressed in pancreatic acinar cells. COX-2 expression led to progressive changes in the pancreas, including pancreas megaly, persistent inflammation, collagen deposition, and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunostaining showed that profibrogenic factors were upregulated and pancreatic stellate cells were activated in the COX-2 transgenic mice. Expression of COX-2 in pancreatic acinar cells is sufficient to induce chronic pancreatitis. Targeting this pathway may be valuable in the prevention of chronic pancreatitis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY COX-2 expression is observed in pancreatic tissues of human chronic pancreatitis. In this study, we showed that COX-2 expression caused the development of chronic pancreatitis in transgenic mice, supporting the idea that COX-2 inhibition may be an effective preventive and therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Jiaxiang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Lisi Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Defeng Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Huamin Wang
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Ashley N Haddock
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Xianbao Zhan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Weiqin Lu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida
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26
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Elenbaas JS, Cunha JB, Azuero-Dajud R, Nelson B, Oral EA, Williams JA, Stewart CL, Omary MB. Lamin A/C Maintains Exocrine Pancreas Homeostasis by Regulating Stability of RB and Activity of E2F. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1625-1629.e8. [PMID: 29366840 PMCID: PMC5927841 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lamins have important roles in nuclear structure and cell signaling. Several diseases are associated with mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA in humans). Patients with familial partial lipodystrophy caused by LMNA mutations develop pancreatitis, but lamin function in the pancreas and how these mutations affect pancreatic regulation are unknown. We generated mice with inducible exocrine pancreas-specific disruption of Lmna and showed that LMNA is lost from most exocrine pancreas cells. LMNA-knockout pancreata develop endoplasmic reticulum stress with loss of acinar cell markers, increased autophagy, apoptosis, and cell proliferation, compared to CreERT2- mice (littermate controls). Disruption of Lmna led to a phenotype that resembled chronic pancreatitis, with increased Sirius Red staining and α-smooth muscle actin in male LMNA-knockout mice compared to littermate males, but not in female mice. LMNA-knockout pancreata have reduced levels of RB and activation of E2F, based on increased expression of E2F target genes. Therefore, lamins maintain pancreatic homeostasis by regulating RB stability and E2F activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S. Elenbaas
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Juliana Bragazzi Cunha
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rodrigo Azuero-Dajud
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bradley Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elif A. Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Brehm Center for Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John A. Williams
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,To whom correspondence should be addressed: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 7744 Medical Science Bldg.II, 1137 East Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622.
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27
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Khoriaty R, Vogel N, Hoenerhoff MJ, Sans MD, Zhu G, Everett L, Nelson B, Durairaj H, McKnight B, Zhang B, Ernst SA, Ginsburg D, Williams JA. SEC23B is required for pancreatic acinar cell function in adult mice. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2146-2154. [PMID: 28539403 PMCID: PMC5509426 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of Sec23b exclusively in the pancreatic acinar cells of adult mice results in loss of pancreatic mass, with evidence of cell loss, degeneration of exocrine cells (with smaller-than-normal zymogen granules and ER dilation), ER stress, and increased pancreatic cell apoptosis. Mice with germline absence of SEC23B die perinatally, exhibiting massive pancreatic degeneration. We generated mice with tamoxifen-inducible, pancreatic acinar cell–specific Sec23b deletion. Inactivation of Sec23b exclusively in the pancreatic acinar cells of adult mice results in decreased overall pancreatic weights from pancreatic cell loss (decreased pancreatic DNA, RNA, and total protein content), as well as degeneration of exocrine cells, decreased zymogen granules, and alterations in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ranging from vesicular ER to markedly expanded cisternae with accumulation of moderate-density content or intracisternal granules. Acinar Sec23b deletion results in induction of ER stress and increased apoptosis in the pancreas, potentially explaining the loss of pancreatic cells and decreased pancreatic weight. These findings demonstrate that SEC23B is required for normal function of pancreatic acinar cells in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Khoriaty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nancy Vogel
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - M Dolors Sans
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Guojing Zhu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lesley Everett
- University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bradley Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Haritha Durairaj
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Brooke McKnight
- College of Literature Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bin Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Stephen A Ernst
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - David Ginsburg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 .,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - John A Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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28
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Gomez-Chou SB, Swidnicka-Siergiejko AK, Badi N, Chavez-Tomar M, Lesinski GB, Bekaii-Saab T, Farren MR, Mace TA, Schmidt C, Liu Y, Deng D, Hwang RF, Zhou L, Moore T, Chatterjee D, Wang H, Leng X, Arlinghaus RB, Logsdon CD, Cruz-Monserrate Z. Lipocalin-2 Promotes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Regulating Inflammation in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2647-2660. [PMID: 28249896 PMCID: PMC5441230 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) promotes malignant development in many cancer types. LCN2 is upregulated in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and in obese individuals, but whether it contributes to PDAC development is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of Lcn2 depletion on diet-induced obesity, inflammation, and PDAC development. Mice with acinar cell-specific expression of KrasG12D were crossed with Lcn2-depleted animals and fed isocaloric diets with varying amounts of fat content. Pancreas were collected and analyzed for inflammation, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), and PDAC. We also used a syngeneic orthotopic PDAC mouse model to study tumor growth in the presence or absence of Lcn2 expression. In addition, to understand the mechanistic role of how LCN2 could be mediating PDAC, we studied LCN2 and its specific receptor solute carrier family 22 member 17 (SLC22A17) in human pancreatic cancer stellate cells (PSC), key mediators of the PDAC stroma. Depletion of Lcn2 diminished extracellular matrix deposition, immune cell infiltration, PanIN formation, and tumor growth. Notably, it also increased survival in both obesity-driven and syngeneic orthotopic PDAC mouse models. LCN2 modulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in PSC of the PDAC tumor microenvironment, whereas downregulation of LCN2-specific receptor SLC22A17 blocked these effects. Our results reveal how LCN2 acts in the tumor microenvironment links obesity, inflammation, and PDAC development. Cancer Res; 77(10); 2647-60. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobeyda B Gomez-Chou
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Swidnicka-Siergiejko
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Niharika Badi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Myrriah Chavez-Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Matthew R Farren
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas A Mace
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Carl Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Defeng Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Liran Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Todd Moore
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaohong Leng
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ralph B Arlinghaus
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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29
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Ahuja M, Schwartz DM, Tandon M, Son A, Zeng M, Swaim W, Eckhaus M, Hoffman V, Cui Y, Xiao B, Worley PF, Muallem S. Orai1-Mediated Antimicrobial Secretion from Pancreatic Acini Shapes the Gut Microbiome and Regulates Gut Innate Immunity. Cell Metab 2017; 25:635-646. [PMID: 28273482 PMCID: PMC5345693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome participates in numerous physiologic functions and communicates intimately with the host immune system. Antimicrobial peptides are critical components of intestinal innate immunity. We report a prominent role for antimicrobials secreted by pancreatic acini in shaping the gut microbiome that is essential for intestinal innate immunity, barrier function, and survival. Deletion of the Ca2+ channel Orai1 in pancreatic acini of adult mice resulted in 60%-70% mortality within 3 weeks. Despite robust activation of the intestinal innate immune response, mice lacking acinar Orai1 exhibited intestinal bacterial outgrowth and dysbiosis, ultimately causing systemic translocation, inflammation, and death. While digestive enzyme supplementation was ineffective, treatments constraining bacterial outgrowth (purified liquid diet, broad-spectrum antibiotics) rescued survival, feeding, and weight gain. Pancreatic levels of cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) were reduced, and supplement of synthetic CRAMP prevented intestinal disease. These findings reveal a critical role for antimicrobial pancreatic secretion in gut innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Ahuja
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mayank Tandon
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aran Son
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mei Zeng
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William Swaim
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Eckhaus
- Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Victoria Hoffman
- Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yiyuan Cui
- Department of Neuroscience, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neuroscience, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Paul F Worley
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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30
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Coate KC, Hernandez G, Thorne CA, Sun S, Le TDV, Vale K, Kliewer SA, Mangelsdorf DJ. FGF21 Is an Exocrine Pancreas Secretagogue. Cell Metab 2017; 25:472-480. [PMID: 28089565 PMCID: PMC5299054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic stress hormone FGF21 is highly expressed in exocrine pancreas, where its levels are increased by refeeding and chemically induced pancreatitis. However, its function in the exocrine pancreas remains unknown. Here, we show that FGF21 stimulates digestive enzyme secretion from pancreatic acinar cells through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism that requires signaling through a tyrosine kinase receptor complex composed of an FGF receptor and β-Klotho. Mice lacking FGF21 accumulate zymogen granules and are susceptible to pancreatic ER stress, an effect that is reversed by administration of recombinant FGF21. Mice carrying an acinar cell-specific deletion of β-Klotho also accumulate zymogen granules but are refractory to FGF21-stimulated secretion. Like the classical post-prandial secretagogue, cholecystokinin (CCK), FGF21 triggers intracellular calcium release via PLC-IP3R signaling. However, unlike CCK, FGF21 does not induce protein synthesis, thereby preventing protein accumulation. Thus, pancreatic FGF21 is a digestive enzyme secretagogue whose physiologic function is to maintain acinar cell proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie C Coate
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Genaro Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Curtis A Thorne
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Thao D V Le
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kevin Vale
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Steven A Kliewer
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - David J Mangelsdorf
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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31
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Swidnicka-Siergiejko AK, Gomez-Chou SB, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Deng D, Liu Y, Huang H, Ji B, Azizian N, Daniluk J, Lu W, Wang H, Maitra A, Logsdon CD. Chronic inflammation initiates multiple forms of K-Ras-independent mouse pancreatic cancer in the absence of TP53. Oncogene 2016; 36:3149-3158. [PMID: 27991926 PMCID: PMC5467016 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation (CI) is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer (PC) including the most common type, ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but its role and the mechanisms involved are unclear. To investigate the role of CI in PC, we generated genetic mouse models with pancreatic specific CI in the presence or absence of TP53. Mice were engineered to express either cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) or IκB kinase-2 (IKK2), and TP53+/+ or TP53f/f specifically in adult pancreatic acinar cells by using a full-length pancreatic elastase promoter-driven Cre. Animals were followed for >80 weeks and pancreatic lesions were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically. The presence of K-ras mutations was assessed by direct sequencing, locked nuclei acid (LNA)-based PCR, and immunohistochemistry. We observed that sustained COX-2/IKK2 expression caused histological abnormalities of pancreas, including increased immune cell infiltration, proliferation rate and DNA damage. A minority of animals with CI developed pre-neoplastic lesions, but cancer was not observed in any TP53+/+ animals within 84 weeks. In contrast, all animals with CI-lacking TP53 developed various subtypes of PC, including acinar cell carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors, and all died within 65 weeks. No evidence of K-ras mutations was observed. Variations in the activity of the Hippo, pERK and c-Myc pathways were found in the diverse cancer subtypes. In summary, chronic inflammation is extremely inefficient at inducing PC in the presence of TP53. However, in the absence of TP53, CI leads to the development of several rare K-ras-independent forms of PC, with infrequent PDAC. This may help explain the rarity of PDAC in persons with chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Swidnicka-Siergiejko
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - S B Gomez-Chou
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z Cruz-Monserrate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - N Azizian
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Daniluk
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - W Lu
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of GI Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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The MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Confers Repair of Murine Pancreatic Acinar Cells following Acute and Chronic Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165485. [PMID: 27798657 PMCID: PMC5087859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinar cells represent the primary target in necroinflammatory diseases of the pancreas, including pancreatitis. The signaling pathways guiding acinar cell repair and regeneration following injury remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor/MET signaling as an intrinsic repair mechanism for acinar cells following acute damage and chronic alcohol-associated injury. Here, we generated mice with targeted deletion of MET in adult acinar cells (MET-/-). Acute and repetitive pancreatic injury was induced in MET-/- and control mice with cerulein, and chronic injury by feeding mice Lieber-DeCarli diets containing alcohol with or without enhancement of repetitive pancreatic injury. We examined the exocrine pancreas of these mice histologically for acinar death, edema, inflammation and collagen deposition and changes in the transcriptional program. We show that MET expression is relatively low in normal adult pancreas. However, MET levels were elevated in ductal and acinar cells in human pancreatitis specimens, consistent with a role for MET in an adaptive repair mechanism. We report that genetic deletion of MET in adult murine acinar cells was linked to increased acinar cell death, chronic inflammation and delayed recovery (regeneration) of pancreatic exocrine tissue. Notably, increased pancreatic collagen deposition was detected in MET knockout mice following repetitive injury as well alcohol-associated injury. Finally, we identified specific alterations of the pancreatic transcriptome associated with MET signaling during injury, involved in tissue repair, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Together, these data demonstrate the importance of MET signaling for acinar repair and regeneration, a novel finding that could attenuate the symptomology of pancreatic injury.
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Orabi AI, Wen L, Javed TA, Le T, Guo P, Sanker S, Ricks D, Boggs K, Eisses JF, Castro C, Xiao X, Prasadan K, Esni F, Gittes GK, Husain SZ. Targeted inhibition of pancreatic acinar cell calcineurin is a novel strategy to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 3:119-128. [PMID: 28090570 PMCID: PMC5235344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a pressing need to develop effective preventative therapies for post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). We demonstrated that early PEP events are induced through the calcium-activated phosphatase calcineurin and that global calcineurin deletion abolishes PEP in mice. A crucial question is whether acinar cell calcineurin controls the initiation of PEP in vivo. METHODS We used a mouse model of PEP and examined the effects of in vivo acinar cell-specific calcineurin deletion by either generating a conditional knockout line or infusing a novel AAV-Ela-iCre into the pancreatic duct of a calcineurin floxed line. RESULTS We found that PEP is dependent on acinar cell calcineurin in vivo, and this led us to determine that calcineurin inhibitors, infused within the radiocontrast, can largely prevent PEP. CONCLUSIONS These results provide impetus for launching clinical trials to test the efficacy of intraductal calcineurin inhibitors to prevent PEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrahim I. Orabi
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tanveer A. Javed
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tianming Le
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Subramaniam Sanker
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David Ricks
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristy Boggs
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John F. Eisses
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlos Castro
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Farzad Esni
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George K. Gittes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sohail Z. Husain
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Sohail Z. Husain, MD, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Rangos Research Center, 4401 Penn Avenue, Room 7123, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224. fax: (412) 692-8907.Children’s Hospital of PittsburghRangos Research Center4401 Penn Avenue, Room 7123PittsburghPennsylvania 15224
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Wang Y, Cao Y, Mangalam AK, Guo Y, LaFrance-Corey RG, Gamez JD, Atanga PA, Clarkson BD, Zhang Y, Wang E, Angom RS, Dutta K, Ji B, Pirko I, Lucchinetti CF, Howe CL, Mukhopadhyay D. Neuropilin-1 modulates interferon-γ-stimulated signaling in brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3911-3921. [PMID: 27591257 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.190702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response of blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells plays an important role in pathogenesis of many central nervous system inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis; however, the molecular mechanism mediating BBB endothelial cell inflammatory response remains unclear. In this study, we first observed that knockdown of neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a co-receptor of several structurally diverse ligands, suppressed interferon-γ (IFNγ)-induced C-X-C motif chemokine 10 expression and activation of STAT1 in brain microvascular endothelial cells in a Rac1-dependent manner. Moreover, endothelial-specific NRP1-knockout mice, VECadherin-Cre-ERT2/NRP1flox/flox mice, showed attenuated disease progression during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a mouse neuroinflammatory disease model. Detailed analysis utilizing histological staining, quantitative PCR, flow cytometry and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that deletion of endothelial NRP1 suppressed neuron demyelination, altered lymphocyte infiltration, preserved BBB function and decreased activation of the STAT1-CXCL10 pathway. Furthermore, increased expression of NRP1 was observed in endothelial cells of acute multiple sclerosis lesions. Our data identify a new molecular mechanism of brain microvascular endothelial inflammatory response through NRP1-IFNγ crosstalk that could be a potential target for intervention of endothelial cell dysfunction in neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Mangalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa city, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D Gamez
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Yuebo Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Kirthica Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Istvan Pirko
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Charles L Howe
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Ductal activation of oncogenic KRAS alone induces sarcomatoid phenotype. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13347. [PMID: 26289340 PMCID: PMC4642517 DOI: 10.1038/srep13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an uncommon, but aggressive malignant tumor with a high mortality rate. Herein, we reported the detection of somatic KRAS A146T and Q61H mutations in 2 out of 4 (50%) sarcomatoid SDC variants. Transgenic mice carrying the human oncogenic KRASG12V, which spatiotemporal activation by tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible Cre recombinase Ela-CreERT in the submandibular gland (SMG) ductal cells, was established and characterized. Visible carcinoma was detected as early as day-15 following oncogenic KRASG12V induction alone, and these tumors proliferate rapidly with a median survival of 28-days accompanied with histological reminiscences to human sarcomatoid SDC variants. Moreover, these tumors were resistant to cetuximab treatment despite augmented EGFR signaling, attesting its malignancy. Our findings suggest that LGL-KRasG12V;Ela-CreERT transgenic mice could serve as a useful preclinical model for investigating underlying mechanisms and developing potential therapies.
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Xiao X, Prasadan K, Guo P, El-Gohary Y, Fischbach S, Wiersch J, Gaffar I, Shiota C, Gittes GK. Pancreatic duct cells as a source of VEGF in mice. Diabetologia 2014; 57:991-1000. [PMID: 24535231 PMCID: PMC3986695 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential for proper pancreatic development, islet vascularisation and insulin secretion. In the adult pancreas, VEGF is thought to be predominantly secreted by beta cells. Although human duct cells have previously been shown to secrete VEGF at angiogenic levels in culture, an analysis of the kinetics of VEGF synthesis and secretion, as well as elucidation of an in vivo role for this ductal VEGF in affecting islet function and physiology, has been lacking. METHODS We analysed purified duct cells independently prepared by flow cytometry, surgical isolation or laser-capture microdissection. We infected duct cells in vivo with Vegf (also known as Vegfa) short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in an intrapancreatic ductal infusion system and examined the effect of VEGF knockdown in duct cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Pancreatic duct cells express high levels of Vegf mRNA. Compared with beta cells, duct cells had a much higher ratio of secreted to intracellular VEGF. As a bioassay, formation of tubular structures by human umbilical vein endothelial cells was essentially undetectable when cultured alone and was substantially increased when co-cultured with pancreatic duct cells but significantly reduced when co-cultured with duct cells pretreated with Vegf shRNA. Compared with islets transplanted alone, improved vascularisation and function was detected in the islets co-transplanted with duct cells but not in islets co-transplanted with duct cells pretreated with Vegf shRNA. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Human islet preparations for transplantation typically contain some contaminating duct cells and our findings suggest that the presence of duct cells in the islet preparation may improve transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Xiao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA,
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37
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Targeting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma acidic microenvironment. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4410. [PMID: 24642931 PMCID: PMC3958716 DOI: 10.1038/srep04410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the USA, accounting for ~40,000 deaths annually. The dismal prognosis for PDAC is largely due to its late diagnosis. Currently, the most sensitive diagnosis of PDAC requires invasive procedures, such as endoscopic ultrasonography, which has inherent risks and accuracy that is highly operator dependent. Here we took advantage of a general characteristic of solid tumors, the acidic microenvironment that is generated as a by-product of metabolism, to develop a novel approach of using pH (Low) Insertion Peptides (pHLIPs) for imaging of PDAC. We show that fluorescently labeled pHLIPs can localize and specifically detect PDAC in human xenografts as well as PDAC and PanIN lesions in genetically engineered mouse models. This novel approach may improve detection, differential diagnosis and staging of PDAC.
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38
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Philip B, Roland CL, Daniluk J, Liu Y, Chatterjee D, Gomez SB, Ji B, Huang H, Wang H, Fleming JB, Logsdon CD, Cruz-Monserrate Z. A high-fat diet activates oncogenic Kras and COX2 to induce development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:1449-58. [PMID: 23958541 PMCID: PMC3873752 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity is a risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but it is not clear how obesity contributes to pancreatic carcinogenesis. The oncogenic form of KRAS is expressed during early stages of PDAC development and is detected in almost all of these tumors. However, there is evidence that mutant KRAS requires an additional stimulus to activate its full oncogenic activity and that this stimulus involves the inflammatory response. We investigated whether the inflammation induced by a high-fat diet, and the accompanying up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), increases Kras activity during pancreatic carcinogenesis in mice. METHODS We studied mice with acinar cell-specific expression of KrasG12D (LSL-Kras/Ela-CreERT mice) alone or crossed with COX2 conditional knockout mice (COXKO/LSL-Kras/Ela-CreERT). We also studied LSL-Kras/PDX1-Cre mice. All mice were fed isocaloric diets with different amounts of fat, and a COX2 inhibitor was administered to some LSL-Kras/Ela-CreERT mice. Pancreata were collected from mice and analyzed for Kras activity, levels of phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase, inflammation, fibrosis, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), and PDACs. RESULTS Pancreatic tissues from LSL-Kras/Ela-CreERT mice fed high-fat diets (HFDs) had increased Kras activity, fibrotic stroma, and numbers of PanINs and PDACs than LSL-Kras/Ela-CreERT mice fed control diets; the mice fed the HFDs also had shorter survival times than mice fed control diets. Administration of a COX2 inhibitor to LSL-Kras/Ela-CreERT mice prevented these effects of HFDs. We also observed a significant reduction in survival times of mice fed HFDs. COXKO/LSL-Kras/Ela-CreERT mice fed HFDs had no evidence for increased numbers of PanIN lesions, inflammation, or fibrosis, as opposed to the increases observed in LSL-Kras/Ela-CreERT mice fed HFDs. CONCLUSIONS In mice, an HFD can activate oncogenic Kras via COX2, leading to pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis and development of PanINs and PDAC. This mechanism might be involved in the association between risk for PDAC and HFDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bincy Philip
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christina L. Roland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Daniluk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sobeyda B. Gomez
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Baoan Ji
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason B. Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Craig D. Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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39
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The zinc transporter Zip5 (Slc39a5) regulates intestinal zinc excretion and protects the pancreas against zinc toxicity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82149. [PMID: 24303081 PMCID: PMC3841122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ZIP5 localizes to the baso-lateral membranes of intestinal enterocytes and pancreatic acinar cells and is internalized and degraded coordinately in these cell-types during periods of dietary zinc deficiency. These cell-types are thought to control zinc excretion from the body. The baso-lateral localization and zinc-regulation of ZIP5 in these cells are unique among the 14 members of the Slc39a family and suggest that ZIP5 plays a role in zinc excretion. Methods/Principal Findings We created mice with floxed Zip5 genes and deleted this gene in the entire mouse or specifically in enterocytes or acinar cells and then examined the effects on zinc homeostasis. We found that ZIP5 is not essential for growth and viability but total knockout of ZIP5 led to increased zinc in the liver in mice fed a zinc-adequate (ZnA) diet but impaired accumulation of pancreatic zinc in mice fed a zinc-excess (ZnE) diet. Loss-of-function of enterocyte ZIP5, in contrast, led to increased pancreatic zinc in mice fed a ZnA diet and increased abundance of intestinal Zip4 mRNA. Finally, loss-of-function of acinar cell ZIP5 modestly reduced pancreatic zinc in mice fed a ZnA diet but did not impair zinc uptake as measured by the rapid accumulation of 67zinc. Retention of pancreatic 67zinc was impaired in these mice but the absence of pancreatic ZIP5 sensitized them to zinc-induced pancreatitis and exacerbated the formation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles containing secretory protein in acinar cells. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that ZIP5 participates in the control of zinc excretion in mice. Specifically, they reveal a paramount function of intestinal ZIP5 in zinc excretion but suggest a role for pancreatic ZIP5 in zinc accumulation/retention in acinar cells. ZIP5 functions in acinar cells to protect against zinc-induced acute pancreatitis and attenuate the process of zymophagy. This suggests that it may play a role in autophagy.
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40
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Xiao X, Guo P, Shiota C, Prasadan K, El-Gohary Y, Wiersch J, Gaffar I, Gittes GK. Neurogenin3 activation is not sufficient to direct duct-to-beta cell transdifferentiation in the adult pancreas. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25297-25308. [PMID: 23867457 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.484022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains controversial whether adult pancreatic ducts harbor facultative beta cell progenitors. Because neurogenin3 (Ngn3) is a key determinant of pancreatic endocrine cell neogenesis during embryogenesis, many studies have also relied upon Ngn3 expression as evidence of beta cell neogenesis in adults. Recently, however, Ngn3 as a marker of adult beta cell neogenesis has been called into question by reports of Ngn3 expression in fully-developed beta cells. Nevertheless, direct evidence as to whether Ngn3 activation in adult pancreatic duct cells may lead to duct-to-beta cell transdifferentiation is lacking. Here we studied two models of Ngn3 activation in adult pancreatic duct cells (low-dose alloxan treatment and pancreatic duct ligation) and lineage-traced Ngn3-activated duct cells by labeling them through intraductal infusion with a cell-tagging dye, CFDA-SE No dye-labeled beta cells were found during the follow-up in either model, suggesting that activation of Ngn3 in duct cells is not sufficient to direct their transdifferentiation into beta cells. Therefore, Ngn3 activation in duct cells is not a signature for adult beta cell neogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Xiao
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.
| | - Ping Guo
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Chiyo Shiota
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Yousef El-Gohary
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - John Wiersch
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Iljana Gaffar
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - George K Gittes
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.
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Abstract
Cre/LoxP has broad utility for studying the function, development, and oncogenic transformation of pancreatic cells in mice. Here we provide an overview of the Cre driver lines that are available for such studies. We discuss how variegated expression, transgene silencing, and recombination in undesired cell types have conspired to limit the performance of these lines, sometimes leading to serious experimental concerns. We also discuss preferred strategies for achieving high-fidelity driver lines and remind investigators of the continuing need for caution when interpreting results obtained from any Cre/LoxP-based experiment performed in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Magnuson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Huang H, Daniluk J, Liu Y, Chu J, Li Z, Ji B, Logsdon CD. Oncogenic K-Ras requires activation for enhanced activity. Oncogene 2013; 33:532-5. [PMID: 23334325 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic Ras mutations are widely considered to be locked in a permanent 'On' state and 'constitutively active'. Yet, many healthy people have cells possessing mutant Ras without apparent harm, and in animal models mutant Ras causes transformation only after upregulation of Ras activity. Here, we demonstrate that oncogenic K-Ras is not constitutively active but can be readily activated by upstream stimulants to lead to prolonged strong Ras activity. These data indicate that in addition to targeting K-Ras downstream effectors, interventions to reduce K-Ras activation may have important cancer-preventive value, especially in patients with oncogenic Ras mutations. As other small G proteins are regulated in a similar manner, this concept is likely to apply broadly to the entire Ras family of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Huang
- 1] Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Daniluk
- 1] Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C D Logsdon
- 1] Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Shyam K Sharan KB, Sharan SK. Manipulating the Mouse Genome Using Recombineering. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2013; 2. [PMID: 31404315 DOI: 10.4172/2169-0111.1000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models are indispensable for understanding the biological function of genes, understanding the genetic basis of human diseases and for preclinical testing of novel therapies. Generation of such mouse models has been possible because of our ability to manipulate the mouse genome. Recombineering is a highly efficient recombination-based method of genetic engineering that has revolutionized our ability to generate mouse models. Since recombineering technology is not dependent on the availability of restriction enzyme recognition sites, it allows us to modify the genome with great precision. It requires homology arms as short as 40 bases for recombination, which makes it relatively easy to generate targeting constructs to insert, change or delete either a single nucleotide or a DNA fragment several kb in size; insert selectable markers, reporter genes or add epitope tags to any gene of interest. In this review, we focus on the development of recombineering technology and its application in the generation of transgenic and knockout or knock-in mouse models. High throughput generation of gene targeting vectors, used to construct knockout alleles in mouse embryonic stem cells, is now feasible because of this technology. The challenge now is to use the "designer" mice to develop novel therapies to prevent, cure or effectively manage some the most debilitating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shyam K Sharan
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
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44
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Huang H, Liu Y, Daniluk J, Gaiser S, Chu J, Wang H, Logsdon C, Ji B, Ji B. Activation of nuclear factor-κB in acinar cells increases the severity of pancreatitis in mice. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:202-10. [PMID: 23041324 PMCID: PMC3769090 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is activated during early stages of pancreatitis. This transcription factor regulates genes that control many cell activities, including inflammation and survival. There is evidence that activation of NF-κB protects against pancreatitis, and, in other cases, that it promotes this disease. We compared the effects of NF-κB in different mouse models of pancreatitis to understand these complications. METHODS To model constitutive activation of NF-κB, we expressed a transgene that encodes its p65 subunit or the inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK)2 in pancreatic acinar cells of mice. We analyzed effects on pancreatic tissues and levels of NF-κB target genes in these mice and compared them with mice that did not express transgenic p65 or IKK2 (controls). RESULTS Transgenic expression of p65 led to compensatory expression of the inhibitory subunit IKB-α and, therefore, no clear phenotype. However, p65 transgenic mice given injections of cerulein, to induce acute pancreatitis, had higher levels of NF-κB activity in acinar cells, greater levels of inflammation, and more severe outcomes than control mice. In contrast, constitutive expression of IKK2 directly increased the activity of NF-κB in acinar cells and induced pancreatitis. Prolonged activity of IKK2 (3 months) resulted in activation of stellate cells, loss of acinar cells, and fibrosis, which are characteristics of chronic pancreatitis. Co-expression of IKK2 and p65 greatly increased the expression of inflammatory mediators and the severity of pancreatitis, compared with control mice. CONCLUSIONS The level of NF-κB activation correlates with the severity of acute pancreatitis in mice. Longer periods of activation (3 months) lead to chronic pancreatitis. These findings indicate that strategies to inactivate NF-κB might be used to treat patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jaroslaw Daniluk
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gaiser
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jun Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Craig Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Corresponding Authors: Craig D. Logsdon, Ph.D., Departments of Cancer Biology and Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 953, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, Phone: 713 563-3585, Fax: 713 563-8986, , Baoan Ji, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, Phone: 507-293-1274, Fax: 507-293-1058, ji.baoan@ mayo.edu
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Corresponding Authors: Craig D. Logsdon, Ph.D., Departments of Cancer Biology and Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 953, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, Phone: 713 563-3585, Fax: 713 563-8986, , Baoan Ji, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, Phone: 507-293-1274, Fax: 507-293-1058, ji.baoan@ mayo.edu
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Daniluk J, Liu Y, Deng D, Chu J, Huang H, Gaiser S, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Wang H, Ji B, Logsdon CD. An NF-κB pathway-mediated positive feedback loop amplifies Ras activity to pathological levels in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1519-28. [PMID: 22406536 DOI: 10.1172/jci59743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations that give rise to active mutant forms of Ras are oncogenic and found in several types of tumor. However, such mutations are not clear biomarkers for disease, since they are frequently detected in healthy individuals. Instead, it has become clear that elevated levels of Ras activity are critical for Ras-induced tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the production of pathological levels of Ras activity are unclear. Here, we show that in the presence of oncogenic Ras, inflammatory stimuli initiate a positive feedback loop involving NF-κB that further amplifies Ras activity to pathological levels. Stimulation of Ras signaling by typical inflammatory stimuli was transient and had no long-term sequelae in wild-type mice. In contrast, these stimuli generated prolonged Ras signaling and led to chronic inflammation and precancerous pancreatic lesions (PanINs) in mice expressing physiological levels of oncogenic K-Ras. These effects of inflammatory stimuli were disrupted by deletion of inhibitor of NF-κB kinase 2 (IKK2) or inhibition of Cox-2. Likewise, expression of active IKK2 or Cox-2 or treatment with LPS generated chronic inflammation and PanINs only in mice expressing oncogenic K-Ras. The data support the hypothesis that in the presence of oncogenic Ras, inflammatory stimuli trigger an NF-κB-mediated positive feedback mechanism involving Cox-2 that amplifies Ras activity to pathological levels. Because a large proportion of the adult human population possesses Ras mutations in tissues including colon, pancreas, and lung, disruption of this positive feedback loop may be an important strategy for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Daniluk
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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CRISCIMANNA ANGELA, SPEICHER JULIEA, HOUSHMAND GOLBAHAR, SHIOTA CHIYO, PRASADAN KRISHNA, Ji BAOAN, LOGSDON CRAIGD, GITTES GEORGEK, ESNI FARZAD. Duct cells contribute to regeneration of endocrine and acinar cells following pancreatic damage in adult mice. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1451-62, 1462.e1-6. [PMID: 21763240 PMCID: PMC4326039 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There have been conflicting results on a cell of origin in pancreatic regeneration. These discrepancies predominantly stem from lack of specific markers for the pancreatic precursors/stem cells, as well as differences in the targeted cells and severity of tissue injury in the experimental models so far proposed. We attempted to create a model that used diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) to ablate specific cell populations, control the extent of injury, and avoid induction of the inflammatory response. METHODS To target specific types of pancreatic cells, we crossed R26DTR or R26DTR/lacZ mice with transgenic mice that express the Cre recombinase in the pancreas, under control of the Pdx1 (global pancreatic) or elastase (acinar-specific) promoters. RESULTS Exposure of PdxCre;R26DTR mice to diphtheria toxin resulted in extensive ablation of acinar and endocrine tissues but not ductal cells. Surviving cells within the ductal compartment contributed to regeneration of endocrine and acinar cells via recapitulation of the embryonic pancreatic developmental program. However, following selective ablation of acinar tissue in ElaCreERT2;R26DTR mice, regeneration likely occurred by reprogramming of ductal cells to acinar lineage. CONCLUSIONS In the pancreas of adult mice, epithelial cells within the ductal compartment contribute to regeneration of endocrine and acinar cells. The severity of injury determines the regenerative mechanisms and cell types that contribute to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- ANGELA CRISCIMANNA
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - JULIE A. SPEICHER
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - GOLBAHAR HOUSHMAND
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - CHIYO SHIOTA
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - KRISHNA PRASADAN
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - BAOAN Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - CRAIG D. LOGSDON
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - GEORGE K. GITTES
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - FARZAD ESNI
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Gaiser S, Daniluk J, Liu Y, Tsou L, Chu J, Lee W, Longnecker DS, Logsdon CD, Ji B. Intracellular activation of trypsinogen in transgenic mice induces acute but not chronic pancreatitis. Gut 2011; 60:1379-88. [PMID: 21471572 PMCID: PMC4304390 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2010.226175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Premature intra-acinar activation of trypsinogen is widely considered key for both the initiation of acute pancreatitis and the development of chronic pancreatitis. However, the biological consequences of intracellular trypsinogen activation have not been directly examined. To do so, a new mouse model was developed. METHODS Mice were engineered to conditionally express an endogenously activated trypsinogen within pancreatic acinar cells (PACE-tryp(on)). Hallmarks of pancreatitis were determined and findings were correlated to the level (zygosity) and extent (temporal and spatial) of conditional PACE-tryp(on) expression. Furthermore, the impact of acinar cell death in PACE-tryp(on) mice was assessed and compared with a model of selective diphtheria toxin (DT)-mediated induction of acinar apoptosis. RESULTS Initiation of acute pancreatitis was observed with high (homozygous), but not low (heterozygous) levels of PACE-tryp(on) expression. Subtotal (maximal-rapid induction) but not limited (gradual-repetitive induction) conditional PACE-tryp(on) expression was associated with systemic complications and mortality. Rapid caspase-3 activation and apoptosis with delayed necrosis was observed, and loss of acinar cells led to replacement with fatty tissue. Chronic inflammation or fibrosis did not develop. Selective depletion of pancreatic acinar cells by apoptosis using DT evoked similar consequences. CONCLUSIONS Intra-acinar activation of trypsinogen is sufficient to initiate acute pancreatitis. However, the primary response to intracellular trypsin activity is rapid induction of acinar cell death via apoptosis which facilitates resolution of the acute inflammation rather than causing chronic pancreatitis. This novel model provides a powerful tool to improve our understanding of basic mechanisms occurring during pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gaiser
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Daniluk
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lilian Tsou
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Woojin Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel S Longnecker
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Abstract
Inducible transgenic mouse models allow for the activation of genes in specific cells and tissues at specific times. Expression levels are dependent on the dose of the agent administered. Effective experimental models are characterized by low background levels of the regulated gene and induction to high levels with sub-physiological levels of inducing agents. The most commonly used methods to control gene expression in mouse models are based on the tet-operon/repressor bi-transgenic system and the estrogen receptor (ER) ligand-binding domain. Less commonly used systems to control gene expression in transgenic mice take advantage of the ligand-binding domain of the progesterone receptor, and the lac and GAL4 inducible systems. The tetracycline-regulated transgenic models are typically designed to activate the expression of the gene of interest in a specific cell type at a specific point in time. The ER is most commonly fused with Cre recombinase, although it can be used with transcription factors, kinases, etc., that are active in the nucleus. Cre-ER transgenes allow for the induction of recombinase activity in specific cells at defined time points. Cre recombinase is most often found in combination with conditional alleles to inactivate gene expression. When used for gene activation, Cre removes stop cassettes from transgenes and thus allows the expression of reporter or other molecules. Thus, the tetracycline-regulated and Cre-ER systems are complementary in mouse models, with utility in the cell-specific activation and inactivation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Saunders
- Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Gurda GT, Crozier SJ, Ji B, Ernst SA, Logsdon CD, Rothermel BA, Williams JA. Regulator of calcineurin 1 controls growth plasticity of adult pancreas. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:609-19, 619.e1-6. [PMID: 20438729 PMCID: PMC2929702 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Growth of exocrine pancreas is regulated by gastrointestinal hormones, notably cholecystokinin (CCK). CCK-driven pancreatic growth requires calcineurin (CN), which activates Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFATs), but the genetic underpinnings and feedback mechanisms that regulate this response are not known. METHODS Pancreatic growth was stimulated by protease inhibitor (PI)-containing chow, which induces secretion of endogenous CCK. Expression profiling of PI stimulation was performed on Affymetrix 430A chips, and CN was inhibited via FK506. Exocrine pancreas-specific overexpression of CN inhibitor Regulator of Calcineurin 1 (Rcan1) was achieved by breeding elastase-Cre(estrogen receptor [ER]) transgenics with "flox-on" Rcan1 mice. RESULTS CN inhibitor FK506 blocked expression of 38 genes, as confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The CN-dependent genes were linked to growth-related processes, whereas their promoters were enriched in NFAT and NFAT/AP1 sites. Multiple NFAT targets, including Rcan1, Rgs2, HB-EGF, Lif, and Gem, were validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. One of these, a CN feedback inhibitor Rcan1, was induced >50 fold during 1-8 hours course of pancreatic growth and strongly inhibited (>99%) by FK506. To examine its role in pancreatic growth, we overexpressed Rcan1 in an inducible, acinar-specific fashion. Rcan1 overexpression inhibited CN-NFAT signaling, as shown using an NFAT-luciferase reporter and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Most importantly, the increase in exocrine pancreas size, protein/DNA content, and acinar proliferation were all blocked in Rcan1 overexpressing mice. CONCLUSIONS We profile adaptive pancreatic growth, identify Rcan1 as an important new feedback regulator, and firmly establish that CN-NFAT signaling is required for this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz T. Gurda
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0622
| | - Stephen J. Crozier
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0622
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Stephen A. Ernst
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0622
| | - Craig D. Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Beverly A. Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - John A. Williams
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0622, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0622
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Orabi AI, Shah AU, Ahmad MU, Choo-Wing R, Parness J, Jain D, Bhandari V, Husain SZ. Dantrolene mitigates caerulein-induced pancreatitis in vivo in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G196-204. [PMID: 20448143 PMCID: PMC2904115 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00498.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a painful, inflammatory disorder for which adequate treatments are lacking. An early, critical step in its development is the aberrant signaling of Ca(2+) within the pancreatic acinar cell. This Ca(2+) release is modulated by the intracellular Ca(2+) channel the ryanodine receptor (RYR). We have previously shown that RYR inhibition reduces pathological intra-acinar protease activation, an early marker of pancreatitis. In this study, we examined whether pretreatment with the RYR inhibitor dantrolene attenuates the severity of caerulein-induced pancreatitis in mice. Immunofluorescent labeling for RYR from mouse pancreatic sections showed localization to the basolateral region of the acinar cell. After 1 h of caerulein hyperstimulation in vivo, dantrolene 1) reduced pancreatic trypsin activity by 59% (P < 0.05) and 2) mitigated early ultrastructural derangements within the acinar cell. Eight hours after pancreatitis induction, dantrolene reduced pancreatic trypsin activity and serum amylase by 61 and 32%, respectively (P < 0.05). At this later time point, overall histological severity of pancreatitis was reduced by 63% with dantrolene pretreatment (P < 0.05). TUNEL-positive cells were reduced by 58% (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the RYR plays an important role in mediating early acinar cell events during in vivo pancreatitis and contributes to disease severity. Blockade of Ca(2+) signals and particularly RYR-Ca(2+) may be useful as prophylactic treatment for this disease in high-risk settings for pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jerome Parness
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dhanpat Jain
- 3Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
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