1
|
Smalley Z, Livanou M, Dalton B, Patsalos O, Wilks J, Keeler JL, Treasure J, Schmidt U, Hill G, Himmerich H. Exploring Alcohol-Related Behaviours in an Adult Sample with Anorexia Nervosa and Those in Recovery. Nutrients 2024; 16:732. [PMID: 38474860 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
While individuals with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED) often present with a higher rate of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) than the general population, it is unclear whether this extends to AN. This cross-sectional study examined differences in alcohol-related behaviours, measured using the Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT), between AN participants (n = 58), recovered AN (rec-AN) participants (n = 25), and healthy controls (n = 57). Statistical models controlled for age and ethnicity. The relationship between alcohol-related behaviours with ED psychopathology and with depression was also assessed. The findings indicated that acute AN participants were not at greater risk of AUD than healthy controls. However, rec-AN participants displayed greater total audit scores than those with acute AN, and more alcohol-related behaviours than healthy controls. Acute AN participants consumed significantly less alcohol than both the healthy control group and rec-AN group. No associations were found between ED psychopathology and alcohol-related behaviours in the AN group or rec-AN. This highlights alcohol as a potential coping mechanism following AN recovery. Clinicians should consider assessments for AUD and targeted interventions aimed at encouraging healthy coping mechanisms in this group. Future studies should look at alcohol use as a moderating factor for AN recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zara Smalley
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Maria Livanou
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Bethan Dalton
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Olivia Patsalos
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jessica Wilks
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Johanna Louise Keeler
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BC, UK
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BC, UK
| | - Grace Hill
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BC, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qi B, Thornton LM, Breiner CE, Kuja-Halkola R, Baker JH, Lichtenstein P, Lundström S, Agrawal A, Bulik CM, Munn-Chernoff MA. Differential genetic associations between dimensions of eating disorders and alcohol involvement in late adolescent twins. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1677-1689. [PMID: 38051153 PMCID: PMC10699207 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twin studies have demonstrated shared genetic and environmental effects between eating disorders and alcohol involvement in adults and middle adolescents. However, fewer studies have focused on late adolescents or investigated a wide range of eating disorder dimensions and alcohol involvement subscales in both sexes. We examined genetic and environmental correlations among three eating disorder dimensions and two alcohol involvement subscale scores in late adolescent twins using bivariate twin models. METHODS Participants were 3568 female and 2526 male same-sex twins aged 18 years old from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. The Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI) assessed the drive for thinness, bulimia, and body dissatisfaction. Alcohol involvement was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test consumption (AUDIT-C) and problem (AUDIT-P) subscales. RESULTS Only phenotypic and twin correlations in female twins met our threshold for twin modeling. The proportion of total variance for each trait accounted for by additive genetic factors ranged from 0.50 to 0.64 in female twins, with the rest explained by nonshared environmental factors and measurement error. Shared environmental factors played a minimal role in the variance of each trait. The strongest genetic correlation (ra ) emerged between EDI bulimia and AUDIT-P (ra = 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.37, 0.55), indicating that the proportion of genetic variance of one trait that was shared with the other trait was 0.21. Nonshared environmental correlations between eating disorder dimensions and alcohol involvement ranged from 0.03 to 0.13. CONCLUSIONS We observed distinct patterns of genetic and environmental effects for co-occurring eating disorder dimensions and alcohol involvement in female vs. male twins, supporting sex-specific treatment strategies for late adolescents with comorbid eating disorders and alcohol use disorder. Our findings emphasize the importance of assessing family history of multiple eating disorder dimensions while treating late adolescents with problematic alcohol use, and vice versa, to improve detection and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Courtney E. Breiner
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Merino D, Gérard AO, Destere A, Askenazy F, Dor E, Benoit M, Cherikh F, Drici MD. Iatrogenic triggers for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A WHO safety database disproportionality analysis. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115415. [PMID: 37611327 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders, characterized by abnormal eating, weight control behaviors or both include anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). We investigated their potential iatrogenic triggers, using real-world data from the WHO safety database (VigiBase®). VigiBase® was queried for all AN and BN reports. The reports were classified as `pediatric' or `adult' according to age. Disproportionality analyses relied on the Information Component (IC), in which a 95% confidence interval lower-end positivity was required to suspect a signal. Our queries yielded 309 AN and 499 BN reports. Isotretinoin was disproportionately reported in pediatric AN (IC 3.6; [2.6-4.3]), adult AN (IC 3.1; [1.7-4.0]), and pediatric BN (IC 3.9; [3.0-4.7]). Lamivudine (IC 4.2; [3.2-4.9]), nevirapine (IC 3.7; [2.6-4.6]), and zidovudine (IC 3.4; [2.0-4.3]) had the highest ICs in adult AN. AN was associated with isotretinoin, anticonvulsants in minors, and antiretroviral drugs in adults. In adults, BN was related to psychotropic and hormonally active drugs. Before treatment initiation, an anamnesis should seek out mental health conditions, allowing the identification of patients at risk of developing or relapsing into AN or BN. In addition to misuse, the hypothesis of iatrogenic triggers for AN and BN should also be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Merino
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center of Nice, University Hospital Center of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Alexandre Olivier Gérard
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center of Nice, University Hospital Center of Nice, Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur Laboratory of Molecular Physio Medicine (LP2M), UMR 7370, CNRS, Nice, France
| | - Alexandre Destere
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center of Nice, University Hospital Center of Nice, Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, CNRS, Laboratoire J.A. Dieudonné, Maasai team, Nice, France
| | - Florence Askenazy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospitals of Nice, CHU-Lenval Nice, France; CoBTek Laboratory, Université Côte d'Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Emmanuelle Dor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospitals of Nice, CHU-Lenval Nice, France; CoBTek Laboratory, Université Côte d'Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Michel Benoit
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Faredj Cherikh
- Department of Addiction, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Milou-Daniel Drici
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center of Nice, University Hospital Center of Nice, Nice, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hambleton A, Pepin G, Le A, Maloney D, Touyz S, Maguire S. Psychiatric and medical comorbidities of eating disorders: findings from a rapid review of the literature. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:132. [PMID: 36064606 PMCID: PMC9442924 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders (EDs) are potentially severe, complex, and life-threatening illnesses. The mortality rate of EDs is significantly elevated compared to other psychiatric conditions, primarily due to medical complications and suicide. The current rapid review aimed to summarise the literature and identify gaps in knowledge relating to any psychiatric and medical comorbidities of eating disorders. METHODS This paper forms part of a rapid review) series scoping the evidence base for the field of EDs, conducted to inform the Australian National Eating Disorders Research and Translation Strategy 2021-2031, funded and released by the Australian Government. ScienceDirect, PubMed and Ovid/Medline were searched for English-language studies focused on the psychiatric and medical comorbidities of EDs, published between 2009 and 2021. High-level evidence such as meta-analyses, large population studies and Randomised Control Trials were prioritised. RESULTS A total of 202 studies were included in this review, with 58% pertaining to psychiatric comorbidities and 42% to medical comorbidities. For EDs in general, the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities were anxiety (up to 62%), mood (up to 54%) and substance use and post-traumatic stress disorders (similar comorbidity rates up to 27%). The review also noted associations between specific EDs and non-suicidal self-injury, personality disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders. EDs were complicated by medical comorbidities across the neuroendocrine, skeletal, nutritional, gastrointestinal, dental, and reproductive systems. Medical comorbidities can precede, occur alongside or emerge as a complication of the ED. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a thorough overview of the comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions co-occurring with EDs. High psychiatric and medical comorbidity rates were observed in people with EDs, with comorbidities contributing to increased ED symptom severity, maintenance of some ED behaviours, and poorer functioning as well as treatment outcomes. Early identification and management of psychiatric and medical comorbidities in people with an ED may improve response to treatment and overall outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlea Hambleton
- InsideOut Institute, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Genevieve Pepin
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Anvi Le
- Healthcare Management Advisors, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle Maloney
- InsideOut Institute, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Stephen Touyz
- InsideOut Institute, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Maguire
- InsideOut Institute, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guleken Z, Uzbay T. Neurobiological and neuropharmacological aspects of food addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104760. [PMID: 35780976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to draw attention to current studies on syndromes related to food eating behavior, including food addiction, and to highlight the neurobiological and neuropharmacological aspects of food addiction toward the development of new therapies. Food addiction and eating disorders are influenced by several neurobiological factors. Changes in feeding behavior, food addiction, and its pharmacological therapy are related to complex neurobiological processes in the brain. Thus, it is not surprising that there is inconsistency among various individual studies. In this review, we assessed literature including both experimental and clinical studies regarding food addiction as a feeding disorder. We selected articles from animal studies, randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, narrative, and systemic reviews given that, crucial quantitative data with a measure of neurobiological, neuropharmacological aspects and current therapies of food addiction as an outcome. Thus, the main goal to outline here is to investigate and discuss the association between the brain reward system and feeding behavior in the frame of food addiction in the light of current literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zozan Guleken
- Uskudar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Uzbay
- Uskudar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, İstanbul, Turkey; Üsküdar University, Neuropsychopharmacology Application, and Research Center (NPARC), İstanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eating disorders and subsequent risk of substance use disorders involving illicit drugs: a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:695-708. [PMID: 34985528 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE No study has investigated the ongoing risk of substance use disorders involving illicit drugs (ISUD) after first eating disorder (ED) and whether the pattern of risk differs according to types of ED and ISUD. Therefore, we aimed to longitudinally assess the risk of a subsequent diagnosis of any ISUD (pooled category) and specific ISUD after a first-time diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or unspecified ED (USED). METHODS A retrospective cohort study using data from Danish nationwide registers identified 20,759 ED patients and 83,038 matched controls (1:4 ratio). Risk of any ISUD diagnosis after first ED diagnosis was estimated by generating hazard ratios (HR). Logistic regression was applied to assess associations between each ED and specific ISUD. RESULTS Patients with AN, BN, and USED (without a prior ISUD diagnosis) exhibited an increased relative risk of a subsequent diagnosis of any ISUD compared with respective controls, and the elevated risk persisted over 10 years (AN, adjusted HRs ranging from 1.60 [99% CI 1.15-2.24] to 5.16 [3.14-8.47]; BN, 2.35 [1.46-3.79] to 14.24 [6.88-29.47]; USED, 2.86 [1.35-3.79] to 8.56 [3.31-29.47]). The highest estimates were observed during the first year of follow-up. Each ED type was associated with an increased likelihood of all types of ISUD. AN and USED were most strongly associated with sedatives/hypnotics, BN with other illegal substances (e.g., ecstasy and hallucinogens). CONCLUSIONS ED patients have a considerable risk for subsequent ISUD. Prevention efforts and treatment targeting ISUD are likely required to improve ED treatment prognosis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Letranchant A, Nicolas I, Corcos M. Anorexia nervosa, fertility and medically assisted reproduction. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2022; 83:191-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Oberle CD, Marcell HS, Noebel NA. Orthorexia nervosa and substance use for the purposes of weight control, conformity, and emotional coping. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:553-561. [PMID: 33866529 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Orthorexia nervosa (ON), characterized by extreme behaviors driven by the goal of eating only healthy and pure foods, could plausibly be associated with avoidance of nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drugs. However, findings from the limited research on these relationships are mixed, and other eating disorders are associated with greater substance abuse. METHOD An online survey was completed by 471 participants (86% women, mean age = 20) recruited from undergraduate courses and through an Instagram advertisement. The questionnaires assessed ON symptomatology; frequency of smoking, alcohol consumption, and illicit drug use; abuse of these substances; and motivations for using these substances. RESULTS ON scores were not significantly related to the level of use or abuse of nicotine, alcohol, or most illicit drugs. Yet, ON scores were positively correlated with frequency of using illicit depressant drugs. Further, among substance users, ON scores were positively associated with smoking or vaping for the purpose of weight control, and with consuming alcohol and using illicit drugs for the purposes of conformity and coping with such negative emotions as anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION Although people who are high in ON symptomatology may be at least partly driven by a strong desire to be as healthy as possible, they are not less likely to use potentially harmful drugs. Instead, many of them may even turn to certain drugs for the same weight control and emotional-coping motives that guide the behaviors of individuals with other eating disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal D Oberle
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
| | - Haley S Marcell
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Natalie A Noebel
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mellentin AI, Skøt L, Guala MM, Støving RK, Ascone L, Stenager E, Mejldal A. Does receiving an eating disorder diagnosis increase the risk of a subsequent alcohol use disorder? A Danish nationwide register-based cohort study. Addiction 2022; 117:354-367. [PMID: 34251067 DOI: 10.1111/add.15639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM No large-scale, longitudinal clinical study has examined whether patients with different types of eating disorders (ED) have an increased risk of a subsequent alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study aimed to assess the ongoing risk of receiving a diagnosis of AUD following a first-time diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or unspecified ED (USED). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Danish nationwide registries, January 1994 to December 2018. PARTICIPANTS A total of 20 759 ED patients and 83 036 controls were followed from the date of first ED diagnosis (index date) until the date of first AUD diagnosis, death, emigration, or the end of the study. Controls were selected in a 1:4 ratio and matched on month and year of birth, gender and ethnicity. MEASUREMENTS We obtained data on ED (AN, BN, USED; exposure) and AUD (abuse/dependence; outcome) diagnoses as well as sociodemographics and other psychiatric diagnoses. Time to AUD was generated from the index date. Risk of AUD after the index date was assessed among those without a prior AUD diagnosis while adjusting for sociodemographics and prior psychiatric diagnoses. FINDINGS Compared with controls, an increased relative risk of AUD after the index date was observed in AN patients throughout the study lasting 15 + years (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] ranging from 2.49 [99% CI = 1.46, 4.25] to 6.83 [2.84, 16.41]), in BN patients during the first year of follow-up and from 2 years onward (2.72 [1.66, 4.44] to 17.44 [6.01, 50.63]), and in USED patients during the first year and 2-15 years of follow-up (2.52 [1.54, 4.14] to 14.17 [5.86, 34.27]). In all three groups, estimates were highest during the first year, particularly among BN patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or unspecified eating disorders appear to have an increased ongoing risk of receiving a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder following their first eating disorder diagnosis compared with controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Isabella Mellentin
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.,Research Unit for Telepsychiatry and E-Mental Health, Center for Telepsychiatry, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.,Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lotte Skøt
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Mercedes Guala
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.,Center for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - René Klinkby Støving
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.,Center for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Research Unit for Medical Endocrinology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of South Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Leonie Ascone
- Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elsebeth Stenager
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Anna Mejldal
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miranda-Olivos R, Agüera Z, Granero R, Vergeer RR, Dieguez C, Jiménez-Murcia S, Gearhardt AN, Fernández-Aranda F. Food addiction and lifetime alcohol and illicit drugs use in specific eating disorders. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:102-115. [PMID: 35029544 PMCID: PMC9109624 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Food addiction (FA) and substance use (SU) have frequently been reported in patients with eating disorders (EDs). Our study aimed to assess the prevalence rates of FA and/or lifetime problematic alcohol and illicit drug use among patients with specific ED, such as: bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED). We sought to identify clinical, psychopathological, and personality profiles involved in these addictive behavior-based phenotypes. METHODS The total sample was 527 patients (176 BN, 115 BED, and 236 OSFED). FA was assessed through the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. To determine lifetime SU, a semi-structured clinical interview was carried out. RESULTS Patients with BN had the highest rates of FA both with and without SU. No gender differences were obtained for the prevalence of current FA and/or lifetime SU. Patients reporting at least one addictive-related behavior exhibited increased clinical severity compared to those who reported none. Increased impulsivity (such as high lack of premeditation, sensation seeking, and positive urgency) and low self-directedness were differentiating factors for presenting one or two addictive behaviors. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Overall, patients presenting with at least one addictive-like behavior reported a poorer clinical status than those without. Also, patients with FA and SU exhibited a more dysfunctional profile characterized by high impulsivity and low self-directedness. These findings would support the need for targeted treatments to reduce impulsivity and increase self-directedness, especially in patients with any addictive-related behavior, as a step towards improving their treatment outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Miranda-Olivos
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rhianna R. Vergeer
- Laboratory on Human Psychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Department of Physiology (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Letranchant A, Montebello YKD, Bigre CDL, Wagner A, Curt F, Silva J, Nicolas I, Votadoro P, Kalindjian N, Korchonnoff A, Gutierre A, Novelli AB, Pham-Scottez A, Corcos M. The ACAMTO study-impact of add-on osteopathic treatment on adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:839. [PMID: 34819116 PMCID: PMC8611636 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) mainly affects women (sex ratio 1/10) and most often starts during adolescence. The prognosis of AN remains poor (10% of deaths and high risk of chronicity). Body dissatisfaction, disturbances in recognition and identification of body sensations are some of the key symptoms of AN. However, there is a contrast between this consensual observation of body image disorders in AN, and the relative deficit of specifically targeted body treatments. Our proposal for a body approach specifically dedicated to AN is based on the understanding that posture, breathing, muscle tension and body perception are closely linked to our psychological and emotional state and are therefore disturbed in patients with AN. The purpose of this monocentric randomized controlled trial is to evaluate if a targeted osteopathic protocol treatment for AN in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) is significantly more effective than TAU alone. Methods In total, 72 patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: one receiving the specific osteopathic treatment targeted for AN in addition to the TAU (group A) and the other one, receiving TAU only (group B). The patients in group A will receive 5 30-min osteopathic treatment sessions. Soft specific palpatory techniques on the diaphragm, digestive system and cervical region will be performed. The TAU is defined by the multidisciplinary approach recommended by the French health high authority. The primary outcome is the evaluation of interoceptive sensibility and secondary outcomes include clinical and psychopathology-related symptoms with assessment of somatic dysfunctions’ evolution. A qualitative study will also be carried out, applying the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis method. Patients will be included for a maximum of 14 weeks between the inclusion time and the last evaluation. Discussion If the results of the study are positive (statistically significant efficacy of this osteopathic treatment protocol), the study will provide arguments in favor of osteopathic sessions as a possible non-invasive additional treatment option in the multidisciplinary care approach for patients with AN. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04666415, Release Date: December 11, 2020; N° ID-RCB: 2019-A02613-54. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05810-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Letranchant
- Adolescent and Young adult psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France.
| | | | - Corinne Dugré-Le Bigre
- Adolescent and Young adult psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Wagner
- Department of Research, CEESO, 175 Boulevard Anatole France, 93200, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Florence Curt
- Adolescent and Young adult psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Silva
- Adolescent and Young adult psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Nicolas
- Adolescent and Young adult psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Votadoro
- Adolescent and Young adult psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Nina Kalindjian
- Adolescent and Young adult psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Anna Korchonnoff
- Adolescent and Young adult psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Andréa Gutierre
- Adolescent and Young adult psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ana Beatriz Novelli
- Adolescent and Young adult psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France.,Doctoral school « Recherches en psychanalyse et psychopathologie (ED 450) », Paris University, Paris, France
| | | | - Maurice Corcos
- Adolescent and Young adult psychiatry Unit, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Enabled by advances in high throughput genomic sequencing and an unprecedented level of global data sharing, molecular genetic research is beginning to unlock the biological basis of eating disorders. This invited review provides an overview of genetic discoveries in eating disorders in the genome-wide era. To date, five genome-wide association studies on eating disorders have been conducted - all on anorexia nervosa (AN). For AN, several risk loci have been detected, and ~11-17% of the heritability has been accounted for by common genetic variants. There is extensive genetic overlap between AN and psychological traits, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder, and intriguingly, with metabolic phenotypes even after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) risk variants. Furthermore, genetic risk variants predisposing to lower BMI may be causal risk factors for AN. Causal genes and biological pathways of eating disorders have yet to be elucidated and will require greater sample sizes and statistical power, and functional follow-up studies. Several studies are underway to recruit individuals with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder to enable further genome-wide studies. Data collections and research labs focused on the genetics of eating disorders have joined together in a global effort with the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Molecular genetics research in the genome-wide era is improving knowledge about the biology behind the established heritability of eating disorders. This has the potential to offer new hope for understanding eating disorder etiology and for overcoming the therapeutic challenges that confront the eating disorder field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunna J. Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Alish B. Palmos
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avina Hunjan
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Helena L. Davies
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Romano KA, Stamates A, Heron KE, Braitman AL, Lau-Barraco C. Sex and Racial Differences in Patterns of Disordered Eating and Alcohol Use. Behav Med 2021; 47:272-284. [PMID: 32275196 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2020.1748862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine how young adults' use of disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) and alcohol uniquely cluster with one another, how these clusters differ by sex and race, and map onto health-related correlates. As a part of a cross-sectional study assessing college student health and experiences, female (n = 1,026), male (n = 336), White (n = 640), and Black (n = 561) young adult college students at three universities (Mage = 20.54, SD = 1.80) completed measures assessing DEBs and alcohol use, and physical and mental health. Multigroup mixture modeling was used to identify subgroups of female, male, White, and Black young adults that are characterized by different levels of DEBs (fasting, food avoidance, loss of control eating, overeating) and alcohol use (binge drinking, drinking quantity). Whether group membership relates to theoretically and clinically relevant health correlates (stress, depressive symptoms, sleep health) was examined via auxiliary analyses. Qualitative and quantitative differences were identified in the best-fitting mixture models for female (four groups), male (four groups), White (five groups), and Black (three groups) participants that suggest sex and racial variations exist in patterns of DEBs and alcohol use severity. Generally, classification in groups characterized by moderate to high probabilities of DEBs only, or the combination of moderate to high DEBs and alcohol use, was associated with worse affective concerns across sexes and races. Targeting young adults' DEBs and alcohol use via diversity-informed treatments focused on coping skill development may help promote health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Romano
- Psychology, The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
| | - Amy Stamates
- Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Kristin E Heron
- Psychology, The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology.,Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Abby L Braitman
- Psychology, The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology.,Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Cathy Lau-Barraco
- Psychology, The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology.,Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schaefer LM, Hazzard VM, Smith KE, Johnson CA, Cao L, Crosby RD, Peterson CB, Crow SJ, Bardone-Cone AM, Joiner TE, Le Grange D, Klein MH, Mitchell JE, Wonderlich SA. Examining the roles of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity in the relationship between psychological trauma and substance abuse among women with bulimic-spectrum pathology. Eat Disord 2021; 29:276-291. [PMID: 33724903 PMCID: PMC8373646 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2021.1891370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with bulimia nervosa report elevated rates of childhood maltreatment, which appears to increase risk for co-occurring substance use problems and negatively impact clinical course. The current study sought to examine the mechanistic pathways by which specific forms of childhood maltreatment may give rise to substance use problems among individuals with bulimic-spectrum pathology. Women with bulimic-spectrum disorders (N = 204) completed measures of childhood trauma, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and substance use. Path analysis was used to examine emotion dysregulation and impulsivity as mediators of the relationship between distinct forms of childhood trauma (physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse) and the presence of problematic alcohol/drug use. In the full path model, significant pathways from childhood emotional abuse to emotion dysregulation, childhood emotional neglect to impulsivity, and emotion dysregulation to problematic substance use emerged. Further, emotion dysregulation significantly mediated the relationship between emotional abuse and substance use. Results indicate that emotion dysregulation may be an important mechanism linking a history of childhood emotional maltreatment to later eating and substance use problems, and therefore may be an important treatment target among individuals with co-occurring eating and substance use concerns.Childhood emotional abuse was related to greater emotion dysregulation.Childhood emotional neglect was related to greater impulsivity.Emotion dysregulation was related to greater problematic substance use.Emotional abuse may impact substance use through emotion dysregulation.Creating emotion dysregulation may improve substance and eating disorder symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Schaefer
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Vivienne M. Hazzard
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Smith
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Cassandra A. Johnson
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Carol B. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- The Emily Program, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott J. Crow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- The Emily Program, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna M. Bardone-Cone
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas E. Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marjorie H. Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - James E. Mitchell
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Stephen A. Wonderlich
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Munn‐Chernoff MA, Johnson EC, Chou Y, Coleman JR, Thornton LM, Walters RK, Yilmaz Z, Baker JH, Hübel C, Gordon S, Medland SE, Watson HJ, Gaspar HA, Bryois J, Hinney A, Leppä VM, Mattheisen M, Ripke S, Yao S, Giusti‐Rodríguez P, Hanscombe KB, Adan RA, Alfredsson L, Ando T, Andreassen OA, Berrettini WH, Boehm I, Boni C, Boraska Perica V, Buehren K, Burghardt R, Cassina M, Cichon S, Clementi M, Cone RD, Courtet P, Crow S, Crowley JJ, Danner UN, Davis OS, Zwaan M, Dedoussis G, Degortes D, DeSocio JE, Dick DM, Dikeos D, Dina C, Dmitrzak‐Weglarz M, Docampo E, Duncan LE, Egberts K, Ehrlich S, Escaramís G, Esko T, Estivill X, Farmer A, Favaro A, Fernández‐Aranda F, Fichter MM, Fischer K, Föcker M, Foretova L, Forstner AJ, Forzan M, Franklin CS, Gallinger S, Giegling I, Giuranna J, Gonidakis F, Gorwood P, Gratacos Mayora M, Guillaume S, Guo Y, Hakonarson H, Hatzikotoulas K, Hauser J, Hebebrand J, Helder SG, Herms S, Herpertz‐Dahlmann B, Herzog W, Huckins LM, Hudson JI, Imgart H, Inoko H, Janout V, Jiménez‐Murcia S, Julià A, Kalsi G, Kaminská D, Karhunen L, Karwautz A, Kas MJ, Kennedy JL, Keski‐Rahkonen A, Kiezebrink K, Kim Y, Klump KL, Knudsen GPS, La Via MC, Le Hellard S, Levitan RD, Li D, Lilenfeld L, Lin BD, Lissowska J, Luykx J, Magistretti PJ, Maj M, Mannik K, Marsal S, Marshall CR, Mattingsdal M, McDevitt S, McGuffin P, Metspalu A, Meulenbelt I, Micali N, Mitchell K, Monteleone AM, Monteleone P, Nacmias B, Navratilova M, Ntalla I, O'Toole JK, Ophoff RA, Padyukov L, Palotie A, Pantel J, Papezova H, Pinto D, Rabionet R, Raevuori A, Ramoz N, Reichborn‐Kjennerud T, Ricca V, Ripatti S, Ritschel F, Roberts M, Rotondo A, Rujescu D, Rybakowski F, Santonastaso P, Scherag A, Scherer SW, Schmidt U, Schork NJ, Schosser A, Seitz J, Slachtova L, Slagboom PE, Slof‐Op't Landt MC, Slopien A, Sorbi S, Świątkowska B, Szatkiewicz JP, Tachmazidou I, Tenconi E, Tortorella A, Tozzi F, Treasure J, Tsitsika A, Tyszkiewicz‐Nwafor M, Tziouvas K, Elburg AA, Furth EF, Wagner G, Walton E, Widen E, Zeggini E, Zerwas S, Zipfel S, Bergen AW, Boden JM, Brandt H, Crawford S, Halmi KA, Horwood LJ, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, Kaye WH, Mitchell J, Olsen CM, Pearson JF, Pedersen NL, Strober M, Werge T, Whiteman DC, Woodside DB, Grove J, Henders AK, Larsen JT, Parker R, Petersen LV, Jordan J, Kennedy MA, Birgegård A, Lichtenstein P, Norring C, Landén M, Mortensen PB, Polimanti R, McClintick JN, Adkins AE, Aliev F, Bacanu S, Batzler A, Bertelsen S, Biernacka JM, Bigdeli TB, Chen L, Clarke T, Degenhardt F, Docherty AR, Edwards AC, Foo JC, Fox L, Frank J, Hack LM, Hartmann AM, Hartz SM, Heilmann‐Heimbach S, Hodgkinson C, Hoffmann P, Hottenga J, Konte B, Lahti J, Lahti‐Pulkkinen M, Lai D, Ligthart L, Loukola A, Maher BS, Mbarek H, McIntosh AM, McQueen MB, Meyers JL, Milaneschi Y, Palviainen T, Peterson RE, Ryu E, Saccone NL, Salvatore JE, Sanchez‐Roige S, Schwandt M, Sherva R, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Thomas N, Wang J, Webb BT, Wedow R, Wetherill L, Wills AG, Zhou H, Boardman JD, Chen D, Choi D, Copeland WE, Culverhouse RC, Dahmen N, Degenhardt L, Domingue BW, Frye MA, Gäebel W, Hayward C, Ising M, Keyes M, Kiefer F, Koller G, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Lucae S, Lynskey MT, Maier W, Mann K, Männistö S, Müller‐Myhsok B, Murray AD, Nurnberger JI, Preuss U, Räikkönen K, Reynolds MD, Ridinger M, Scherbaum N, Schuckit MA, Soyka M, Treutlein J, Witt SH, Wodarz N, Zill P, Adkins DE, Boomsma DI, Bierut LJ, Brown SA, Bucholz KK, Costello EJ, Wit H, Diazgranados N, Eriksson JG, Farrer LA, Foroud TM, Gillespie NA, Goate AM, Goldman D, Grucza RA, Hancock DB, Harris KM, Hesselbrock V, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Iacono WG, Johnson EO, Karpyak VM, Kendler KS, Kranzler HR, Krauter K, Lind PA, McGue M, MacKillop J, Madden PA, Maes HH, Magnusson PK, Nelson EC, Nöthen MM, Palmer AA, Penninx BW, Porjesz B, Rice JP, Rietschel M, Riley BP, Rose RJ, Shen P, Silberg J, Stallings MC, Tarter RE, Vanyukov MM, Vrieze S, Wall TL, Whitfield JB, Zhao H, Neale BM, Wade TD, Heath AC, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Sullivan PF, Kaprio J, Breen G, Gelernter J, Edenberg HJ, Bulik CM, Agrawal A. Shared genetic risk between eating disorder‐ and substance‐use‐related phenotypes: Evidence from genome‐wide association studies. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12880. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Munn‐Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Yi‐Ling Chou
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Jonathan R.I. Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Raymond K. Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Scott Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Hunna J. Watson
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- School of Psychology Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Héléna A. Gaspar
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
| | - Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Virpi M. Leppä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of Würzburg Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paola Giusti‐Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Ken B. Hanscombe
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics King's College London, Guy's Hospital London UK
| | - Roger A.H. Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
- Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld Altrecht Mental Health Institute Zeist The Netherlands
- Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tetsuya Ando
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT Centre University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Wade H. Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ilka Boehm
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Claudette Boni
- Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience INSERM U894 Paris France
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine University of Split Split Croatia
| | - Katharina Buehren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | | | - Matteo Cassina
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova Italy
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐1) Research Center Juelich Germany
| | - Maurizio Clementi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova Italy
| | - Roger D. Cone
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Life Sciences Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post‐Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Scott Crow
- Department of Psychiatry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - James J. Crowley
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Unna N. Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld Altrecht Mental Health Institute Zeist The Netherlands
| | - Oliver S.P. Davis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit University of Bristol Bristol UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Martina Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Harokopio University Athens Greece
| | | | | | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Dimitris Dikeos
- Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School Athens University Athens Greece
| | - Christian Dina
- l'institut du thorax INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes Nantes France
| | | | - Elisa Docampo
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | - Laramie E. Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Karin Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health University Hospital of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Geòrgia Escaramís
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
- Genomics and Disease, Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme Centre for Genomic Regulation Barcelona Spain
| | - Anne Farmer
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Fernando Fernández‐Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge –IDIBELL and CIBERobn Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Manfred M. Fichter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Germany
- Schön Klinik Roseneck affiliated with the Medical Faculty of the University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic
| | - Andreas J. Forstner
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Centre for Human Genetics University of Marburg Marburg Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK) University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Monica Forzan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova Italy
| | | | - Steven Gallinger
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Johanna Giuranna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Fragiskos Gonidakis
- 1st Psychiatric Department National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris INSERM U1266 Paris France
- CMME (GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences), Paris Descartes University Paris France
| | - Monica Gratacos Mayora
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post‐Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München ‐ German Research Centre for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany
| | - Joanna Hauser
- Department of Adult Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Sietske G. Helder
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- Zorg op Orde Delft The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Beate Herpertz‐Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herzog
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Laura M. Huckins
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Division of Psychiatric Genomics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - James I. Hudson
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Hartmut Imgart
- Eating Disorders Unit Parklandklinik Bad Wildungen Germany
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Tokai University Isehara Japan
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Faculty of Health Sciences Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Susana Jiménez‐Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge –IDIBELL and CIBERobn Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Deborah Kaminská
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Leila Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Martien J.H. Kas
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Kirsty Kiezebrink
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Youl‐Ri Kim
- Department of Psychiatry Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University Seoul Korea
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of Psychology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | | | - Maria C. La Via
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- Department of Clinical Science, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory Building Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Robert D. Levitan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Lisa Lilenfeld
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Washington DC Campus Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Bochao Danae Lin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention M Skłodowska‐Curie Cancer Center ‐ Oncology Center Warsaw Poland
| | - Jurjen Luykx
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- BESE Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
- Department of Psychiatry University of Lausanne‐University Hospital of Lausanne (UNIL‐CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples Italy
| | - Katrin Mannik
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Center for Integrative Genomics University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Christian R. Marshall
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Genome Diagnostics The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Morten Mattingsdal
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Sara McDevitt
- Department of Psychiatry University College Cork Cork Ireland
- Eist Linn Adolescent Unit, Bessborough Health Service Executive South Cork Ireland
| | - Peter McGuffin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Molecular Epidemiology Section (Department of Biomedical Datasciences) Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Geneva University Hospital Geneva Switzerland
| | - Karen Mitchell
- National Center for PTSD VA Boston Healthcare System Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno Salerno Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Marie Navratilova
- Department of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Harokopio University Athens Greece
| | | | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Division of Rheumatology Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Center for Human Genome Research Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jacques Pantel
- Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience INSERM U894 Paris France
| | - Hana Papezova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Division of Psychiatric Genomics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Saint Joan de Déu Research Institute Saint Joan de Déu Barcelona Children's Hospital Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Anu Raevuori
- Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris INSERM U1266 Paris France
| | - Ted Reichborn‐Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Department of Health Science University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Department of Biometry University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Franziska Ritschel
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Marion Roberts
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Alessandro Rotondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Biotechnologies University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Filip Rybakowski
- Department of Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Paolo Santonastaso
- Department of Neurosciences, Padua Neuroscience Center University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - André Scherag
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences Jena University Hospital Jena Germany
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
- McLaughlin Centre University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | | | - Alexandra Schosser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Lenka Slachtova
- Department of Pediatrics and Center of Applied Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology Section (Department of Medical Statistics) Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Margarita C.T. Slof‐Op't Landt
- Center for Eating Disorders Ursula Rivierduinen Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Slopien
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence Florence Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Florence Italy
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Lodz Poland
| | - Jin P. Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | | | - Elena Tenconi
- Department of Neurosciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Alfonso Tortorella
- Department of Psychiatry University of Naples SUN Naples Italy
- Department of Psychiatry University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Federica Tozzi
- Brain Sciences Department Stremble Ventures Limassol Cyprus
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Artemis Tsitsika
- Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Marta Tyszkiewicz‐Nwafor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Konstantinos Tziouvas
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Annemarie A. Elburg
- Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld Altrecht Mental Health Institute Zeist The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Eric F. Furth
- Center for Eating Disorders Ursula Rivierduinen Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Esther Walton
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München ‐ German Research Centre for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany
| | - Stephanie Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Medical Hospital Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Andrew W. Bergen
- BioRealm, LLC Walnut California USA
- Oregon Research Institute Eugene Oregon USA
| | - Joseph M. Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Harry Brandt
- The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Steven Crawford
- The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Katherine A. Halmi
- Department of Psychiatry Weill Cornell Medical College New York New York USA
| | - L. John Horwood
- Christchurch Health and Development Study University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | | | - Allan S. Kaplan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Walter H. Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - James Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Fargo North Dakota USA
| | - Catherine M. Olsen
- Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - John F. Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael Strober
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Thomas Werge
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - David C. Whiteman
- Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - D. Blake Woodside
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Centre for Mental Health University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
- Program for Eating Disorders University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jakob Grove
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Anjali K. Henders
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Janne T. Larsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐Based Research, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register‐based Research (CIRRAU) Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Richard Parker
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Liselotte V. Petersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐Based Research, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register‐based Research (CIRRAU) Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Jennifer Jordan
- Department of Psychological Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
- Canterbury District Health Board Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Martin A. Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Claes Norring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐Based Research, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register‐based Research (CIRRAU) Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Jeanette N. McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Amy E. Adkins
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Faculty of Business Karabuk University Karabuk Turkey
| | - Silviu‐Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Anthony Batzler
- Psychiatric Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Program Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Joanna M. Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Tim B. Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Li‐Shiun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Jerome C. Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Louis Fox
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Laura M. Hack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Annette M. Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Sarah M. Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Stefanie Heilmann‐Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | | | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Jouke‐Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies University of Turku Turku Finland
| | | | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Lannie Ligthart
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Brion S. Maher
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Matthew B. McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute VU University Medical Center/GGz inGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Roseann E. Peterson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Nancy L. Saccone
- Department of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez‐Roige
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | | | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Nathaniel Thomas
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Jen‐Chyong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Bradley T. Webb
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Robbee Wedow
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Department of Sociology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Amanda G. Wills
- Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Jason D. Boardman
- Institute of Behavioral Science University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Sociology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Danfeng Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Doo‐Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - William E. Copeland
- Department of Psychiatry University of Vermont Medical Center Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Robert C. Culverhouse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry University of Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Benjamin W. Domingue
- Stanford University Graduate School of Education Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Wolfgang Gäebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Düsseldorf Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Psychiatry Munich Germany
| | - Margaret Keyes
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa USA
| | | | - Michael T. Lynskey
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Bertram Müller‐Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics Max‐Planck‐Institute of Psychiatry München Germany
| | - Alison D. Murray
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition University of Aberdeen Foresterhill Aberdeen UK
| | - John I. Nurnberger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Ulrich Preuss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Herborn Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Vitos Hospital Herborn Herborn Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Monika Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Regensburg Psychiatric Health Care Aargau Regensburg Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty LVR‐Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Michael Soyka
- Medical Park Chiemseeblick in Bernau‐Felden Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Bernau am Chiemsee Germany
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Bernau am Chiemsee Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Stephanie H. Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Norbert Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Peter Zill
- Department of Psychiatry Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Germany
| | - Daniel E. Adkins
- Department of Psychiatry University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
- Department of Sociology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Laura J. Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
- Department of Psychology University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - E. Jane Costello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Harriet Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | | | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Neurology Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Ophthalmology Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Tatiana M. Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Nathan A. Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics NIH/NIAAA Bethesda Maryland USA
- Office of the Clinical Director NIH/NIAAA Besthesda Maryland USA
| | - Richard A. Grucza
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Dana B. Hancock
- Center for Omics Discovery and Epidemiology, Behavioral Health Research Division RTI International Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Carolina Population Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - John K. Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - William G. Iacono
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Eric O. Johnson
- Center for Omics Discovery and Epidemiology, Behavioral Health Research Division RTI International Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
- Fellow Program RTI International Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
| | - Victor M. Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- VISN 4 MIRECC Crescenz VAMC Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Kenneth Krauter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Penelope A. Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Pamela A.F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Hermine H. Maes
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Patrik K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Elliot C. Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC VU University and GGZinGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - John P. Rice
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Brien P. Riley
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Pei‐Hong Shen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics NIH/NIAAA Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Judy Silberg
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Michael C. Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Ralph E. Tarter
- School of Pharmacy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Tamara L. Wall
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - John B. Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Tracey D. Wade
- School of Psychology Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Neuroscience Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Nutrition University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Van Alsten SC, Duncan AE. Lifetime patterns of comorbidity in eating disorders: An approach using sequence analysis. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 28:709-723. [PMID: 32748537 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders (EDs) have high rates of psychiatric comorbidity. This study aimed to characterize longitudinal patterns of comorbidities in adults with EDs. METHODS Sequence analysis and hierarchical clustering were applied to ages of onset and recency for select eating, substance, mood, and anxiety disorders from the 479 participants in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys with lifetime DSM-IV bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or anorexia nervosa. External validators were compared across clusters using chi-square tests. RESULTS Five clusters were identified among individuals with any lifetime ED based on longitudinal sequence of psychiatric disorder onset and remission, characterized as: (1) multi-comorbid with early onset of comorbid disorder (46%); (2) moderate preeminent anxiety with moderate comorbidity and low ED persistence (20%); (3) late ED onset with low comorbidity (15%); (4) early onset, persistent ED with low comorbidity (14%); and (5) chronic, early onset depression (5%). Clusters were well differentiated by significant differences in age, body mass index, race, and psychiatric indicators. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a new method to assess clustering of comorbidity among individuals with lifetime EDs. Having a psychiatric diagnosis prior to an ED was associated with greater psychopathology and illness duration. Information on timing of diagnoses may allow for more refined comorbidity classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Van Alsten
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexis E Duncan
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Horváth Z, Román N, Elekes Z, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z, Urbán R. Alcohol consumption and risk for feeding and eating disorders in adolescence: The mediating role of drinking motives. Addict Behav 2020; 107:106431. [PMID: 32289746 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A complex and bidirectional association has been assumed between feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) and alcohol consumption. Previous research has demonstrated that alcohol use among individuals with different forms of FEDs is more frequently motivated by two subtypes of internal drinking motives: coping and enhancement motives. Namely, these individuals might use alcohol primarily to regulate internal states, such as to mitigate negative emotions or enhance positive emotions. OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the mediating role of internal drinking motives on the association between risk for FEDs and alcohol consumption over the effects of relevant covariates, such as depressive symptoms or body mass index (BMI). METHODS Hungarian data of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) from 2015 were used. The final sample included responses from 5457 adolescents (50% males; mean age: 16.62 years). Validated self-report psychometric instruments assessed the level of alcohol use, depressive symptoms and risk for FEDs, and drinking motives. RESULTS Risk for FEDs presented a significant positive relationship with internal drinking motives and alcohol use. In the mediation analysis, a significant indirect effect was identified between risk for FEDs and alcohol use via internal drinking motives among females. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrated that risk for FEDs was positively associated with internal drinking motives and alcohol use. An indirect effect of risk for FEDs on alcohol consumption via internal drinking motives was discriminated over the impact of depressive symptoms. However, the latter relationship was only found among females which may highlight the gender differences in the relationship between risk for FEDs and alcohol use.
Collapse
|
18
|
Munn-Chernoff MA, Few LR, Matherne CE, Baker JH, Men V(Y, McCutcheon VV, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Madden PAF, Heath AC, Duncan AE. Eating disorders in a community-based sample of women with alcohol use disorder and nicotine dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 212:107981. [PMID: 32442752 PMCID: PMC7293939 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies consistently report a higher prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) among women with eating disorders than control women. However, limited research exists on the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses in women with SUDs, especially in community-based populations. We examined the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and diagnosis by the presence or absence of lifetime alcohol use disorder (AUD) and/or nicotine dependence (ND) in a community-based sample of women. METHODS 3756 women (median age = 22 years) from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study completed a modified semi-structured interview assessing lifetime DSM-IV psychiatric disorders and SUDs. Logistic regression models adjusted for demographic characteristics and other psychopathology, and robust standard errors accounted for the non-independence of twin data. RESULTS In general, women with comorbid AUD and ND had a higher prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses than women with AUD or ND Only, who in turn had a higher prevalence than those without either SUD. After adjustment for covariates, women with AUD and ND had significantly greater risk of broad anorexia nervosa (RRR = 3.17; 99 % CI = 1.35, 7.44), purging disorder (2.59; 1.24, 5.43), and numerous eating disorder symptoms than women with neither disorder. Significant differences emerged between individuals with both AUD and ND versus women with AUD Only or ND Only for some eating disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Women with lifetime AUD or ND diagnoses are at high risk for eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses, underscoring the importance of assessing eating disorder symptoms among women with these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Lauren R. Few
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Camden E. Matherne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Vera (Yu) Men
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Pamela A. F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Alexis E. Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA,George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hochheimer M, Sacco P, Ware OD. Latent classes of lifetime drug use disorder in national epidemiological survey on alcohol and related conditions - III. Addict Behav 2020; 106:106379. [PMID: 32199206 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/BACKGROUND People diagnosed with multiple drug use disorders are high-risk subpopulations, but changes in diagnostic classification and drug use prevalence mean patterning of drug use disorders has changed in the past decade. We analyzed comorbidity patterns of lifetime drug use disorder in a general population sample. DESIGN Using latent class analysis, we derived lifetime drug use disorder classes based on dichotomous indicators of sedative, cannabis, opioid, cocaine, stimulant, hallucinogen, inhalant/solvent, club drug, heroin, and other drug use disorders in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (n = 36,309). Multinomial models assessed associations between sociodemographic and clinical correlates and latent class status. RESULTS Four latent classes of lifetime substance use disorder were identified: A very low risk class, a class with high opioid, sedative and heroin comorbidity, a class based on cocaine and stimulant comorbidity, and class with high likelihood of multiple lifetime drug use disorders. All higher risk classes were associated with higher risk of lifetime personality disorder and mood disorder. Conduct disorder was also associated with higher risk, but level of risk varied by class. Opioid and sedative class was associated with higher odds of lifetime eating disorder diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Comorbidity of drug use disorders is associated with a range of lifetime mental health disorder diagnoses. Unlike previous research, we did not identify a cannabis use class, possibly due to changes in diagnostic criteria and cannabis prevalence rates.
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Angoa-Pérez M, Zagorac B, Winters AD, Greenberg JM, Ahmad M, Theis KR, Kuhn DM. Differential effects of synthetic psychoactive cathinones and amphetamine stimulants on the gut microbiome in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227774. [PMID: 31978078 PMCID: PMC6980639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The list of pharmacological agents that can modify the gut microbiome or be modified by it continues to grow at a high rate. The greatest amount of attention on drug-gut microbiome interactions has been directed primarily at pharmaceuticals used to treat infection, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions and cancer. By comparison, drugs of abuse and addiction, which can powerfully and chronically worsen human health, have received relatively little attention in this regard. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to characterize how selected synthetic psychoactive cathinones (aka “Bath Salts”) and amphetamine stimulants modify the gut microbiome. Mice were treated with mephedrone (40 mg/kg), methcathinone (80 mg/kg), methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) or 4-methyl-methamphetamine (40 mg/kg), following a binge regimen consisting of 4 injections at 2h intervals. These drugs were selected for study because they are structural analogs that contain a β-keto substituent (methcathinone), a 4-methyl group (4-methyl-methamphetamine), both substituents (mephedrone) or neither (methamphetamine). Mice were sacrificed 1, 2 or 7 days after treatment and DNA from caecum contents was subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that all drugs caused significant time- and structure-dependent alterations in the diversity and taxonomic structure of the gut microbiome. The two phyla most changed by drug treatments were Firmicutes (methcathinone, 4-methyl-methamphetamine) and Bacteriodetes (methcathinone, 4-methyl-methamphetamine, methamphetamine, mephedrone). Across time, broad microbiome changes from the phylum to genus levels were characteristic of all drugs. The present results signify that these selected psychoactive drugs, which are thought to exert their primary effects within the CNS, can have profound effects on the gut microbiome. They also suggest new avenues of investigation into the possibility that gut-derived signals could modulate drug abuse and addiction via altered communication along the gut-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Angoa-Pérez
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Branislava Zagorac
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Winters
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Madison Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Theis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Perinatal Research Initiative in Maternal, Perinatal and Child Health, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Donald M. Kuhn
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brutman J, Davis JF, Sirohi S. Behavioral and Neurobiological Consequences of Hedonic Feeding on Alcohol Drinking. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2309-2315. [PMID: 32026772 PMCID: PMC7321868 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200206092231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A complex interplay of peripheral and central signaling mechanisms within the body of an organism maintains energy homeostasis. In addition, energy/food intake is modified by various external factors (e.g., palatability, food availability, social and environmental triggers). Highly palatable foods can provoke maladaptive feeding behavior, which in turn disrupts normal homeostatic regulation resulting in numerous health consequences. Furthermore, neuroendocrine peptides, traditionally considered to regulate appetite and energy homeostasis, also control the intake and reinforcing properties of alcohol and drugs of abuse. Therefore, dysregulated eating as a result of a hedonic/binge-like intake of hyper-palatable food may impact alcohol drinking behavior. Relevant in this case is the fact that eating disorders are highly comorbid with several neuropsychiatric conditions, including alcohol use disorder. The present review is intended to summarize the neurobiological and functional consequences of hedonic feeding on alcohol intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Brutman
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Jon F. Davis
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Sunil Sirohi
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Trojanowski PJ, Adams LM, Fischer S. Understanding profiles of student binge drinking and eating: The importance of motives. Addict Behav 2019; 96:148-155. [PMID: 31096093 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking and binge eating occur frequently in undergraduates; however, the mechanism driving their co-occurrence is not well-understood. Several theories support the role of motives in driving drinking and eating behavior, especially motivations related to affect regulation (i.e., enhancement/pleasure and coping). This study used a person-centered approach to identify classes of students based on eating and drinking motives and past-month binge behavior and examined class differences in psychopathology, emotion regulation, and impulsivity. Undergraduates (N = 776) completed a drinking timeline follow-back and surveys assessing motives, binge eating, psychopathology, emotion regulation, impulsivity, and quality of life. Mixture modeling was used to group students based on presence/absence of past-month binge eating, binge drinking, and motives for eating and drinking. The analysis resulted in 4 classes: Binge Drinking (with relatively high social and enhancement drinking motives), Binge Eating (with overall high eating motives), Both Bingeing (with high drinking motives, especially coping, and high eating motives), and Low Bingeing (with low motives for both behaviors). ANOVA and post-hoc analyses suggested that the Binge Eating and Both Bingeing groups were most impaired, while the Binge Drinking class rarely differed from the Low Bingeing group across measures of psychological distress. Notably, classes with high eating/drinking motives displayed significant impairment despite not all class members endorsing binge behavior. Findings suggest that binge drinking in addition to binge eating may not imply more psychological impairment and support the importance of assessing motives for eating/drinking among undergraduates and potentially trying to challenge these motives through early intervention.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Estimates of lifetime bulimia nervosa (BN) range from 4% to 6.7% across studies. There has been a decrease in the presentation of BN in primary care but an increase in disordered eating not meeting full diagnostic criteria. Regardless of diagnostic status, disordered eating is associated with long-term significant impairment to both physical and mental quality of life, and BN is associated with a significantly higher likelihood of self-harm, suicide, and death. Assessment should adopt a motivationally enhancing stance given the high level of ambivalence associated with BN. Cognitive behavior therapy specific to eating disorders outperforms other active psychological comparisons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey D Wade
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wiss DA, Schellenberger M, Prelip ML. Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Centers. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:2217-2221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
26
|
Baker JH, Johnson NK, Munn-Chernoff MA, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H, Maes HH, Kendler KS. Illicit Drug Use, Cigarette Smoking, and Eating Disorder Symptoms: Associations in an Adolescent Twin Sample. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018. [PMID: 30422785 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Twin studies have shown that genetic factors in part explain the established relation between alcohol use (i.e., problematic use or abuse/dependence) and eating disorder symptoms in adolescent and adult females. However, studies have yet to elucidate if there are similar shared genetic factors between other aspects of substance involvement, such as illicit drug use and repeated cigarette smoking. METHOD For those sex-specific phenotypic correlations above our threshold of .20, we used a behavioral genetic design to examine potential shared genetic overlap between self-reported lifetime illicit drug use and repeated cigarette smoking and the eating disorder symptoms of drive for thinness (DT), bulimia (BU), and body dissatisfaction (BD), as assessed with the Eating Disorder Inventory-II, in 16- to 17-year-old female and male twin pairs. RESULTS Only phenotypic correlations with illicit drug use met our threshold for twin modeling. Small to moderate genetic correlations were observed between illicit drug use and BU in both girls and boys and between illicit drug use and DT in girls. CONCLUSIONS Similar etiological factors are at play in the overlap between illicit drug use and certain eating disorder symptoms in girls and boys during adolescence, such that genetic factors are important for covariance. Specifically, illicit drug use was associated with bulimia nervosa symptoms in girls and boys, which parallels previous substance use research finding a genetic overlap between alcohol use and bulimia nervosa symptoms. Future research should prospectively examine developmental trajectories to further understand the etiological overlap between substance involvement and eating disorder symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nicole K Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melissa A Munn-Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Medical Science, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Department of Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Flores-Fresco MJ, Blanco-Gandía MDC, Rodríguez-Arias M. Alteraciones de la Conducta Alimentaria en Pacientes con Trastorno por Abuso de Sustancias. CLINICA Y SALUD 2018. [DOI: 10.5093/clysa2018a18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
28
|
Baker JH, Brosof LC, Munn-Chernoff MA, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H, Maes HH, Kendler KS. Associations Between Alcohol Involvement and Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction in Adolescent Twins: A Bivariate Twin Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2214-2223. [PMID: 30252141 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol involvement has familial associations with bulimic symptoms (i.e., binge eating, inappropriate compensatory behaviors), with several studies indicating a genetic overlap between the two. It is unclear whether overlapping familial risk with alcohol involvement extends to other eating disorder symptoms. Understanding the genetic overlap between alcohol involvement and other eating disorder symptoms may aid in more targeted interventions for comorbid alcohol use-eating disorder symptoms. Thus, we investigated associations between alcohol involvement and 2 core eating disorder symptoms: drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction in adolescent female and male twins. METHODS We assessed 3 levels of alcohol involvement: alcohol use in the last month, having ever been intoxicated, and alcohol intoxication frequency via self-report. The Eating Disorder Inventory-II assessed drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. Sex-specific biometrical twin modeling examined the genetic overlap between alcohol involvement and eating disorder symptoms. RESULTS Phenotypic associations between alcohol involvement, drive for thinness, and body dissatisfaction were significantly greater in girls compared with boys. A majority of the associations between alcohol involvement, drive for thinness, and body dissatisfaction in girls, but not boys, met our threshold for twin modeling (phenotypic r > 0.20). Moderate genetic correlations were observed between the 3 aspects of alcohol involvement and drive for thinness. Moderate genetic correlations were observed between alcohol use and intoxication frequency and body dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Together with the literature on alcohol involvement and bulimic symptoms, these findings suggest a generalized association between alcohol involvement and eating disorder symptoms in girls, whereas this association may be symptom specific in boys. Genetic correlations indicate that the amount and direction of this genetic overlap differs across specific symptoms. When intervening on comorbid alcohol involvement and eating disorder symptoms, it may be important to target-specific eating disorder symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Leigh C Brosof
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Melissa A Munn-Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Science, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Department of Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hübel C, Leppä V, Breen G, Bulik CM. Rigor and reproducibility in genetic research on eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:593-607. [PMID: 30194862 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored both within-method and between-method rigor and reproducibility in the field of eating disorders genetics. METHOD We present critical evaluation and commentary on component methods of genetic research (family studies, twin studies, molecular genetic studies) and discuss both successful and unsuccessful efforts in the field. RESULTS Eating disorders genetics has had a number of robust results that converge across component methodologies. Familial aggregation of eating disorders, twin-based heritability estimates of eating disorders, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) all point toward a substantial role for genetics in eating disorders etiology and support the premise that genes do not act alone. Candidate gene and linkage studies have been less informative historically. DISCUSSION The eating disorders field has entered the GWAS era with studies of anorexia nervosa. Continued growth of sample sizes is essential for rigorous discovery of actionable variation. Molecular genetic studies of bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and other eating disorders are virtually nonexistent and lag seriously behind other major psychiatric disorders. Expanded efforts are necessary to reveal the fundamental biology of eating disorders, inform clinical practice, and deliver new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Virpi Leppä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Baker JH, Munn-Chernoff MA, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H, Maes H, Kendler KS. Shared familial risk between bulimic symptoms and alcohol involvement during adolescence. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 126:506-518. [PMID: 28691841 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Twin studies show the established relation between bulimic symptoms and problematic alcohol involvement in adult females is partly due to shared familial factors, specifically shared genetic effects. However, it is unclear if similar shared etiological factors exist during adolescence or in males. We examined the familial overlap (i.e., genetic and common environmental correlations) between bulimic symptoms and various levels of alcohol involvement in 16- to 17-year-old female and male same-sex twin pairs using sex-specific biometrical twin modeling. Bulimic symptoms were assessed with the Eating Disorder Inventory-2. Alcohol involvement included alcohol use in the last month, having ever been intoxicated, and alcohol intoxication frequency. Results revealed 3 distinct patterns. First, in general, phenotypic correlations indicated statistically similar associations between bulimic symptoms and alcohol involvement in girls and boys. Second, common environmental overlap was significant for the bivariate associations including having ever been intoxicated. Third, moderate genetic correlations were observed between all bulimic symptoms and alcohol involvement in girls and moderate common environmental correlations were observed in boys for the more risky/deviant levels of involvement. Similar to adults, there is familial overlap between bulimic symptoms and alcohol involvement in adolescent girls and boys. These results could inform symptom- and sex-specific, developmentally targeted prevention and intervention programs for the comorbidity between bulimic symptoms and alcohol involvement. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Hermine Maes
- Department of Genetics, VA Commonwealth University
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rolland B, Naassila M, Duffau C, Houchi H, Gierski F, André J. Binge Eating, But Not Other Disordered Eating Symptoms, Is a Significant Contributor of Binge Drinking Severity: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study among French Students. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1878. [PMID: 29163267 PMCID: PMC5670502 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have suggested the co-occurrence of eating disorders and alcohol use disorders but in which extent binge eating (BE) and other disordered eating symptoms (DES) are associated with the severity of binge drinking (BD) remains unknown. We conducted a online cross-sectional study among 1,872 French students. Participants were asked their age, gender, tobacco and cannabis use status. They completed the Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and UPPS impulsive behavior questionnaire. BD score was calculated using the AUQ. Three items of the EDE-Q were used to construct a BE score. The predictors of the BD score were determined using a linear regression model. Our results showed that the BE score was correlated with the BD score (β0 = 0.051 ± 0.022; p = 0.019), but no other DES was associated with BD, including purging behaviors. The severity of BD was also correlated with younger age, male gender, tobacco and cannabis use, and with the 'positive urgency,' 'premeditation,' and 'sensation seeking' UPPS subscores (R2 of the model: 25%). Within DES, BE appeared as an independent determinant of the BD severity. This is in line with the recent hypothesis that BE is not a subtype of DES, but more a general vulnerability factor of emotional dysregulation, which could be shared by different behavioral and addictive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rolland
- Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool & les Pharmacodépendances (GRAP), INSERM ERi 24, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mickael Naassila
- Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool & les Pharmacodépendances (GRAP), INSERM ERi 24, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Céline Duffau
- Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool & les Pharmacodépendances (GRAP), INSERM ERi 24, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Hakim Houchi
- Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool & les Pharmacodépendances (GRAP), INSERM ERi 24, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Fabien Gierski
- C2S Laboratory (EA 6291), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Judith André
- Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool & les Pharmacodépendances (GRAP), INSERM ERi 24, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hall SB, Brown NW, Humphries JR. Premature Termination From Outpatient Psychotherapy in a University-Based Counseling Center. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21501378.2017.1302786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean B. Hall
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - J. Ryan Humphries
- Behavioral Health Crisis Center of Cobb Douglas Public Health, Marietta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wiss DA, Brewerton TD. Incorporating food addiction into disordered eating: the disordered eating food addiction nutrition guide (DEFANG). Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:49-59. [PMID: 27943202 PMCID: PMC5334442 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although not formally recognized by the DSM-5, food addiction (FA) has been well described in the scientific literature. FA has emerged as a clinical entity that is recognized within the spectrum of disordered eating, particularly in patients with bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder and/or co-occurring addictive disorders and obesity. Integrating the concept of FA into the scope of disordered eating has been challenging for ED treatment professionals, since there is no well-accepted treatment model. The confusion surrounding the implications of FA, as well as the impact of the contemporary Westernized diet, may contribute to poor treatment outcomes. The purpose of this review is twofold. The first is to briefly explore the relationships between EDs and addictions, and the second is to propose a new model of conceptualizing and treating EDs that incorporates recent data on FA. Since treatment for EDs should vary based on individual assessment and diagnosis, the Disordered Eating Food Addiction Nutrition Guide (DEFANG) is presented as a tool for framing treatment goals and helping patients achieve sustainable recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Wiss
- Nutrition in Recovery LLC, 8549 Wilshire Blvd. #646, Beverly Hills, CA, 90211, USA.
| | - Timothy D Brewerton
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lackner N, Unterrainer HF, Skliris D, Shaheen S, Dunitz-Scheer M, Wood G, Scheer PJZ, Wallner-Liebmann SJ, Neuper C. EEG neurofeedback effects in the treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa. Eat Disord 2016; 24:354-74. [PMID: 27027700 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2016.1160705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A pre-post design including 22 females was used to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback in the treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa. Resting EEG measures and a psychological test-battery assessing eating behavior traits, clinical symptoms, emotionality, and mood were obtained. While both the experimental (n = 10) and control group (n = 12) received their usual maintenance treatment, the experimental group received 10 sessions of individual alpha frequency training over a period of 5 weeks as additional treatment. Significant training effects were shown in eating behavior traits, emotion regulation, and in relative theta power in the eyes closed condition. Although the results are limited due to the small sample size, these are the first empirical data demonstrating the benefits of neurofeedback as a treatment adjunct in individuals with anorexia nervosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lackner
- a Department of Neuropsychology , Karl-Franzens University Graz , Graz , Austria.,b Department of Psychiatry , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Human-Friedrich Unterrainer
- b Department of Psychiatry , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria.,c Center for Integrative Addiction Research (CIAR), Grüner Kreis Society , Vienna , Austria
| | - Dimitris Skliris
- a Department of Neuropsychology , Karl-Franzens University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Sandra Shaheen
- d Department of Psychiatry , Harvard University Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Marguerite Dunitz-Scheer
- e Psychosomatic & Psychotherapeutic Unit, Department for General Pediatrics , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Guilherme Wood
- a Department of Neuropsychology , Karl-Franzens University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Peter Jaron Zwi Scheer
- e Psychosomatic & Psychotherapeutic Unit, Department for General Pediatrics , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | | | - Christa Neuper
- a Department of Neuropsychology , Karl-Franzens University Graz , Graz , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pisetsky EM, Crosby RD, Cao L, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Mitchell JE, Engel SG, Wonderlich SA, Peterson CB. An examination of affect prior to and following episodes of getting drunk in women with bulimia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 2016; 240:202-208. [PMID: 27111214 PMCID: PMC4939267 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the association between affect and self-reported alcohol intoxication in women with bulimia nervosa (BN; N=133). Participants completed a two-week ecological momentary assessment protocol. Momentary global positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), as well as the facets of NA (fear, guilt, hostility and sadness), were measured. Forty-five participants endorsed that they "got drunk" during the study period. Daily mean and variability of global PA and NA were compared between days with self-reported alcohol intoxication and days without self-reported alcohol intoxication. Trajectories of affect were modeled prior to and following episodes of self-reported alcohol intoxication. There were no differences in the mean or variability of PA or NA on days characterized by self-reported alcohol intoxication compared to days with no self-reported alcohol intoxication (ps>0.05). PA decreased significantly prior to self-reported alcohol intoxication and remained stable afterwards. There were no changes in global NA before or after self-reported alcohol intoxication, but an examination of the facets of NA showed that sadness increased following episodes of self-reported alcohol intoxication. These findings showed only partial support for a negative reinforcement model of alcohol use in women with BN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Pisetsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West, 2450 Riverside Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA,Corresponding author: Tel.: (612) 625-1838; fax: (612) 626-5103.
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA,Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 120 8th Street S., Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | | | - James E. Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA,Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 120 8th Street S., Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | - Scott G. Engel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA,Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 120 8th Street S., Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | - Stephen A. Wonderlich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA,Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 120 8th Street S., Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | - Carol B. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West, 2450 Riverside Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Social patterning of overeating, binge eating, compensatory behaviours and symptoms of bulimia nervosa in young adult women: results from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:3158-3168. [PMID: 27329947 PMCID: PMC5217467 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study social patterning of overeating and symptoms of disordered eating in a general population. Design A representative, population-based cohort study. Setting The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH), Survey 1 in 1996 and Survey 2 in 2000. Subjects Women (n 12 599) aged 18–23 years completed a questionnaire survey at baseline, of whom 6866 could be studied prospectively. Results Seventeen per cent of women reported episodes of overeating, 16 % reported binge eating and 10 % reported compensatory behaviours. Almost 4 % of women reported symptoms consistent with bulimia nervosa. Low education, not living with family, perceived financial difficulty (OR=1·8 and 1·3 for women with severe and some financial difficulty, respectively, compared with none) and European language other than English spoken at home (OR=1·5 for European compared with Australian/English) were associated with higher prevalence of binge eating. Furthermore, longitudinal analyses indicated increased risk of persistent binge eating among women with a history of being overweight in childhood, those residing in metropolitan Australia, women with higher BMI, smokers and binge drinkers. Conclusions Overeating, binge eating and symptoms of bulimia nervosa are common among young Australian women and cluster with binge drinking. Perceived financial stress appears to increase the risk of binge eating and bulimia nervosa. It is unclear whether women of European origin and those with a history of childhood overweight carry higher risk of binge eating because of genetic or cultural reasons.
Collapse
|
37
|
Mustelin L, Latvala A, Raevuori A, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Keski-Rahkonen A. Risky drinking behaviors among women with eating disorders-A longitudinal community-based study. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:563-71. [PMID: 27038220 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders and alcohol use disorders often co-occur, but few prospective studies have examined their relationship. Using a large population-based twin sample, we investigated how the drinking behaviors of women with lifetime eating disorders unfold from adolescence to adulthood. METHOD We identified 182 women with a lifetime eating disorder assessed at mean age 24, including 92 women with DSM-5 anorexia nervosa and 58 women with DSM-5 bulimia nervosa, from the 1975-1979 birth cohorts of Finnish twins (N = 2,825 women). Frequency of drinking and intoxicating were assessed at ages 16, 24, and 34. Drinking problems were assessed at ages 24 and 34 by the Malmö-modified Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (Mm-Mast) and the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI). RESULTS At age 16, proportionately more women with eating disorders reported being severely intoxicated when they last drank (25% vs.16%, P = 0.001), and at both surveys in adulthood, they reported more frequent intoxication and more alcohol-related problems than their unaffected peers. Those who had recovered from their eating disorder at age 24 still reported more alcohol-related problems in their 30s than did other women. The age of drinking onset, number of monthly drinking days, or frequency of intoxication in adolescence did not differ between women with lifetime eating disorders and unaffected women. DISCUSSION Women with eating disorders scored higher than their unaffected peers on scales measuring alcohol dependence, alcohol-related problems, and intoxication. These differences persisted from mid-adolescence into young adulthood. Women with eating disorders should be assessed routinely for drinking behaviors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:563-571).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mustelin
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Latvala
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Raevuori
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Peterson CM, Baker JH, Thornton LM, Trace SE, Mazzeo SE, Neale MC, Munn-Chernoff MA, Lichtenstein P, Pedersen NL, Bulik CM. Genetic and environmental components to self-induced vomiting. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:421-7. [PMID: 26711867 PMCID: PMC4834264 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association between the genetic and environmental factors contributing to the liability to having ever engaged in self-induced vomiting (SIV initiation) and the genetic and environmental factors contributing to regular SIV behaviors (weekly or daily) for weight control. METHOD SIV was assessed in 3,942 women from monozygotic twin pairs and 2,790 women from same-sex dizygotic twin pairs, aged 20-47, from the Swedish Twin study of Adults: Genes and Environment. A causal-contingent-common pathway model assessed the extent to which genetic and environmental factors that influence initiation of SIV also influence regular SIV behaviors. RESULTS In the best-fit model, genetic and individual-specific environmental factors influenced liability to SIV initiation. The genetic factors influencing regular SIV behaviors were the same as the genetic factors influencing SIV initiation. Additional individual-specific environmental factors that were unrelated to SIV initiation influenced regular SIV behaviors. DISCUSSION Our findings provide evidence that the underlying liabilities for SIV initiation and regular SIV lie on the same continuum given the degree of overlap in risk between SIV initiation and regular SIV behaviors. Further, the lack of specific genetic factors and the importance of individual-specific environmental factors for regular SIV behaviors highlight the significance of environmental factors in the etiology of eating disorder symptomatology and the non-deterministic nature of genetic factors. Finally, our results suggest that when it comes to preventing individuals from developing regular SIV behavior, intervening at an environmental level is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Peterson
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Sara E. Trace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Mazzeo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael C. Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, USA,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Munn-Chernoff MA, Baker JH. A Primer on the Genetics of Comorbid Eating Disorders and Substance Use Disorders. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2015; 24:91-100. [PMID: 26663753 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently co-occur; however, the reasons for this are unclear. We review the current literature on genetic risk for EDs and SUDs, as well as preliminary findings exploring whether these classes of disorders have overlapping genetic risk. Overall, genetic factors contribute to individual differences in liability to multiple EDs and SUDs. Although initial family studies concluded that no shared familial (which includes genetic) risk between EDs and SUDs exists, twin studies suggest a moderate proportion of shared variance is attributable to overlapping genetic factors, particularly for those EDs characterized by binge eating and/or inappropriate compensatory behaviours. No adoption or molecular genetic studies have examined shared genetic risk between these classes of disorders. Research investigating binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviours using emerging statistical genetic methods, as well as examining gene-environment interplay, will provide important clues into the aetiology of comorbid EDs and SUDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fouladi F, Mitchell JE, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Crow S, Hill L, Le Grange D, Powers P, Steffen KJ. Prevalence of Alcohol and Other Substance Use in Patients with Eating Disorders. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2015; 23:531-6. [PMID: 26415622 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The major aim of this study was to investigate any association between binge eating and purging and alcohol and substance use. METHOD The Eating Disorder Questionnaire was completed by 2966 patients. Each patient was assigned to an approximate diagnostic group based on a DSM-5-based algorithm. RESULTS Patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) used alcohol/other substances with higher frequencies compared to patients with anorexia nervosa-restricting type (AN-R), binge eating disorder (BED), and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS; p < 0.001). Patients with anorexia nervosa-binge eating/purging type (AN-BP) were more likely to use alcohol/substances than those with AN-R [odds ratio for alcohol use: 3.58 (p < 0.01); odds ratio for substance use: 30.14 (p < 0.01)]. Higher frequencies of binge eating and purging were associated with higher frequencies of substance use. DISCUSSION Patients who manifest both binge eating and purging behaviour are at higher risk of substance use which may have important treatment implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Fouladi
- College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - James E Mitchell
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA.,University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA.,University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Scott G Engel
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA.,University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Scott Crow
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,The Emily Program, USA
| | - Laura Hill
- The Center for Balanced Living, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Kristine J Steffen
- College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.,Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Talley AE, Littlefield AK. Pathways Between Concealable Stigmatized Identities and Substance Misuse. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2015; 8:569-582. [PMID: 26379766 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with concealable stigmatized identities often possess no obviously devalued attributes, yet are at greater risk for problematic substance use compared to their privileged counterparts. We present a conceptual model, which proposes that identity-relevant content and characteristics have important implications for cognitive, affective, and behavioral consequences of stigma-related stress. In doing so, we synthesize stigma-related models from the extant literature and attempt to integrate these concepts with previous work detailing potential contributors to substance use behaviors specifically. Finally, we ask readers to consider the various ways in which the content and characteristics of an individual's stigmatized identity might combine with situational and additional individual difference factors to influence the likelihood of substance misuse.
Collapse
|
42
|
Munn-Chernoff MA, Grant JD, Agrawal A, Sartor CE, Werner KB, Bucholz KK, Madden PAF, Heath AC, Duncan AE. Genetic overlap between alcohol use disorder and bulimic behaviors in European American and African American women. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 153:335-40. [PMID: 26096536 PMCID: PMC4509802 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite substantial evidence that alcohol use disorder (AUD) and bulimic behaviors (i.e., binge eating and compensatory behaviors) co-occur, insufficient information exists regarding a possible shared etiology. Moreover, although numerous twin studies of European ancestry individuals have reported moderate heritability estimates for AUD and bulimic behaviors, with little evidence for shared environmental factors, research on genetic and environmental risk in African American (AA) individuals is lacking. METHODS We investigated specific and overlapping genetic and environmental influences on AUD and bulimic behaviors in 3232 European American (EA; 55.38% monozygotic) and 549 AA (42.81% monozygotic) young adult female twins from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study (age range=18-29 years). A structured clinical interview assessed lifetime DSM-5 AUD (minus craving) and bulimic behaviors. Biometrical twin modeling was conducted to generate age-adjusted estimates of genetic and environmental influences on AUD, bulimic behaviors, and their comorbidity. RESULTS Estimates of genetic and environmental contributions on AUD and bulimic behaviors could be equated across EA and AA women. Additive genetic effects accounted for 59% (95% CI: 50%, 66%) and 43% (33%, 52%) of the variance in AUD and bulimic behaviors, respectively, with the remainder due to non-shared environmental effects. Shared genetic factors (rg=.33 (.18, .49)) were solely responsible for the correlation between phenotypes; the non-shared environmental correlation was not significant (re=.10 (-.05, .25)). CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate similar magnitudes of genetic and environmental effects on AUD and bulimic behaviors for EA and AA women and implicate common genetic mechanisms underlying liability to these problem behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia D. Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Carolyn E. Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT
| | - Kimberly B. Werner
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pamela A. F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Alexis E. Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO,George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang A, Fisher AJ, Bailey JO, Kass AE, Wilfley DE, Taylor CB. The self-rating of the effects of alcohol questionnaire predicts heavy episodic drinking in a high-risk eating disorder population. Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:333-6. [PMID: 25359121 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heavy episodic drinking (HED) is a serious problem among college women at high-risk for developing eating disorders (EDs). The main objectives of this study are to determine the relationship of the self-rating of the effects of alcohol (SRE) questionnaire and HED over time, and to determine the effects of relationship breakups on HED among college-aged women at high-risk for EDs. METHOD Data collected from 163 participants in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of an ED prevention program were used in the analyses. Measures included the SRE, obtained at baseline, and self-reports of the number of HED episodes and relationship breakups each month for the past 12 months. RESULTS Generalized linear mixed-effect regression models with Poisson distribution were conducted to test the effects of several variables on reported HED episodes over 12 months. Analyses demonstrated that SRE scores and the presence of a breakup predicted increased HED over time. DISCUSSION The SRE may be useful in identifying individuals at risk of or with EDs who are at increased risk of HED. Furthermore, relationship breakups predict HED. Findings from the current study could be used to inform clinical interventions for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are serious psychiatric conditions influenced by biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. A better understanding of the genetics of these complex traits and the development of more sophisticated molecular biology tools have advanced our understanding of the etiology of EDs. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the literature on the genetic research conducted on three major EDs: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). We will first review the diagnostic criteria, clinical features, prevalence, and prognosis of AN, BN, and BED, followed by a review of family, twin, and adoption studies. We then review the history of genetic studies of EDs covering linkage analysis, candidate gene association studies, genome-wide association studies, and the study of rare variants in EDs. Our review also incorporates a translational perspective by covering animal models of ED-related phenotypes. Finally, we review the nascent field of epigenetics of EDs and a look forward to future directions for ED genetic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Andrew Hardaway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Douzenis A, Michopoulos I. Involuntary admission: the case of anorexia nervosa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2015; 39:31-35. [PMID: 25660351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Involuntary treatment of psychiatric disorders has always been controversial; this is especially true for eating disorders. Patients with anorexia nervosa of life threatening severity frequently refuse psychiatric hospitalization. Ambivalence toward treatment is characteristic of eating disorders and patients are often admitted to inpatient programs under pressure from family and doctors. In this article, we report research on the positive or negative impact of involuntary admission in the treatment of eating disorders, its application and effectiveness as well as the adverse consequences of coercive treatment in eating disorders. A literature review was done. From a total of 134 publications which were retrieved from the literature search, 50 studies were directly relevant to the scope of this review and fulfilled all inclusion criteria. There are trends and arguments for both sides; for and against involuntary treatment in anorexia nervosa. The scientific literature so far is inconclusive, although in the short term, involuntary hospitalization has benefits. This review has also shown that involuntary hospitalization can have adverse long-term consequences for the patient-therapist allegiance. We conclude that in some cases, involuntary treatment can save lives of young patients with anorexia nervosa; however, in other cases, it can break the psychotherapeutic relationship and make the patient abandon treatment. It is the clinician who has to decide for whom and when to approve involuntary treatment or not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Douzenis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Athens, "Attikon" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Michopoulos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Athens, "Attikon" General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aspen V, Weisman H, Vannucci A, Nafiz N, Gredysa D, Kass A, Trockel M, Wilfley DE, Taylor CB. Psychiatric co-morbidity in women presenting across the continuum of disordered eating. Eat Behav 2014; 15:686-93. [PMID: 25462028 PMCID: PMC4303490 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence and correlates of psychiatric co-morbidity across a large sample of college women without an eating disorder, those at high risk for an eating disorder and women diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria for an eating disorder. PARTICIPANTS 549 college women aged 18-25. METHODS Data from the Eating Disorder Examination, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders and self-report questionnaires were analyzed using logistic regression for categorical data and ANCOVA for continuous measures. RESULTS Eating disordered symptomatology was strongly associated with anxiety disorders, mood disorders and insomnia. These co-morbidities (type and severity) tend to increase with eating disorder symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Prevention and treatment programs for eating disorders need to address the high levels of mood, anxiety and sleep problems in this population. The findings on insomnia are novel and suggest that sleep disturbance may play an integral role in eating-related difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Aspen
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Hannah Weisman
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Anna Vannucci
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Najia Nafiz
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Dana Gredysa
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Andrea Kass
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Mickey Trockel
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Denise E. Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - C. Barr Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kirillova G, Reynolds M, Kirisci L, Mosovsky S, Ridenour T, Tarter R, Vanyukov M. Familiality of addiction and its developmental mechanisms in girls. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 143:213-8. [PMID: 25156223 PMCID: PMC4199288 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug use disorders (DUD) have been theorized to share sources of risk variation with other consummatory behaviors. We hypothesized that common mechanisms exist for familial risk for DUD, physiological maturation and nutritional status in girls. Whereas body fat content must exceed a threshold to enable adrenarche and gonadarche, nutritional status may also be a behavior risk indicator. Impaired psychological self-regulation associated with DUD risk may manifest in early overeating, which could in turn accelerate reproductive maturation, resulting in a greater likelihood of affiliation with deviant/older peers and drug use. METHOD The sample consisted of families ascertained through the father who either had (N=95) or did not have (N=130) a DUD, and who had a 10-12 year old daughter and her mother available for study. Correlation, survival and path analyses of three consecutive assessments evaluated the relationships between parental DUD (number of affected parents, NAP), nutritional status (NS, subscapular skinfold measurements and body mass index), sexual maturation (Tanner stage), peer delinquency, and the daughter's lifetime DUD diagnosis. RESULTS NAP was positively related to the girls' nutritional status. Longitudinal path analysis indicated mediation of the relationship between NAP and peer delinquency by sexual maturation. The relationship between NAP and sexual maturation is mediated by NS. The effect of sexual maturation at age ∼11 on the girls' DUD risk is mediated by peer delinquency. CONCLUSION The data are consistent with mediation of intergenerational transmission of DUD risk in females by elevated nutrition, leading to accelerated maturation, and affiliation with deviant peers.
Collapse
|
48
|
Munn-Chernoff MA, Duncan AE, Grant JD, Wade TD, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Madden PAF, Martin NG, Heath AC. A twin study of alcohol dependence, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2014; 74:664-73. [PMID: 23948525 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2013.74.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rates of alcohol dependence are elevated in women with eating disorders who engage in binge eating or compensatory behaviors compared with women with eating disorders who do not report binge eating or compensatory behaviors and with healthy controls. Alcohol dependence, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors are heritable; however, it is unclear whether a shared genetic liability contributes to the phenotypic association among these traits, and little information exists regarding this shared liability in men. We investigated genetic and environmental correlations among alcohol dependence, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors in male and female twins. METHOD Participants included 5,993 same- and opposite-sex twins from the Australian Twin Registry who completed a modified version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism that assessed lifetime alcohol dependence and binge eating as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised. Compensatory behaviors were assessed via a general health questionnaire in women only. Biometrical twin models estimated genetic and environmental influences on alcohol dependence, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors. RESULTS In women, the multivariate twin model suggested that additive genetic and nonshared environmental effects influenced alcohol dependence, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors, with heritability estimates ranging from 38% to 53%. The best-fitting sex-limitation model was a common effects model that equated all genetic and nonshared environmental influences in men and women. The heritability estimates were 50% and 38% for alcohol dependence and binge eating, respectively. Overall, there were significant genetic correlations between alcohol dependence and binge eating, alcohol dependence and compensatory behaviors, and binge eating and compensatory behaviors. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that common genetic factors may underlie the vulnerability to alcohol dependence and the liability to binge eating and compensatory behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Munn-Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Slane JD, Klump KL, McGue M, Iacono G. Genetic and environmental factors underlying comorbid bulimic behaviours and alcohol use disorders: a moderating role for the dysregulated personality cluster? EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2014; 22:159-69. [PMID: 24616026 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Women with bulimia nervosa (BN) frequently have co-occurring alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Studies of shared genetic transmission of these disorders have been mixed. Personality heterogeneity among individuals with BN may explain discrepant findings. Cluster analysis has characterized women with BN in groups on the basis of personality profiles. One group, the Dysregulated cluster, characterized largely by behavioural disinhibition and emotional dysregulation may be more closely linked etiologically to AUDs. This study examined whether genetic associations between BN and AUDs are the strongest among the Dysregulated cluster. Symptoms of BN and AUDs were assessed in female twins at ages 17 and 25 years from the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Personality clusters were defined using the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Twin moderation models suggested small-to-moderate common genetic transmission between BN and AUDs. However, shared genetic effects did not differ by personality cluster. Findings suggest that personality clusters are unlikely to account for inconsistent findings regarding their shared aetiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Slane
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gregorowski C, Seedat S, Jordaan GP. A clinical approach to the assessment and management of co-morbid eating disorders and substance use disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:289. [PMID: 24200300 PMCID: PMC4226257 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research has shown that eating disorder (ED) patients who abuse substances demonstrate worse ED symptomatology and poorer outcomes than those with EDs alone, including increased general medical complications and psychopathology, longer recovery times, poorer functional outcomes and higher relapse rates. This article provides a broad overview of the prevalence, aetiology, assessment and management of co-morbid EDs and substance use disorders (SUDs). REVIEW The co-occurrence of EDs and SUDs is high. The functional relationship between EDs and SUDs vary within and across ED subtypes, depends on the class of substance, and needs to be carefully assessed for each patient. Substances such as caffeine, tobacco, insulin, thyroid medications, stimulants or over the counter medications (laxatives, diuretics) may be used to aid weight loss and/or provide energy, and alcohol or psychoactive substances could be used for emotional regulation or as part of a pattern of impulsive behaviour. A key message conveyed in the current literature is the importance of screening and assessment for co-morbid SUDs and EDs in patients presenting with either disorder. There is a paucity of treatment studies on the management of co-occurring EDs and SUDs. Overall, the literature indicates that the ED and SUD should be addressed simultaneously using a multi-disciplinary approach. The need for medical stabilization, hospitalization or inpatient treatment needs to be assessed based on general medical and psychiatric considerations. Common features across therapeutic interventions include psycho-education about the aetiological commonalities, risks and sequelae of concurrent ED behaviours and substance abuse, dietary education and planning, cognitive challenging of eating disordered attitudes and beliefs, building of skills and coping mechanisms, addressing obstacles to improvement and the prevention of relapse. Emphasis should be placed on building a collaborative therapeutic relationship and avoiding power struggles. Cognitive behavioural therapy has been frequently used in the treatment of co-morbid EDs and SUDs, however there are no randomized controlled trials. More recently evidence has been found for the efficacy of dialectical behavioural therapy in reducing both ED and substance use behaviours. CONCLUSION Future research would benefit from a meta-analysis of the current research in order to better understand the relationships between these two commonly co-occurring disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gregorowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Gerhard P Jordaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|