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Cook AM, Rezende EL, Petrou K, Leigh A. Beyond a single temperature threshold: Applying a cumulative thermal stress framework to plant heat tolerance. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14416. [PMID: 38549256 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Most plant thermal tolerance studies focus on single critical thresholds, which limit the capacity to generalise across studies and predict heat stress under natural conditions. In animals and microbes, thermal tolerance landscapes describe the more realistic, cumulative effects of temperature. We tested this in plants by measuring the decline in leaf photosynthetic efficiency (FV/FM) following a combination of temperatures and exposure times and then modelled these physiological indices alongside recorded environmental temperatures. We demonstrate that a general relationship between stressful temperatures and exposure durations can be effectively employed to quantify and compare heat tolerance within and across plant species and over time. Importantly, we show how FV/FM curves translate to plants under natural conditions, suggesting that environmental temperatures often impair photosynthetic function. Our findings provide more robust descriptors of heat tolerance in plants and suggest that heat tolerance in disparate groups of organisms can be studied with a single predictive framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Cook
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Enrico L Rezende
- Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherina Petrou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andy Leigh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
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Wang S, Zhou X, Pan K, Zhang H, Shen X, Luo J, Li Y, Chen Y, Wang W. Distinct heat response molecular mechanisms emerge in cassava vasculature compared to leaf mesophyll tissue under high temperature stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1281436. [PMID: 38098787 PMCID: PMC10720452 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1281436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
With growing concerns over global warming, cultivating heat-tolerant crops has become paramount to prepare for the anticipated warmer climate. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a vital tropical crop, demonstrates exceptional growth and productivity under high-temperature (HT) conditions. Yet, studies elucidating HT resistance mechanisms in cassava, particularly within vascular tissues, are rare. We dissected the leaf mid-vein from leaf, and did the comparative transcriptome profiling between mid-vein and leaf to figure out the cassava vasculature HT resistance molecular mechanism. Anatomical microscopy revealed that cassava leaf veins predominantly consisted of vasculature. A thermal imaging analysis indicated that cassava experienced elevated temperatures, coinciding with a reduction in photosynthesis. Transcriptome sequencing produced clean reads in total of 89.17G. Using Venn enrichment, there were 65 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 93 DEGs had been found highly specifically expressed in leaf and mid-vein. Further investigation disclosed that leaves enhanced pyruvate synthesis as a strategy to withstand high temperatures, while mid-veins fortified themselves by bolstering lignin synthesis by comprehensive GO and KEGG analysis of DEGs. The identified genes in these metabolic pathways were corroborated through quantity PCR (QPCR), with results aligning with the transcriptomic data. To verify the expression localization of DEGs, we used in situ hybridization experiments to identify the expression of MeCCoAMT(caffeoyl-coenzyme A-3-O-methyltransferase) in the lignin synthesis pathway in cassava leaf veins xylem. These findings unravel the disparate thermotolerance mechanisms exhibited by cassava leaves and mid-veins, offering insights that could potentially inform strategies for enhancing thermotolerance in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Xincheng Zhou
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Kun Pan
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Hainan Ouality Monitoring and Technology Service Center for Chinese Materia MedicaRaw Materials, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Huaifang Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Xu Shen
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Jia Luo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
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Guo Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Chen Q, Wen J, Tang J, Song H, Liu T, Lv B, Kang D, Gao S, Chen Z. Integrated multi-omic data and analyses reveal the response pathways of to high-temperature stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14112. [PMID: 38148228 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
With the intensification of the greenhouse effect and the continuous rise of global temperature, high temperatures in summer seriously affect the growth of green onion (Allium fistulosum L.var.caespitosum Makino) and reduce its yield and quality. It is important to study the mechanism of heat tolerance in green onion for selecting and breeding new varieties with high-temperature tolerance. In this study, we used the heat-tolerant green onion variety AF60 and heat-sensitive green onion variety AF35 and measured their physiological indexes under different durations of heat stress. The results showed that high-temperature stress adversely affected the water content, protein composition and antioxidant system of green onion. In addition, a comprehensive analysis using transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that heat-tolerant green onions responded positively to heat stress by up-regulating the expression of heat shock proteins, whereas heat-sensitive green onions responded to heat stress by activating the galactose metabolic pathway and maintained normal physiological activities. This study revealed the physiological performance and high-temperature response pathways of different heat-tolerant green onion cultivars under heat stress. The results further deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanism of green onion's heat stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Junli Wen
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Huanzhong Song
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Touming Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bingsheng Lv
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dexian Kang
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Song Gao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhendong Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Barratt GE, Murchie EH, Sparkes DL. Water use efficiency responses to fluctuating soil water availability in contrasting commercial sugar beet varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119321. [PMID: 36968376 PMCID: PMC10034331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many areas of sugar beet production will face hotter and drier summers as the climate changes. There has been much research on drought tolerance in sugar beet but water use efficiency (WUE) has been less of a focus. An experiment was undertaken to examine how fluctuating soil water deficits effect WUE from the leaf to the crop level and identify if sugar beet acclimates to water deficits to increase WUE in the longer term. Two commercial sugar beet varieties with contrasting upright and prostrate canopies were examined to identify if WUE differs due to contrasting canopy architecture. The sugar beet were grown under four different irrigation regimes (fully irrigated, single drought, double drought and continually water limited) in large 610 L soil boxes in an open ended polytunnel. Measurements of leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and relative water content (RWC) were regularly undertaken and stomatal density, sugar and biomass yields and the associated WUE, SLW and Δ13C were assessed. The results showed that water deficits generally increase intrinsic (WUEi) and dry matter (WUEDM) water use efficiency but reduce yield. Sugar beet recovered fully after severe water deficits, as assessed by leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and, except for reducing canopy size, showed no other acclimation to drought, and therefore no changes in WUE or drought avoidance. Spot measurements of WUEi, showed no differences between the two varieties but the prostrate variety showed lower Δ13C values, and traits associated with more water conservative phenotypes of a lower stomatal density and greater leaf RWC. Leaf chlorophyll content was affected by water deficit but the relationship with WUE was unclear. The difference in Δ13C values between the two varieties suggests traits associated with greater WUEi may be linked to canopy architecture.
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Gong XW, Hao GY. The synergistic effect of hydraulic and thermal impairments accounts for the severe crown damage in Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings following the combined drought-heatwave stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159017. [PMID: 36167124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought combined with extreme heatwaves has been increasingly identified as the important trigger of worldwide tree mortality in the context of climate change; nonetheless, our understanding of the potential hydraulic and thermal impairments of hot droughts to trees and the subsequent post-recovery process remains limited. To investigate the response of tree water and carbon relations to drought, heatwave, and combined drought-heatwave stresses, three-year-old potted seedlings of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., a dominant tree species in temperate forests of northeast China, were grown under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions and exposed to a rapid, acute heatwave treatment. During the heatwave treatment with a maximum temperature exceeding 40 °C for two days, the leaf temperature of drought-stressed seedlings was, on average, 5 °C higher than that of well-watered counterparts due to less effective evaporative cooling, indicating that soil water availability influenced leaf thermoregulatory capacity during hot extremes. Consistently, more pronounced crown damage, as shown by 13 % irreversible leaf scorch, was found in seedlings under the drought-heatwave treatment relative to sole heatwave treatment, alongside the more severe stem xylem embolism and leaf electrolyte leakage. While the heatwave treatment accelerated the depletion of non-structural carbohydrates in drought-stressed seedlings, the increase of branch soluble sugar concentration in response to heatwave might be related to the requirement for maintaining hydraulic functioning via osmoregulation under high dehydration risk. The coordination between leaf stomatal conductance and total non-structural carbohydrate content during the post-heatwave recovery phase implied that plant-water relations and carbon physiology were closely coupled in coping with hot droughts. This study highlights that, under scenarios of aggravating drought co-occurring with heatwaves, tree seedlings could face a high risk of crown decline in relation to the synergistically increased hydraulic and thermal impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guang-You Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Zhu H, Wu Y, Zheng Y. Effects of heat shock on photosynthesis-related characteristics and lipid profile of Cycas multipinnata and C. panzhihuaensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:442. [PMID: 36109687 PMCID: PMC9476270 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycas multipinnata and C. panzhihuaensis are two attractive ornamental tree species. With the global climate change, the temperature in the natural habitats of both the species shows a marked rising trend. However, how the two species respond to extreme high temperatures are not clear. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content, chloroplast ultrastructure and lipid metabolism in the two species were determined following plant exposure to heat stress. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the photosynthetic efficiency decreased significantly in both the species following heat shock and recovery, but to a greater extent in C. panzhihuaensis. Compared to the control, chlorophyll content of C. multipinnata did not change significantly following heat stress and recovery. However, chlorophyll content of C. panzhihuaensis increased significantly after 1 d of recovery in comparison with the control. Chloroplast ultrastructures of C. panzhihuaensis were more severely affected by heat shock than C. multipinnata. C. multipinnata and C. panzhihuaensis followed a similar change trend in the amounts of most of the lipid categories after heat stress. However, only the amounts of lysophospholipids and fatty acyls differed significantly between the two species following heat treatment. Additionally, the unsaturation levels of the major lipid classes in C. multipinnata were significantly lower than or equal to those in C. panzhihuaensis. CONCLUSIONS C. multipinnata was less affected by extremely high temperatures than C. panzhihuaensis. The differential stability of chlorophyll and chloroplast ultrastructure and the differential adjustment of lipid metabolism might contribute to the different responses to heat shock between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China.
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Li L, Li J, Wang X, Wang W, Leung F, Liu X, Wang C. Growth reduction and alteration of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) allocation in a sympodial bamboo (Indocalamus decorus) under atmospheric O 3 enrichment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154096. [PMID: 35218839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Regional increases in atmospheric O3, mainly produced photochemically from anthropogenic precursor gases, have phytotoxicity due to its strong oxidizing properties. To determine the response of bamboo physiology to elevated O3 levels, three-year-old dwarf bamboo (Indocalamus decorus) clones were exposed to three O3 concentrations (Ambient-AA, 21.3 to 80.9 ppb in the daytime; -AA+70, 70 ppb O3 above ambient; -AA+140, 140 ppb O3 above ambient) in open-top chambers for one growing season in Beijing, China. Gas exchange, biomass, growth, soluble sugar, and starch contents were examined at the end of the experiment. Our findings indicated that: (1) elevated O3 treatments decreased the photosynthesis rate, total biomass, and bud numbers but increased individual bud biomass and rhizome bud to rhizome biomass ratio. The most severe reduction was observed in new rhizome biomass (35.9% reduction in AA+70 and 57.2% reduction in AA+140), whereas individual bud biomass increased by 50% and 75% in the AA+70 and AA+140 groups compared with AA, respectively; (2) the starch contents in the rhizome decreased by 28.4%, whereas soluble sugar increased by 38.1% in the AA+140 rhizome buds compared to AA; (3) only the culm numbers of pachymorph rhizomes (clumped) decreased, whereas no changes in leptomorph rhizomes were observed. However, the mean distance between two ramets was lengthened by 49.4% and 86.5% in AA+70 and AA+140, respectively. In conclusion, Indocalamus decorus allocated more nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) from the rhizome to the buds to form stronger buds and ensure the survival of newer generations as a high priority in response to O3 exposure. Indocalamus decorus may be conducive to escaping from disadvantaged habitats and decreasing resource competition by lengthening the distance between two ramets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Felix Leung
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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Liu B, Kaurilind E, Zhang L, Okereke CN, Remmel T, Niinemets Ü. Improved plant heat shock resistance is introduced differently by heat and insect infestation: the role of volatile emission traits. Oecologia 2022; 199:53-68. [PMID: 35471619 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses confronted by plants under global climate change. Plant exposure to abiotic or biotic stress can improve its tolerance to subsequent severe episodes of the same or different stress (stress priming), but so far there is limited comparative information about how pre-exposures to different abiotic and biotic elicitors alter plant resistance to severe heat stress. We exposed the perennial herb Melilotus albus Medik., a species rich in secondary metabolites, to moderate heat stress (35 °C) and greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum West.) infestation to comparatively determine whether both pre-treatments could enhance plant tolerance to the subsequent heat shock (45 °C) stress. Plant physiological responses to stress were characterized by photosynthetic traits and volatile organic compound emissions through 72 h recovery. Heat shock treatment reduced net assimilation rate (A) and stomatal conductance in all plants, but heat-primed plants had significantly faster rates of recovery of A than other plants. By the end of the recovery period, A in none of the three heat shock-stressed groups recovered to the control level, but in whitefly-infested plants it reached the pre-heat shock level. In heat-primed plants, the heat shock treatment was associated with a fast rise of monoterpene emissions, and in whitefly-infested plants with benzenoid emissions and an increase in total phenolic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Chikodinaka N Okereke
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triinu Remmel
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.,Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia
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Gautam H, Fatma M, Sehar Z, Iqbal N, Albaqami M, Khan NA. Exogenously-Sourced Ethylene Positively Modulates Photosynthesis, Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Antioxidant Defense to Enhance Heat Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031031. [PMID: 35162955 PMCID: PMC8835467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of exogenously-applied ethylene sourced from ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid)was studied on photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and high-temperature stress tolerance in Taipei-309 and Rasi cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Heat stress increased the content of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)more in Rasi than Taipei-309. Further, a significant decline in sucrose, starch, and carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activity and photosynthesis was also observed in response to heat stress. The application of ethephon reduced H2O2 and TBARS content by enhancing the enzymatic antioxidant defense system and improved carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, and growth more conspicuously in Taipei-309 under heat stress. The ethephon application enhanced photosynthesis by up-regulating the psbA and psbB genes of photosystem II in heat-stressed plants. Interestingly, foliar application of ethephoneffectively down-regulated high-temperature-stress-induced elevated ethylene biosynthesis gene expression. Overall, ethephon application optimized ethylene levels under high-temperature stress to regulate the antioxidant enzymatic system and carbohydrate metabolism, reducing the adverse effects on photosynthesis. These findings suggest that ethylene regulates photosynthesis via carbohydrate metabolism and the antioxidant system, thereby influencing high-temperature stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Gautam
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (H.G.); (M.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (H.G.); (M.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (H.G.); (M.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (H.G.); (M.F.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (N.A.K.)
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Rehschuh R, Rehschuh S, Gast A, Jakab AL, Lehmann MM, Saurer M, Gessler A, Ruehr NK. Tree allocation dynamics beyond heat and hot drought stress reveal changes in carbon storage, belowground translocation and growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:687-704. [PMID: 34668198 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heatwaves combined with drought affect tree functioning with as yet undetermined legacy effects on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) allocation. We continuously monitored shoot and root gas exchange, δ13 CO2 of respiration and stem growth in well-watered and drought-treated Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) seedlings exposed to increasing daytime temperatures (max. 42°C) and evaporative demand. Following stress release, we used 13 CO2 canopy pulse-labeling, supplemented by soil-applied 15 N, to determine allocation to plant compartments, respiration and soil microbial biomass (SMB) over 2.5 wk. Previously heat-treated seedlings rapidly translocated 13 C along the long-distance transport path, to root respiration (Rroot ; 7.1 h) and SMB (3 d). Furthermore, 13 C accumulated in branch cellulose, suggesting secondary growth enhancement. However, in recovering drought-heat seedlings, the mean residence time of 13 C in needles increased, whereas C translocation to Rroot was delayed (13.8 h) and 13 C incorporated into starch rather than cellulose. Concurrently, we observed stress-induced low N uptake and aboveground allocation. C and N allocation during early recovery were affected by stress type and impact. Although C uptake increased quickly in both treatments, drought-heat in combination reduced the above-belowground coupling and starch accumulated in leaves at the expense of growth. Accordingly, C allocation during recovery depends on phloem translocation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Rehschuh
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Stephanie Rehschuh
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Andreas Gast
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Andrea-Livia Jakab
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental System Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Nadine K Ruehr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
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11
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Cambou A, Thaler P, Clément-Vidal A, Barthès BG, Charbonnier F, Van den Meersche K, Aguilar Vega ME, Avelino J, Davrieux F, Labouisse JP, de Melo Virginio Filho E, Deleporte P, Brunet D, Lehner P, Roupsard O. Concurrent starch accumulation in stump and high fruit production in coffee (Coffea arabica). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2308-2325. [PMID: 34046676 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In coffee, fruit production on a given shoot drops after some years of high yield, triggering pruning to induce resprouting. The timing of pruning is a crucial farmer's decision affecting yield and labour. One reason for fruit production drop could be the exhaustion of resources, particularly the non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). To test this hypothesis in a Coffea L. arabica agroforestry system, we measured the concentrations of NSC, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in leaves, stems and stumps of the coffee plants, 2 and 5 years after pruning. We also compared shaded vs full sun plants. For that purpose, both analytical reference and visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VNIRS) methods were used. As expected, concentrations of biochemical variables linked to photosynthesis activity (N, glucose, fructose, sucrose) decreased from leaves to stems, and then to stumps. In contrast, variables linked more closely to plant structure and reserves (total C, C:N ratio, starch concentration) were higher in long lifespan organs like stumps. Shading had little effect on most measured parameters, contrary to expectations. Concentrations of N, glucose and fructose were higher in 2-year-old organs. Conversely, starch concentration in perennial stumps was three times higher 5 years after pruning than 2 years after pruning, despite high fruit production. Therefore, the drop in fruit production occurring after 5-6 years was not due to a lack of NSC on plant scale. Starch accumulation in perennial organs concurrently to other sinks, such as fruit growth, could be considered as a 'survival' strategy, which may be a relic of the behaviour of wild coffee (a tropical shade-tolerant plant). This study confirmed that VNIRS is a promisingly rapid and cost-effective option for starch monitoring (coefficient of determination for validation, R2val = 0.91), whereas predictions were less accurate for soluble sugars, probably due to their too similar spectral signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Cambou
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Philippe Thaler
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Anne Clément-Vidal
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Bernard G Barthès
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Fabien Charbonnier
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
- CONACyT El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera panamericana y periférico sur s/n, Barrio María Auxiliadora, 29290 San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México
| | - Karel Van den Meersche
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
- CATIE, Agroforestry and Coffee and Cocoa Breeding Research Unit, 7170 Turrialba, 30501 Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Maria E Aguilar Vega
- CATIE, Agroforestry and Coffee and Cocoa Breeding Research Unit, 7170 Turrialba, 30501 Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Jacques Avelino
- CATIE, Agroforestry and Coffee and Cocoa Breeding Research Unit, 7170 Turrialba, 30501 Cartago, Costa Rica
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, 7170 Turrialba, 30501 Cartago, Costa Rica
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Fabrice Davrieux
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Université de La Réunion, rue Jean-François Breton, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, rue Joseph Wetzell, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Labouisse
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Philippe Deleporte
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Didier Brunet
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Peter Lehner
- Cafetalera Aquiares S.A., 7150 Turrialba, 30501 Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Olivier Roupsard
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
- CATIE, Agroforestry and Coffee and Cocoa Breeding Research Unit, 7170 Turrialba, 30501 Cartago, Costa Rica
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Route des Hydrocarbures, BP 1386, Dakar CP 18524, Senegal
- LMI IESOL, Centre IRD-ISRA de Bel Air, Route des Hydrocarbures, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal
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12
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Pincebourde S, Ngao J. The Impact of Phloem Feeding Insects on Leaf Ecophysiology Varies With Leaf Age. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:625689. [PMID: 34335637 PMCID: PMC8322987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.625689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore insects have strong impacts on leaf gas exchange when feeding on the plant. Leaf age also drives leaf gas exchanges but the interaction of leaf age and phloem herbivory has been largely underexplored. We investigated the amplitude and direction of herbivore impact on leaf gas exchange across a wide range of leaf age in the apple tree-apple green aphid (Aphis pomi) system. We measured the gas exchange (assimilation and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration) of leaves infested versus non-infested by the aphid across leaf age. For very young leaves up to 15 days-old, the gas exchange rates of infested leaves were similar to those of non-infested leaves. After few days, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate increased in infested leaves up to about the age of 30 days, and gradually decreased after that age. By contrast, gas exchanges in non-infested leaves gradually decreased across leaf age such that they were always lower than in infested leaves. Aphids were observed on relatively young leaves up to 25 days and despite the positive effect on leaf photosynthesis and leaf performance, their presence negatively affected the growth rate of apple seedlings. Indeed, aphids decreased leaf dry mass, leaf surface, and leaf carbon content except in old leaves. By contrast, aphids induced an increase in leaf nitrogen content and the deviation relative to non-infested leaves increased with leaf age. Overall, the impacts of aphids at multiple levels of plant performance depend on leaf age. While aphids cause an increase in some leaf traits (gas exchanges and nitrogen content), they also depress others (plant growth rate and carbon content). The balance between those effects, as modulated by leaf age, may be the key for herbivory mitigation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Pincebourde
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jérôme Ngao
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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13
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Liu B, Zhang L, Rusalepp L, Kaurilind E, Sulaiman HY, Püssa T, Niinemets Ü. Heat priming improved heat tolerance of photosynthesis, enhanced terpenoid and benzenoid emission and phenolics accumulation in Achillea millefolium. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2365-2385. [PMID: 32583881 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of heat priming, triggering alteration of secondary metabolite pathway fluxes and pools to enhance heat tolerance is not well understood. Achillea millefolium is an important medicinal herbal plant, rich in terpenoids and phenolics. In this study, the potential of heat priming treatment (35°C for 1 hr) to enhance tolerance of Achillea plants upon subsequent heat shock (45°C for 5 min) stress was investigated through recovery (0.5-72 hr). The priming treatment itself had minor impacts on photosynthesis, led to moderate increases in the emission of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway volatiles and isoprene, and to major elicitation of monoterpene and benzaldehyde emissions in late stages of recovery. Upon subsequent heat shock, in primed plants, the rise in LOX and reduction in photosynthetic rate (A) was much less, stomatal conductance (gs ) was initially enhanced, terpene emissions were greater and recovery of A occurred faster, indicating enhanced heat tolerance. Additionally, primed plants accumulated higher contents of total phenolics and condensed tannins at the end of the recovery. These results collectively indicate that heat priming improved photosynthesis upon subsequent heat shock by enhancing gs and synthesis of volatile and non-volatile secondary compounds with antioxidative characteristics, thereby maintaining the integrity of leaf membranes under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Linda Rusalepp
- Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hassan Yusuf Sulaiman
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Püssa
- Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Diurnal evolution of urban tree temperature at a city scale. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10491. [PMID: 34006981 PMCID: PMC8131592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89972-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of urban trees’ surface temperature in assessing micro-climate interactions between trees and the surrounding environment, their diurnal evolution has been largely understudied at a city-wide scale due to a lack of effective thermal observations. By downscaling ECOSTRESS land surface temperature imaginary over New York City, we provide the first diurnal analysis of city-scale canopy temperature. Research reveals a remarkable spatial variation of the canopy temperature during daytime up to 5.6 K (standard deviation, STD), while the nighttime STD remains low at 1.7 K. Further, our analysis shows that the greenspace coverage and distance to bluespaces play an important role in cooling the local canopy during daytime, explaining 25.0–41.1% of daytime spatial variation of canopy temperatures while surrounding buildings modulate canopy temperature asymmetrically diurnally: reduced daytime warming and reduced nocturnal cooling. Built on space-borne observations and a flexible yet robust statistical method, our research design can be easily transferable to explore urban trees’ response to local climate across cities, highlighting the potentials of advancing the science and technologies for urban forest management.
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15
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Performance of a process-based model for predicting robusta coffee yield at the regional scale in Vietnam. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Svensk M, Coste S, Gérard B, Gril E, Julien F, Maillard P, Stahl C, Leroy C. Drought effects on resource partition and conservation among leaf ontogenetic stages in epiphytic tank bromeliads. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:488-507. [PMID: 32623731 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studying the response to drought stress of keystone epiphytes such as tank bromeliads is essential to better understand their resistance capacity to future climate change. The objective was to test whether there is any variation in the carbon, water and nutrient status among different leaf ontogenetic stages in a bromeliad rosette subjected to a gradient of drought stress. We used a semi-controlled experiment consisting in a gradient of water shortage in Aechmea aquilega and Lutheria splendens. For each bromeliad and drought treatment, three leaves were collected based on their position in the rosette and several functional traits related to water and nutrient status, and carbon metabolism were measured. We found that water status traits (relative water content, leaf succulence, osmotic and midday water potentials) and carbon metabolism traits (carbon assimilation, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, chlorophyll and starch contents) decreased with increasing drought stress, while leaf soluble sugars and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents remained unchanged. The different leaf ontogenetic stages showed only marginal variations when subjected to a gradient of drought. Resources were not reallocated between different leaf ontogenetic stages but we found a reallocation of soluble sugars from leaf starch reserves to the root system. Both species were capable of metabolic and physiological adjustments in response to drought. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the resistance of bromeliads faced with increasing drought stress and paves the way for in-depth reflection on their strategies to cope with water shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Svensk
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
- Grazing Systems, Agroscope, Route de Duillier 50, Nyon, 1260, Suisse
| | - Sabrina Coste
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Bastien Gérard
- INRAE, UMR Silva, AgroParisTech, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Eva Gril
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
- UMR 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisées' (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Univ. de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Frédéric Julien
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Pascale Maillard
- INRAE, UMR Silva, AgroParisTech, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Clément Stahl
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Céline Leroy
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
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17
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Nogales A, Ribeiro H, Nogales-Bueno J, Hansen LD, Gonçalves EF, Coito JL, Rato AE, Peixe A, Viegas W, Cardoso H. Response of Mycorrhizal 'Touriga Nacional' Variety Grapevines to High Temperatures Measured by Calorespirometry and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1499. [PMID: 33167584 PMCID: PMC7694551 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress negatively affects several physiological and biochemical processes in grapevine plants. In this work, two new methods, calorespirometry, which has been used to determine temperature adaptation in plants, and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which has been used to determine several grapevine-related traits and to discriminate among varieties, were tested to evaluate grapevine response to high temperatures. 'Touriga Nacional' variety grapevines, inoculated or not with Rhizoglomus irregulare or Funneliformis mosseae, were used in this study. Calorespirometric parameters and NIR spectra, as well as other parameters commonly used to assess heat injury in plants, were measured before and after high temperature exposure. Growth rate and substrate carbon conversion efficiency, calculated from calorespirometric measurements, and stomatal conductance, were the most sensitive parameters for discriminating among high temperature responses of control and inoculated grapevines. The results revealed that, although this vine variety can adapt its physiology to temperatures up to 40 °C, inoculation with R. irregulare could additionally help to sustain its growth, especially after heat shocks. Therefore, the combination of calorespirometry together with gas exchange measurements is a promising strategy for screening grapevine heat tolerance under controlled conditions and has high potential to be implemented in initial phases of plant breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Nogales
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.F.G.); (J.L.C.); (W.V.)
| | - Hugo Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (H.R.); (J.N.-B.); (A.E.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Julio Nogales-Bueno
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (H.R.); (J.N.-B.); (A.E.R.); (A.P.)
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lee D. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Elsa F. Gonçalves
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.F.G.); (J.L.C.); (W.V.)
| | - João Lucas Coito
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.F.G.); (J.L.C.); (W.V.)
| | - Ana Elisa Rato
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (H.R.); (J.N.-B.); (A.E.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Augusto Peixe
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (H.R.); (J.N.-B.); (A.E.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Wanda Viegas
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.F.G.); (J.L.C.); (W.V.)
| | - Hélia Cardoso
- MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
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18
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Bui LT, Shukla V, Giorgi FM, Trivellini A, Perata P, Licausi F, Giuntoli B. Differential submergence tolerance between juvenile and adult Arabidopsis plants involves the ANAC017 transcription factor. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:979-994. [PMID: 32860440 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants need to attune their stress responses to the ongoing developmental programmes to maximize their efficacy. For instance, successful submergence adaptation is often associated with a delicate balance between saving resources and their expenditure to activate measures that allow stress avoidance or attenuation. We observed a significant decrease in submergence tolerance associated with ageing in Arabidopsis thaliana, with a critical step between 2 and 3 weeks of post-germination development. This sensitization to flooding was concomitant with the transition from juvenility to adulthood. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that a group of genes related to abscisic acid and oxidative stress response was more highly expressed in juvenile plants than in adult ones. These genes are induced by the endomembrane tethered transcription factor ANAC017 that was in turn activated by submergence-associated oxidative stress. A combination of molecular, biochemical and genetic analyses showed that these genes are located in genomic regions that move towards a heterochromatic state with adulthood, as marked by lysine 4 trimethylation of histone H3. We concluded that, while the mechanisms of flooding stress perception and signal transduction were unaltered between juvenile and adult phases, the sensitivity that these mechanisms set into action is integrated, via epigenetic regulation, into the developmental programme of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liem T Bui
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vinay Shukla
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Pharmacology and Biotechnology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Pierdomenico Perata
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Licausi
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Pharmacology and Biotechnology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Giuntoli
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Pharmacology and Biotechnology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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19
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de Oliveira RR, Ribeiro THC, Cardon CH, Fedenia L, Maia VA, Barbosa BCF, Caldeira CF, Klein PE, Chalfun-Junior A. Elevated Temperatures Impose Transcriptional Constraints and Elicit Intraspecific Differences Between Coffee Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1113. [PMID: 32849685 PMCID: PMC7396624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The projected impact of global warming on coffee production may require the heat-adapted genotypes in the next decades. To identify cellular strategies in response to warmer temperatures, we compared the effect of elevated temperature on two commercial Coffea arabica L. genotypes exploring leaf physiology, transcriptome, and carbohydrate/protein composition. Growth temperatures were 23/19°C (day/night), as optimal condition (OpT), and 30/26°C (day/night) as a possible warmer scenario (WaT). The cv. Acauã showed lower levels of leaf temperature (Tleaf) under both conditions compared to cv. Catuaí, whereas slightly or no differences for other leaf physiological parameters. Therefore, to explore temperature responsive pathways the leaf transcriptome was examined using RNAseq. Genotypes showed a marked number of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) under OpT, however DEGs strongly decrease in both at WaT condition indicating a transcriptional constraint. DEGs responsive to WaT revealed shared and genotype-specific genes mostly related to carbohydrate metabolism. Under OpT, leaf starch content was greater in cv. Acauã and, as WaT temperature was imposed, the leaf soluble sugar did not change in contrast to cv. Catuaí, although the levels of leaf starch, sucrose, and leaf protein decreased in both genotypes. These findings revealed intraspecific differences in the underlying transcriptional and metabolic interconnected pathways responsive to warmer temperatures, which is potentially linked to thermotolerance, and thus may be useful as biomarkers in breeding for a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Henrique Cardon
- Plant Physiology Sector, Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Lauren Fedenia
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Cecílio Frois Caldeira
- Plant Physiology Sector, Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Patricia E. Klein
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Antonio Chalfun-Junior
- Plant Physiology Sector, Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
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20
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Ruocco M, De Luca P, Marín-Guirao L, Procaccini G. Differential Leaf Age-Dependent Thermal Plasticity in the Keystone Seagrass Posidonia oceanica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1556. [PMID: 31850036 PMCID: PMC6900526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Gene-expression patterns and their upstream regulatory mechanisms (e.g. epigenetic) are known to modulate plant acclimatability and thus tolerance to heat stress. Within species, thermal plasticity (i.e. temperature-sensitive phenotypic plasticity) and differential thermo-tolerance are recognized among different genotypes, development stages, organs or tissues. Leaf age and lifespan have been demonstrated to strongly affect photosynthetic thermo-tolerance in terrestrial species, whereas there is no information available for marine plants. Materials and Methods: Here, we investigated how an intense warming event affects molecular and photo-physiological functions in the large-sized seagrass Posidonia oceanica, at fine spatial resolution. Plants were exposed for one week at 34°C in a controlled-mesocosm system. Subsequent variations in the expression of 12 target genes and global DNA methylation level were evaluated in three leaf-age sections (i.e. basal, medium and high) established along the longitudinal axis of youngest, young and fully mature leaves of the shoot. Targeted genes were involved in photosynthesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, energy dissipation mechanisms, stress response and programmed cell death. Molecular analyses paralleled the assessment of pigment content and photosynthetic performance of the same leaf segments, as well as of plant growth inhibition under acute warming. Results: Our data revealed, for the first time, the presence of variable leaf age-dependent stress-induced epigenetic and gene-expression changes in seagrasses, underlying photo-physiological and growth responses to heat stress. An investment in protective responses and growth arrest was observed in immature tissues; while mature leaf sections displayed a higher ability to offset gene down-regulation, possibly through the involvement of DNA methylation changes, although heat-induced damages were visible at photo-physiological level. Discussion: Overall, mature and young leaf tissues exhibited different strategies to withstand heat stress and thus a variable thermal plasticity. This should be taken in consideration when addressing seagrass response to warming and other stressors, especially in large-sized species, where sharp age differences are present within and among leaves, and other gradients of environmental factors (e.g. light) could be at play. Molecular and physiological evaluations conducted only on adult leaf tissues, as common practice in seagrass research, could give inadequate estimates of the overall plant state, and should not be considered as a proxy for the whole shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ruocco
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Luca
- Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Lázaro Marín-Guirao
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
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Menezes‐Silva PE, Loram‐Lourenço L, Alves RDFB, Sousa LF, Almeida SEDS, Farnese FS. Different ways to die in a changing world: Consequences of climate change for tree species performance and survival through an ecophysiological perspective. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11979-11999. [PMID: 31695903 PMCID: PMC6822037 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities such as uncontrolled deforestation and increasing greenhouse gas emissions are responsible for triggering a series of environmental imbalances that affect the Earth's complex climate dynamics. As a consequence of these changes, several climate models forecast an intensification of extreme weather events over the upcoming decades, including heat waves and increasingly severe drought and flood episodes. The occurrence of such extreme weather will prompt profound changes in several plant communities, resulting in massive forest dieback events that can trigger a massive loss of biodiversity in several biomes worldwide. Despite the gravity of the situation, our knowledge regarding how extreme weather events can undermine the performance, survival, and distribution of forest species remains very fragmented. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a broad and integrated perspective of the main biochemical, physiological, and morpho-anatomical disorders that may compromise the performance and survival of forest species exposed to climate change factors, particularly drought, flooding, and global warming. In addition, we also discuss the controversial effects of high CO2 concentrations in enhancing plant growth and reducing the deleterious effects of some extreme climatic events. We conclude with a discussion about the possible effects that the factors associated with the climate change might have on species distribution and forest composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Loram‐Lourenço
- Laboratory of Plant EcophysiologyInstituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio VerdeGoiásBrazil
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22
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Priya M, Sharma L, Singh I, Bains TS, Siddique KHM, H B, Nair RM, Nayyar H. Securing reproductive function in mungbean grown under high temperature environment with exogenous application of proline. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 140:136-150. [PMID: 31103796 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Escalating temperatures are adversely impacting the production potential of various cool- and warm-season crops, such as Mungbean, therefore effective strategies are required to improve heat tolerance of various crops. Mungbean, a summer season food legume, is seriously affected at temperatures more than 35/25 °C, especially at its reproductive stage, resulting in pollen infertility to induce loss of flowers and potential pods. Proline (Pro), a well-researched stress-related molecule, has been implicated in determining pollen fertility, but its involvement in affecting reproductive function under heat stress is not reported so far. In the present study, it was hypothesised that depletion of endogenous Pro in reproductive components of the flowers of heat-stressed Mungbean plants might impair the reproductive function. To test this hypothesis, Mungbean genotypes (heat tolerant and heat-sensitive), growing in outdoor environment (32.5/17.5 ± 1 °C mean day/night temperature), until on the onset of flowering (30 days after sowing) were subjected to mild heat stress (MS; 40/28 °C) and high heat stress (HS; 45/33 °C), in the absence or presence of 5 mM proline treatment, applied as soil drenching and foliar spray, 2 days before imposition of heat stress. In MS plants, the endogenous Pro showed a significant increase in leaves, anthers, pollen and ovules, while in SS plants, a marked reduction was noticed. In later case, the activity of proline synthesising enzymes (pyrolline-5-carboxylate synthase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase) declined severely, along with a proline catabolism enzyme (proline dehydrogenase) suggesting disruption in proline metabolism in vegetative and reproductive components. This was associated with considerable decrease in pollen germination, stigma receptivity and ovule viability in heat-stressed plants. Simultaneously, leaf tissue showed high damage to cell membranes, leaf water status, stomatal conductance and cellular respiration. Photosynthetic ability (Chlorophyll, Photo system II function), carbon fixation (RuBisCo activity) and assimilation processes (sucrose synthesis and its hydrolysis) were significantly inhibited, in heat-stressed (HS) plants, which impacted the pod number, pod and seed weight per plant. Pro treatment, especially to HS plants resulted in appreciable increase in its endogenous concentration in vegetative and reproductive parts, which significantly improved the pollen fertility as well as stigma and ovule function. At the same time, stress damage to leaves was reduced significantly, leaf water status and chlorophyll were significantly higher, as a result the carbon fixation and assimilation capacity improved notably to increase the pod set, filled pod number, pod weight and seed weight per plants, suggesting a vital role of proline in enhancing the thermo-tolerance. The effects of Pro treatment were more pronounced in heat-sensitive genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Priya
- Department of Botany, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - T S Bains
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Bindumadhava H
- World Vegetable Center, South Asia, ICRISAT Campus, 502 324, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - Ramkrishnan M Nair
- World Vegetable Center, South Asia, ICRISAT Campus, 502 324, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University Chandigarh, India.
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DaMatta FM, Avila RT, Cardoso AA, Martins SCV, Ramalho JC. Physiological and Agronomic Performance of the Coffee Crop in the Context of Climate Change and Global Warming: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018. [PMID: 29517900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most important global crops and provides a livelihood to millions of people living in developing countries. Coffee species have been described as being highly sensitive to climate change, as largely deduced from modeling studies based on predictions of rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns. Here, we discuss the physiological responses of the coffee tree in the context of present and ongoing climate changes, including drought, heat, and light stresses, and interactions between these factors. We also summarize recent insights on the physiological and agronomic performance of coffee at elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and highlight the key role of CO2 in mitigating the harmful effects of heat stress. Evidence is shown suggesting that warming, per se, may be less harmful to coffee suitability than previously estimated, at least under the conditions of an adequate water supply. Finally, we discuss several mitigation strategies to improve crop performance in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M DaMatta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal , Universidade Federal Viçosa , 36570-900 Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Avila
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal , Universidade Federal Viçosa , 36570-900 Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Amanda A Cardoso
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal , Universidade Federal Viçosa , 36570-900 Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal , Universidade Federal Viçosa , 36570-900 Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - José C Ramalho
- Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade Lab (Plant Stress & Biodiversity), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, (LEAF), Departamento de Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA) , Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa) , Av. República , 2784-505 Oeiras , Portugal
- GeoBioTec, Faculdade de Ciências Tecnologia , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica , Portugal
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Marias DE, Meinzer FC, Still C. Impacts of leaf age and heat stress duration on photosynthetic gas exchange and foliar nonstructural carbohydrates in Coffea arabica. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1297-1310. [PMID: 28303198 PMCID: PMC5306013 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Given future climate predictions of increased temperature, and frequency and intensity of heat waves in the tropics, suitable habitat to grow ecologically, economically, and socially valuable Coffea arabica is severely threatened. We investigated how leaf age and heat stress duration impact recovery from heat stress in C. arabica. Treated plants were heated in a growth chamber at 49°C for 45 or 90 min. Physiological recovery was monitored in situ using gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence (the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, FV/FM), and leaf nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) on mature and expanding leaves before and 2, 15, 25, and 50 days after treatment. Regardless of leaf age, the 90-min treatment resulted in greater FV/FM reduction 2 days after treatment and slower recovery than the 45-min treatment. In both treatments, photosynthesis of expanding leaves recovered more slowly than in mature leaves. Stomatal conductance (gs) decreased in expanding leaves but did not change in mature leaves. These responses led to reduced intrinsic water-use efficiency with increasing heat stress duration in both age classes. Based on a leaf energy balance model, aftereffects of heat stress would be exacerbated by increases in leaf temperature at low gs under full sunlight where C. arabica is often grown, but also under partial sunlight. Starch and total NSC content of the 45-min group significantly decreased 2 days after treatment and then accumulated 15 and 25 days after treatment coinciding with recovery of photosynthesis and FV/FM. In contrast, sucrose of the 90-min group accumulated at day 2 suggesting that phloem transport was inhibited. Both treatment group responses contrasted with control plant total NSC and starch, which declined with time associated with subsequent flower and fruit production. No treated plants produced flowers or fruits, suggesting that short duration heat stress can lead to crop failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. Marias
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | | | - Christopher Still
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
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