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Zobel M, Koorem K, Moora M, Semchenko M, Davison J. Symbiont plasticity as a driver of plant success. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2340-2352. [PMID: 38308116 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We discuss which plant species are likely to become winners, that is achieve the highest global abundance, in changing landscapes, and whether plant-associated microbes play a determining role. Reduction and fragmentation of natural habitats in historic landscapes have led to the emergence of patchy, hybrid landscapes, and novel landscapes where anthropogenic ecosystems prevail. In patchy landscapes, species with broad niches are favoured. Plasticity in the degree of association with symbiotic microbes may contribute to broader plant niches and optimization of symbiosis costs and benefits, by downregulating symbiosis when it is unnecessary and upregulating it when it is beneficial. Plasticity can also be expressed as the switch from one type of mutualism to another, for example from nutritive to defensive mutualism with increasing soil fertility and the associated increase in parasite load. Upon dispersal, wide mutualistic partner receptivity is another facet of symbiont plasticity that becomes beneficial, because plants are not limited by the availability of specialist partners when arriving at new locations. Thus, under conditions of global change, symbiont plasticity allows plants to optimize the activity of mutualistic relationships, potentially allowing them to become winners by maximizing geographic occupancy and local abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, Tartu, 50409, Estonia
| | - Kadri Koorem
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, Tartu, 50409, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, Tartu, 50409, Estonia
| | - Marina Semchenko
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, Tartu, 50409, Estonia
| | - John Davison
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, Tartu, 50409, Estonia
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2
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Guillen-Otero T, Lee SJ, Hertel D, Kessler M. Facultative mycorrhization in a fern (Struthiopteris spicant L. Weiss) is bound to light intensity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:103. [PMID: 38331718 PMCID: PMC10854079 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of mycorrhizal relationships between a fungus and a plant typically enhances nutrient and water uptake for the latter while securing a carbon source for the fungus. However, under a particular set of environmental conditions, such as low availability of light and abundant nutrients in the soil, the resources invested in the maintenance of the fungi surpass the benefits obtained by the host. In those cases, facultative mycorrhizal plants are capable of surviving without symbiosis. Facultative mycorrhization in ferns has been overlooked until now. The present study measured the response of Struthiopteris spicant L. Weiss, and its root-associated fungi to different levels of light and nutrient availability in terms of growth, mycorrhizal presence, and leaf nutrient content. This fern species exhibits a great tolerance to variable light, nutrient, and pH conditions, and it has been found with and without mycorrhizae. We conducted a greenhouse experiment with 80 specimens of S. spicant and three factors (Light, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen) resulting in eight treatments. RESULTS We found a significant influence of the factor light on fungal community composition, plant biomass, and nutrient accumulation. Departing from a lack of colonization at the initial stage, plants showed a remarkable increment of more than 80% in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) richness and abundance in their roots when grown under high light conditions, compared with the ones in low light. We also observed an upward trend of C:P and C:N ratios and the above- and belowground biomass production when AMF abundance increased. Furthermore, the compositional analysis of the whole fungal communities associated with S. spicant roots revealed clear differences among low-light and high-light treatments. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to investigate the importance of light and nutrient availability in determining fern-AMF relationships. We confirmed that Struthiopteris spicant is a facultative mycorrhizal plant. The composition and diversity of AMF found in the roots of this fern are strongly influenced by light and less by nutrient conditions. Our study shows that ferns respond very sensitively to changes in environmental factors, leading to shifts in the associated mycorrhizal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Guillen-Otero
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Soon-Jae Lee
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dietrich Hertel
- Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Kessler
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wicaksono WA, Mora M, Bickel S, Berg C, Kühn I, Cernava T, Berg G. Rhizosphere assembly alters along a chronosequence in the Hallstätter glacier forefield (Dachstein, Austria). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae005. [PMID: 38271603 PMCID: PMC10858390 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbiome assembly is essential for plant health, but the temporal dimension of this process remains unexplored. We used a chronosequence of 150 years of the retreating Hallstätter glacier (Dachstein, Austria) to disentangle this exemplarily for the rhizosphere of three pioneer alpine plants. Time of deglaciation was an important factor shaping the rhizosphere microbiome. Microbiome functions, i.e. nutrient uptake and stress protection, were carried out by ubiquitous and cosmopolitan bacteria. The rhizosphere succession along the chronosequence was characterized by decreasing microbial richness but increasing specificity of the plant-associated bacterial community. Environmental selection is a critical factor in shaping the ecosystem, particularly in terms of plant-driven recruitment from the available edaphic pool. A higher rhizosphere microbial richness during early succession compared to late succession can be explained by the occurrence of cold-acclimated bacteria recruited from the surrounding soils. These taxa might be sensitive to changing habitat conditions that occurred at the later stages. A stronger influence of the plant host on the rhizosphere microbiome assembly was observed with increased time since deglaciation. Overall, this study indicated that well-adapted, ubiquitous microbes potentially support pioneer plants to colonize new ecosystems, while plant-specific microbes may be associated with the long-term establishment of their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisnu Adi Wicaksono
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Maximilian Mora
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Samuel Bickel
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Christian Berg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Halle 06120, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg, Halle 06099, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle–Jena–Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy Potsdam (ATB), Potsdam 14469, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14469, Germany
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4
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Nathan P, Economo EP, Guénard B, Simonsen AK, Frederickson ME. Generalized mutualisms promote range expansion in both plant and ant partners. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231083. [PMID: 37700642 PMCID: PMC10498038 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutualism improves organismal fitness, but strong dependence on another species can also limit a species' ability to thrive in a new range if its partner is absent. We assembled a large, global dataset on mutualistic traits and species ranges to investigate how multiple plant-animal and plant-microbe mutualisms affect the spread of legumes and ants to novel ranges. We found that generalized mutualisms increase the likelihood that a species establishes and thrives beyond its native range, whereas specialized mutualisms either do not affect or reduce non-native spread. This pattern held in both legumes and ants, indicating that specificity between mutualistic partners is a key determinant of ecological success in a new habitat. Our global analysis shows that mutualism plays an important, if often overlooked, role in plant and insect invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Nathan
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto M5S 3B2, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan P. Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Anna K. Simonsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Megan E. Frederickson
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto M5S 3B2, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Liu G, Liu R, Lee BR, Song X, Zhang W, Zhu Z, Shi Y. The Invasion of Galinsoga quadriradiata into High Elevations Is Shaped by Variation in AMF Communities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3190. [PMID: 37765354 PMCID: PMC10534310 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Mountain ranges have been previously suggested to act as natural barriers to plant invasion due to extreme environmental conditions. However, how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affect invasion into these systems has been less explored. Here, we investigated how changes in AMF communities affect the performance of Galinsoga quadriradiata in mountain ranges. We performed a greenhouse experiment to study the impact of inoculations of AMF from different elevations on the performance and reproduction of invaders and how competition with native plants changes the effects of invader-AMF interactions. We found strong evidence for a nuanced role of AMF associations in the invasion trajectory of G. quadriradiata, with facilitative effects at low elevations and inhibitory effects at high elevations. Galinsoga quadriradiata performed best when grown with inoculum collected from the same elevation but performed worst when grown with inoculum collected from beyond its currently invaded range, suggesting that AMF communities can help deter invasion at high elevations. Finally, the invasive plants grown alone experienced negative effects from AMF, while those grown in competition experienced positive effects, regardless of the AMF source. This suggests that G. quadriradiata lowers its partnerships with AMF in stressful environments unless native plants are present, in which case it overpowers native plants to obtain AMF support during invasion. Finally, our results indicate that invader-AMF interactions can inhibit invasive range expansion at high elevations, and biotic interactions, in addition to harsh environmental conditions, make high-elevation mountain ranges natural barriers against continued invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.L.); (X.S.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.S.)
- Research Center for UAV Remote Sensing, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Changqing Teaching & Research Base of Ecology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Ruiling Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.L.); (X.S.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Benjamin R. Lee
- Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Holden Forest and Gardens, Kirtland, OH 44094, USA
| | - Xingjiang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.L.); (X.S.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Wengang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.L.); (X.S.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.L.); (X.S.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.S.)
- Research Center for UAV Remote Sensing, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Changqing Teaching & Research Base of Ecology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.L.); (X.S.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.S.)
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Co-invading ectomycorrhizal fungal succession in pine-invaded mountain grasslands. FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sun D, Yang X, Wang Y, Fan Y, Ding P, Song X, Yuan X, Yang X. Stronger mutualistic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi help Asteraceae invaders outcompete the phylogenetically related natives. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1487-1496. [PMID: 35975696 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mutualistic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) greatly affect the outcome of plant-plant competition, especially for invasive plants competing against native plants. We examined the effects of AMF on the competition between invasive Asteraceae plants and the phylogenetically related native plants. We compared the performance of seven invasive Asteraceae plants from different genera with that of their phylogenetically related native counterparts in response to AMF in monocultures and mixed cultures. We investigated how interactions with AMF impact the competition between Asteraceae relatives. Total biomass increased with AMF colonization in both invasive and native plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved the competitiveness of invasive plants, but decreased that of native plants. Competition increased the shoot nitrogen, phosphorus and root myristic acid concentrations and relative expression of fatty acid transporter genes (RiFAT1 and RiFAT2) in AMF-colonized invasive plants, but decreased those in AMF-colonized native plants. Structural equation models indicated that the presence of AMF increased the uptake of phosphorus, but not nitrogen, by invasive plants, which probably provided more myristic acids to symbiotic AMF in return. These results suggest that invasive Asteraceae plants have greater mutualistic interactions with AMF than their phylogenetically related native counterparts, potentially contributing to invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasheng Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xueping Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Yu Fan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Pengcheng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xi'E Song
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xuefang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
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8
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Yu HW, He WM. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Compete Asymmetrically for Amino Acids with Native and Invasive Solidago. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:131-140. [PMID: 34406446 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soil amino acids both affect plant performance. However, little is known about how AMF compete for amino acids with native and invasive congeners. We conducted a factorial experiment (inoculation, native and invasive species, and amino acids) to examine the competition for amino acids between soil microbes and both native and invasive congeners. The competition for amino acids between AMF and invasive Solidago canadensis was weaker than that observed between AMF and native S. decurrens. This asymmetric competition increased the growth advantage of S. canadensis over S. decurrens. The efficacy (biomass production per unit of nitrogen supply) of amino acids compared to ammonium was smaller in S. canadensis than in S. decurrens when both species were grown without inoculation, but the opposite was the case when both species were grown with AMF. AMF and all microbes differentially altered four phenotypic traits (plant height, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf number, and root biomass allocation) and the pathways determining the effects of amino acids on growth advantages. These findings suggest that AMF could enhance plant invasiveness through asymmetric competition for amino acids and that amino acid-driven invasiveness might be differentially regulated by different microbial guilds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei-Ming He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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9
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Veselkin DV, Betekhtina AA, Gusev AP. The Arbuscules Formation Intensity Decreased in Mycorrhizal Alien Plants of Belarusian Polesia. RUSS J ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413622030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Lamit LJ, Giovati AS, Jo I, Frank DA, Fridley JD. Woody invaders are more highly colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi than congeneric native species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:655-663. [PMID: 35266547 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Invasive species tend to possess acquisitive plant traits that support fast growth and strong competitive ability. However, the relevance of symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to the fast growing, acquisitive strategy of invasive species is still unclear. METHODS We measured AMF colonization in roots of five congeneric pairs of invasive and native eastern North American woody species (10 species total; 4 lianas, 6 shrubs) that were grown in a monoculture common garden experiment in Syracuse, NY. We then examined the relationships of AMF colonization to above and belowground traits of these species. RESULTS Total AMF colonization and arbuscule colonization were greater in invasive compared to native woody species, a pattern that was more distinct in congeneric shrubs than congeneric lianas. The level of AMF colonization was also positively correlated with traits indicative of rapid plant growth and nutrient uptake. CONCLUSIONS The concordance of a resource-acquisitive strategy with higher AMF colonization suggests that symbioses with AMF may be part of the strategy by which invasive woody plants of eastern North America are able to maintain fast growth rates and outcompete their native counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Lamit
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
- Department of Environmental Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Amy S Giovati
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
- Department of Environmental Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Insu Jo
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, 54 Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Doug A Frank
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Jason D Fridley
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
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11
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Paganeli B, Toussaint A, Bueno CG, Fujinuma J, Reier Ü, Pärtel M. Dark diversity at home describes the success of cross‐continent tree invasions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Paganeli
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Aurèle Toussaint
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Carlos Guillermo Bueno
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Junichi Fujinuma
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Ülle Reier
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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12
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Qi S, Wang J, Wan L, Dai Z, da Silva Matos DM, Du D, Egan S, Bonser SP, Thomas T, Moles AT. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Contribute to Phosphorous Uptake and Allocation Strategies of Solidago canadensis in a Phosphorous-Deficient Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:831654. [PMID: 35401639 PMCID: PMC8987128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.831654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can facilitate the uptake of limiting or inaccessible nutrients by plants. However, the importance of AMF for invasive plants under phosphorus (P) limitation is poorly well understood because of the presence of non-focal microorganisms, such as endophytes or rhizosphere bacteria. In this study, we investigated how an invasive clonal plant Solidago canadensis benefits from the AMF Glomus intraradices by using a completely sterile culturing system, which is composed of aseptic seedlings, a pure AMF strain, and a sterile growth environment. We found that the colonization rate, abundance, and spore production of AMF in the insoluble P treatment was more than twice as much as in the available P treatment. Plant above-ground growth was enhanced almost 50% by AMF in the insoluble P treatment. Importantly, AMF were able to facilitate P acquisition by the plant in insoluble P conditions, allowing plants to have lower investment into below-ground biomass and higher benefit/return for above-ground biomass. This study demonstrated the important contribution that AMF make to plants in phosphate-deficient environments eliminating interference from non-focal microorganisms. Our results also suggest that interaction with AMF could contribute to the invasiveness of clonal plant S. canadensis in a resource-deficient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of the Environment Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lingyun Wan
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Zhicong Dai
- School of the Environment Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Daolin Du
- School of the Environment Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Bonser
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela T. Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Policelli N, Vietorisz C, Bhatnagar JM, Nuñez MA. Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Invasions in Southern South America. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12994-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Harrower JT, Gilbert GS. Parasitism to mutualism continuum for Joshua trees inoculated with different communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from a desert elevation gradient. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256068. [PMID: 34449786 PMCID: PMC8396742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most desert plants form symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), yet fungal identity and impacts on host plants remain largely unknown. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of AMF relationships for plant functioning, we do not know how fungal community structure changes across a desert climate gradient, nor the impacts of different fungal communities on host plant species. Because climate change can shape the distribution of species through effects on species interactions, knowing how the ranges of symbiotic partners are geographically structured and the outcomes of those species interactions informs theory and improves management recommendations. Here we used high throughput sequencing to examine the AMF community of Joshua trees along a climate gradient in Joshua Tree National Park. We then used a range of performance measures and abiotic factors to evaluate how different AMF communities may affect Joshua tree fitness. We found that fungal communities change with elevation resulting in a spectrum of interaction outcomes from mutualism to parasitism that changed with the developmental stage of the plant. Nutrient accumulation and the mycorrhizal growth response of Joshua tree seedlings inoculated with fungi from the lowest (warmest) elevations was first negative, but after 9 months had surpassed that of plants with other fungal treatments. This indicates that low elevation fungi are costly for the plant to initiate symbiosis, yet confer benefits over time. The strong relationship between AMF community and plant growth suggests that variation in AMF community may have long term consequences for plant populations along an elevation gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. Harrower
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory S. Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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15
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Stephan P, Bramon Mora B, Alexander JM. Positive species interactions shape species' range limits. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Stephan
- Dept of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Jake M. Alexander
- Dept of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
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16
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Clavel J, Lembrechts J, Alexander J, Haider S, Lenoir J, Milbau A, Nuñez MA, Pauchard A, Nijs I, Verbruggen E. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in nonnative plant invasion along mountain roads. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1156-1168. [PMID: 32984980 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant associated mutualists can mediate invasion success by affecting the ecological niche of nonnative plant species. Anthropogenic disturbance is also key in facilitating invasion success through changes in biotic and abiotic conditions, but the combined effect of these two factors in natural environments is understudied. To better understand this interaction, we investigated how disturbance and its interaction with mycorrhizas could impact range dynamics of nonnative plant species in the mountains of Norway. Therefore, we studied the root colonisation and community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in disturbed vs undisturbed plots along mountain roads. We found that roadside disturbance strongly increases fungal diversity and richness while also promoting AM fungal root colonisation in an otherwise ecto-mycorrhiza and ericoid-mycorrhiza dominated environment. Surprisingly, AM fungi associating with nonnative plant species were present across the whole elevation gradient, even above the highest elevational limit of nonnative plants, indicating that mycorrhizal fungi are not currently limiting the upward movement of nonnative plants. We conclude that roadside disturbance has a positive effect on AM fungal colonisation and richness, possibly supporting the spread of nonnative plants, but that there is no absolute limitation of belowground mutualists, even at high elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Clavel
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Jonas Lembrechts
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Jake Alexander
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Haider
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80025, France
| | - Ann Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest - INBO, Brussels, 1000, Belgium
| | - Martin A Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina
| | - Anibal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4030000, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
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17
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Palma E, Vesk PA, White M, Baumgartner JB, Catford JA. Plant functional traits reflect different dimensions of species invasiveness. Ecology 2021; 102:e03317. [PMID: 33638164 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trait-based invasiveness studies typically categorize exotic species as invasive or noninvasive, implicitly assuming species form two homogenous groups. However, species can become invasive in different ways (e.g., high abundance, fast spread), likely relying on different functional traits to do so. As such, binary classification may obscure traits associated with invasiveness. We tested whether (1) the way in which invasiveness is quantified influences its correlation with functional traits and (2) different demography-based metrics are related to different sets of traits. Using a case study of 251 herbs exotic to Victoria, Australia, we quantified species' invasiveness using 10 metrics: four continuous, demography-based dimensions of invasiveness (spread rate, local abundance, geographic and environmental range sizes) and six binary classifications of invasiveness (based on alternative sources and invasion criteria). We examined the correlation between species' invasiveness and a set of four traits known to relate to plant demography and invasion. Then, we examined whether different demographic dimensions of invasiveness were better explained by different sets of traits. We found that the way invasiveness was quantified was important: different traits were linked with different invasiveness metrics, and some traits showed opposite effects across metrics. Species with fast spread were either tall with small seeds (i.e., good colonizers), or had heavy, animal-dispersed seeds. Plants with a large environmental range had greater plasticity for some traits. Locally abundant plants had low SLA and heavy seeds (i.e., strong competitors). Animal dispersal was also key to reach a large geographic range. No traits were consistently related to the six binary classifications. Our results indicate that exotic plants are invasive in different ways and rely on different combinations of traits to be so. Some traits (e.g., seed mass) had complex relationships with invasion: they apparently promote, hampered, or had no influence on different dimensions of invasiveness. Our findings are consistent with the notion that plant species use strategies that may be near optimal under some, but not all, ecological conditions. Compared to binary classifications of invasiveness, the use of invasiveness dimensions advances clearer hypothesis testing in invasion science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Palma
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter A Vesk
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Matt White
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - John B Baumgartner
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jane A Catford
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Department of Geography, King's College London, 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, United Kingdom
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18
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Bueno CG, Gerz M, Moora M, Leon D, Gomez-Garcia D, de Leon DG, Font X, Al-Quraishy S, Hozzein WN, Zobel M. Distribution of plant mycorrhizal traits along an elevational gradient does not fully mirror the latitudinal gradient. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:149-159. [PMID: 33475799 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-01012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis on ecosystem processes depends on the mycorrhizal type and status of plants. Early research hypothesized that the proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) species decreases and of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) species increases along increasing elevations and latitudes. However, there is very scarce information about this pattern along elevation gradients. We aimed to test this hypothesis and to describe the trends in plant mycorrhizal status by examining the Pyrenean mountain range (from 400 to 3400 m asl). The distribution of plant mycorrhizal types: AM, ECM, ERM, and non-mycorrhizal (NM) and status (obligately, OM, or facultatively, FM mycorrhizal plants, FM) were identified based on the Pyrenean Floristic Atlas and analyzed for climatic and edaphic drivers. The proportion of AM plants decreased slightly with elevation, while ECM species peaked at 1000 m asl. The proportion of ERM and NM plant species rose with increasing elevation. The proportion of FM species increased, and OM species decreased with increasing elevation. The change of AM and ECM species, and OM and FM species, along the elevational gradient, corresponds broadly to changes along the latitudinal gradient, driven by a combination of climatic and edaphic factors. Differently, the elevational occurrence of NM plant species is mainly driven only by climatic factors (low temperature) and that of ERM species by only edaphic factors (low pH). Large-scale macroecological studies (≥ 50 km grid cell) well reflect the effects of climate on the distribution of plant mycorrhizal traits, but local data (≤ 1 km grid cell) are needed to understand the effects of soil conditions and land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guillermo Bueno
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - M Gerz
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - D Leon
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - D Gomez-Garcia
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Av. Ntra. Sra. de la Victoria, S/N, 22700, Jaca, Spain
| | - D García de Leon
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Spain
| | - X Font
- Plant Biodiversity Resource Centre, University of Barcelona, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 2, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - M Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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19
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20
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Řezáčová V, Řezáč M, Gryndlerová H, Wilson GWT, Michalová T. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi favor invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus when grown in competition with native Inula conyzae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20287. [PMID: 33219310 PMCID: PMC7679399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In a globalized world, plant invasions are common challenges for native ecosystems. Although a considerable number of invasive plants form arbuscular mycorrhizae, interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and invasive and native plants are not well understood. In this study, we conducted a greenhouse experiment examining how AM fungi affect interactions of co-occurring plant species in the family Asteracea, invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus and native forb of central Europe Inula conyzae. The effects of initial soil disturbance, including the effect of intact or disturbed arbuscular mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), were examined. AM fungi supported the success of invasive E. sphaerocephalus in competition with native I. conyzae, regardless of the initial disturbance of CMNs. The presence of invasive E. sphaerocephalus decreased mycorrhizal colonization in I. conyzae, with a concomitant loss in mycorrhizal benefits. Our results confirm AM fungi represent one important mechanism of plant invasion for E. sphaerocephalus in semi-natural European grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Řezáčová
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Řezáč
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Gryndlerová
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Gail W T Wilson
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Tereza Michalová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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21
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Paolucci A, Rauschert ESJ, Carrino-Kyker S, Burke D. Root fungal communities associated with better performance of an invasive spring ephemeral. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Sizonenko TA, Dubrovskiy YA, Novakovskiy AB. Changes in mycorrhizal status and type in plant communities along altitudinal and ecological gradients-a case study from the Northern Urals (Russia). MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:445-454. [PMID: 32447455 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Ural Mountains (the Urals) are a mountain range on the border between the continents of Europe and Asia. The Urals extend about 2500 km from north to south and run from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the steppe of northwestern Kazakhstan. In terms of mycorrhizal traits, the vegetation of the Urals has not been studied absolutely compared with the other mountain systems of Europe. Detailed research of vegetation at the Telpos-iz Ridge (Northern Urals, Russia) allowed us to analyze changes in mycorrhizal status (obligatory mycorrhizal, OM; facultative mycorrhizal, FM; non-mycorrhizal, NM) and type (arbuscular, AM; ectomycorrhiza, ECM; ericoid, ERM; ORM, orchid mycorrhiza; NM) both in the main vegetation types and the individual communities along the elevation and ecological gradients based on 165 releves. This is the first attempt to describe the mycorrhizal status of plant communities across different elevations and ecological conditions outside Europe and North America. OM species were most diverse in all vegetation types. Maximal share of NM species was found in the mires and may be explained by over logged and unfertile soils of these habitats. Arbuscular mycorrhizas dominated across all vegetation types except for mires, where specific ecological conditions result in the prevalence of ECM and NM species. We analyzed the mycorrhizal status and type of plant communities along the main ecological gradients and found a decisive role of elevation and soil nitrogen content. At the same time, it remains unclear which factor determines the distribution of ECM and AM communities which are most represented in the vegetation of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A Sizonenko
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.
| | - Yuriy A Dubrovskiy
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Alexander B Novakovskiy
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
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23
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Aldorfová A, Knobová P, Münzbergová Z. Plant–soil feedback contributes to predicting plant invasiveness of 68 alien plant species differing in invasive status. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aldorfová
- Dept of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ Benátská 2 CZ‐128 01 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Inst. of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Knobová
- Dept of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ Benátská 2 CZ‐128 01 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Dept of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ Benátská 2 CZ‐128 01 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Inst. of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
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24
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Lara-Pérez LA, Oros-Ortega I, Córdova-Lara I, Estrada-Medina H, O'Connor-Sánchez A, Góngora-Castillo E, Sáenz-Carbonell L. Seasonal shifts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Cocos nucifera roots in Yucatan, Mexico. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:269-283. [PMID: 32242246 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The diversity and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with coconut (Cocos nucifera) roots was evaluated by next generation sequencing (NGS) using partial sequences of the 18S rDNA gene and by spore isolation and morphological identification from rhizosphere soil. Root samples from six different Green Dwarf coconut plantations and from one organic plantation surrounded by tropical dry forest along the coastal sand dunes in Yucatan, Mexico, were collected during the rainy and dry seasons. In total, 14 root samples were sequenced with the Illumina MiSeq platform. Additionally, soil samples from the dry season were collected to identify AMF glomerospores. Based on a 95-97% similarity, a total of 36 virtual taxa (VT) belonging to nine genera were identified including one new genus-like clade. Glomus was the most abundant genus, both in number of VT and sequences. The comparison of dry and rainy season samples revealed differences in the richness and composition of AMF communities colonizing coconut roots. Our study shows that the main AMF genera associated with coconut tree roots in all samples were Glomus, Sclerocystis, Rhizophagus, Redeckera, and Diversispora. Based on glomerospore morphology, 22 morphospecies were recorded among which 14 were identified to species. Sclerocystis sinuosa, Sclerocystis rubiformis, Glomus microaggregatum, and Acaulospora scrobiculata were dominant in field rhizosphere samples. This is the first assessment of the composition of AMF communities colonizing coconut roots in rainy and dry seasons. It is of importance for selection of AMF species to investigate for their potential application in sustainable agriculture of coconut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Lara-Pérez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
- Instituto Tecnológico de la Zona Maya, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Carretera Chetumal-Escárcega km 21.5, C.P. 77965, Ejido Juan Sarabia, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Iván Oros-Ortega
- Instituto Tecnológico de la Zona Maya, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Carretera Chetumal-Escárcega km 21.5, C.P. 77965, Ejido Juan Sarabia, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Iván Córdova-Lara
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Héctor Estrada-Medina
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales Tropicales, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Aileen O'Connor-Sánchez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Elsa Góngora-Castillo
- CONACYT-Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Luis Sáenz-Carbonell
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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25
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Chen E, Liao H, Chen B, Peng S. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are a double-edged sword in plant invasion controlled by phosphorus concentration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:295-300. [PMID: 31808168 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Huixuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Baoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shaolin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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26
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Decreased mycorrhizal colonization of Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist in invaded range does not affect fungal abundance in native plants. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Pyšek P, Guo W, Štajerová K, Moora M, Bueno CG, Dawson W, Essl F, Gerz M, Kreft H, Pergl J, van Kleunen M, Weigelt P, Winter M, Zobel M. Facultative mycorrhizal associations promote plant naturalization worldwide. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 Prague 2 CZ‐128 44 Czech Republic
| | - Wen‐Yong Guo
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Bioscience Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) Aarhus University Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity Department of Biosciences Aarhus University Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
| | - Kateřina Štajerová
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 Prague 2 CZ‐128 44 Czech Republic
| | - Mari Moora
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Lai 40 Tartu 51005 Estonia
| | - C. Guillermo Bueno
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Lai 40 Tartu 51005 Estonia
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University Vienna Wien 1030 Austria
| | - Maret Gerz
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Lai 40 Tartu 51005 Estonia
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL) University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology University of Konstanz Universitätsstrasse 10 Konstanz D‐78464 Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial KeyLaboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou 318000 China
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Lai 40 Tartu 51005 Estonia
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28
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Gerz M, Bueno CG, Ozinga WA, Zobel M, Moora M. Responses of plant community mycorrhization to anthropogenic influence depend on the habitat and mycorrhizal type. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maret Gerz
- Dept of Botany, Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐Tartu 51005 Estonia
| | - C. Guillermo Bueno
- Dept of Botany, Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐Tartu 51005 Estonia
| | - Wim A. Ozinga
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Inst. for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud Univ. Nijmegen Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Forest and Landscape Ecology, Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra) Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Martin Zobel
- Dept of Botany, Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐Tartu 51005 Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Dept of Botany, Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu Lai 40 EE‐Tartu 51005 Estonia
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29
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Li J, Oduor AMO, Yu F, Dong M. A native parasitic plant and soil microorganisms facilitate a native plant co-occurrence with an invasive plant. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8652-8663. [PMID: 31410269 PMCID: PMC6686308 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive plants often interact with antagonists that include native parasitic plants and pathogenic soil microbes, which may reduce fitness of the invaders. However, to date, most of the studies on the ecological consequences of antagonistic interactions between invasive plants and the resident biota focused only on pairwise interactions. A full understanding of invasion dynamics requires studies that test the effects of multiple antagonists on fitness of invasive plants and co-occurring native plants. Here, we used an invasive plant Mikania micrantha, a co-occurring native plant Coix lacryma-jobi, and a native holoparasitic plant Cuscuta campestris to test whether parasitism on M. micrantha interacts with soil fungi and bacteria to reduce fitness of the invader and promote growth of the co-occurring native plant. In a factorial setup, M. micrantha and C. lacryma-jobi were grown together in pots in the presence versus absence of parasitism on M. micrantha by C. campestris and in the presence versus absence of full complements of soil bacteria and fungi. Fungicide and bactericide were used to suppress soil fungi and bacteria, respectively. Findings show that heavy parasitism by C. campestris caused the greatest reduction in M. micrantha biomass when soil fungi and bacteria were suppressed. In contrast, the co-occurring native plant C. lacryma-jobi experienced the greatest increase in biomass when grown with heavily parasitized M. micrantha and in the presence of a full complement of soil fungi and bacteria. Taken together, our results suggest that selective parasitism on susceptible invasive plants by native parasitic plants and soil microorganisms may diminish competitive ability of invasive plants and facilitate native plant coexistence with invasive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Ayub M. O. Oduor
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
- Department of Applied and Technical BiologyTechnical University of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Feihai Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Ming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
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30
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Latitudinal Distribution of Mycorrhizal Types in Native and Alien Trees in Montane Ecosystems from Southern South America. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15228-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Guillermo Bueno C, Gerz M, Zobel M, Moora M. Conceptual differences lead to divergent trait estimates in empirical and taxonomic approaches to plant mycorrhizal trait assignment. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:1-11. [PMID: 30324505 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Empirical and taxonomic approaches are the two main methods used to assign plant mycorrhizal traits to species lists. While the empirical approach uses only available empirical information, the taxonomic approach extrapolates certain core information about plant mycorrhizal types and statuses to related species. Despite recent claims that the taxonomic approach is now almost definitive, with little benefit to be gained from further empirical data collection, it has not been thoroughly compared with the empirical approach. Using the most complete available plant mycorrhizal trait information for Europe and both assignment approaches, we calculate the proportion of species for each trait, and model environmental drivers of trait distribution across the continent. We found large degrees of mismatch between approaches, with consequences for biogeographical interpretation, among facultatively mycorrhizal (FM; 91% of species mismatched), non-mycorrhizal (NM; 45%), and to a lesser extent arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM; 16%) plant species. This can partly be attributed to the taxonomic precision of the taxonomic approach and the use of different AM, NM, and FM concepts. Our results showed that the extrapolations of the taxonomic approach do not consistently match with empirical information and indicate that more empirical data are needed, in particular for FM, NM, and AM plant species. Clarifying certain concepts underlying mycorrhizal traits and empirically describing NM, AM, and FM species within plant families can greatly improve our understanding of the biogeography of mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guillermo Bueno
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Maret Gerz
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
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32
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Awaydul A, Zhu W, Yuan Y, Xiao J, Hu H, Chen X, Koide RT, Cheng L. Common mycorrhizal networks influence the distribution of mineral nutrients between an invasive plant, Solidago canadensis, and a native plant, Kummerowa striata. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:29-38. [PMID: 30421153 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species often reduce ecosystem services and lead to a serious threat to native biodiversity. Roots of invasive plants are often linked to roots of native plants by common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs) of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, but whether and how CMNs mediate interactions between invasive and native plant species remains largely uninvestigated. We conducted two microcosm experiments, one in which we amended the soil with mineral N and another in which we amended the soil with mineral P. In each experiment, we grew a pair of test plants consisting of Kummerowia striata (native to our research site) and Solidago canadensis (an invasive species). CMNs were established between the plants, and these were either left intact or severed. Intact CMNs increased growth and nutrient acquisition by S. canadensis while they decreased nutrient acquisition by K. striata in comparison with severed CMNs. 15N and P analyses indicated that compared to severed CMNs, intact CMNs preferentially transferred mineral nutrients to S. canadensis. CMNs produced by different species of AM fungi had slightly different effects on the interaction between these two plant species. These results highlight the role of CMNs in the understanding of interactions between the invasive species S. canadensis and its native neighbor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awagul Awaydul
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wanying Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongge Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Roger T Koide
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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33
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Neuenkamp L, Moora M, Öpik M, Davison J, Gerz M, Männistö M, Jairus T, Vasar M, Zobel M. The role of plant mycorrhizal type and status in modulating the relationship between plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1236-1247. [PMID: 29369351 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between communities of plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi shape fundamental ecosystem properties. Experimental evidence suggests that compositional changes in plant and AM fungal communities should be correlated, but empirical data from natural ecosystems are scarce. We investigated the dynamics of covariation between plant and AM fungal communities during three stages of grassland succession, and the biotic and abiotic factors shaping these dynamics. Plant communities were characterised using vegetation surveys. AM fungal communities were characterised by 454-sequencing of the small subunit rRNA gene and identification against the AM fungal reference database MaarjAM. AM fungal abundance was estimated using neutral-lipid fatty acids (NLFAs). Multivariate correlation analysis (Procrustes) revealed a significant relationship between plant and AM fungal community composition. The strength of plant-AM fungal correlation weakened during succession following cessation of grassland management, reflecting changes in the proportion of plants exhibiting different AM status. Plant-AM fungal correlation was strong when the abundance of obligate AM plants was high, and declined as the proportion of facultative AM plants increased. We conclude that the extent to which plants rely on AM symbiosis can determine how tightly communities of plants and AM fungi are interlinked, regulating community assembly of both symbiotic partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Neuenkamp
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - John Davison
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maret Gerz
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Minna Männistö
- The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Eteläranta 55, FI-96301, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Teele Jairus
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martti Vasar
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
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34
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Lu X, He M, Ding J, Siemann E. Latitudinal variation in soil biota: testing the biotic interaction hypothesis with an invasive plant and a native congener. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2811-2822. [PMID: 30013163 PMCID: PMC6246596 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil biota community structure can change with latitude, but the effects of changes on native plants, invasive plants, and their herbivores remain unclear. Here, we examined latitudinal variation in the soil biota community associated with the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener A. sessilis, and the effects of soil biota community variation on these plants and the beetle Agasicles hygrophila. We characterized the soil bacterial and fungal communities and root-knot nematodes of plant rhizospheres collected from 22 °N to 36.6 °N in China. Soil biota community structure changed with latitude as a function of climate and soil properties. Root-knot nematode abundance and potential soil fungal pathogen diversity (classified with FUNGuild) decreased with latitude, apparently due to higher soil pH and lower temperatures. A greenhouse experiment and lab bioassay showed native plant mass, seed production, and mass of beetles fed native foliage increased with soil collection latitude. However, there were no latitudinal patterns for the invasive plant. These results suggest that invasive and native plants and, consequently, their herbivores have different responses to latitudinal changes in soil-borne enemies, potentially creating spatial variation in enemy release or biotic resistance. This highlights the importance of linking above- and below-ground multitrophic interactions to explore the role of soil biota in non-native plant invasions with a biogeographic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Minyan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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35
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van Kleunen M, Bossdorf O, Dawson W. The Ecology and Evolution of Alien Plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We review the state of the art of alien plant research with emphasis on conceptual advances and knowledge gains on general patterns and drivers, biotic interactions, and evolution. Major advances include the identification of different invasion stages and invasiveness dimensions (geographic range, habitat specificity, local abundance) and the identification of appropriate comparators while accounting for propagule pressure and year of introduction. Developments in phylogenetic and functional trait research bear great promise for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Global patterns are emerging with propagule pressure, disturbance, increased resource availability, and climate matching as major invasion drivers, but species characteristics also play a role. Biotic interactions with resident communities shape invasion outcomes, with major roles for species diversity, enemies, novel weapons, and mutualists. Mounting evidence has been found for rapid evolution of invasive aliens and evolutionary responses of natives, but a mechanistic understanding requires tighter integration of molecular and phenotypic approaches. We hope the open questions identified in this review will stimulate further research on the ecology and evolution of alien plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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36
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Zhang F, Li Q, Yerger EH, Chen X, Shi Q, Wan F. AM fungi facilitate the competitive growth of two invasive plant species, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Bidens pilosa. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:703-715. [PMID: 30220052 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species often cause enormous economic and ecological damage, and this is especially true for invasive plants in the Asteraceae family. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in the successful invasion by exotic plant species because of their ability to promote growth and influence interspecific competition. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of invasive Asteraceae species on AMF diversity and how feedback mechanisms during competition with native species subsequently affect the accumulation of nutrient resources. Two exotic Asteraceae, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Bidens pilosa, were monitored during competition with a native grass species, Setaria viridis, which is being replaced by these exotic species in natural areas around the study site. From these species continuously maintained in a field plot for 5 years, we collected the rhizosphere soil and cloned and identified soil AMF. Furthermore, AM fungal spores were isolated from rhizosphere soil of the two invasive species and used as inoculum in greenhouse experiments, to compare growth and nutrient accumulation during competition. The results indicate that although the AMF diversity in the rhizosphere soil of A. artemisiifolia and B. pilosa differed, the three most abundant species (Septoglomus viscosum, Septoglomus constrictum, Glomus perpusillum) were identical. The addition of AMF inoculum changed the competition between the plants, increasing the competitive ability of the invasives and decreasing that of the native. The results show a similar AMF community composition between A. artemisiifolia and B. pilosa, increased AMF root colonization of the invasive species during competition, AMF-enhanced N accumulation, and AMF-facilitated competitive growth of the invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi East, Baoding, 071002, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Qiao Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | | | - Xue Chen
- Department of Biology, Huihua College of Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qing Shi
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi East, Baoding, 071002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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37
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McCormick MK, Whigham DF, Canchani-Viruet A. Mycorrhizal fungi affect orchid distribution and population dynamics. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1207-1215. [PMID: 29790578 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Symbioses are ubiquitous in nature and influence individual plants and populations. Orchids have life history stages that depend fully or partially on fungi for carbon and other essential resources. As a result, orchid populations depend on the distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMFs). We focused on evidence that local-scale distribution and population dynamics of orchids can be limited by the patchy distribution and abundance of OMFs, after an update of an earlier review confirmed that orchids are rarely limited by OMF distribution at geographic scales. Recent evidence points to a relationship between OMF abundance and orchid density and dormancy, which results in apparent density differences. Orchids were more abundant, less likely to enter dormancy, and more likely to re-emerge when OMF were abundant. We highlight the need for additional studies on OMF quantity, more emphasis on tropical species, and development and application of next-generation sequencing techniques to quantify OMF abundance in substrates and determine their function in association with orchids. Research is also needed to distinguish between OMFs and endophytic fungi and to determine the function of nonmycorrhizal endophytes in orchid roots. These studies will be especially important if we are to link orchids and OMFs in efforts to inform conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K McCormick
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Dennis F Whigham
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Armando Canchani-Viruet
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
- Universidad Metropolitana, Escuela de Ciencias y Tecnología, 1399 Avenida Ana G. Mendez, San Juan, 00926, Puerto Rico
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38
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Cosme M, Fernández I, Van der Heijden MGA, Pieterse CMJ. Non-Mycorrhizal Plants: The Exceptions that Prove the Rule. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:577-587. [PMID: 29753631 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The widespread symbiotic interaction between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi relies on a complex molecular dialog with reciprocal benefits in terms of nutrition, growth, and protection. Approximately 29% of all vascular plant species do not host AM symbiosis, including major crops. Under certain conditions, however, presumed non-host plants can become colonized by AM fungi and develop rudimentary AM (RAM) phenotypes. Here we zoom in on the mustard family (Brassicaceae), which harbors AM hosts, non-hosts, and presumed non-host species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, for which conditional RAM colonization has been described. We advocate that RAM phenotypes and redundant genomic elements of the symbiotic 'toolkit' are missing links that can help to unravel genetic constraints that drive the evolution of symbiotic incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cosme
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ivan Fernández
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel G A Van der Heijden
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands; Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope Reckenholz, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland; These two authors are shared last authors
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands; These two authors are shared last authors.
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39
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Jo I, Potter KM, Domke GM, Fei S. Dominant forest tree mycorrhizal type mediates understory plant invasions. Ecol Lett 2017; 21:217-224. [PMID: 29194909 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Forest mycorrhizal type mediates nutrient dynamics, which in turn can influence forest community structure and processes. Using forest inventory data, we explored how dominant forest tree mycorrhizal type affects understory plant invasions with consideration of forest structure and soil properties. We found that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) dominant forests, which are characterised by thin forest floors and low soil C : N ratio, were invaded to a greater extent by non-native invasive species than ectomycorrhizal (ECM) dominant forests. Understory native species cover and richness had no strong associations with AM tree dominance. We also found no difference in the mycorrhizal type composition of understory invaders between AM and ECM dominant forests. Our results indicate that dominant forest tree mycorrhizal type is closely linked with understory invasions. The increased invader abundance in AM dominant forests can further facilitate nutrient cycling, leading to the alteration of ecosystem structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Jo
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kevin M Potter
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Grant M Domke
- Northern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Songlin Fei
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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40
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Livne-Luzon S, Ovadia O, Weber G, Avidan Y, Migael H, Glassman SI, Bruns TD, Shemesh H. Small-scale spatial variability in the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi affects plant performance and fungal diversity. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1192-1202. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stav Livne-Luzon
- Department of Life Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; POB 653 Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Ofer Ovadia
- Department of Life Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; POB 653 Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Gil Weber
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Tel-Hai College; Kiryat Shmona 1220800 Israel
| | - Yael Avidan
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Tel-Hai College; Kiryat Shmona 1220800 Israel
| | - Hen Migael
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Tel-Hai College; Kiryat Shmona 1220800 Israel
| | - Sydney I. Glassman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; UC Irvine; Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Thomas D. Bruns
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology; UC Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA
| | - Hagai Shemesh
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Tel-Hai College; Kiryat Shmona 1220800 Israel
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41
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Nuñez MA, Chiuffo MC, Torres A, Paul T, Dimarco RD, Raal P, Policelli N, Moyano J, García RA, van Wilgen BW, Pauchard A, Richardson DM. Ecology and management of invasive Pinaceae around the world: progress and challenges. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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