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Leblanc PO, Bourgoin SG, Poubelle PE, Tessier PA, Pelletier M. Metabolic regulation of neutrophil functions in homeostasis and diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:456-468. [PMID: 38452242 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in humans and play a role in the innate immune response by being the first cells attracted to the site of infection. While early studies presented neutrophils as almost exclusively glycolytic cells, recent advances show that these cells use several metabolic pathways other than glycolysis, such as the pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and glutaminolysis, which they modulate to perform their functions. Metabolism shifts from fatty acid oxidation-mediated mitochondrial respiration in immature neutrophils to glycolysis in mature neutrophils. Tissue environments largely influence neutrophil metabolism according to nutrient sources, inflammatory mediators, and oxygen availability. Inhibition of metabolic pathways in neutrophils results in impairment of certain effector functions, such as NETosis, chemotaxis, degranulation, and reactive oxygen species generation. Alteration of these neutrophil functions is implicated in certain human diseases, such as antiphospholipid syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019, and bronchiectasis. Metabolic regulators such as AMPK, HIF-1α, mTOR, and Arf6 are linked to neutrophil metabolism and function and could potentially be targeted for the treatment of diseases associated with neutrophil dysfunction. This review details the effects of alterations in neutrophil metabolism on the effector functions of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier-Olivier Leblanc
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sylvain G Bourgoin
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrice E Poubelle
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Philippe A Tessier
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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2
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Diwan B, Yadav R, Goyal R, Sharma R. Sustained exposure to high glucose induces differential expression of cellular senescence markers in murine macrophages but impairs immunosurveillance response to senescent cells secretome. Biogerontology 2024; 25:627-647. [PMID: 38240923 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The influence of chronic diseases on various facets of macrophage cellular senescence is poorly understood. This study evaluated the impact of chronic hyperglycemia on the induction of cellular senescence and subsequent immunosurveillance functions in RAW264.7 macrophages. Macrophages were cultured under normal glucose (NG; 5 mM), high glucose (HG; 20 mM), and very high glucose (VHG; 40 mM) conditions and assessed for markers of cellular senescence. Hyperglycemia induced strong upregulation of SA-β-gal activity, and loss of PCNA and Lamin B1 gene expression while markers of cell cycle arrest generally decreased. Non-significant changes in SASP-related proteins were observed while ROS levels slightly decreased and mitochondrial membrane potential increased. Protein concentration on the exosome membrane surface and their stability appeared to increase under hyperglycemic conditions. However, when macrophages were exposed to the secretory media (SM) of senescent preadipocytes, a dramatic increase in the levels of all inflammatory proteins was recorded especially in the VHG group that was also accompanied by upregulation of NF-κB and NLRP3 gene expression. SM treatment to hyperglycemic macrophages activated the TLR-2/Myd88 pathway but decreased the expression of scavenger receptors RAGE, CD36, and Olr-1 while CD44 and CXCL16 expression increased. On exposure to LPS, a strong upregulation in NO, ROS, and inflammatory cytokines was observed. Together, these results suggest that primary markers of cellular senescence are aberrantly expressed under chronic hyperglycemic conditions in macrophages with no significant SASP activation. Nonetheless, hyperglycemia strongly deregulates macrophage functions leading to impaired immunosurveillance of senescent cells and aggravation of inflamm-aging. This work provides novel insights into how hyperglycemia-induced dysfunctions can impact the potency of macrophages to manage senescent cell burden in aging tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Diwan
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India.
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3
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Tran N, Mills EL. Redox regulation of macrophages. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103123. [PMID: 38615489 PMCID: PMC11026845 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox signaling, a mode of signal transduction that involves the transfer of electrons from a nucleophilic to electrophilic molecule, has emerged as an essential regulator of inflammatory macrophages. Redox reactions are driven by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) and redox-sensitive metabolites such as fumarate and itaconate, which can post-translationally modify specific cysteine residues in target proteins. In the past decade our understanding of how ROS, RNS, and redox-sensitive metabolites control macrophage function has expanded dramatically. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence of how ROS, RNS, and metabolites regulate macrophage function and how this is dysregulated with disease. We highlight the key tools to assess redox signaling and important questions that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhien Tran
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evanna L Mills
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Cirilo MAS, Santos VBS, Lima NKS, Muzi-Filho H, Paixão ADO, Vieyra A, Vieira LD. Reactive oxygen species impair Na+ transport and renal components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system after paraquat poisoning. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230971. [PMID: 38597493 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridyl dichloride) is an herbicide widely used worldwide and officially banned in Brazil in 2020. Kidney lesions frequently occur, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) due to exacerbated reactive O2 species (ROS) production. However, the consequences of ROS exposure on ionic transport and the regulator local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) still need to be elucidated at a molecular level. This study evaluated how ROS acutely influences Na+-transporting ATPases and the renal RAAS. Adult male Wistar rats received paraquat (20 mg/kg; ip). After 24 h, we observed body weight loss and elevation of urinary flow and serum creatinine. In the renal cortex, paraquat increased ROS levels, NADPH oxidase and (Na++K+)ATPase activities, angiotensin II-type 1 receptors, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6. In the medulla, paraquat increased ROS levels and NADPH oxidase activity but inhibited (Na++K+)ATPase. Paraquat induced opposite effects on the ouabain-resistant Na+-ATPase in the cortex (decrease) and medulla (increase). These alterations, except for increased serum creatinine and renal levels of TNF-α and interleukin-6, were prevented by 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (tempol; 1 mmol/L in drinking water), a stable antioxidant. In summary, after paraquat poisoning, ROS production culminated with impaired medullary function, urinary fluid loss, and disruption of Na+-transporting ATPases and angiotensin II signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marry A S Cirilo
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Professor Moraes Rego Ave., University City, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria B S Santos
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Professor Moraes Rego Ave., University City, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Natália K S Lima
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Professor Moraes Rego Ave., University City, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Humberto Muzi-Filho
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Center for Research in Precision Medicine, First Floor, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Carlos Chagas Filho Ave., University City, 21941-904 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, 373 Carlos Chagas Filho Ave., University City, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, 373 Carlos Chagas Filho Ave., University City, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana D O Paixão
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Professor Moraes Rego Ave., University City, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Center for Research in Precision Medicine, First Floor, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Carlos Chagas Filho Ave., University City, 21941-904 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, 373 Carlos Chagas Filho Ave., University City, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, 373 Carlos Chagas Filho Ave., University City, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Grande Rio University, 1160 Professor José de Souza Herdy Street, Building C, Second Floor, 25071-202 Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leucio D Vieira
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Professor Moraes Rego Ave., University City, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, 373 Carlos Chagas Filho Ave., University City, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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5
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Gibbings SL, Haist KC, Redente EF, Henson PM, Bratton DL. TNFα: TNFR1 signaling inhibits maturation and maintains the pro-inflammatory programming of monocyte-derived macrophages in murine chronic granulomatous disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354836. [PMID: 38404573 PMCID: PMC10884288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of NADPH oxidase activity results in proinflammatory macrophages that contribute to hyperinflammation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). Previously, it was shown in a zymosan-induced peritonitis model that gp91phox-/- (CGD) monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMacs) fail to phenotypically mature into pro-resolving MoMacs characteristic of wild type (WT) but retain the ability to do so when placed in the WT milieu. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that soluble factor(s) in the CGD milieu thwart appropriate programming. Methods We sought to identify key constituents using ex vivo culture of peritoneal inflammatory leukocytes and their conditioned media. MoMac phenotyping was performed via flow cytometry, measurement of efferocytic capacity and multiplex analysis of secreted cytokines. Addition of exogenous TNFα, TNFα neutralizing antibody and TNFR1-/- MoMacs were used to study the role of TNFα: TNFR1 signaling in MoMac maturation. Results More extensive phenotyping defined normal MoMac maturation and demonstrated failure of maturation of CGD MoMacs both ex vivo and in vivo. Protein components, and specifically TNFα, produced and released by CGD neutrophils and MoMacs into conditioned media was identified as critical to preventing maturation. Exogenous addition of TNFα inhibited WT MoMac maturation, and its neutralization allowed maturation of cultured CGD MoMacs. TNFα neutralization also reduced production of IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1 by CGD cells though these cytokines played no role in MoMac programming. MoMacs lacking TNFR1 matured more normally in the CGD milieu both ex vivo and following adoptive transfer in vivo. Discussion These data lend mechanistic insights into the utility of TNFα blockade in CGD and to other diseases where such therapy has been shown to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Gibbings
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey C. Haist
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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6
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Sacco KA, Gazzin A, Notarangelo LD, Delmonte OM. Granulomatous inflammation in inborn errors of immunity. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1110115. [PMID: 36891233 PMCID: PMC9986611 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1110115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulomas have been defined as inflammatory infiltrates formed by recruitment of macrophages and T cells. The three-dimensional spherical structure typically consists of a central core of tissue resident macrophages which may merge into multinucleated giant cells surrounded by T cells at the periphery. Granulomas may be triggered by infectious and non-infectious antigens. Cutaneous and visceral granulomas are common in inborn errors of immunity (IEI), particularly among patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), combined immunodeficiency (CID), and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). The estimated prevalence of granulomas in IEI ranges from 1%-4%. Infectious agents causing granulomas such Mycobacteria and Coccidioides presenting atypically may be 'sentinel' presentations for possible underlying immunodeficiency. Deep sequencing of granulomas in IEI has revealed non-classical antigens such as wild-type and RA27/3 vaccine-strain Rubella virus. Granulomas in IEI are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The heterogeneity of granuloma presentation in IEI presents challenges for mechanistic approaches to treatment. In this review, we discuss the main infectious triggers for granulomas in IEI and the major forms of IEI presenting with 'idiopathic' non-infectious granulomas. We also discuss models to study granulomatous inflammation and the impact of deep-sequencing technology while searching for infectious triggers of granulomatous inflammation. We summarize the overarching goals of management and highlight the therapeutic options reported for specific granuloma presentations in IEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Sacco
- Department of Pulmonology, Section of Allergy-Immunology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Andrea Gazzin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ottavia M Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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7
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Gibbings SL, Haist KC, Nick H, Frasch SC, Glass TH, Vestal B, Danhorn T, Mould KJ, Henson PM, Bratton DL. Heightened turnover and failed maturation of monocyte-derived macrophages in murine chronic granulomatous disease. Blood 2022; 139:1707-1721. [PMID: 34699591 PMCID: PMC8931516 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of NADPH oxidase activity leads to altered phagocyte responses and exaggerated inflammation in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). We sought to assess the effects of Nox2 absence on monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMacs) in gp91phox-/y mice during zymosan-induced peritonitis. MoMacs from CGD and wild-type (WT) peritonea were characterized over time after zymosan injection. Although numbers lavaged from both genotypes were virtually identical, there were marked differences in maturation: newly recruited WT MoMacs rapidly enlarged and matured, losing Ly6C and gaining MHCII, CD206, and CD36, whereas CGD MoMacs remained small and were mostly Ly6C+MHCII-. RNA-sequencing analyses showed few intrinsic differences between genotypes in newly recruited MoMacs but significant differences with time. WT MoMacs displayed changes in metabolism, adhesion, and reparative functions, whereas CGD MoMacs remained inflammatory. PKH dye labeling revealed that although WT MoMacs were mostly recruited within the first 24 hours and remained in the peritoneum while maturing and enlarging, CGD monocytes streamed into the peritoneum for days, with many migrating to the diaphragm where they were found in fibrin(ogen) clots surrounding clusters of neutrophils in nascent pyogranulomata. Importantly, these observations seemed to be driven by milieu: adoptive transfer of CGD MoMacs into inflamed peritonea of WT mice resulted in immunophenotypic maturation and normal behavior, whereas altered maturation/behavior of WT MoMacs resulted from transfer into inflamed peritonea of CGD mice. In addition, Nox2-deficient MoMacs behaved similarly to their Nox2-sufficient counterparts within the largely WT milieu of mixed bone marrow chimeras. These data show persistent recruitment with fundamental failure of MoMac maturation in CGD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey C Haist
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Heidi Nick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | | | - Teagan H Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | | | | | - Kara J Mould
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO; and
| | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Donna L Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
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8
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Yuan Q, Basit A, Liang W, Qu R, Luan Y, Ren C, Li A, Xu X, Liu X, Yang C, Kuo A, Pierce R, Zhang L, Turk B, Hu X, Li F, Cui W, Li R, Huang D, Mo L, Sessa WC, Lee PJ, Kluger Y, Su B, Tang W, He J, Wu D. Pazopanib ameliorates acute lung injuries via inhibition of MAP3K2 and MAP3K3. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/591/eabc2499. [PMID: 33910977 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) causes high mortality and lacks any pharmacological intervention. Here, we found that pazopanib ameliorated ALI manifestations and reduced mortality in mouse ALI models and reduced edema in human lung transplantation recipients. Pazopanib inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (MAP3K2)- and MAP3K3-mediated phosphorylation of NADPH oxidase 2 subunit p47phox at Ser208 to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in myeloid cells. Genetic inactivation of MAP3K2 and MAP3K3 in myeloid cells or hematopoietic mutation of p47phox Ser208 to alanine attenuated ALI manifestations and abrogates anti-ALI effects of pazopanib. This myeloid MAP3K2/MAP3K3-p47phox pathway acted via paracrine H2O2 to enhance pulmonary vasculature integrity and promote lung epithelial cell survival and proliferation, leading to increased pulmonary barrier function and resistance to ALI. Thus, pazopanib has the potential to be effective for treating ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Yuan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Abdul Basit
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery/Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Rihao Qu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yi Luan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chunguang Ren
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ao Li
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery/Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery/Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery/Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Andrew Kuo
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard Pierce
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Longbo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Benjamin Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fangyong Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Weixue Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery/Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Run Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery/Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Danxia Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery/Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lili Mo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery/Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - William C Sessa
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Patty J Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Wenwen Tang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery/Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Dianqing Wu
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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9
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Dumas A, Knaus UG. Raising the 'Good' Oxidants for Immune Protection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698042. [PMID: 34149739 PMCID: PMC8213335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox medicine is a new therapeutic concept targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secondary reaction products for health benefit. The concomitant function of ROS as intracellular second messengers and extracellular mediators governing physiological redox signaling, and as damaging radicals instigating or perpetuating various pathophysiological conditions will require selective strategies for therapeutic intervention. In addition, the reactivity and quantity of the oxidant species generated, its source and cellular location in a defined disease context need to be considered to achieve the desired outcome. In inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative damage and tissue injury, ROS source specific inhibitors may provide more benefit than generalized removal of ROS. Contemporary approaches in immunity will also include the preservation or even elevation of certain oxygen metabolites to restore or improve ROS driven physiological functions including more effective redox signaling and cell-microenvironment communication, and to induce mucosal barrier integrity, eubiosis and repair processes. Increasing oxidants by host-directed immunomodulation or by exogenous supplementation seems especially promising for improving host defense. Here, we summarize examples of beneficial ROS in immune homeostasis, infection, and acute inflammatory disease, and address emerging therapeutic strategies for ROS augmentation to induce and strengthen protective host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Dumas
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Moghadam ZM, Henneke P, Kolter J. From Flies to Men: ROS and the NADPH Oxidase in Phagocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628991. [PMID: 33842458 PMCID: PMC8033005 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) represents an evolutionary ancient antimicrobial defense system against microorganisms. The NADPH oxidases (NOX), which are predominantly localized to endosomes, and the electron transport chain in mitochondria are the major sources of ROS. Like any powerful immunological process, ROS formation has costs, in particular collateral tissue damage of the host. Moreover, microorganisms have developed defense mechanisms against ROS, an example for an arms race between species. Thus, although NOX orthologs have been identified in organisms as diverse as plants, fruit flies, rodents, and humans, ROS functions have developed and diversified to affect a multitude of cellular properties, i.e., far beyond direct antimicrobial activity. Here, we focus on the development of NOX in phagocytic cells, where the so-called respiratory burst in phagolysosomes contributes to the elimination of ingested microorganisms. Yet, NOX participates in cellular signaling in a cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic manner, e.g., via the release of ROS into the extracellular space. Accordingly, in humans, the inherited deficiency of NOX components is characterized by infections with bacteria and fungi and a seemingly independently dysregulated inflammatory response. Since ROS have both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, their tight regulation in space and time is required for an efficient and well-balanced immune response, which allows for the reestablishment of tissue homeostasis. In addition, distinct NOX homologs expressed by non-phagocytic cells and mitochondrial ROS are interlinked with phagocytic NOX functions and thus affect the overall redox state of the tissue and the cellular activity in a complex fashion. Overall, the systematic and comparative analysis of cellular ROS functions in organisms of lower complexity provides clues for understanding the contribution of ROS and ROS deficiency to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mansoori Moghadam
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kolter
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Lind S, Dahlgren C, Holmdahl R, Olofsson P, Forsman H. Functional selective FPR1 signaling in favor of an activation of the neutrophil superoxide generating NOX2 complex. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:1105-1120. [PMID: 33040403 PMCID: PMC8246850 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2hi0520-317r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formyl peptide receptors FPR1 and FPR2 are abundantly expressed by neutrophils, in which they regulate proinflammatory tissue recruitment of inflammatory cells, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and resolution of inflammatory reactions. The unique dual functionality of the FPRs makes them attractive targets to develop FPR‐based therapeutics as novel anti‐inflammatory treatments. The small compound RE‐04‐001 has earlier been identified as an inducer of ROS in differentiated HL60 cells but the precise target and the mechanism of action of the compound was has until now not been elucidated. In this study, we reveal that RE‐04‐001 specifically targets and activates FPR1, and the concentrations needed to activate the neutrophil NADPH‐oxidase was very low (EC50 ∼1 nM). RE‐04‐001 was also found to be a neutrophil chemoattractant, but when compared to the prototype FPR1 agonist N‐formyl‐Met‐Leu‐Phe (fMLF), the concentrations required were comparably high, suggesting that signaling downstream of the RE‐04‐001‐activated‐FPR1 is functionally selective. In addition, the RE‐04‐001‐induced response was strongly biased toward the PLC‐PIP2‐Ca2+ pathway and ERK1/2 activation but away from β‐arrestin recruitment. Compared to the peptide agonist fMLF, RE‐04‐001 is more resistant to inactivation by the MPO‐H2O2‐halide system. In summary, this study describes RE‐04‐001 as a novel small molecule agonist specific for FPR1, which displays a biased signaling profile that leads to a functional selective activating of human neutrophils. RE‐04‐001 is, therefore, a useful tool, not only for further mechanistic studies of the regulatory role of FPR1 in inflammation in vitro and in vivo, but also for developing FPR1‐specific drug therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lind
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Olofsson
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Ganeb S, Egaila S, Hamed A, Hassan W. Significance of serum albumin and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio score in assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43166-020-00010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Albumin and derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) are known biomarkers that can reflect systemic inflammation and it has been hypothesized that combination of both markers in one score (albumin-dNLR score) can be useful in monitoring rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The current study intended to measure albumin -dNLR score in patients with RA in the order to find whether these new biomarkers could reflect the activity of the disease and the articular activity detected by ultrasonography. We measured serum albumin and dNLR in blood samples obtained from 100 RA patients and from 100 apparently healthy controls (HC). Albumin -dNLR score was calculated according to the presence of hypoalbuminemia (≤ 3.76 gm/dl) and/or raised dNLR (>1.37).
Results
RA patients had a significantly elevated dNLR (p< 0.001) and albumin-dNLR score (p< 0.001) compared to their levels in HC, while serum albumin was significantly decreased (p< 0.001) in RA patients than its level in HC. In RA patients, albumin-dNLR score correlated significantly with DAS28 (p< 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p< 0.001), C-reactive protein (p< 0.001), grey scale (p< 0.001), power Doppler (p< 0.001) and total ultrasound score (p< 0.001). Also, tender joint count, ESR and albumin-dNLR score were significant predictors of DAS28 in multivariate regression analysis.
Conclusions
Our study settled that albumin - dNLR score is increased in RA patients than in healthy subjects. The score correlated well with DAS28, acute phase reactants, and ultrasonographic synovitis scores implying that it could be an easy valuable biomarker to monitor RA disease activity.
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13
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El-Mokhtar MA, Salama EH, Fahmy EM, Mohamed ME. "Clinical Aspects of Chronic Granulomatous Disease in Upper Egypt". Immunol Invest 2020; 50:139-151. [PMID: 31965875 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1713144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited primary immunodeficiency disorder that affects phagocytes and is characterized by a marked increased susceptibility to severe bacterial and fungal infections. We aimed to describe the clinical presentations of pediatric patients with CGD in Upper Egypt and to identify the defective component of NADPH oxidase. Pediatric patients diagnosed with CGD within one year from January 2018 to January 2019 were enrolled in the study. Patient history, clinical and laboratory investigations were carried out, including nitroblue tetrazolium test and flow cytometry DHR analysis. Infectious microorganisms were isolated from infected sites to identify the causative agents and their resistance profile. A total of 15 patients were diagnosed with CGD. Failure to thrive and lymphadenopathy were the most common presentations. The median age of clinical onset was 1.17 years of age. The most common gene mutations were observed in the CYBA gene. All cases showed pulmonary infections followed by abscesses. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens, Aspergillus spp and Candida spp were isolated from fungal infections. 4/15 (26.7%) children died due to severe serious infections. We concluded that CGD is common in Upper Egypt, and we recommend raising the awareness and testing for CGD in pediatric patients with recurrent or persistent infections, especially those with a familiar history of similar manifestations to avoid delays in proper diagnosis and deterioration of cases. Abbreviations: CGD: chronic granulomatous disease; XL: X-linked; AR: autosomal recessive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt
| | - Eman H Salama
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University , Sohag, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohamed Fahmy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University , Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mona Embarek Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt
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14
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Dahlgren C, Björnsdottir H, Sundqvist M, Christenson K, Bylund J. Measurement of Respiratory Burst Products, Released or Retained, During Activation of Professional Phagocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2087:301-324. [PMID: 31729000 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0154-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Activation of professional phagocytes, potent microbial killers of our innate immune system, is associated with an increased cellular consumption of molecular oxygen (O2). The O2 molecules consumed are reduced by electrons delivered by a membrane localized NADPH-oxidase that initially generate one- and two electron reduced superoxide anions (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), respectively. These oxidants can then be processed into other highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can kill microbes, but that may also cause tissue destruction and drive other immune cells into apoptosis. The development of basic techniques to measure and quantify ROS generation by phagocytes is of great importance, and a large number of methods have been used for this purpose. A selection of methods (including chemiluminescence amplified by luminol or isoluminol, absorbance change following reduction of cytochrome c, and fluorescence increase upon oxidation of PHPA) are described in detail in this chapter with special emphasis on how to distinguish between ROS that are released extracellularly, and those that are retained within intracellular organelles. These techniques can be valuable tools in research spanning from basic phagocyte biology to diagnosis of diseases linked to the NADPH-oxidase and more clinically oriented research on innate immune mechanisms and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Halla Björnsdottir
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Lind S, Sundqvist M, Holmdahl R, Dahlgren C, Forsman H, Olofsson P. Functional and signaling characterization of the neutrophil FPR2 selective agonist Act-389949. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 166:163-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Anjani G, Vignesh P, Joshi V, Shandilya JK, Bhattarai D, Sharma J, Rawat A. Recent advances in chronic granulomatous disease. Genes Dis 2019; 7:84-92. [PMID: 32181279 PMCID: PMC7063432 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited defect of phagocyte function due to defective NADPH oxidase. Patients with CGD are not able to effectively clear the infections because of the defect in the phagocyte production of oxygen free radicals and are prone to recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. Inflammatory complications are also noted in CGD such as colitis, non-infective granulomas causing gastrointestinal or urinary tract obstruction, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and arthritis. Studies on toll-like receptor pathways and neutrophil extracellular traps in CGD have shed light on the role of NADPH oxidase in the innate immunity and pathogenesis of infections in CGD. Some reports also indicate a reduction of memory B cells and defective production of functional antibodies in CGD. Though the exact mechanisms for non-infective inflammatory complications in CGD are not yet clear, studies on efferocytosis and defective autophagy with inflammasome activation have made a substantial contribution to our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammation in CGD. We also discuss the clinical and molecular features of p40phox defects and a newer genetic defect, EROS. Clinical phenotypes of X-linked carriers of CYBB are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pandiarajan Vignesh
- Corresponding author. Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. Fax: +91 172 2744401.
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17
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Dahlgren C, Karlsson A, Bylund J. Intracellular Neutrophil Oxidants: From Laboratory Curiosity to Clinical Reality. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3127-3134. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Nordzieke DE, Medraño-Fernandez I. The Plasma Membrane: A Platform for Intra- and Intercellular Redox Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7110168. [PMID: 30463362 PMCID: PMC6262572 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranes are of outmost importance to allow for specific signal transduction due to their ability to localize, amplify, and direct signals. However, due to the double-edged nature of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—toxic at high concentrations but essential signal molecules—subcellular localization of ROS-producing systems to the plasma membrane has been traditionally regarded as a protective strategy to defend cells from unwanted side-effects. Nevertheless, specialized regions, such as lipid rafts and caveolae, house and regulate the activated/inhibited states of important ROS-producing systems and concentrate redox targets, demonstrating that plasma membrane functions may go beyond acting as a securing lipid barrier. This is nicely evinced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidases (NOX), enzymes whose primary function is to generate ROS and which have been shown to reside in specific lipid compartments. In addition, membrane-inserted bidirectional H2O2-transporters modulate their conductance precisely during the passage of the molecules through the lipid bilayer, ensuring time-scaled delivery of the signal. This review aims to summarize current evidence supporting the role of the plasma membrane as an organizing center that serves as a platform for redox signal transmission, particularly NOX-driven, providing specificity at the same time that limits undesirable oxidative damage in case of malfunction. As an example of malfunction, we explore several pathological situations in which an inflammatory component is present, such as inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative disorders, to illustrate how dysregulation of plasma-membrane-localized redox signaling impacts normal cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E Nordzieke
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Georg August University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Iria Medraño-Fernandez
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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19
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Kroon EE, Coussens AK, Kinnear C, Orlova M, Möller M, Seeger A, Wilkinson RJ, Hoal EG, Schurr E. Neutrophils: Innate Effectors of TB Resistance? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2637. [PMID: 30487797 PMCID: PMC6246713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain individuals are able to resist Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection despite persistent and intense exposure. These persons do not exhibit adaptive immune priming as measured by tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) responses, nor do they develop active tuberculosis (TB). Genetic investigation of individuals who are able to resist M. tuberculosis infection shows there are likely a combination of genetic variants that contribute to the phenotype. The contribution of the innate immune system and the exact cells involved in this phenotype remain incompletely elucidated. Neutrophils are prominent candidates for possible involvement as primers for microbial clearance. Significant variability is observed in neutrophil gene expression and DNA methylation. Furthermore, inter-individual variability is seen between the mycobactericidal capacities of donor neutrophils. Clearance of M. tuberculosis infection is favored by the mycobactericidal activity of neutrophils, apoptosis, effective clearance of cells by macrophages, and resolution of inflammation. In this review we will discuss the different mechanisms neutrophils utilize to clear M. tuberculosis infection. We discuss the duality between neutrophils' ability to clear infection and how increasing numbers of neutrophils contribute to active TB severity and mortality. Further investigation into the potential role of neutrophils in innate immune-mediated M. tuberculosis infection resistance is warranted since it may reveal clinically important activities for prevention as well as vaccine and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elouise E Kroon
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna K Coussens
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Infection and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Division of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig Kinnear
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marianna Orlova
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marlo Möller
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Allison Seeger
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen G Hoal
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Wang X, Qiu L, Li Z, Wang XY, Yi H. Understanding the Multifaceted Role of Neutrophils in Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2456. [PMID: 30473691 PMCID: PMC6237929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are one of the first immune cell types that are recruited to injury and infection site. As a vital component of the immune system, neutrophils are heterogeneous immune cells known to have phagocytic property and function in inflammation. Recent studies revealed that neutrophils play dual roles in tumor initiation, development, and progression. The multifunctional roles of neutrophils in diseases are mainly due to their production of different effector molecules under different conditions. N1 and N2 neutrophils or high density neutrophils (HDNs) and low density neutrophils (LDNs) have been used to distinguish neutrophils subpopulations with pro- vs. anti-tumor activity, respectively. Indeed, N1 and N2 neutrophils also represent immunostimulating and immunosuppressive subsets, respectively, in cancer. The emerging studies support their multifaceted roles in autoimmune diseases. Although such subsets are rarely identified in autoimmune diseases, some unique subsets of neutrophils, including low density granulocytes (LDGs) and CD177+ neutrophils, have been reported. Given the heterogeneity and functional plasticity of neutrophils, it is necessary to understand the phenotypical and functional features of neutrophils in disease status. In this article, we review the multifaceted activates of neutrophils in cancer and autoimmune diseases, which may support new classification of neutrophils to help understand their important functions in immune homeostasis and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Central laboratory of Eastern Division, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Central laboratory of Eastern Division, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Central laboratory of Eastern Division, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency, with a defect of phagocytes in killing specific pathogens. CGD is characterized by severe recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and dysregulated inflammatory response. Since its first description as fatal disease about 60 years ago, a significant improvement in outcome has been achieved in the last 20 years. The purpose of this review is to framework recent advances in CGD immunopathogenesis, management of disease manifestation and cure of CGD patients. RECENT FINDINGS For years, CGD is a known cause of life-threatening infections and excessive inflammation. The cause and the management of inflammatory reactions, however, have not been clarified, and the range of clinical presentation is growing with corresponding novel therapeutic interventions. Recent work focuses on the best outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and gene therapy for the cure of CGD patients, more specifically, those with X-linked and p47 mutations. SUMMARY The genetics and phenotype of CGD is well characterized; however, the underlying mechanisms, the treatment of its inflammatory manifestations and the cure of CGD is under further investigation.
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22
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Nedoszytko B, Lange M, Renke J, Niedoszytko M, Zabłotna M, Gleń J, Nowicki R. The Possible Role of Gene Variant Coding Nonfunctional Toll-Like Receptor 2 in the Pathogenesis of Mastocytosis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 177:80-86. [PMID: 29909409 DOI: 10.1159/000489343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the genetic predisposition to mastocytosis are scarce. The aim of this work was to study the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, and TLR-9 genes in Polish patients with mastocytosis. OBJECTIVES The study comprised 137 patients with mastocytosis (102 cutaneous [60 children and 42 adults] and 35 systemic cases); 171 disease-free individuals were used as controls. METHOD The frequency of polymorphisms R753Q (rs5743708) of TLR-2, 896 A>G (rs496790) of TLR-4, and -1237C>T (rs5743836) of TLR-9 genes were determined with the use of the amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS It was found that the R753Q TLR-2 gene polymorphism was significantly more frequent in patients with mastocytosis in comparison to healthy controls (p = 0.037) and in the group of SM versus controls (p = 0.0076). The presence in the genotype 753Q variant of TLR-2 gene increased the risk of mastocytosis more than 2-fold (OR 2.51; p = 0.04), and the risk of SM more than 4-fold (OR 4.22; p = 0.01). TLR-4 and TLR-9 polymorphisms were not associated with mastocytosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the R753Q polymorphism of the TLR-2 gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of mastocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lange
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Renke
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Zabłotna
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Gleń
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Roman Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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23
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Wolach B, Gavrieli R, de Boer M, van Leeuwen K, Wolach O, Grisaru-Soen G, Broides A, Etzioni A, Somech R, Roos D. Analysis of Chronic Granulomatous Disease in the Kavkazi Population in Israel Reveals Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Patients with the Same NCF1 mutation (c.579G>A). J Clin Immunol 2018; 38:193-203. [PMID: 29411231 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-018-0475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an innate immune deficiency disorder of phagocytes, resulting from mutations in the components of the NADPH oxidase complex that impair the synthesis of oxygen radicals, thus rendering patients susceptible to recurrent infections and excessive hyperinflammatory responses. The most common autosomal recessive form of CGD is p47phox deficiency, which is often clinically milder than the more common X-linked recessive form. Here, we report data on genetics, clinical and biochemical findings in 17 CGD patients of Kavkazi origin with the nonsense mutation c.579G>A in the NCF1 gene, leading to p47phox deficiency. METHODS Diagnosis was based on detailed clinical evaluation, respiratory burst activity by cytochrome c reduction and dihydrorhodamine-1,2,3 (DHR) assay by flow cytometry, expression of p47phox by immunoblotting and molecular confirmation by DNA sequence analysis. RESULTS Twelve male and five female patients with median age at onset of 2.5 years (range 1 day to 9 years) were included in the study. The present cohort displays an encouraging 88% overall long-term survival, with median follow-up of 17 years. Clinical manifestations varied from mild to severe expression of the disease. Correlation between genotype and phenotype is unpredictable, although the Kavkazi patients were more severely affected than other patients with p47phox deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Kavkazi CGD patients harbor a common genetic mutation that is associated with a heterogeneous clinical phenotype. Early diagnosis and proper clinical management in an experienced phagocytic leukocyte center is imperative to ensure favorable patient outcome. New treatment strategies are ongoing, but results are not yet conclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Wolach
- Pediatric Hematology Clinic and the Laboratory for Leukocyte Function, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky St., 44281 Kfar Saba, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Ronit Gavrieli
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Laboratory for Leukocyte Function, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Martin de Boer
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin van Leeuwen
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ofir Wolach
- Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Galia Grisaru-Soen
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arnon Broides
- Immunology Clinic, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amos Etzioni
- Meyer Children's Hospital and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Immunology Service, Department of Pediatrics, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dirk Roos
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sundqvist M, Christenson K, Björnsdottir H, Osla V, Karlsson A, Dahlgren C, Speert DP, Fasth A, Brown KL, Bylund J. Elevated Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species and Cellular Redox Imbalance in Human NADPH-Oxidase-Deficient Phagocytes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1828. [PMID: 29375548 PMCID: PMC5744066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is caused by mutations in genes that encode the NADPH-oxidase and result in a failure of phagocytic cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) via this enzyme system. Patients with CGD are highly susceptible to infections and often suffer from inflammatory disorders; the latter occurs in the absence of infection and correlates with the spontaneous production of inflammatory cytokines. This clinical feature suggests that NADPH-oxidase-derived ROS are not required for, or may even suppress, inflammatory processes. Experimental evidence, however, implies that ROS are in fact required for inflammatory cytokine production. By using a myeloid cell line devoid of a functional NADPH-oxidase and primary CGD cells, we analyzed intracellular oxidants, signs of oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokine production. Herein, we demonstrate that phagocytes lacking a functional NADPH-oxidase, namely primary CGD phagocytes and a gp91phox-deficient cell line, display elevated levels of ROS derived from mitochondria. Accordingly, these cells, despite lacking the major source of cellular ROS, display clear signs of oxidative stress, including an induced expression of antioxidants and altered oxidation of cell surface thiols. These observed changes in redox state were not due to abnormalities in mitochondrial mass or membrane integrity. Finally, we demonstrate that increased mitochondrial ROS enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and induced production of IL8, findings that correlate with previous observations of increased MAPK activation and inflammatory cytokine production in CGD cells. Our data show that elevated baseline levels of mitochondria-derived oxidants lead to the counter-intuitive observation that CGD phagocytes are under oxidative stress and have enhanced MAPK signaling, which may contribute to the elevated basal production of inflammatory cytokines and the sterile inflammatory manifestations in CGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sundqvist
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Halla Björnsdottir
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Veronica Osla
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David P Speert
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Understanding and Preventing Infection in Children, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anders Fasth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kelly L Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia at The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute (Formerly the Child and Family Research Institute), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Johan Bylund
- The Phagocyte Research Group, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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25
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Wu H, Jiang K, Yin N, Ma X, Zhao G, Qiu C, Deng G. Thymol mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis by regulating the TLR4- and ROS-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20042-20055. [PMID: 28223539 PMCID: PMC5386742 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thymol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and to clarify the potential mechanism of these effects. LPS-induced mouse endometritis was used to confirm the anti-inflammatory action of thymol in vivo. RAW264.7 cells were used to examine the molecular mechanism and targets of thymol in vitro. In vivo, thymol markedly alleviated LPS-induced pathological injury, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in mice. Further studies were performed to examine the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) -mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. These results showed that the expression of the TLR4-mediated NF-κB pathway was inhibited by thymol treatment. In vitro, we observed that thymol dose-dependently inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, the results obtained from immunofluorescence assays also indicated that thymol dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Silencing of TLR4 inhibited NF-κB pathway activation. Furthermore, H2O2 treatment increased the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα, which were decreased when treated with N-acetyl cysteine or thymol. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effects of thymol are associated with activation of the TLR4 or ROS signaling pathways, contributing to NF-κB activation, thereby alleviating LPS-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Yin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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26
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Nanoudis S, Tsona A, Tsachouridou O, Morfesis P, Loli G, Georgiou A, Zebekakis P, Metallidis S. Pyoderma gangrenosum in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7718. [PMID: 28767612 PMCID: PMC5626166 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The simultaneous occurrence of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is uncommon and few cases have been reported worldwide. PATIENT CONCERNS PG is a rare, chronic, ulcerative, neutrophilic skin disease of unknown etiology that requires immunosuppressive treatment. CGD belongs to Primary Immune Deficiencies in which the main defect lies in an inability of the phagocytic cells to generate superoxide making patients susceptible to serious, potentially life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. DIAGNOSES In this manuscript, we present a case of ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum in a 28-year-old man with recent diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease during hospitalization for resistant pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with Aspergillus infection. INTERVENTIONS Second-line therapy with dapsone and intravenous immunoglobulin was initially administered but eventually corticosteroids were added to treatment because of disease progression and further ulceration. OUTCOMES Patient's ulcers were gradually healed with no side effects. LESSONS Corticosteroids could be used under close monitoring for the treatment of PG in a patient with CGD, despite the increased risk for infections.
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27
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Albuquerque AS, Fernandes SM, Tendeiro R, Cheynier R, Lucas M, Silva SL, Victorino RMM, Sousa AE. Major CD4 T-Cell Depletion and Immune Senescence in a Patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:543. [PMID: 28553289 PMCID: PMC5425576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) results from primary defects in phagocytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. T-cell evaluation is usually neglected during patients’ follow-up, although T-cell depletion has been reported in CGD through unknown mechanisms. We describe here a 36-year-old patient with X-linked CGD with severe CD4 T-cell depletion <200 CD4 T-cells/μl, providing insights into the mechanisms that underlie T-cell loss in the context of oxidative burst defects. In addition to the typical infections, the patient featured a progressive T-cell loss associated with persistent lymphocyte activation, expansion of interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4 T-cells, and impaired thymic activity, leading to a reduced replenishment of the T-cell pool. A relative CD4 depletion was also found at the gut mucosal level, although no bias to IL-17-production was documented. This immunological pattern of exhaustion of immune resources favors prompt, potentially curative, therapeutic interventions in CGD patients, namely, stem-cell transplantation or gene therapy. Moreover, this clinical case raises new research questions on the interplay of ROS production and T-cell homeostasis and immune senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana S Albuquerque
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiência Primárias de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana M Fernandes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Tendeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rémi Cheynier
- Cytokines and Viral Infections, Immunology Infection and Inflammation Department, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Margarida Lucas
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana L Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiência Primárias de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui M M Victorino
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiência Primárias de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana E Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiência Primárias de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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28
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Mortaz E, Adcock IM, Tabarsi P, Darazam IA, Movassaghi M, Garssen J, Jamaati H, Velayati A. Pattern recognitions receptors in immunodeficiency disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 808:49-56. [PMID: 28095323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize common microbial or host-derived macromolecules and have important roles in early activation and response of the immune system. Initiation of the innate immune response starts with the recognition of microbial structures called pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Recognition of PAMPs is performed by germline-encoded receptors expressed mainly on immune cells termed pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and Nod-like receptors (NLRs). Patients with primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) affecting TLR signaling can elucidate the importance of these proteins in the human immune system. Defects in interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) lead to susceptibility to infections with bacteria, while mutations in nuclear factor-κB essential modulator (NEMO) and other downstream mediators generally induce broader susceptibility to bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In contrast, TLR3 signaling defects are associated with susceptibility to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis. Other PIDs induce functional alterations of TLR signaling pathways, such as common variable immunodeficiency in which plasmacytoid dendritic cell defects enhance defective responses of B cells to shared TLR agonists. Altered TLR responses to TLR2 and 4 agonists are seen in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Enhanced TLR responses, meanwhile, are seen for TLRs 5 and 9 in CGD, TLRs 4, 7/8, and 9 in XLA, TLRs 2 and 4 in hyper IgE syndrome (HIES), and for most TLRs in adenosine deaminase deficiency. In this review we provide the reader with an update on the role of TLRs and downstream signaling pathways in PID disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esameil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ilad Alavi Darazam
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Movassaghi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center and National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aliakbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Wang ZJ, Xie JH, Nie SP, Xie MY. Review on cell models to evaluate the potential antioxidant activity of polysaccharides. Food Funct 2017; 8:915-926. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01315e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Owing to various health functions, natural polysaccharides are becoming a kind of popular dietary nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Jian-Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
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30
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Wolach B, Gavrieli R, de Boer M, van Leeuwen K, Berger-Achituv S, Stauber T, Ben Ari J, Rottem M, Schlesinger Y, Grisaru-Soen G, Abuzaitoun O, Marcus N, Zion Garty B, Broides A, Levy J, Stepansky P, Etzioni A, Somech R, Roos D. Chronic granulomatous disease: Clinical, functional, molecular, and genetic studies. The Israeli experience with 84 patients. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:28-36. [PMID: 27701760 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an innate immunodeficiency with a genetic defect of the nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced, oxidase components. This leads to decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which renders patients susceptible to life-threatening infections. Over the course of 30 years, we diagnosed CGD in 84 patients from 61 families using functional, molecular, and genetic studies. The incidence of CGD in Israel is 1.05 per 100,000 live-births in the Jewish population and 1.49 in the Israeli Arab population. We diagnosed 52 patients (62%) with autosomal recessive inheritance (AR-CGD) and 32 (38%) with X-linked recessive inheritance (XLR-CGD). Consanguinity was detected in 64% of AR-CGD families (14% in Jews and 50% in Israeli Arabs). We found 36 different mutations (23 in XLR-CGD and 13 in AR-CGD patients), 15 of which were new. The clinical spectrum of CGD varied from mild to severe disease in both XLR and AR forms, although the AR subtype is generally milder. Further, residual ROS production correlated with milder clinical expression, better prognosis and improved overall survival. Patients with recurrent pyogenic infections developed fibrosis and hyperinflammatory states with granuloma formation. The management of CGD has progressed substantially in recent years, evolving from a fatal disease of early childhood to one of long-term survival. Our present cohort displays an encouraging 81% overall long term survival. Early hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is advisable before tissue damage is irreversible. Successful transplantation was performed in 18/21 patients. Therapeutic gene modification could become an alternative cure for CGD. Am. J. Hematol. 92:28-36, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Wolach
- Pediatric Hematology Clinic and the Laboratory for Leukocyte Function, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba Israel, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Ronit Gavrieli
- Pediatric Hematology Clinic and the Laboratory for Leukocyte Function, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba Israel, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Martin de Boer
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Karin van Leeuwen
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sivan Berger-Achituv
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology; Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Tal Stauber
- Immunology Service, Department of Pediatrics, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel and Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Josef Ben Ari
- Meyer Children's Hospital and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
| | - Menachem Rottem
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
| | | | - Galia Grisaru-Soen
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit; Sourasky Medical Center; Tel Aviv Israel
| | | | - Nufar Marcus
- Allergy and Immunology Unit; Schneider Children's Medical Center; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Ben Zion Garty
- Allergy and Immunology Unit; Schneider Children's Medical Center; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Arnon Broides
- Immunology Clinic, Soroka Medical Center; Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Jakov Levy
- Immunology Clinic, Soroka Medical Center; Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Polina Stepansky
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation; Hadassah Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Amos Etzioni
- Meyer Children's Hospital and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- Immunology Service, Department of Pediatrics, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel and Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Dirk Roos
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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31
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Gazendam RP, van de Geer A, van Hamme JL, Helgers L, Rohr J, Chrabieh M, Picard C, Roos D, van den Berg JM, van den Berg T, Kuijpers TW. Proinflammatory cytokine response toward fungi but not bacteria in chronic granulomatous disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:928-930.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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32
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Chiriaco M, Salfa I, Di Matteo G, Rossi P, Finocchi A. Chronic granulomatous disease: Clinical, molecular, and therapeutic aspects. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2016; 27:242-53. [PMID: 26680691 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by defects in the genes encoding any of the NADPH oxidase components responsible for the respiratory burst of phagocytic leukocytes. CGD is a genetically heterogeneous disease with an X-linked recessive (XR-CGD) form caused by mutations in the CYBB gene encoding the gp91(phox) protein, and an autosomal recessive (AR-CGD) form caused by mutations in the CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 genes encoding p22(phox) , p47(phox) , p67(phox) , and p40(phox) , respectively. Patients suffering from this disease are susceptible to severe life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections and excessive inflammation characterized by granuloma formation in any organ, for instance, the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract. An early diagnosis of and the prompt treatment for these conditions are crucial for an optimal outcome of affected patients. To prevent infections, CGD patients should receive lifelong antibiotics and antifungal prophylaxis. These two measures, as well as newer more effective antimicrobials, have significantly modified the natural history of CGD, resulting in a remarkable change in overall survival, which is now around 90%, reaching well into adulthood. At present, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only definitive treatment that can cure CGD and reverse organ dysfunction. Timing, donor selection, and conditioning regimens remain the key points of this therapy. In recent years, gene therapy (GT) for XR-CGD has been proposed as an alternative to HSCT for CGD patients without a matched donor. After the failure of the first trials performed with retroviral vectors, some groups have proposed the use of regulated SIN-lentiviral vectors targeting gp91(phox) expression in myeloid cells to increase the safety and efficacy of the GT protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiriaco
- University Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Salfa
- University Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Di Matteo
- University Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- University Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- University Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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O'Neill S, Brault J, Stasia MJ, Knaus UG. Genetic disorders coupled to ROS deficiency. Redox Biol 2015; 6:135-156. [PMID: 26210446 PMCID: PMC4550764 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the redox balance between generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for health. Disturbances such as continuously elevated ROS levels will result in oxidative stress and development of disease, but likewise, insufficient ROS production will be detrimental to health. Reduced or even complete loss of ROS generation originates mainly from inactivating variants in genes encoding for NADPH oxidase complexes. In particular, deficiency in phagocyte Nox2 oxidase function due to genetic variants (CYBB, CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, NCF4) has been recognized as a direct cause of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an inherited immune disorder. More recently, additional diseases have been linked to functionally altered variants in genes encoding for other NADPH oxidases, such as for DUOX2/DUOXA2 in congenital hypothyroidism, or for the Nox2 complex, NOX1 and DUOX2 as risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease. A comprehensive overview of novel developments in terms of Nox/Duox-deficiency disorders is presented, combined with insights gained from structure-function studies that will aid in predicting functional defects of clinical variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon O'Neill
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie Brault
- Université Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; CGD Diagnosis and Research Centre, Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Jose Stasia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; CGD Diagnosis and Research Centre, Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Maglione PJ, Simchoni N, Cunningham-Rundles C. Toll-like receptor signaling in primary immune deficiencies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1356:1-21. [PMID: 25930993 PMCID: PMC4629506 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize common microbial or host-derived macromolecules and have important roles in early activation of the immune system. Patients with primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) affecting TLR signaling can elucidate the importance of these proteins to the human immune system. Defects in interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) lead to susceptibility to infections with bacteria, while mutations in nuclear factor-κB essential modulator (NEMO) and other downstream mediators generally induce broader susceptibility to bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In contrast, TLR3 signaling defects are specific for susceptibility to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis. Other PIDs induce functional alterations of TLR signaling pathways, such as common variable immunodeficiency in which plasmacytoid dendritic cell defects enhance defective responses of B cells to shared TLR agonists. Dampening of TLR responses is seen for TLRs 2 and 4 in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Enhanced TLR responses, meanwhile, are seen for TLRs 5 and 9 in CGD, TLRs 4, 7/8, and 9 in XLA, TLRs 2 and 4 in hyper IgE syndrome, and for most TLRs in adenosine deaminase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Maglione
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Noa Simchoni
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
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McLetchie S, Volpp BD, Dinauer MC, Blum JS. Hyper-responsive Toll-like receptor 7 and 9 activation in NADPH oxidase-deficient B lymphoblasts. Immunology 2015; 146:595-606. [PMID: 26340429 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited immunodeficiency linked with mutations in the multi-subunit leucocyte NADPH oxidase. Myeloid-derived phagocytic cells deficient in NADPH oxidase fail to produce sufficient levels of reactive oxygen species to clear engulfed pathogens. In this study we show that oxidase also influences B-cell functions, including responses to single-stranded RNA or unmethylated DNA by endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 9. In response to TLR7/9 ligands, B-cell lines derived from patients with CGD with mutations in either the NADPH oxidase p40(phox) or p47(phox) subunits produced only low levels of reactive oxygen species. Remarkably, cytokine secretion and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by these oxidase-deficient B cells was significantly increased upon TLR7/9 activation when compared with oxidase-sufficient B cells. Increased TLR responsiveness was also detected in B cells from oxidase-deficient mice. NADPH oxidase-deficient patient-derived B cells also expressed enhanced levels of TLR7 and TLR9 mRNA and protein compared with the same cells reconstituted to restore oxidase activity. These data demonstrate that the loss of oxidase function associated with CGD can significantly impact B-cell TLR signalling in response to nucleic acids with potential repercussions for auto-reactivity in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna McLetchie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bryan D Volpp
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Northern California Healthcare System, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - Mary C Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Janice S Blum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Park JW, Kwon OK, Kim JH, Oh SR, Kim JH, Paik JH, Marwoto B, Widjhati R, Juniarti F, Irawan D, Ahn KS. Rhododendron album Blume inhibits iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells through the downregulation of NF-κB signaling. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:987-94. [PMID: 25784296 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhododendron album Blume (RA) has traditionally been used as an herbal medicine and is considered to have anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we screened RA extracts with anti-inflammatory properties. The biological effects of an RA methanol extract (RAME) on inflammation were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells. We investigated the effects of RAME on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. To explore the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of RAME, we measured the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators induced by RAME in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. RAME significantly inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. It also suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) with a concomitant decrease in the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results indicate that RAME inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses. These effects were considered to be strongly associated with the suppression of NF-κB activation. We therefore suggest that RAME may be prove to be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyub Paik
- International Biological Material Research Center, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Bambang Marwoto
- Center of Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Rifatul Widjhati
- Center of Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Fifit Juniarti
- Center of Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Doddy Irawan
- Center of Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
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Goldblatt D. Recent advances in chronic granulomatous disease. J Infect 2014; 69 Suppl 1:S32-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang Y, Wang GZ, Rabinovitch PS, Tabas I. Macrophage mitochondrial oxidative stress promotes atherosclerosis and nuclear factor-κB-mediated inflammation in macrophages. Circ Res 2013; 114:421-33. [PMID: 24297735 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitochondrial oxidative stress (mitoOS) has been shown to correlate with the progression of human atherosclerosis. However, definitive cell type-specific causation studies in vivo are lacking, and the molecular mechanisms of potential proatherogenic effects remain to be determined. OBJECTIVE Our aims were to assess the importance of macrophage mitoOS in atherogenesis and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We first validated Western diet-fed Ldlr(-/-) mice as a model of human mitoOS-atherosclerosis association by showing that non-nuclear oxidative DNA damage, a marker of mitoOS in lesional macrophages, correlates with aortic root lesion development. To investigate the importance of macrophage mitoOS, we used a genetic engineering strategy in which the OS suppressor catalase was ectopically expressed in mitochondria (mCAT) in macrophages. MitoOS in lesional macrophages was successfully suppressed in these mice, and this led to a significant reduction in aortic root lesional area. The mCAT lesions had less monocyte-derived cells, less Ly6c(hi) monocyte infiltration into lesions, and lower levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1. The decrease in lesional monocyte chemotactic protein-1 was associated with the suppression of other markers of inflammation and with decreased phosphorylation of RelA (NF-κB p65), indicating decreased activation of the proinflammatory NF-κB pathway. Using models of mitoOS in cultured macrophages, we showed that mCAT suppressed monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression by decreasing the activation of the IκB-kinase β-RelA NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS MitoOS in lesional macrophages amplifies atherosclerotic lesion development by promoting NF-κB-mediated entry of monocytes and other inflammatory processes. In view of the mitoOS-atherosclerosis link in human atheromata, these findings reveal a potentially new therapeutic target to prevent the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- From the Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Cellular Biophysics, and Pathology and Cell Biology (Y.W., I.T.), and Medical Scientist Training Program (G.Z.W.), Columbia University, New York, NY; and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.S.R.)
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Increased Intracellular Oxygen Radical Production in Neutrophils During Febrile Episodes of Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and Cervical Adenitis Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:2971-83. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chu J, Song HH, Zarember KA, Mills TA, Gallin JI. Persistence of the bacterial pathogen Granulibacter bethesdensis in chronic granulomatous disease monocytes and macrophages lacking a functional NADPH oxidase. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3297-307. [PMID: 23956436 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Granulibacter bethesdensis is a Gram-negative pathogen in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a deficiency in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Repeated isolation of genetically identical strains from the same patient over years, and prolonged waxing and waning seropositivity in some subjects, raises the possibility of long-term persistence. G. bethesdensis resists killing by serum, CGD polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), and antimicrobial peptides, indicating resistance to nonoxidative killing mechanisms. Although G. bethesdensis extends the survival of PMN, persistent intracellular bacterial survival might rely on longer-lived macrophages and their precursor monocytes. Therefore, we examined phagocytic killing by primary human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Cells from both normal and CGD subjects internalized G. bethesdensis similarly. G. bethesdensis stimulated superoxide production in normal monocytes, but to a lesser degree than in normal PMN. Normal but not CGD monocytes and MDM killed G. bethesdensis and required in vitro treatment with IFN-γ to maintain this killing effect. Although in vitro IFN-γ did not enhance G. bethesdensis killing in CGD monocytes, it restricted growth in proportion to CGD PMN residual superoxide production, providing a potential method to identify patients responsive to IFN-γ therapy. In IFN-γ-treated CGD MDM, G. bethesdensis persisted for the duration of the study (7 d) without decreasing viability of the host cells. These results indicate that G. bethesdensis is highly resistant to oxygen-independent microbicides of myeloid cells, requires an intact NADPH oxidase for clearance, and can persist long-term in CGD mononuclear phagocytes, most likely relating to the persistence of this microorganism in infected CGD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Chu
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Petersen HJ, Smith AM. The role of the innate immune system in granulomatous disorders. Front Immunol 2013; 4:120. [PMID: 23745122 PMCID: PMC3662972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic structure of the granuloma serves to protect the body from microbiological challenge. This organized aggregate of immune cells seeks to contain this challenge and protect against dissemination, giving host immune cells a chance to eradicate the threat. A number of systemic diseases are characterized by this specialized inflammatory process and granulomas have been shown to develop at multiple body sites and in various tissues. Central to this process is the macrophage and the arms of the innate immune response. This review seeks to explore how the innate immune response drives this inflammatory process in a contrast of diseases, particularly those with a component of immunodeficiency. By understanding the genes and inflammatory mechanisms behind this specialized immune response, will guide research in the development of novel therapeutics to combat granulomatous diseases.
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So A, Ives A, Joosten LAB, Busso N. Targeting inflammasomes in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2013; 9:391-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Reactivation of desensitized formyl peptide receptors by platelet activating factor: a novel receptor cross talk mechanism regulating neutrophil superoxide anion production. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60169. [PMID: 23555913 PMCID: PMC3610682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils express different chemoattractant receptors of importance for guiding the cells from the blood stream to sites of inflammation. These receptors communicate with one another, a cross talk manifested as hierarchical, heterologous receptor desensitization. We describe a new receptor cross talk mechanism, by which desensitized formyl peptide receptors (FPRdes) can be reactivated. FPR desensitization is induced through binding of specific FPR agonists and is reached after a short period of active signaling. The mechanism that transfers the receptor to a non-signaling desensitized state is not known, and a signaling pathway has so far not been described, that transfers FPRdes back to an active signaling state. The reactivation signal was generated by PAF stimulation of its receptor (PAFR) and the cross talk was uni-directional. LatrunculinA, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, induced a similar reactivation of FPRdes as PAF while the phosphatase inhibitor CalyculinA inhibited reactivation, suggesting a role for the actin cytoskeleton in receptor desensitization and reactivation. The activated PAFR could, however, reactivate FPRdes also when the cytoskeleton was disrupted prior to activation. The receptor cross talk model presented prophesies that the contact on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane that blocks signaling between the G-protein and the FPR is not a point of no return; the receptor cross-talk from the PAFRs to the FPRdes initiates an actin-independent signaling pathway that turns desensitized receptors back to a signaling state. This represents a novel mechanism for amplification of neutrophil production of reactive oxygen species.
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Han W, Li H, Cai J, Gleaves LA, Polosukhin VV, Segal BH, Yull FE, Blackwell TS. NADPH oxidase limits lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation and injury in mice through reduction-oxidation regulation of NF-κB activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4786-94. [PMID: 23530143 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase are known to regulate inflammatory responses, the impact of ROS on intracellular signaling pathways is incompletely understood. In these studies, we treated wild-type (WT) and p47(phox)-deficient mice with LPS to investigate mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase regulates signaling through the NF-κB pathway. After intratracheal instillation of LPS, ROS generation was impaired in p47(phox)(-/-) mice, whereas these mice had increased neutrophilic alveolitis and greater lung injury compared with WT controls. In mice interbred with transgenic NF-κB reporters (HIV-long terminal repeat/luciferase [HLL]), we found exaggerated LPS-induced NF-κB activation and increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in lungs of p47(phox)(-/-)/HLL mice compared with controls. Both lung macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from p47(phox)(-/-)/HLL mice showed enhanced LPS-stimulated NF-κB activity compared with controls. Although nuclear translocation of NF-κB proteins was similar between genotypes, EMSAs under nonreducing conditions showed increased DNA binding in p47(phox)(-/-)/HLL BMDMs, suggesting that ROS production reduces NF-κB binding to DNA without affecting nuclear translocation. Increased intracellular reduced glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio and greater nuclear redox factor 1 (Ref-1) levels were present in p47(phox)(-/-)/HLL compared with WT BMDMs, pointing to NADPH oxidase modulating intracellular redox status in macrophages. Treatment with the Ref-1-specific inhibitor E3330 or hydrogen peroxide inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation in p47(phox)(-/-)/HLL BMDMs but not in WT/HLL cells. Consistent with these findings, small interfering RNA against Ref-1 selectively reduced NF-κB activity in LPS-treated p47(phox)(-/-)/HLL BMDMs. Together, these results indicate that NADPH oxidase limits LPS-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity through regulation of intracellular redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Henriet SSV, Jans J, Simonetti E, Kwon-Chung KJ, Rijs AJMM, Hermans PWM, Holland SM, de Jonge MI, Warris A. Chloroquine modulates the fungal immune response in phagocytic cells from patients with chronic granulomatous disease. J Infect Dis 2013; 207:1932-9. [PMID: 23482646 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis is a major threat to patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Fungal pathogenesis is the result of a diminished antifungal capacity and dysregulated inflammation. A deficient NADPH-oxidase complex results in defective phagolysosomal alkalization. To investigate the contribution of defective pH regulation in phagocytes among patients with CGD during fungal pathogenesis, we evaluated the effect of the acidotropic, antimalarial drug chloroquine (CQ) on the antifungal capacity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and on the inflammatory response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Chloroquine exerted a direct pH-dependent antifungal effect on Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans; it increased the antifungal activity of PMNs from patients with CGD at a significantly lower concentration, compared with the concentration for PMNs from healthy individuals; and decreased the hyperinflammatory state of PBMCs from patients with CGD, as observed by decreased tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β release. Chloroquine targets both limbs of fungal pathogenesis and might be of great value in the clearance of invasive aspergillosis in patients with CGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie S V Henriet
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
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Frasch SC, Fernandez-Boyanapalli RF, Berry KAZ, Murphy RC, Leslie CC, Nick JA, Henson PM, Bratton DL. Neutrophils regulate tissue Neutrophilia in inflammation via the oxidant-modified lipid lysophosphatidylserine. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:4583-93. [PMID: 23293064 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.438507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolution of neutrophilia characteristic of acute inflammation requires cessation of neutrophil recruitment and removal of tissue neutrophils. Based on in vitro studies, a role in these events was hypothesized for oxidant-generated lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS) on recruited neutrophils signaling via the G2A receptor on macrophages. Peritoneal exudate neutrophils harvested from wild type (WT) mice had 5-fold more lyso-PS (lyso-PS(high)) than those of gp91(phox)(-/-) (lyso-PS(low)) mice. Ex vivo engulfment of lyso-PS(high) neutrophils (95% viable) by WT peritoneal macrophages was quantitatively similar to UV-irradiated apoptotic blood neutrophils, although the signaling pathway for the former was uniquely dependent on macrophage G2A. In contrast, lyso-PS(low) neutrophils were poorly engulfed unless presented with exogenous lyso-PS. Enhanced clearance of lyso-PS(high) neutrophils was also seen in vivo following their adoptive transfer into inflamed peritonea of WT but not G2A(-/-) mice, further supporting a requirement for signaling via G2A. To investigate downstream effects of lyso-PS/G2A signaling, antibody blockade of G2A in WT mice reduced macrophage CD206 expression and efferocytosis during peritonitis. Conversely, adoptive transfer of lyso-PS(high) neutrophils early in inflammation in gp91(phox)(-/-) mice led to accelerated development of efferocytic(high) and CD206(high) macrophages. This macrophage reprogramming was associated with suppressed production of pro-inflammatory mediators and reduced neutrophilia. These effects were not seen if G2A was blocked or lyso-PS(low) neutrophils were transferred. Taken together, the results demonstrate that oxidant-generated lyso-PS made by viable tissue neutrophils is an endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator working in vivo to orchestrate the "early" and rapid clearance of recruited neutrophils as well as the reprogramming of "resolving" macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Courtney Frasch
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
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Jönsson BE, Bylund J, Johansson BR, Telemo E, Wold AE. Cord-forming mycobacteria induce DNA meshwork formation by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pathog Dis 2012; 67:54-66. [PMID: 23620120 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes, that is, monocytes and macrophages, are central in the defense against mycobacteria. Mycobacterium abscessus is an opportunistic mycobacterial species able to cause chronic pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis but also soft tissue infections in immunocompetent individuals. Pathogenic isolates of M. abscessus with rough colony morphology form cord-like aggregates. In this study, we investigated the in vitro response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy blood donors to cord-forming M. abscessus strains from cystic fibrosis patients with clinical lung infection. Microscopic examination revealed that the PBMCs produced a coarse fibrous meshwork containing DNA and histones, which surrounded the mycobacterial cords. Thus, the bacterial cord formations were entrapped by monocytes and lymphocytes aggregated onto the DNA-rich meshwork fibers. Mycobacterium abscessus strains with smooth colony morphology, which do not form cords and are readily phagocytosed, did not induce any meshwork formation in PBMCs. The chromatin meshwork may represent a defense mechanism against nondigestible invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil E Jönsson
- Clinical Bacteriology Section, Department of Infectious Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Park SY, Kim JH, Lee YJ, Lee SJ, Kim Y. Surfactin suppresses TPA-induced breast cancer cell invasion through the inhibition of MMP-9 expression. Int J Oncol 2012; 42:287-96. [PMID: 23151889 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer mortality. In this study, we investigated the effects of surfactin, a cyclic lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, on cancer metastasis in vitro and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. Surfactin inhibited the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced invasion, migration and colony formation of human breast carcinoma cells. Western blot analysis, gelatin zymography and reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and activation was significantly suppressed by surfactin in a dose-dependent manner. Surfactin attenuated TPA-induced nuclear translocation and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Furthermore, surfactin strongly repressed the TPA-induced phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Treatment with specific inhibitors of Akt and ERK suppressed MMP-9 expression and activation. These results suggest that the surfactin-mediated inhibition of breast cancer cell invasion and MMP-9 expression involves the suppression of the NF-κB, AP-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K)/Akt and the ERK signaling pathways. Thus surfactin may have potential value in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Henriet SSV, Verweij PE, Warris A. Aspergillus nidulans and Chronic Granulomatous Disease: A Unique Host–Pathogen Interaction. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:1128-37. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Segal BH, Grimm MJ, Khan ANH, Han W, Blackwell TS. Regulation of innate immunity by NADPH oxidase. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:72-80. [PMID: 22583699 PMCID: PMC3377837 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase is a critical regulator of both antimicrobial host defense and inflammation. Activated in nature by microbes and microbial-derived products, the phagocyte NADPH oxidase is rapidly assembled, and generates reactive oxidant intermediates (ROIs) in response to infectious threat. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder of the NADPH oxidase characterized by recurrent and severe bacterial and fungal infections, and pathology related to excessive inflammation. Studies in CGD patients and CGD mouse models indicate that NADPH oxidase plays a key role in modulating inflammation and injury that is distinct from its antimicrobial function. The mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase mediates killing of pathogens and regulation of inflammation have broad relevance to our understanding of normal physiological immune responses and pathological states, such as acute lung injury and bacterial or fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahm H Segal
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 37232-2650, USA
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