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Abbasnia S, Hashem Asnaashari AM, Sharebiani H, Soleimanpour S, Mosavat A, Rezaee SA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host interactions in the manifestation of tuberculosis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 36:100458. [PMID: 38983441 PMCID: PMC11231606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The final step of epigenetic processes is changing the gene expression in a new microenvironment in the body, such as neuroendocrine changes, active infections, oncogenes, or chemical agents. The case of tuberculosis (TB) is an outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and host interaction in the manifestation of active and latent TB or clearance. This comprehensive review explains and interprets the epigenetics findings regarding gene expressions on the host-pathogen interactions in the development and progression of tuberculosis. This review introduces novel insights into the complicated host-pathogen interactions, discusses the challengeable results, and shows the gaps in the clear understanding of M.tb behavior. Focusing on the biological phenomena of host-pathogen interactions, the epigenetic changes, and their outcomes provides a promising future for developing effective TB immunotherapies when converting gene expression toward appropriate host immune responses gradually becomes attainable. Overall, this review may shed light on the dark sides of TB pathogenesis as a life-threatening disease. Therefore, it may support effective planning and implementation of epigenetics approaches for introducing proper therapies or effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Abbasnia
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hiva Sharebiani
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Yao XP, Hong JC, Jiang ZJ, Pan YY, Liu XF, Wang JM, Fan RJ, Yang BH, Zhang WQ, Fan QC, Li LX, Lin BW, Zhao M. Systemic and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for tuberculous meningitis identification and treatment monitoring. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0224623. [PMID: 38047697 PMCID: PMC10783035 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02246-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Tuberculous meningitis is a life-threatening infection with high mortality and disability rates. Current diagnostic methods using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples have limited sensitivity and lack predictive biomarkers for evaluating prognosis. This study's findings reveal excessive activation of the immune response during tuberculous meningitis (TBM) infection. Notably, a strong negative correlation was observed between CSF levels of monokine induced by interferon-γ (MIG) and the CSF/blood glucose ratio in TBM patients. MIG also exhibited the highest area under the curve with high sensitivity and specificity. This study suggests that MIG may serve as a novel biomarker for differentiating TBM infection in CSF or serum, potentially leading to improved diagnostic accuracy and better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ping Yao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chen Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zai-Jie Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ying Pan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun-Mei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui-Jie Fan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bi-Hui Yang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi-Chao Fan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Xiu Li
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital of Fujian, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bi-Wei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Phoswa WN, Khaliq OP, Eche S. A Review on Inflammasomes and Immune Checkpoints in Pre-Eclampsia Complicated with Tuberculosis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6627. [PMID: 37681767 PMCID: PMC10487055 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The current review evaluates how inflammasomes and immune checkpoints are regulated in pre-eclampsia (PE) associated with tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV). Studies indicate that inflammasomes such as (NRLP3, NEK7, and AIM2) and immune checkpoints such as (CLT4, PD-1, TIM3, and LAG-3) are dysregulated in TB- and HIV-infected individuals, and also in pre-eclamptic pregnancies, which explains why pregnant women who are either infected with TB or HIV have an increased risk of developing PE. Evidence suggests that inhibition of inflammasomes and immune checkpoints may assist in the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention and management of PE in patients with or without TB and HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N. Phoswa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, Science Campus, University of South Africa (UNISA), Private Bag X 6, Florida, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Olive P. Khaliq
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Simeon Eche
- School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CO 06510, USA;
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Villain E, Chanson A, Mainka M, Kampschulte N, Le Faouder P, Bertrand-Michel J, Brandolini-Bulon M, Charbit B, Musvosvi M, Bilek N, Scriba TJ, Quintana-Murci L, Schebb NH, Duffy D, Gladine C. Integrated analysis of whole blood oxylipin and cytokine responses after bacterial, viral, and T cell stimulation reveals new immune networks. iScience 2023; 26:107422. [PMID: 37575177 PMCID: PMC10415927 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are major immunomodulating mediators, yet studies of inflammation focus mainly on cytokines. Here, using a standardized whole-blood stimulation system, we characterized the oxylipin-driven inflammatory responses to various stimuli and their relationships with cytokine responses. We performed a pilot study in 25 healthy individuals using 6 different stimuli: 2 bacterial stimuli (LPS and live BCG), 2 viral stimuli (vaccine-grade poly I:C and live H1N1 attenuated influenza), an enterotoxin superantigen and a Null control. All stimuli induced a strong production of oxylipins but most importantly, bacterial, viral, and T cell immune responses show distinct oxylipin signatures. Integration of the oxylipin and cytokine responses for each condition revealed new immune networks improving our understanding of inflammation regulation. Finally, the oxylipin responses and oxylipin-cytokine networks were compared in patients with active tuberculosis or with latent infection. This revealed different responses to BCG but not LPS stimulation highlighting new regulatory pathways for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Villain
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Chanson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Malwina Mainka
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nadja Kampschulte
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- MetaToul, MetaboHUB, Inserm/UPS UMR 1048-I2MC, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaToul, MetaboHUB, Inserm/UPS UMR 1048-I2MC, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Brandolini-Bulon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme D’Exploration Du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Charbit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CBUTechS, Paris, France
| | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
- Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CBUTechS, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gladine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Biswas VK, Sen K, Ahad A, Ghosh A, Verma S, Pati R, Prusty S, Nayak SP, Podder S, Kumar D, Gupta B, Raghav SK. NCoR1 controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in myeloid cells by regulating the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB axis. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002231. [PMID: 37590294 PMCID: PMC10465006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) defends host-mediated killing by repressing the autophagolysosome machinery. For the first time, we report NCoR1 co-repressor as a crucial host factor, controlling Mtb growth in myeloid cells by regulating both autophagosome maturation and lysosome biogenesis. We found that the dynamic expression of NCoR1 is compromised in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during active Mtb infection, which is rescued upon prolonged anti-mycobacterial therapy. In addition, a loss of function in myeloid-specific NCoR1 considerably exacerbates the growth of M. tuberculosis in vitro in THP1 differentiated macrophages, ex vivo in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and in vivo in NCoR1MyeKO mice. We showed that NCoR1 depletion controls the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signalling axis by fine-tuning cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) homeostasis, which in turn changes the expression of proteins involved in autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Moreover, we also showed that the treatment of NCoR1 depleted cells by Rapamycin, Antimycin-A, or Metformin rescued the TFEB activity and LC3 levels, resulting in enhanced Mtb clearance. Similarly, expressing NCoR1 exogenously rescued the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signalling axis and Mtb killing. Overall, our data revealed a central role of NCoR1 in Mtb pathogenesis in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viplov Kumar Biswas
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kaushik Sen
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arup Ghosh
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Surbhi Verma
- Molecular Medicine: Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmirekha Pati
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhasish Prusty
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sourya Prakash Nayak
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sreeparna Podder
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Molecular Medicine: Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Raghav
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
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Nosik M, Belikova MG, Ryzhov K, Avdoshina D, Sobkin A, Zverev V, Svitich O. Unique Profile of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Plasma of Drug-Naïve Individuals with Advanced HIV/TB Co-Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1330. [PMID: 37376629 DOI: 10.3390/v15061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is characterized by aberrant immune activation, and infection with M. tuberculosis by an unbalanced production of proinflammatory cytokines. The expression of these cytokines in HIV-1/TB coinfection is still understudied. Here, we aimed to compare the production of proinflammatory cytokines in drug-naive patients coinfected with HIV-1 and M. tuberculosis (HIV/TB) compared to patients with respective monoinfections. Plasma samples of patients with HIV/TB coinfection (n = 36), HIV-1 monoinfection (n = 36), and TB monoinfection (n = 35) and healthy donors (n = 36) were examined for the levels of eight proinflammatory cytokines. Their levels were significantly increased in all patient groups compared to healthy donors. At the same time, a drastic decrease in the plasma levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, Il-1β, IL-15, and IL-17 was detected in patients with HIV/TB coinfection compared to patients with HIV-1 or TB monoinfections. The plasma levels of IL-17 characterized the TB severity: in HIV/TB-coinfected patients with disseminated TB, plasma levels of IL-17 were eight times lower than in patients with less severe TB forms (infiltrative TB or TB of intrathoracic lymph nodes; p < 0.0001). At the same time, HIV/TB-coinfected patients had increased plasma levels of IL-8, IL-12, and IL-18, with the levels of IL-8 correlating with mortality (p < 0.0001). Thus, on the contrary to the patients with HIV-1 or TB monoinfections, HIV/TB-coinfected patients had suppressed production of most of the proinflammatory cytokines associated with antimicrobial immune response, specifically of T-cells involved in the containment of both infections. At the same time, they demonstrated an expansion of proinflammatory cytokines known to originate from both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells, and manifest tissue inflammation. In HIV-1/TB coinfection, this leads to the disruption of granuloma formation, contributing to bacterial dissemination and enhancing morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nosik
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria G Belikova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Translational Medicine Cluster, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Darya Avdoshina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Sobkin
- Department for Treatment of TB Patients with HIV Infection, G.A. Zaharyan Moscow Tuberculosis Clinic, 125466 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Zverev
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana Svitich
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Shey MS, Balfour A, Masina N, Bekiswa A, Schutz C, Goliath R, Dielle R, Katoto PDMC, Wilkinson KA, Lewinsohn D, Lewinsohn DA, Meintjes G. Mycobacterial-specific secretion of cytokines and chemokines in healthcare workers with apparent resistance to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176615. [PMID: 37275871 PMCID: PMC10233115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, diagnosis of latent TB infection (LTBI) is based on the secretion of IFN-γ in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens, the absence of which is regarded as no infection. Some individuals appear to resist Mtb infection despite sustained exposure (resisters). In this study, we aimed to assess cytokines, chemokines and antibodies that may be associated with resistance to Mtb infection. We hypothesized that there may be an alternative immune response to Mtb exposure in the absence of IFN-γ in resisters. Methods We enrolled HIV-uninfected healthcare workers who had worked in high TB-exposure environments for 5 years or longer. We screened them for LTBI using the tuberculin skin test and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus assay. We performed multiplex Luminex to measure concentrations of T cell-associated cytokines and chemokines as well as total antibodies in plasma collected from unstimulated fresh whole blood and supernatants from QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus tubes following incubation of whole blood for 16-24 hours with ESAT6/CFP10 peptides. Results Samples from 78 individuals were analyzed: 33 resisters (TST<10mm; IGRA<0.35 IU/mL), 33 with LTBI (TST≥10mm and IGRA≥0.35 IU/mL) and 12 discordant (TST=0mm; IGRA≥1.0 IU/mL). There were no differences in concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in plasma between the different groups. Resisters had significantly lower concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, ITAC, IL-13 and GM-CSF in supernatants compared with LTBI group. There were no significant differences in the concentrations in supernatants of IL-10, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23, MIP-3α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, Fractalkine and IL-12p70 between the groups. We observed that resisters had similar concentrations of total antibodies (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, and IgM) in plasma and supernatants compared to the LTBI and discordant groups. Conclusion Resistance to Mtb infection despite sustained exposure is associated with lower Mtb-specific secretion of Th1-associated cytokines and chemokines. However, resisters showed secreted concentrations after Mtb stimulation of total antibodies and cytokines/chemokines associated with innate and Th17 immune responses similar to those with Mtb infection. This suggests an ability to mount non-IFN-γ immune responses to Mtb in apparent resisters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muki Shehu Shey
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Avuyonke Balfour
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nomawethu Masina
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abulele Bekiswa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Schutz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rene Goliath
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rachel Dielle
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Patrick DMC. Katoto
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for General Medicine and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Tropical Diseases and Global Health and Department of Internal Medicine , Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Katalin Andrea Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Deborah Anne Lewinsohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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8
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Herrera M, Keynan Y, Lopez L, Marín D, Vélez L, McLaren PJ, Rueda ZV. Cytokine/chemokine profiles in people with recent infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129398. [PMID: 37261336 PMCID: PMC10229054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The risk of progression to tuberculosis disease is highest within the first year after M. tuberculosis infection (TBI). We hypothesize that people with newly acquired TBI have a unique cytokine/chemokine profile that could be used as a potential biomarker. Methods We evaluated socio-demographic variables and 18 cytokines/chemokines in plasma samples from a cohort of people deprived of liberty (PDL) in two Colombian prisons: 47 people diagnosed with pulmonary TB, 24 with new TBI, and 47 non-infected individuals. We performed a multinomial regression to identify the immune parameters that differentiate the groups. Results The concentration of immune parameters changed over time and was affected by the time of incarceration. The concentration of sCD14, IL-18 and IP-10 differed between individuals with new TBI and short and long times of incarceration. Among people with short incarceration, high concentrations of MIP-3α were associated with a higher risk of a new TBI, and higher concentrations of Eotaxin were associated with a lower risk of a new TBI. Higher concentrations of sCD14 and TNF-α were associated with a higher risk of TB disease, and higher concentrations of IL-18 and MCP-1 were associated with a lower risk of TB disease. Conclusions There were cytokines/chemokines associated with new TBI and TB disease. However, the concentration of immune mediators varies by the time of incarceration among people with new TBI. Further studies should evaluate the changes of these and other cytokines/chemokines over time to understand the immune mechanisms across the spectrum of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Herrera
- Epidemiology Doctorate, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yoav Keynan
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lucelly Lopez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Pública, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Marín
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Pública, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lázaro Vélez
- Grupo Investigador de Problemas en Enfermedades Infecciosas (GRIPE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Paul J. McLaren
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Zulma Vanessa Rueda
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Pública, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
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9
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Clark JT, Weizman OE, Aldridge DL, Shallberg LA, Eberhard J, Lanzar Z, Wasche D, Huck JD, Zhou T, Ring AM, Hunter CA. IL-18BP mediates the balance between protective and pathological immune responses to Toxoplasma gondii. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112147. [PMID: 36827187 PMCID: PMC10131179 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) promotes natural killer (NK) and T cell production of interferon (IFN)-γ, a key factor in resistance to Toxoplasma gondii, but previous work has shown a limited role for endogenous IL-18 in control of this parasite. Although infection with T. gondii results in release of IL-18, the production of IFN-γ induces high levels of the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). Antagonism of IL-18BP with a "decoy-to-the-decoy" (D2D) IL-18 construct that does not signal but rather binds IL-18BP results in enhanced innate lymphoid cell (ILC) and T cell responses and improved parasite control. In addition, the use of IL-18 resistant to IL-18BP ("decoy-resistant" IL-18 [DR-18]) is more effective than exogenous IL-18 at promoting innate resistance to infection. DR-18 enhances CD4+ T cell production of IFN-γ but results in CD4+ T cell-mediated pathology. Thus, endogenous IL-18BP restrains aberrant immune pathology, and this study highlights strategies that can be used to tune this regulatory pathway for optimal anti-pathogen responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Orr-El Weizman
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Daniel L Aldridge
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lindsey A Shallberg
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julia Eberhard
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zachary Lanzar
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Devon Wasche
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - John D Huck
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Aaron M Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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10
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Kumar NP, Babu S. Impact of diabetes mellitus on immunity to latent tuberculosis infection. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:1095467. [PMID: 36993821 PMCID: PMC10012073 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1095467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that poses a major health threat and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Following exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) bacilli, hosts who fail to clear M.tb end up in a state of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), in which the bacteria are contained but not eliminated. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a noncommunicable disease that can weaken host immunity and lead to increased susceptibility to various infectious diseases. Despite numerous studies on the relationship between DM and active TB, data on the association between DM and LTBI remains limited. Immunological data suggest that LTBI in the presence of DM leads to an impaired production of protective cytokines and poly-functional T cell responses, accounting for a potential immunological mechanism that could leads to an increased risk of active TB. This review highlights the salient features of the immunological underpinnings influencing the interaction between TB and DM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathella Pavan Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Nathella Pavan Kumar, ,
| | - Subash Babu
- International Centre for Excellence in Research, National Institutes of Health, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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11
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Liang C, Li S, Yuan J, Song Y, Ren W, Wang W, Shang Y, Tang S, Pang Y. Attenuated Cytokine-Induced Memory-Like Natural Killer Cell Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tuberculosis Patients. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:2349-2364. [PMID: 37101462 PMCID: PMC10124624 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s407742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the phenotype, proliferation and functional alterations of cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer (CIML NK) cells from healthy subjects and TB patients, and assessed the efficacy of CIML NK cells in response to H37Rv-infected U937 cells in vitro. Methods Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy people and tuberculosis patients and activated for 16h using low-dose IL-15, or IL-12, IL-15, IL-18 combination or IL-12, IL-15, IL-18 and MTB H37Rv lysates, respectively, followed by low-dose IL-15 maintenance for another 7 days. Then, the PBMCs were co-cultured with K562 and H37Rv-infected U937, and the purified NK cells were co-cultured with H37Rv infected U937. The phenotype, proliferation and response function of CIML NK cells were assessed using flow cytometry. Finally, colony forming units were enumerated to confirm the survival of intracellular MTB. Results CIML NK phenotypes from TB patients were similar to healthy controls. CIML NK cells undergo higher rates of proliferation after IL-12/15/18 pre-activation. Moreover, the poor expansion potential of CIML NK cells co-stimulated with MTB lysates. CIML NK cells from healthy individuals showed enhanced IFN-γ functional to H37Rv infected U937 cells, along with significantly enhanced killing of H37Rv. However, the CIML NK cells from TB patients show attenuated IFN-γ production and now enhanced the ability of killing intracellular MTB compared to those from healthy donors after co-cultured with H37Rv infected U937. Conclusion CIML NK cells from healthy individuals exist the increased ability of IFN-γ secretion and boosted anti-MTB activity in vitro, which from TB patients show impaired IFN-γ production and no enhanced anti-MTB activity compared to those from healthy donors. Additionally, we observe the poor expansion potential of CIML NK cells co-stimulated with antigens from MTB. These results open up new possibilities for NK cell-based anti-tuberculosis immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University /Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
- Tuberculosis Clinical Medical Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University /Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University /Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University /Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Song
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weicong Ren
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University /Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University /Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University /Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenjie Tang
- Tuberculosis Clinical Medical Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University /Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shenjie Tang; Yu Pang, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 97, Machang, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 010 8950 9367; +86 010 8950 9359, Email ;
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University /Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Harju N. Regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100 Suppl 273:3-59. [DOI: 10.1111/aos.15275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niina Harju
- School of Pharmacy University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
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13
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Elemam NM, Ramakrishnan RK, Hundt JE, Halwani R, Maghazachi AA, Hamid Q. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Bacterial Infections: Function, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:733564. [PMID: 34804991 PMCID: PMC8602108 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.733564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases represent one of the largest medical challenges worldwide. Bacterial infections, in particular, remain a pertinent health challenge and burden. Moreover, such infections increase over time due to the continuous use of various antibiotics without medical need, thus leading to several side effects and bacterial resistance. Our innate immune system represents our first line of defense against any foreign pathogens. This system comprises the innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including natural killer (NK) cells that are critical players in establishing homeostasis and immunity against infections. ILCs are a group of functionally heterogenous but potent innate immune effector cells that constitute tissue-resident sentinels against intracellular and extracellular bacterial infections. Being a nascent subset of innate lymphocytes, their role in bacterial infections is not clearly understood. Furthermore, these pathogens have developed methods to evade the host immune system, and hence permit infection spread and tissue damage. In this review, we highlight the role of the different ILC populations in various bacterial infections and the possible ways of immune evasion. Additionally, potential immunotherapies to manipulate ILC responses will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mousaad Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rakhee K Ramakrishnan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jennifer E Hundt
- Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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14
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Kiritsy MC, McCann K, Mott D, Holland SM, Behar SM, Sassetti CM, Olive AJ. Mitochondrial respiration contributes to the interferon gamma response in antigen-presenting cells. eLife 2021; 10:e65109. [PMID: 34726598 PMCID: PMC8598164 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunological synapse allows antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to convey a wide array of functionally distinct signals to T cells, which ultimately shape the immune response. The relative effect of stimulatory and inhibitory signals is influenced by the activation state of the APC, which is determined by an interplay between signal transduction and metabolic pathways. While pathways downstream of toll-like receptors rely on glycolytic metabolism for the proper expression of inflammatory mediators, little is known about the metabolic dependencies of other critical signals such as interferon gamma (IFNγ). Using CRISPR-Cas9, we performed a series of genome-wide knockout screens in murine macrophages to identify the regulators of IFNγ-inducible T cell stimulatory or inhibitory proteins MHCII, CD40, and PD-L1. Our multiscreen approach enabled us to identify novel pathways that preferentially control functionally distinct proteins. Further integration of these screening data implicated complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the expression of all three markers, and by extension the IFNγ signaling pathway. We report that the IFNγ response requires mitochondrial respiration, and APCs are unable to activate T cells upon genetic or chemical inhibition of complex I. These findings suggest a dichotomous metabolic dependency between IFNγ and toll-like receptor signaling, implicating mitochondrial function as a fulcrum of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Kiritsy
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Katelyn McCann
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Daniel Mott
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Steven M Holland
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Samuel M Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Christopher M Sassetti
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Andrew J Olive
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
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15
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Behura A, Das M, Kumar A, Naik L, Mishra A, Manna D, Patel S, Mishra A, Singh R, Dhiman R. ESAT-6 impedes IL-18 mediated phagosome lysosome fusion via microRNA-30a upon Calcimycin treatment in mycobacteria infected macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108319. [PMID: 34740079 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The weaponry possessed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) in the form of immunodominant antigens hijack the host immune system to give a survival advantage to this intracellular fiend, but the mechanism of this control is not entirely known. Since we have previously reported the mechanism of autophagy inhibition by early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa (ESAT-6) through microRNA (miR)-30a-3p in Calcimycin treated differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1) cells, the present study was undertaken to deduce the effect of miR-30a on the immunomodulatory profile of ESAT-6 treated cells and the mechanism involved thereof, if any. Initially, the effect of recombinant ESAT-6 (rESAT-6) on the immunomodulatory profile in Calcimycin-treated phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) dTHP-1 cells was checked. Later, transfection studies using miR-30a-3p inhibitor or -5p mimic highlighted the contrary roles of different arms of the same miRNA in regulating IL-18 response by ESAT-6 in dTHP-1 cells after Calcimycin treatment. By using either IL-18 neutralizing antibody or inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/NF-κB/phagosome-lysosome fusion in the miRNA-30a transfected background, IL-18 mediated signaling and intracellular killing of mycobacteria was reversed in the presence of ESAT-6. Overall, the results of this study conclusively prove the contrary roles of miR-30a-3p and miR-30a-5p in regulating IL-18 signaling by ESAT-6 in dTHP-1 cells upon Calcimycin treatment that affected phagosome-lysosome fusion and intracellular survival of mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assirbad Behura
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Mousumi Das
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Lincoln Naik
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Abtar Mishra
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debraj Manna
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Salina Patel
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342011, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, PO Box # 4, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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16
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Mvubu NE, Chiliza TE. Exploring the Use of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Derivatives as Alveolar NLRP3 Inflammasome Regulators during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179497. [PMID: 34502407 PMCID: PMC8431520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a successful intracellular pathogen that is responsible for the highest mortality rate among diseases caused by bacterial infections. During early interaction with the host innate cells, M. tuberculosis cell surface antigens interact with Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) to activate the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-repeat containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) canonical, and non-canonical inflammasome pathways. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the alveoli has been reported to contribute to the early inflammatory response that is needed for an effective anti-TB response through production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including those of the Interleukin 1 (IL1) family. However, overstimulation of the alveolar NLRP3 inflammasomes can induce excessive inflammation that is pathological to the host. Several studies have explored the use of medicinal plants and/or their active derivatives to inhibit excessive stimulation of the inflammasomes and its associated factors, thus reducing immunopathological response in the host. This review describes the molecular mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the alveoli during M. tuberculosis infection. Furthermore, the mechanisms of inflammasome inhibition using medicinal plant and their derivatives will also be explored, thus offering a novel perspective on the alternative control strategies of M. tuberculosis-induced immunopathology.
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17
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Heijmenberg I, Husain A, Sathkumara HD, Muruganandah V, Seifert J, Miranda-Hernandez S, Kashyap RS, Field MA, Krishnamoorthy G, Kupz A. ESX-5-targeted export of ESAT-6 in BCG combines enhanced immunogenicity & efficacy against murine tuberculosis with low virulence and reduced persistence. Vaccine 2021; 39:7265-7276. [PMID: 34420788 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death globally. The only licensed TB vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has low efficacy against TB in adults and is not recommended in people with impaired immunity. The incorporation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) secretion system ESX-1 into BCG improves immunogenicity and protection against TB in animal models, which is associated with the secretion of the ESX-1-dependent protein ESAT-6. However, the resulting strain, BCG::ESX1Mtb, has been deemed unsafe as a human vaccine, due to prolonged persistence and increased virulence in immunocompromised mice. In this study, we describe a new recombinant BCG strain that uncouples the beneficial aspects of ESAT-6 secretion from the detrimental ESX-1effects on virulence and persistence. The strain was constructed by fusing the ESAT-6-encoding gene esxA to the general secretion signal for the mycobacterial type VII secretion pathway protein PE25. This new strain, BCG::ESAT6-PE25SS, secretes full-length ESAT-6 via the ESX-5 secretion system, which in contrast to ESX-1 is also present in BCG. In vivo testing revealed that ESX-5-targeted ESAT-6 export, induces cytosolic contact, generates ESAT-6-specific T cells and enhances the protective efficacy against TB disease, but is associated with low virulence and reduced persistence in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice. Additionally, compared to BCG::ESX1Mtb and parental BCG, mucosal administration of BCG::ESAT6-PE25SS is associated with more rapid clearance from the lung. These results warrant further studies to evaluate BCG::ESAT6-PE25SS as a potential live attenuated vaccine candidate for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Heijmenberg
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns 4878 & Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia; Leiden University, Leiden 2311, the Netherlands
| | - Aliabbas Husain
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns 4878 & Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia; Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, 88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur 10, India
| | - Harindra D Sathkumara
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns 4878 & Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - Visai Muruganandah
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns 4878 & Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julia Seifert
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns 4878 & Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - Socorro Miranda-Hernandez
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns 4878 & Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rajpal Singh Kashyap
- Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, 88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur 10, India
| | - Matt A Field
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns 4878 & Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Cairns 4878, Queensland, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns 4878 & Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia.
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18
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Bhattarai N, Korhonen E, Mysore Y, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Hydroquinone Induces NLRP3-Independent IL-18 Release from ARPE-19 Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061405. [PMID: 34204067 PMCID: PMC8229790 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal disease leading to impaired vision. Cigarette smoke increases the risk for developing AMD by causing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and damage in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We have previously shown that the cigarette tar component hydroquinone causes oxidative stress in human RPE cells. In the present study, we investigated the propensity of hydroquinone to induce the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The activation of these cytokines is usually regulated by the Nucleotide-binding domain, Leucine-rich repeat, and Pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. ARPE-19 cells were exposed to hydroquinone, and cell viability was monitored using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide salt (MTT) assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 as well as NLRP3, caspase-1, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Hydroquinone did not change IL-1β release but significantly increased the secretion of IL-18. Cytoplasmic NLRP3 levels increased after the hydroquinone treatment of IL-1α-primed RPE cells, but IL-18 was equally released from primed and nonprimed cells. Hydroquinone reduced the intracellular levels of PARP, which were restored by treatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). NAC concurrently reduced the NLRP3 levels but had no effect on IL-18 release. In contrast, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) reduced the release of IL-18 but had no effect on the NLRP3 levels. Collectively, hydroquinone caused DNA damage seen as reduced intracellular PARP levels and induced NLRP3-independent IL-18 secretion in human RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Bhattarai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (E.K.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (A.K.); Tel.: +358-44-983-0424 (N.B.); +358-40-355-3216 (A.K.)
| | - Eveliina Korhonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (E.K.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yashavanthi Mysore
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (E.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (E.K.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (A.K.); Tel.: +358-44-983-0424 (N.B.); +358-40-355-3216 (A.K.)
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IFN-γ -/- Mice Resist Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Infection by Promoting Early Lung IL-18 Release and PMN-I Accumulation. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00069-21. [PMID: 33685942 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00069-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine pleuropneumonia is a common infectious disease of pigs caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) expression increases in the lung of pigs after A. pleuropneumoniae infection, but the role of IFN-γ during the infection is still obscure. In this study, an IFN-γ-/- mouse infection model was established, and bacterial load, levels of inflammatory cytokines, and types of neutrophils in the lungs were studied at different times post-A. pleuropneumoniae infection. We found that wild-type (WT) mice were more susceptible to A. pleuropneumoniae than IFN-γ-/- mice. At 6 h postinfection (hpi), the expression of interleukin 18 (IL-18) and IL-1β in the lungs of IFN-γ-/- mice was significantly increased compared to WT mice. The bacterial load and levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) of IFN-γ-/- mice were significantly reduced at 12 hpi compared to WT mice. After an initial loss, the numbers of lung polymorphonuclear (PMN)-I cells dramatically increased in the lungs of IFN-γ-/- but not WT mice, whereas PMN-II cells continually decreased. Finally, in vivo administration of IL-18 significantly reduced clinical scores and bacterial load in the lungs of A. pleuropneumoniae-infected mice. This study identifies IFN-γ as a target for regulating the inflammatory response in the lung and provides a basis for understanding the course of clinical bacterial pneumonia and for the formulation of treatment protocols.
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Effect and Mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lipoprotein LpqH in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Mouse Ana-1 Macrophage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8239135. [PMID: 33490276 PMCID: PMC7803426 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8239135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study is aimed at investigating the role and mechanism of LpqH of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse Ana-1 macrophages. ExPASy-ProtParam, PHYRE2, ABCpred, and SYFPEITHI were used to predict and analyze the physicochemical properties, protein structure, and B cell/T cell-associated epitopes of LpqH protein. The recombinant LpqH protein was purified, and its immunoreactivity was analyzed with western blot. The LPS-treated mouse Ana-1 macrophages were incubated with purified LpqH protein directly. The expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 protein was detected by western blot. The secretion of IL-1β was detected by ELISA, and LDH was detected by a kit. Cell death was detected by flow cytometry. LpqH consisted of 159 amino acids and was a hydrophobic protein with stable properties. Its secondary structure contained 47% random coils, 53% β-sheets, and 3% α-helix. The tertiary structure showed a relatively loose spatial conformation. Additionally, it had 8 B cell epitopes (score > 0.8) and 10 CTL cell epitopes (score ≥ 20). The recombinant LpqH, which had strong immunoreactivity, significantly increased the levels of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 p20 (P < 0.01) and promoted the secretion of IL-1β by the cells (P < 0.01). In addition, high concentration of KCl significantly inhibited the effect of LpqH on mouse Ana-1 macrophages and reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 p20 (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant change in LDH (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, LpqH protein did not cause additional cell death (P > 0.05). LpqH protein has good immunogenicity and can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome through the potassium efflux pathway without causing cell death.
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Interleukin-18, Functional IL-18 Receptor and IL-18 Binding Protein Expression in Active and Latent Tuberculosis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060451. [PMID: 32521630 PMCID: PMC7350328 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the processes modulating the innate and acquired immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection in the context of gene expression is still a scientific and diagnostic problem. The study was aimed to assess IL-18, IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), IL-18R, IFN-γ, and IL-37 mRNA expression in patients with active tuberculosis (ATB) and healthy volunteers with latent M.tb-infection (LTB) or M.tb-uninfected healthy controls (Control). The relative mRNA expression was assessed in the buffy coat blood fraction using the qPCR method. In total, 97 BCG-vaccinated Polish adults were enrolled in the study. The relative expression of IL-18 and IL-18BP mRNA was significantly elevated in the ATB and LTB groups. In ATB, but not LTB individuals, the overexpression of IL-18 and IL-18BP, as well as a significant increase in IFN-γ mRNA expression, might be considered as a manifestation of active tuberculosis disease. No statistically significant differences were observed in the IL-37 mRNA expression among the studied groups. Particularly noteworthy is the outstanding reduction in the relative expression of IL-18R mRNA in the LTB group as compared to the ATB and Control group. Reduced expression of IL-18R in LTB group may, at least partially, prevent the development of a pathological inflammatory reaction and promote the maintenance of homeostatic conditions between host immunity and M.tb.
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Increased susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a diet-induced murine model of type 2 diabetes. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:303-311. [PMID: 32234542 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB)-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) comorbidity is re-emerging as a global public health problem. T2D is a major risk factor for increased susceptibility to TB infection and reactivation leading to higher morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms of T2D contributing to TB susceptibility are not fully understood, but likely involve dysregulated immune responses. In this study, a diet-induced murine model that reflects the cardinal features of human T2D was used to assess the immune responses following an intravenous Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. In this study, T2D significantly increased mortality, organ bacillary burden and inflammatory lesions compared to non-diabetic controls. Organ-specific pro-inflammatory cytokine responses were dysregulated as early as one day post-infection in T2D mice. Macrophages derived from T2D mice showed reduced bacterial internalization and killing capacity. An early impairment of antimycobacterial functions of macrophages in diabetes is a key mechanism that leads to increased susceptibility of T2D.
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein innate immune complexes that regulate caspase-dependent inflammation and cell death. Pattern recognition receptors, such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-like receptors, sense danger signals or cellular events to activate canonical inflammasomes, resulting in caspase 1 activation, pyroptosis and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Non-canonical inflammasomes can be activated by intracellular lipopolysaccharides, toxins and some cell signalling pathways. These inflammasomes regulate the activation of alternative caspases (caspase 4, caspase 5, caspase 11 and caspase 8) that lead to pyroptosis, apoptosis and the regulation of other cellular pathways. Many inflammasome-related genes and proteins have been implicated in animal models of kidney disease. In particular, the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome has been shown to contribute to a wide range of acute and chronic microbial and non-microbial kidney diseases via canonical and non-canonical mechanisms that regulate inflammation, pyroptosis, apoptosis and fibrosis. In patients with chronic kidney disease, immunomodulation therapies targeting IL-1β such as canakinumab have been shown to prevent cardiovascular events. Moreover, findings in experimental models of kidney disease suggest that small-molecule inhibitors targeting NLRP3 and other inflammasome components are promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Komada
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daniel A Muruve
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Wawrocki S, Seweryn M, Kielnierowski G, Rudnicka W, Wlodarczyk M, Druszczynska M. IL-18/IL-37/IP-10 signalling complex as a potential biomarker for discriminating active and latent TB. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225556. [PMID: 31821340 PMCID: PMC6903724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there are serious limitations in the direct diagnosis of active tuberculosis (ATB). We evaluated the levels of the IL-18/IL-37/IP-10 signalling complex proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb)-specific antigen-stimulated QuantiFERON® Gold In-Tube (QFT) cultures and in serum samples from ATB patients, healthy individuals with latent M.tb infection (LTBI) and healthy controls (HC) to examine whether combined analyses of these proteins were useful in the differentiation of M.tb states. Methods The concentrations of IL-18, IL-18BP, IFN-γ, IL-37 and IP-10 in the serum and QFT supernatants were measured using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Free IL-18 levels were calculated using the law of mass action. Results Increased concentrations of total and free IL-18, IL-18BP, IFN-γ and IP-10 in the sera of ATB patients were detected. These increases were not counterbalanced by the overproduction of IL-37. Complex co-expression of serum IL-18BP and IL-37, IP-10 and IFN-γ was identified as the highest discriminative biomarker set for the diagnosis of ATB. Conclusions Our results suggest that the IL-18 signalling complex might be exploited by M. tuberculosis to expand the clinical manifestations of pulmonary TB. Therefore, direct analysis of the serum components of the IL-18/IL-37 signalling complex and IP-10 may be applicable in designing novel diagnostic tests for ATB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wawrocki
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Poland
| | - Michal Seweryn
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kielnierowski
- Regional Specialized Hospital of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Rehabilitation, Szpitalna 5, Tuszyn, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Rudnicka
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Poland
| | - Marcin Wlodarczyk
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Poland
| | - Magdalena Druszczynska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Poland
- * E-mail:
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25
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Clark SE, Schmidt RL, McDermott DS, Lenz LL. A Batf3/Nlrp3/IL-18 Axis Promotes Natural Killer Cell IL-10 Production during Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2582-2594. [PMID: 29847790 PMCID: PMC6170157 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) capitalizes on natural killer (NK) cell production of regulatory interleukin (IL)-10 to establish severe systemic infections. Here, we identify regulators of this IL-10 secretion. We show that IL-18 signals to NK cells license their ability to produce IL-10. IL-18 acts independent of IL-12 and STAT4, which co-stimulate IFNγ secretion. Dendritic cell (DC) expression of Nlrp3 is required for IL-18 release in response to the Lm p60 virulence protein. Therefore, mice lacking Nlrp3, Il18, or Il18R fail to accumulate serum IL-10 and are highly resistant to systemic Lm infection. We further show that cells expressing or dependent on Batf3 are required for IL-18-inducing IL-10 production observed in infected mice. These findings explain how Il18 and Batf3 promote susceptibility to bacterial infection and demonstrate the ability of Lm to exploit NLRP3 for the promotion of regulatory NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Clark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca L Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Daniel S McDermott
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Laurel L Lenz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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26
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Intracellular Pathogens: Host Immunity and Microbial Persistence Strategies. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1356540. [PMID: 31111075 PMCID: PMC6487120 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1356540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites are ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide by the World Health Organization. Despite tremendous improvements in global public health since 1950, a number of challenges remain to either prevent or eradicate infectious diseases. Many pathogens can cause acute infections that are effectively cleared by the host immunity, but a subcategory of these pathogens called "intracellular pathogens" can establish persistent and sometimes lifelong infections. Several of these intracellular pathogens manage to evade the host immune monitoring and cause disease by replicating inside the host cells. These pathogens have evolved diverse immune escape strategies and overcome immune responses by residing and multiplying inside host immune cells, primarily macrophages. While these intracellular pathogens that cause persistent infections are phylogenetically diverse and engage in diverse immune evasion and persistence strategies, they share common pathogen type-specific mechanisms during host-pathogen interaction inside host cells. Likewise, the host immune system is also equipped with a diverse range of effector functions to fight against the establishment of pathogen persistence and subsequent host damage. This article provides an overview of the immune effector functions used by the host to counter pathogens and various persistence strategies used by intracellular pathogens to counter host immunity, which enables their extended period of colonization in the host. The improved understanding of persistent intracellular pathogen-derived infections will contribute to develop improved disease diagnostics, therapeutics, and prophylactics.
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27
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Interleukin-18 in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030649. [PMID: 30717382 PMCID: PMC6387150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 was originally discovered as a factor that enhanced IFN-γ production from anti-CD3-stimulated Th1 cells, especially in the presence of IL-12. Upon stimulation with Ag plus IL-12, naïve T cells develop into IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) expressing Th1 cells, which increase IFN-γ production in response to IL-18 stimulation. Therefore, IL-12 is a commitment factor that induces the development of Th1 cells. In contrast, IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that facilitates type 1 responses. However, IL-18 without IL-12 but with IL-2, stimulates NK cells, CD4+ NKT cells, and established Th1 cells, to produce IL-3, IL-9, and IL-13. Furthermore, together with IL-3, IL-18 stimulates mast cells and basophils to produce IL-4, IL-13, and chemical mediators such as histamine. Therefore, IL-18 is a cytokine that stimulates various cell types and has pleiotropic functions. IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. IL-18 demonstrates a unique function by binding to a specific receptor expressed on various types of cells. In this review article, we will focus on the unique features of IL-18 in health and disease in experimental animals and humans.
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28
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Cavalcanti-Neto MP, Prado RQ, Piñeros AR, Sérgio CA, Bertolini TB, Gembre AF, Ramos SG, Bonato VL. Improvement of the resistance against early Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infection in the absence of PI3Kγ enzyme is associated with increase of CD4+IL-17+ cells and neutrophils. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:1-9. [PMID: 30514491 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the impossibility to study the lung immune response during Mycobacterium tuberculosis-latent infection, and consequently, the mechanisms that control the bacterial load, it is reasonable to determine the activation of local immunity in the early phase of the infection. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase gamma enzyme (PI3Kγ) is involved in the leukocyte recruitment, phagocytosis and cellular differentiation, and therefore, it is considered a promising target for the development of immunotherapies for chronic inflammatory diseases. Mice genetically deficient in PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ-/-) or WT (Wild Type) were evaluated 15 days post-infection. The enzyme deficiency improved the resistance against infection, increased the frequency of CD4+IL-17+ cells, the production of IL-17 as well as the gene and protein expression of molecules associated with Th17 cell differentiation and neutrophil recruitment. Our findings show, for the first time, the participation of the PI3Kγ in vivo in the M. tuberculosis-infection, and suggest an association of Th17 cells with protection in the early phase of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Cavalcanti-Neto
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Modulation, Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas, Coari, Brazil
| | - R Q Prado
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A R Piñeros
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C A Sérgio
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T B Bertolini
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A F Gembre
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S G Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V L Bonato
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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29
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Shey MS, Balfour A, Wilkinson KA, Meintjes G. Contribution of APCs to mucosal-associated invariant T cell activation in infectious disease and cancer. Innate Immun 2018; 24:192-202. [PMID: 29631470 PMCID: PMC6139754 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918768695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
APCs such as monocytes and dendritic cells are among the first cells to recognize
invading pathogens and initiate an immune response. The innate response can
either eliminate the pathogen directly, or through presentation of Ags to T
cells, which can help to clear the infection. Mucosal-associated invariant T
(MAIT) cells are among the unconventional T cells whose activation does not
involve the classical co-stimulation during Ag presentation. MAIT cells can be
activated either via presentation of unconventional Ags (such as riboflavin
metabolites) through the evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility class
I-like molecule, MR1, or directly by cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-18. Given
that APCs produce cytokines and can express MR1, these cells can play an
important role in both pathways of MAIT cell activation. In this review, we
summarize evidence on the role of APCs in MAIT cell activation in infectious
disease and cancer. A better understanding of the interactions between APCs and
MAIT cells is important in further elucidating the role of MAIT cells in
infectious diseases, which may facilitate the design of novel interventions such
as vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muki Shehu Shey
- 1 Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.,2 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Avuyonke Balfour
- 1 Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.,2 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Katalin Andrea Wilkinson
- 1 Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.,2 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.,3 The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, NW1 2AT
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- 1 Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.,2 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
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30
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Nieuwenhuizen NE, Kaufmann SHE. Next-Generation Vaccines Based on Bacille Calmette-Guérin. Front Immunol 2018; 9:121. [PMID: 29459859 PMCID: PMC5807593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a major health threat. A live, attenuated mycobacterium known as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), derived from the causative agent of cattle TB, Mycobacterium bovis, has been in clinical use as a vaccine for 90 years. The current incidence of TB demonstrates that BCG fails to protect sufficiently against pulmonary TB, the major disease manifestation and source of dissemination. The protective efficacy of BCG is on average 50% but varies substantially with geographical location and is poorer in those with previous exposure to mycobacteria. BCG can also cause adverse reactions in immunocompromised individuals. However, BCG has contributed to reduced infant TB mortality by protecting against extrapulmonary TB. In addition, BCG has been associated with reduced general childhood mortality by stimulating immune responses. In order to improve the efficacy of BCG, two major strategies have been employed. The first involves the development of recombinant live mycobacterial vaccines with improved efficacy and safety. The second strategy is to boost BCG with subunit vaccines containing Mtb antigens. This article reviews recombinant BCG strains that have been tested against TB in animal models. This includes BCG strains that have been engineered to induce increased immune responses by the insertion of genes for Mtb antigens, mammalian cytokines, or host resistance factors, the insertion of bacterial toxin-derived adjuvants, and the manipulation of bacterial genes in order to increase antigen presentation and immune activation. Subunit vaccines for boosting BCG are also briefly discussed.
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Ferraris DM, Miggiano R, Rossi F, Rizzi M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Molecular Determinants of Infection, Survival Strategies, and Vulnerable Targets. Pathogens 2018; 7:E17. [PMID: 29389854 PMCID: PMC5874743 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an ancient disease which, still today, represents a major threat for the world population. Despite the advances in medicine and the development of effective antitubercular drugs, the cure of tuberculosis involves prolonged therapies which complicate the compliance and monitoring of drug administration and treatment. Moreover, the only available antitubercular vaccine fails to provide an effective shield against adult lung tuberculosis, which is the most prevalent form. Hence, there is a pressing need for effective antitubercular drugs and vaccines. This review highlights recent advances in the study of selected M. tuberculosis key molecular determinants of infection and vulnerable targets whose structures could be exploited for the development of new antitubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide M Ferraris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Miggiano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Franca Rossi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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Inflammasomes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Driven Immunity. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 2017:2309478. [PMID: 29348763 PMCID: PMC5733865 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2309478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective innate and subsequent adaptive host immune responses is highly dependent on the production of proinflammatory cytokines that increase the activity of immune cells. The key role in this process is played by inflammasomes, multimeric protein complexes serving as a platform for caspase-1, an enzyme responsible for proteolytic cleavage of IL-1β and IL-18 precursors. Inflammasome activation, which triggers the multifaceted activity of these two proinflammatory cytokines, is a prerequisite for developing an efficient inflammatory response against pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). This review focuses on the role of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes in M.tb-driven immunity.
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Abstract
In this article, we have described several cellular pathological effects caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESX-1. The effects include induction of necrosis, NOD2 signaling, type I interferon production, and autophagy. We then attempted to suggest that these pathological effects are mediated by the cytosolic access of M. tuberculosis-derived materials as a result of the phagosome-disrupting activity of the major ESX-1 substrate ESAT-6. Such activity of ESAT-6 is most likely due to its pore-forming activity at the membrane. The amyloidogenic characteristic of ESAT-6 is reviewed here as a potential mechanism of membrane pore formation. In addition to ESAT-6, the ESX-1 substrate EspB interferes with membrane-mediated innate immune mechanisms such as efferocytosis and autophagy, most likely through its ability to bind phospholipids. Overall, the M. tuberculosis ESX-1 secretion system appears to be a specialized system for the deployment of host membrane-targeting proteins, whose primary function is to interrupt key steps in innate immune mechanisms against pathogens. Inhibitors that block the ESX-1 system or block host factors critical for ESX-1 toxicity have been identified and should represent attractive potential new antituberculosis drugs.
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Mawatwal S, Behura A, Ghosh A, Kidwai S, Mishra A, Deep A, Agarwal S, Saha S, Singh R, Dhiman R. Calcimycin mediates mycobacterial killing by inducing intracellular calcium-regulated autophagy in a P2RX7 dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3190-3200. [PMID: 28935606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic screening led to the identification of calcimycin as a potent inhibitor of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (M. bovis BCG) growth in vitro and in THP-1 cells. In the present study, we aim to decipher the mechanism of antimycobacterial activity of calcimycin. We noticed that treatment with calcimycin led to up-regulation of different autophagy markers like Beclin-1, autophagy-related gene (Atg) 7, Atg 3 and enhanced microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-I (LC3-I) to LC3-II conversion in macrophages. This calcimycin-mediated killing of intracellular M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG was abrogated in the presence of 3-methyladenine (3-MA). We also demonstrate that calcimycin binding with purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2RX7) led to increase in intracellular calcium level that regulates the extracellular release of ATP. ATP was able to regulate calcimycin-induced autophagy through P2RX7 in an autocrine fashion. Blocking of either P2RX7 expression by 1-[N,O-bis(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-l-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine (KN-62) or reducing intracellular calcium levels by 1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetra (acetoxy-methyl) ester (BAPTA-AM) abrogated the antimycobacterial activity of calcimycin. Taken together, these results showed that calcimycin exerts its antimycobacterial effect by regulating intracellular calcium-dependent ATP release that induces autophagy in a P2RX7 dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Mawatwal
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Assirbad Behura
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Abhirupa Ghosh
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Saqib Kidwai
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 4, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Abtar Mishra
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Amar Deep
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 4, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sakshi Agarwal
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 4, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sudipto Saha
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box # 4, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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Oliveira AC, Gomes-Neto JF, Barbosa CHD, Granato A, Reis BS, Santos BM, Fucs R, Canto FB, Nakaya HI, Nóbrega A, Bellio M. Crucial role for T cell-intrinsic IL-18R-MyD88 signaling in cognate immune response to intracellular parasite infection. eLife 2017; 6:30883. [PMID: 28895840 PMCID: PMC5629024 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MyD88 is the main adaptor molecule for TLR and IL-1R family members. Here, we demonstrated that T-cell intrinsic MyD88 signaling is required for proliferation, protection from apoptosis and expression of activation/memory genes during infection with the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, as evidenced by transcriptome and cytometry analyses in mixed bone-marrow (BM) chimeras. The lack of direct IL-18R signaling in T cells, but not of IL-1R, phenocopied the absence of the MyD88 pathway, indicating that IL-18R is a critical MyD88-upstream pathway involved in the establishment of the Th1 response against an in vivo infection, a presently controvert subject. Accordingly, Il18r1−/− mice display lower levels of Th1 cells and are highly susceptible to infection, but can be rescued from mortality by the adoptive transfer of WT CD4+ T cells. Our findings establish the T-cell intrinsic IL-18R/MyD88 pathway as a crucial element for induction of cognate Th1 responses against an important human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Carolina Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Francisco Gomes-Neto
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Granato
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Maia Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rita Fucs
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Fábio B Canto
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Vacinas, CNPq-MCT, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Alberto Nóbrega
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Bellio
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Vacinas, CNPq-MCT, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Xiang W, Cox N, Gomer RH. Identification of compounds that decrease numbers of Mycobacteria in human macrophages in the presence of serum amyloid P. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:857-869. [PMID: 28768708 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0317-118rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mϕs are a heterogeneous population of cells and include classically activated Mϕs (M1) and alternatively activated Mϕs (M2). Mϕs can change from M1 to M2 and vice versa in response to environmental stimuli. Serum amyloid P (SAP) is a constitutive plasma protein that polarizes Mϕs to an M2 phenotype, and part of this effect is mediated through FcγRI receptors. In an effort to find ways to alter Mϕs phenotypes, we screened for compounds that can block the SAP-FcγRI interaction. From a screen of 3000 compounds, we found 12 compounds that reduced the ability of fluorescently labeled human SAP to bind cells expressing human FcγRI. Based on cell surface marker expression, 8 of the compounds inhibited the effect of SAP on skewing human Mϕs to an M2 phenotype and in the presence of SAP polarized Mϕs to an M1 phenotype. In diseases, such as tuberculosis, M1s are more effective at killing bacteria than M2s. SAP potentiated the numbers of the mycobacterial strains Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mϕs. When added along with SAP, 2 of the compounds reduced intracellular Mycobacterium numbers. Together, these results indicate that the blocking of SAP effects on Mϕs can skew these cells toward an M1 phenotype, and this may be useful in treating diseases, such as tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiang
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nehemiah Cox
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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IL-6 and IL-18 cytokine gene variants of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with co-morbid diabetes mellitus and their household contacts in Hyderabad. Gene 2017; 627:298-306. [PMID: 28652186 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Association of cytokine genes reflects their susceptibility towards infection and disease in household contacts (HHC) of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Hyperglycemia, a common factor in diabetics might influence their risk towards mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease development. This study determines the association of IL-6 and IL-18 cytokine gene variants of TB patients with diabetes mellitus (TBDM) and their HHC in Hyderabad. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-6 (-174 G>C and -572 G>C) and IL-18 (-137 G>C and -607 C>A) cytokine genes were genotyped by Amplification Refractory Mutation System and Restriction Fragment Length polymerase chain reaction in total of 705 subjects comprising of TBDM, their HHC, PTB, DM and Healthy controls (HC). RESULTS At IL-6 -174G>C variant, GG genotype, G allele in TBDM and TBDM HHC, at -572G>C variant, C allele in TBDM and GG haplotype in TBDM HHC were showing positive association, however DM have not shown any association at IL-6 polymorphic sites. With respect to the IL-18 gene polymorphisms, at -137 G>C variant, GG genotype was positively associated in PTB while at -607 C>A variant positive association was shown with AC genotype in TBDM, their HHC and DM; GACC diplotype in TBDM and GCGC in PTB. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that susceptible combination of IL-6 and IL-18 cytokine genes associated with disease in the HHCs highlight their risk of inclination towards the disease.
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Abstract
Infection with M. tuberculosis remains one of the most common infections in the world. The outcome of the infection depends on host ability to mount effective protection and balance inflammatory responses. Neutrophils are innate immune cells implicated in both processes. Accordingly, during M. tuberculosis infection, they play a dual role. Particularly, they contribute to the generation of effector T cells, participate in the formation of granuloma, and are directly involved in tissue necrosis, destruction, and infection dissemination. Neutrophils have a high bactericidal potential. However, data on their ability to eliminate M. tuberculosis are controversial, and the results of neutrophil depletion experiments are not uniform. Thus, the overall roles of neutrophils during M. tuberculosis infection and factors that determine these roles are not fully understood. This review analyzes data on neutrophil defensive and pathological functions during tuberculosis and considers hypotheses explaining the dualism of neutrophils during M. tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease.
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Domingo-Gonzalez R, Prince O, Cooper A, Khader SA. Cytokines and Chemokines in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 4:10.1128/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0018-2016. [PMID: 27763255 PMCID: PMC5205539 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.tbtb2-0018-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and cytokines are critical for initiating and coordinating the organized and sequential recruitment and activation of cells into Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected lungs. Correct mononuclear cellular recruitment and localization are essential to ensure control of bacterial growth without the development of diffuse and damaging granulocytic inflammation. An important block to our understanding of TB pathogenesis lies in dissecting the critical aspects of the cytokine/chemokine interplay in light of the conditional role these molecules play throughout infection and disease development. Much of the data highlighted in this review appears at first glance to be contradictory, but it is the balance between the cytokines and chemokines that is critical, and the "goldilocks" (not too much and not too little) phenomenon is paramount in any discussion of the role of these molecules in TB. Determination of how the key chemokines/cytokines and their receptors are balanced and how the loss of that balance can promote disease is vital to understanding TB pathogenesis and to identifying novel therapies for effective eradication of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Prince
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Andrea Cooper
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
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Deviant Behavior: Tick-Borne Pathogens and Inflammasome Signaling. Vet Sci 2016; 3:vetsci3040027. [PMID: 29056735 PMCID: PMC5606592 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci3040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of an assault, host cells mount an immediate response orchestrated by innate immunity. Two of the best described innate immune signaling networks are the Toll- and the Nod-like receptor pathways. Extensive work has been done characterizing both signaling cascades with several recent advances on the forefront of inflammasome biology. In this review, we will discuss how more commonly-studied pathogens differ from tick-transmitted microbes in the context of Nod-like receptor signaling and inflammasome formation. Because pathogens transmitted by ticks have unique characteristics, we offer the opinion that these microbes can be used to uncover novel principles of Nod-like receptor biology.
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Kupz A, Zedler U, Stäber M, Kaufmann SHE. A Mouse Model of Latent Tuberculosis Infection to Study Intervention Strategies to Prevent Reactivation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158849. [PMID: 27391012 PMCID: PMC4938611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the leading cause of death in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ individuals, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Management of this deadly co-infection is a significant global health challenge that is exacerbated by the lack of efficient vaccines against both Mtb and HIV, as well as the lack of reliable and robust animal models for Mtb/HIV co-infection. Here we describe a tractable and reproducible mouse model to study the reactivation dynamics of latent Mtb infection following the loss of CD4+ T cells as it occurs in HIV-co-infected individuals. Whereas intradermally (i.d.) infected C57BL/6 mice contained Mtb within the local draining lymph nodes, depletion of CD4+ cells led to progressive systemic spread of the bacteria and induction of lung pathology. To interrogate whether reactivation of Mtb after CD4+ T cell depletion can be reversed, we employed interleukin (IL)-2/anti-IL-2 complex-mediated cell boost approaches. Although populations of non-CD4 lymphocytes, such as CD8+ memory T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and double-negative (DN) T cells significantly expanded after IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex treatment, progressive development of bacteremia and pathologic lung alterations could not be prevented. These data suggest that the failure to reverse Mtb reactivation is likely not due to anergy of the expanded cell subsets and rather indicates a limited potential for IL-2-complex-based therapies in the management of Mtb/HIV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kupz
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail: (SHEK); (AK)
| | - Ulrike Zedler
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Stäber
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (SHEK); (AK)
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Kupz A, Zedler U, Stäber M, Perdomo C, Dorhoi A, Brosch R, Kaufmann SHE. ESAT-6-dependent cytosolic pattern recognition drives noncognate tuberculosis control in vivo. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2109-22. [PMID: 27111234 DOI: 10.1172/jci84978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ is a critical mediator of host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells have long been regarded as the main producer of IFN-γ in tuberculosis (TB), and CD4+ T cell immunity is the main target of current TB vaccine candidates. However, given the recent failures of such a TB vaccine candidate in clinical trials, strategies to harness CD4-independent mechanisms of protection should be included in future vaccine design. Here, we have reported that noncognate IFN-γ production by Mtb antigen-independent memory CD8+ T cells and NK cells is protective during Mtb infection and evaluated the mechanistic regulation of IFN-γ production by these cells in vivo. Transfer of arenavirus- or protein-specific CD8+ T cells or NK cells reduced the mortality and morbidity rates of mice highly susceptible to TB in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. Secretion of IFN-γ by these cell populations required IL-18, sensing of mycobacterial viability, Mtb protein 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target-mediated (ESAT-6-mediated) cytosolic contact, and activation of NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes in CD11c+ cell subsets. Neutralization of IL-18 abrogated protection in susceptible recipient mice that had received noncognate cells. Moreover, improved Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine-induced protection was lost in the absence of ESAT-6-dependent cytosolic contact. Our findings provide a comprehensive mechanistic framework for antigen-independent IFN-γ secretion in response to Mtb with critical implications for future intervention strategies against TB.
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Ahsan F, Moura-Alves P, Guhlich-Bornhof U, Klemm M, Kaufmann SHE, Maertzdorf J. Role of Interleukin 36γ in Host Defense Against Tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:464-74. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Coexistent Malnutrition Is Associated with Perturbations in Systemic and Antigen-Specific Cytokine Responses in Latent Tuberculosis Infection. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2016; 23:339-45. [PMID: 26865593 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00009-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition, as defined by low body mass index (BMI), is a major risk factor for the development of active tuberculosis (TB), although the biological basis underlying this susceptibility remains poorly characterized. To verify whether malnutrition affects the systemic and antigen-specific cytokine levels in individuals with latent TB (LTB), we examined circulating and TB antigen-stimulated levels of cytokines in individuals with LTB and low BMI (LBMI) and compared them with those in individuals with LTB and normal BMI (NBMI). Coexistent LBMI with LTB was characterized by diminished circulating levels of type 1 (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), type 2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4]), type 17 (IL-22), and other proinflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6) cytokines but elevated levels of other type 2 (IL-5 and IL-13) and regulatory (IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β]) cytokines. In addition, LBMI with LTB was associated with diminished TB antigen-induced IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-1β levels. Finally, there was a significant positive correlation between BMI values and TNF-α and IL-1β levels and a significant negative correlation between BMI values and IL-2, IL-10, and TGF-β levels in individuals with LTB. Therefore, our data reveal that latent TB with a coexistent low BMI is characterized by diminished protective cytokine responses and heightened regulatory cytokine responses, providing a potential biological mechanism for the increased risk of developing active TB.
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Taheri M, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Hamzehnejadi M, Naderi M, Moazeni-Roodi A, Bahari G, Hashemi M. Lack of Association between Interleukin-18 –607 C/A Gene Polymorphism and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Zahedan, Southeast Iran. Prague Med Rep 2015; 113:16-22. [DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2015.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays a critical role in immune response, contributing to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of infectious diseases. Polymorphisms in the IL-18 genes are known to influence expression levels and may be associated with outcome of infections. The objective of this study was to determine whether the presence of IL-18 polymorphisms –607 A/C (rs1946518) was associated with tuberculosis disease. We investigated the functional polymorphism of IL-18 (rs1946518) in 174 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 177 healthy subjects. Genotype analysis was done using tetra amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (T-ARMS-PCR). The allelic and genotypic frequencies of the IL-18 polymorphism did not differ significantly between PTB and the controls. Our finding suggests that IL-18 polymorphism (rs1946518) may not be a risk factor for susceptibility to tuberculosis in a sample of Iranian population. Further studies are required to validate our findings.
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Dendritic Cell Activity Driven by Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG Producing Human IL-18, in Healthy BCG Vaccinated Adults. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:359153. [PMID: 26339658 PMCID: PMC4539176 DOI: 10.1155/2015/359153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains an enormous global burden, despite wide vaccination coverage with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only vaccine available against this disease, indicating that BCG-driven immunity is insufficient to protect the human population against tuberculosis. In this study we constructed recombinant BCG producing human IL-18 (rBCGhIL-18) and investigated whether human IL-18 produced by rBCGhIL-18 modulates DC functions and enhances Th1 responses to mycobacterial antigens in humans. We found that the costimulatory CD86 and CD80 molecules were significantly upregulated on rBCGhIL-18-infected DCs, whereas the stimulation of DCs with nonrecombinant BCG was less effective. In contrast, both BCG strains decreased the DC-SIGN expression on human DCs. The rBCGhIL-18 increased IL-23, IL-10, and IP-10 production by DCs to a greater extent than nonrecombinant BCG. In a coculture system of CD4+ T cells and loaded DCs, rBCGhIL-18 favoured strong IFN-γ but also IL-10 production by naive T cells but not by memory T cells. This was much less the case for nonrecombinant BCG. Thus the expression of IL-18 by recombinant BCG increases IL-23, IP-10, and IL-10 expression by human DCs and enhances their ability to induce IFN-γ and IL-10 expression by naive T cells, without affecting the maturation phenotype of the DCs.
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Romero-Adrian TB, Leal-Montiel J, Fernández G, Valecillo A. Role of cytokines and other factors involved in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. World J Immunol 2015; 5:16-50. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogen that is widely distributed geographically and continues to be a major threat to world health. Bacterial virulence factors, nutritional state, host genetic condition and immune response play an important role in the evolution of the infection. The genetically diverse Mtb strains from different lineages have been shown to induce variable immune system response. The modern and ancient lineages strains induce different cytokines patterns. The immunity to Mtb depends on Th1-cell activity [interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)]. IL-1β directly kills Mtb in murine and human macrophages. IL-6 is a requirement in host resistance to Mtb infection. IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-17 are participants in Mycobacterium-induced granuloma formation. Other regulating proteins as IL-27 and IL-10 can prevent extensive immunopathology. CXCL 8 enhances the capacity of the neutrophil to kill Mtb. CXCL13 and CCL19 have been identified as participants in the formation of granuloma and control the Mtb infection. Treg cells are increased in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) but decrease with anti-TB treatment. The increment of these cells causes down- regulation of adaptive immune response facilitating the persistence of the bacterial infection. Predominance of Th2 phenotype cytokines increases the severity of TB. The evolution of the Mtb infection will depend of the cytokines network and of the influence of other factors aforementioned.
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Abstract
Macrophages and neutrophils play a decisive role in host responses to intracellular bacteria including the agent of tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis as they represent the forefront of innate immune defense against bacterial invaders. At the same time, these phagocytes are also primary targets of intracellular bacteria to be abused as host cells. Their efficacy to contain and eliminate intracellular M. tuberculosis decides whether a patient initially becomes infected or not. However, when the infection becomes chronic or even latent (as in the case of TB) despite development of specific immune activation, phagocytes have also important effector functions. Macrophages have evolved a myriad of defense strategies to combat infection with intracellular bacteria such as M. tuberculosis. These include induction of toxic anti-microbial effectors such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates, the stimulation of microbe intoxication mechanisms via acidification or metal accumulation in the phagolysosome, the restriction of the microbe's access to essential nutrients such as iron, fatty acids, or amino acids, the production of anti-microbial peptides and cytokines, along with induction of autophagy and efferocytosis to eliminate the pathogen. On the other hand, M. tuberculosis, as a prime example of a well-adapted facultative intracellular bacterium, has learned during evolution to counter-balance the host's immune defense strategies to secure survival or multiplication within this otherwise hostile environment. This review provides an overview of innate immune defense of macrophages directed against intracellular bacteria with a focus on M. tuberculosis. Gaining more insights and knowledge into this complex network of host-pathogen interaction will identify novel target sites of intervention to successfully clear infection at a time of rapidly emerging multi-resistance of M. tuberculosis against conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Disease, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Cellular Microbiology, Priority Area Infections, Research Center BorstelBorstel, Germany
- Department of Immunology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon, UK
- German Centre of Infection Research, TTU-TBBorstel, Germany
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Polymorphisms in TICAM2 and IL1B are associated with TB. Genes Immun 2014; 16:127-133. [PMID: 25521228 PMCID: PMC4352113 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Human genetic susceptibility for tuberculosis (TB) has been demonstrated by several studies, but few have examined multiple innate and adaptive immunity genes comprehensively, age-specific effects, and/or resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (RSTR). We hypothesized that RSTR, defined by a persistently negative tuberculin skin test, may have different genetic influences than Mtb disease. Methods We examined 29 candidate genes in pathways that mediate immune responses to Mtb in subjects in a household contact study in Kampala, Uganda. We genotyped 546 haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 835 individuals from 481 families; 28.7% had TB, 10.5% were RSTR, and the remaining 60.8% had latent Mtb infection. Results Among our most significant findings were SNPs in TICAM2 (p=3.6×10−6) and IL1B (p=4.3×10−5) associated with TB. Multiple SNPs in IL4 and TOLLIP were associated with TB (p<0.05). Age-genotype interaction analysis revealed SNPs in IL18 and TLR6 that were suggestively associated with TB in children ≤ 10 years old (p=2.9×10−3). By contrast, RSTR was associated with SNPs in NOD2, SLC6A3 and TLR4 (nominal p < 0.05); these genes were not associated with TB, suggesting distinct genetic influences. Conclusions We report the first association between TICAM2 polymorphisms and TB, and between IL18 and pediatric TB.
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Zhang J, Zheng L, Zhu D, An H, Yang Y, Liang Y, Zhao W, Ding W, Wu X. Polymorphisms in the interleukin 18 receptor 1 gene and tuberculosis susceptibility among Chinese. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110734. [PMID: 25360588 PMCID: PMC4216003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major public health challenge globally. Genetic epidemiological evidence suggests a genetic basis for TB, but the molecular mechanism for a genetic predisposition to TB remains largely unknown. Thirty-five tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 11 candidate cytokines and related genes, including IL-12/IFN-γ axis genes (IL12B, IL12RB1, IL18R1, IL27, IFNGR1, IFNGR2 and STAT1), the TNF gene locus (TNF and LTA), IL10, and CCL2, were genotyped using Sequenom's iPLEX assays in 1,032 patients with TB and 1,008 controls of Chinese Han origin. We did not find that any of the 35 tag SNPs individually or as haplotypes was significantly associated with susceptibility to TB, on the basis of multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex. However, stratification analyses showed that, in those with age 46 years or older, carrying the rs1974675 T allele in the IL18R1 gene had a significantly decreased susceptibility to TB occurrence compared with carrying the C/C genotype (OR = 0.57, P = 5.0×10(-4)). Further analysis indicated that a SNP in absolute linkage disequilibrium with rs1974675, rs3755276, is located within a CpG dinucleotide and showed hypomethylation in controls than in patients (19.6% vs. 31.4%; P = 1.0×10(-4)) and genotype-specific DNA methylation at the IL18R1 promoter and IL18R1 mRNA levels. In addition, DNA methylation levels were significantly inversely correlated with mRNA levels. Thus, decreased mRNA levels of IL18R1 due to rs3755276 may partially mediate the increased susceptibility to TB risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Zhang
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Donglin Zhu
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huiru An
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yourong Yang
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XW); (WD)
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (XW); (WD)
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