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Miraki Feriz A, Bahraini F, Khosrojerdi A, Azarkar S, Sajjadi SM, HosseiniGol E, Honardoost MA, Saghafi S, Silvestris N, Leone P, Safarpour H, Racanelli V. Deciphering the immune landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A single-cell transcriptomic analysis of regulatory T cell responses to PD-1 blockade therapy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295863. [PMID: 38096229 PMCID: PMC10721039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is changing the Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) landscape and improving outcomes for patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC. A deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is required in light of the limitations of patients' responses to immunotherapy. Here, we aimed to examine how Nivolumab affects infiltrating Tregs in the HNSCC TME. We used single-cell RNA sequencing data from eight tissues isolated from four HNSCC donors before and after Nivolumab treatment. Interestingly, the study found that Treg counts and suppressive activity increased following Nivolumab therapy. We also discovered that changes in the CD44-SSP1 axis, NKG2C/D-HLA-E axis, and KRAS signaling may have contributed to the increase in Treg numbers. Furthermore, our study suggests that decreasing the activity of the KRAS and Notch signaling pathways, and increasing FOXP3, CTLA-4, LAG-3, and GZMA expression, may be mechanisms that enhance the killing and suppressive capacity of Tregs. Additionally, the result of pseudo-temporal analysis of the HNSCC TME indicated that after Nivolumab therapy, the expression of certain inhibitory immune checkpoints including TIGIT, ENTPD1, and CD276 and LY9, were decreased in Tregs, while LAG-3 showed an increased expression level. The study also found that Tregs had a dense communication network with cluster two, and that certain ligand-receptor pairs, including SPP1/CD44, HLA-E/KLRC2, HLA-E/KLRK1, ANXA1/FPR3, and CXCL9/FCGR2A, had notable changes after the therapy. These changes in gene expression and cell interactions may have implications for the role of Tregs in the TME and in response to Nivolumab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adib Miraki Feriz
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bahraini
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Setareh Azarkar
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Edris HosseiniGol
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Honardoost
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samira Saghafi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center (CMRC), BUMS, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, BUMS, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Leone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Vito Racanelli
- Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento and Internal Medicine Division, Santa Chiara Hospital, Provincial Health Care Agency (APSS), Trento, Italy
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2
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Ou Q, Power R, Griffin MD. Revisiting regulatory T cells as modulators of innate immune response and inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287465. [PMID: 37928540 PMCID: PMC10623442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are known to be critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis by suppressing the activation of auto- or allo-reactive effector T cells through a diverse repertoire of molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing Treg numbers or potency in the setting of autoimmunity and allogeneic transplants have been energetically pursued and are beginning to yield some encouraging outcomes in early phase clinical trials. Less well recognized from a translational perspective, however, has been the mounting body of evidence that Treg directly modulate most aspects of innate immune response under a range of different acute and chronic disease conditions. Recognizing this aspect of Treg immune modulatory function provides a bridge for the application of Treg-based therapies to common medical conditions in which organ and tissue damage is mediated primarily by inflammation involving myeloid cells (mononuclear phagocytes, granulocytes) and innate lymphocytes (NK cells, NKT cells, γδ T cells and ILCs). In this review, we comprehensively summarize pre-clinical and human research that has revealed diverse modulatory effects of Treg and specific Treg subpopulations on the range of innate immune cell types. In each case, we emphasize the key mechanistic insights and the evidence that Treg interactions with innate immune effectors can have significant impacts on disease severity or treatment. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges that exist for the application of Treg-based therapeutic interventions to three globally impactful, inflammatory conditions: type 2 diabetes and its end-organ complications, ischemia reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Ou
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rachael Power
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Nephrology Department, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland
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3
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Goral A, Sledz M, Manda-Handzlik A, Cieloch A, Wojciechowska A, Lachota M, Mroczek A, Demkow U, Zagozdzon R, Matusik K, Wachowska M, Muchowicz A. Regulatory T cells contribute to the immunosuppressive phenotype of neutrophils in a mouse model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:89. [PMID: 37817276 PMCID: PMC10563345 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired neutrophil activity is an important issue in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), as it contributes to a dysfunctional immune response leading to life-threatening infections in patients. Some features typical of CLL neutrophils, e.g., the B-cell-supportive secretion profile, have already been described. However, most of these studies were performed on cells isolated from peripheral blood. It is still unclear which molecular factors and cell types are involved in shaping neutrophil function and phenotype in the CLL microenvironment. Since regulatory T cells (Treg) play an important role in CLL progression and influence the activity of neutrophils, we investigated the crosstalk between Treg and neutrophils in the spleen using a murine model of CLL. METHODS In this work, we used an Eµ-TCL1 mouse model of human CLL. For our in vivo and ex vivo experiments, we inoculated wild-type mice with TCL1 leukemic cells isolated from Eµ-TCL1 transgenic mice and then monitored disease progression by detecting leukemic cells in peripheral blood. We analyzed both the phenotype and activity of neutrophils isolated from the spleens of TCL1 leukemia-bearing mice. To investigate the interrelation between Treg and neutrophils in the leukemia microenvironment, we performed experiments using TCL1-injected DEREG mice with Treg depletion or RAG2KO mice with adoptively transferred TCL1 cells alone or together with Treg. RESULTS The obtained results underline the plasticity of the neutrophil phenotype, observed under the influence of leukemic cells alone and depending on the presence of Treg. In particular, Treg affect the expression of CD62L and IL-4 receptor in neutrophils, both of which are crucial for the function of these cells. Additionally, we show that Treg depletion and IL-10 neutralization induce changes in the leukemia microenvironment, partially restoring the "healthy" phenotype of neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, the results indicate that the crosstalk between Treg and neutrophils in CLL may play an important role in CLL progression by interfering with the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Goral
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Marta Sledz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-091, Poland
| | - Aneta Manda-Handzlik
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-091, Poland
| | - Adrianna Cieloch
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-091, Poland
| | - Alicja Wojciechowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Mieszko Lachota
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, 04-730, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mroczek
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-091, Poland
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-091, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-091, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matusik
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-091, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wachowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-091, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland.
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland.
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Washburn RL, Martinez-Marin D, Sniegowski T, Korać K, Rodriguez AR, Miranda JM, Chilton BS, Bright RK, Pruitt K, Bhutia YD, Dufour JM. Sertoli Cells Express Accommodation, Survival, and Immunoregulatory Factors When Exposed to Normal Human Serum. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1650. [PMID: 37371745 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is a clinical procedure that treats a variety of diseases yet is unattainable for many patients due to a nationwide organ shortage and the harsh side effects of chronic immune suppression. Xenografted pig organs are an attractive alternative to traditional allografts and would provide an endless supply of transplantable tissue, but transplants risk rejection by the recipient's immune system. An essential component of the rejection immune response is the complement system. Sertoli cells, an immunoregulatory testicular cell, survive complement as xenografts long term without any immune suppressants. We hypothesized that exposure to the xenogeneic complement influences Sertoli cell gene expression of other accommodation factors that contribute to their survival; thus, the purpose of this study was to describe these potential changes in gene expression. RNA sequencing of baseline neonatal pig Sertoli cells (NPSC) as compared to NPSC after exposure to normal human serum (NHS, containing complement) revealed 62 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEG) that affect over 30 pathways involved in immune regulation, cell survival, and transplant accommodation. Twelve genes of interest were selected for further study, and Sertoli cell protein expression of CCL2 and the accommodation factor A20 were confirmed for the first time. Functional pathway analyses were conducted in NPSC and three biological clusters were revealed as being considerably affected by NHS exposure: innate immune signaling, cytokine signaling, and T cell regulation. Better understanding of the interaction of Sertoli cells with complement in a xenograft environment may reveal the mechanisms behind immune-privileged systems to increase graft viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Washburn
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| | - Dalia Martinez-Marin
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| | - Tyler Sniegowski
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| | - Ksenija Korać
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| | - Alexis R Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| | - Jonathan M Miranda
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| | - Beverly S Chilton
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| | - Robert K Bright
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| | - Yangzom D Bhutia
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| | - Jannette M Dufour
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
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5
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Kou M, Lu W, Zhu M, Qu K, Wang L, Yu Y. Massively recruited sTLR9 + neutrophils in rapidly formed nodules at the site of tumor cell inoculation and their contribution to a pro-tumor microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023:10.1007/s00262-023-03451-1. [PMID: 37079065 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils exert either pro- or anti-tumor activities. However, few studies have focused on neutrophils at the tumor initiation stage. In this study, we unexpectedly found a subcutaneous nodule in the groin areas of mice inoculated with tumor cells. The nodule was developed 24 h after the inoculation, filled with tumor cells and massively recruited neutrophils, being designated as tumor nodules. 22% of the neutrophils in tumor nodules are surface TLR9 (sTLR9) expressing neutrophils (sTLR9+ neutrophils). With tumor progression, sTLR9+ neutrophils were sustainably increased in tumor nodules/tumor tissues, reaching to 90.8% on day 13 after inoculation, with increased expression of IL-10 and decreased or no expression of TNFα. In vivo administration of CpG 5805 significantly reduced sTLR9 expression of the sTLR9+ neutrophils. The reduction of sTLR9 on neutrophils in tumor nodules contributed to the induction of an anti-tumor microenvironment conductive to the inhibition of tumor growth. Overall, the study provides insights for understanding the role of sTLR9+ neutrophils in the tumor development, especially in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Kou
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengru Zhu
- Department of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Qu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Jotereau F, Alameddine J, Teusan R, Pédron A, Jouand N, Altare F, Godefroy E. Human gut microbiota-reactive DP8α regulatory T cells, signature and related emerging functions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026994. [PMID: 36479125 PMCID: PMC9720269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, microbiota-induced Tregs both maintain intestinal homeostasis and provide resistance to immuno-pathologies in the adult. Identifying their human functional counterpart therefore represents an important goal. We discovered, in the human colonic lamina propria and blood, a FoxP3-negative IL-10-secreting Treg subset, which co-expresses CD4 and CD8α (hence named DP8α) and displays a TCR-reactivity against Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, indicating a role for this symbiotic bacterium in their induction. Moreover, supporting their role in intestinal homeostasis, we previously reported both their drastic decrease in IBD patients and their protective role in vivo against intestinal inflammation, in mice. Here, we aimed at identifying the genomic, phenotypic and functional signatures of these microbiota-induced Tregs, towards delineating their physiological role(s) and clinical potential. Human F. prausnitzii-reactive DP8α Treg clones were derived from both the colonic lamina propria and blood. RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry and functional assays were performed to characterize their response upon activation and compare them to donor- and tissue-matched FoxP3+ Treg clones. DP8α Tregs exhibited a unique mixed Tr1-like/cytotoxic CD4+ T cell-profile and shared the RORγt and MAF master genes with mouse gut microbiota-induced FoxP3+ Tregs. We revealed their potent cytotoxic, chemotactic and IgA-promoting abilities, which were confirmed using in vitro assays. Therefore, besides their induction by a Clostridium bacterium, DP8α Tregs also partake master genes with mouse microbiota-induced Tregs. The present identification of their complete signature and novel functional properties, should be key in delineating the in vivo roles and therapeutic applications of these unique human microbiota-induced Tregs through their study in pathological contexts, particularly in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Jotereau
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Godefroy, ; Francine Jotereau, ; Frédéric Altare,
| | - Joudy Alameddine
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France
| | - Raluca Teusan
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Annabelle Pédron
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Jouand
- Cytocell, BioCore, Nantes Université UMS 3556, Inserm US016, CNRS UAR 3556, CHU Nantes, SFR Santé François BONAMY, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Altare
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Godefroy, ; Francine Jotereau, ; Frédéric Altare,
| | - Emmanuelle Godefroy
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Godefroy, ; Francine Jotereau, ; Frédéric Altare,
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7
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Català C, Velasco-de Andrés M, Leyton-Pereira A, Casadó-Llombart S, Sáez Moya M, Gutiérrez-Cózar R, García-Luna J, Consuegra-Fernández M, Isamat M, Aranda F, Martínez-Florensa M, Engel P, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Lozano F. CD6 deficiency impairs early immune response to bacterial sepsis. iScience 2022; 25:105078. [PMID: 36157587 PMCID: PMC9490029 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD6 is a lymphocyte-specific scavenger receptor expressed on adaptive (T) and innate (B1a, NK) immune cells, which is involved in both fine-tuning of lymphocyte activation/differentiation and recognition of bacterial-associated molecular patterns (i.e., lipopolysaccharide). However, evidence on CD6’s role in the physiological response to bacterial infection was missing. Our results show that induction of monobacterial and polymicrobial sepsis in Cd6−/− mice results in lower survival rates and increased bacterial loads and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Steady state analyses of Cd6−/− mice show decreased levels of natural polyreactive antibodies, concomitant with decreased cell counts of spleen B1a and marginal zone B cells. Adoptive transfer of wild-type B cells and mouse serum, as well as a polyreactive monoclonal antibody improve Cd6−/− mouse survival rates post-sepsis. These findings support a nonredundant role for CD6 in the early response against bacterial infection, through homeostatic expansion and functionality of innate-related immune cells. CD6 is a nonredundant receptor in early immune response to sepsis Cd6−/− mice show higher susceptibility to bacterial sepsis Cd6−/− mice show lower B1a and MZB cell and natural polyreactive antibody levels B cell and serum transfer restore susceptibility of Cd6−/− mice to bacterial sepsis
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Català
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Velasco-de Andrés
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Leyton-Pereira
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Casadó-Llombart
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Sáez Moya
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Gutiérrez-Cózar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Luna
- Área Inmunología, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, DEPBIO/IQB, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marta Consuegra-Fernández
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcos Isamat
- Sepsia Therapeutics S.L., 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mario Martínez-Florensa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, DEPBIO/IQB, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Wara AK, Rawal S, Yang X, Pérez-Cremades D, Sachan M, Chen J, Feinberg MW. KLF10 deficiency in CD4 + T cells promotes atherosclerosis progression by altering macrophage dynamics. Atherosclerosis 2022; 359:27-41. [PMID: 36174463 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Accumulating evidence supports a critical role for CD4+ T cells as drivers and modifiers of the chronic inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. Effector T cells have pro-atherogenic properties, whereas CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert suppressive activity in atherosclerosis through increased secretion of inhibitory cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β or interleukin-10. In addition, Tregs have been shown to suppress inflammatory macrophages and promote the resolution of atherosclerosis plaques. Impaired Treg numbers and function have been associated with atherosclerosis plaque development. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we investigated a cell-autonomous role of a transcription factor, Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10), in CD4+ T cells in regulating atherosclerosis progression. Using CD4+ T-cell-specific KLF10 knockout (TKO) mice, we identified exaggerated plaque progression due to defects in immunosuppressive functions of Tregs on macrophages. TKO mice exhibited increased lesion size as well as higher CD4+ T cells and macrophage content compared to WT mice. TKO plaques also showed increased necrotic cores along with defective macrophage efferocytosis. In contrast, adoptive cellular therapy using WT Tregs abrogated the accelerated lesion progression and deleterious effects in TKO mice. Intriguingly, RNA-seq analyses of TKO lesions revealed increased chemotaxis and cell proliferation, and reduced phagocytosis compared to WT lesions. Mechanistically, TKO-Tregs impaired the efferocytosis capacity of macrophages in vitro and promoted a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype via increased IFN-γ and decreased TGF-β secretion. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings establish a critical role for KLF10 in regulating CD4+ Treg-macrophage interactions and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akm Khyrul Wara
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shruti Rawal
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xilan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of General Practice, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Daniel Pérez-Cremades
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Madhur Sachan
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jingshu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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9
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Filimon A, Preda IA, Boloca AF, Negroiu G. Interleukin-8 in Melanoma Pathogenesis, Prognosis and Therapy-An Integrated View into Other Neoplasms and Chemokine Networks. Cells 2021; 11:120. [PMID: 35011682 PMCID: PMC8750532 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma accounts for only about 7% of skin cancers but is causing almost 90% of deaths. Melanoma cells have a distinct repertoire of mutations from other cancers, a high plasticity and degree of mimicry toward vascular phenotype, stemness markers, versatility in evading and suppress host immune control. They exert a significant influence on immune, endothelial and various stromal cells which form tumor microenvironment. The metastatic stage, the leading cause of mortality in this neoplasm, is the outcome of a complex, still poorly understood, cross-talk between tumor and other cell phenotypes. There is accumulating evidence that Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is emblematic for advanced melanomas. This work aimed to present an updated status of IL-8 in melanoma tumor cellular complexity, through a comprehensive analysis including data from other chemokines and neoplasms. The multiple processes and mechanisms surveyed here demonstrate that IL-8 operates following orchestrated programs within signaling webs in melanoma, stromal and vascular cells. Importantly, the yet unknown molecularity regulating IL-8 impact on cells of the immune system could be exploited to overturn tumor fate. The molecular and cellular targets of IL-8 should be brought into the attention of even more intense scientific exploration and valorization in the therapeutical management of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriela Negroiu
- Group of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (I.A.P.); (A.F.B.)
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10
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Moreau JM, Dhariwala MO, Gouirand V, Boda DP, Boothby IC, Lowe MM, Cohen JN, Macon CE, Leech JM, Kalekar LA, Scharschmidt TC, Rosenblum MD. Regulatory T cells promote innate inflammation after skin barrier breach via TGF-β activation. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/62/eabg2329. [PMID: 34452925 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) use multiple mechanisms to attenuate inflammation and prevent autoimmunity. Tregs residing in peripheral (i.e., nonlymphoid) tissues have specialized functions; specifically, skin Tregs promote wound healing, suppress dermal fibrosis, facilitate epidermal regeneration, and augment hair follicle cycling. Here, we demonstrated that skin Tregs were transcriptionally attuned to interact with their tissue environment through increased expression of integrin and TGF-β pathway genes that influence epithelial cell biology. We identified a molecular pathway where skin Tregs license keratinocytes to promote innate inflammation after skin barrier breach. Using a single-cell discovery approach, we identified preferential expression of the integrin αvβ8 on skin Tregs Upon skin injury, Tregs used this integrin to activate latent TGF-β, which acted directly on epithelial cells to promote CXCL5 production and neutrophil recruitment. Induction of this circuit delayed epidermal regeneration but provided protection from Staphylococcus aureus infection across a compromised barrier. Thus, αvβ8-expressing Tregs in the skin, somewhat paradoxical to their canonical immunosuppressive functions, facilitated inflammation acutely after loss of barrier integrity to promote host defense against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Moreau
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miqdad O Dhariwala
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victoire Gouirand
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Devi P Boda
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ian C Boothby
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Margaret M Lowe
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jarish N Cohen
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Courtney E Macon
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John M Leech
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lokesh A Kalekar
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany C Scharschmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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11
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Ring S, Inaba Y, Da M, Bopp T, Grabbe S, Enk A, Mahnke K. Regulatory T Cells Prevent Neutrophilic Infiltration of Skin during Contact Hypersensitivity Reactions by Strengthening the Endothelial Barrier. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2006-2017. [PMID: 33675787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The healing phase of contact hypersensitivity reactions is critically dependent on regulatory T cells (Tregs), but even the early inflammatory phase, that is, 6-24 hours after induction of a contact hypersensitivity reaction, is susceptible to Treg-mediated suppression. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we injected Tregs before the challenge and analyzed the skin-infiltrating cells as early as 6 hours later. Early on, we found mainly neutrophils in the challenged skin, but only a few T cells. This influx of neutrophils was blocked by the injection of Tregs, indicating that they were able to prevent the first wave of leukocytes, which are responsible for starting an immune reaction. As an underlying mechanism, we identified that Tregs can tighten endothelial junctions by inducing intracellular cAMP, leading to protein kinase A-RhoA‒dependent signaling. This eventually reorganizes endothelial junction proteins, such as Notch3, Nectin 2, Filamin B, and VE-cadherin, all of which contribute to the tightening of the endothelial barrier. In summary, Tregs prevent the leakage of proinflammatory cells from and into the tissue, which establishes a mechanism to downregulate immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ring
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yutaka Inaba
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meihong Da
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Enk
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Battaglia M, Buckner JH, Levings MK, Richardson SJ, Wong FS, Tree TI. Identifying the 'Achilles heel' of type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:167-178. [PMID: 33368173 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When Thetis dipped her son Achilles into the River Styx to make him immortal, she held him by the heel, which was not submerged, and thus created a weak spot that proved deadly for Achilles. Millennia later, Achilles heel is part of today's lexicon meaning an area of weakness or a vulnerable spot that causes failure. Also implied is that an Achilles heel is often missed, forgotten or under-appreciated until it is under attack, and then failure is fatal. Paris killed Achilles with an arrow 'guided by the Gods'. Understanding the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in order to direct therapy for prevention and treatment is a major goal of research into T1D. At the International Congress of the Immunology of Diabetes Society, 2018, five leading experts were asked to present the case for a particular cell/element that could represent 'the Achilles heel of T1D'. These included neutrophils, B cells, CD8+ T cells, regulatory CD4+ T cells, and enteroviruses, all of which have been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Did a single entity emerge as 'the' Achilles heel of T1D? The arguments are summarized here, to make this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Battaglia
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - J H Buckner
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M K Levings
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S J Richardson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - F S Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - T I Tree
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences (SIMS), King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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13
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Li H, Omange RW, Liang B, Toledo N, Hai Y, Liu LR, Schalk D, Crecente-Campo J, Dacoba TG, Lambe AB, Lim SY, Li L, Kashem MA, Wan Y, Correia-Pinto JF, Seaman MS, Liu XQ, Balshaw RF, Li Q, Schultz-Darken N, Alonso MJ, Plummer FA, Whitney JB, Luo M. Vaccine targeting SIVmac251 protease cleavage sites protects macaques against vaginal infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6429-6442. [PMID: 32853182 DOI: 10.1172/jci138728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
After over 3 decades of research, an effective anti-HIV vaccine remains elusive. The recently halted HVTN702 clinical trial not only further stresses the challenge to develop an effective HIV vaccine but also emphasizes that unconventional and novel vaccine strategies are urgently needed. Here, we report that a vaccine focusing the immune response on the sequences surrounding the 12 viral protease cleavage sites (PCSs) provided greater than 80% protection to Mauritian cynomolgus macaques against repeated intravaginal SIVmac251 challenges. The PCS-specific T cell responses correlated with vaccine efficacy. The PCS vaccine did not induce immune activation or inflammation known to be associated with increased susceptibility to HIV infection. Machine learning analyses revealed that the immune microenvironment generated by the PCS vaccine was predictive of vaccine efficacy. Our study demonstrates, for the first time to our knowledge, that a vaccine which targets only viral maturation, but lacks full-length Env and Gag immunogens, can prevent intravaginal infection in a stringent macaque/SIV challenge model. Targeting HIV maturation thus offers a potentially novel approach to developing an effective HIV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert W Omange
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Binhua Liang
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nikki Toledo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yan Hai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lewis R Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dane Schalk
- Scientific Protocol Implementation Unit, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jose Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tamara G Dacoba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - So-Yon Lim
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lin Li
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mohammad Abul Kashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jorge F Correia-Pinto
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiao Qing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert F Balshaw
- Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Scientific Protocol Implementation Unit, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maria J Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francis A Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James B Whitney
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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14
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Apte SH, Minigo G, Groves PL, Spargo JC, Plebanski M, Grigg MJ, Kenangalem E, Burel JG, Loughland JR, Flanagan KL, Piera KA, William T, Price RN, Woodberry T, Barber BE, Anstey NM, Doolan DL. A population of CD4 hiCD38 hi T cells correlates with disease severity in patients with acute malaria. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1209. [PMID: 33282291 PMCID: PMC7684974 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD4+ T cells are critical mediators of immunity to Plasmodium spp. infection, but their characteristics during malarial episodes and immunopathology in naturally infected adults are poorly defined. Flow cytometric analysis of PBMCs from patients with either P. falciparum or P. knowlesi malaria revealed a pronounced population of CD4+ T cells co-expressing very high levels of CD4 and CD38 we have termed CD4hiCD38hi T cells. We set out to gain insight into the function of these novel cells. METHODS CD4+ T cells from 18 patients with P. falciparum or P. knowlesi malaria were assessed by flow cytometry and sorted into populations of CD4hiCD38hi or CD4norm T cells. Gene expression in the sorted populations was assessed by qPCR and NanoString. RESULTS CD4hiCD38hi T cells expressed high levels of CD4 mRNA and canonical type 1 regulatory T-cell (TR1) genes including IL10, IFNG, LAG3 and HAVCR2 (TIM3), and other genes with relevance to cell migration and immunomodulation. These cells increased in proportion to malaria disease severity and were absent after parasite clearance with antimalarials. CONCLUSION In naturally infected adults with acute malaria, a prominent population of type 1 regulatory T cells arises that can be defined by high co-expression of CD4 and CD38 (CD4hiCD38hi) and that correlates with disease severity in patients with falciparum malaria. This study provides fundamental insights into T-cell biology, including the first evidence that CD4 expression is modulated at the mRNA level. These findings have important implications for understanding the balance between immunity and immunopathology during malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon H Apte
- Infectious Diseases ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia,Present address:
Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles HospitalChermsideQLDAustralia
| | - Gabriela Minigo
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Penny L Groves
- Infectious Diseases ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Jessie C Spargo
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash UniversityPrahranVICAustralia,School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Mathew J Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Enny Kenangalem
- Papuan Health and Community Development FoundationTimikaIndonesia
| | - Julie G Burel
- Infectious Diseases ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia,Present address:
La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Jessica R Loughland
- Infectious Diseases ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia,Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash UniversityPrahranVICAustralia,School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityBundooraVICAustralia,School of MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaLauncestonTASAustralia
| | - Kim A Piera
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Timothy William
- School of MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaLauncestonTASAustralia
| | - Ric N Price
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineCentre for Tropical Medicine and Global HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research UnitFaculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Tonia Woodberry
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Bridget E Barber
- Infectious Diseases ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia,Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Infectious Diseases ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia,Centre for Molecular TherapeuticsAustralian Institute of Tropical Health & MedicineJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia
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15
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Abstract
SARS-CoV2 infection or COVID-19 has created panic around the world since its first origin in December 2019 in Wuhan city, China. The COVID-19 pandemic has infected more than 46.4 million people, with 1,199,727 deaths. The immune system plays a crucial role in the severity of COVID-19 and the development of pneumonia-induced acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Along with providing protection, both innate and T cell-based adaptive immune response dysregulate during severe SARS-CoV2 infection. This dysregulation is more pronounced in older population and patients with comorbidities (Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, other pulmonary and autoimmune diseases). However, COVID-19 patients develop protective antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV2, but they do not long for last. The induction of the immune response against the pathogen also requires metabolic energy that generates through the process of immunometabolism. The change in the metabolic stage of immune cells from homeostasis to an inflammatory or infectious environment is called immunometabolic reprogramming. The article describes the cellular immunology (macrophages, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, NK cells and pulmonary epithelial cells (PEC) and vascular endothelial cells) and the associated immune response during COVID-19. Immunometabolism may serve as a cell-specific therapeutic approach to target COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Zhu X, Zhang Z, Ren J, Jia L, Ding S, Pu J, Ma W, Tao Y, Zu Y, Li W, Zhang Q. Molecular Characterization and Chemotactic Function of CXCL8 in Northeast Chinese Lamprey ( Lethenteron morii). Front Immunol 2020; 11:1738. [PMID: 33013827 PMCID: PMC7461807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine-induced chemotaxis of leukocytes is an important part of the innate immunity and has been shown to mediate inflammation in all groups of jawed vertebrates. For jawless vertebrates, hagfish leukocytes are known to show chemotaxis toward mammalian complement anaphylotoxin and Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide. However, whether chemokines mediate chemotaxis of leukocytes in jawless vertebrates has not been conclusively examined. Here, we show C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8, also named interleukin 8) of the Northeast Chinese lamprey (Lethenteron morii) (designated as LmCXCL8) induces chemotaxis in its leukocytes. We identified LmCXCL8 and found it possesses the characteristic N-terminal cysteine residues and GGR (Gly-Gly-Arg) motif. The Lmcxcl8 gene was found to be expressed in all examined tissues, and its expression was inducible in the lamprey challenged by an infectious bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A recombinant LmCXCL8 protein elicited concentration-dependent chemotaxis in peripheral blood leukocytes isolated from the Northeast Chinese lamprey. Based on these results, we conclude that LmCXCL8 is a constitutive and inducible acute-phase cytokine that mediates immune defense and trace the chemotactic function of chemokine to basal vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiafei Pu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Multidirectional Strategies for Targeted Delivery of Oncolytic Viruses by Tumor Infiltrating Immune Cells. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105094. [PMID: 32795509 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy has demonstrated to be a promising approach in cancer treatment due to tumor-specific oncolysis. However, their clinical use so far has been largely limited due to the lack of suitable delivery strategies with high efficacy. Direct 'intratumoral' injection is the way to cross the hurdles of systemic toxicity, while providing local effects. Progress in this field has enabled the development of alternative way using 'systemic' oncolytic virotherapy for producing better results. One major potential roadblock to systemic OV delivery is the low virus persistence in the face of hostile immune system. The delivery challenge is even greater when attempting to target the oncolytic viruses into the entire tumor mass, where not all tumor cells are equally exposed to exactly the same microenvironment. The microenvironment of many tumors is known to be massively infiltrated with various types of leucocytes in both primary and metastatic sites. Interestingly, this intratumoral immune cell heterogeneity exhibits a degree of organized distribution inside the tumor bed as evidenced, for example, by the hypoxic tumor microenviroment where predominantly recruits tumor-associated macrophages. Although in vivo OV delivery seems complicated and challenging, recent results are encouraging for decreasing the limitations of systemically administered oncolytic viruses and an improved efficiency of oncolytic viral therapy in targeting cancerous tissues in vitro. Here, we review the latest developments of carrier cell-based oncolytic virus delivery using tumor-infiltrating immune cells with a focus on the main features of each cellular vehicle.
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18
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Osei-Bordom D, Bozward AG, Oo YH. The hepatic microenvironment and regulatory T cells. Cell Immunol 2020; 357:104195. [PMID: 32861844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human liver is regarded as a lymphoid organ that contributes to both local and systemic immune response. Intrahepatic immune cells including regulatory T cells (Tregs) reside in the hepatic microenvironment which is enriched with proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and metabolites. In addition, the hepatic microenvironment has the unique ability to establish and maintain immune tolerance despite the continuous influx of the gut derived microbial products via the portal vein. Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in maintaining the hepatic tolerogenic state; however, the phenotypic stability, function and survival of Tregs in the inflamed liver microenvironment is still poorly understood. Despite this, Tregs immunotherapy remains as an appealing therapeutic option in autoimmune and immune mediated liver diseases. In order to advance cell therapy, it is important for us to further our understanding of the hepatic microenvironment, with the aim of developing ways to modify the hostile, inflamed environment to one which is more favourable. By doing so, T cell stability and function would be enhanced, resulting in improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Osei-Bordom
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR BRC, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; European Reference Network Centre: Rare Liver, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Amber G Bozward
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR BRC, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; European Reference Network Centre: Rare Liver, United Kingdom
| | - Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR BRC, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; European Reference Network Centre: Rare Liver, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
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Trakkides TO, Schäfer N, Reichenthaler M, Kühn K, Brandwijk RJMGE, Toonen EJM, Urban F, Wegener J, Enzmann V, Pauly D. Oxidative Stress Increases Endogenous Complement-Dependent Inflammatory and Angiogenic Responses in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Independently of Exogenous Complement Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110548. [PMID: 31766295 PMCID: PMC6928869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and chronic inflammation have been suggested as major contributors to a range of retinal diseases. Here, we examined the effects of oxidative stress on endogenous complement components and proinflammatory and angiogenic responses in RPE cells. ARPE-19 cells exposed for 1–48 h to H2O2 had reduced cell–cell contact and increased markers for epithelial–mesenchymal transition but showed insignificant cell death. Stressed ARPE-19 cells increased the expression of complement receptors CR3 (subunit CD11b) and C5aR1. CD11b was colocalized with cell-derived complement protein C3, which was present in its activated form in ARPE-19 cells. C3, as well as its regulators complement factor H (CFH) and properdin, accumulated in the ARPE-19 cells after oxidative stress independently of external complement sources. This cell-associated complement accumulation was accompanied by increased nlrp3 and foxp3 expression and the subsequently enhanced secretion of proinflammatory and proangiogenic factors. The complement-associated ARPE-19 reaction to oxidative stress, which was independent of exogenous complement sources, was further augmented by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib. Our results indicate that ARPE-19 cell-derived complement proteins and receptors are involved in ARPE-19 cell homeostasis following oxidative stress and should be considered as targets for treatment development for retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon-Orest Trakkides
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Nicole Schäfer
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Maria Reichenthaler
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Konstanze Kühn
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | | | - Erik J. M. Toonen
- R&D Department, Hycult Biotech, 5405 PD Uden, The Netherlands; (R.J.M.G.E.B.); (E.J.M.T.)
| | - Florian Urban
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (F.U.); (J.W.)
| | - Joachim Wegener
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (F.U.); (J.W.)
| | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Diana Pauly
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-9228
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20
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Lin C, He H, Liu H, Li R, Chen Y, Qi Y, Jiang Q, Chen L, Zhang P, Zhang H, Li H, Zhang W, Sun Y, Xu J. Tumour-associated macrophages-derived CXCL8 determines immune evasion through autonomous PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer. Gut 2019; 68:1764-1773. [PMID: 30661053 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous studies have identified CXCL8 as the crucial chemokine responsible for gastric cancer metastasis mediated by loss of RACK1. However, the regulatory effect of CXCL8 on immune surveillance in gastric cancer remains obscure. DESIGN Flow cytometry analyses were performed to examine major source of CXCL8 and phenotypes of immune cells in fresh tumour tissues from 76 patients with gastric cancer. Real-time PCR was performed to analyse CXCL8 mRNA level in gastric cancer tissues. For immunohistochemical analyses, a total of 420 patients with gastric cancer undergoing curative resection were enrolled. In vitro culture of fresh tumour tissue was performed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of blocking CXCL8 pathway in gastric cancer. RESULTS Increased level of CXCL8 indicates poor clinical outcome and tumour progression in patients with gastric cancer. In gastric cancer tissues, CXCL8 is predominantly secreted by macrophages and colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF-2) facilitates macrophage-derived CXCL8 secretion. High level of CXCL8 is associated with decreased CD8+ T cells infiltration and Ki67+ CD8+ T cells proportion. Moreover, CXCL8 also inhibits CD8+ T cells function by inducing the expression of PD-L1 on macrophages. Finally, we show that a small-molecule CXCR2 inhibitor, reparixin, drives the decreased programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1+) macrophages and promotes antitumour immunity. Accordingly, high levels of CXCL8+ macrophages are positively correlated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS CXCL8 is predominantly secreted by macrophages and contributes to the immunosuppressive microenvironment by inducing PD-L1+ macrophages in gastric cancer. CXCL8 inhibitors may drive antitumour response, providing potential therapeutic effects for patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyong He
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruochen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Qi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Li C, Zhao L, Wang Q, Ma S, Sun J, Ma C, Liu J, Jing X, Ai D, Nan Z, Qu X. Neutrophils infiltration and its correlation with human papillomavirus status in the oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5171-5185. [PMID: 31239772 PMCID: PMC6557188 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s202465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: One of the cardinal etiological factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is Human papillomavirus (HPV). Neutrophils were potential targets of immune therapy for patients with OSCC. The objective of this study was to determine if neutrophils density and HPV status can be used to define a high-risk category of patients in OSCC and to investigate the possible relationship between them. Patients and methods: We performed immunohistochemistry to probe neutrophils infiltration and HPV (P16) expression in 81 patients with OSCC. Prognostic factors for cancer-related survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. We used the detection of cytokines to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms between neutrophils infiltration and HPV status. Results: There were significantly higher numbers of CD15+ neutrophils infiltration in OSCC tissues. Higher numbers of CD15+ neutrophils infiltration was related to stage Ⅲ,Ⅳ (p<0.001), poor grade (p<0.001), lymph node metastasis (p=0.014), and the higher preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p<0.001). HPV-negative status was also associated with stage Ⅲ,Ⅳ (p=0.001), poor grade (p=0.002), lymph node metastasis (p=0.005), radiotherapy (p=0.038), and the higher NLR (p=0.002). The high density of neutrophils was associated with worse cancer-related survival time (p<0.001) and was an independent prognostic factor for OSCC, while the HPV-positive group was associated with better cancer-related survival time. Moreover, high density of neutrophils was correlated with HPV-negative status in OSCC (p<0.001). Detection of cytokines and chemokines revealed that one of the chemotactic factors of neutrophils, IL-8, was exhibited relatively low expression by HPV-positive OSCC cells, whereas HPV-negative OSCC cells were found to drive an IL-8 secretion profile. Conclusion: Neutrophils infiltration and HPV status appear to be prognostic parameters for OSCC. Overexpression of HPV18 E7 on OSCC cells may participate in depressing neutrophils infiltration to some extent through downregulating expression of IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintang Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanxuan Jing
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Ai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaodi Nan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Qu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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22
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Okeke EB, Uzonna JE. The Pivotal Role of Regulatory T Cells in the Regulation of Innate Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:680. [PMID: 31024539 PMCID: PMC6465517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinction between innate and adaptive immunity is one of the basic tenets of immunology. The co-operation between these two arms of the immune system is a major determinant of the resistance or susceptibility of the host following pathogen invasion. Hence, this interactive co-operation between cells of the innate and adaptive immunity is of significant interest to immunologists. The sub-population of CD4+ T cells with regulatory phenotype (regulatory T cells; Tregs), which constitute a part of the adaptive immune system, have been widely implicated in the regulation of the immune system and maintenance of immune homeostasis. In the last two decades, there has been an explosion in research describing the role of Tregs and their relevance in several immunopathologies ranging from inflammation to cancer. The majority of these studies focus on the role of Tregs on the cells of the adaptive immune system. Recently, there is significant interest in the role of Tregs on cells of the innate immune system. In this review, we examine the literature on the role of Tregs in immunology. Specifically, we focus on the emerging knowledge of Treg interaction with dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and γδ T cells. We highlight this interaction as an important link between innate and adaptive immune systems which also indicate the far-reaching role of Tregs in the regulation of immune responses and maintenance of self-tolerance and immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka B Okeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The application of regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy in organ transplantation is actively being pursued using unmodified, typically polyclonal cells. As the results of these ongoing clinical trials emerge, it is time to plan the next wave of clinical trials of Tregs. Here we will review a key strategy to improve Treg effectiveness and reduce side effects, namely increasing Treg specificity - both in terms of antigen recognition and localization to the allograft. RECENT FINDINGS Study of chemokine signatures accompanying acute rejection has revealed several chemokines that could be targeted to increase Treg homing. For example, Tregs possessing a Th1-like phenotype and expressing CXCR3 are better able to migrate towards local inflammation. Allografts themselves can be modified to increase Treg-attracting chemokines and Tregs themselves can produce chemokines, facilitating local proximity to their targets of suppression. Finally, tailoring Treg antigen specificity by T-cell or chimeric antigen receptor engineering is another approach to increase the specificity of suppression and optimize localization. SUMMARY Treg localization to the graft is important, but the important role of lymph node and germinal center homing cannot be overlooked. There is an opportunity to learn from advances made in cancer immunotherapy to optimize Treg therapy for transplantation.
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24
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Szewczyk G, Maciejewski TM, Szukiewicz D. Current progress in the inflammatory background of angiogenesis in gynecological cancers. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:247-260. [PMID: 30680411 PMCID: PMC6420455 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A tumor growth depends on the potency of the tumor to support itself with nutrients and oxygen. The development of a vascular network within the tumor is key to its survival. The permanent contest between the tumor and its host involves tumor cells on one side and an immunological system and tissue stroma on the other. The angiogenesis is not only a specialty of the tumor, but it also depends on this complex multidirectional interaction. The most common gynecological cancers, cervical, endometrial and ovarian carcinoma are good examples for studying this problem. In this review, we aim to show that an inflammatory response against a tumor can be reverted into an undesirable process leading to the development of a vascular network within the tumor and, subsequently, further growth of the tumor and progression of a disease. Therefore, a key for tumor management should be searched within the immunological system, rather than focused on cell cycle and anti-angiogenic treatment only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz M Maciejewski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Mother and Child, ul. Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Wang N, Wang Q, Chi J, Xiang F, Lin M, Wang W, Wei F, Feng Y. Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 inhibits the antitumor effect of neutrophils in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:519-529. [PMID: 30565803 PMCID: PMC6361565 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), a transmembrane glycoprotein, has multiple functions. In tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), CEACAM1 overexpression is correlated with neutrophil infiltration, and both are associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, the mechanism underlying CEACAM1's effect on neutrophil function in TSCC remains unclear. We cocultured tongue carcinoma cells overexpressing CEACAM1‐4L, CEACAM1‐4S and differentiated HL‐60 cells. This significantly upregulated the expression of MMP‐9, interleukin 8, and VEGF‐A in the differentiated HL‐60 cells and downregulated the expression of TNF‐α, relative to vector and blank control groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, CEACAM1 overexpression in tongue carcinoma cells weakened the cytotoxicity of differentiated HL‐60 cells in the coculture system (P < 0.05). Thus, CEACAM1 expression in TSCC may induce an antitumor to protumor transformation of neutrophils. We performed qRT‐PCR and ELISA to evaluate the underlying mechanism, and found that CEACAM1 expression in tongue carcinoma cells upregulated transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) expression, while blocking of TGF‐β1 inhibited the neutrophils’ changes in the coculture system. Immunohistochemical analysis of clinical specimens revealed strong expression of TGF‐β1 protein in TSCC. TGF‐β1 expression was positively correlated with CEACAM1 expression, lymph node metastasis, and tumor recurrence. Double immunofluorescence results revealed colocalization of CEACAM1 and TGF‐β1 protein in TSCC. A xenograft nude mouse model revealed that CEACAM1 overexpression in TSCC promoted tumor formation and growth, and was associated with more neutrophils infiltration. Our results indicate that CEACAM1 overexpression in TSCC may induce transformation of neutrophils from antitumor to protumor type via TGF‐β1, which may further promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinghua Chi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenggang Xiang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenhong Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengcai Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanyong Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology and Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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26
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Shaul ME, Fridlender ZG. Cancer-related circulating and tumor-associated neutrophils - subtypes, sources and function. FEBS J 2018; 285:4316-4342. [PMID: 29851227 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the role of neutrophils in cancer biology has been a matter of increasing interest. Many patients with advanced cancer show high levels of neutrophilia, tumor neutrophils are connected to dismal prognosis, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has been introduced as a significant prognostic factor for survival in many types of cancer. Neutrophils constitute an important portion of the infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, but controversy has long surrounded the function of these cells in the context of cancer. Multiple evidences have shown that neutrophils recruited to the tumor can acquire either protumor or antitumor function. These findings have led to the identification of multiple and heterogeneous neutrophil subsets in the tumor and circulation. In addition, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) were shown to demonstrate functional plasticity, driven by multiple factors present in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we examine the current knowledge on cancer-related circulating neutrophils, their source and the function of the different subtypes, both mature and immature. We then discuss the pro vs antitumor nature of TANs in cancer, their functional plasticity and the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil recruitment and polarization. Although the vast majority of the knowledge on neutrophils in cancer comes from murine studies, recent work has been done on human cancer-related neutrophils. In the final paragraphs, we expand on the current knowledge regarding the role of neutrophils in human cancer and examine the question whether cancer-related neutrophils (circulating or intratumoral) could be a new possible target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav E Shaul
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi G Fridlender
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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27
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Boivin R, Vargas A, Cano P, Lavoie JP. Glucocorticosteroids administration is associated with increased regulatory T cells in equine asthmatic lungs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 201:67-71. [PMID: 29914685 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent inflammation in severe equine asthma causes a remodeling of the airways leading to incompletely reversible airway obstruction. Despite the improvement of clinical signs and lung function with glucocorticoids (GC), inflammation, translated by an increased percentage of neutrophils, persists in the airways. Regulatory T cells (Treg) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and play an important role in balancing the immune response by suppressing effector lymphocyte activity. However, interactions between Treg, neutrophils and glucocorticosteroids in vivo are unclear, particularly in asthma. Furthermore, the effects of GC on Treg in the airway of asthmatic horses have not been investigated. We hypothesized that horses with severe asthma display a decreased population of pulmonary Treg when compared to heathy controls, and that treatment with GC lead to an increased pulmonary Treg cell population only in affected horses. Using lung function measurements and flow cytometry with surface antigens CD4 and FoxP3, we investigated Treg in airway luminal cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 6 asthmatic horses in exacerbation of the disease and 6 aged-match controls, kept in the same environment, before and following a 2-week treatment with dexamethasone. Results showed that the number of Treg increases only in the lungs of asthmatic horses following GC therapy, despite continued presence of increased numbers of neutrophils. Our results support the complexity of the interaction between Treg, neutrophils and GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Boivin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200, rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada.
| | - Amandine Vargas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200, rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada.
| | - Patricia Cano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200, rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada.
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200, rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada.
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28
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Gorman S, Geldenhuys S, Weeden CE, Grimbaldeston MA, Hart PH. Investigating the roles of regulatory T cells, mast cells and interleukin-9 in the control of skin inflammation by vitamin D. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:221-230. [PMID: 29392411 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Topical application of biologically active vitamin D [1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D)], or low-calcemic analogues, curb skin inflammation through mechanisms that involve migratory dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T (TReg) cells. 1,25(OH)2D also promotes immunoregulation by mast cells, and inhibits the development of T helper type-9 (Th9) cells that secrete interleukin-9 (IL-9). Here, we investigated the ability of topical 1,25(OH)2D to suppress contact dermatitis through an IL-9-dependent process, examining mast cells and IL-9-secreting T cells. Contact dermatitis was modelled in adult BALB/c female mice by initiating a "biphasic ear swelling response" following a single application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Topical 1,25(OH)2D (125 ng) applied to ear pinnae prior to (but not after) DNFB sensitisation suppressed the efferent phase of the ear swelling response. This dose of 1,25(OH)2D did not cause hypercalcemia. At the peak of the efferent ear swelling response, proportions of TReg (CD3 + Foxp3+) cells and numbers of mast cells were increased in ear skin of 1,25(OH)2D-treated mice. Topical 1,25(OH)2D increased the proportion of Foxp3 + IL-9 + TReg cells and the capacity of TReg cells to secrete IL-9 ex vivo. However, the proportion of the IL-9 + cells of the total TReg cell population was small (< 1%), and the amount of IL-9 secreted by TReg cells from mice treated with IL-9 was low (< 50 pg/ml). Furthermore, injection of anti-IL-9 neutralising antibody (100 µg, intraperitoneally) prior to sensitisation did not significantly reverse the suppressive effects of 1,25(OH)2D. In conclusion, topically applied 1,25(OH)2D suppressed the efferent phase of a biphasic cutaneous ear swelling response through mechanism(s) that may be dependent on mast cells and TReg cells; however, the role of IL-9 in mediating these responses is uncertain. More studies are needed to further characterise the mechanisms by which topical 1,25(OH)2D modulates cell-mediated immune responses central to its suppressive effects upon contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, Perth, WA, 6008, Australia.
| | - Sian Geldenhuys
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, Perth, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Clare E Weeden
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, Perth, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Michele A Grimbaldeston
- OMNI-Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA.,Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, Perth, WA, 6008, Australia
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29
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adipose tissue (AT) houses both innate and adaptive immune systems that are crucial for preserving AT function and metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent information regarding progression of obesity-associated AT inflammation and insulin resistance. We additionally consider alterations in AT distribution and the immune system in males vs. females and among different racial populations. RECENT FINDINGS Innate and adaptive immune cell-derived inflammation drives insulin resistance both locally and systemically. However, new evidence also suggests that the immune system is equally vital for adipocyte differentiation and protection from ectopic lipid deposition. Furthermore, roles of anti-inflammatory immune cells such as regulatory T cells, "M2-like" macrophages, eosinophils, and mast cells are being explored, primarily due to promise of immunotherapeutic applications. Both immune responses and AT distribution are strongly influenced by factors like sex and race, which have been largely underappreciated in the field of metabolically-associated inflammation, or meta-flammation. More studies are required to recognize factors that switch inflammation from controlled to uncontrolled in obesity-associated pathogenesis and to integrate the combined effects of meta-flammation and immunometabolism. It is critical to recognize that the AT-associated immune system can be alternately beneficial and destructive; therefore, simply blocking immune responses early in obesity may not be the best clinical approach. The dearth of information on gender and race-associated disparities in metabolism, AT distribution, and the immune system suggest that a greater understanding of such differences will be critical to develop personalized treatments for obesity and the associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Agrawal
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street L-516, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street L-516, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Okeke EB, Mou Z, Onyilagha N, Jia P, Gounni AS, Uzonna JE. Deficiency of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase δ Signaling Leads to Diminished Numbers of Regulatory T Cells and Increased Neutrophil Activity Resulting in Mortality Due to Endotoxic Shock. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1086-1095. [PMID: 28659355 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of clinical and biomedical research, the pathogenesis of sepsis and its spectrum of diseases (severe sepsis and septic shock), which are leading causes of death in intensive care units, are still poorly understood. In this article, we show that signaling via the p110δ isoform of PI3K is critical for survival in experimental sepsis. Mice with an inactive knock-in mutation in the p110δ gene (p110δD910A) succumbed acutely to nonlethal dose LPS challenge. The susceptibility of p110δD910A mice to LPS was associated with increased neutrophil numbers and activities in the tissues, due in part to delayed apoptosis resulting mostly from inherent reduced regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers. Adoptive transfer of wild-type or p110δD910A Tregs abrogated exaggerated neutrophil activity, increased neutrophil apoptosis, and rescued p110δD910A mice from mortality after LPS challenge. We confirmed the clinical relevance of these findings by showing that human Tregs also regulate neutrophil function and survival. Collectively, our results show that PI3K δ is essential for survival during sepsis. In addition, our data highlight the importance of Tregs in regulating the pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock via their effects on neutrophil survival and function, and provide evidence of regulation of innate immunity by cells of the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka B Okeke
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Nonso Onyilagha
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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31
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Meniailo ME, Malashchenko VV, Shmarov VA, Gazatova ND, Melashchenko OB, Goncharov AG, Seledtsova GV, Seledtsov VI. Direct effects of interleukin-8 on growth and functional activity of T lymphocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:178-185. [PMID: 28667886 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CD3+ T-lymphocytes were isolated from the normal donors by positive magnetic separation. Activation of the T cells with particles conjugated with antibodies to CD3, СD28 and СD2 molecules led to a marked increase in T-cell production of interleukine-8 (IL-8). We present evidence that IL-8 receptor α-chain (CXCR1, CD181) is expressed on the cell surface of 13.3% T cells. Activation of T-lymphocytes resulted in significant enhancement of CD181+ cells both in naive CD4+ T cell and terminally differentiated effector CD4+ T cell compartments with concomitant reduction of CD181+ cells in effector memory CD4+ T cell subset. The level of T cell activation was assessed judging from the surface expression of CD25 (IL-2 receptor α-chain). We demonstrate that IL-8 treatment (0.01-10.0ng/ml concentration range) reduced the activation status of both CD4- and CD4+ effector memory T cells, as well as terminally differentiated effector T cells, without significantly affecting the activation of naive T cells or central memory T cells. In addition, IL-8 up-regulated IL-2 and down-regulated IL-10 production by activated T cells, with no effect on interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-4 production. Data obtained suggests the importance of IL-8 in the direct regulation of adaptive T cell reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Evgenievich Meniailo
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 A.Nevskogo St., Kaliningrad 236016, Russia; Russian Research Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Balneotherapy, 32 Novy Arbat St., Moscow 121099, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Galina Victorovna Seledtsova
- Scientific Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch, Academy of Medical Sciences of Russia, 14 Yadrintsevskaya St., Novosibirsk 630099, Russia.
| | - Victor Ivanovich Seledtsov
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 A.Nevskogo St., Kaliningrad 236016, Russia; Russian Research Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Balneotherapy, 32 Novy Arbat St., Moscow 121099, Russia.
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32
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Yang F, Feng C, Zhang X, Lu J, Zhao Y. The Diverse Biological Functions of Neutrophils, Beyond the Defense Against Infections. Inflammation 2017; 40:311-323. [PMID: 27817110 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are among the first defense against infection and closely involved in the initiation of inflammatory response. It is well recognized that this function of neutrophils was mainly mediated by phagocytosis, intracellular degradation, releasing of granules, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps after sensing dangerous stress. However, accumulating data showed that neutrophils had a variety of important biological functions in both innate and adaptive immunities, far beyond cytotoxicity against pathogens. Neutrophils can differentially switch phenotypes and display distinct subpopulations under different microenvironments. Neutrophils can produce a large variety of cytokines and chemokines upon stimulation. Furthermore, neutrophils directly interact with dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells so as to either potentiate or down-modulate both innate and adaptive immunity. In the present review, we summarize the recent progress on the functional plasticity and the regulatory ability on immunity of neutrophils in physiological and pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chang Feng
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Kryczek I, Wang L, Wu K, Li W, Zhao E, Cui T, Wei S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Vatan L, Szeliga W, Greenson JK, Roliński J, Zgodzinski W, Huang E, Tao K, Wang G, Zou W. Inflammatory regulatory T cells in the microenvironments of ulcerative colitis and colon carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1105430. [PMID: 27622054 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells are thought to express negligible levels of effector cytokines, and inhibit immune responses and inflammation. Here, we have identified a population of IL-8(+)Foxp3(+)CD4(+) T cells in human peripheral blood, which is selectively increased in the microenvironments of ulcerative colitis and colon carcinoma. Phenotypically, this population is minimally overlapping with IL-17(+)Foxp3(+)CD4(+) T cells, and is different from IL-8(-)Foxp3(+)CD4(+) T cells in the same microenvironment. 40-60% of IL-8(+)Foxp3(+)CD4(+) T cells exhibit naive phenotype and express CD127, whereas IL-8(-)Foxp3(+)CD4(+) cells are basically memory T cells and express minimal CD127. The levels of CXCR5 expression are higher in IL-8(+)Foxp3(+) cells than in IL-8(-)Foxp3(+) cells. IL-2 and TGFβ induce IL-8(+)Foxp3(+) T cells. Exogenous Foxp3 expression promotes IL-8(+)Foxp3(+) T cells and inhibits effector cytokine IFNγ and IL-2 expression. Furthermore, Foxp3 binds to IL-8 proximal promoter and increases its activity. Functionally, IL-8(+)Foxp3(+) T cells inhibit T cell proliferation and effector cytokine production, but stimulate inflammatory cytokine production in the colon tissues, and promote neutrophil trafficking through IL-8. Thus, IL-8(+)Foxp3(+) cells may be an "inflammatory" Treg subset, and possess inflammatory and immunosuppressive dual biological activities. Given their dual roles and localization, these cells may be in a unique position to support tumor initiation and development in human chronic inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kryczek
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory and Surgery, and Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine , Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Departments of Clinical Laboratory and Surgery, and Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Departments of Clinical Laboratory and Surgery, and Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ende Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Departments of Clinical Laboratory and Surgery, and Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Tracy Cui
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linda Vatan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wojciech Szeliga
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joel K Greenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; 2nd Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Witold Zgodzinski
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Emina Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory and Surgery, and Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine , Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory and Surgery, and Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine , Wuhan, China
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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34
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Rueda CM, Presicce P, Jackson CM, Miller LA, Kallapur SG, Jobe AH, Chougnet CA. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Chorioamnionitis Promotes IL-1-Dependent Inflammatory FOXP3+ CD4+ T Cells in the Fetal Rhesus Macaque. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3706-15. [PMID: 27036917 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis is associated with preterm labor and fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS), causing fetal organ injury and morbidity, particularly in extremely premature infants. However, the effects of inflammation on the fetal immune system remain poorly understood, due to the difficulty of studying immune development in infants. Therefore, we used the model of intra-amniotic LPS administered at ∼80% gestation in rhesus monkeys to cause chorioamnionitis and FIRS that is similar in human pathology. Importantly, the frequency of IL-17(+) and IL-22(+) CD4(+) T cells increased in the spleen of LPS-exposed fetuses, whereas regulatory T cell (Treg) frequency decreased. These changes persisted for at least 48 h. Notably, Th17 cytokines were predominantly expressed by FOXP3(+)CD4(+) T cells and not by their FOXP3(-) counterparts. Bifunctional IL-17(+)FOXP3(+) exhibited a phenotype of inflammatory Tregs (RORc(High/+), Helios(Low/-), IL-2(+), IFN-γ(+), and IL-8(+)) compared with typical FOXP3(+) cells. Diminished splenic Treg frequency in LPS-exposed fetuses was associated with inadequate Treg generation in the thymus. Mechanistically, the emergence of inflammatory Tregs was largely dependent on IL-1 signaling. However, blockage of IL-1R signaling did not abolish the deleterious effects of LPS on Treg frequency in the thymus or spleen. Collectively, we demonstrate that a prenatal inflammatory environment leads to inadequate Treg generation in the thymus with a switch of splenic Tregs toward an inflammatory phenotype. Both processes likely contribute to the pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis. Approaches to manipulate Treg numbers and function could thus be useful therapeutically to alleviate FIRS in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar M Rueda
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Pietro Presicce
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Courtney M Jackson
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Lisa A Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
| | - Suhas G Kallapur
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Alan H Jobe
- Division of Perinatal Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Claire A Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229;
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35
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Abstract
T regulatory cells (Treg) constitute a specialized subset of T cells that play a pivotal role in preventing the occurrence of autoimmune diseases by suppressing deleterious activities of immune cells. Contrarily, they can have adverse effect on immune response against infectious diseases where Treg weaken the host immunity leading to enhanced microbial load and thereby increase in severity of the disease. Here, we have attempted to review plethora of information documenting prevalence of Treg in tuberculosis (TB) and their involvement in progression and immunopathogenesis of the disease. Further, we have laid emphasis on the possible use of Treg as a biomarker for determining the TB treatment efficacy. Also, we have discussed the probable contribution of Treg in dampening the efficacy of BCG, the anti-TB vaccine. Finally, we have speculated some of the possible strategies which might be explored by exploiting Treg for enhancing the efficacy of TB management.
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36
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Induction of human IL-10-producing neutrophils by LPS-stimulated Treg cells and IL-10. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:364-78. [PMID: 26220165 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has revealed an unsuspected suppressive role played by neutrophils during microbial infections. An especially intriguing aspect of this role is the ability of neutrophils to produce interleukin (IL)-10 following interaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated regulatory T (Treg) cells. The present study demonstrates that generation of IL-10 in neutrophils induced by LPS-stimulated Treg cells required direct cell-cell contact. This effect was dependent on the binding of CD11b and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Neither stimulation of neutrophils with LPS nor their culture with unstimulated Treg cells, CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies-stimulated Treg cells, or T conventional cells affected intracellular IL-10 expression. IL-10-positive neutrophils were also induced by exogenous IL-10, providing an example of a positive feedback loop. Both LPS-stimulated Treg cells and exogenous IL-10 exclusively promoted posttranslational modifications of histones, H3K4me3 and H3Ac Lys4, that activate IL-10 genomic locus in neutrophils, while the promoter of IL-10 gene was inactive in resting, LPS-stimulated neutrophils, following blocking of direct interaction with LPS-stimulated Treg cells or in LPS-preactivated neutrophils incubated with LPS-stimulated Treg cells. We additionally confirmed the presence of IL-10-producing neutrophils in vivo in patients with periodontal abscess induced by Gram-negative bacteria, as opposed to neutrophils isolated from the site of aseptic inflammation in patients with neuromyelitis optica.
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37
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Patterson SJ, Pesenacker AM, Wang AY, Gillies J, Mojibian M, Morishita K, Tan R, Kieffer TJ, Verchere CB, Panagiotopoulos C, Levings MK. T regulatory cell chemokine production mediates pathogenic T cell attraction and suppression. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1039-51. [PMID: 26854929 DOI: 10.1172/jci83987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
T regulatory cells (Tregs) control immune homeostasis by preventing inappropriate responses to self and nonharmful foreign antigens. Tregs use multiple mechanisms to control immune responses, all of which require these cells to be near their targets of suppression; however, it is not known how Treg-to-target proximity is controlled. Here, we found that Tregs attract CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by producing chemokines. Specifically, Tregs produced both CCL3 and CCL4 in response to stimulation, and production of these chemokines was critical for migration of target T cells, as Tregs from Ccl3-/- mice, which are also deficient for CCL4 production, did not promote migration. Moreover, CCR5 expression by target T cells was required for migration of these cells to supernatants conditioned by Tregs. Tregs deficient for expression of CCL3 and CCL4 were impaired in their ability to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis or islet allograft rejection in murine models. Moreover, Tregs from subjects with established type 1 diabetes were impaired in their ability to produce CCL3 and CCL4. Together, these results demonstrate a previously unappreciated facet of Treg function and suggest that chemokine secretion by Tregs is a fundamental aspect of their therapeutic effect in autoimmunity and transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL3/biosynthesis
- Chemokine CCL3/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL4/biosynthesis
- Chemokine CCL4/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, CCR5/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
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38
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Neutrophils in Cancer: Two Sides of the Same Coin. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:983698. [PMID: 26819959 PMCID: PMC4706937 DOI: 10.1155/2015/983698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in blood and are considered to be the first line of defense during inflammation and infections. In addition, neutrophils are also found infiltrating many types of tumors. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have relevant roles in malignant disease. Indeed neutrophils may be potent antitumor effector cells. However, increasing clinical evidence shows TANs correlate with poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment controls neutrophil recruitment and in turn TANs help tumor progression. Hence, TANs can be beneficial or detrimental to the host. It is the purpose of this review to highlight these two sides of the neutrophil coin in cancer and to describe recent studies that provide some light on the mechanisms for neutrophil recruitment to the tumor, for neutrophils supporting tumor progression, and for neutrophil activation to enhance their antitumor functions.
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39
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Taylor GH, Williams AA, Garzino-Demo A. Highly active antiretroviral therapy reduces pulmonary IL-8 in HIV-positive women smokers. Pathog Dis 2015; 74:ftv115. [PMID: 26656889 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 are detected in the sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and during the pathological pulmonary manifestations of HIV infection : To explore a potential interrelationship between smoking, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV immune status, we collected sputum samples, along with complete pulmonary function tests from groups of HIV-infected women smokers who were either on or off HAART. Analysis of the patient's sputum for cell count along with quantitative measures of IL-8 was performed and correlated with concurrent assessment of pulmonary function test (PFT). We found that HIV-positive smokers had decreased measurements on PFT of the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D(LCO)) compared to standard reference values that did not differ with HAART usage. HAART, when controlled for CD4, showed a suppressive effect on the levels of pro inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in sputum. We conclude that in the era of HAART, HIV along with concurrent tobacco smoking is associated with declines in PFT in HIV-infected women. The use of HAART in patients appears to mitigate the increases in IL-8 levels in relation to immune status based on CD4 count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory H Taylor
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Adrienne A Williams
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alfredo Garzino-Demo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
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40
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Salimi M, Xue L, Jolin H, Hardman C, Cousins DJ, McKenzie ANJ, Ogg GS. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Express Functional NKp30 Receptor Inducing Type 2 Cytokine Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:45-54. [PMID: 26582946 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are important in effector functions for eliciting allergic inflammation, parasite defense, epithelial repair, and lipid homeostasis. ILC2 lack rearranged Ag-specific receptors, and although many soluble factors such as cytokines and lipid mediators can influence ILC2, direct interaction of these cells with the microenvironment and other cells has been less explored. Natural cytotoxicity receptors are expressed by subsets of group 1 ILC and group 3 ILC and thought to be important for their effector function, but they have not been shown to be expressed by ILC2. Therefore, we sought to investigate the expression and functional properties of the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp30 on human ILC2. A subset of ex vivo and cultured ILC2 express NKp30 that upon interaction with its cognate activatory ligand B7-H6 induces rapid production of type 2 cytokines. This interaction can be blocked by NKp30 blocking Ab and an inhibitory ligand, galectin-3. Higher expression of B7-H6 was observed in lesional skin biopsies of patients with atopic dermatitis, and incubation of keratinocytes with proinflammatory and type 2 cytokines upregulated B7-H6, leading to increased ILC2 cytokine production. NKp30-B7-H6 interaction is a novel cell contact mechanism that mediates activation of ILC2 and identifies a potential target for the development of novel therapeutics for atopic dermatitis and other atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salimi
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Luzheng Xue
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Jolin
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Hardman
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - David J Cousins
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom; and Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom;
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41
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Wu Y, Yang L, Zhao J, Li C, Nie J, Liu F, Zhuo C, Zheng Y, Li B, Wang Z, Xu Y. Nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:191. [PMID: 26552600 PMCID: PMC4640217 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High expression of the long non-coding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in whole blood has been reported in colorectal cancer patients; however, its' clinical significance and origin are unclear. We evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value, and origin of whole blood NEAT1 in colorectal cancer. METHODS Expression of NEAT1 variants, NEAT1_v1 and NEAT1_v2 were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. The diagnostic value of whole blood NEAT1 expression was evaluated in test (n = 60) and validation (n = 200) cohorts of colorectal cancer patients and normal controls (NCs). To identify the origin of NEAT1, its expression was analyzed in blood, matched primary tumor tissues, para-tumor tissues, metastatic tissues, and also immune cells from patients or NCs. Function of NEAT1 in colorectal cell lines was also assessed. The correlation of NEAT1 expression with clinical outcomes was assessed in 191 patients. RESULTS Whole blood NEAT1 expression was significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients than in NCs. NEAT1_v1 and NEAT1_v2 expression were highly accurate in distinguishing colorectal cancer patients from NCs (area under the curve: 0.787 and 0.871, respectively). Knockdown of NEAT1_v1 in vitro could inhibit cell invasion and proliferation, while knockdown of NEAT1_v2 promoted cell growth. However, whole blood expression was not correlated with matched tissues. An elevated expression was seen in neutrophils from CRC patients. Furthermore, high expression of NEAT1_v1 was correlated with worse overall survival. In contrast, high expression of NEAT1_v2 alone was correlated with better overall survival. CONCLUSION Whole blood NEAT1 expression is a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of overall survival in colorectal cancer. Elevated NEAT1 may derive from neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai, 20032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai, 20032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai, 20032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai, 20032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yue-yang Road, Shanghai, 20031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangqi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai, 20032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changhua Zhuo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 420 Fu-ma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaxin Zheng
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 225 Chang-hai Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yue-yang Road, Shanghai, 20031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute (SITI), No. 250 Bi-bo Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai, 20032, People's Republic of China.
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The role of chemokines in adjusting the balance between CD4+ effector T cell subsets and FOXp3-negative regulatory T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:829-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kornete M, Mason ES, Girouard J, Lafferty EI, Qureshi S, Piccirillo CA. Th1-Like ICOS+ Foxp3+ Treg Cells Preferentially Express CXCR3 and Home to β-Islets during Pre-Diabetes in BDC2.5 NOD Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126311. [PMID: 25946021 PMCID: PMC4422433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) occurs through a breakdown of self-tolerance resulting in the autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing β-islets of the pancreas. A numerical and functional waning of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, prompted by a pancreatic IL-2 deficiency, accompanies Th1 autoimmunity and T1D progression in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Recently, we identified a dominant subset of intra-islet Treg cells that expresses the ICOS costimulatory receptor and promotes self-tolerance delaying the onset of T1D. ICOS co-stimulation potently enhances IL-2 induced survival and proliferation, and suppressive activity of Treg cells in situ. Here, we propose an ICOS-dependent mechanism of Treg cell homing to the β-islets during pre-diabetes in the NOD model via upregulation of the CXCR3 chemokine receptor. The islet-specific ICOS+ Treg cell subset preferentially expresses CXCR3 in the pancreatic lymph nodes (pLN) in response to Teff cell-mediated pancreatic inflammation, an expression correlating with the onset and magnitude of IFN-γ production by Teff cells in pancreatic sites. We also reveal that intra-pancreatic APC populations and insulin-producing β, but not α nor δ, islet cells secrete the CXCR3 chemokines, CXCL9, 10 and 11, and selectively promote ICOS+CXCR3+ Treg cell chemotaxis in vitro. Strikingly, islet-derived Treg cells also produce these chemokines suggesting an auto-regulation of homing by this subset. Unlike ICOS- cells, ICOS+ Treg cells adopt a Th1-like Treg phenotype while maintaining their suppressive capacity, characterized by expression of T-bet and CXCR3 and production of IFN-γ in the draining pLNs. Finally, in vivo neutralization of IFN-γ blocked Treg cell CXCR3 upregulation evincing its role in regulating expression of this chemokine receptor by Treg cells. Thus, CXCR3-mediated trafficking of Treg cells could represent a mechanism of homeostatic immunoregulation during diabetogeneesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Kornete
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4
| | - Edward S Mason
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4
| | - Julien Girouard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4
| | - Erin I Lafferty
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salman Qureshi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4; Microbiome and Disease Tolerance Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4; FOCIS Center of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3G 1A4
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Xue L, Fergusson J, Salimi M, Panse I, Ussher JE, Hegazy AN, Vinall SL, Jackson DG, Hunter MG, Pettipher R, Ogg G, Klenerman P. Prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene E4 synergize to stimulate diverse TH2 functions and TH2 cell/neutrophil crosstalk. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:1358-66.e1-11. [PMID: 25441644 PMCID: PMC4418751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are lipid mediators derived from mast cells, which activate TH2 cells. The combination of PGD2 and cysLTs (notably cysteinyl leukotriene E4 [LTE4]) enhances TH2 cytokine production. However, the synergistic interaction of cysLTs with PGD2 in promoting TH2 cell activation is still poorly understood. The receptors for these mediators are drug targets in the treatment of allergic diseases, and hence understanding their interaction is likely to have clinical implications. OBJECTIVE We aimed to comprehensively define the roles of PGD2, LTE4, and their combination in activating human TH2 cells and how such activation might allow the TH2 cells to engage downstream effectors, such as neutrophils, which contribute to the pathology of allergic responses. METHODS The effects of PGD2, LTE4, and their combination on human TH2 cell gene expression were defined by using a microarray, and changes in specific inflammatory pathways were confirmed by means of PCR array, quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, Luminex, flow cytometry, and functional assays, including analysis of downstream neutrophil activation. Blockade of PGD2 and LTE4 was tested by using TM30089, an antagonist of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells, and montelukast, an antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1. RESULTS PGD2 and LTE4 altered the transcription of a wide range of genes and induced diverse functional responses in TH2 cells, including cell adhesion, migration, and survival and cytokine production. The combination of these lipids synergistically or additively enhanced TH2 responses and, strikingly, induced marked production of diverse nonclassical TH2 inflammatory mediators, including IL-22, IL-8, and GM-CSF, at concentrations sufficient to affect neutrophil activation. CONCLUSIONS PGD2 and LTE4 activate TH2 cells through different pathways but act synergistically to promote multiple downstream effector functions, including neutrophil migration and survival. Combined inhibition of both PGD2 and LTE4 pathways might provide an effective therapeutic strategy for allergic responses, particularly those involving interaction between TH2 cells and neutrophils, such as in patients with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzheng Xue
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Joannah Fergusson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Panse
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James E Ussher
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed N Hegazy
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shân L Vinall
- Atopix Therapeutics Limited, Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - David G Jackson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roy Pettipher
- Atopix Therapeutics Limited, Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ogg
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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45
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Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) production is a signatory T cell effector function of human newborn infants. Nat Med 2014; 20:1206-10. [PMID: 25242415 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In spite of their precipitous encounter with the environment, newborn infants cannot readily mount T helper type 1 (TH1) cell antibacterial and antiviral responses. Instead, they show skewing toward TH2 responses, which, together with immunoregulatory functions, are thought to limit the potential for inflammatory damage, while simultaneously permitting intestinal colonization by commensals. However, these collective capabilities account for relatively few T cells. Here we demonstrate that a major T cell effector function in human newborns is interleukin-8 (CXCL8) production, which has the potential to activate antimicrobial neutrophils and γδ T cells. CXCL8 production was provoked by antigen receptor engagement of T cells that are distinct from those few cells producing TH1, TH2 and TH17 cytokines, was co-stimulated by Toll-like receptor signaling, and was readily apparent in preterm babies, particularly those experiencing neonatal infections and severe pathology. By contrast, CXCL8-producing T cells were rare in adults, and no equivalent function was evident in neonatal mice. CXCL8 production counters the widely held view that T lymphocytes in very early life are intrinsically anti-inflammatory, with implications for immune monitoring, immune interventions (including vaccination) and immunopathologies. It also emphasizes qualitative distinctions between infants' and adults' immune systems.
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Wang N, Feng Y, Wang Q, Liu S, Xiang L, Sun M, Zhang X, Liu G, Qu X, Wei F. Neutrophils infiltration in the tongue squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with CEACAM1 expression on tumor cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89991. [PMID: 24587171 PMCID: PMC3937421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the clinical significance of neutrophils infiltration and carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) expression in the tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), and to probe the possible relationship between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry were used to detect neutrophils density and CEACAM1 expression in 74 cases of primary TSCC specimens and 17 cases of corresponding peritumoral tissues. The relationship of CEACAM1 expression and neutrophils density with clinicopathologic parameters and cancer-related survival of TSCC patients were evaluated. The correlation between CEACAM1 expression and neutrophils density was also evaluated. Real-time quantitative transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to explore the possible molecular mechanisms between CEACAM1 expression and neutrophils infiltration. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry evaluation revealed that there was more neutrophils infiltration in TSCC tissues than in peritumoral tissues. High neutrophil density was associated with LN metastasis (P=0.01), higher clinical stage (P=0.037) and tumor recurrence (P=0.024). CEACAM1 overexpression was also associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.000) and higher clinical stage (P=0.001). Survival analysis revealed that both neutrophils infiltration and CEACAM1 overexpression were associated with poorer cancer-related survival of TSCC patients (P<0.05), and neutrophils infiltration was an independent prognostic factor for TSCC (P<0.05). Furthermore, overexpression of CEACAM1 was correlated with more neutrophils infiltration in TSCC tissues (P<0.01). qRT-PCR results showed that CEACAM1-4L can upregulate the mRNA expression of IL-8 and CXCL-6, which were strong chemotactic factors of neutrophils. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that more neutrophils infiltration and overexpression of CEACAM1 were associated with poor clinical outcomes in TSCC tissues. Overexpression of CEACAM1 on tumor cells correlated with more neutrophils infiltration to some extent through upregulating mRNA expression of IL-8 and CXCL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyong Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingxia Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guixiang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xun Qu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (XQ); (FW)
| | - Fengcai Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (XQ); (FW)
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Mishalian I, Bayuh R, Eruslanov E, Michaeli J, Levy L, Zolotarov L, Singhal S, Albelda SM, Granot Z, Fridlender ZG. Neutrophils recruit regulatory T-cells into tumors via secretion of CCL17--a new mechanism of impaired antitumor immunity. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1178-86. [PMID: 24501019 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) affect tumor growth are to a large extent unknown. Regulatory T-cells (T-regs) are functionally immune-suppressive subsets of T-cells. Depletion or inhibition of T-regs can enhance antitumor immunity. We demonstrated both by RT-PCR and by ELISA that murine TANs secrete significant amounts of the T-regs chemoattractant, CCL17, much more than circulating or splenic neutrophils, and at a level progressively increasing during tumor development. Migration assays, both in vitro and in vivo, showed recruitment of T-regs by TANs, which was inhibited with anti-CCL17 monoclonal antibodies. Systemic neutrophil depletion in tumor-bearing mice using anti-Ly6G monoclonal antibodies reduced the migration of T-regs into the tumors. We further showed, using flow cytometry, that CCL17 secretion by TANs is not limited to mouse models of cancer but is also relevant to human TANs. Our results suggest a new indirect mechanism by which TANs may inhibit antitumor immune activity, thus promoting tumor growth. We further describe, for the first time, a clear link between TANs and T-regs acting together to impair antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Mishalian
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Kalyan S, Kabelitz D. When neutrophils meet T cells: Beginnings of a tumultuous relationship with underappreciated potential. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:627-33. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Kalyan
- Institute of Immunology; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
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Xue L, Salimi M, Panse I, Mjösberg JM, McKenzie ANJ, Spits H, Klenerman P, Ogg G. Prostaglandin D2 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells through chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:1184-94. [PMID: 24388011 PMCID: PMC3979107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Activation of the group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) population leads to production of the classical type 2 cytokines, thus promoting type 2 immunity. Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2), a receptor for prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), is expressed by human ILC2s. However, the function of CRTH2 in these cells is unclear. Objectives We sought to determine the role of PGD2 and CRTH2 in human ILC2s and compare it with that of the established ILC2 activators IL-25 and IL-33. Methods The effects of PGD2, IL-25, and IL-33 on the cell migration, cytokine production, gene regulation, and receptor expression of ILC2s were measured with chemotaxis, ELISA, Luminex, flow cytometry, quantitative RT-PCR, and QuantiGene assays. The effects of PGD2 under physiologic conditions were evaluated by using the supernatant from activated mast cells. Results PGD2 binding to CRTH2 induced ILC2 migration and production of type 2 cytokines and many other cytokines. ILC2 activation through CRTH2 also upregulated the expression of IL-33 and IL-25 receptor subunits (ST2 and IL-17RA). The effects of PGD2 on ILC2s could be mimicked by the supernatant from activated human mast cells and inhibited by a CRTH2 antagonist. Conclusions PGD2 is an important and potent activator of ILC2s through CRTH2 mediating strong proallergic inflammatory responses. Through IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation, these innate cells can also contribute to adaptive type 2 immunity; thus CRTH2 bridges the innate and adaptive pathways in human ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzheng Xue
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Panse
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny M Mjösberg
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Hergen Spits
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Graham Ogg
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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50
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Langhans B, Krämer B, Louis M, Nischalke HD, Hüneburg R, Staratschek-Jox A, Odenthal M, Manekeller S, Schepke M, Kalff J, Fischer HP, Schultze JL, Spengler U. Intrahepatic IL-8 producing Foxp3⁺CD4⁺ regulatory T cells and fibrogenesis in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 2013; 59:229-35. [PMID: 23624000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Regulatory CD4(+) T cells (Tregs) are considered to affect outcomes of HCV infection, because they increase in number during chronic hepatitis C and can suppress T-cell functions. METHODS Using microarray analysis, in situ immunofluorescence, ELISA, and flowcytometry, we characterised functional differentiation and localisation of adaptive Tregs in patients with chronic hepatitis C. RESULTS We found substantial upregulation of IL-8 in Foxp3(+)CD4(+) Tregs from chronic hepatitis C. Activated GARP-positive IL-8(+) Tregs were particularly enriched in livers of patients with chronic hepatitis C in close proximity to areas of fibrosis and their numbers were correlated with the stage of fibrosis. Moreover, Tregs induced upregulation of profibrogenic markers TIMP1, MMP2, TGF-beta1, alpha-SMA, collagen, and CCL2 in primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSC). HSC activation, but not Treg suppressor function, was blocked by adding a neutralizing IL-8 antibody. CONCLUSIONS Our studies identified Foxp3(+)CD4(+) Tregs as an additional intrahepatic source of IL-8 in chronic hepatitis C acting on HSC. Thus, Foxp3(+)CD4(+) Tregs in chronic hepatitis C have acquired differentiation as regulators of fibrogenesis in addition to suppressing local immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Langhans
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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