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Zapata-Linares N, Loisay L, de Haro D, Berenbaum F, Hügle T, Geurts J, Houard X. Systemic and joint adipose tissue lipids and their role in osteoarthritis. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00225-6. [PMID: 39343353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major disease whose prevalence increases with aging, sedentary lifestyles, and obesity. The association between obesity and OA has been well documented, but the precise mechanisms underlying this heightened risk remain unclear. While obesity imposes greater forces on joints, systemic fat-derived factors such as lipids or adipokine may potentially act on the pathophysiology of OA, but the exact role of these factors in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joints remains elusive. Intra-articular adipose tissues (IAAT) have gained significant attention for actively participating in OA pathogenesis by interacting with various joint tissues. Lipid content has been proposed as a diagnostic target for early OA detection and a potential source of biomarkers. Moreover, targeting a specific IAAT called infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) and its lipids hold promise for attenuating OA-associated inflammation. Conversely, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), which was long thought to be an inert filling tissue, is now increasingly considered a dynamic tissue whose volume and lipid content regulate bone remodeling in pathological conditions. Given OA's ability to alter adipose tissues, particularly those within the joint (IFP and BMAT), and the influence of adipose tissues on OA pathogenesis, this review examines the lipids produced by OA-associated adipose tissues, shedding light on their potential role in OA pathophysiology and highlighting them as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zapata-Linares
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Léa Loisay
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diego de Haro
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Rheumatology Department, AP-HP Saint-Antoine Hospital, 184, rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Hügle
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Geurts
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Xavier Houard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France.
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2
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von Hegedus JH, de Jong AJ, Hoekstra AT, Spronsen E, Zhu W, Cabukusta B, Kwekkeboom JC, Heijink M, Bos E, Berkers CR, Giera MA, Toes REM, Ioan-Facsinay A. Oleic acid enhances proliferation and calcium mobilization of CD3/CD28 activated CD4 + T cells through incorporation into membrane lipids. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350685. [PMID: 38890809 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) are crucial for T-cell effector functions, as they can affect the growth, differentiation, survival, and function of T cells. Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which UFA affects T-cell behavior are ill-defined. Therefore, we analyzed the processing of oleic acid, a prominent UFA abundantly present in blood, adipocytes, and the fat pads surrounding lymph nodes, in CD4+ T cells. We found that exogenous oleic acid increases proliferation and enhances the calcium flux response upon CD3/CD28 activation. By using a variety of techniques, we found that the incorporation of oleic acid into membrane lipids, rather than regulation of cellular metabolism or TCR expression, is essential for its effects on CD4+ T cells. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism through which exogenous oleic acid enhances CD4+ T-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hendrick von Hegedus
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja J de Jong
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna T Hoekstra
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Spronsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wahwah Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Birol Cabukusta
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joanneke C Kwekkeboom
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Heijink
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Bos
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin A Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rene E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreea Ioan-Facsinay
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Reilly NA, Sonnet F, Dekkers KF, Kwekkeboom JC, Sinke L, Hilt S, Suleiman HM, Hoeksema MA, Mei H, van Zwet EW, Everts B, Ioan-Facsinay A, Jukema JW, Heijmans BT. Oleic acid triggers metabolic rewiring of T cells poising them for T helper 9 differentiation. iScience 2024; 27:109496. [PMID: 38558932 PMCID: PMC10981094 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are the most common immune cells in atherosclerotic plaques, and the function of T cells can be altered by fatty acids. Here, we show that pre-exposure of CD4+ T cells to oleic acid, an abundant fatty acid linked to cardiovascular events, upregulates core metabolic pathways and promotes differentiation into interleukin-9 (IL-9)-producing cells upon activation. RNA sequencing of non-activated T cells reveals that oleic acid upregulates genes encoding key enzymes responsible for cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis. Transcription footprint analysis links these expression changes to the differentiation toward TH9 cells, a pro-atherogenic subset. Spectral flow cytometry shows that pre-exposure to oleic acid results in a skew toward IL-9+-producing T cells upon activation. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of either cholesterol or fatty acid biosynthesis abolishes this effect, suggesting a beneficial role for statins beyond cholesterol lowering. Taken together, oleic acid may affect inflammatory diseases like atherosclerosis by rewiring T cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie A. Reilly
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Friederike Sonnet
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen F. Dekkers
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lucy Sinke
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stan Hilt
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hayat M. Suleiman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marten A. Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik W. van Zwet
- Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andreea Ioan-Facsinay
- Department of Rheumatology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T. Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Simula L, Fumagalli M, Vimeux L, Rajnpreht I, Icard P, Birsen G, An D, Pendino F, Rouault A, Bercovici N, Damotte D, Lupo-Mansuet A, Alifano M, Alves-Guerra MC, Donnadieu E. Mitochondrial metabolism sustains CD8 + T cell migration for an efficient infiltration into solid tumors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2203. [PMID: 38467616 PMCID: PMC10928223 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of CD8+ T cells to infiltrate solid tumors and reach cancer cells is associated with improved patient survival and responses to immunotherapy. Thus, identifying the factors controlling T cell migration in tumors is critical, so that strategies to intervene on these targets can be developed. Although interstitial motility is a highly energy-demanding process, the metabolic requirements of CD8+ T cells migrating in a 3D environment remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the main metabolic pathway sustaining human CD8+ T cell motility in 3D collagen gels and tumor slices while glycolysis plays a more minor role. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we report that CD8+ T cell migration depends on the mitochondrial oxidation of glucose and glutamine, but not fatty acids, and both ATP and ROS produced by mitochondria are required for T cells to migrate. Pharmacological interventions to increase mitochondrial activity improve CD8+ T cell intratumoral migration and CAR T cell recruitment into tumor islets leading to better control of tumor growth in human xenograft models. Our study highlights the rationale of targeting mitochondrial metabolism to enhance the migration and antitumor efficacy of CAR T cells in treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Simula
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France.
| | - Mattia Fumagalli
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Lene Vimeux
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Irena Rajnpreht
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Philippe Icard
- Université de Normandie, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Caen, France
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP-Centre, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gary Birsen
- Department of Pneumology, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Cochin Hospital, APHP-Centre, Université Paris-Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Dongjie An
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Frédéric Pendino
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Adrien Rouault
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Nadège Bercovici
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, APHP-Centre, Université Paris-Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Lupo-Mansuet
- Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, APHP-Centre, Université Paris-Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP-Centre, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Inserm U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology Unit, 75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France.
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5
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Liu H, Liu L, Rosen CJ. PTH and the Regulation of Mesenchymal Cells within the Bone Marrow Niche. Cells 2024; 13:406. [PMID: 38474370 PMCID: PMC10930661 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a pivotal role in maintaining calcium homeostasis, largely by modulating bone remodeling processes. Its effects on bone are notably dependent on the duration and frequency of exposure. Specifically, PTH can initiate both bone formation and resorption, with the outcome being influenced by the manner of PTH administration: continuous or intermittent. In continuous administration, PTH tends to promote bone resorption, possibly by regulating certain genes within bone cells. Conversely, intermittent exposure generally favors bone formation, possibly through transient gene activation. PTH's role extends to various aspects of bone cell activity. It directly influences skeletal stem cells, osteoblastic lineage cells, osteocytes, and T cells, playing a critical role in bone generation. Simultaneously, it indirectly affects osteoclast precursor cells and osteoclasts, and has a direct impact on T cells, contributing to its role in bone resorption. Despite these insights, the intricate mechanisms through which PTH acts within the bone marrow niche are not entirely understood. This article reviews the dual roles of PTH-catabolic and anabolic-on bone cells, highlighting the cellular and molecular pathways involved in these processes. The complex interplay of these factors in bone remodeling underscores the need for further investigation to fully comprehend PTH's multifaceted influence on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
| | - Linyi Liu
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
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6
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Yang Y, Wang X, Wang S, Chen Q, Li M, Lu S. Identification of Potential Sex-Specific Biomarkers in Pigs with Low and High Intramuscular Fat Content Using Integrated Bioinformatics and Machine Learning. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1695. [PMID: 37761835 PMCID: PMC10531182 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a key determinant of pork quality. Controlling the genetic and physiological factors of IMF and the expression patterns of various genes is important for regulating the IMF content and improving meat quality in pig breeding. Growing evidence has suggested the role of genetic factors and breeds in IMF deposition; however, research on the sex factors of IMF deposition is still lacking. The present study aimed to identify potential sex-specific biomarkers strongly associated with IMF deposition in low- and high-IMF pig populations. The GSE144780 expression dataset of IMF deposition-related genes were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Initially, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in male and female low-IMF (162 DEGs, including 64 up- and 98 down-regulated genes) and high-IMF pigs (202 DEGs, including 147 up- and 55 down-regulated genes). Moreover, hub genes were screened via PPI network construction. Furthermore, hub genes were screened for potential sex-specific biomarkers using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator machine learning algorithm, and sex-specific biomarkers in low-IMF (troponin I (TNNI1), myosin light chain 9(MYL9), and serpin family C member 1(SERPINC1)) and high-IMF pigs (CD4 molecule (CD4), CD2 molecule (CD2), and amine oxidase copper-containing 2(AOC2)) were identified, and then verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in semimembranosus muscles. Additionally, the gene set enrichment analysis and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis of hallmark gene sets were collectively performed on the identified biomarkers. Finally, the transcription factor-biomarker and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA (biomarker) networks were predicted. The identified potential sex-specific biomarkers may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of IMF deposition and the beneficial foundation for improving meat quality in pig breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shaoxiong Lu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.); (Q.C.); (M.L.)
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7
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Shirakawa K, Sano M. Drastic transformation of visceral adipose tissue and peripheral CD4 T cells in obesity. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1044737. [PMID: 36685567 PMCID: PMC9846168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a pronounced effect on the immune response in systemic organs that results in not only insulin resistance but also altered immune responses to infectious diseases and malignant tumors. Obesity-associated microenvironmental changes alter transcriptional expression and metabolism in T cells, leading to alterations in T-cell differentiation, proliferation, function, and survival. Adipokines, cytokines, and lipids derived from obese visceral adipose tissue (VAT) may also contribute to the systemic T-cell phenotype, resulting in obesity-specific pathogenesis. VAT T cells, which have multiple roles in regulating homeostasis and energy utilization and defending against pathogens, are most susceptible to obesity. In particular, many studies have shown that CD4 T cells are deeply involved in the homeostasis of VAT endocrine and metabolic functions and in obesity-related chronic inflammation. In obesity, macrophages and adipocytes in VAT function as antigen-presenting cells and contribute to the obesity-specific CD4 T-cell response by inducing CD4 T-cell proliferation and differentiation into inflammatory effectors via interactions between major histocompatibility complex class II and T-cell receptors. When obesity persists, prolonged stimulation by leptin and circulating free fatty acids, repetitive antigen stimulation, activating stress responses, and hypoxia induce exhaustion of CD4 T cells in VAT. T-cell exhaustion is characterized by restricted effector function, persistent expression of inhibitory receptors, and a transcriptional state distinct from functional effector and memory T cells. Moreover, obesity causes thymic regression, which may result in homeostatic proliferation of obesity-specific T-cell subsets due to changes in T-cell metabolism and gene expression in VAT. In addition to causing T-cell exhaustion, obesity also accelerates cellular senescence of CD4 T cells. Senescent CD4 T cells secrete osteopontin, which causes further VAT inflammation. The obesity-associated transformation of CD4 T cells remains a negative legacy even after weight loss, causing treatment resistance of obesity-related conditions. This review discusses the marked transformation of CD4 T cells in VAT and systemic organs as a consequence of obesity-related microenvironmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Santa-María C, López-Enríquez S, Montserrat-de la Paz S, Geniz I, Reyes-Quiroz ME, Moreno M, Palomares F, Sobrino F, Alba G. Update on Anti-Inflammatory Molecular Mechanisms Induced by Oleic Acid. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010224. [PMID: 36615882 PMCID: PMC9824542 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2010, the Mediterranean diet was recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Olive oil is the most characteristic food of this diet due to its high nutraceutical value. The positive effects of olive oil have often been attributed to its minor components; however, its oleic acid (OA) content (70-80%) is responsible for its many health properties. OA is an effective biomolecule, although the mechanism by which OA mediates beneficial physiological effects is not fully understood. OA influences cell membrane fluidity, receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, and gene expression. OA may directly regulate both the synthesis and activities of antioxidant enzymes. The anti-inflammatory effect may be related to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of anti-inflammatory ones. The best-characterized mechanism highlights OA as a natural activator of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), derived from OA, is an endogenous ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) nuclear receptor. OEA regulates dietary fat intake and energy homeostasis and has therefore been suggested to be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity. OEA has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The beneficial effects of olive oil may be related to the actions of OEA. New evidence suggests that oleic acid may influence epigenetic mechanisms, opening a new avenue in the exploration of therapies based on these mechanisms. OA can exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects by regulating microRNA expression. In this review, we examine the cellular reactions and intracellular processes triggered by OA in T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in order to better understand the immune modulation exerted by OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Santa-María
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.S.-M.); (S.L.-E.)
| | - Soledad López-Enríquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.S.-M.); (S.L.-E.)
| | - Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Geniz
- Distrito Sanitario Seville Norte y Aljarafe, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, 41008 Seville, Spain
| | - María Edith Reyes-Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Manuela Moreno
- Departamento de Farmacia y Nutrición, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29603 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Palomares
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Alba
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
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9
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Liu X, Hoft DF, Peng G. Tumor microenvironment metabolites directing T cell differentiation and function. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:132-147. [PMID: 34973923 PMCID: PMC8810659 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells creates a unique tumor microenvironment (TME) characterized by the limited availability of nutrients, which subsequently affects the metabolism, differentiation, and function of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs). TILs can also be inhibited by tumor-derived metabolic waste products and low oxygen. Therefore, a thorough understanding of how such unique metabolites influence mammalian T cell differentiation and function can inform novel anticancer therapeutic approaches. Here, we highlight the importance of these metabolites in modulating various T cell subsets within the TME, dissecting how these changes might alter clinical outcomes. We explore potential TME metabolic determinants that might constitute candidate targets for cancer immunotherapies, ideally leading to future strategies for reprogramming tumor metabolism to potentiate anticancer T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104, USA
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104, USA.
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10
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Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, Machado SA, de Carvalho JMA, Magalhães KG. Obesity and adipose tissue impact on T-cell response and cancer immune checkpoint blockade therapy. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2022; 2:ltac015. [PMID: 36033972 PMCID: PMC9404253 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many different types of cancer are now well known to have increased occurrence or severity in individuals with obesity. The influence of obesity on cancer and the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment has been thought to be a pleiotropic effect. As key endocrine and immune organs, the highly plastic adipose tissues play crucial roles in obesity pathophysiology, as they show alterations according to environmental cues. Adipose tissues of lean subjects present mostly anti-inflammatory cells that are crucial in tissue remodeling, favoring uncoupling protein 1 expression and non-shivering thermogenesis. Oppositely, obese adipose tissues display massive proinflammatory immune cell infiltration, dying adipocytes, and enhanced crown-like structure formation. In this review, we discuss how obesity can lead to derangements and dysfunctions in antitumor CD8+ T lymphocytes dysfunction. Moreover, we explain how obesity can affect the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy, depicting the mechanisms involved in this process. Cancer immunotherapy management includes monoclonal antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint blockade. Exhausted CD8+ T lymphocytes show elevated programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression and highly glycolytic tumors tend to show a good response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Although obesity is a risk factor for the development of several neoplasms and is linked with increased tumor growth and aggressiveness, obesity is also related to improved response to cancer immunotherapy, a phenomenon called the obesity paradox. However, patients affected by obesity present higher incidences of adverse events related to this therapy. These limitations highlight the necessity of a deeper investigation of factors that influence the obesity paradox to improve the application of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Azevedo Machado
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia , DF , Brazil
| | | | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia , DF , Brazil
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11
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Reilly NA, Lutgens E, Kuiper J, Heijmans BT, Jukema JW. Effects of fatty acids on T cell function: role in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:824-837. [PMID: 34253911 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T cells are among the most common cell types present in atherosclerotic plaques and are increasingly being recognized as a central mediator in atherosclerosis development and progression. At the same time, triglycerides and fatty acids have re-emerged as crucial risk factors for atherosclerosis. Triglycerides and fatty acids are important components of the milieu to which the T cell is exposed from the circulation to the plaque, and increasing evidence shows that fatty acids influence T cell function. In this Review, we discuss the effects of fatty acids on four components of the T cell response - metabolism, activation, proliferation and polarization - and the influence of these changes on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We also discuss how quiescent T cells can undergo a type of metabolic reprogramming induced by exposure to fatty acids in the circulation that influences the subsequent functions of T cells after activation, such as in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie A Reilly
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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12
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Li Z, Huang Z, Bai L. Cell Interplay in Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720477. [PMID: 34414194 PMCID: PMC8369508 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease and a significant health concern that needs to be urgently solved. OA affects the cartilage and entire joint tissues, including the subchondral bone, synovium, and infrapatellar fat pads. The physiological and pathological changes in these tissues affect the occurrence and development of OA. Understanding complex crosstalk among different joint tissues and their roles in OA initiation and progression is critical in elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of OA. In this review, we begin with an overview of the role of chondrocytes, synovial cells (synovial fibroblasts and macrophages), mast cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, various stem cells, and engineered cells (induced pluripotent stem cells) in OA pathogenesis. Then, we discuss the various mechanisms by which these cells communicate, including paracrine signaling, local microenvironment, co-culture, extracellular vesicles (exosomes), and cell tissue engineering. We particularly focus on the therapeutic potential and clinical applications of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, which serve as modulators of cell-to-cell communication, in the field of regenerative medicine, such as cartilage repair. Finally, the challenges and limitations related to exosome-based treatment for OA are discussed. This article provides a comprehensive summary of key cells that might be targets of future therapies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Foreign Languages College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunhao Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Hidalgo MA, Carretta MD, Burgos RA. Long Chain Fatty Acids as Modulators of Immune Cells Function: Contribution of FFA1 and FFA4 Receptors. Front Physiol 2021; 12:668330. [PMID: 34276398 PMCID: PMC8280355 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.668330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids are molecules that act as metabolic intermediates and constituents of membranes; however, their novel role as signaling molecules in immune function has also been demonstrated. The presence of free fatty acid (FFA) receptors on immune cells has contributed to the understanding of this new role of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in immune function, showing their role as anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory molecules and elucidating their intracellular mechanisms. The FFA1 and FFA4 receptors, also known as GPR40 and GPR120, respectively, have been described in macrophages and neutrophils, two key cells mediating innate immune response. Ligands of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors induce the release of a myriad of cytokines through well-defined intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the cellular responses and intracellular mechanisms activated by LCFAs, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in T-cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, as well as the role of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria D Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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14
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Liddle DM, Hutchinson AL, Monk JM, Power KA, Robinson LE. Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate CD4 + T-cell subset markers, adipocyte antigen-presentation potential, and NLRP3 inflammasome activity in a coculture model of obese adipose tissue. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111388. [PMID: 34298481 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is partly driven by inflammatory cross talk between adipocytes and interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ T-helper (Th)1 cells, a process we have shown may be mitigated by long-chain (LC) ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Our objective was to study pivotal mediators of interactions between Th1 cells and adipocytes as potential mechanisms underlying the antiinflammatory effects of LC ω-3 PUFAs. METHODS Using an in vitro model, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cocultured with purified splenic CD4+ T cells from C57BL/6 mice consuming one of two isocaloric high-fat (HF) diets (60% kcal fat), containing either 41.2% kcal from lard + 18.7% kcal from corn oil (control, HF) or 41.2% kcal from lard + 13.4% kcal from corn oil + 5.3% kcal from fish oil (HF+FO). Cocultures were stimulated for 48 h with lipopolysaccharide (10 ng/mL). RESULTS Compared with HF cocultures, HF+FO reduced Th1-cell markers (including secreted interferon-γ) and increased Th2-cell markers, consistent with reduced expression of genes related to major histocompatibility complex II (P < 0.05). HF+FO also blunted markers of priming and activity of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome (P < 0.05). In confirmatory work, 3T3-L1 adipocyte pretreatment with the LC ω-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (100 μM, 24 h) blunted interferon-γ-induced (5 ng/mL, 24 h) expression of genes related to major histocompatibility complex II and priming and activity markers of the NLRP3 inflammasome compared with control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory interactions between CD4+ T cells and adipocytes may provide a target for LC ω-3 PUFAs to mitigate obesity-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amber L Hutchinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista A Power
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Qiang A, Slawson C, Fields PE. The Role of O-GlcNAcylation in Immune Cell Activation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:596617. [PMID: 33986724 PMCID: PMC8112354 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.596617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification where the sugar, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is added to or removed from various cytoplasmic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins. This modification is regulated by only two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which adds O-GlcNAc, and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes the sugar from proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is integral to maintaining normal cellular function, especially in processes such as nutrient sensing, metabolism, transcription, and growth and development of the cell. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been associated with a number of pathological conditions, including, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. However, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in immune cell growth/proliferation, or other immune responses, is currently incompletely understood. In this review, we highlight the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on certain cells of the immune system, especially those involved in pro-inflammatory responses associated with diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Qiang
- Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Chad Slawson
- Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Patrick E. Fields
- Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- *Correspondence: Patrick E. Fields,
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16
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Liddle DM, Hutchinson AL, Monk JM, DeBoer AA, Ma DWL, Robinson LE. Dietary long-chain n-3 PUFAs mitigate CD4 + T cell/adipocyte inflammatory interactions in co-culture models of obese adipose tissue. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 86:108488. [PMID: 32827664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obese adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is partly driven by accumulation of CD4+ T helper (Th)1 cells and reduced Th2 and T regulatory subsets, which promotes macrophage chemotaxis and ensuing AT metabolic dysfunction. This study investigated CD4+ T cell/adipocyte cytokine-mediated paracrine interactions (cross talk) as a target for dietary intervention to mitigate obese AT inflammation. Using an in vitro co-culture model designed to recapitulate CD4+ T cell accumulation in obese AT (5% of stromal vascular cellular fraction), 3T3-L1 adipocytes were co-cultured with purified splenic CD4+ T cells from C57Bl/6 mice consuming one of two isocaloric diets containing either 10% w/w safflower oil (control, CON) or 7% w/w safflower oil+3% w/w fish oil (FO) for 4 weeks (n=8-11/diet). The FO diet provided 1.9% kcal from the long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, a dose that can be achieved by supplementation. Co-cultures were stimulated for 48 h with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic in vivo obese endotoxin levels or with conditioned media collected from LPS-stimulated visceral AT isolated from CON-fed mice. In both stimulation conditions, FO reduced mRNA expression and/or secreted protein levels of Th1 markers (T-bet, IFN-γ) and increased Th2 markers (GATA3, IL-4), concomitant with reduced inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, TNF-α), macrophage chemokines (MCP-1, MCP-3, MIP-1α, MIP-2) and levels of activated central regulators of inflammatory signaling (NF-κB, STAT-1, STAT-3) (P<.05). Therefore, CD4+ T cell/adipocyte cross talk represents a potential target for LC n-3 PUFAs to mitigate obese AT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Amber L Hutchinson
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Anna A DeBoer
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Hsuman Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
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17
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Greif DN, Kouroupis D, Murdock CJ, Griswold AJ, Kaplan LD, Best TM, Correa D. Infrapatellar Fat Pad/Synovium Complex in Early-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis: Potential New Target and Source of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:860. [PMID: 32850724 PMCID: PMC7399076 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) has until recently been viewed as a densely vascular and innervated intracapsular/extrasynovial tissue with biomechanical roles in the anterior compartment of the knee. Over the last decade, secondary to the proposition that the IFP and synovium function as a single unit, its recognized tight molecular crosstalk with emerging roles in the pathophysiology of joint disease, and the characterization of immune-related resident cells with varying phenotypes (e.g., pro and anti-inflammatory macrophages), this structural complex has gained increasing attention as a potential therapeutic target in patients with various knee pathologies including osteoarthritis (KOA). Furthermore, the description of the presence of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) as perivascular cells within the IFP (IFP-MSC), exhibiting immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic and neutralizing activities over key local mediators, has promoted the IFP as an alternative source of MSC for cell-based therapy protocols. These complementary concepts have supported the growing notion of immune and inflammatory events participating in the pathogenesis of KOA, with the IFP/synovium complex engaging not only in amplifying local pathological responses, but also as a reservoir of potential therapeutic cell-based products. Consequently, the aim of this review is to outline the latest discoveries related with the IFP/synovium complex as both an active participant during KOA initiation and progression thus emerging as a potential target, and a source of therapeutic IFP-MSCs. Finally, we discuss how these notions may help the design of novel treatments for KOA through modulation of local cellular and molecular cascades that ultimately lead to joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Greif
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Christopher J Murdock
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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18
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Li J, Chen X, Lu L, Yu X. The relationship between bone marrow adipose tissue and bone metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 52:88-98. [PMID: 32081538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a prevalent skeletal disorder associated with menopause-related estrogen withdrawal. PMOP is characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of the skeletal microarchitecture, and subsequent increased susceptibility to fragility fractures, thus contributing to disability and mortality. Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormal expansion of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of PMOP, in part because both bone marrow adipocytes and osteoblasts share a common ancestor lineage. The cohabitation of MAT adipocytes, mesenchymal stromal cells, hematopoietic cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the bone marrow creates a microenvironment that permits adipocytes to act directly on other cell types in the marrow. Furthermore, MAT, which is recognized as an endocrine organ, regulates bone remodeling through the secretion of adipokines and cytokines. Although an enhanced MAT volume is linked to low bone mass and fractures in PMOP, the detailed interactions between MAT and bone metabolism remain largely unknown. In this review, we examine the possible mechanisms of MAT expansion under estrogen withdrawal and further summarize emerging findings regarding the pathological roles of MAT in bone remodeling. We also discuss the current therapies targeting MAT in osteoporosis. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between MAT expansion and bone metabolism in estrogen deficiency conditions will provide new insights into potential therapeutic targets for PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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19
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Surendar J, Frohberger SJ, Karunakaran I, Schmitt V, Stamminger W, Neumann AL, Wilhelm C, Hoerauf A, Hübner MP. Adiponectin Limits IFN-γ and IL-17 Producing CD4 T Cells in Obesity by Restraining Cell Intrinsic Glycolysis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2555. [PMID: 31736971 PMCID: PMC6828851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to the innate immune system, the contribution of the adaptive immune response during obesity and insulin resistance is still not completely understood. Here we demonstrate that high fat diet (HFD) increases the frequencies of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and frequencies of T cells positive for IFN-γ and IL-17 in the adipose tissue. The adipocyte-derived soluble factor adiponectin reduces IFN-γ and IL-17 positive CD4+ T cells from HFD mice and dampens the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells and Th17 cells. Adiponectin reduces Th17 cell differentiation and restrains glycolysis in an AMPK dependent fashion. Treatment with adult worm extracts of the rodent filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis (LsAg) reduces adipose tissue Th1 and Th17 cell frequencies during HFD and increases adiponectin levels. Stimulation of T cells in the presence of adipocyte-conditioned media (ACM) from LsAg-treated mice reduces Th1 and Th17 frequencies and this effect was abolished when ACM was treated with an adiponectin neutralizing antibody. Collectively, these data reveal a novel role of adiponectin in controlling pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cells during obesity and suggest that the beneficial role of helminth infections and helminth-derived products on obesity and insulin resistance may be in part mediated by adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayagopi Surendar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Unit for Immunopathology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan J Frohberger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Indulekha Karunakaran
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vanessa Schmitt
- Unit for Immunopathology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wiebke Stamminger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Neumann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- Unit for Immunopathology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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20
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Brown Adipocyte and Splenocyte Co-Culture Maintains Regulatory T Cell Subset in Intermittent Hypobaric Conditions. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:539-548. [PMID: 31624708 PMCID: PMC6778593 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brown adipocytes have thermogenic characteristics in neonates and elicit anti-inflammatory responses. We postulated that thermogenic brown adipocytes produce distinctive intercellular effects in a hypobaric state. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between brown adipocyte and regulatory T cell (Treg) expression under intermittent hypobaric conditions. Methods Brown and white adipocytes were harvested from the interscapular and flank areas of C57BL6 mice, respectively. Adipocytes were cultured with syngeneic splenocytes after isolation and differentiation. Intermittent hypobaric conditions were generated using cyclic negative pressure application for 48 h in both groups of adipocytes. Expression levels of Tregs (CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T cells), cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)] co-inhibitory ligand were examined. Results Splenocytes, cultured with brown and white adipocytes, exhibited comparable Treg expression in a normobaric state. Under hypobaric conditions, brown adipocytes maintained a subset of Tregs. However, a decrease in Tregs was found in the white adipocyte group. TNF-α levels increased in both groups under hypobaric conditions. In the brown adipocyte group, anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression increased significantly; meanwhile, IL-10 expression decreased in the white adipocyte group. PD-L1 levels increased more significantly in brown adipocytes than in white adipocytes under hypobaric conditions. Conclusion Both brown and white adipocytes support Treg expression when they are cultured with splenocytes. Of note, brown adipocytes maintained Treg expression in intermittent hypobaric conditions. Anti-inflammatory cytokines and co-inhibitory ligands mediate the immunomodulatory effects of brown adipocytes under altered atmospheric conditions. Brown adipocytes showed the feasibility as a source of adjustment in physical stresses.
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence describing adipose tissue as a reservoir for HIV-1 and how this often expansive anatomic compartment contributes to HIV persistence. RECENT FINDINGS Memory CD4 T cells and macrophages, the major host cells for HIV, accumulate in adipose tissue during HIV/SIV infection of humans and rhesus macaques. Whereas HIV and SIV proviral DNA is detectable in CD4 T cells of multiple fat depots in virtually all infected humans and monkeys examined, viral RNA is less frequently detected, and infected macrophages may be less prevalent in adipose tissue. However, based on viral outgrowth assays, adipose-resident CD4 T cells are latently infected with virus that is replication-competent and infectious. Additionally, adipocytes interact with CD4 T cells and macrophages to promote immune cell activation and inflammation which may be supportive for HIV persistence. Antiviral effector cells, such as CD8 T cells and NK/NKT cells, are abundant in adipose tissue during HIV/SIV infection and typically exceed CD4 T cells, whereas B cells are largely absent from adipose tissue of humans and monkeys. Additionally, CD8 T cells in adipose tissue of HIV patients are activated and have a late differentiated phenotype, with unique TCR clonotypes of less diversity relative to blood CD8 T cells. With respect to the distribution of antiretroviral drugs in adipose tissue, data is limited, but there may be class-specific penetration of fat depots. The trafficking of infected immune cells within adipose tissues is a common event during HIV/SIV infection of humans and monkeys, but the virus may be mostly transcriptionally dormant. Viral replication may occur less in adipose tissue compared to other major reservoirs, such as lymphoid tissue, but replication competence and infectiousness of adipose latent virus are comparable to other tissues. Due to the ubiquitous nature of adipose tissue, inflammatory interactions among adipocytes and CD4 T cells and macrophages, and selective distribution of antiretroviral drugs, the sequestration of infected immune cells within fat depots likely represents a major challenge for cure efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Couturier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., MSB 2.112, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., MSB 2.112, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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22
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Guerrero-Ros I, Clement CC, Reynolds CA, Patel B, Santambrogio L, Cuervo AM, Macian F. The negative effect of lipid challenge on autophagy inhibits T cell responses. Autophagy 2019; 16:223-238. [PMID: 30982401 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1606635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with changes in the immune system that significantly hinder its ability to mount efficient immune responses. Previous studies have reported a dysregulation of immune responses caused by lipid challenge; however, the mechanisms underlying that dysregulation are still not completely understood. Autophagy is an essential catabolic process through which cellular components are degraded by the lysosomal machinery. In T cells, autophagy is an actively regulated process necessary to sustain homeostasis and activation. Here, we report that CD4+ T cell responses are inhibited when cells are challenged with increasing concentrations of fatty acids. Furthermore, analysis of T cells from diet-induced obese mice confirms that high lipid load inhibits activation-induced responses in T cells. We have found that autophagy is inhibited in CD4+ T cells exposed in vitro or in vivo to lipid stress, which causes decreased autophagosome formation and degradation. Supporting that inhibition of autophagy caused by high lipid load is a key mechanism that accounts for the effects on T cell function of lipid stress, we found that ATG7 (autophagy-related 7)-deficient T cells, unable to activate autophagy, did not show additional inhibitory effects on their responses to activation when subjected to lipid challenge. Our results indicate, thus, that increased lipid load can dysregulate autophagy and cause defective T cell responses, and suggest that inhibition of autophagy may underlie some of the characteristic obesity-associated defects in the T cell compartment.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin, beta; ATG: autophagy-related; CDKN1B: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; HFD: high-fat diet; IFNG: interferon gamma; IL: interleukin; MAPK1/ERK2: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; MAPK3/ERK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; MAPK8/JNK: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8; LC3-I: non-conjugated form of MAP1LC3B; LC3-II: phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated form of MAP1LC3B; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MS: mass spectrometry; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFATC2: nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 2; NLRP3: NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; OA: oleic acid; PI: propidium iodide; ROS: reactive oxygen species; STAT5A: signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A; TCR: T cell receptor; TH1: T helper cell type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina C Clement
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Cara A Reynolds
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bindi Patel
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana M Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Fernando Macian
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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23
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Wu D, Han JM, Yu X, Lam AJ, Hoeppli RE, Pesenacker AM, Huang Q, Chen V, Speake C, Yorke E, Nguyen N, Sampath S, Harris D, Levings MK. Characterization of regulatory T cells in obese omental adipose tissue in humans. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:336-347. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Han
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Xin Yu
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Avery J. Lam
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Romy E. Hoeppli
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Anne M. Pesenacker
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Virginia Chen
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Cate Speake
- Diabetes Clinical Research ProgramBenaroya Research Institute Seattle WA USA
| | - Ekua Yorke
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- Richmond Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery ProgramRichmond Hospital Richmond BC Canada
| | - Nam Nguyen
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- Richmond Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery ProgramRichmond Hospital Richmond BC Canada
| | - Sharadh Sampath
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- Richmond Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery ProgramRichmond Hospital Richmond BC Canada
| | - David Harris
- Richmond Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery ProgramRichmond Hospital Richmond BC Canada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
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24
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Del Cornò M, Conti L, Gessani S. Innate Lymphocytes in Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Their Alterations in Obesity and Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2556. [PMID: 30455701 PMCID: PMC6230679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of death, with burden expected to increase in the coming years. Enhanced adiposity, particularly visceral fat, is associated with increased cancer incidence representing an important indicator of survival, prognosis, recurrence rates, and response to therapy for several tumors including CRC. Compelling evidence has been achieved that the low-grade chronic inflammation characterizing obesity represents a main factor that can favor carcinogenesis. Adipocytes and adipose tissue (AT) infiltrating immune cells contribute to obesity-related inflammation by releasing soluble factors affecting, both locally and systemically, the function of several cell types, including immune and cancer cells. The unbalanced production of immune mediators as well as the profound changes in the repertoire and activation state of immune cells in AT of obese subjects represent key events in the processes that set the basis for a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. AT harbors a unique profile of immune cells of different origin that play an important role in tissue homeostasis. Among these, tissue-resident innate lymphocytes are emerging as important AT components whose depletion/aberrant activation occurring in obesity could have an impact on inflammation and immune-surveillance against tumors. However, a direct link between obesity-induced dysfunction and cancer development has not been demonstrated yet. In this review, we provide an overview of human obesity- and CRC-induced alterations of blood and adipose tissue-associated innate lymphocytes, and discuss how the adipose tissue microenvironment in obesity might influence the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Del Cornò
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Conti
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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25
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Zhao Y, Lin L, Li J, Xiao Z, Chen B, Wan L, Li M, Wu X, Hin Cho C, Shen J. CD4+ T cells in obesity and obesity-associated diseases. Cell Immunol 2018; 332:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Inflammatory pattern of the infrapatellar fat pad in dogs with canine cruciate ligament disease. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:161. [PMID: 29769086 PMCID: PMC5956839 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the importance of inflammation during the pathogenesis of cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) in dogs and despite the latest knowledge suggesting a significant role of adipose tissue in osteoarthritis, the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) was up to now mostly disregarded in veterinary investigations. In the present study, the inflammatory activity of the IFP, the main adipose structure within the stifle joint, was thoroughly investigated to evaluate its potential impact in the pathogenesis of this common disease of our canine companions. Samples of IFP, subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScAT) of the thigh and synovial fluid in both diseased (n = 36) and healthy control (n = 23) dogs were tested for their immune cell composition but also for interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), degradative enzymes (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, TIMP-2, iNOS) and adipokines (leptin and adiponectin). Characterization of the immune cell composition was ascertained by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Gene expression and protein release of the inflammatory markers was determined by real RT-qPCR and ELISA. RESULTS IFPs of dogs with CCLD had a significantly increased immune cell count with T cells (CD3) as the most abundant immune cells. T cells and macrophages (CD14) were significantly increased compared to healthy controls or corresponding ScAT. In addition, IFPs of dogs with CCLD demonstrated a significant increase on gene as well as protein level of multiple inflammatory indicators (IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-1, MMP-13) compared to the other tissues. TNFα was only increased on gene expression. Adipokine analysis showed higher secretion of adiponectin and lower leptin secretion in IFP from dogs with CCLD than from controls. In the synovial fluid from dogs with CCLD concentrations of IL-1β, MMP-1, MMP-13 as well as leptin were significantly increased compared to the synovial fluid from healthy control dogs. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that the IFP is a potential contributory factor in the pathogenesis of CCLD, due to its inflammatory phenotype and the proximity within the stifle joint. To determine the extent of this possible inter-relationship, further studies need to be undertaken.
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27
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Del Cornò M, D'Archivio M, Conti L, Scazzocchio B, Varì R, Donninelli G, Varano B, Giammarioli S, De Meo S, Silecchia G, Pennestrì F, Persiani R, Masella R, Gessani S. Visceral fat adipocytes from obese and colorectal cancer subjects exhibit distinct secretory and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles and deliver immunosuppressive signals to innate immunity cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63093-63105. [PMID: 27494857 PMCID: PMC5325349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a low-grade chronic inflammatory state representing an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Adipocytes strongly contribute to inflammation by producing inflammatory mediators. In this study we investigated the role of human visceral fat adipocytes in regulating the functions of innate immunity cells. Adipocyte-conditioned media (ACM) from obese (n = 14) and CRC (lean, n = 14; obese, n = 13) subjects released higher levels of pro-inflammatory/immunoregulatory factors as compared to ACM from healthy lean subjects (n = 13). Dendritic cells (DC), differentiated in the presence of ACM from obese and CRC subjects, expressed elevated levels of the inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and PD-L2, and showed a reduced IL-12/IL-10 ratio in response to both TLR ligand- and γδ T lymphocyte-induced maturation. Furthermore, CRC patient-derived ACM inhibited DC-mediated γδ T cell activation. The immunosuppressive signals delivered by ACM from obese and CRC individuals were associated with a pro-inflammatory secretory and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profile of adipocytes. Interestingly, STAT3 activation in adipocytes correlated with dihomo-γlinolenic acid content and was further induced by arachidonic acid, which conversely down-modulated PPARγ. These results provide novel evidence for a cross-talk between human adipocytes and innate immunity cells whose alteration in obesity and CRC may lead to immune dysfunctions, thus setting the basis for cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Del Cornò
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo D'Archivio
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Conti
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Scazzocchio
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Varì
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Donninelli
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Varano
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Giammarioli
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone De Meo
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotecnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Masella
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to gain a better understanding of marrow adipocyte development, its regulation of energy, and its characterization responsible for bone homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS Despite major advances in uncovering the complex association of bone-fat in the marrow, the underlying basic biological process of adipose tissue development, as well as its interaction with bone homeostasis in pathophysiological conditions, is still not well understood. This review identifies many pro- and anti-osteogenic factors secreted by adipocytes to play a role in the manipulating the fate of mesenchymal stem cells as well as the osteoblastic activity during bone remodeling. It also addresses the function of adipose tissue capable of negative regulation of the hematopoietic microenvironment to influence the bone quantity and the nature of bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jian-Ming Lin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
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29
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Nam SY. Obesity-Related Digestive Diseases and Their Pathophysiology. Gut Liver 2018; 11:323-334. [PMID: 27890867 PMCID: PMC5417774 DOI: 10.5009/gnl15557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing medical and public health problem worldwide. Many digestive diseases are related to obesity. In this article, the current state of our knowledge of obesity-related digestive diseases, their pathogenesis, and the medical and metabolic consequences of weight reduction are discussed. Obesity-related digestive diseases include gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal cancer, colon polyp and cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis C-related disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallstone, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. Although obesity-related esophageal diseases are associated with altered mechanical and humoral factors, other obesity-related digestive diseases seem to be associated with obesity-induced altered circulating levels of adipocytokines and insulin resistance. The relationship between functional gastrointestinal disease and obesity has been debated. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the obesity-related digestive diseases, including pathophysiology, obesity-related risk, and medical and metabolic effects of weight reduction in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Youn Nam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastric Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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30
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Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that metabolic processes and individual metabolites can shape the function of immune cells and thereby play important roles in the outcome of immune responses. In this respect, the use of MS- and NMR spectroscopy-based platforms to characterize and quantify metabolites in biological samples has recently yielded important novel insights into how our immune system functions and has contributed to the identification of biomarkers for immune-mediated diseases. Here, these recent immunological studies in which metabolomics has been used and made significant contributions to these fields will be discussed. In particular the role of metabolomics to the rapidly advancing field of cellular immunometabolism will be highlighted as well as the future prospects of such metabolomic tools in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
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31
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Miya A, Nakamura A, Miyoshi H, Takano Y, Sunagoya K, Hayasaka K, Shimizu C, Terauchi Y, Atsumi T. Impact of Glucose Loading on Variations in CD4 + and CD8 + T Cells in Japanese Participants with or without Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:81. [PMID: 29615971 PMCID: PMC5870166 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the fluctuations in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and natural CD4+CD25+FoxP3+T-regulatory (Treg) cells following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in participants with and those without type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS 19 Japanese participants with T2DM (DM group) and 21 participants without diabetes (non-DM group) were recruited and underwent a 75-g OGTT. The cell numbers of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and the T cell compartment, such as CD4+, CD8+, and Treg, were calculated for blood samples obtained after an overnight 12 h fast and during a 75-g OGTT at 60 and 120 min. RESULTS Before glucose loading, no differences in the cell numbers of leukocytes, lymphocytes, CD4+, CD8+, and Treg were observed between the DM group and the non-DM group. The proportion of CD8+ was significantly reduced, whereas the proportion of CD4+ was significantly increased, after 120 min of glucose loading in both groups. The proportion of Treg was not affected. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between the AUC0-120 min of CD8+ and the change in the free fatty acid level following the OGTT (ρ = 0.39, P < 0.05), but not that of glucose or insulin. CONCLUSION The proportion of CD4+ T cells was increased and that of CD8+ T cells was reduced after glucose loading in both subjects with and without diabetes. These findings suggest that glucose loading dynamically affects the balance of the circulating T lymphocyte subset, regardless of glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aika Miya
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akinobu Nakamura,
| | - Hideaki Miyoshi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Takano
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kana Sunagoya
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Hayasaka
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chikara Shimizu
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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32
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Gardinal R, Calomeni GD, Zanferari F, Vendramini THA, Takiya CS, Bertagnon HG, Batista CF, Della Libera AMMP, Renno FP. Different durations of whole raw soybean supplementation during the prepartum period: Measures of cellular immune function in transition cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:661-674. [PMID: 29102135 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate different durations of whole raw soybean (WS) supplementation (diet rich in n-6 fatty acid) during the prepartum period on cellular immune function of dairy cows in the transition period and early lactation. Thirty-one Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design and assigned to 4 experimental groups (G) [G90, G60, G30, and G0 (control)] supplemented with a diet containing 12% of WS from 90, 60, 30 and 0 d relative to the calving date, respectively. Cows were dried off 60 d before the expected calving date. After parturition, all cows were fed a diet containing 12% of WS until 84 DIM. Blood samples were collected before the morning feeding (d -56 ± 2, -28 ± 2, -14 ± 2, -7 ± 2, at the day of partum, 7 ± 2, 14 ± 2, 28 ± 2, and 56 ± 2 relative to parturition). Cell phenotyping and phagocytosis assays were carried out using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry technique. Duration of WS supplementation linearly increased the percentage of blood CD3+ cells, as well as increased the percentage of blood CD8+ cells in the postpartum period, notably in G30, whereas the lowest values were observed in G0. Further, the duration of WS supplementation linearly increased the reactive oxygen species median fluorescence intensity of CH138+ cells after phagocytizing Staphylococcus aureus in the postpartum period. Longer periods of WS supplementation linearly increased phagocytosis median fluorescence intensity of CH138+ cells in the prepartum period of cows. Duration of WS supplementation linearly increased the percentage of blood CD14+ cells producing reactive oxygen species when stimulated either by Staph. aureus or Escherichia coli in the postpartum period. In conclusion, longer periods of WS supplementation during late lactation and the dry period (beginning on d 90 of the expected calving date) alter the leukocyte population and improve neutrophil immune response in the postpartum period with no detrimental effects on cow performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gardinal
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - G D Calomeni
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - F Zanferari
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - T H A Vendramini
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - C S Takiya
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900
| | - H G Bertagnon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 05508-270
| | - C F Batista
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 05508-270
| | - A M M P Della Libera
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 05508-270
| | - F P Renno
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil, 13635-900; Bursar 1-C of the National Council of Scientific and Technologic Development, Brasilia, Brazil, 71605-001.
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33
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Becker M, Levings MK, Daniel C. Adipose-tissue regulatory T cells: Critical players in adipose-immune crosstalk. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1867-1874. [PMID: 28849586 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type-2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with metabolic defects and inflammatory processes in fat depots. FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune tolerance, and have an important role in controlling tissue-specific inflammation. In this mini-review we will discuss current insights into how cross-talk between T cells and adipose tissue shapes the inflammatory environment in obesity-associated metabolic diseases, focusing on the role of CD4+ T cells and Tregs. We will also highlight potential opportunities for how the immunoregulatory properties of Tregs could be harnessed to control inflammation in obesity and T2D and emphasize the critical need for more research on humans to establish mechanisms that are conserved in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Becker
- Institute for Diabetes Research, Research Group Immune Tolerance in Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C. Canada
| | - Carolin Daniel
- Institute for Diabetes Research, Research Group Immune Tolerance in Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Munich, Germany
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34
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Abstract
HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment exert diverse effects on adipocytes and stromal-vascular fraction cells, leading to changes in adipose tissue quantity, distribution, and energy storage. A HIV-associated lipodystrophic condition was recognized early in the epidemic, characterized by clinically apparent changes in subcutaneous, visceral, and dorsocervical adipose depots. Underlying these changes is altered adipose tissue morphology and expression of genes central to adipocyte maturation, regulation, metabolism, and cytokine signaling. HIV viral proteins persist in circulation and locally within adipose tissue despite suppression of plasma viremia on ART, and exposure to these proteins impairs preadipocyte maturation and reduces adipocyte expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and other genes involved in cell regulation. Several early nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and protease inhibitor antiretroviral drugs demonstrated substantial adipocyte toxicity, including reduced mitochondrial DNA content and respiratory chain enzymes, reduced PPAR-γ and other regulatory gene expression, and increased proinflammatory cytokine production. Newer-generation agents, such as integrase inhibitors, appear to have fewer adverse effects. HIV infection also alters the balance of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in adipose tissue, with effects on macrophage activation and local inflammation, while the presence of latently infected CD4+ T cells in adipose tissue may constitute a protected viral reservoir. This review provides a synthesis of the literature on how HIV virus, ART treatment, and host characteristics interact to affect adipose tissue distribution, immunology, and contribution to metabolic health, and adipocyte maturation, cellular regulation, and energy storage. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1339-1357, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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35
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Murakami K. Potential of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators against rheumatic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 39:155-63. [PMID: 27320930 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.39.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
While arachidonic acid (AA), which is classified into n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), has been mainly recognized as a substrate of pro-inflammatory mediators, eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid, which are classified into n-3 PUFA, is currently identified as substrates of mediators inducing resolution of inflammation, namely pro-resolving mediators (SPM). As with any other pathological conditions, it is gradually elucidated that SPMs contributes a certain effect on joint inflammation. In osteoarthritis (OA), Lipid fractions extracted from adipocytes, especially in infrapatellar fat pad rather than subcutaneous tissue induce T cell skewing for producing IFN-γ or decrease the production of IL-12p40 from macrophages. In synovial tissues form OA, there are some of known receptors for SPM. In the synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it could be identified and quantified a certain kind of SPMs such as maresin 1, lipoxin A4 and resolvin D5. In murine models of arthritis, some of SPMs are found to have some functions to reduce tissue damage. Correctively, SPMs might have some potential to a novel therapeutic target for arthritis or any other rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Murakami
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Hospital
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is now endemic throughout most of the world. Although addressing proximate causes of obesity (excess energy intake and reduced energy expenditure) have been longstanding global health priorities, the problem has continued to worsen at the global level. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous microbial agents cause obesity in various experimental models-a phenomena known as infectobesity. Several of the same agents alter metabolic function in human cells and are associated with human obesity or metabolic dysfunction in humans. We address the evidence for a role in the genesis of obesity for viral agents in five broad categories: adenoviridae, herpesviridae, phages, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (slow virus), and other encephalitides and hepatitides. Despite the importance of this topic area, there are many persistent knowledge gaps that need to be resolved. We discuss factors motivating further research and recommend that future infectobesity investigation should be more comprehensive, leveraged, interventional, and patient-centered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameson D Voss
- United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Epidemiology Consult Service Division, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Nikhil V Dhurandhar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 41270, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1240, USA.
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Cohen S, Danzaki K, MacIver NJ. Nutritional effects on T-cell immunometabolism. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:225-235. [PMID: 28054344 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cells are highly influenced by nutrient uptake from their environment, and changes in overall nutritional status, such as malnutrition or obesity, can result in altered T-cell metabolism and behavior. In states of severe malnutrition or starvation, T-cell survival, proliferation, and inflammatory cytokine production are all decreased, as is T-cell glucose uptake and metabolism. The altered T-cell function and metabolism seen in malnutrition is associated with altered adipokine levels, most particularly decreased leptin. Circulating leptin levels are low in malnutrition, and leptin has been shown to be a key link between nutrition and immunity. The current view is that leptin signaling is required to upregulate activated T-cell glucose metabolism and thereby fuel T-cell activation. In the setting of obesity, T cells have been found to have a key role in promoting the recruitment of inflammatory macrophages to adipose depots along with the production of inflammatory cytokines that promote the development of insulin resistance leading to diabetes. Deletion of T cells, key T-cell transcription factors, or pro-inflammatory T-cell cytokines prevents insulin resistance in obesity and underscores the importance of T cells in obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic disease. Altogether, T cells have a critical role in nutritional immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keiko Danzaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, Alperi-López M, López P, Ballina-García FJ, Suárez A. Non-Esterified Fatty Acids Profiling in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Associations with Clinical Features and Th1 Response. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159573. [PMID: 27487156 PMCID: PMC4972416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Since lipid compounds are known to modulate the function of CD4+ T-cells and macrophages, we hypothesize that altered levels of serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) may underlie rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Methods Serum levels of NEFA (palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, γ-linoleic, arachidonic –AA–, linolenic, eicosapentaenoic –EPA– and docosahexaenoic –DHA–) were quantified by LC-MS/MS after methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE)-extraction in 124 RA patients and 56 healthy controls (HC). CD4+ phenotype was studied by flow cytometry. TNFα, IL-8, VEGF, GM-CSF, IFNγ, IL-17, CCL2, CXCL10, leptin and resistin serum levels were quantified by immunoassays. The effect of FA on IFNγ production by PBMC was evaluated in vitro. Results Lower levels of palmitic (p<0.0001), palmitoleic (p = 0.002), oleic (p = 0.010), arachidonic (p = 0.027), EPA (p<0.0001) and DHA (p<0.0001) were found in RA patients, some NEFA being altered at onset. Cluster analysis identified a NEFA profile (hallmarked by increased stearic and decreased EPA and DHA) overrepresented in RA patients compared to HC (p = 0.002), being associated with clinical features (RF, shared epitope and erosions), increased IFNγ expression in CD4+ T-cells (p = 0.002) and a Th1-enriched serum milieu (IFNγ, CCL2 and CXCL10, all p<0.005). In vitro assays demonstrated that imbalanced FA could underlie IFNγ production by CD4+ T-cells. Finally, changes on NEFA levels were associated with clinical response upon TNFα-blockade. Conclusion An altered NEFA profile can be found in RA patients associated with clinical characteristics of aggressive disease and enhanced Th1 response. These results support the relevance of lipidomic studies in RA and provide a rationale for new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alperi-López
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Patricia López
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Ana Suárez
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Zhang SY, Lv Y, Zhang H, Gao S, Wang T, Feng J, Wang Y, Liu G, Xu MJ, Wang X, Jiang C. Adrenomedullin 2 Improves Early Obesity-Induced Adipose Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting the Class II MHC in Adipocytes. Diabetes 2016; 65:2342-55. [PMID: 27207558 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
MHC class II (MHCII) antigen presentation in adipocytes was reported to trigger early adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. However, the benefits of MHCII inhibition in adipocytes remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that human plasma polypeptide adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2) levels were negatively correlated with HOMA of insulin resistance in obese human. Adipose-specific human ADM2 transgenic (aADM2-tg) mice were generated. The aADM2-tg mice displayed improvements in high-fat diet-induced early adipose insulin resistance. This was associated with increased insulin signaling and decreased systemic inflammation. ADM2 dose-dependently inhibited CIITA-induced MHCII expression by increasing Blimp1 expression in a CRLR/RAMP1-cAMP-dependent manner in cultured adipocytes. Furthermore, ADM2 treatment restored the high-fat diet-induced early insulin resistance in adipose tissue, mainly via inhibition of adipocyte MHCII antigen presentation and CD4(+) T-cell activation. This study demonstrates that ADM2 is a promising candidate for the treatment of early obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Low-grade inflammation in the obese AT (AT) and the liver is a critical player in the development of obesity-related metabolic dysregulation, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Myeloid as well as lymphoid cells infiltrate the AT and the liver and expand within these metabolic organs as a result of excessive nutrient intake, thereby exacerbating tissue inflammation. Macrophages are the paramount cell population in the field of metabolism-related inflammation; as obesity progresses, a switch takes place within the AT environment from an M2-alternatively activated macrophage state to an M1-inflammatory macrophage-dominated milieu. M1-polarized macrophages secrete inflammatory cytokines like TNF in the obese AT; such cytokines contribute to insulin resistance in adipocytes. Besides macrophages, also CD8+ T cells promote inflammation in the AT and the liver and thereby the deterioration of the metabolic balance in adipocytes and hepatocytes. Other cells of the innate immunity, such as neutrophils or mast cells, interfere with metabolic homeostasis as well. On the other hand, eosinophils or T-regulatory cells, the number of which in the AT decreases in the course of obesity, function to maintain metabolic balance by ameliorating inflammatory processes. In addition, eosinophils and M2-polarized macrophages may contribute to "beige" adipogenesis under lean conditions; beige adipocytes are located predominantly in the subcutaneous AT and have thermogenic and optimal energy-dispensing properties like brown adipocytes. This chapter will summarize the different aspects of the regulation of homeostasis of metabolic tissues by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research, Dresden, Germany
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Ioan-Facsinay A, Kloppenburg M. An emerging player in knee osteoarthritis: the infrapatellar fat pad. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 15:225. [PMID: 24367915 PMCID: PMC3979009 DOI: 10.1186/ar4422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammation in the development, progression, and clinical features of osteoarthritis has become an area of intense research in recent years. This led to the recognition of synovitis as an important source of inflammation in the joint and indicated that synovitis is intimately associated with pain and osteoarthritis progression. In this review, we discuss another emerging source of inflammation that could play a role in disease development/progression: the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP). The aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive view of the pathology of IFP as obtained from magnetic resonance studies, along with its characterization at both the cellular and the molecular level. Furthermore, we discuss the possible function of this organ in the pathological processes in the knee by summarizing the knowledge regarding the interactions between IFP and other joint tissues and discussing the pro- versus anti-inflammatory functions this tissue could have. We hope that this review will offer an overview of all published data regarding the IFP and will indicate novel directions for future research.
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de Jong AJ, Kloppenburg M, Toes REM, Ioan-Facsinay A. Fatty acids, lipid mediators, and T-cell function. Front Immunol 2014; 5:483. [PMID: 25352844 PMCID: PMC4195378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research toward the mechanisms underlying obesity-linked complications has intensified during the last years. As a consequence, it has become clear that metabolism and immunity are intimately linked. Free fatty acids and other lipids acquired in excess by current feeding patterns have been proposed to mediate this link due to their immune modulatory capacity. The functional differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, in combination with their dietary intake are believed to modulate the outcome of immune responses. Moreover, unsaturated fatty acids can be oxidized in a tightly regulated and specific manner to generate either potent pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving lipid mediators. These oxidative derivatives of fatty acids have received detailed attention during the last years, as they have proven to have strong immune modulatory capacity, even in pM ranges. Both fatty acids and oxidized fatty acids have been studied especially in relation to macrophage and T-cells functions. In this review, we propose to focus on the effect of fatty acids and their oxidative derivatives on T-cells, as it is an active area of research during the past 5 years. The effect of fatty acids and their derivatives on activation and proliferation of T-cells, as well as the delicate balance between stimulation and lipotoxicity will be discussed. Moreover, the receptors involved in the interaction between free fatty acids and their derivatives with T-cells will be summarized. Finally, the mechanisms involved in modulation of T-cells by fatty acids will be addressed, including cellular signaling and metabolism of T-cells. The in vitro results will be placed in context of in vivo studies both in humans and mice. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on the immune modulatory function of lipids on T-cells and will point out novel directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja J de Jong
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden , Netherlands
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Gerriets VA, MacIver NJ. Role of T cells in malnutrition and obesity. Front Immunol 2014; 5:379. [PMID: 25157251 PMCID: PMC4127479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional status is critically important for immune cell function. While obesity is characterized by inflammation that promotes metabolic syndrome including cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance, malnutrition can result in immune cell defects and increased risk of mortality from infectious diseases. T cells play an important role in the immune adaptation to both obesity and malnutrition. T cells in obesity have been shown to have an early and critical role in inducing inflammation, accompanying the accumulation of inflammatory macrophages in obese adipose tissue, which are known to promote insulin resistance. How T cells are recruited to adipose tissue and activated in obesity is a topic of considerable interest. Conversely, T cell number is decreased in malnourished individuals, and T cells in the setting of malnutrition have decreased effector function and proliferative capacity. The adipokine leptin, which is secreted in proportion to adipocyte mass, may have a key role in mediating adipocyte-T cell interactions in both obesity and malnutrition, and has been shown to promote effector T cell function and metabolism while inhibiting regulatory T cell proliferation. Additionally, key molecular signals are involved in T cell metabolic adaptation during nutrient stress; among them, the metabolic regulator AMP kinase and the mammalian target of rapamycin have critical roles in regulating T cell number, function, and metabolism. In summary, understanding how T cell number and function are altered in obesity and malnutrition will lead to better understanding of and treatment for diseases where nutritional status determines clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Gerriets
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC , USA
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC , USA
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Kloos DP, Gay E, Lingeman H, Bracher F, Müller C, Mayboroda OA, Deelder AM, Niessen WMA, Giera M. Comprehensive gas chromatography-electron ionisation mass spectrometric analysis of fatty acids and sterols using sequential one-pot silylation: quantification and isotopologue analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1507-1514. [PMID: 24861601 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fatty acids and sterol lipids play crucial roles in several biological processes and several biological facts underline the interconnection between these lipid classes. Therefore, it is of interest to develop a comprehensive method analysing both classes in the form of their most favourable derivatives suitable for quantification and isotopologue analysis. METHODS Lipids were derivatised by a sequential one-pot procedure using N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MtBSTFA) and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). No clean-up or concentration steps were necessary. The prepared samples were directly available for gas chromatography-electron ionisation mass spectrometric (GC-EI-MS) analysis on a standard column. For quantification, the SIM mode was used and for isotopologue analysis scheduled scan mode was applied. RESULTS Development of a sequential one-pot derivatisation for GC-EI-MS allowing comprehensive analysis of fatty acids and sterols as their most favourable derivatives. Validation carried out using human plasma, comparison with certified NIST plasma. LLOQ of usually 3.3 ng/mL achieved. Isotopologue analysis of 2-[(13)C]-acetate incorporation in HL-60 cells proving feasibility of method. CONCLUSIONS The presented method successfully combines two consecutive silylation reactions in one pot, enabling the analysis of both fatty acids and sterols in a comprehensive analytical method. The method has great potential for the quantification of lipids as well as the comprehensive study of both biochemical pathways, using [(13)C]-flux analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick-Paul Kloos
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands; AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Dalmas E, Venteclef N, Caer C, Poitou C, Cremer I, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Bayry J, Kaveri SV, Clément K, André S, Guerre-Millo M. T cell-derived IL-22 amplifies IL-1β-driven inflammation in human adipose tissue: relevance to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2014; 63:1966-77. [PMID: 24520123 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are critically involved in the alteration of adipose tissue biology leading to deterioration of glucose homeostasis in obesity. Here we show a pronounced proinflammatory signature of adipose tissue macrophages in type 2 diabetic obese patients, mainly driven by increased NLRP3-dependent interleukin (IL)-1β production. IL-1β release increased with glycemic deterioration and decreased after gastric bypass surgery. A specific enrichment of IL-17- and IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells was found in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic obese patients. Coculture experiments identified the effect of macrophage-derived IL-1β to promote IL-22 and IL-17 production by human adipose tissue CD4(+) T cells. Reciprocally, adipose tissue macrophages express IL-17 and IL-22 receptors, making them sensitive to IL-17 and IL-22. IL-22 increased IL-1β release by inducing pro-IL-1β transcription through activation of C-Jun pathways in macrophages. In sum, these human data identified IL-1β and the T-cell cytokine IL-22 as key players of a paracrine inflammatory pathway previously unidentified in adipose tissue, with a pathological relevance to obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. These results provide an additional rationale for targeting IL-1β in obesity-linked type 2 diabetes and may have important implications for the conception of novel combined anti-IL-1β and anti-IL-22 immunotherapy in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Dalmas
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Charles Caer
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Srinivas V Kaveri
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien André
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Guerre-Millo
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
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van Beek L, Lips MA, Visser A, Pijl H, Ioan-Facsinay A, Toes R, Berends FJ, Willems van Dijk K, Koning F, van Harmelen V. Increased systemic and adipose tissue inflammation differentiates obese women with T2DM from obese women with normal glucose tolerance. Metabolism 2014; 63:492-501. [PMID: 24467914 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is strongly related to type-2 diabetes (T2DM), but there is a subset of obese individuals that remains relatively insulin sensitive and metabolically healthy. This study determined to what extent differences in metabolic health in obese women are associated with differences in adipose tissue and/or systemic inflammation. METHODS The subject group consisted of age comparable lean (n=12) and obese women either with T2DM (n=28) or normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n=26). Number of crown like structures (CLS) and adipocyte size were measured in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of the obese women. Circulating cytokine and free fatty acid (FFA) levels, as well as number and activation status of peripheral leukocytes were determined. RESULTS Obese T2DM subjects showed higher circulating levels of IL-6, FFA and glycerol as compared to obese NGT subjects. Obese T2DM subjects had higher absolute numbers of peripheral leukocytes which were mainly due to an increase of T helper cells. Activation status of circulating cytotoxic T (CD8+CD25+) and B (CD19+CD38+) cells was significantly increased in obese NGT subjects as compared to lean but was not different between the two obese groups. Subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese T2DM subjects contained more CLS than adipose tissue of obese NGT subjects. CONCLUSION Obese T2DM subjects show higher FFA levels and adipose tissue macrophage infiltration in addition to higher levels of circulating IL-6 and numbers of CD4+ T cells than obese NGT subjects. Hence, obese T2DM subjects show a higher extent of inflammation at both the systemic and adipose tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne van Beek
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A Lips
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Visser
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Andreea Ioan-Facsinay
- Department of Rheumatology. Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René Toes
- Department of Rheumatology. Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frits J Berends
- Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa van Harmelen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Raval FM, Nikolajczyk BS. The Bidirectional Relationship between Metabolism and Immune Responses. Discoveries (Craiova) 2013; 1:e6. [PMID: 26366435 PMCID: PMC4563811 DOI: 10.15190/d.2013.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism investigates the multiple links between the immune system and metabolism. One main focus of immunometabolism investigates how obesity impacts the immune system and pro-inflammatory immune cell function, leading to metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). The second focus stresses the metabolic changes that dictate immune cell activation. Several groups have studied these two arms of the field individually, but work that integrates both topics will be required to develop an accurate understanding of how immune cells and metabolic pathways collaborate in obesity and obesity-associated T2D. Investigations of the relationships among obesity-induced changes in the nutritional environment, immune cell activation, and immune cell metabolism may lead to novel and efficacious therapies for obesity-associated disorders such as insulin resistance (IR) and T2D. This review outlines recent insights into two related processes: 1. the role that energy utilization plays in immune responses and 2. the immune cell functions that drive obesity and T2D. Herein, we begin to consider how shifts in available fuel sources in obesity and T2D impact the immune response to both pathogens and chronic over nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forum M Raval
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Boston, MA, USA
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