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Zou S, Meng F, Xu G, Yu R, Yang C, Wei Q, Xue Y. Identification of candidate genes and molecular mechanisms related to asthma progression using bioinformatics. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:2237-2246. [PMID: 39088141 PMCID: PMC11450000 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-024-03122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder. This study aimed to identify changes in gene expression and molecular mechanisms associated with moderate to severe asthma. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed in GSE69683 dataset among moderate asthma and its controls as well as between severe asthma and moderate asthma. Key module genes were identified via co-expression analysis, and the molecular mechanism of the module genes was explored through enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). GSE89809 was used to verify the characteristic genes related to moderate and severe asthma. RESULTS Accordingly, 2540 DEGs were present between moderate asthma and the control group, while 6781 DEGs existed between severe asthma and moderate asthma. These genes were identified into 14 co-expression modules. Module 7 had the highest positive correlation with severe asthma and was recognized to be a key module by STEM. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that the module genes were mainly involved in oxidative stress-related signaling pathways. The expression of HSPA1A, PIK3CG and PIK3R6 was associated with moderate asthma, while MAPK13 and MMP9 were associated with severe asthma. The AUC values were verified by GSE89809. Additionally, 322 drugs were predicted to target five genes. CONCLUSION These results identified characteristic genes related to moderate and severe asthma and their corresponding molecular mechanisms, providing a basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbing Zou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fangchan Meng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guien Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongchang Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaomian Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiu Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yanlong Xue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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2
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Pathinayake PS, Hsu ACY, Nichol KS, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM, Wark PAB. Endoplasmic reticulum stress enhances the expression of TLR3-induced TSLP by airway epithelium. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L618-L626. [PMID: 38469627 PMCID: PMC11381004 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00378.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial-derived pleiotropic cytokine that regulates T-helper 2 (Th2) immune responses in the lung and plays a major role in severe uncontrolled asthma. Emerging evidence suggests a role for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathogenesis of asthma. In this study, we determined if ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling are involved in TSLP induction in the airway epithelium. For this, we treated human bronchial epithelial basal cells and differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells with ER stress inducers and the TSLP mRNA and protein expression was determined. A series of siRNA gene knockdown experiments were conducted to determine the ER stress-induced TSLP signaling pathways. cDNA collected from asthmatic bronchial biopsies was used to determine the gene correlation between ER stress and TSLP. Our results show that ER stress signaling induces TSLP mRNA expression via the PERK-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathway. AP-1 transcription factor is important in regulating this ER stress-induced TSLP mRNA induction, though ER stress alone cannot induce TSLP protein production. However, ER stress significantly enhances TLR3-induced TSLP protein secretion in the airway epithelium. TSLP and ER stress (PERK) mRNA expression positively correlates in bronchial biopsies from participants with asthma, particularly in neutrophilic asthma. In conclusion, these results suggest that ER stress primes TSLP that is then enhanced further upon TLR3 activation, which may induce severe asthma exacerbations. Targeting ER stress using pharmacological interventions may provide novel therapeutics for severe uncontrolled asthma.NEW & NOTEWORTHY TSLP is an epithelial-derived cytokine and a key regulator in the pathogenesis of severe uncontrolled asthma. We demonstrate a novel mechanism by which endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling upregulates airway epithelial TSLP mRNA expression via the PERK-CHOP signaling pathway and enhances TLR3-mediated TSLP protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan C-Y Hsu
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Signature Research Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- AIRMED Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Awasthi D, Chopra S, Cho BA, Emmanuelli A, Sandoval TA, Hwang SM, Chae CS, Salvagno C, Tan C, Vasquez-Urbina L, Fernandez Rodriguez JJ, Santagostino SF, Iwawaki T, Romero-Sandoval EA, Crespo MS, Morales DK, Iliev ID, Hohl TM, Cubillos-Ruiz JR. Inflammatory ER stress responses dictate the immunopathogenic progression of systemic candidiasis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e167359. [PMID: 37432737 PMCID: PMC10471176 DOI: 10.1172/jci167359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns can trigger the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α) arm of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in innate immune cells. This process maintains ER homeostasis and also coordinates diverse immunomodulatory programs during bacterial and viral infections. However, the role of innate IRE1α signaling in response to fungal pathogens remains elusive. Here, we report that systemic infection with the human opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans induced proinflammatory IRE1α hyperactivation in myeloid cells that led to fatal kidney immunopathology. Mechanistically, simultaneous activation of the TLR/IL-1R adaptor protein MyD88 and the C-type lectin receptor dectin-1 by C. albicans induced NADPH oxidase-driven generation of ROS, which caused ER stress and IRE1α-dependent overexpression of key inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and TNF-α. Selective ablation of IRE1α in leukocytes, or treatment with an IRE1α pharmacological inhibitor, mitigated kidney inflammation and prolonged the survival of mice with systemic C. albicans infection. Therefore, controlling IRE1α hyperactivation may be useful for impeding the immunopathogenic progression of disseminated candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahil Chopra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Byuri A. Cho
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Emmanuelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Chen Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
| | | | - Jose J. Fernandez Rodriguez
- Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, CSIC–Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara F. Santagostino
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - E. Alfonso Romero-Sandoval
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mariano Sanchez Crespo
- Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, CSIC–Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Iliyan D. Iliev
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine and
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tobias M. Hohl
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Ochoa AE, Congel JH, Corley JM, Janssen WJ, Nick JA, Malcolm KC, Hisert KB. Dectin-1-Independent Macrophage Phagocytosis of Mycobacterium abscessus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11062. [PMID: 37446240 PMCID: PMC10341562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus, a species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), is an opportunistic pathogen that is readily cleared by healthy lungs but can cause pulmonary infections in people with chronic airway diseases. Although knowledge pertaining to molecular mechanisms of host defense against NTM is increasing, macrophage receptors that recognize M. abscessus remain poorly defined. Dectin-1, a C-type lectin receptor identified as a fungal receptor, has been shown to be a pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) for both M. tuberculosis and NTM. To better understand the role of Dectin-1 in host defense against M. abscessus, we tested whether blocking Dectin-1 impaired the uptake of M. abscessus by human macrophages, and we compared M. abscessus pulmonary infection in Dectin-1-deficient and wild-type mice. Blocking antibody for Dectin-1 did not reduce macrophage phagocytosis of M. abscessus, but did reduce the ingestion of the fungal antigen zymosan. Laminarin, a glucan that blocks Dectin-1 and other PRRs, caused decreased phagocytosis of both M. abscessus and zymosan. Dectin-1-/- mice exhibited no defects in the control of M. abscessus infection, and no differences were detected in immune cell populations between wild type and Dectin-1-/- mice. These data demonstrate that murine defense against M. abscessus pulmonary infection, as well as ingestion of M. abscessus by human macrophages, can occur independent of Dectin-1. Thus, additional PRR(s) recognized by laminarin participate in macrophage phagocytosis of M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Katherine B. Hisert
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A550, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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5
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Cazzola M, Hanania NA, Page CP, Matera MG. Novel Anti-Inflammatory Approaches to COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1333-1352. [PMID: 37408603 PMCID: PMC10318108 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s419056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation, driven by different types of inflammatory cells and mediators, plays a fundamental role in COPD and its progression. Neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are key players in this process, although the extent of their participation varies according to the patient's endotype. Anti-inflammatory medications may modify the natural history and progression of COPD. However, since airway inflammation in COPD is relatively resistant to corticosteroid therapy, innovative pharmacological anti-inflammatory approaches are required. The heterogeneity of inflammatory cells and mediators in annethe different COPD endo-phenotypes requires the development of specific pharmacologic agents. Indeed, over the past two decades, several mechanisms that influence the influx and/or activity of inflammatory cells in the airways and lung parenchyma have been identified. Several of these molecules have been tested in vitro models and in vivo in laboratory animals, but only a few have been studied in humans. Although early studies have not been encouraging, useful information emerged suggesting that some of these agents may need to be further tested in specific subgroups of patients, hopefully leading to a more personalized approach to treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola A Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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6
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Matera MG, Calzetta L, Cazzola M, Ora J, Rogliani P. Biologic therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:163-173. [PMID: 36527286 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2160238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disorder characterized by a complicated chronic inflammatory response that is resistant to corticosteroid therapy. As a result, there is a critical need for effective anti-inflammatory medications to treat people with COPD. Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to inhibit cytokines and chemokines or their receptors could be a potential approach to treating the inflammatory component of COPD. AREAS COVERED The therapeutic potential that some of these mAbs might have in COPD is reviewed. EXPERT OPINION No mAb directed against cytokines or chemokines has shown any therapeutic impact in COPD patients, apart from mAbs targeting the IL-5 pathway that appear to have statistically significant, albeit weak, effect in patients with eosinophilic COPD. This may reflect the complexity of COPD, in which no single cytokine or chemokine has a dominant role. Because the umbrella term COPD encompasses several endotypes with diverse underlying processes, mAbs targeting specific cytokines or chemokines should most likely be evaluated in limited and focused populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Josuel Ora
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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7
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Wei X, Wang J, Liang M, Song M. Development of functional nanomedicines for tumor associated macrophages-focused cancer immunotherapy. Theranostics 2022; 12:7821-7852. [PMID: 36451865 PMCID: PMC9706587 DOI: 10.7150/thno.78572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical cancer immunotherapies are usually impeded by tumor immunosuppression driven by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Thus, TAMs can be considered as a promising therapeutic target for improved immunotherapy, and TAMs-focused molecular targeting agents have made ideal progress in clinical practice. Even so, most TAMs-targeting agents still cannot cover up their own shortcomings as free drugs. The emergence of multifunctional nanomaterials can expectedly endow these therapeutic cargoes with high solubility, favorable pharmacokinetic distribution, cell-specific delivery, and controlled release. Here, the underlying mechanisms of tumor immunosuppression caused by TAMs are first emphatically elucidated, and then the basic design of TAMs-focused immune-nanomedicines are discussed, mainly including diverse categories of nanomaterials, targeted and stimulus-responsive modifications, and TAM imaging in nanomedicines. A summary of current TAMs-targeting immunotherapeutic mechanisms based on functional nanomedicines for TAMs elimination and/or repolarization is further presented. Lastly, some severe challenges related to functional nanomedicines for TAMs-focused cancer immunotherapy are proposed, and some feasible perspectives on clinical translation of TAMs-associated anticancer immunonanomedicines are provided. It is hoped that, with rapid development of nanomedicine in cancer immunotherapy, TAMs-focused therapeutic strategies may be anticipated to become an emerging immunotherapeutic modality for future clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Section of Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Song
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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8
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Su WP, Chang LC, Song WH, Yang LX, Wang LC, Chia ZC, Chin YC, Shan YS, Huang CC, Yeh CS. Polyaniline-Based Glyco-Condensation on Au Nanoparticles Enhances Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24144-24159. [PMID: 35579575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is considered among the deadliest cancers with a poor prognosis. Au@PG nanoparticles (NPs) are gold (Au)-based NPs featuring a polyaniline-based glyco structure (PG) generated from the polymerization of ortho-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (ONPG) with promising M1 macrophage polarization activity, resulting in tumor remodeling and from a cold to a hot microenvironment, which promotes the cytotoxic T cell response and tumor inhibition. The combination of Au@PG NPs and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy improved tumor inhibition and immunosuppression, accompanied by the secretion of immunogenic cytokines. A one-pot synthetic method was developed to achieve glyco-condensation during the formation of Au@PG NPs, which induced macrophage polarization more efficiently than Au@glucose, Au@mannose, and Au@galactose NPs. The switch from M2 to M1 macrophages was dependent on NP size, with smaller Au@PG NPs performing better than larger ones, with effectiveness ranked as follows: 32.2 nm ≈ 29.8 nm < 26.4 nm < 18.3 nm. Cellular uptake by endocytosis induced size-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which resulted in the activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), leading to immune modulations and macrophage polarization. Our results suggested the promising potential of Au@PG NPs in lung cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pin Su
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Wei-How Song
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Xing Yang
- Department of Photonics, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Liu-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Chun Chia
- Department of Photonics, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chin
- Department of Photonics, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Huang
- Department of Photonics, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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9
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Duan Q, Zhou Y, Yang D. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in airway hyperresponsiveness. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112904. [PMID: 35367759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness(AHR) is a major clinical phenomenon in lung diseases (asthma, COPD and pulmonary fibrosis) and not only a high-risk factor for perioperative airway spasm leading to hypoxaemia, haemodynamic instability and even "silent lung", but also a potential risk for increased mortality from underlying diseases (e.g. asthma, COPD). Airway reactivity is closely linked to airway inflammation, remodelling and increased mucus secretion, and endoplasmic reticulum stress is an important mechanism for the development of these pathologies. This review, therefore, focuses on the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the immune cells involved in airway hyperreactivity (epithelial cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils and neutrophils) in inflammation and mucus & sputum secretion; and on the differentiation and remodelling of airway smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells. The aim is to clarify the mechanisms associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress in airway hyperresponsiveness and to find new ideas and methods for the prevention of airway hyperresponsiveness in the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Duan
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China.
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Klimek L, Hagemann J, Welkoborsky HJ, Cuevas M, Casper I, Förster-Ruhrmann U, Klimek F, Hintschich CA, Huppertz T, Bergmann C, Tomazic PV, Becker S. Epithelial immune regulation of inflammatory airway diseases: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Allergol Select 2022; 6:148-166. [PMID: 35572064 PMCID: PMC9097524 DOI: 10.5414/alx02296e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial immune regulation is an essential and protective feature of the barrier function of the mucous membranes of the airways. Damage to the epithelial barrier can result in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) or bronchial asthma. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a central regulator in the epithelial barrier function and is associated with type 2 (T2) and non-T2 inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The immunology of chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis nasi (CRSwNP) was analyzed in a literature search, and the existing evidence was determined through searches in Medline, Pubmed as well as the national and international study and guideline registers and the Cochrane Library. Human studies or studies on human cells that were published between 2010 and 2020 and in which the immune mechanisms of TSLP in T2 and non-T2 inflammation were examined were considered. RESULTS TSLP is an epithelial cytokine (alarmin) and a central regulator of the immune reaction, especially in the case of chronic airway inflammation. Induction of TSLP is implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases like CRS and triggers a cascade of subsequent inflammatory reactions. CONCLUSION Treatment with TSLP-blocking monoclonal antibodies could therefore open up interesting therapeutic options. The long-term safety and effectiveness of TSLP blockade has yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz
| | - Jan Hagemann
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz
| | - Hans-Jürgen Welkoborsky
- Clinic for Ear, Nose and Throat Medicine, Head and Neck Surgery, Nordstadt Clinic of the KRH, Hannover
| | - Mandy Cuevas
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Otolaryngology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden
| | | | | | | | - Constantin A Hintschich
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Ear, Nose and Throat Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Tilman Huppertz
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz
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11
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Chorvinsky E, Nino G, Salka K, Gaviria S, Gutierrez MJ, Pillai DK. TSLP bronchoalveolar lavage levels at baseline are linked to clinical disease severity and reduced lung function in children with asthma. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:971073. [PMID: 36245744 PMCID: PMC9557150 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.971073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is increasingly recognized as a key molecule in asthma pathogenesis and as a promising therapeutic target in adults. In contrast, in asthmatic children the clinical relevance of TSLP secretion in the lower airways has been remarkably understudied. We tested the hypothesis that pulmonary TSLP levels in asthmatic children correlate with clinical severity, airway inflammation and lower airway obstruction. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and relevant clinical data were collected from asthmatic children undergoing clinically indicated bronchoscopy at Children's National Hospital in Washington D.C. Protein levels of TSLP, IL-5, IL-1β, and IL-33 were quantified in BAL at baseline and correlated with individual severity and clinical features including spirometry, serum IgE and eosinophils, BAL neutrophil and eosinophil counts. RESULTS We enrolled a total of 35 asthmatic children (median age: 9 years). Pediatric subjects with severe asthma had greater TSLP BAL levels at baseline relative to mild or moderate asthmatic subjects (p = 0.016). Asthmatic children with the highest TSLP levels (>75th percentile) had higher IL-5 and IL-1β BAL levels and greater lower airway obstruction (lower FEV1/FVC ratios). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates for the first time that higher pulmonary TSLP levels obtained at baseline are linked to asthma disease severity in a subset of children. These data indicate that TSLP may play a key role in the pathogenesis of pediatric asthma and thus provide initial support to investigate the potential use of anti-TSLP biologics to treat severe uncontrolled asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Chorvinsky
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kyle Salka
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Susana Gaviria
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Maria J Gutierrez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dinesh K Pillai
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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12
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Improvement of Bronchial Immune Hypersensitivity Reaction Using Extracts from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramatuelle and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3173823. [PMID: 34931126 PMCID: PMC8684525 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3173823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramatuelle and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (skullcap) have been used as safe raw materials for drinking or as traditional medicines in Korea. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of ovalbumin-induced asthma in a mouse model. After establishing the model, mice were treated with a mixture of chrysanthemum and skullcap extracts at different mixing ratios (6 : 4, 7 : 3, and 8 : 2). Immune cell counts and the production of various inflammatory cytokines were measured using biochemical tests. Among the mixtures tested, the 7 : 3 ratio (CS73) showed the most pronounced effects. CS73 significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17E in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic mice. In addition, CS73 treatment significantly increased the production of IL-2 and interferon-γ and decreased the production of immunoglobulin E, histamine, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in asthmatic mice compared to the control group. Our results suggest that the combination of chrysanthemum and skullcap extracts, especially at a 7 : 3 ratio, can be used to improve bronchial health and contribute to improved public health.
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13
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Cazzola M, Ora J, Cavalli F, Rogliani P, Matera MG. An Overview of the Safety and Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Biologics 2021; 15:363-374. [PMID: 34475751 PMCID: PMC8407524 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s295409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several mAbs have been tested or are currently under clinical evaluation for the treatment of COPD. They can be subdivided into those that aim to block specific pro-inflammatory and pro-neutrophilic cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL8 and IL-1β, and those that act on T2-mediated inflammation, respectively, by blocking IL-5 and/or its receptor, preventing IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, affecting IL-33 pathway and blocking TSLP. None of these approaches has proved to be effective, probably because in COPD there is no dominant cytokine or chemokine and, therefore, a single mAb cannot be effective on all pathways. With a more in-depth understanding of the numerous pheno/endotypic pathways that play a role in COPD, it may eventually be possible to identify those specific patients in whom some of these cytokines or chemokines might predominate. In this case, it will be possible to implement a personalized treatment, but the use of each mAb will only be reserved for a very limited number of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Josuel Ora
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavalli
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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14
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Megli C, Morosky S, Rajasundaram D, Coyne CB. Inflammasome signaling in human placental trophoblasts regulates immune defense against Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Exp Med 2021; 218:152123. [PMID: 32976558 PMCID: PMC7953628 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human placenta is a dynamic organ that modulates physiological adaptations to pregnancy. To define the immunological signature of the human placenta, we performed unbiased profiling of secreted immune factors from human chorionic villi isolated from placentas at mid and late stages of pregnancy. We show that placental trophoblasts constitutively secrete the inflammasome-associated cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, which is blocked by NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors and occurs without detectable gasdermin D cleavage. We further show that placenta-derived IL-1β primes monocytes for inflammasome induction to protect against Listeria monocytogenes infection. Last, we show that the human placenta responds to L. monocytogenes infection through additional inflammasome activation and that inhibition of this pathway sensitizes villi to infection. Our results thus identify the inflammasome as an important mechanism by which the human placenta regulates systemic and local immunity during pregnancy to defend against L. monocytogenes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Megli
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stefanie Morosky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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15
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Meng J, Li Y, Fischer MJM, Steinhoff M, Chen W, Wang J. Th2 Modulation of Transient Receptor Potential Channels: An Unmet Therapeutic Intervention for Atopic Dermatitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696784. [PMID: 34276687 PMCID: PMC8278285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifaceted, chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease that affects people of all ages. It is characterized by chronic eczema, constant pruritus, and severe discomfort. AD often progresses from mild annoyance to intractable pruritic inflammatory lesions associated with exacerbated skin sensitivity. The T helper-2 (Th2) response is mainly linked to the acute and subacute phase, whereas Th1 response has been associated in addition with the chronic phase. IL-17, IL-22, TSLP, and IL-31 also play a role in AD. Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels play a significant role in neuroinflammation, itch and pain, indicating neuroimmune circuits in AD. However, the Th2-driven cutaneous sensitization of TRP channels is underappreciated. Emerging findings suggest that critical Th2-related cytokines cause potentiation of TRP channels, thereby exaggerating inflammation and itch sensation. Evidence involves the following: (i) IL-13 enhances TRPV1 and TRPA1 transcription levels; (ii) IL-31 sensitizes TRPV1 via transcriptional and channel modulation, and indirectly modulates TRPV3 in keratinocytes; (iii) The Th2-cytokine TSLP increases TRPA1 synthesis in sensory neurons. These changes could be further enhanced by other Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-25, and IL-33, which are inducers for IL-13, IL-31, or TSLP in skin. Taken together, this review highlights that Th2 cytokines potentiate TRP channels through diverse mechanisms under different inflammatory and pruritic conditions, and link this effect to distinct signaling cascades in AD. This review strengthens the notion that interrupting Th2-driven modulation of TRP channels will inhibit transition from acute to chronic AD, thereby aiding the development of effective therapeutics and treatment optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yanqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Michael J M Fischer
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Qatar University, College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiafu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Han NR, Ko SG, Moon PD, Park HJ. Chloroquine attenuates thymic stromal lymphopoietin production via suppressing caspase-1 signaling in mast cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111835. [PMID: 34146852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) produced by mast cells is involved in allergic inflammation pathogenesis. Chloroquine (CQ) is known to be an anti-malarial drug; however, additional protective functions of CQ have been discovered. This study aims to clarify an anti-inflammatory effect of CQ through modulating TSLP levels using an in vitro model of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) + A23187-activated human mast cell line (HMC-1) and an in vivo model of PMA-irritated ear edema. CQ treatment reduced the production and mRNA expression levels of TSLP in activated HMC-1 cells. CQ down-regulated caspase-1 (CASP1), MAPKs, and NF-κB levels enhanced by stimulation with PMA + A23187. Moreover, ear thickness in ear edema was suppressed following CQ treatment. CQ decreased CASP1 and NF-κB levels in the ear tissue. TSLP levels in the ear tissue and serum were reduced following CQ treatment. Collectively, the above findings elucidate that CQ inhibits the pro-inflammatory mechanisms of TSLP via the down-regulation of distinct intracellular signaling cascade in mast cells. Therefore, CQ may have protective roles against TSLP-mediated inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Pelaia C, Pelaia G, Crimi C, Maglio A, Gallelli L, Terracciano R, Vatrella A. Tezepelumab: A Potential New Biological Therapy for Severe Refractory Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094369. [PMID: 33922072 PMCID: PMC8122263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an innate cytokine, belonging to the group of alarmins, which plays a key pathogenic role in asthma by acting as an upstream activator of cellular and molecular pathways leading to type 2 (T2-high) airway inflammation. Released from airway epithelial cells upon tissue damage induced by several noxious agents including allergens, viruses, bacteria, and airborne pollutants, TSLP activates dendritic cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells involved in the pathobiology of T2-high asthma. Tezepelumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to TSLP, thereby preventing its interaction with the TSLP receptor complex. Preliminary results of randomized clinical trials suggest that tezepelumab is characterized by a good safety and efficacy profile in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-3647007; Fax: +39-0961-3647193
| | - Giulia Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Angelantonio Maglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.)
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18
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Malinczak CA, Parolia A, Fonseca W, Morris S, Rasky AJ, Bawa P, Zhang Y, Mire MM, Ziegler SF, Ptaschinski C, Chinnaiyan AM, Lukacs NW. TSLP-Driven Chromatin Remodeling and Trained Systemic Immunity after Neonatal Respiratory Viral Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1315-1328. [PMID: 33514510 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Our studies have previously shown a role for persistent TSLP production in the lungs of mice after early-life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection that leads to an altered immune phenotype, including accumulation of "inflammatory" dendritic cells (DC). This study investigates the role of TSLP driving systemic trained immunity in DC in early-life RSV-infected mice. Bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDC) from early-life RSV-infected mice at 4 wk postinfection showed enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokines, including Tslp, that regulate immune cell function. The adoptive transfer of BMDC grown from early-life RSV-infected mice was sufficient to exacerbate allergic disease development. The addition of recombinant TSLP during differentiation of BMDC from naive mice induced a similar altered phenotype as BMDC grown from early-life RSV-infected mice, suggesting a role for TSLP in the phenotypic changes. To assess the role of TSLP in these changes, global transcriptomic characterization of TSLPR-/- BMDC infected with RSV was performed and showed a higher upregulation of type 1 IFN genes and concomitant downregulation of inflammatory genes. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing analysis demonstrated that TSLPR-/- BMDC had a parallel gain in physical chromatin accessibility near type 1 genes and loss in accessibility near genes related to RSV pathology, with IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and STAT3 predicted as top transcription factors binding within differentially accessible regions in wild-type. Importantly, these studies show that in the absence of TSLP signaling, BMDC are able to mount an appropriate type 1 IFN-associated antiviral response to RSV. In summary, RSV-induced TSLP alters chromatin structure in DC to drive trained innate immunity and activates pathogenic gene programs in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhijit Parolia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Wendy Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Susan Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrew J Rasky
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Pushpinder Bawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mohamed M Mire
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Catherine Ptaschinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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19
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Lange P, Ahmed E, Lahmar ZM, Martinez FJ, Bourdin A. Natural history and mechanisms of COPD. Respirology 2021; 26:298-321. [PMID: 33506971 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of COPD is complex, and the disease is best understood as a syndrome resulting from numerous interacting factors throughout the life cycle with smoking being the strongest inciting feature. Unfortunately, diagnosis is often delayed with several longitudinal cohort studies shedding light on the long 'preclinical' period of COPD. It is now accepted that individuals presenting with different COPD phenotypes may experience varying natural history of their disease. This includes its inception, early stages and progression to established disease. Several scenarios regarding lung function course are possible, but it may conceptually be helpful to distinguish between individuals with normal maximally attained lung function in their early adulthood who thereafter experience faster than normal FEV1 decline, and those who may achieve a lower than normal maximally attained lung function. This may be the main mechanism behind COPD in the latter group, as the decline in FEV1 during their adult life may be normal or only slightly faster than normal. Regardless of the FEV1 trajectory, continuous smoking is strongly associated with disease progression, development of structural lung disease and poor prognosis. In developing countries, factors such as exposure to biomass and sequelae after tuberculosis may lead to a more airway-centred COPD phenotype than seen in smokers. Mechanistically, COPD is characterized by a combination of structural and inflammatory changes. It is unlikely that all patients share the same individual or combined mechanisms given the heterogeneity of resultant phenotypes. Lung explants, bronchial biopsies and other tissue studies have revealed important features. At the small airway level, progression of COPD is clinically imperceptible, and the pathological course of the disease is poorly described. Asthmatic features can further add confusion. However, the small airway epithelium is likely to represent a key focus of the disease, combining impaired subepithelial crosstalk and structural/inflammatory changes. Insufficient resolution of inflammatory processes may facilitate these changes. Pathologically, epithelial metaplasia, inversion of the goblet to ciliated cell ratio, enlargement of the submucosal glands and neutrophil and CD8-T-cell infiltration can be detected. Evidence of type 2 inflammation is gaining interest in the light of new therapeutic agents. Alarmin biology is a promising area that may permit control of inflammation and partial reversal of structural changes in COPD. Here, we review the latest work describing the development and progression of COPD with a focus on lung function trajectories, exacerbations and survival. We also review mechanisms focusing on epithelial changes associated with COPD and lack of resolution characterizing the underlying inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Engi Ahmed
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Zakaria Mohamed Lahmar
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
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20
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Andrea M, Susanna B, Francesca N, Enrico M, Alessandra V. The emerging role of type 2 inflammation in asthma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 17:63-71. [PMID: 33280431 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1860755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic airways inflammatory disease. Based on the biological mechanisms that underline the disease, asthma has been classified as type 2 or non-type 2 phenotype.Areas covered: An emerging role has been identified for group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) able to produce the classical type 2 cytokines. The role of Th2 cells and IL-4 is crucial in the pathogenesis of allergic BA as supported by asthma models. IL-13, shares many biological functions with IL-4 such as induction of IgE synthesis and regulation of eosinophil trafficking. However, IL-13 does not induce Th2 cell differentiation. The Authors reviewed evidence on the new concept of type 2 inflammation and the cellular and molecular network behind this process. Literature data in the PubMed were analyzed for peer-reviewed articles published until September 2020.Expert opinion: The current trend is to consider Th2- and ILC2-driven pathways as two separate pathogenic mechanisms, recent data underscore that adaptive Th2- and innate cell responses represent two integrated systems in the production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 leading to the current 'concept' of type 2 inflammation. This review highlights the role of Th2 cells and ILC2 in the recent new concept of type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matucci Andrea
- Immunoallergology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Bormioli Susanna
- Immunology and Cellular Therapy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Nencini Francesca
- Immunoallergology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Maggi Enrico
- Immunology Department, Children Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vultaggio Alessandra
- Immunoallergology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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21
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Maggi E, Veneziani I, Moretta L, Cosmi L, Annunziato F. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113452. [PMID: 33233582 PMCID: PMC7699723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) belong to the family of helper ILCs which provide host defense against infectious agents, participate in inflammatory responses and mediate lymphoid organogenesis and tissue repair, mainly at the skin and mucosal level. Based on their transcriptional, phenotypic and functional profile, ILC2s mirror the features of the adaptive CD4+ Th2 cell subset, both contributing to the so-called type 2 immune response. Similar to other ILCs, ILC2s are rapidly activated by signals deriving from tissue and/or other tissue-resident immune cells. The biologic activity of ILCs needs to be tightly regulated in order to prevent them from contributing to severe inflammation and damage in several organs. Indeed, ILC2s display both enhancing and regulatory roles in several pathophysiological conditions, including tumors. In this review, we summarize the actual knowledge about ILC2s ability to induce or impair a protective immune response, their pro- or antitumor activity in murine models, human (children and adults) pathologies and the potential strategies to improve cancer immunotherapy by exploiting the features of ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maggi
- Immunology Department, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-6859-3617
| | - Irene Veneziani
- Immunology Department, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Department, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.A.)
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22
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Paplinska-Goryca M, Misiukiewicz-Stepien P, Proboszcz M, Nejman-Gryz P, Gorska K, Krenke R. The Expressions of TSLP, IL-33, and IL-17A in Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells from Asthma and COPD Patients are Related to Epithelial-Macrophage Interactions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091944. [PMID: 32842623 PMCID: PMC7565129 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cross-talk between the external and internal environment in the respiratory tract involves macrophage/dendritic cell (DC) transepithelial network. Epithelium triggers dendritic cell-mediated inflammation by producing thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-17A. The study aimed to evaluate the expression of TSLP, IL-33, and IL-17A in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) co-cultured with respiratory epithelium and monocyte derived macrophages (moMφs) in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy controls. METHODS The study used a triple-cell co-culture model, utilizing nasal epithelial cells, along with moMφs and moDCs. Cells were cultured in mono-, di-, and triple-co-cultures for 24 h. RESULTS Co-culture with epithelium and moMφs significantly increased TSLP in asthma and did not change IL-33 and IL-17A mRNA expression in moDCs. moDCs from asthmatics were characterized by the highest TSLP mRNA expression and the richest population of TSLPR, ST2, and IL17RA expressed cells. A high number of positive correlations between the assessed cytokines and CHI3L1, IL-12p40, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF in moDCs was observed in asthma and COPD. CONCLUSION TSLP, IL-33, and IL-17A expression in moDCs are differently regulated by epithelium in asthma, COPD, and healthy subjects. These complex cell-cell interactions may impact airway inflammation and be an important factor in the pathobiology of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Paplinska-Goryca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (P.N.-G.); (K.G.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225991241; Fax +48-225991561
| | | | - Malgorzata Proboszcz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (P.N.-G.); (K.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Patrycja Nejman-Gryz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (P.N.-G.); (K.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Gorska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (P.N.-G.); (K.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Rafal Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.P.); (P.N.-G.); (K.G.); (R.K.)
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23
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Gauvreau GM, Sehmi R, Ambrose CS, Griffiths JM. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin: its role and potential as a therapeutic target in asthma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:777-792. [PMID: 32567399 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1783242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial cytokine (alarmin), is a central regulator of the immune response to inhaled environmental insults such as allergens, viruses and pollutants, initiating a cascade of downstream inflammation. There is compelling evidence that TSLP plays a major role in the pathology of asthma, and therapies that aim to block its activity are in development. AREAS COVERED We review studies conducted in humans and human cells, largely published in PubMed January 2010-October 2019, that investigated the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms of TSLP in asthma relevant to type 2-driven (eosinophilic/allergic) inflammation and non-type 2-driven (non-eosinophilic/non-allergic) inflammation, and the role of TSLP as a mediator between immune cells and structural cells in the airway. Clinical data from studies evaluating TSLP blockade are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The position of TSLP at the top of the inflammatory cascade makes it a promising therapeutic target in asthma. Systemic anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody therapy with tezepelumab has yielded positive results in clinical trials to date, reducing exacerbations and biomarkers of inflammation in patients across the spectrum of inflammatory endotypes. Inhaled anti-TSLP is an alternative route currently under evaluation. The long-term safety and efficacy of TSLP blockade need to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail M Gauvreau
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roma Sehmi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Janet M Griffiths
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D , Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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24
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Steinmetz M, Laurans L, Nordsiek S, Weiß L, van der Veken B, Ponnuswamy P, Esposito B, Vandestienne M, Giraud A, Göbbel C, Steffen E, Radecke T, Potteaux S, Nickenig G, Rassaf T, Tedgui A, Mallat Z. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is a key cytokine for the immunomodulation of atherogenesis with Freund's adjuvant. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5731-5739. [PMID: 32285594 PMCID: PMC7214169 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses regulate the development of atherosclerosis, with a detrimental effect of type 1 but a protective role of type 2 immune responses. Immunization of Apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice with Freund's adjuvant inhibits the development of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an IL7‐like cytokine with essential impact on type 2 immune responses (Th2). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is strongly expressed in epithelial cells of the skin, but also in various immune cells following appropriate stimulation. In this study, we investigated whether TSLP may be crucial for the anti‐atherogenic effect of Freund's adjuvant. Subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) rapidly led to the expression of TSLP and IL1β at the site of injection. In male mice, CFA‐induced TSLP occurred in immigrated monocytes—and not epithelial cells—and was dependent on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1β‐signalling. In females, CFA‐induced TSLP was independent of IL1β and upon ovariectomy. CFA/OVA led to a more pronounced imbalance of the T cell response in TSLPR−/− mice, with increased INFγ/IL4 ratio compared with wild‐type controls. To test whether TSLP contributes to the anti‐atherogenic effects of Freund's adjuvant, we treated ApoE−/− and ApoE−/−/TSLPR−/− mice with either CFA/IFA or PBS. ApoE−/− mice showed less atherogenesis upon CFA/IFA compared with PBS injections. ApoE−/−/TSLPR−/− mice had no attenuation of atherogenesis upon CFA/IFA treatment. Freund's adjuvant executes significant immune‐modulating effects via TSLP induction. TSLP‐TSLPR signalling is critical for CFA/IFA‐mediated attenuation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinmetz
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.,Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ludivine Laurans
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Nordsiek
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Weiß
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Bruno Esposito
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France
| | | | - Andreas Giraud
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Göbbel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Steffen
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Radecke
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Georg Nickenig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alain Tedgui
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Shubin NJ, Clauson M, Niino K, Kasprzak V, Tsuha A, Guga E, Bhise G, Acharya M, Snyder JM, Debley JS, Ziegler SF, Piliponsky AM. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin protects in a model of airway damage and inflammation via regulation of caspase-1 activity and apoptosis inhibition. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:584-594. [PMID: 32103153 PMCID: PMC7312418 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial cell-derived cytokine, exhibits both pro-inflammatory and pro-homeostatic properties depending on the context and tissues in which it is expressed. It remains unknown whether TSLP has a similar dual role in the airways, where TSLP is known to promote allergic inflammation. Here we show that TSLP receptor (TSLPR)-deficient mice (Tslpr-/-) and mice treated with anti-TSLP antibodies exhibited increased airway inflammation and morbidity rates after bleomycin-induced tissue damage. We found that signaling through TSLPR on non-hematopoietic cells was sufficient for TSLP's protective function. Consistent with this finding, we showed that TSLP reduces caspase-1 and caspase-3 activity levels in primary human bronchial epithelial cells treated with bleomycin via Bcl-xL up-regulation. These observations were recapitulated in vivo by observing that Tslpr-/- mice showed reduced Bcl-xL expression that paralleled increased lung caspase-1 and caspase-3 activity levels and IL-1β concentrations in the bronchial-alveolar lavage fluid. Our studies reveal a novel contribution for TSLP in preventing damage-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Shubin
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Morgan Clauson
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Kerri Niino
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Victoria Kasprzak
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Avery Tsuha
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Eric Guga
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Gauri Bhise
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Manasa Acharya
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Jessica M. Snyder
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Jason S. Debley
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA ,0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
| | - Steven F. Ziegler
- 0000 0001 2219 0587grid.416879.5Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101 USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Adrian M. Piliponsky
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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26
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Meng J, Wang J, Buddenkotte J, Buhl T, Steinhoff M. Role of SNAREs in Atopic Dermatitis–Related Cytokine Secretion and Skin-Nerve Communication. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2324-2333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Cai LM, Zhou YQ, Yang LF, Qu JX, Dai ZY, Li HT, Pan L, Ye HQ, Chen ZG. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induced early stage of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human bronchial epithelial cells through upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 1. Exp Lung Res 2019; 45:221-235. [PMID: 31378088 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2019.1646841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) involved in asthmatic airway remodeling. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial-derived cytokine, was a key component in airway immunological response in asthma. But the role of TSLP in the EMT process was unknown. We aimed to access whether TSLP could induce EMT in airway epithelia and its potential mechanism. Materials and Methods: Human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were incubated with TSLP or transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) or both. SB431542 was used to block TGF-β1 signal while TSLP siRNA was used to performed TSLP knockdown. Changes in E-cadherin, vimentin, collagen I and fibronectin level were measured by real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Expressions of TGF-β after TSLP administration were measured by real-time PCR, western blot and ELISA. Results: TSLP induced changes of EMT relevant markers alone and promoted TGF-β1-induced EMT in HBEs. Intracellular and extracellular expression of TGF-β1 were upregulated by TSLP. SB431542 blocked changes of EMT relevant markers induced by TSLP. Knockdown of TSLP not only reduced TSLP and TGF-β1 expression but also inhibited changes of EMT relevant markers induced by TGF-β1 in HBEs. Conclusions: TSLP could induce early stage of EMT in airway epithelial cells through upregulation of TGF-β1. This effect may act as a targeting point for suppression of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Ming Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li-Fen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jing-Xin Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hui-Qing Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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28
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Lin SC, Shi LS, Ye YL. Advanced Molecular Knowledge of Therapeutic Drugs and Natural Products Focusing on Inflammatory Cytokines in Asthma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070685. [PMID: 31284537 PMCID: PMC6678278 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common respiratory disease worldwide. Cytokines play a crucial role in the immune system and the inflammatory response to asthma. Abnormal cytokine expression may lead to the development of asthma, which may contribute to pathologies of this disease. As cytokines exhibit pleiotropy and redundancy characteristics, we summarized them according to their biologic activity in asthma development. We classified cytokines in three stages as follows: Group 1 cytokines for the epithelial environment stage, Group 2 cytokines for the Th2 polarization stage, and Group 3 cytokines for the tissue damage stage. The recent cytokine-targeting therapy for clinical use (anti-cytokine antibody/anti-cytokine receptor antibody) and traditional medicinal herbs (pure compounds, single herb, or natural formula) have been discussed in this review. Studies of the Group 2 anti-cytokine/anti-cytokine receptor therapies are more prominent than the studies of the other two groups. Anti-cytokine antibodies/anti-cytokine receptor antibodies for clinical use can be applied for patients who did not respond to standard treatments. For traditional medicinal herbs, anti-asthmatic bioactive compounds derived from medicinal herbs can be divided into five classes: alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, and terpenoids. However, the exact pathways targeted by these natural compounds need to be clarified. Using relevant knowledge to develop more comprehensive strategies may provide appropriate treatment for patients with asthma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Li-Shian Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Ye
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63201, Taiwan.
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29
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Elder MJ, Webster SJ, Fitzmaurice TJ, Shaunak ASD, Steinmetz M, Chee R, Mallat Z, Cohen ES, Williams DL, Gaston JSH, Goodall JC. Dendritic Cell-Derived TSLP Negatively Regulates HIF-1α and IL-1β During Dectin-1 Signaling. Front Immunol 2019; 10:921. [PMID: 31139177 PMCID: PMC6519317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a functionally pleotropic cytokine important in immune regulation, and TSLP dysregulation is associated with numerous diseases. TSLP is produced by many cell types, but has predominantly been characterized as a secreted factor from epithelial cells which activates dendritic cells (DC) that subsequently prime T helper (TH) 2 immunity. However, DC themselves make significant amounts of TSLP in response to microbial products, but the functional role of DC-derived TSLP remains unclear. We show that TSLPR signaling negatively regulates IL-1β production during dectin-1 stimulation of human DC. This regulatory mechanism functions by dampening Syk phosphorylation and is mediated via NADPH oxidase-derived ROS, HIF-1α and pro-IL-1β expression. Considering the profound effect TSLPR signaling has on the metabolic status and the secretome of dectin-1 stimulated DC, these data suggest that autocrine TSLPR signaling could have a fundamental role in modulating immunological effector responses at sites removed from epithelial cell production of TSLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Elder
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Early Oncology R&D Division, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steve J. Webster
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Fitzmaurice
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aran S. D. Shaunak
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Steinmetz
- Unit 970, INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Ronnie Chee
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E. Suzanne Cohen
- Biopharmaceutical Research Division, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery, Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - J. S. Hill Gaston
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jane C. Goodall
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Jane C. Goodall
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30
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The Dynamics of the Skin's Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081811. [PMID: 31013709 PMCID: PMC6515324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex organ that has devised numerous strategies, such as physical, chemical, and microbiological barriers, to protect the host from external insults. In addition, the skin contains an intricate network of immune cells resident to the tissue, crucial for host defense as well as tissue homeostasis. In the event of an insult, the skin-resident immune cells are crucial not only for prevention of infection but also for tissue reconstruction. Deregulation of immune responses often leads to impaired healing and poor tissue restoration and function. In this review, we will discuss the defensive components of the skin and focus on the function of skin-resident immune cells in homeostasis and their role in wound healing.
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31
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Sex-associated TSLP-induced immune alterations following early-life RSV infection leads to enhanced allergic disease. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:969-979. [PMID: 31076663 PMCID: PMC6599479 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have linked severe RSV infection during early-life with an enhanced likelihood of developing childhood asthma, showing a greater susceptibility in boys. Our studies show that early-life RSV infection leads to differential long-term effects based upon the sex of the neonate; leaving male mice prone to exacerbation upon secondary allergen exposure while overall protecting female mice. During initial viral infection, we observed better viral control in the female mice with correlative expression of interferon-β that was not observed in male mice. Additionally, we observed persistent immune alterations in male mice at 4 weeks post infection. These alterations include Th2 and Th17-skewing, innate cytokine expression (Tslp and Il33), and infiltration of innate immune cells (DC and ILC2). Upon exposure to allergen, beginning at 4 weeks following early-life RSV-infection, male mice show severe allergic exacerbation while female mice appear to be protected. Due to persistent expression of TSLP following early-life RSV infection in male mice, genetically modified TSLPR-/- mice were evaluated and demonstrated an abrogation of allergen exacerbation in male mice. These data indicate that TSLP is involved in the altered immune environment following neonatal RSV-infection that leads to more severe responses in males during allergy exposure, later in life. Thus, TSLP may be a clinically relevant therapeutic target early in life.
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32
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The Inflammatory Response to Enterotoxigenic E. coli and Probiotic E. faecium in a Coculture Model of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial and Dendritic Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9368295. [PMID: 30670931 PMCID: PMC6317115 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9368295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut epithelium constitutes an interface between the intestinal contents and the underlying gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) including dendritic cells (DC). Interactions of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and resident DC are characterized by bidirectional crosstalk mediated by various factors, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). In the present study, we aimed (1) to model the interplay of both cell types in a porcine in vitro coculture consisting of IEC (cell line IPEC-J2) and monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) and (2) to assess whether immune responses to bacteria are altered because of the interplay between IPEC-J2 cells and MoDC. With regard to the latter, we focused on the inflammasome pathway. Here, we propose caspase-13 as a promising candidate for the noncanonical inflammasome activation in pigs. We conducted challenge experiments with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and probiotic Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) NCIMB 10415. As potential mediators of IEC/DC interactions, TGF-β and TSLP were selected for analyses. Cocultured MoDC showed attenuated ETEC-induced inflammasome-related and proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-8 reactions compared with MoDC monocultures. Caspase-13 was more strongly expressed in IPEC-J2 cells cocultured with MoDC and upon ETEC incubation. We found that IPEC-J2 cells and MoDC were capable of releasing TSLP. The latter cells secreted greater amounts of TSLP when cocultured with IPEC-J2 cells. TGF-β was not modulated under the present experimental conditions in either cell types. We conclude that, in the presence of IPEC-J2 cells, porcine MoDC exhibited a more tolerogenic phenotype, which might be partially regulated by autocrine TSLP production. Noncanonical inflammasome signaling appeared to be modulated in IPEC-J2 cells. Our results indicate that the reciprocal interplay of the intestinal epithelium and GALT is essential for promoting balanced immune responses.
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33
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Whiteoak SR, Claridge A, Balendran CA, Harris RJ, Gwiggner M, Bondanese VP, Erlandsson F, Hansen MB, Cummings JRF, Sanchez-Elsner T. MicroRNA-31 Targets Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in Mucosal Infiltrated CD4+ T Cells: A Role in Achieving Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:2377-2385. [PMID: 29889228 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by disruption of the mucosal intestinal barrier. MicroRNAs, single-stranded noncoding RNAs of approximately 22nt, are dysregulated in UC. MicroRNAs targeting thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine involved in T-cell maturation and polarization, may be involved in regulating UC inflammation and mucosal healing. METHODS Biopsy samples from non-UC (n = 38), inactive UC (n = 18), and active UC (n = 23) patients were analyzed for mRNA (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction) or TSLP protein expression (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Flow cytometry was used to isolate CD4+ T cells from biopsies. The functional mechanism was shown using luciferase assays and antago-miR transfections. The TSLP/miR-31 association was analyzed on 196 subjects from a previous clinical trial that tested the anti-IL-13 drug tralokinumab, whereas mucosal healing effects were studied on a subset of patients (n = 13) from this trial. RESULTS We found that TSLP is reduced at both mRNA and protein levels in inflamed UC patients when compared with healthy subjects, in both whole biopsies and biopsy-isolated CD4+ CD25+ T cells. The expression of miR-31, predicted to target TSLP, inversely co-related to the levels of TSLP mRNA in T cells. Blocking miR-31 in vitro in T cells increased both TSLP mRNA expression and protein secretion. Luciferase assays showed that miR-31 directly targeted TSLP mRNA, suggesting a direct mechanistic link. We also found that TSLP is increased in patients who achieve mucosal healing, comparing biopsies before and after treatment from the tralokinumab trial. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a role for TSLP in promoting mucosal healing and regulating inflammation in UC, whereas miR-31 can directly block this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Whiteoak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Claridge
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard J Harris
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Gwiggner
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Victor P Bondanese
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Berner Hansen
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden.,Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J R Fraser Cummings
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tilman Sanchez-Elsner
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Rochman Y, Dienger-Stambaugh K, Richgels PK, Lewkowich IP, Kartashov AV, Barski A, Khurana Hershey GK, Leonard WJ, Singh H. TSLP signaling in CD4 + T cells programs a pathogenic T helper 2 cell state. Sci Signal 2018. [PMID: 29535264 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam8858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic T helper 2 (TH2) cells, which produce increased amounts of the cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13, promote allergic disorders, including asthma. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine secreted by epithelial and innate immune cells, stimulates such pathogenic TH2 cell responses. We found that TSLP signaling in mouse CD4+ T cells initiated transcriptional changes associated with TH2 cell programming. IL-4 signaling amplified and stabilized the genomic response of T cells to TSLP, which increased the frequency of T cells producing IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Furthermore, the TSLP- and IL-4-programmed TH2 cells had a pathogenic phenotype, producing greater amounts of IL-5 and IL-13 and other proinflammatory cytokines than did TH2 cells stimulated with IL-4 alone. TSLP-mediated TH2 cell induction involved distinct molecular pathways, including activation of the transcription factor STAT5 through the kinase JAK2 and repression of the transcription factor BCL6. Mice that received wild-type CD4+ T cells had exacerbated pathogenic TH2 cell responses upon exposure to house dust mites compared to mice that received TSLP receptor-deficient CD4+ T cells. Transient TSLP signaling stably programmed pathogenic potential in memory TH2 cells. In human CD4+ T cells, TSLP and IL-4 promoted the generation of TH2 cells that produced greater amounts of IL-5 and IL-13. Compared to healthy controls, asthmatic children showed enhancement of such T cell responses in peripheral blood. Our data support a sequential cytokine model for pathogenic TH2 cell differentiation and provide a mechanistic basis for the therapeutic targeting of TSLP signaling in human allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yrina Rochman
- Division of Immunobiology and the Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. .,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Krista Dienger-Stambaugh
- Division of Immunobiology and the Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Phoebe K Richgels
- Division of Immunobiology and the Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ian P Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology and the Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrey V Kartashov
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Artem Barski
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Division of Immunobiology and the Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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35
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Jennelle LT, Dandekar AP, Magoro T, Hahn YS. Immunometabolic Signaling Pathways Contribute to Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Function. Crit Rev Immunol 2018; 36:379-394. [PMID: 28605345 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2017018803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of antigen-presenting cell (APC) participation in tissue inflammation and metabolism has advanced through numerous studies using systems biology approaches. Previously unrecognized connections between these research areas have been elucidated in the context of inflammatory disease involving innate and adaptive immune responses. A new conceptual framework bridges APC biology, metabolism, and cytokines in the generation of effective T-cell responses. Exploring these connections is paramount to addressing the rising tide of multi-organ system diseases, particularly chronic diseases associated with metabolic syndrome, infection, and cancer. Focused research in these areas will aid the development of strategies to harness and manipulate innate immunology to improve vaccine development, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor therapies. This review highlights recent advances in APC "immunometabolism" specifically related to chronic viral and metabolic disease in humans. The goal of this review is to develop an abridged and consolidated outlook on recent thematic updates to APC immunometabolism in the areas of regulation and crosstalk between metabolic and inflammatory signaling and the integrated stress response and how these signals dictate APC function in providing T-cell activation Signal 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T Jennelle
- Department of Microbiology, Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Aditya P Dandekar
- Department of Microbiology, Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tshifhiwa Magoro
- Department of Microbiology, Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Young S Hahn
- Department of Microbiology, Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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36
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Cavagnero K, Doherty TA. Cytokine and Lipid Mediator Regulation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) in Human Allergic Airway Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2. [PMID: 28959799 PMCID: PMC5614509 DOI: 10.4172/2576-3881.1000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) has caused a paradigm shift in the understanding of allergic airway disease pathogenesis. Prior to the discovery of ILC2s, Th2 cells were largely thought to be the primary source of type 2 cytokines; however, activated ILC2s have since been shown to contribute significantly, and in some cases, dominantly to type 2 cytokine production. Since the discovery of ILC2s in 2010, many mediators have been shown to regulate their effector functions. Initial studies identified the epithelial derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP as activators of ILC2s, and recent studies have identified many additional cytokine and lipid mediators that are involved in ILC2 regulation. ILC2s and their mediators represent novel therapeutic targets for allergic airway diseases and intensive investigation is underway to better understand ILC2 biology and upstream and downstream pathways that lead to ILC2-driven airway pathology. In this review, we will focus on the cytokine and lipid mediators that regulate ILC2s in human allergic airway disease, as well as highlight newly discovered mediators of mouse ILC2s that may eventually translate to humans.
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37
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Elder MJ, Webster SJ, Chee R, Williams DL, Hill Gaston JS, Goodall JC. β-Glucan Size Controls Dectin-1-Mediated Immune Responses in Human Dendritic Cells by Regulating IL-1β Production. Front Immunol 2017; 8:791. [PMID: 28736555 PMCID: PMC5500631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dectin-1/CLEC7A is a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes β-1,3 glucans, and its stimulation initiates signaling events characterized by the production of inflammatory cytokines from human dendritic cells (DCs) required for antifungal immunity. β-glucans differ greatly in size, structure, and ability to activate effector immune responses from DC; as such, small particulate β-glucans are thought to be poor activators of innate immunity. We show that β-glucan particle size is a critical factor contributing to the secretion of cytokines from human DC; large β-glucan-stimulated DC generate significantly more IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-23 compared to those stimulated with the smaller β-glucans. In marked contrast, the secretion of TSLP and CCL22 were found to be insensitive to β-glucan particle size. Furthermore, we show that the capacity to induce phagocytosis, and the relative IL-1β production determined by β-glucan size, regulates the composition of the cytokine milieu generated from DC. This suggests that β-glucan particle size is critically important in orchestrating the nature of the immune response to fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Elder
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steve J Webster
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ronnie Chee
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery and Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - J S Hill Gaston
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jane C Goodall
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in the pathogenesis of lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). METHODS Nucleus pulposus tissues were collected from 77 LDD patients (the case group), in addition, normal tissues were extracted from 21 patients suffering from lumbar fractures (the control group). Immunohistochemistry was applied in order to detect TSLP positive expression. In accordance with varying transfection, the cells were divided into TSLP-siRNA, TSLP-siRNA + TSLPR-siRNA, control, blank, anti-TSLPR, and IgG groups. Western blotting was used in order to detect TSLP expression in tissues, and TSLP and type II collagen (COL2AL) in cell culture media were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell viability was measured using a MTT assay. Aggrecan levels were detected using antonopulos, and cell apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS TSLP-positive expression was found to be significantly higher in the case group compared with the control group. LDD patients' Pfirrmann grades and preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were associated with TSLP-positive rate. Cells transfected with TSLP-siRNA and TSLPR-siRNA plasmids exhibited lower TSLP and thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) protein expression compared with the control and blank groups. Compared with the control and blank groups, there was significantly higher cell viability, lower cell apoptosis, and higher COL2AL and Aggrecan levels in the TSLP-siRNA, anti-TSLPR, and TSLP-siRNA+TSLPR-siRNA groups; there were significant differences between the TSLP-siRNA, anti-TSLPR, and TSLP-siRNA+TSLPR-siRNA groups and IgG group (all P < .05) CONCLUSION:: Our study provides evidence for the hypothesis that TSLP could reflect the histological severity of LDD, and TSLP-siRNA and, TSLPR-siRNA could inhibit apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells. The evident information obtained from the investigation could lead the way for new therapeutic approaches regarding LDD treatment.
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Detection of a microbial metabolite by STING regulates inflammasome activation in response to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006383. [PMID: 28570638 PMCID: PMC5453623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is a critical component of host defence against microbial pathogens, but effective responses require an ability to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious insult to prevent inappropriate inflammation. Using the important obligate intracellular human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis; an organism that causes significant immunopathology, we sought to determine critical host and pathogen factors that contribute to the induction of inflammasome activation. We assayed inflammasome activation by immunoblotting and ELISA to detect IL-1β processing and LDH release to determine pyroptosis. Using primary murine bone marrow derived macrophages or human monocyte derived dendritic cells, infected with live or attenuated Chlamydia trachomatis we report that the live organism activates both canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes, but only canonical inflammasomes controlled IL-1β processing which preceded pyroptosis. NADPH oxidase deficient macrophages were permissive to Chlamydia trachomatis replication and displayed elevated type-1 interferon and inflammasome activation. Conversely, attenuated, non-replicating Chlamydia trachomatis, primed but did not activate inflammasomes and stimulated reduced type-1 interferon responses. This suggested bacterial replication or metabolism as important factors that determine interferon responses and inflammasome activation. We identified STING but not cGAS as a central mediator of interferon regulated inflammasome activation. Interestingly, exogenous delivery of a Chlamydia trachomatis metabolite and STING ligand—cyclic di-AMP, recovered inflammasome activation to attenuated bacteria in a STING dependent manner thus indicating that a bacterial metabolite is a key factor initiating inflammasome activation through STING, independent of cGAS. These data suggest a potential mechanism of how the innate immune system can distinguish between infectious and non-infectious insult and instigate appropriate immune responses that could be therapeutically targeted. Innate responses to bacterial infection such as Chlamydia trachomatis activate inflammasomes to enable the processing of IL-1β, IL-18 and the induction of an inflammatory form of cell death termed pyroptosis. Inflammasomes are crucial to host defence but require tight regulation in order to prevent inappropriate inflammation and immunopathology. Here, we demonstrate that the pro-inflammatory potential of an attenuated strain of Chlamydia trachomatis, that fails to activate the inflammasome, can be rescued by the addition of a bacterial metabolite. The requirement for this metabolite, highlights a novel mechanism of inflammasome regulation and reveals a crucial role for STING mediated interferon signalling independent of cGAS. These findings further our understanding of how the innate immune system can differentiate between potential infectious and non-infectious threats and mount appropriate immune responses.
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40
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Haas T, Heidegger S, Wintges A, Bscheider M, Bek S, Fischer JC, Eisenkolb G, Schmickl M, Spoerl S, Peschel C, Poeck H, Ruland J. Card9 controls Dectin-1-induced T-cell cytotoxicity and tumor growth in mice. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:872-879. [PMID: 28295265 PMCID: PMC5434796 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the C‐type lectin receptor Dectin‐1 by β‐glucans triggers multiple signals within DCs that result in activation of innate immunity. While these mechanisms can potently prime CD8+ cytotoxic T‐cell (CTL) responses without additional adjuvants, the Dectin‐1 effector pathways that control CTL induction remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that Dectin‐1‐induced CTL cross‐priming in mice does not require inflammasome activation but strictly depends on the adapter protein Card9 in vitro. In vivo, Dectin‐1‐mediated Card9 activation after vaccination drives both expansion and activation of Ag‐specific CTLs, resulting in long‐lasting CTL responses that are sufficient to protect mice from tumor challenge. This Dectin‐1‐induced antitumor immune response was independent of NK cell function and completely abrogated in Card9‐deficient mice. Thus, our results demonstrate that Dectin‐1‐triggered Card9 signaling but not inflammasome activation can potently cross‐prime Ag‐specific CTLs, suggesting that this pathway would be a candidate for immunotherapy and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Haas
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Heidegger
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Wintges
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Bscheider
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Bek
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julius C Fischer
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriel Eisenkolb
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schmickl
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Spoerl
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Peschel
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
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41
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Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was identified more than 20 years ago as a secreted factor of a mouse thymic stromal cell line; later, a human orthologue was also identified. The signaling pathway triggered by TSLP has been extensively studied, and upregulation of the cytokine itself is linked to the pathogenesis of numerous Th2-related diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic responses, as well as certain types of cancers. On the other hand, TSLP mediates several immune homeostatic functions in both the gut and the thymus. Thus, a paradox occurs; why is TSLP homeostatic in certain tissues and a hallmark of exacerbated Th2 responses in the aforementioned pathologies? We and others have recently shown that in humans a novel isoform exists; this is a shorter isoform of TSLP whose expression is constitutive and controlled by a separate promoter. Short TSLP isoform mediates the homeostatic functions, whereas the long isoform is expressed at low/undetectable level at steady state and upregulated during inflammation in several tissues. Here we review the most recent data concerning the differential expression of the 2 isoforms and provide a potential explanation to the paradox. TSLP is regarded as a promising target for treatment of relevant pathologies, with a number of clinical trials already underway. It is important to design new strategies aimed at leaving intact the homeostatic effects of the short isoform while targeting the inflammatory effects of the long isoform.
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Key Words
- Atopic Diseases
- DC, dendritic cell
- Gut Homeostasis
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- ILC, innate lymphoid cells
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin
- TSLPR, thymic stromal lymphopoietin protein receptor
- Therapeutic Targets
- Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
- Treg, regulatory T cells
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Zhang Y, Luo Y, Li W, Liu J, Chen M, Gu H, Wang B, Yao X. DC-SIGN promotes allergen uptake and activation of dendritic cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:128-136. [PMID: 27554335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease, concomitant with allergic reactions to allergens. However, the exact mechanisms of allergen-induced immune responses in AD are not clear. The aim of this study is to explore the role of DC-SIGN in capturing and processing glycan-containing allergens and in the subsequent DC activation and T helper cell polarization in AD patients. METHODS DC-SIGN expression on DCs from AD patients was analysed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. DC-SIGN binding to common allergens was determined by ELISA. Activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) by allergens was analysed by evaluation of pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and their impact on T-cell responses was investigated by a DC-T cell coculture. RESULTS DC-SIGN expression was higher on DCs in the lesional skin of AD patients compared with that of healthy controls and was correlated with disease severity. DC-SIGN could bind to many common allergens including house dust mite allergen (Der p2) and egg white allergen (Gal d2). Mo-DCs showed measurable expression of DC-SIGN and a concentration-dependent uptake of Der p2 and Gal d2, which was inhibited by mannan and anti-DC-SIGN Abs. Der p2 and Gal d2 induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, by DCs from AD patients and facilitated Th2 and Th22 cell polarization. CONCLUSIONS Binding of common allergens by DC-SIGN on DCs may initiate allergen sensitization of AD or provoke the relapse of AD. Regulating the allergen-DC-SIGN interaction might be a promising strategy to prevent or intervene in the progress of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Y Luo
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - W Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Drumtower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - M Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - H Gu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - B Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
| | - X Yao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
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