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Donato F, Donati T, Minelli F, Borghetti A, Minucci M, Luparelli A, Tinelli G, Tshomba Y. Treatment of Aorto-iliac and Infrainguinal Vascular Infections with a Prefabricated Bovine Pericardial Graft. Ann Vasc Surg 2024; 105:177-188. [PMID: 38599483 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of biological grafts provides acceptable mid- and long-term results in native or prosthetic vascular infections. Several reports describe the successful use of bovine pericardium in case of vascular infections, mainly as a large patch to be sutured as a tubular graft. Recently, a novel prefabricated bovine pericardium graft (Biointegral Surgical No-React® Inc, Mississauga, ON, Canada) has been introduced in clinical practice with promising results. In this study, we report our preliminary experience utilizing Biointegral Surgical graft in case of native and or prosthetic aorto-iliac and infrainguinal infection. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 20 patients with native or prosthetic aorto-iliac and infrainguinal infection who underwent in situ reconstruction (ISR) with a Biointegral Surgical No-React bovine pericardium prosthesis between October 2020 and February 2023 at the Vascular Surgery Unit of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli - IRCCS in Rome, Italy. All patients followed a standardized protocol including postoperative anticoagulation and long-term intravenous antibiotics. RESULTS The indication for surgery was: mycotic aortic aneurysm in 4 patients (20%), graft infection after abdominal aortic repair in 11 patients (55%), peripheral graft infection in 5 patients (25%). Complete excision of the infected aorta or prosthetic graft, surgical debridement and ISR were performed in all patients. Hospital mortality rate was 5% (n = 1) and graft-related mortality of 0%. During follow-up (median 13 months, range 6-34 months), reinfection was 5.2% and primary graft patency 94.7%. CONCLUSIONS The use of prefabricated bovine pericardial grafts represents a promising option for the treatment of native and prosthetic aorto-iliac and infrainguinal infections. The application of this biological graft with a standardized postoperative protocol has been associated with a satisfactory patency and reinfection rate without increased bleeding complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Donato
- Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Donati
- Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Minelli
- Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Borghetti
- Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Minucci
- Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Luparelli
- Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tinelli
- Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Yamume Tshomba
- Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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2
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Zarate-Sanchez E, George SC, Moya ML, Robertson C. Vascular dysfunction in hemorrhagic viral fevers: opportunities for organotypic modeling. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032008. [PMID: 38749416 PMCID: PMC11151171 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad4c0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The hemorrhagic fever viruses (HFVs) cause severe or fatal infections in humans. Named after their common symptom hemorrhage, these viruses induce significant vascular dysfunction by affecting endothelial cells, altering immunity, and disrupting the clotting system. Despite advances in treatments, such as cytokine blocking therapies, disease modifying treatment for this class of pathogen remains elusive. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of these infections could provide new avenues to treatment. While animal models and traditional 2D cell cultures have contributed insight into the mechanisms by which these pathogens affect the vasculature, these models fall short in replicatingin vivohuman vascular dynamics. The emergence of microphysiological systems (MPSs) offers promising avenues for modeling these complex interactions. These MPS or 'organ-on-chip' models present opportunities to better mimic human vascular responses and thus aid in treatment development. In this review, we explore the impact of HFV on the vasculature by causing endothelial dysfunction, blood clotting irregularities, and immune dysregulation. We highlight how existing MPS have elucidated features of HFV pathogenesis as well as discuss existing knowledge gaps and the challenges in modeling these interactions using MPS. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of vascular dysfunction caused by HFV is crucial in developing therapies not only for these infections, but also for other vasculotropic conditions like sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Zarate-Sanchez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Monica L Moya
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America
| | - Claire Robertson
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA, United States of America
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3
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Gebeyehu GM, Rashidiani S, Farkas B, Szabadi A, Brandt B, Pap M, Rauch TA. Unveiling the Role of Exosomes in the Pathophysiology of Sepsis: Insights into Organ Dysfunction and Potential Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4898. [PMID: 38732114 PMCID: PMC11084308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tools for intercellular communication, mediating molecular transport processes. Emerging studies have revealed that EVs are significantly involved in immune processes, including sepsis. Sepsis, a dysregulated immune response to infection, triggers systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction, posing a life-threatening condition. Although extensive research has been conducted on animals, the complex inflammatory mechanisms that cause sepsis-induced organ failure in humans are still not fully understood. Recent studies have focused on secreted exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles from various body cells, and have shed light on their involvement in the pathophysiology of sepsis. During sepsis, exosomes undergo changes in content, concentration, and function, which significantly affect the metabolism of endothelia, cardiovascular functions, and coagulation. Investigating the role of exosome content in the pathogenesis of sepsis shows promise for understanding the molecular basis of human sepsis. This review explores the contributions of activated immune cells and diverse body cells' secreted exosomes to vital organ dysfunction in sepsis, providing insights into potential molecular biomarkers for predicting organ failure in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizaw Mamo Gebeyehu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.G.); (S.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Shima Rashidiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.G.); (S.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Benjámin Farkas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.G.); (S.R.); (B.F.)
| | - András Szabadi
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Barbara Brandt
- Hungary Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Marianna Pap
- Hungary Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Tibor A. Rauch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.G.); (S.R.); (B.F.)
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4
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Lee R, Sung HW, Cheong HT, Park J. Protective immune response induced by Leghorn male hepatoma cell-adapted fowl adenovirus-4. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25366. [PMID: 38356505 PMCID: PMC10864904 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) is a highly contagious virus that causes acute and lethal hepatitis. It leads to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. Among the structural proteins of FAdV-4, hexon and fiber2 are associated with immunopathogenesis. A frameshift mutation was generated in the fiber2 protein by seral passages in the Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cell line. Immunization using the attenuated virus (80 times passaged) before the virulent FAdV-4 challenge protected hosts from the infection and cleared the invading virus. In immunized animals, activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations were larger during the FAdV-4 challenge. The change in the B cell population was similar. Myeloid cells were highly increased during FAdV-4 infection after the immunization, but the immunization inhibited the expansion in both liver and spleen. The functional gene expression for immune modulation was strongly associated with immune cell changes in the liver, however, this association was not strong in the spleen. The present findings imply that genetic modification by cellular adaptation regulates immune cell phenotype and function in the target organ. In addition, we suggest the attenuated virus as a protective strategy against the novel FAdV-4 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangyeon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Cheong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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5
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Shi Y, Cao Y, Han X, Xie L, Xiao K. iNOS inhibitor S-methylisothiourea alleviates smoke inhalation-induced acute lung injury by suppressing inflammation and macrophage infiltration. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111097. [PMID: 37988909 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, S-methylisothiourea (SMT), in a mouse model of smoke inhalation-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and explored the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A mouse model of smoke inhalation-induced ALI was established. RNA-sequencing (seq) analysis was conducted to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed for functional annotation of DEGs. Moreover, an immunofluorescence assay using macrophage marker F4/80 was performed to assess macrophage infiltration. A hypoxia-induced HUVEC model was used to mimic smoke inhalation-induced injury in endothelial cells. Finally, a transwell assay was used to analyze the chemoattractive effects of endothelial cells on macrophages. RESULTS SMT markedly alleviated the pulmonary pathological symptoms, edema, and inflammatory response in the mouse smoke inhalation-induced ALI model. RNA-seq analysis revealed that SMT may diminish lung injury by regulating the levels of genes associated with inflammatory responses, cell chemokines, and adhesion. In vivo data revealed that the protective effects of SMT against smoke inhalation-induced ALI were partly achieved by inhibiting the production of adhesion molecules and infiltration of macrophages. Furthermore, in vitro data from the hypoxia-induced HUVEC model revealed that SMT reduced macrophage chemotaxis by inhibiting the production of chemokines and adhesion molecules in endothelial cells. CONCLUSION iNOS inhibitor SMT protects the lungs from smoke inhalation-induced ALI by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines in endothelial cells, thereby inhibiting inflammation and macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Shi
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Cao
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xinjie Han
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Kun Xiao
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China.
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6
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Abstract
For our immune system to contain or eliminate malignant solid tumours, both myeloid and lymphoid haematopoietic cells must not only extravasate from the bloodstream into the tumour tissue but also further migrate to various specialized niches of the tumour microenvironment to functionally interact with each other, with non-haematopoietic stromal cells and, ultimately, with cancer cells. These interactions regulate local immune cell survival, proliferative expansion, differentiation and their execution of pro-tumour or antitumour effector functions, which collectively determine the outcome of spontaneous or therapeutically induced antitumour immune responses. None of these interactions occur randomly but are orchestrated and critically depend on migratory guidance cues provided by chemokines, a large family of chemotactic cytokines, and their receptors. Understanding the functional organization of the tumour immune microenvironment inevitably requires knowledge of the multifaceted roles of chemokines in the recruitment and positioning of its cellular constituents. Gaining such knowledge will not only generate new insights into the mechanisms underlying antitumour immunity or immune tolerance but also inform the development of biomarkers (or 'biopatterns') based on spatial tumour tissue analyses, as well as novel strategies to therapeutically engineer immune responses in patients with cancer. Here we will discuss recent observations on the role of chemokines in the tumour microenvironment in the context of our knowledge of their physiological functions in development, homeostasis and antimicrobial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten R Mempel
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Julia K Lill
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lukas M Altenburger
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Silva Pereira S, Brás D, Porqueddu T, Nascimento AM, De Niz M. Investigation of Trypanosoma-induced vascular damage sheds insights into Trypanosoma vivax sequestration. Cell Surf 2023; 10:100113. [PMID: 37954640 PMCID: PMC10632540 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple blood-borne pathogens infecting mammals establish close interactions with the host vascular endothelium as part of their life cycles. In this work, we investigate differences in the interactions of three Trypanosoma species: T. brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax with the blood vasculature. Infection with these species results in vastly different pathologies, including different effects on vascular homeostasis, such as changes in vascular permeability and microhemorrhages. While all three species are extracellular parasites, T. congolense is strictly intravascular, while T. brucei is capable of surviving both extra- and intravascularly. Our knowledge regarding T. vivax tropism and its capacity of migration across the vascular endothelium is unknown. In this work, we show for the first time that T. vivax parasites sequester to the vascular endothelium of most organs, and that, like T. congolense, T. vivax Y486 is largely incapable of extravasation. Infection with this parasite species results in a unique effect on vascular endothelium receptors including general downregulation of ICAM1 and ESAM, and upregulation of VCAM1, CD36 and E-selectin. Our findings on the differences between the two sequestering species (T. congolense and T. vivax) and the non-sequestering, but extravasating, T. brucei raise important questions on the relevance of sequestration to the parasite's survival in the mammalian host, and the evolutionary relevance of both sequestration and extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela Brás
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Teresa Porqueddu
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Nascimento
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana De Niz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Advanced Microscopy and Nikon Imaging Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
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8
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Lee R, Yoon BI, Hunter CA, Kwon HM, Sung HW, Park J. Short chain fatty acids facilitate protective immunity by macrophages and T cells during acute fowl adenovirus-4 infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17999. [PMID: 37865711 PMCID: PMC10590440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major gut metabolites that are involved in the regulation of dysfunction in immune responses, such as autoimmunity and cytokine storm. Numerous studies have reported a protective action of SCFAs against infectious diseases. This study investigated whether SCFAs have protective effect for immunity during fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) infection. We examined whether SCFA mixture (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) administration could protect against intramuscular challenge of a virulent viral strain. SCFA treatment promoted MHCII-expressing monocytes, the active form of T cells, and effector molecules in both peripheral and lymphoid tissues. It also boosted the production of immune molecules involved in pathogen elimination by intraepithelial lymphocytes and changed the intestinal microbial composition. We suggest that gut metabolites influence the gut microbial environment, and these changes stimulate macrophages and T cells to fight against the intramuscular challenge of FAdV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangyeon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyuk Moo Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Xue J, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Jin D, Guo L, Li X, Zhao D, Feng X, Qi W, Zhu H. Research Progress and Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelial Cells Inflammation in Vascular-Related Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3593-3617. [PMID: 37641702 PMCID: PMC10460614 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s418166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are widely distributed inside the vascular network, forming a vital barrier between the bloodstream and the walls of blood vessels. These versatile cells serve myriad functions, including the regulation of vascular tension and the management of hemostasis and thrombosis. Inflammation constitutes a cascade of biological responses incited by biological, chemical, or physical stimuli. While inflammation is inherently a protective mechanism, dysregulated inflammation can precipitate a host of vascular pathologies. ECs play a critical role in the genesis and progression of vascular inflammation, which has been implicated in the etiology of numerous vascular disorders, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus, and sepsis. Upon activation, ECs secrete potent inflammatory mediators that elicit both innate and adaptive immune reactions, culminating in inflammation. To date, no comprehensive and nuanced account of the research progress concerning ECs and inflammation in vascular-related maladies exists. Consequently, this review endeavors to synthesize the contributions of ECs to inflammatory processes, delineate the molecular signaling pathways involved in regulation, and categorize and consolidate the various models and treatment strategies for vascular-related diseases. It is our aspiration that this review furnishes cogent experimental evidence supporting the established link between endothelial inflammation and vascular-related pathologies, offers a theoretical foundation for clinical investigations, and imparts valuable insights for the development of therapeutic agents targeting these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Guo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Feng
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatology in Children, Children’s Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatology in Children, Children’s Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Kotlyarov S. The Role of Smoking in the Mechanisms of Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108725. [PMID: 37240069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These diseases share common pathogenesis and significantly influence each other's clinical presentation and prognosis. There is increasing evidence that the mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of COPD and ASCVD are complex and multifactorial. Smoking-induced systemic inflammation, impaired endothelial function and oxidative stress may contribute to the development and progression of both diseases. The components present in tobacco smoke can have adverse effects on various cellular functions, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Smoking may also affect the innate immune system, impair apoptosis, and promote oxidative stress in the respiratory and vascular systems. The purpose of this review is to discuss the importance of smoking in the mechanisms underlying the comorbid course of COPD and ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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11
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Schönherr-Hellec S, Chatzopoulou E, Barnier JP, Atlas Y, Dupichaud S, Guilbert T, Dupraz Y, Meyer J, Chaussain C, Gorin C, Nassif X, Germain S, Muller L, Coureuil M. Implantation of engineered human microvasculature to study human infectious diseases in mouse models. iScience 2023; 26:106286. [PMID: 36942053 PMCID: PMC10024136 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models for studying human pathogens are crucially lacking. We describe the implantation in mice of engineered human mature microvasculature consisting of endothelial and perivascular cells embedded in collagen hydrogel that allows investigation of pathogen interactions with the endothelium, including in vivo functional studies. Using Neisseria meningitidis as a paradigm of human-restricted infection, we demonstrated the strength and opportunities associated with the use of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Schönherr-Hellec
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Eirini Chatzopoulou
- Université Paris Cité, UPR2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, UFR Odontologie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Barnier
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Atlas
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Dupichaud
- Cell Imaging Platform, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Guilbert
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yves Dupraz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Julie Meyer
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Université Paris Cité, UPR2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, UFR Odontologie, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Services Médecines bucco-dentaire (GH Paris Sud-Sorbonne Université, Paris Nord-Université Paris Cité), Paris, France
| | - Caroline Gorin
- Université Paris Cité, UPR2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, UFR Odontologie, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Services Médecines bucco-dentaire (GH Paris Sud-Sorbonne Université, Paris Nord-Université Paris Cité), Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nassif
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Corresponding author
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12
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Schoettler ML, Carreras E, Cho B, Dandoy CE, Ho VT, Jodele S, Moissev I, Sanchez-Ortega I, Srivastava A, Atsuta Y, Carpenter P, Koreth J, Kroger N, Ljungman P, Page K, Popat U, Shaw BE, Sureda A, Soiffer R, Vasu S. Harmonizing Definitions for Diagnostic Criteria and Prognostic Assessment of Transplantation-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy: A Report on Behalf of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Asia-Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group, and Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:151-163. [PMID: 36442770 PMCID: PMC10119629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is an increasingly recognized complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, TA-TMA is a clinical diagnosis, and multiple criteria have been proposed without universal application. Although some patients have a self-resolving disease, others progress to multiorgan failure and/or death. Poor prognostic features also are not uniformly accepted. The lack of harmonization of diagnostic and prognostic markers has precluded multi-institutional studies to better understand incidence and outcomes. Even current interventional trials use different criteria, making it challenging to interpret the data. To address this urgent need, the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Center for International Bone Marrow Transplant Research, Asia-Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplantation, and European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation nominated representatives for an expert panel tasked with reaching consensus on diagnostic and prognostic criteria. The panel reviewed literature, generated consensus statements regarding diagnostic and prognostic features of TA-TMA using the Delphi method, and identified future directions of investigation. Consensus was reached on 4 key concepts: (1) TA-TMA can be diagnosed using clinical and laboratory criteria or tissue biopsy of kidney or gastrointestinal tissue; however, biopsy is not required; (2) consensus diagnostic criteria are proposed using the modified Jodele criteria with additional definitions of anemia and thrombocytopenia. TA-TMA is diagnosed when ≥4 of the following 7 features occur twice within 14 days: anemia, defined as failure to achieve transfusion independence despite neutrophil engraftment; hemoglobin decline by ≥1 g/dL or new-onset transfusion dependence; thrombocytopenia, defined as failure to achieve platelet engraftment, higher-than-expected transfusion needs, refractory to platelet transfusions, or ≥50% reduction in baseline platelet count after full platelet engraftment; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) exceeding the upper limit of normal (ULN); schistocytes; hypertension; soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) exceeding the ULN; and proteinuria (≥1 mg/mg random urine protein-to-creatinine ratio [rUPCR]); (3) patients with any of the following features are at increased risk of nonrelapse mortality and should be stratified as high-risk TA-TMA: elevated sC5b-9, LDH ≥2 times the ULN, rUPCR ≥1 mg/mg, multiorgan dysfunction, concurrent grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), or infection (bacterial or viral); and (4) all allogeneic and pediatric autologous HCT recipients with neuroblastoma should be screened weekly for TA-TMA during the first 100 days post-HCT. Patients diagnosed with TA-TMA should be risk-stratified, and those with high-risk disease should be offered participation in a clinical trial for TA-TMA-directed therapy if available. We propose that these criteria and risk stratification features be used in data registries, prospective studies, and clinical practice across international settings. This harmonization will facilitate the investigation of TA-TMA across populations diverse in race, ethnicity, age, disease indications, and transplantation characteristics. As these criteria are widely used, we expect continued refinement as necessary. Efforts to identify more specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are a top priority of the field. Finally, an investigation of the impact of TA-TMA-directed treatment, particularly in the setting of concurrent highly morbid complications, such as steroid-refractory GVHD and infection, is critically needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Schoettler
- Department Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - E Carreras
- Spanish Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Josep Carreras Foundation and Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - B Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - C E Dandoy
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - V T Ho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - S Jodele
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - I Moissev
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | | | - A Srivastava
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Y Atsuta
- Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Nagoya, Japan
| | - P Carpenter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - J Koreth
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - N Kroger
- Division of Hematology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - P Ljungman
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Page
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - U Popat
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - B E Shaw
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - A Sureda
- Clinical Hematology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia-Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Soiffer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - S Vasu
- Division of Hematology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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13
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Morris G, Gevezova M, Sarafian V, Maes M. Redox regulation of the immune response. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1079-1101. [PMID: 36056148 PMCID: PMC9508259 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe immune-inflammatory response is associated with increased nitro-oxidative stress. The aim of this mechanistic review is to examine: (a) the role of redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes, ROS/RNS production, and the activity of cellular antioxidants in the activation and performance of macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells; (b) the involvement of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and oxidized phospholipids in regulating the immune response; and (c) the detrimental effects of hypernitrosylation and chronic nitro-oxidative stress on the immune response. The redox changes during immune-inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the actions of nuclear factor-κB, HIF1α, the mechanistic target of rapamycin, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. The performance and survival of individual immune cells is under redox control and depends on intracellular and extracellular levels of ROS/RNS. They are heavily influenced by cellular antioxidants including the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and the HDL/ApoA1/PON1 complex. Chronic nitro-oxidative stress and hypernitrosylation inhibit the activity of those antioxidant systems, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial functions, and the metabolism of immune cells. In conclusion, redox-associated mechanisms modulate metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, macrophage and T helper cell polarization, phagocytosis, production of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines, immune training and tolerance, chemotaxis, pathogen sensing, antiviral and antibacterial effects, Toll-like receptor activity, and endotoxin tolerance.
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14
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Buonsenso D. Childhood Immunity and Infections: Time to Consider Endothelial Cells and Platelets. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9060841. [PMID: 35740778 PMCID: PMC9221571 DOI: 10.3390/children9060841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Buonsenso
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; ; Tel./Fax: +39-(0)-630154390
- Global Health Research Center, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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15
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Subsets of Cytokines and Chemokines from DENV-4-Infected Patients Could Regulate the Endothelial Integrity of Cultured Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050509. [PMID: 35631030 PMCID: PMC9144803 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is a consensus that inflammatory mediators produced by immune cells contribute to changes in endothelial permeability in dengue. We propose to relate inflammatory mediators seen in dengue patients with the in vitro alteration of endothelial cells (ECs) cultured with serum from these patients. Methods: Patients with mild (DF) to moderate and severe dengue (DFWS/Sev) were selected. ELISA quantified inflammatory mediators. Expression of adhesion molecules and CD147 were evaluated in the ECs cultured with the patient’s serum by flow cytometry. We assessed endothelial permeability by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance in cocultures of ECs with patient serum. Results: Dengue infection led to an increase in inflammatory mediators—the IL-10 distinguished DF from DFWS/Sev. There were no changes in CD31, CD54, and CD106 but decreased CD147 expression in ECs. DFWS/Sev sera induced a greater difference in endothelial permeability than DF sera. Correlation statistical test indicated that low IL-10 and IFN-γ and high CCL5 maintain the integrity of ECs in DF patients. In contrast, increased TNF, IFN-γ, CXCL8, and CCL2 maintain EC integrity in DFWS/Sev patients. Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that a subset of inflammatory mediators may be related to the maintenance or loss of endothelial integrity, reflecting the clinical prognosis.
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16
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Alves LA, Salvatierra GC, Freitas VA, Höfling JF, Bastos DC, Araujo TLS, Mattos-Graner RO. Diversity in Phenotypes Associated With Host Persistence and Systemic Virulence in Streptococcus sanguinis Strains. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:875581. [PMID: 35509310 PMCID: PMC9058168 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.875581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus sanguinis is a pioneer commensal species of dental biofilms, abundant in different oral sites and commonly associated with opportunist cardiovascular infections. In this study, we addressed intra-species functional diversity to better understand the S. sanguinis commensal and pathogenic lifestyles. Multiple phenotypes were screened in nine strains isolated from dental biofilms or from the bloodstream to identify conserved and strain-specific functions involved in biofilm formation and/or persistence in oral and cardiovascular tissues. Strain phenotypes of biofilm maturation were independent of biofilm initiation phenotypes, and significantly influenced by human saliva and by aggregation mediated by sucrose-derived exopolysaccharides (EPS). The production of H2O2 was conserved in most strains, and consistent with variations in extracellular DNA (eDNA) production observed in few strains. The diversity in complement C3b deposition correlated with the rates of opsonophagocytosis by human PMN and was influenced by culture medium and sucrose-derived EPS in a strain-specific fashion. Differences in C3b deposition correlated with strain binding to recognition proteins of the classical pathway, C1q and serum amyloid protein (SAP). Importantly, differences in strain invasiveness into primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were significantly associated with C3b binding, and in a lesser extent, with binding to host glycoproteins (such as fibrinogen, plasminogen, fibronectin, and collagen). Thus, by identifying conserved and strain-specific phenotypes involved in host persistence and systemic virulence, this study indicates potential new functions involved in systemic virulence and highlights the need of including a wider panel of strains in molecular studies to understand S. sanguinis biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia A. Alves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Geovanny C. Salvatierra
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Victor A. Freitas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - José F. Höfling
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Débora C. Bastos
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
- São Leopoldo Mandic Medical School, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thaís L. S. Araujo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata O. Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Renata O. Mattos-Graner,
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17
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Kotlyarov S. Involvement of the Innate Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:985. [PMID: 35055174 PMCID: PMC8778852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, socially significant disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation due to chronic inflammation in the bronchi. Although the causes of COPD are considered to be known, the pathogenesis of the disease continues to be a relevant topic of study. Mechanisms of the innate immune system are involved in various links in the pathogenesis of COPD, leading to persistence of chronic inflammation in the bronchi, their bacterial colonization and disruption of lung structure and function. Bronchial epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages and other cells are involved in the development and progression of the disease, demonstrating multiple compromised immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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18
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Sansores-España LD, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Olivares-Sagredo K, Cafferata EA, Martínez-Aguilar VM, Vernal R, Paula-Lima AC, Díaz-Zúñiga J. Oral-Gut-Brain Axis in Experimental Models of Periodontitis: Associating Gut Dysbiosis With Neurodegenerative Diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:781582. [PMID: 35822001 PMCID: PMC9261337 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.781582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is considered a non-communicable chronic disease caused by a dysbiotic microbiota, which generates a low-grade systemic inflammation that chronically damages the organism. Several studies have associated periodontitis with other chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, the oral bacteria considered a keystone pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, has been detected in the hippocampus and brain cortex. Likewise, gut microbiota dysbiosis triggers a low-grade systemic inflammation, which also favors the risk for both cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the existence of an axis of Oral-Gut communication has been proposed, whose possible involvement in the development of neurodegenerative diseases has not been uncovered yet. The present review aims to compile evidence that the dysbiosis of the oral microbiota triggers changes in the gut microbiota, which creates a higher predisposition for the development of neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases.The Oral-Gut-Brain axis could be defined based on anatomical communications, where the mouth and the intestine are in constant communication. The oral-brain axis is mainly established from the trigeminal nerve and the gut-brain axis from the vagus nerve. The oral-gut communication is defined from an anatomical relation and the constant swallowing of oral bacteria. The gut-brain communication is more complex and due to bacteria-cells, immune and nervous system interactions. Thus, the gut-brain and oral-brain axis are in a bi-directional relationship. Through the qualitative analysis of the selected papers, we conclude that experimental periodontitis could produce both neurodegenerative pathologies and intestinal dysbiosis, and that periodontitis is likely to induce both conditions simultaneously. The severity of the neurodegenerative disease could depend, at least in part, on the effects of periodontitis in the gut microbiota, which could strengthen the immune response and create an injurious inflammatory and dysbiotic cycle. Thus, dementias would have their onset in dysbiotic phenomena that affect the oral cavity or the intestine. The selected studies allow us to speculate that oral-gut-brain communication exists, and bacteria probably get to the brain via trigeminal and vagus nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Daniel Sansores-España
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | | | | | - Emilio A. Cafferata
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Cristina Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
- *Correspondence: Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga, ,
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19
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Deek SA. BPC 157 as Potential Treatment for COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 2021; 158:110736. [PMID: 34798584 PMCID: PMC8575535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a large global outbreak. COVID-19 is largely seen as a thrombotic and vascular disease targeting endothelial cells (ECs) throughout the body that can provoke the breakdown of central vascular functions. This explains the complications and multi-organ failure seen in COVID-19 patients including acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiovascular complications, liver damage, and neurological damage. Acknowledging the comorbidities and potential organ injuries throughout the course of COVID-19 is therefore crucial in the clinical management of patients. Here we discuss BPC 157, based primarily on animal model data, as a novel agent that can improve the clinical management of COVID-19. BPC 157 is a peptide that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and endothelial-protective effects in different organ systems in different species. BPC 157 activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is associated with nitric oxide (NO) release, tissue repair and angiomodulatory properties which can lead to improved vascular integrity and immune response, reduced proinflammatory profile, and reduced critical levels of the disease. As a result, discussion of its use as a potential prophylactic and complementary treatment is critical. All examined treatments, although potentiality effective against COVID-19, need either appropriate drug development or clinical trials in humans to be suitable for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Deek
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712 Austin, TX, USA.
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20
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Schneider CA, Calvo E, Peterson KE. Arboviruses: How Saliva Impacts the Journey from Vector to Host. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179173. [PMID: 34502092 PMCID: PMC8431069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses, referred to collectively as arboviruses, infect millions of people worldwide each year and have the potential to cause severe disease. They are predominately transmitted to humans through blood-feeding behavior of three main groups of biting arthropods: ticks, mosquitoes, and sandflies. The pathogens harbored by these blood-feeding arthropods (BFA) are transferred to animal hosts through deposition of virus-rich saliva into the skin. Sometimes these infections become systemic and can lead to neuro-invasion and life-threatening viral encephalitis. Factors intrinsic to the arboviral vectors can greatly influence the pathogenicity and virulence of infections, with mounting evidence that BFA saliva and salivary proteins can shift the trajectory of viral infection in the host. This review provides an overview of arbovirus infection and ways in which vectors influence viral pathogenesis. In particular, we focus on how saliva and salivary gland extracts from the three dominant arbovirus vectors impact the trajectory of the cellular immune response to arbovirus infection in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Schneider
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA;
| | - Eric Calvo
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Karin E. Peterson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Revisiting Ehrlichia ruminantium Replication Cycle Using Proteomics: The Host and the Bacterium Perspectives. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061144. [PMID: 34073568 PMCID: PMC8229282 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rickettsiales Ehrlichia ruminantium, the causal agent of the fatal tick-borne disease Heartwater, induces severe damage to the vascular endothelium in ruminants. Nevertheless, E. ruminantium-induced pathobiology remains largely unknown. Our work paves the way for understanding this phenomenon by using quantitative proteomic analyses (2D-DIGE-MS/MS, 1DE-nanoLC-MS/MS and biotin-nanoUPLC-MS/MS) of host bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAE) during the in vitro bacterium intracellular replication cycle. We detect 265 bacterial proteins (including virulence factors), at all time-points of the E. ruminantium replication cycle, highlighting a dynamic bacterium–host interaction. We show that E. ruminantium infection modulates the expression of 433 host proteins: 98 being over-expressed, 161 under-expressed, 140 detected only in infected BAE cells and 34 exclusively detected in non-infected cells. Cystoscape integrated data analysis shows that these proteins lead to major changes in host cell immune responses, host cell metabolism and vesicle trafficking, with a clear involvement of inflammation-related proteins in this process. Our findings led to the first model of E. ruminantium infection in host cells in vitro, and we highlight potential biomarkers of E. ruminantium infection in endothelial cells (such as ROCK1, TMEM16K, Albumin and PTPN1), which may be important to further combat Heartwater, namely by developing non-antibiotic-based strategies.
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22
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Guan SP, Seet RCS, Kennedy BK. Does eNOS derived nitric oxide protect the young from severe COVID-19 complications? Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101201. [PMID: 33157320 PMCID: PMC7609225 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the largest risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19. Severe cases of COVID-19 are related to vascular damage with evidence of direct viral infection in the endothelial cells. Increase risk of COVID-19 death are also highly related to disease with lower vascular Nitric Oxide (NO) level. Vascular viral defence by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) derive NO may be the protecting factor for the young. eNOS polymorphism could potentially explain the disparity of COVID-19 mortality between Asian and non-Asian countries.
The COVID-19 pandemic poses an imminent threat to humanity, especially to the elderly. The molecular mechanisms underpinning the age-dependent disparity for disease progression is not clear. COVID-19 is both a respiratory and a vascular disease in severe patients. The damage endothelial system provides a good explanation for the various complications seen in COVID-19 patients. These observations lead us to suspect that endothelial cells are a barrier that must be breached before progression to severe disease. Endothelial intracellular defences are largely dependent of the activation of the interferon (IFN) system. Nevertheless, low type I and III IFNs are generally observed in COVID-19 patients suggesting that other intracellular viral defence systems are also activated to protect the young. Intriguingly, Nitric oxide (NO), which is the main intracellular antiviral defence, has been shown to inhibit a wide array of viruses, including SARS-CoV-1. Additionally, the increased risk of death with diseases that have underlying endothelial dysfunction suggest that endothelial NOS-derived nitric oxide could be the main defence mechanism. NO decreases dramatically in the elderly, the hyperglycaemic and the patients with low levels of vitamin D. However, eNOS derived NO occurs at low levels, unless it is during inflammation and co-stimulated by bradykinin. Regrettably, the bradykinin-induced vasodilation also progressively declines with age, thereby decreasing anti-viral NO production as well. Intriguingly, the inverse correlation between the percentage of WT eNOS haplotype and death per 100K population could potentially explain the disparity of COVID-19 mortality between Asian and non-Asian countries. These changes with age, low bradykinin and NO, may be the fundamental reasons that intracellular innate immunity declines with age leading to more severe COVID-19 complications.
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23
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Lissner MM, Cumnock K, Davis NM, Vilches-Moure JG, Basak P, Navarrete DJ, Allen JA, Schneider D. Metabolic profiling during malaria reveals the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in regulating kidney injury. eLife 2020; 9:60165. [PMID: 33021470 PMCID: PMC7538157 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic metabolic reprogramming induced by infection exerts profound, pathogen-specific effects on infection outcome. Here, we detail the host immune and metabolic response during sickness and recovery in a mouse model of malaria. We describe extensive alterations in metabolism during acute infection, and identify increases in host-derived metabolites that signal through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a transcription factor with immunomodulatory functions. We find that Ahr-/- mice are more susceptible to malaria and develop high plasma heme and acute kidney injury. This phenotype is dependent on AHR in Tek-expressing radioresistant cells. Our findings identify a role for AHR in limiting tissue damage during malaria. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the critical role of host metabolism in surviving infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Lissner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Katherine Cumnock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Nicole M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - José G Vilches-Moure
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Priyanka Basak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Daniel J Navarrete
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Jessica A Allen
- Division of Health, Mathematics and Science, Columbia College, Columbia, United States
| | - David Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
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Gies V, Bekaddour N, Dieudonné Y, Guffroy A, Frenger Q, Gros F, Rodero MP, Herbeuval JP, Korganow AS. Beyond Anti-viral Effects of Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1409. [PMID: 32714335 PMCID: PMC7343769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the world is severely affected by COVID-19 pandemic, the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in prevention or for the treatment of patients is allowed in multiple countries but remained at the center of much controversy in recent days. This review describes the properties of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, and highlights not only their anti-viral effects but also their important immune-modulatory properties and their well-known use in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus and arthritis. Chloroquine appears to inhibit in vitro SARS virus' replication and to interfere with SARS-CoV2 receptor (ACE2). Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine impede lysosomal activity and autophagy, leading to a decrease of antigen processing and presentation. They are also known to interfere with endosomal Toll-like receptors signaling and cytosolic sensors of nucleic acids, which result in a decreased cellular activation and thereby a lower type I interferons and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Given the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, there is a rational to use them against SARS-CoV2 infection. However, the anti-interferon properties of these molecules might be detrimental, and impaired host immune responses against the virus. This duality could explain the discrepancy with the recently published studies on CQ/HCQ treatment efficacy in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, although these treatments could be an interesting potential strategy to limit progression toward uncontrolled inflammation, they do not appear per se sufficiently potent to control the whole inflammatory process in COVID-19, and more targeted and/or potent therapies should be required at least in add-on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gies
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR - S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, Illkirch, France
| | - Nassima Bekaddour
- Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-8601, Paris, France
- Team Chemistry & Biology, Modeling & Immunology for Therapy, CBMIT, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Dieudonné
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR - S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélien Guffroy
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR - S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Quentin Frenger
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR - S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculty of Life Sciences, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Gros
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR - S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculty of Life Sciences, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathieu Paul Rodero
- Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-8601, Paris, France
- Team Chemistry & Biology, Modeling & Immunology for Therapy, CBMIT, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
- Université de Paris, CNRS UMR-8601, Paris, France
- Team Chemistry & Biology, Modeling & Immunology for Therapy, CBMIT, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Korganow
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR - S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
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25
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Franklin-Murray AL, Mallya S, Jankeel A, Sureshchandra S, Messaoudi I, Lodoen MB. Toxoplasma gondii Dysregulates Barrier Function and Mechanotransduction Signaling in Human Endothelial Cells. mSphere 2020; 5:e00550-19. [PMID: 31996420 PMCID: PMC6992369 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00550-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii can infect and replicate in vascular endothelial cells prior to entering host tissues. However, little is known about the molecular interactions at the parasite-endothelial cell interface. We demonstrate that T. gondii infection of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) altered cell morphology and dysregulated barrier function, increasing permeability to low-molecular-weight polymers. T. gondii disrupted vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and β-catenin localization to the cell periphery and reduced VE-cadherin protein expression. Notably, T. gondii infection led to reorganization of the host cytoskeleton by reducing filamentous actin (F-actin) stress fiber abundance under static and microfluidic shear stress conditions and by reducing planar cell polarity. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) comparing genome-wide transcriptional profiles of infected to uninfected endothelial cells revealed changes in gene expression associated with cell-cell adhesion, extracellular matrix reorganization, and cytokine-mediated signaling. In particular, genes downstream of Hippo signaling and the biomechanical sensor and transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP) were downregulated in infected endothelial cells. Interestingly, T. gondii infection activated Hippo signaling by increasing phosphorylation of LATS1, leading to cytoplasmic retention of YAP, and reducing YAP target gene expression. These findings suggest that T. gondii infection triggers Hippo signaling and YAP nuclear export, leading to an altered transcriptional profile of infected endothelial cells.IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii is a foodborne parasite that infects virtually all warm-blooded animals and can cause severe disease in individuals with compromised or weakened immune systems. During dissemination in its infected hosts, T. gondii breaches endothelial barriers to enter tissues and establish the chronic infections underlying the most severe manifestations of toxoplasmosis. The research presented here examines how T. gondii infection of primary human endothelial cells induces changes in cell morphology, barrier function, gene expression, and mechanotransduction signaling under static conditions and under the physiological conditions of shear stress found in the bloodstream. Understanding the molecular interactions occurring at the interface between endothelial cells and T. gondii may provide insights into processes linked to parasite dissemination and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond L Franklin-Murray
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sharmila Mallya
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Allen Jankeel
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Melissa B Lodoen
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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26
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Toxoplasmosis and Risk of Endothelial Dysfunction: Role of Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Mediators. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.95563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Al-Kuraishi AH, Al-Windy SD, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI. Endothelial dysfunction in acute acquired toxoplasmosis. Trop Parasitol 2020; 10:29-33. [PMID: 32775289 PMCID: PMC7365500 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_26_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute toxoplasmosis (AT) which is caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) leads to induction of pro-inflammatory and/or oxidative stress changes through activation of host immune response. Therefore, the endeavor of the present study was to assess endothelial dysfunction(ED) and oxidative stress in patients with acute toxoplasmosis. METHODS This study involved 21 patients with AT compared with 20 healthy controls. Serum immunoglobulin levels [IgG], IgM, IgA), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and human malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels were evaluated. RESULTS IgM, IgG, and IgA levels were high patients with AT as compared with the control (P < 0.01). IL-6, MDA, and ET-1 serum levels were high in patients with AT compared with control (P < 0.01). In patients with AT, IgM serum level was significantly correlated with other immunoglobulin, and with the biomarker of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and ED (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION AT is linked with oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory changes which together provoke ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar H. Al-Kuraishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Salah D. Al-Windy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
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28
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Cipitelli MDC, Amâncio Paiva I, Badolato-Corrêa J, de-Oliveira-Pinto LM. Influence of chemokines on the endothelial permeability and cellular transmigration during dengue. Immunol Lett 2019; 212:88-97. [PMID: 31181280 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
During a pathogenic infection, an inflammatory process is triggered in which several inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, complement system components, nitric oxide, and others induce integrity alteration on the endothelial barrier. Chemokines are responsible for regulating leukocyte trafficking under homeostatic conditions as well as activating immune system cells under inflammatory conditions. They are crucial molecules in the early stages of infection, leading to the recruitment of immune cells, namely neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T cells (NKT), dendritic cells (DC), T lymphocytes and all cells expressing chemokine receptors for inflammatory sites. Other functions, such as collagen production, tissue repair, a proliferation of hematopoietic precursors and angiogenesis, are also performed by these molecules. Chemokines, amongst inflammatory mediators, play a key role in dengue immunopathogenesis. Dengue fever is a disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV). It is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic cases to mild and severe symptomatic ones. As for the latter, the appearance of hemorrhagic manifestations and changes in vascular permeability may lead the patient to develop cavitary effusions, organ involvement, and even death. As chemokines exert an influence on various homeostatic and inflammatory processes, acting vigorously on vascular endothelial activation and cell migration, the main purpose of this chapter is to discuss the influence of chemokines on the alteration of endothelial permeability and migration of T lymphocytes in DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio da Costa Cipitelli
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iury Amâncio Paiva
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Badolato-Corrêa
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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